Muhammad Rizky Rochmawan 0203515032 Systemic Functional Linguistics
The analysis of context of culture and context of situation in the speech of Hirohito Emperor Emperor
TO OUR GOOD AND LOYAL SUBJECTS:
After pondering deeply the general trends of the world and the actual conditions obtaining in Our Empire today, We have decided to effect a settlement of the present situation by resorting to an extraordinary measure. We have ordered Our Government to communicate to the Governments of the United States, Great Britain, China and the Soviet Union that Our Empire accepts the provisions of their Joint Declaration. To strive for the common prosperity and happiness of all nations as well as the security and well being being of Our subject subjectss is the the solem solemn n obli obligati gation whi which has been handed handed down by Our Imperi Imperial al Ancestors and whi which lies close to Our heart. heart. Indeed, We declared war on America and Britain out of Our sincere desire to ensure Japan's self preservat preservatiion and and the the stabil stabilization ation of East East Asia, Asia, it being being far from Our thoug though ht eith either er to infring ringee upon the the sovereignty sovereignty of other nations nations or to embark embark upon territori territoriaa l aggrandizeme aggrandizeme nt. But now the war has lasted for nearly four years. Despite the best that has been done by everyone – everyone – the gallant fighting of the military and naval forces, the diligence and assiduity of Our servants of the State, and the devoted service of Our one hundred million people – people – the war situation has developed not necessarily to Japan's advantage, while the general trends of the world have all turned turned against her intere interest. st. Moreover, the enemy has begun to employ a new and most cruel bomb, the power of which to do damage is, indeed, incalculable, taking the toll of many innocent lives. Should We continue to fight, not only would it result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also itit would would lead to the total tota l extinct extinctiio n of human human civili civilizat zatio ion. n.
Such being the case, how are We to save the millions of Our subjects, or to atone Ourselves before the hallowed spirits of Our Imperial Ancestors? This is the reason why We have ordered the acceptance of the provisions of the Joint Declaration of the Powers. We cannot but express the deepest sense of regret to Our Allied nations of East Asia, who have consistently cooperated with the Empire towards the emancipation of East Asia. The thought of those officers and men as well as others who have fallen in the fields of battle, those who died at their posts of duty, or those who met with untimely death and all their bereaved families, pains Our heart night and day. The welfare of the wounded and the war-sufferers, and of those who have lost their homes and livelihood, are the objects of Our profound solicitude. The hardships and sufferings to which Our nation is to be subjected hereafter will be certainly great. We are keenly aware of the inmost feelings of all of you, Our subjects. However, it is according to the dictates of time and fate that We have resolved to pave the way for a grand peace for all the generations to come by enduring the unendurable and suffering what is unsufferable. Having been able to safeguard and maintain the structure of the Imperial State, We are always with you, Our good and loyal subjects, relying upon your sincerity and integr ity. Beware most strictly of any outbursts of emotion which may engender needless complications, or any fraternal contention and strife which may create confusion, lead you astray and cause you to lose the confidence of the world. Let the entire nation continue as one family from generation to generation, ever firm in its faith in the imperishability of its sacred land, and mindful of its heavy burden of responsibility, and of the long road before it. Unite your total strength, to be devoted to construction for the future. Cultivate the ways of rectitude, foster nobility of spirit, and work with resolution – so that you may enhance the innate glory of the Imperial State and keep pace with the progress of the world. (Hirohito's signature and Privy Seal) August 14, 1945
Context of culture: This is the speech of Hirohito, the Emperor of Japan that was broadcasted in the August 1945 as the impact of the Bombing attack in Japan that represents the Japan’s defeat in World War II. The Emperor Hirohito wanted to end the war after Japan was bombed especially at Nagasaki and Hirosima and given a worst damage to Japan, by the American Army. Although it was dishonor to surrender in the war (based on the Japanese Imperial belief), the Emperor Hirohito still did the broadcasting speech to end the war. In delivering his speech, Hirohito did not represent the surrender directly to the world, but the statement he made was arranged well so that the surrender was delivered implicitly. The Emperor Hirohito delivered his speech of surrender implicitly in order to avoid the disappointment of the Japan civilizations. In his speech, first, Hirohito told the civilizations that Japan Empire has decided settlement and accepted the provisions of Joint declaration with the enemy such as; United States, Great Britain, China and Soviet Union. It can be found from the statement: We have ordered Our Government to communicate to the Governments of the United States, Great Britain, China and the Sov iet Union that Our Empire accepts the provisions of their Joint Declaration.
Then Hirohito stated about the purpose of the settlement and also the reason of it. The evidence can be found in this statement. To strive for the common prosperity and happiness of all nations as well as the security and well-being of Our subjects is the solemn obligation which has been handed down by Our Imperial Ancestors and which lies close to Our heart.
And also, he explained that the War has ended Indeed, We declared war on America and Britain out of Our sincere desire to ensure Japan's self-preservation and the stabilization of East Asia, it being far from Our thought either to infringe upon the sovereignty of other nations or to embark upon territorial aggrandizement.
Hirohito’s speech also stated about his appreciation and condolence toward the Japanese Empire Armies that have fought in the battlefield. The thought of those officers and men as well as others who have fallen in the fields of battle, those who died at their posts of duty, or those who met with untimely death and all their bereaved families, pains Our heart night and day.
In the end of his speech, Hirohito stated his hope to the Japan civilizations after the war has been ended and persuade the Japanese people to live in harmony. Beware most strictly of any outbursts of emotion which may engender needless complications, or any fraternal contention and strife which may create confusion, lead you astray and cause you to lose the confidence of the world. Let the entire nation continue as one family from generation t o generation, ev er firm in its faith in the imperishability of its sacred land, and mindful of its heavy burden of responsibility, and of the long road before it. Unite your total strength, to be devoted to construction for the future. Cultivate the ways of rectitude, foster nobility of spirit, and work with resolution – so that you may enhance the innate glory of the Imperial State and keep pace with the progress of the world.
Context of situation 1. Field The field of the Hirohito’s speech is about the surrender of Japan to his enemy in World War II. Through this speech, Emperor Hirohito expressed his reason and purpose why Japan should decide a settlement and accept the declaration to the enemy. We have ordered Our Government to communicate to the Governments of the United States, Great Britain, China and the Sov iet Union that Our Empire accepts the provisions of their Joint Declaration.
To strive for the common prosperity and happiness of all nations as well as the security and well-being of Our subjects is the solemn obligation which has been handed down by Our Imperial Ancestors and which lies close to Our heart. Indeed, We declared war on America and Britain out of Our sincere desire to ensure Japan's self-preservation and the stabilization of East Asia, it being far from Our thought either to infringe upon the sovereignty of other nations or to embark upon territorial aggrandizement. But now the war has lasted for nearly four years. Despite the best that has been done by everyone – the gallant fighting of the military and naval forces, the diligence and assiduity of Our serv ants of the State, and the devot ed service of Our one hundred million people – the war situation has developed not necessarily to Japan's advantage, while the general trends of the world have all turned against her interest. Moreover, the enemy has begun to employ a new and most cruel bomb, the power of which to do damage is, indeed, incalculable, taking the toll of many innocent lives. Should We continue to fight, not only would it result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead t o the total ext inction of human civilization. Such being the case, how are We to save the millions of Our subjects, or to atone Ourselves before the hallowed spirits of Our Imperial Ancestors? This is the reason why We have ordered the acceptance of the provisions of the Joint Declaration of the Powers.
Emperor Hirohito also showed his regret, appreciation and condolence to the Army and Army’s family of Japan who have fought during the War. We cannot but express the deepest sense of regret to Our Allied nations of East Asia, who have consistently cooperated with the Empire towards the emancipation of East Asia.
The thought of those officers and men as well as others who have fallen in the fields of battle, those who died at their posts of duty, or those who met with untimely death and all their bereaved families, pains Our heart night and day.
And in the end of his speech, Emperor Hirohito also stated his hope after the settlement has been made for the peacefulness of Japan future. Beware most strictly of any outbursts of emotion which may engender needless complications, or any fraternal contention and strife which may create confusion, lead you astray and cause you to lose t he confidence of the world. Let the entire nation continue as one family from generation t o generation, ev er firm in its faith in the imperishability of its sacred land, and mindful of its heavy burden of responsibility, and of the long road before it. Unite your total strength, to be devoted to construction for the future. Cultivate the ways of rectitude, foster nobility of spirit, and work with resolution – so that you may enhance the innate glory of the Imperial State and keep pace with the progress of the world.
2. Tenor The tenor of this text is about the relationship between Emperor Hirohito and Japanese people. It can be seen from the use of the subject in the speech. After pondering deeply the general trends of the world and the actual conditions obtaining in Our Empire today, We have decided to effect a settlement of the present situation by resorting to an extraordinary measure. We have ordered Our Government to communicate to the Governments of the United States, Great Britain, China and the Soviet Union that Our Empire accepts the provisions of their Joint Declaration.
The use of subject “we” and “our” represent as the Japanese people voice which were represented by Emperor Hirohito. The text also use the subject “you”. It refers to the loyal the Japanese Army that have fought for Japan Empire. Here, Emperor Hirohito wanted to express his and his civilization feeling of appreciation and condolence to the Japanese Army (those who are good and loyal) Having been able to safeguard and maintain t he structure of the Imperial State, We are always with you, Our good and loyal subjects, relying upon your sincerity and integrity.
3. Mode The mode used in the text is spoken language, because it is a speech there are many imperative sentence used in the text. It can be found in the final parts of the speech Beware most strictly of any outbursts of emotion….. Let the entire nation continue as one family from generation to generation…. Unite your total strength, to be devoted to construction for the future. Cultivate the ways of
rectitude, foster nobility of spirit, and work with resolution - …..
