Chapter 6 (14th) The Duel for North America 1. Fra France nce Find Finds s a Foot Foothold hold in Canad Canada a 1. France France got a late start in colonizing colonizing America America (like Englan England d and Holland). 1. French were were tardy tardy due due because because during during the the 16th century century they suered oreign wars and issues at home. 1. !o hel" ease Cathol Catholic#$rot ic#$rotestant estant eudi euding% ng% the the Edict of Nantes (1&') was issued. t granted religious toleration to the Huguenots (French $rotestants). *. +ing ,ouis - took took an acti/e inter interest est in in France0 France0s s lands o/erseashe wanted more. 2. 3o% the the French French landed landed in the 3t. ,awrence ,awrence 4i/er in what is today0s 5uebec. 1. 3amuel 3amuel de de Cham"l Cham"lain ain leade leaderr o the the e7"edition and 8Father o 9ew France.: *. Cham"lain Cham"lain was was on good good terms terms with with the local Huron ndians. ndians. He hel"ed the Huron deeat their enemy% the ro;uois. 2. His alliance alliance with with the Huron Huron would become become a "roblem "roblem later later with with the
. 9ew France France didn0t ha/e loads o immigra immigrants nts (as (as did 9ew England). 1. !he Fren French ch "easan "easants ts were were too too "oor "oor to get get themsel/es across the ocean. *. !he Hugu Huguenot enots s were were not "e "ermit rmitted ted to emigrate. *. 9ew Fr Fran ance ce Fa Fans ns ?u ?utt 1. 9ew Franc France e was built built on on the bea/ bea/er er skin skin trade. trade. 1. @oung @oung be bea/ a/er er tra tra"" ""er ers s (coureurs ( coureurs de bois or bois or 8runners o the woods:) "addled canoes into tra""ing lands% worked with the ndians% and hauled out their bea/er skins or sale. 1. !h !hey ey we were re al also so know known n as as voyageurs voyageurs.. *. $lace#names $lace#names were were let behind behind like . !he bea/e bea/err "o"ulat "o"ulation ion e/entu e/entually ally bega began n to run thin.
*. Catholic missionaries tried to con/ert ndians to Christianity. 2. 9ew France grew. 1. Detroit (the 8City o 3traits:) was ounded in 1D1 by Antoine Cadillac to hel" end o the English rom mo/ing into the ?hio alley. *. Louisiana was ounded by Robert de La Salle in 16*. t reached rom the headwaters o the Bississi""i 4i/er down to the ul o Be7ico. 2. !he ertile lands o llinois were 9ew France0s breadbasket. !here they had orts and trading "osts at +askaskia% Cahokia% and incennes. 2. !he Clash o Em"ires 1. England got into some mini#wars in the 1Ds with /arious other nations. . !he
>. !he
>. eorge =ashington naugurates =ar with France 1.
!he
. Ater a wrist#sla""ing% he0s allowed to march away but the French and ndian =ar began. &. lobal =ar and Colonial isunity
1. !hough the "layers were the same% the #renc and 'ndian War was dierent rom the others it had begun in America. *. !he French and ndian =ar was called the 3e/en @ears =ar back in Euro"e. 1. n America% it was EnglandAmerican colonistssome ndian tribes /s. FranceFrench colonistsmore ndian tribes. *. !he belligerents were EnglandAmerica$russia /s. France3"ainAustria4ussia. 2.
Frederick the reat o $russia (ermany)% though outnumbered% held o the French% Austrian% and 4ussian armies. 2. Bany Americans sought strength in unity. !o unite or not was a hot to"ic howe/er. 1. D o the 12 colonies met (1D&>) at the Alban( Congress in Albany% 9@. *. !here%
1.
His amous M Join or DieM cartoon o a disLointed snake (symbolizing the colonies) illustrated his "oint.
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His "lan e/entually ailed though% because the colonies were reluctant to gi/e u" their so/ereignty or "ower. 3till% it was a big ste" toward unityone thatd be re"eated later on. 6.
1.
Ater =ashingtons ailure%
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Clearly% a new style o ighting was needed in America (not the Euro"ean style o ighting in an o"en ield with lines o troo"s).
*. A rash o ndian u"risings s"read across America rom rontier $ennsyl/ania to 9orth Carolina. 4ewards were oered to whites or ndian scal"s. 2.
5uebec was considered im"enetrable with its blus.
2. Ater Bontreal ell to the . !he Treat( of +aris- ./01 was a crushing deeat or France and /ictory or
France was kicked out o 9orth America com"letely. !his meant
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France was allowed to kee" sugar "lantations in the =est ndies and * islands in the 3t. ,awrence or ishing "ur"oses. 2. France was orced to gi/e the ,ouisiana (including 9ew ?rleans) territory to 3"ain. . 4estless Colonists 1. !hese wars and /ictories had eectsO 1. !he
2.
Friction emerged between the u""ity
>.
!he
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?ther Americans didnt want to ight% but wanted ull
6.
?ne maLor beneit o the war was the realization o much in common. !he colonies had been reluctant to unite% but now were sur"rise to realize that they shared things language% traditions% and ideals. !he colonies were bonding. '. =ar0s Fateul Atermath
1.
=ith the war o/er% American colonists roamed reewithout worry o France% and to a large degree% o England. 1.
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!he French took solace in their loss by iguring% M we lost a great em"ire% maybe England will one day lose theirs.M 3"ain was also cri""led. Florida had been a headache because o ndian troubles and runaway sla/es% but 3"ain had been deeated. England was now in control. *. !he ndians recognized their weakened "osition.
1. ?ttawa chie +ontiac led a /iolent u"rising in the ?hio /alley. *.
2.
He had some success initially% but the . ,ondon suddenly issued the +roclamation Line of ./01. 1. !his line was the A""alachian Bountains. *.
t said whites were not "ermitted to cross and settle west o the A""alachian BountainsG that was ndian land.
2.
!he "ur"ose o the "roclamation was to resol/e the ndian issue with the Mout#o# boundsM line. . n 1D6&% 1% wagons let 3alisbury% 9C heading Mu" westM des"ite "roclamation.
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!he
2.
!he scattered but largely went down to the bayous around 9ew ?rleans. !hey broughtde/elo"ed a uni;ue culture that came to be called the M Ca2unsMO 1. !hey brought 4oman Catholicism with them. *. !hey raised sugar cane and sweet "otatoes. 2. !hey s"oke a French dialect. >. !hey began to intermarry with the 3"anish% French% and ermans. &.
!he CaLun culture is a mi7 o a lot o cultures thrown together in a mi7ing "ot and stirred together.
6. !he CaLuns were /ery isolated until the 1'2s. o/. Huey ,ong started building bridges that linked u" the bayous and the "eo"le. 2. Ater the French and ndian =ar (1D62) 5uebec citizens began emigrating to 9ew England. !heir moti/ation was lack o ood in 5uebec. 1. !hese olks ho"ed to return to Canada. *. !hey ke"t their religion (Catholicism) and their language (French). 2. E/en still% English is s"oken today by the CaLuns and French#Canadians in America. >. 5uebec remains today as the strongest testament o France in 9orth America. 1. !he French language is on road signs% in
classrooms% courts% and markets.
