AN INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT Cons t r uct i onManageme menti sbot hanartandasci ence,andi ss om me et hi ng t hati susual l yqui t ehar dt odo.I ti shar dbecauseonehast ol ookata br oadr angeofv ar i abl es,andt r yandguesswhateffecteac hv ar i abl ewi l l haveonaconst r uct i onpr oj ect .Fore xampl e,aconst r uct i onmanageri nt he mi ddl eofapr o j e c twi l lha v et ot akei nt oac c ountt hef o l l o wi ng : • •
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t heweat her , t heavai l abi l i t yofconst r uct i onwor kerswhoma maybesi ckorma maynot f eell i keshowi ngupf orwork, t hef actt hatsome mema mat er i al sar eoutofst ockj ustwhent heyar e needed, t heav ai l abi l i t yornonav ai l abi l i t yofke yequi pme ntl i kec r ane s, changesma madet ot heexi st i ngdesi gnbyar chi t ect sandcl i ent st he pr evi ouseveni ng, j uggl i ngt hewor kof20ormor edi ffer entt r adesatt hesamet i me, s ur pr i s i ngdi s c ov e r i e sofe l e c t r i c alc abl e sbe l o wt hegr o undt hatno oneknew about , i nspect i onsbygover nmentaut hori t i es
I ti st hei nt e r r e l at i ons hi psbe t we e n al lt he s evar i abl e sandt hee ffe c tt he y wi l lhav eont hepr oj ectt hatcr eat escompl exi t yi npr oj ectmanageme nt . Com mp poundi ngt hesepr obl em ms si st het eam f r om t heowner soft hebui l di ng, whoof t ensi ti ngl asst ower sf arf r om t hecons t r uct i onsi t e,hav el i t t l e under st andi ngoft hedi fficul t i esi nbui l di ngconst ruct i on,anddema mandt hat t hepr oj ectbefini shedbef oret i me. I ti st he s edi ffic ul t i e st hatmakei tbo t he xt r e m me e l yc hal l e ng i ng ,aswe l las ext r eme mel yr ewar di ngi fdoneri ght . Cons t r uct i onmanageme menti sbes tdonebypeopl ewi t hadet ai l edknowl edge o fbui l di ngc ons t r uc t i o n,s uc hasc i v i le ng i ne e r so rar c hi t e c t s .Ho we v e rs ome aspect soft hi swor k,suchasfinanci alpl anni ngorpr ocur eme ment ,canbe donebypeopl ewhodonothav eacons t r uct i onbackgr ound.
Cons t r uct i onmanagementcanbeper f or medbydi ffer entagenci esi na pr oj ect .I tcanbedonebyt hecont r act orsworki ngont hepr oj ect ,byt he owner soft hepr oj ect ,byi ndependentconsul t ant shi r edbyt heowner s,by t hede s i g ne r soft hepr oj e c t ,o rbyt hei nv e s t or si napr oj e c t .I ti si mpor t ant t onot et hateachagencymayhavedi ffer r i ngai msandmot i vat i onsi na pr oj ect .Forexampl e,acont r act ormaywantt oi ncr easet hecost soft he bui l di ng,andanownermaywantt odecr easei t .I ndependentconsul t ant s maywi sht odel ayt hepr oj ect ,ast heyar epai damont hl yf eet omoni t ori t . Themai naspect sofcons t r uct i onmanagementar e: • • • • •
const ruct i onschedul i ng qual i t yc ont r ol cont r actmanage ment pr oc ur ementmanagement const r uct i onfinancemanage ment
Le tusl o okate ac ho ft he s eas pe c t si ndi v i dual l y :
CONSTRUCTI ON SCHEDULI NG
Co ns t r uc t i o ns c he dul i ngi sdo neatt wodi ffe r e ntt i me s .Fi r s t ,i ti sdo neaf t e r t hepl ansar er e ady ,butbe f o r et hewo r ks t ar t satt hes i t e ,i no r de rt owo r k o utat i me l i neandc al c ul at ec ons t r uc t i o nc os t sf o rt hepr o j e c t . Secondl y ,i ti sdoneduri ngt heexecut i onoft hepr oj ect ,whent heact ual schedul emaydi fferf r om t hepl annedschedul eduet odel ays,weat her ,or anynumberofr easons.I nt hi scasei tcanal sobecal l edpr oj ectmoni t ori ng. Const r uct i onsc hedul i ngshoul dbedonebypeopl ewi t hanexce l l ent kno wl e dg eofbui l di ngc ons t r uc t i o n.I ti sus ual l ydo neo ns pe c i al i s e d sof t waresuchasPr i maver a,orMi c r o s of tPr o j e c t . Cons t r uct i onsc hedul i ngdemandsaknowl edgeofwhatr es our ce sar e r equi r edt opr oduceagi venout come.Fore xampl e,t ocompl et eaconcr et e sl abmeasuri ng5, 000f t 2i narea,acont r act ormayre qui r e: • •
2, 500c ubi cf e e to fc onc r e t e 8, 000f t 2off ormwor k( t hemoul di nwhi cht hel i qui dconcr et ei s poured)
10men co ncr e t epumps 4day s
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Of t en,t het i met akent ofini shaj obdependsont her esour cesavai l abl et o t hec o nt r ac t or .
QUALI TYCONTROL
Co ns t r uc t i o ns c he dul i ngi sdo neatt wodi ffe r e ntt i me s .Fi r s t ,i ti sdo ne af t e rt hepl ansar er e ady ,butbe f or et hewor ks t ar t satt hes i t e ,i nor de r t owo r ko utat i me l i neandc al c ul at ec ons t r uc t i o nc os t sf o rt hepr o j e c t . Secondl y ,i ti sdoneduri ngt heexecut i onoft hepr oj ect ,whent heact ual schedul emaydi fferf r om t hepl annedschedul eduet odel ays,weat her , oranynumberofr easons.I nt hi scasei tcanal sobecal l edpr oj ect moni t ori ng. Const r uct i onschedul i ngshoul dbedonebypeopl ewi t hanexce l l ent kno wl e dg eofbui l di ngc ons t r uc t i o n.I ti sus ual l ydo neons pe c i al i s e d sof t war esuchasPr i maver a,orMi c r o s of tPr oj e c t . Const r uct i onsc hedul i ngdemandsaknowl edgeofwhatr esour ce sar e r equi r edt opr oduceagi venout come.Forexampl e,t ocompl et ea concr et esl abmeasuri ng5, 000f t 2i narea,acont r act ormayre qui r e: • • •
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2, 500c ubi cf e e to fc onc r e t e 600Kgofst eelr ei nf orcementbar s 8, 000f t 2off ormwor k( t hemoul di nwhi cht hel i qui dconcr et ei s poured) 10men concr e t epumps 4day s
Of t en,t het i met aken t ofini shaj obdependsont her esour cesavai l abl e t ot hec ont r a c t or .
CONTRACTMANAGEMENT
Cont r actmanagementi sdeal i ngwi t ht hes t andardi ssuest hatcr opup duri ngapr oj ect .Thesei ncl udechecki ngcont r act or' sbi l l sandpayi ngt hem r egul arl y ,anddeal i ngwi t ht henumer ousi ssuest hatcoul doccur ,suchas: •
t hecont r act ordemandsaddi t i onalpaymentf ort hest eelhei s
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pr ovi di ng,becauset houghhi scont r actwassi gnedi n2015,hei s f orc edt obuyst eeli n2017atamuchhi gherr at eduet ogl obal c hang e si nt hepr i c eofs t e e l t hecont r act ordemandsaddi t i onalpaymentf ordumpi ngofdebri s
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becauseamuni ci paldumpi nggr oundhasbeenshut ,andt hedebr i s now hast obet akent oanew si t emuchf ur t heraway t hec ont r act ordemandsanext ensi onof4mont hsbecauset he arc hi t ect sandcl i entmadechangest ot hedesi gnwhi l et hepr oj ectwas under way
PROCUREMENTMANAGEMENT
Pr ocur ementi sahugecomponenti nbui l di ngconst r uct i on.Thi nkoft he v as tar r ayofmat er i al st hatar epr esenti nbui l di ngs:l i ghtfit t i ngs,wi ndows, door s ,l oc ks ,t oi l e tfit t i ngs ,wi r e ,s wi t c he s,ai r c ondi t i oni ngduc t s , wat er pr oofing,el ect r i calt r ansf or mer s,pumps,pl ant s,soundsys t ems :t he l i s ti se ndl e ss . Eachandev er yoneoft hesei t emshast obeor der ed,pai df or ,checkedwhen i tarr i ves,unl oadedf r om t rucks,pl acedi nsecur est orage,andi ssuedt o const r uct i onwor ker s.Damagedi t emsandnonf unct i onali t emsneedt obe r epl aced.Manyi t emsar esour cedi nt ernat i onal l y ,suchasI t al i anmar bl e,or Ger mandoorfit t i ngs . I naddi t i on,i ti si mpe r a t i v et hate ac hi t e m ar r i v eatt hesi t eate xac t l yt he r i g htmo me nt :i fi ti st o oe ar l y ,t he r ei snospac et ost or ei t ,andmone yi s l oc ke dup.I fi ti st ool at e ,t he nt hepr o j e cti sde l ay e d.
CONSTRUCTI ONFI NANCE MANAGEMENT
Al ar gecons t r uct i onpr oj ectcaneatupt ensofmi l l i onsofdol l ar samo nt h. Pl anni ngt hefinancesf orapr oj ecti sakeyact i vi t yf orbot howner sand cont r act ors.Thi spl anni ngdemandsadet ai l edknowl edgeoft hepr oj ect schedul e.Oncet hepr oj ectschedul ei sunder st oodpr oper l y,cal cul at i onscan bemadeofhow muc hmo ne ywi l lber equi r edev er yweeki nor dert okeep
t hepr oj ectr unni ngont i me.Cont i ngencypl anni ngal somustbedonef or t hi ngst hatcoul dgowr ong.