AN302G01

Introduction to partitioning

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010 Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.

5.4

Unit objectives IBM Power Systems

After completing this unit, you should be able to: • Describe the following terms: – Partition, logical partition (LPAR), resource

• Describe the benefits of partitioning • Describe the following partition concepts: – – – – –

Dynamic logical partitioning Micro-partitioning Virtual I/O Live Partition Mobility (LPM) Capacity on demand (CoD)

• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC) • Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor • Describe the overall process for configuring partitions • List references for IBM POWER5, POWER6, and POWER7 processor-based system partitioning © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

What is a partition? IBM Power Systems

• Partition: – The allocation of one system’s resources to create logically separate systems – An independent operating environment

From one to many

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Physical partition IBM Power Systems

• Physical partition: – Resources are allocated in physical building blocks. – Blocks contain groups of processors, memory, and I/O slots. Interconnect

SMP building block

SMP building block

Operating system CPU, memory, and I/O

CPU, memory, and I/O

Physical partition


SMP building block

Operating system CPU, memory, and I/O

Physical partition

Logical partition IBM Power Systems

• A partition is the allocation of system resources to create logically separate systems within the same physical footprint. • A logical partition exists when the isolation is implemented with firmware. – Not based on physical system building block – Provides configuration flexibility

SYS1 1:00 Japan

SYS2 10:00 USA

SYS3 11:00 Brazil

SYS4 12:00 UK

O RG RESS O

ORDEMEP

AIX 5L Linux AIX 5L i5/OS


Partition characteristics IBM Power Systems

• Each partition has its own: – Operating system – Licensed Internal Code (LIC) and Open Firmware – Console – Resources – Other things expected in a stand-alone operating system environment, such as: • Problem logs • Data (libraries, objects, file systems) • Performance characteristics • Network identity • Date and time


Partition resources IBM Power Systems

• Resources are allocated to partitions. – Memory allocated in units as small as the LMB size – Dedicated whole processors or shared processing units – Individual I/O slots • Including virtual devices

• Some resources can be shared. – Virtual devices – Host Ethernet adapter

• Some core system components are inherently shared. AIX PPPPP MMM SSSS

Linux PP MM SSSS


AIX PPP MM SSSS S = I/O Slot M = Memory P = Processor

LPAR resource example IBM Power Systems

• Flexibility to allocate resources depending on need • With DLPAR operations, resources can be moved, removed, or added with a restarting the partition. LPAR 1

LPAR 2

LPAR 3

LPAR 4

Processors

Memory I/O slots


IBM POWER5+ LPAR-capable systems IBM Power Systems

• IBM POWER5+ processor-based LPAR-capable systems: – IBM System p5 entry, mid-range, and high-end servers – Example models: • IBM System p5 505 • IBM System p5 510 • IBM System p5 520 • IBM System p5 550 • IBM System p5 560 • IBM System p5 570 • IBM System p5 575 • IBM System p5 590 • IBM System p5 595

Visit http://www.ibm.com for latest list of models. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

IBM POWER6 LPAR-capable systems IBM Power Systems

• IBM POWER6 processor-based LPAR-capable systems: – Entry, mid-range, and high-end servers – IBM Power Systems – Example models: • IBM Power Blade Express servers • IBM Power 520 • IBM Power 550 • IBM Power 560 • IBM Power 570 • IBM Power 575 • IBM Power 595


IBM POWER7 LPAR-capable systems IBM Power Systems

• IBM POWER7 processor-based LPAR-capable systems: – IBM Power Systems – Example models: • IBM BladeCenter PS700/701/702 Express • IBM Power 750 • IBM Power 770 • IBM Power 780 • IBM Power 755


Benefits of using partitions IBM Power Systems

• Capacity management: – Flexibility to allocate resources

• Consolidation: – Consolidate hardware, floor space, software licenses, support contracts, and in-house support and operations – Efficient use of resources

• Application isolation on a single frame: – Separate workloads – Guaranteed resources – Data integrity

• Merge production and test environments: – Test on same hardware

The ability to have virtual Ethernet and virtual I/O devices is a benefit to using POWER5, POWER6, and POWER7 processor-based partitions. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Software licensing IBM Power Systems

• Licensing is per operating system and is based on processing power. – Partial processor and shared processor pool features affect licensing.

• Third-party application provider licenses will vary.

Other software

Operating systems

IBM hardware © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

POWER Hypervisor functions IBM Power Systems

• The POWER Hypervisor is firmware that provides: – Virtual memory management: • Controls page table and I/O access • Manages real memory addresses versus offset memory addresses – Virtual console support – Security and isolation between partitions: • Partitions allowed access only to resources allocated to them (enforced by the POWER Hypervisor) – Shared processor pool management

LPAR 1

LPAR 2

LPAR 3

LPAR 4

POWER Hypervisor System hardware (memory, processors, devices) © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Security and isolation barriers

Hardware Management Console IBM Power Systems

• The HMC provides: – Virtual console windows – LPAR configuration and operation management – Capacity on demand (CoD) management – Service tools – Access to LPM function

• PC-based console: – Running custom Linux and Java applications – Remotely accessible – Connects to service processor over private or open network

Desktop

Rack-mount © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

The big picture IBM Power Systems

Managed system AIX Partition 1

Unassigned resources

Linux Partition 2

HMC

Non-Volatile RAM

Hypervisor

Service processor

Processors Memory I/O Slots

LPAR allocation tables


Ethernet

Advanced partition features IBM Power Systems

•

Dynamic resource allocation

•

Advanced processor concepts

•

Virtual I/O

•

Integrated Virtual Ethernet

•

Active Memory Sharing

•

Live Partition Mobility

•

Capacity on demand


Dynamic partitioning IBM Power Systems

• DLPAR is the ability to add, remove, or move resources between partitions without restarting the partitions. • Resources include: – Processors, memory, and I/O slots – Add and remove virtual devices

• Security and isolation between LPARs are not compromised. – A partition sees its own resources plus other available virtual resources. – Resources are reset when moved.

• Applications might or might not be DLPAR-aware.

DLPAR allows you to react to changing resource needs. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

How DLPAR works IBM Power Systems

1 HMC

HMC command 2 3

3 Partition B

Partition A

Hypervisor 4 © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Processor concepts IBM Power Systems

Logical

LPAR

LPAR

LPAR

Virtual Shared Dedicated Inactive (CoD)

Deconfigured

Physical (installed) Shared processor pool © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Micro-partitioning: Shared processor pool IBM Power Systems

• Time sliced sub-processor allocations are dispatched according to demand and entitled capacity. – This example shows one 10 ms time slice, seven running partitions, and four processors. Physical processors

P

P

P

P 10ms

Shared processor pool © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3 Partition 4 Partition 5 Partition 6 Partition 7

Multiple shared processor pools IBM Power Systems

Shared processor pooln Shared processor pool1 Shared processor pool0 Set of micro-partitions

LPAR1 LPAR2 LPAR5 LPAR6

Set of micro-partitions

Set of micro-partitions

LPAR LPAR3 LPAR4

Up to 64 shared processor pools

LPAR

Shared Dedicated

Physical processors Physical shared processor pool © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Virtual I/O IBM Power Systems

• Each partition has virtual I/O slots. – Configurable for each partition

• Virtual slots can have a virtual adapter instance. – Ethernet, SCSI, or Fibre Channel

• Virtual I/O slots can be dynamically added or removed just like physical I/O slots. – Cannot be dynamically moved to another partition


Virtual I/O example IBM Power Systems

Client partition Virtual Ethernet Virtual Ethernet Client adapter DMA buffer

Virtual I/O Server partition

Virtual switch

Virtual Ethernet

Device DM A

Physical Ethernet

Virtual Disk Logical disk

Hypervisor

SCSI RDMA protocol

Layer 2 bridge

Physical network

Server adapter

Device mapping

transfer

SCSI, SSA, FC physical or logical disks © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Integrated Virtual Ethernet IBM Power Systems

• Also referred to as host Ethernet adapter: – Included in all POWER6 and POWER7 system configurations (except high-end)

• Provides network connectivity for LPARs without a Virtual I/O Server: – Integrated high-speed Ethernet ports with hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities – Offers virtualization support for Ethernet connections

• Three types are available: – Two port 1 Gbpsa (default) – Four port 1 Gbpsa – Two port 10 Gbpsb

• Connected to the GX+ bus: – An LHEA must be created on the logical partition. a = RJ45 b = fiber


IVE example IBM Power Systems

AIX LPAR

ent

ent

Linux LPAR

eth

Layer 2 switch

Layer 2 switch

Physical port

Physical port

Physical network © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Physical network

Active Memory Sharing IBM Power Systems

• Active Memory Sharing (AMS) allows multiple LPARs to share a common pool of physical memory. –

AMS intelligently assigns memory from one partition to another based on memory page demands. • Optimizes memory utilization and provides flexible memory usage

LPAR1

LPAR2

LPAR3

Power Hypervisor

Virtual I/O Server

AMS shared memory pool

Paging devices

Physical memory © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Live Partition Mobility IBM Power Systems

• Migration or movement of an LPAR from one physical server to another • Useful for: – Reducing the impact of planned outages and increasing application availability – Workload balancing and consolidation – Relocation of workload to enable workload – Provision of new technology with no disruption to service (migration to newer systems)

• Requirements: P1

P2

P3

VIOS

– POWER6 or POWER7 systems – LPAR must only have virtual adapters

Server 2

VIOS

Server 1

P1

HMC Network


P5

Capacity on demand IBM Power Systems

• Capacity upgrade on demand (CUoD) – Permanent activation of processors or memory

• Trial CoD – No charge 30-day activation of processors or memory resources

• On/Off CoD – Ability to activate processor or memory resources temporarily

• Utility CoD – Additional processor capacity on a temporary basis within the shared processor pool

• Capacity BackUp: – Processors and memory temporarily added to backup server – Prepaid for up to 90 days © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Add reserve resources

PowerVM editions IBM Power Systems

• PowerVM editions hardware features include the following components: PowerVM editions

Express

Standard

Enterprise

3 / Server

10 / Core

10 / Core

VMControl, IVM

VMControl, IVM, HMC

VMControl, IVM, HMC

Virtual I/O Server







PowerVM Lx86







Shared dedicated capacity











Maximum LPARs Management

Multiple shared processor pools



Active Memory Sharing Live Partition Mobility



• PowerVM Standard Edition is standard on the IBM System p5 590 and p5 595 © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Partitioning concepts summary IBM Power Systems

Part#1

Use Virtual

Part#2

Part#3

Part#4

Part#5

Part#6

this layout for all your drawing AIX V6 i5/OS AIX V5needs AIX V6 Linux

I/O Server

Part#7-11 LAN AIXV6/Linux

PPPPPP PPPPPP MMMMM AAAAAA

PPPP PPP MMMM AAAAA

P MMM AAA

MMM AAAA

M AA

MM AAA

AIX 6 Kernel

AIX 6 Kernel

Linux Kernel

i5/OS Kernel

AIX 6 Kernel

AIX 6 Kernel

PPPPPP

Virtual Ethernet

POWER Hypervisor

HMC © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

M M M M M A A Virtual LAN Virtual I/O

O OS O OS O OS O OS O S S S S S

Integrated Virtualization Manager IBM Power Systems

• Provides support for LPARs without a physical HMC: – Manages a single server • IVM software runs in the Virtual I/O Server partition.

– Provides a subset of HMC functionality • Hypervisor has been modified to enable VIOS to manage the partitioned system without an HMC.

– Implicit rule of configuration and setup • It requires that the server not be partitioned. • First operating system installed must be the VIOS.

– Virtual I/O server partition owns all physical I/O • Client partitions can access virtual optical, virtual disk, virtual Ethernet, IVE, and console.

VIOS IVM

AIX V6.1

Linux Linux RHEL5 SLES10

Virtual LAN POWER Hypervisor


LPAR configuration process IBM Power Systems

1

Create Createplan planfor forusage usagemodel modeland andapplications. applications

2 3

Plan Planresources resourcesfor forpartitions. partitions

SetCreate up HMC managed system. andand configure partitions

4 Create Createand andconfigure configurepartitions. partitions 5

Activate Activatepartitions partitionsand andinstall installoperating operationsystems. systems

6

Configure Configureand andtest testservice serviceapplications. applications © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

LPAR references IBM Power Systems

• Documentation: – http://www.ibm.com/support/publications/us/library/ – Software and hardware information centers available – http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/eserver/

• LPAR and PowerVM information: – http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/virtualization/index.html

• IBM Redbooks: – http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/

• Technical support Web sites: – http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/support/unixservers/ – http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/vios/home.html – http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/power5cm/power7.html

• Linux Web site: – http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/linux/

Web links might change over time. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

AN11 course content IBM Power Systems

• System p hardware overview • HMC

• System Planning Tool • HMC maintenance • System power management • Configuring LPARs • Dynamic resource allocation


AN30 course content IBM Power Systems

• Advanced processor concepts • Virtual I/O • Virtual network configurations • VSCSI configurations • IVE

• Service management


Checkpoint (1 of 2) IBM Power Systems

1. True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment. 2. What is it that makes logical partitioning different from physical partitioning? a. Resource assignments are flexible. b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart. c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.

3. Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations? a. All AIX 6 partitions on POWER6 and POWER7 processor-based systems are capable of dynamic resource allocations. b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not moved between partitions. c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move resources.

4. List the types of resources that are configured in partitions. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Checkpoint solutions (1 of 2) IBM Power Systems

1.

True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment.

2.

What is it that makes logical partitioning different from physical partitioning? a. Resource assignments are flexible. b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart. c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.

3.

Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations? a. All AIX 6 partitions on POWER6 and POWER7 processor-based systems are capable of dynamic resource allocations. b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not moved between partitions. c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move resources.

4.

List the types of resources that are configured in partitions. Processors, memory, I/O slots (including the HEA) © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Checkpoint (2 of 2) IBM Power Systems

5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources that can be activated when you need them? 6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions? a. b. c. d.

Better management of resources across operating environments Isolate applications that were all running on one system Better high availability solution Manage operational costs by consolidating resources

7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to partitions? 8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions, configure CoD, and provide access to virtual consoles? 9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to partitions? © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Checkpoint solutions (2 of 2) IBM Power Systems

5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources that can be activated when you need them? Capacity on demand (CoD) 6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions? a. b. c. d.

Better management of resources across operating environments Isolate applications that were all running on one system Better high availability solution Manage operational costs by consolidating resources

7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to partitions? POWER Hypervisor 8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions, configure CoD, and provide access to virtual consoles? HMC or IVM 9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to partitions? Micro-partitioning


Exercise IBM Power Systems

Unit exerc ise


Unit summary IBM Power Systems

Having completed this unit, you should be able to: • Describe the following terms: – Partition, logical partition (LPAR), resource

• Describe the benefits of partitioning • Describe the following partition concepts: – – – – –

Dynamic logical partitioning Micro-partitioning Virtual I/O Live Partition Mobility (LPM) Capacity on demand (CoD)

• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC) • Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor • Describe the overall process for configuring partitions • List references for IBM POWER5, POWER6, and POWER7 processor-based system partitioning © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

AN302G01

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