AN ANALYSIS OF COHERENCE IN STRUCTURE OF STUDENTS’ BACKGROUND IN THESIS PROPOSAL
(A Descriptive Analysis Research in the Proposal Thesis of Students’ English Study Program at STAIN Curup in Academic Year 2010-2011) A. Backgr Backgroun ound d of the Resea Research rch
Writing is one of the four skills that have to be developed at school. Among the four skills, writing is the most difficult skill for learner to obtain. 1 Marry Marry stat states es that that ‘wri ‘writi ting ng shou should ld be push pushed ed to expr expres esss stud studen ent’ t’ss idea idea,, experience and feeling’.2 However the students arrange to express their idea in writing, but there are many students don’t have any idea to write, so they fine difficult to start writing. According to Joseph F. Trimmer and Nancy I. Sommers (1984: P.6), ‘Writing is hard work, but writing is also opportunity: to convey something about about yourse yourself, lf, to commun communicat icatee ideas ideas to people people beyond beyond your your immedi immediate ate vicinity, to learn something you didn’t know’. 3 Writing skill is most difficult among reading and speaking by most studen students, ts, but English English studen studentt have have to master master in writin writing g 4. We as students English study program must write by using English, at least we can write bac backg kgro roun und d in prop propos osal al well well (focu (focuss with with cohe cohere renc ncee stru struct ctur uree amon among g paragraphs). Based on the statement, Paul Fournier given definition of coherence that” a text has both relevant content and appropriate structure. So, he divided coherence into two parts, first coherence in content consist of relevance, logic, accur accurac acy y and and effect effectiv iven enes ess. s. Seco Second nd cohe coheren rence ce in stru struct ctur uree cons consis ists ts of 1
Penny UR, A Course in Language Teaching Practice and Theory, Cambridge University Press, Page. 103 2 Finne Curre, Marry, English Second Foreign Language, Regent Publisher Company, NY. 1998, Page. 121 3 Joseph F. Trimmer and Nancy I. Sommers, Writing with a Purpose, Houghton Mifflin Company. USA. 1984, Page. 6 4 Pardiyono, Writing Clues for Better Writing Competence Writing Competence, Yogyakarta. 2006, Page. 9
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introductory elements, thesis statement, paragraph, topic sentence, support, referencing, transition, conclusion and organization. Besides that, background research refers to accessing the collection of previously published and unpublished information about a site, region, or particular topic of interest and it is the first step of all good archaeological investigations, as well as that of all writers of any kind of research paper 5. So, writing background in thesis proposal is not easy, because to make background that coherence. Many students fine some difficulties to start writing, especially in background. Here, some the results of interview to the students who had finished proposal seminar, Soni6 said that “I write a proposal background at the end of the page, because it's so hard to make a sentence that can be connected (coherence). For example, I often put a sentence in a paragraph, then I felt did not fit, and then I move back into other paragraphs”. So it's also happened to Kiki, she said that “I was so hard to write a background in the proposal. For me, I will look for the related theories that related to my thesis title, then I put into the background but I don't know whether it was related or not”. Based on the phenomenon above, the researcher wants to do the research about coherence in structure of students’ background in thesis proposal by students’ English Study Program in Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Curup that have finished proposal seminar. There are some reasons for the researcher to do the research in thesis proposal of students English study program that have finished proposal seminar: first, because the students haven’t through guiding process. Second, the proposal was written by them originally. And the third, they are many student said that ‘writing background is very difficult’. They often write background at the end. From this 5
Retrieved on December, 21 th 2010 at 08.46 am. http://archaeology.about.com/od/baterms/g/background.htm 6 Mahasiswa Program Study Bahasa Inggris, Semester VIIA STAIN Curup. Interview on December 24 th 2010 at 09.46 am
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consideration, the researcher wants to investigate the coherence of writing background that written by students who have finished proposal seminar. There are several related researchers have been done by some other researcher. Such as, the study which was done by Harti Kusriyanti (0655031) in 2010 in Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Curup Rejang Lebong entitled “an analysis of coherence in writing essay” a case study of sixth semester of English Study Program of STAIN Curup 7. This research focuses on the coherence writing essay and the part of essay which not coherence. The second study was been done by Ariani (0455014) in 2008 in Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Curup entitled “an analysis of students’ strategy in writing English paragraph” 8. This research focuses on student’s problems and student’s strategies in writing paragraph. The third study was been done by Nurma Yunita (0355002) in 2007 in Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Curup entitled “an analysis of students’ mastery in writing abstract of thesis”. This research focuses on students’ problem in writing abstract. Based on the related studies above, the researcher finds two primary differences to this research. First, the objective of their study is not in background of thesis proposal. The second, their research doesn’t discuss about the coherence in structure in the background of the thesis proposal. Based on the several research that have been done, this analysis is important to be done, because in this research, the researcher analysis coherence in structure in writing background of thesis proposal are written by the students that have finished proposal seminar, and researcher also hope this analysis can add our knowledge about coherence in structure of students’ background in thesis proposal overall. And also researcher wants to know the coherence in structure in each paragraph in background. 7
Harti Kusriyanti, Nim 0655031. “ An analysis of coherence in writing essay”. STAIN Curup Rejang Lebong. 2010 8 Ariani, Nim 0455014. “an analysis of students’ strategy in writing English paragraph” STAIN Curup Rejang Lebong. 2008
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Based on the explanation above, the researcher wants to investigate “ an analysis of coherence in structure of students’ background in thesis proposal ” B. Identification of Problems
From the background above, the researcher finds several problems. Namely, what are the problems faced by students of English study program in writing background? Does the student’ understand the coherence in writing background? From several identification problems above, the main problems are how is the coherence of each paragraph in background of student’s thesis proposal? How is the overall coherence of students’ background in thesis proposal? C. The Scope of the Research
In conducting this research, the writer limits the problems writing background in thesis proposal of students’ English Study Program at STAIN Curup in Academic Year 2010-2011. In this research, the writer focuses on two problems; first, it is about how is the coherence in structure of students’ in each paragraph in background of thesis proposal? Second, how is the overall coherence of students’ background in thesis proposal? So the researcher will investigate and analyze the coherence of writing background in thesis proposal that written by students. The students are Students’ English study program at STAIN Curup in academic year 2010-2011 who have finished seminar his or her proposal. And they got good mark (A, A-) in writing IV class. D. Research Question
Based on the background of the research, identification and scope of the research, the researcher finds some research questions, they are: 1. How is the coherence of each paragraph in background of student’s thesis proposal?
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2. How is the overall coherence of students’ background in thesis proposal? E. Operational Definition
Depend on the title above, there are two technical terms of it which has to be defined, they are as follow:
1. Coherence in Structure Coherence is product of many different factors, which combine to make every paragraph, every sentence, and every phrase contribute to the meaning of the whole piece. Coherence itself is the product of two factors paragraph unity and sentence cohesion9. In other opinion, coherence is a text has both relevant content and appropriate structure10. So, in this research, coherence is coherence in structure consist of introductory elements, thesis statement, paragraph, topic sentence, support, referencing, transition, conclusion, and organization of writing that made by students’ English study program at STAIN Curup in academic year 2010-2011 who have finished seminar his or her proposal. 2. Background Background research refers to accessing the collection of previously published and unpublished information about a site, region, or particular topic of interest and it is the first step of all good archaeological investigations, as well as that of all writers of any kind of research paper. In this research, writing background is the background is written by students who have finished proposal seminar. 3. Thesis Proposal 9
Retrieved on December, 30 th 2010 at 10.46 pm. From http://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/comp1/coherent.htm 10 Paul Fournier, Strategies for Correct Writing . Printed in the United States of America. Longman, 1955. Page. 39
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Thesis proposal is a text in which you describe your ideas for your dissertation11. In order to get a good thesis done - your thesis proposal needs to be approved and green lights is supposed to be given for you to proceed with writing our dissertation or thesis, it will show your academic input in the knowledge field you pick. Based on the researcher, thesis proposal is a writing in which describe opinion for thesis that written by students who have finished proposal seminar. F. The Objective of the Research
Based on the research question above, the researcher can formulate the objectives of the research, namely: 1. To know the coherence of each paragraph in background of student’s
thesis proposal 2. To know the overall coherence of students’ background in thesis
proposal
G. Significance of the Research
This research is hoped to have usefulness to writer. The significance of the research is sown from two sides, namely theoretical and practical sides. First, theoretical, this research will be the reference for lecturers to know the description of real condition of coherence in structure of writing background in thesis proposal. And this research can give knowledge to the students in write a background in thesis, especially in proposal which coherence in structure. Second, practical, it can be reference for lecturers in proposal seminar who want be advisor or co-advisor. Beside that, as the reference to do research about coherence structure of writing background in thesis proposal more deeply and comprehensively. And this research can help the students in 11
Retrieved on January, 10 th 2011 at 02.22 pm. From http://www.mastersthesiswriting.com/thesis_proposal.html
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writing background in thesis proposal. In order to their writing can be a good paragraph and good background.
H. Organization of the Research
The writer constructs organization of the research, in order to make the reader understand the content of the paper as follows. Chapter I is introduction that consists of background of the research, identification of problem, the scope of the research, research question, objective of the study, operational definition, significance of the research, and organization of the research. Chapter II is review of related literature that consists of the concept of coherence structure, writing background, and thesis proposal. Chapter III is research methodology that consists of kind of the research, object of the research, research instruments, techniques collecting data and techniques of data analysis. Chapter IV is research finding and discussion. Chapter V is conclusion and suggestion that consists of conclusion and suggestion.
I. Review of Related Literature
1. The Concept of Coherence in Structure According to Oshima Allice and Ann Hongue, coherence means that your paragraph is easy to read and understand 12. Richard N Langlois mentions that coherence can be defined writing as a whole 13. On the other
12
Oshima Allice and Ann Hongue. Writing Academic English. Adison Wisely Publishing Company. Massach Ussets MA. 1983 13 Retrieved on December, 30 th 2010 at 10.46 pm. From http://www.scribd.com/doc/25044943/writing-in-english
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hand, Paul Fournier says, coherence is a text has both relevant content and appropriate structure14. So, in this research only focus with coherence in structure. Coherence in structure means that reader can easily find your introductory elements, body paragraph, and conclusion that give a sense of closure. Coherence combines relevant content and appropriate structure15. In academic text, the reader must be able to see a logical sequence in the development of the ideas or arguments. The reader expects introductory element, body paragraph and closure. The facts and arguments should be arranged in logical manner with useful transitions between the ideas. This gives your text cohesion by helping to show how each part of the text related to the other parts. There are parts of coherence in structure: “introductory elements, thesis statement, paragraph, topic sentence, support, referencing, transition, conclusion, and organization”. a. Introductory Elements Introductory elements give same background, presented the task and purpose, and in longer texts, announced the main points 16. To produce a good introduction, always write as if the reader knows nothing about your text. Even when the reader is the person who has asked you to write the text, the write might not remember what the request was. A good introduction must show what is specific to your test. Don’t write an introduction that is so general that you could use it for another text and it would still work. There are several guidelines for writing introductory paragraph: 1.
It must be relevant to the topic
2.
It should not preview the point that will form the body of
paragraph
14
Paul Fournier, Op.Cit Ibid. page.55 16 Ibid. page. xiv 15
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3.
There are should be at least two sentences before the thesis
statement. In other word, the introductory paragraph should be a minimum of three sentences.
b. Thesis Statement Thesis statement is the debatable affirmation expressing an opinion17. In a persuasive or opinion writing background in thesis proposal, your topic must become the subject of your thesis statement. In a literary analysis, a thesis statement can express your intention to demonstrate why your understanding or interpretation of a reading is justified.
c. Paragraph A paragraph is a group of sentences that works together develop a main idea18. The other opinion by Allen Brizze says, ‘a paragraph is a collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic. Learning to write good paragraphs will help you as a writer. Good paragraph also greatly assists your readers in following a piece of writing 19. Paul Fournier says that paragraph is a piece that consists of topic sentence, supporting sentence and concluding sentence20. The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It not only names the topic to one or two areas that can be discussed completely in the space of a single paragraph. The specific area is called the controlling idea. Supporting sentence develop the topic sentence and concluding sentence signals the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important point to remember. 17
Oshima Allice and Ann Hongue. Op.Cit Cynthia A. Boardman and Jia Frydenberg. Writing to Communicate Second Edition. Longman. Page. 4 19 Retrieved on January, 10 th 2011 at 09.46 pm. From http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/606/01 20 Paul Fournier, Op.Cit 18
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d. Topic Sentence A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph because it contains the main idea of the paragraph 21. A good paragraph needs a topic sentence. In the topic sentence, you must indicate what idea you will develop or define in the paragraph. On the other word, topic sentence is a sentence that indicates in a general way what idea or thesis the paragraph is going to deal with 22. Although not all paragraph have clear-cut topic sentences, and despite the fact that topic sentences can occur anywhere in the paragraph (first paragraph, middle paragraph, or last paragraph), an easy way to make sure your reader understands the topic of the paragraph is to put your topic sentence near the beginning of the paragraph.
e. Support Support is there are enough relevant details to support topic sentence. Support helps you show that what you are saying is true. Strong and relevant support makes use of acceptable fact and reference such as scientific, historical or statistical data, or use example to give credibility to the topic sentence of a paragraph. The supporting ideas must be connected to the topic sentence.
f.
Referencing
21
Cynthia A. Boardman and Jia Frydenberg. Op. Cit. page. 19 Retrieved on January, 10 th 2011 at 09.46 pm. From http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/606/01 22
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Referencing is quoted properly when using sources in your support23. A reference uses word written or spoken by someone else. Referencing generally have function. There is in academic writing can help you understood what you read.
g. Transition Transition is guide the reader along the developments of your idea. To make a test to read and understand, you must connect its various parts to achieve cohesion and coherence.
h. Conclusion Conclusion is a conclusion that confirms your idea, makes clear what the reader should remember and limits or expand the scope of your idea. An appropriate conclusion in research report and papers confirm will confirm your thinking, point to what the reader should remember and limit or expand on what you wrote.
i.
Organization Organization is organization helps your reader (definition,
comparison, process) and can be connected to task and purpose. Organization in your writing correct in relation to task and purpose. A reader can see structure in a text by recognizing the development or
23
Retrieved on January, 10 th 2011 at 09.46 pm. From http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/606/01
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ideas in paragraph and by following the sequence of ideas it transition signals.
2. Background
Based on Cynthia A. Boardman and Jia Frydenberg, writing is a continuous
process
of
thinking
and
organizing,
rethinking
and
reorganizing24. Writing is hard work, but writing is also opportunity: to convey something about yourself, to communicate ideas to people beyond your immediate vicinity, to learn something you didn’t know 25. In other opinion, writing is a people communicating trough writing form26. Background research refers to accessing the collection of previously published and unpublished information about a site, region, or particular topic of interest and it is the first step of all good archaeological investigations, as well as that of all writers of any kind of research paper. In this research, background is background is written by students who have finished proposal seminar.
3. Thesis Proposal
Before students write a thesis, students must initially write a proposal. The students who have written proposals should complete a minimum of 120 credits semester. Thesis proposal is a text in which you describe your ideas for your dissertation 27. In order to get a good thesis done - your thesis proposal needs to be approved and green lights is supposed to be given for you to proceed with writing our dissertation or 24
Cynthia A. Boardman and Jia Frydenberg. Op.Cit . Page. 11 Joseph F. Trimmer and Nancy I. Sommers, Op.Cit. Page. 6 26 Allmutal Ally, Op.Cit . Page. 48 27 Retrieved on January, 10 th 2011 at 02.22 pm. From http://www.mastersthesiswriting.com/thesis_proposal.html 25
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thesis, it will show your academic input in the knowledge field you pick. Based on the researcher, thesis proposal is a writing in which describe opinion for thesis that written by students who had finished proposal seminar. J. Review of Related Finding
There are several related researchers have been done by some other researcher. Such as, the study which was done by Harti Kusriyanti (0655031) in 2010 in Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Curup Rejang Lebong entitled “an analysis of coherence in writing essay” a case study of sixth semester of English Study Program of STAIN Curup 28. This research focuses on the coherence writing essay and the part of essay which not coherence. The second study was been done by Ariani (0455014) in 2008 in Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Curup entitled “an analysis of students’ strategy in writing English paragraph” 29. This research focuses on student’s problems and student’s strategies in writing paragraph. The third study was been done by Nurma Yunita (0355002) in 2007 in Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Curup entitled “an analysis of students’ mastery in writing abstract of thesis”. This research focuses on students’ problem in writing abstract. Based on the related studies above, the researcher finds two primary differences to this research. First, the objective of their study is not in background of thesis proposal. The second, their research doesn’t discuss about the coherence structure in writing background of the thesis proposal. K. Research Methodology
28
Harti Kusriyanti, Nim 0655031. “ an analysis of coherence in writing essay” . STAIN Curup Rejang Lebong. 2010 29 Ariani, Nim 0455014. “an analysis of students’ strategy in writing English paragraph” STAIN Curup Rejang Lebong. 2008
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This chapter describes the method used to conduct the research. It consists of more about kind of the research, subject of the research, research instrument, data collecting technique and data analysis technique. 1. Kind of The Research
The research design of this study is descriptive qualitative since it is an investigating a variety of educational problems and issues.30 Danim says that the characters of qualitative descriptive are the data which come from the words, pictures, non-numerical. Even though, there is numerical data, but it is just the supporting data. The data will come from interview, field notes, photos, private document, etc. 31 descriptive method explained the data which has correlation with fact, situation, variable and phenomenon happened when the research are being conducted32. Ari Kunto said that “Descriptive study purpose to collect information about an indication is real condition tendency when the research done.” In this research, the researcher will investigate and analyze the coherence of students’ writing background in thesis proposal who have written originally who haven’t through guiding process by students of English study program academic year 2010-2011.
2. Participant of The Research a. Participant of the research is the students of English study program academic year 2010-2011 who have finished proposal seminar and I choose with the criteria, the students have a good mark (A, A-) in writing IV class, because based on my perception, they have good competence in writing. Especially in writing background. In this case the researcher used purposive sampling. Purposeful sampling seeks 30
Lorraine Rumble Gay. Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Application. New Jersey. 2000. Page. 275 31 Sudarwan Danim. Menjadi Peneliti Kualitatif. 2002. CV Pustaka Setia: Bandung. Page. 16 32 Merry Erayati. Contrastive Analysis between English and Indonesian Voiceless Stops. Published Undergraduate Thesis. Palembang FKIP, Universitas PGRI Palembang. 2006. Page. 20
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information rich cased that can be studied in depth 33. The quality of the research not always depend on the big of sample but also depend on the basic of the research, design of the research, quality of the research process and its preparation. The reason why the researcher choose students who have finished proposal seminar, because their proposals are written originally and they haven’t through guiding process formally. 3. Techniques of Collecting Data
Technique of collecting data is document. Document, is used to refer to any writing or not in addition to recording, such as: the letters, diaries, manuscripts, newspaper editorials, case notes, television scripts and photographs 34. The researcher will collect the data by collecting the documents of students’ proposal that have finished proposal seminar. Because the researcher will analyses the background of thesis proposal. 4. Research Instrument
Based on the data collecting technique above, research instrument of this research is as statement from Lincoln and Guba in Sugiyono: The instrument of choice in naturalistic inquiry is the human, we shall see that other forms of instrumentation may be used in later phases of the inquiry, but the human is the initial and continuing mainstay. But if the human instrument has been used extensively in earlier stages of inquiry, so that the instrument can be constructed that is grounded in the data that the human instrument has product.35 From the explanation above, the researcher will be the key instrument and after that the researcher will use another instruments for 33
Marie C Hoepfl. Choosing Qualitative Research, a Prime for Technology Education Research . Retrieved on January, 10 th 2011 at 02.22 pm. From http://scolar.lib.vt.edu/journals/JTE/v9nl/hoepfl.html 34
34 Syamsuddin dan Vismaia S. Damaianti. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa. 2009. Bandung: PT RosdaKarya. Page. 108 35
Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. 2010. Bandung: Alfabeta . page.306
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completing the data gotten, namely checklist. Checklist is the instruments were used to determine how is the coherence in structure of students’ in each paragraph in writing background of thesis proposal that used by the students of English study program who have finished proposal seminar. The identified the data, the researcher inventoried in the table below: No
1
Element of
Guide to Correlation
Correctio
Coherence in
n of
Structure
coherence Yes No
Introductory Element
a. A good introduction must clear the reason why a background
in
thesis
proposal need to write
b. Don’t write an introduction that is so general that you could use it for another 2
Thesis Statement
text36. a. Thesis statement must be expressed in a complete sentence b. Thesis statement is not a personal preference c. Thesis statement is not a question d. Thesis statement is a not
3
Paragraph
fact a. All the
ideas
in
your
paragraph related to your topic sentence b. Just one main idea in your topic sentence 36
Paul Fournier, Op.Cit. page. 60
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4
Topic Sentence
Topic sentence must indicate what idea you will develop or
5
Support
define in the paragraph The supporting ideas must be connected
6
Referencing
to
the
topic
sentence Used reference have to ask according
to
written
background in thesis proposal 7
Transition
A
background
of
thesis
proposal must be easier to 8
Conclusion
read and understand a. Confirm your thinking b. Write point out what the
9
Organization
reader should remember Check appropriateness to task and purpose
5. Techniques of Data Analysis All the data will be analyzed by these steps, namely: 1. Reading Background in thesis proposal
2. Analyze structure coherence of writing background; there are “introductory elements, thesis statement, paragraph, topic sentence, support, referencing, transition, conclusion, and organization” with guide below. 3. The kind of background of thesis proposal in two classification: a. A background which coherence b. A background which not coherence
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4. Taking conclusion from analysis data.
REFERENCES
Allmutal Ally, the Teaching of Guide Writing to the Student . 1984. University of Sriwijaya Ariani, Nim 0455014. “an analysis of students’ strategy in writing English paragraph” STAIN Curup Rejang Lebong. 2008 Cynthia A. Boardman and Jia Frydenberg. Writing to Communicate, Second Edition . Longman Erayati Merry. Contrastive Analysis between English and Indonesian Voiceless Stops. 2006. Published Undergraduate Thesis. Palembang FKIP, Universitas PGRI Palembang. Finne Curre, Marry, English Second Foreign Language. 1998. Regent Publisher Company, NY. Guba E. G. Toward a methodology of naturalistic inquiry in educational evaluation Monograph 8. Los Angeles: UCLA Center for the Study of Evaluation. 1978 p. accessed on June 04 th 2010 from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/edu/journals/JTE/v9nl/hoepf.html
Harti Kusriyanti, Nim 0655031. “ An analysis of coherence in writing essay” . STAIN Curup Rejang Lebong. 2010 Hoepfl. C. Marie. Choosing Qualitative Research, a Prime for Technology Education Research. Retrieved on January, 10 th 2011 at 02.22 pm. From http://scolar.lib.vt.edu/journals/JTE/v9nl/hoepfl.html Interview with Muhsoni and Kiki Rizki on December 24 th 2010 at 09.46 am Joseph F. Trimmer and Nancy I. Sommers. Writing with a Purpose, Eight Edition. 1984. USA. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Lorraine Rumble Gay. Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Application . 2000. New Jersey.
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Oshima Allice and Ann Hongue. Writing Academic English . 1983. Adison Wisely Publishing Company. Massach Ussets MA. Pardiyono. Writing Clues for Better Writing Competence, 2006. Yogyakarta.
Paul Fournier, Strategies for Correct Writing . 1955. Printed in the United States of America. Longman Penny UR, A Course in Language Teaching Practice and Theory , Cambridge University Press Retrieved on December, 21 th 2010 at 08.46 am. http://archaeology.about.com/od/baterms/g/background.htm
Retrieved on December, 30th 2010 at 10.46 pm. From http://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/comp1/coherent.htm Retrieved on December, 30th 2010 at 10.46 pm. From http://www.scribd.com/doc/25044943/writing-in-english
Retrieved on January, 10 th 2011 at 09.46 pm. From http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/606/01
Retrieved on January, 10 th 2011 at 02.22 pm. From http://www.mastersthesiswriting.com/thesis_proposal.html Sudarwan Danim. Menjadi Peneliti Kualitatif. 2002. CV Pustaka Setia: Bandung
Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. 2010.Bandung: Alfabeta. Syamsuddin dan Vismaia S. Damaianti. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa . 2009. Bandung: PT RosdaKarya
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