Gods and Goddesses
Information about Sumerian Gods and Goddesses is found on the Sumerian King List as well as Sumerian clay tablets and cylinder seals. The Sumerian King List records all the rulers of Earth back over 4! 4! years. This huge stretch of time cou"led with reigns into the thousands of years has caused most historians to re#ect its accuracy. $owever all the early rulers were allegedly gods % demi%gods or immortals.
These Gods were called the &e"hilim the &e"hilim % &efilim % Elohim % 'nnunaki meaning (Those who from $eaven to Earth came.( In Sumerian )ythology they were a "antheon of good and evil gods and goddesses who came to Earth to create the human race. 'ccording to the some resources! these gods came from &ibiru from &ibiru % % *+lanet of the ,rossing.* The 'ssyrians and -abylonians called it *)arduk*! after their chief god. Sumerians said one year on "lanet &ibiru! a sar! was euivalent in time to /0 Earth years. 'nnunaki lifes"ans were 12 sars which is 12 3 /0 or 4/2! years. ye ars. 'ccording to the King List % 12 sars had "assed from the time the 'nnunaki arrived on Earth to the time of the lood.
Gods 5ith 5ater -uckets
The Tree of Life The 'nnunaki are sometimes de"icted as humanoid. 't other times they are bird%headed with wings 6Symbology % evolution of consciousness co nsciousness % return to higher freuency of thought % alchemy7. 8ften they are 9e"tilian in a""earance es"ecially when de"icted as warriors % 69e"tilian Symbology % snake % dragons % re" tiles : ;&' % creation of the human bi%"olar e3"eriment.7 Sometimes they are shown as a combination of several ty"es of entities. 'll is myth! math! and meta"hor! so look for the clues in every set o f gods you read about! as they all follow the same "atterns same "atterns that re"eat in cycles or loo"s called Time. The "atterns of their battles reflect reality as duality and are found within every "antheon of gods g ods % the same characters "laying different roles.
' Sumerian tablet shows Enmeduranki! a "rince in Si""ar! who was well loved b y 'nu! Enlil and Ea. Shamash! a "riest in the -right Tem"le! Tem"le! a""ointed him then took him to the assembly of the gods. They showed him how to observe oil on water and many other secrets of 'nu! Enlil and Ea. Then they gave him the ;ivine Tablet! the kibdu secret of
$eaven and Earth. They taught him how to make calculations with numbers.( 6This is a reference to Sacred or ,reational Geometry7 Geometry7 The Sumerians never called the 'nunnaki! *gods.* They were called din.gir! a two%syllable word. *;in* meant *righteous! "ure! bright<* *gir* was a term used to describe a shar"%edged ob#ect. 's an e"ithet for the 'nunnaki *dingir* meant *righteous ones of the bright "ointed ob#ects.* Sumerian te3ts break u" history into two e"ochs divided by the Great ;eluge % the -iblical lood. lood. 'fter the waters receded the great 'nunnaki who decree the fate decided that the gods were too lofty for mankind. The term used % *elu* in 'kkadian % means e3actly that= *Lofty 8nes<* from it comes the -abylonian! 'ssyrian! $ebrew! $ebrew! and >garitic El % the term to which the Greeks gave the connotation *god*. rom Genesis= 'fter the sons of God took human hu man wives there were giants in the Earth in those days< and also after that! when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men! and they bare children to them! the same became the mighty men which were of old! men of renown. The &efilim were u"on the Earth! in those days and thereafter too! when the sons of the gods cohabitated with the daughters of the 'dam! and they bore children unto them. They were the mighty ones of Eternity % the "eo"le of the shem.* &efilim stems from the Semitic root &L! &L! *to be cast down.* The Sumerians believed in their gods and saw the intentions of their gods as good and "owerful beings who controlled their world. The Sumerians e3"lanation for their hardshi"s and misfortunes were the result of human d eeds that dis"leased the gods % in a word! sin. They believed that when someone dis"leased the gods! these gods let demons "unish the offender with sickness! disease or environmental disasters. disasters. The Sumerians e3"erienced infreuent rains that sometimes created disastrous floods! and they believed that these floods were "unishments created by a demon god that lived in the de"ths of the Gulf of +ersia. 'nd to e3"lain the misfortunes and suffering of infants! the Sumerians believed that sin was inborn! that never was a child born without sin. Therefore! wrote a Sumerian! when one suffered it was best not to curse the gods but to glorify them! to a""eal to them! and to wait "atiently for their deliverance. In giving their gods human characteristics! the Sumerians "ro#ected onto their gods the conflicts they found among themselves. Sumerian Su merian "riests wrote of a dis"ute between the god of cattle! Lahar! and his sister 'shnan! the goddess of grain. Like some other gods! these gods were vain and wished to be "raised. Each of the two sibling gods e3tolled his and her own achievements and belittled the achievements of the other. The Sumerians *saw* another dis"ute between be tween the minor gods Emesh ?summer@ and his brother Enten ?winter@. Each of these brothers had s"ecific duties in creation % like ,ain
the farmer and 'ble the herdsmen. The god Enlil "ut Emesh in charge of "roducing trees! building houses! tem"les! cities and other tasks. Enlil "ut Enten in charge of causing ewes to give birth to lambs! goats to give birth to kids! birds to build nests! fish to la y their eggs and trees to bear fruit. 'nd the brothers uarreled violently as Emesh cha llenged Enten*s claim to be the farmer god. ' dis"ute e3isted also between the god Enki and a mother goddess! &inhursag %% "erha"s originally the earth goddess Ki. &inhursag made eight "lants s"rout in a divine garden! "lants created from three generations of goddesses fathered by Enki. These goddesses were described as having been born (without "ain or travail.( Then trouble came as Enki ate the "lants that &inhursag had grown. &inhursag res"onded with rage! and she "ronounced a curse of death on Enki! and Enki*s health began to fail. Eight "arts of Enki*s body % one for each of the eight "lants that he ate % became diseased! one of which was his rib. The goddess &inhursag then disa""eared so as not let sym"athy for Enki change her mind about her sentence of death u"on him. -ut she finally relented and returned to heal Enki. She created eight healing deities % eight more goddesses % one for each of Enki*s ailing body "arts. The goddess who healed Enki*s rib was &in%ti! a name that in Sumerian meant (lady of the rib!( which describes a character who was to a""ear in a different role in $ebrew writings centuries later! a character to be called Eve.
THE FOUR PRIMARY GODS
AN - ANU
In Sumerian mythology and later for 'ssyrians and -abylonians! 'nu was a sky%god! the god of heaven! lord of constellations! king of gods! s"irits and demons! and dwelt in the highest heavenly regions. It was believed that he had the "ower to #udge those who had committed crimes! and that he had ha d created the stars as soldiers to destroy the wicked. $e was the father of the 'nunnaku ?also s"elled 'nunnaki@. In art he was sometimes de"icted as a #ackal. $is attribute was the royal tiara! most times decorated with two "airs of bull horns.
$e was also called 'n. In Sumerian mythology! 'n was the god whose name na me was synonymous with the sun*s Aenith! or heaven. $e was the oldest god in the Sumerian "antheon! and "art of a triad including Enlil! god of o f the sky and Enki! g od of water. $e was called 'nu by the 'kkadians! rulers of )eso"otamia after the conuest of Su mer in 2//4 -,E by King Sargon of 'kkad. In Sumerian mythology and later for 'ssyrians and -abylonians! 'nu was a sky% god! the god of heaven! lord of constellations! king of gods! s"irits and demons! and dwelt in the highest heavenly regions. It was believed that he had the "ower to #udge those who had committed crimes! and that he had created the stars as soldiers to destroy the wicked. $e was the father of the 'nunnaku ?also s"elled 'nunnaki@. In art he was sometimes de"icted as a #ackal. $is attribute was the royal tiara! most times decorated with two "airs of bull ho rns. -y virtue of being the first figure in a triad consisting of 'nu! -el and Ea! 'nu came to be regarded as the father and king of the gods. 'nu is so "rominently associated associated with the city of Erech in southern -abylonia -ab ylonia that there are good reasons for believing this "lace to have been the original seat of the 'nu cult. If this be correct! then the godde ss &ana ?or Ishtar@ of Erech was "resumably regarded as his consort. The name of the god signifies the (high one( and he was "robably a god of the atmos"heric region above the earth%%"erha"s a storm god like 'dad. $owever this may be! already in the old%-abylonian "eriod! i.e. before Khammurabi! 'nu was regarded as the god of the heavens and his name became in fact synonymous with the heavens! so that in some cases it is doubtful whether! under the term! the god or the heavens is meant. It would seem from this that the grou"ing of the divine "owers recogniAed in the universe into a triad symboliAing the three divisions! d ivisions! heavens! earth and the watery%dee"! was a "rocess of thought which had taken "lace before the third millennium. To 'nu was assigned the control of the heavens! to -el the earth! and to Ea the waters. The doctrine once established remained an inherent "art of the -abylonian%'ssyrian -ab ylonian%'ssyrian religion and led to the more or less com"lete disassociation of the three gods c onstituting the triad from their original local limitations. 'n intermediate ste" between 'nu viewed as the local deity of Erech ?or some other centre@! -el as the god of &i""ur! and Ea as the god of Eridu is re"resented by the "rominence which each one of the centers associated with the three deities in uestion must have acuired! and which led to each one absorbing the ualities of other gods so as to give them a controlling "osition in an organiAed "antheon. or &i""ur we have the direct evidence that its chief deity! En%lil or -el! was once regarded as the head of an e3tensive "antheon. The sanctity and! therefore! the
im"ortance of Eridu remained a fi3ed tradition in the minds of the "eo"le to the latest days! and analogy therefore #ustifies the conclusion that 'nu was likewise worshi""ed in a centre which had acuired great "rominence. The summing%u" of divine "owers manifested in the universe in a threefold division re"resents an outcome of s"eculation in the schools attached to the tem"les of -abylonia! but the selection of 'nu! -el and Ea for the three re"resentatives re"resentatives of the three s"heres recogniAed! is due to the im"ortance which! for one reason or the other! the centers in which 'nu! -el and Ea were worshi""ed had acuired in the "o"ular mind. Each of the three must have been regarded in his centre as the most im"ortant member in a larger or smaller grou"! so that their union in a triad marks also the combination of the three distinctive "antheons into a harmonious who le. In the astral theology of -abylonia -ab ylonia and 'ssyria! 'nu! -el and Ea became the three Aones of the ecli"tic! the northern! middle and southern Aone Ao ne res"ectively. The "urely theoretical character of 'nu is thus still further em"hasiAed! and in the annals and votive inscri"tions as well as in the incantations and hymns! he is rarely introduced as an active force to whom a "ersonal a""eal can be made. $is name becomes little more than a synonym for the heavens in general and even his title as king or father of the gods has little of the "ersonal element in it. ' consort 'ntum ?or as some scholars "refer to read! 'natum@ is assigned to him! on the theory that every deity must have ha ve a female associate! but 'ntum is a "urely artificial "roduct%%a lifeless symbol "laying even less of a "art in what may be called the active "antheon than 'nu. In $urrian mythology! 'nu was the "rogenitor of all gods. $is son Kumarbi bit off his genitals and s"at out three deities! one of whom! Teshub! Teshub! later de"osed Kumarbi. $e bit b it off the genitals of 'nu and s"at out three new gods. 8ne of those! the storm god Teshub! later de"osed Kumarbi. Scholars have "ointed to the remarkable similarities between this $urrian creation myth and the story of 8uranos! Kronos! and Beus from Greek mythology. mythology. It*s all recycled in the loo"s of time with the same characters "laying most of the roles % or one character "laying them all. 'ccording to the Earth Chronicles series by Becharia Sitchin! the wife of 'nu was a fertility goddess and the mother of the gods< her cult was centered in )unster. $owever! 'nu was one of the 'nunnaki who came ca me from the "lanet &ibiru ?)arduk@. 'ccording to Sitchin*s theories on Sumerian Su merian legend and lore! the 'nunnaki arrived first on Earth "robably 4! years ago! looking for minerals! es"ecially gold! which they found and mined gold in 'frica. 'frica. Sitchin may have confused the )eso"otamian god 'nu with the Irish goddess 'nann % or are they the sameC NINHURSAG - KI
)ilking scenes from the Tem"le of &inhursag! % Tell al >baid! c. 24 -.,.
rieAe with Lion%$eaded Eagle ?&inhursag@ and Stags! co""er! Tem"le Tem"le at Tell al%>baid! 2D -,E! h= 1. from the Early ;ynastic % Southern )eso"otamian +eriod! 2F -,E % 2/D -,E % ound in >baid. This co""er frieAe was found in the tem"le at >baid! "resumably to be "laced over the doorway. It re"resents the storm%god &inhursag ?lady of the mountain@! shown as a lion%headed eagle gras"ing two stags with her great talons. The "anel has been cast in high relief! with the heads of the three beasts cast se"arately. se"arately. &ote that the head of the eagle breaks out of the border of the frieAe. In Sumerian mythology! &inhursag ?or Ki@ was the earth and mother%goddess she usually a""ears as the sister of Enlil. &inhursag means *Lad y of the oothills*. She had many other names= &intur *Lady -irth*! &inmah *Lad y 'ugust*! ;ingirmah! 'ruru! and as wife of Enki was usually called ;amgalnunna. In 'kkadian she was -elit%ili *Lady of the Gods* and )ama and as wife to Ea! Enki*s 'kkadian counter"art! she was called ;amkina. $er "restige decreased as Ishtar*s increased! but her as"ect as ;amkina mother of )arduk! the su"reme god of -abylonia! still held a secure "lace in the "antheon. In union with Enki she also bore &insar! goddess of the "asture. She was the chief nurse! the one in charge of medical medica l facilities. In that role that the Goddess was called &I&TI ?lady%life@. She was considered the )other Goddess. She was nicknamed *)ammu* % now called *mother* *mom*. &inhursag bore a male child to Enlil. $is name was &I&.>9.T' &I&.>9.T' ?lord ?lord who com"letes the fountain@. $e was the son who to do battle for his father using bolts of lightening. In Egy"t she "layed the roles of several creational goddesses % )aat %% Isis Isis and and $athor 6,ow Goddess % )ilk Symbology7 ENKI OR EA
Ea stands in his watery home the '"su.
Enki walks out of the water to the land. Enki is attended by a god with two faces called >smu ?Isimud@.
Enki with the Gods and the Initiate. The 5ater 5ater of Life flowing into the laboratory glassware indicates alchemical circulations.
5ithin his sacred "recinct *)ound of ,reation* in Eridu! Enki unraveled the secrets of life and death. $is emblem was two ser"ents 6twin human ;&'7 entwined on a staff % the basis for the winged caduceus symbol used by modern 5estern 5estern medicine. Enki was the god who created the first humans. $is sacred number is 4. Enki was the leader of the first sons of 'nu 'nu that came down to Earth. $e "layed the "ivotal role in saving humanity from the global ;eluge. $e defied the 'nunnaki ruling council and told Biusudra ?the Sumerian &oah@ how to build a shi" on which to save humanity from the killing flood. Ea would have been over 12 sars old at that time! yet his activity with humanity continued to be b e actively re"orted for thousands of years thereafter. ,reation of first man by 'nunnaki
Laboratory vessels and Tree of Life Enki*s youngest son! &ingiAAida! was Lord of the Tree of Truth! Truth! in )eso"otamia. $e "layed the role of Thoth Thoth in in Egy"t and $ermes $ermes the the )agician % the 'lchemist. The ancient )ystery School Teachings Teachings of Thoth were "ast down to his Initiates who became the "riests. They hid the secret knowledge of creation! "assing it down through the ages % Sacred Geometry Geometry.. Enki was a deity in Sumerian mythology! mythology! later known as Ea in -abylonian mythology. The name Ea is of o f Sumerian origin and was written by means of two signs signifying (house( and (water(. Enki was the deity of water! intelligence and creation. The main tem"le of Enki was the so%called %engur%ra! the (house of the ?water%@dee"(< it was in Eridu! which was in the wetlands of the Eu"hrates valley at some distance d istance from the +ersian Gulf. $e was the kee"er kee"e r of the holy "owers called )e. The e3act meaning of his name is not sure= the common translation is (Lord of the Earth(= the Sumerian en is translated as (lord(! ki as (earth(< but there are theories that ki in this name has another origin.$e is the lord of the '"su! the watery abyss. $is name is "ossibly an e"ithet bestowed on him for the creation of the first man! 6'damu or 'da"a. $is symbols included a goat and a fish! which later combined into a single beast! the ,a"ricorn! which became one of the signs of the Aodiac. Enki had a "enchant for beer and a string of
incestuous affairs. irst! he and his consort &inhursag had a d aughter &insar. $e then had intercourse with &insar who gave birth to &inkurra. inally! he had intercourse with &inkurra! who gave birth to >ttu. 'ccording to Sumerian mythology! Enki allowed humanity to survive the ;eluge designed to kill them. 'fter Enlil! 'n and the rest of the a""arent ,ouncil of ;eities! decided that )an would suffer total annihilation! he covertly rescued the human man Biusudra by either instructing him to build some kind of an boat for his family! or by bringing him into the heavens in a magic boat. This is a""arently the oldest surviving source of the &oah*s 'rk myth and other "arallel )iddle Eastern ;eluge myths. Enki was considered a god of life and re"lenishment! and was often de"icted with streams of water emanating from his shoulders. 'longside him were trees symboliAing the male and female as"ects of nature! each holding the male and female as"ects of the *Life Essence*! which he! as a""arent alchemist of the gods! would masterfully mi3 to create several beings that would live u"on the face of the Earth. Eridu! meaning (the good city(! was one of the oldest settlements in the Eu"hrates valley! and is now re"resented by b y the mounds known as 'bu Shahrein. In the ab sence of e3cavations on that site! we are de"endent for our knowledge of Ea on material found elsewhere. This is! however! sufficient to enable us to state definitely that Ea was a water% deity! deity! lord es"ecially of the water under u nder the earth! the '"su. 5hether Ea ?or '%e as some scholars "refer@ re"resents the real "ronunciation of his name we do not know. 8lder accounts sometimes su""ose that by reason of the constant accumulation of soil in the Eu"hrates valley Eridu was formerly situated on the +ersian Gulf itself ?as indicated by mention in Sumerian te3ts of its being on the '"su@! '"su@! but it is now known that the o""osite is true! that the waters of the +ersian Gulf have been eroding the land and that the '"su must refer to the fresh water of the marshes surrounding the city. Ea is figured as a man covered with the body of a fish! and this re"resentation! as likewise the name of his tem"le E%a"su! (house of the watery dee"(! "oints decidedly to his character as a god of the waters. 8f his cult at Eridu! which goes back to the oldest o ldest "eriod of -abylonian history! history! nothing definite is known e3ce"t that his tem"le was named Esaggila : (the lofty house(! "ointing to a staged tower ?as with the tem"le of Enlil at &i""ur! which was known as Ekur : (mountain house(@! and that incantations! involving ceremonial rites! in which water as a sacred element "layed a "rominent "art! formed a feature of his worshi". 5hether Eridu at one time also "layed "la yed an im"ortant "olitical role is not certain! though not im"robable. 't all events! the "rominence of the Ea cult led! as in the case of &i""ur! to the survival of Eridu as a sacred city! city! long after it had ceased to have any significance as a "olitical center. )yths in which Ea figures "rominently have been found in 'ssurbani"al*s library! indicating that Ea was regarded as the "rotector and teacher of mankind. $e is essentially a god of civiliAation! and it was natural that he was also looked u"on as the creator of man! and of the world in general.
Traces of this view a""ear in the )arduk e"ic celebrating the achievements of this god! and the close connection between the Ea cult at Eridu and that of )arduk also follows from two considerations= •
•
the name of )arduk*s sanctuary at -abylon bears the same name! Esaggila! as that of Ea in Eridu )arduk is generally termed the son of Ea! who derives his "owers from the voluntary abdication of the father in favor of his son.
'ccordingly! 'ccordingly! the incantations originally com"osed for the Ea cult were re%edited by the "riests of -abylon and ada"ted to the worshi" of )arduk! and! similarly! similarly! the hymns to )arduk betray traces of the transfer of attributes to )arduk which originally belonged to Ea. It is! however! more "articularly as the third figure in the triad! the two other members of which were 'nu and Enlil! that Ea acuires his "ermanent "lace in the "antheon. To him was assigned the control of the watery element! and in this ca"acity he becomes the shar a"si! i.e. king of the '"su or (the dee".( The '"su was figured as the ab yss of water beneath the earth! and since the gathering "lace of the dead! known as 'ralu! was situated near the confines of the '"su! he was also designated as En%Ki! i.e. (lord of that which is below(! in contrast to 'nu! who was the lord of the the (above( or the heavens. The cult of Ea e3tended e3 tended throughout -abylonia and 'ssyria. 5e 5e find tem"les and shrines erected in his honor! e.g. at &i""ur! Girsu! >r! -abylon! Si""ar and &ineveh! and the numerous e"ithets given to him! as well as the various forms under which the god a""ears! alike bear witness to the "o"ularity which he en#oyed from the earliest to the latest "eriod of -abylonian%'ssyrian history. The consort of Ea! known kn own as ;amkina! (lady of that which is below!( or ;amgalnunna! (great lady of the waters!( re"resents a "ale reflection of Ea and "lays a "art merely in association with her lord. ENLIL
Enlil was the name of a chief deity in -abylonian religion! "erha"s "ronounced and sometimes rendered in translations as Ellil in later 'kkadian. The name is Sumerian and has been believed to mean *Lord 5ind* though a more literal inter"retation is *Lord of the ,ommand*. Enlil was the god of wind! or the sky between earth and heaven. 8ne story has him originate as the e3hausted breath of 'n ?God of the heavens@ and Ki ?goddess of the Earth@ after se3ual union. 'nother accounts is that he and h is sister &inhursagH&inmahH'ruru were children of an obscure god Enki *Lord Earth* ?not the famous Enki@ by &inki *Lady Earth*. 5hen Enlil was a young god! he was banished from ;ilmun! home of the gods! to Kur! the underworld for ra"ing a young girl named &inlil. &inlil followed him to the underworld where she bore his first child! the moon god Sin. 'fter fathering three more underworld deities! Enlil was allowed to return to ;ilmun. Enlil was also known as the inventor of the "icka3eHhoe ?favorite tool of the Sumerians@ and the cause of "lants growing. $e was in "ossession of the holy )e! until he gave them to Enki for safe kee"ing! who summarily lost them to Inanna in a drunken stu"or. Enlil*s relation to 'n *Sky*! in theory the su"reme god of the Sumerian "antheon! was somewhat like that of a rankish mayor of the "alace com"ared to the king! or that of a
a"anese shogun com"ared to the em"eror! or to a "rime minister in a modern constitutional monarchy com"ared to the su""osed monarch. 5hile 'n was in name ruler in the highest heavens! it was Enlil who mostly did the actual ruling ov er the world. -y his wife &inlil or Sud! Enlil was father of the moon god &anna ?in 'kkadian Sin@ and of &inurta ?also called &ingirsu@. Enlil is sometimes father of &ergal! of &isaba the goddess of grain! of +abilsag who is sometimes euated with &inurta! and sometimes of Enbilulu. -y Ereshkigal Enlil was father of &amtar. &amtar. Enlil is associated with the ancient city of &i""ur! and since Enlu with the determinative for (land( or (district( is a common method of writing the name of the city! city! it follows! a"art from other evidence! that Enlil was originally the "atron deity of &i""ur. 't a very early "eriod % "rior to / -, % &i""ur had become the centre of a "olitical district of considerable e3tent. Inscri"tions found at &i""ur! where e3tensive e3cavations were carried on during 1JJJ%1F by )essrs +eters and $aynes! under the aus"ices of the >niversity of +ennsylvania! show that Enlil was the head of an e3tensive "antheon. 'mong the titles accorded to him are (king of lands!( (king of heaven and earth( and (father of the gods(. $is chief tem"le at &i""ur was known as Ekur! signifying *$ouse of the mountain*! and such was the sanctity acuired by b y this edifice that -abylonian and 'ssyrian rulers! down to the latest days! vied with one on e another in embellishing and restoring Enlil*s seat of worshi"! and the name Ekur became the designation of a tem"le in general. Grou"ed around the main sanctuary! sanctuary! there arose tem"les and cha"els to the gods and goddesses who formed his court! so that Ekur became the name for an entire sacred "recinct in the city of &i""ur. The name (mountain house( suggests a lofty structure and was "erha"s the designation originally of the staged tower at &i""ur! built in imitation of a mountain! with the sacred shrine of the god on the to". 5hen! with the "olitical rise of -abylon -ab ylon as the centre of a great em"ire! e m"ire! &i""ur yielded its "rerogatives to the city over which )arduk "resided! the attributes and the titles of Enlil were largely transferred to )arduk. -ut Enlil did not! however! entirely lose his right to have any considerable "olitical im"ortance! while in addition the doctrine of a triad of gods symboliAing the three divisions % heavens! earth and water % assured to Enlil! to whom the earth was assigned as his "rovince! his "lace in the religious system. It was no doubt in "art Enlil*s "osition as the second figure of the triad that enabled him to survive the "olitical ecli"se of &i""ur and made his sanctuary a "lace of "ilgrimage to which 'ssyrian kings down to the days of 'ssur%bani%"al "aid their homage eually with -abylonian rulers.
The Sumerian ideogram for Enlil or Ellil was formerly incorrectly read as -el by scholars! but in fact Enlil was not es"ecially given the title -el *Lord* more than many other gods. The -abylonian god )arduk is mostly the god "ersistently called -el in late 'ssyrian 'ssyrian and -abylonian inscri"tions and it is )arduk that mostly a"" ears in Greek and Latin te3ts as -elos or -elus. 9eferences in older literature to En lil as the old -el and )arduk as the young -el derive from this error in reading. Biggurat of Enlil at &i""ur
ANSHAR
In 'kkadian mythology and Sumerian Su merian mythology! 'nshar ?also 'nshur! 'nshur! 'shur! 'shur! 'sshur@ is the sky god. $e is the husband of his sister Kishar< they are the children of Lahmu and Lahamu! and the "arents of 'nu and Ea ?and! in some traditions! Enlil@. $e is sometimes de"icted as having ha ving &inlil as a consort. 's 'nshar! he is "rogenitor of the 'kkadian "antheon< as 'shur! 'shur! he is the head of the 'ssyrian 'ssyrian "antheon. 'nshar led the gods in the war against Tiamat.
5inged 'ssur is "ortrayed looking like the aravahar or or Boroaster ?B@. ?B@.
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