Volume 4 Issue 5 April 201 2 0111
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of India
www.mnre.gov.in
Green Building MOVEMENT
From the Volume 4 • Issue 5 April 2011
A bi-monthly bi-monthly newsletter of the Minist ry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India (Published in English and Hindi) Chief Patron
Dr Farooq Abdullah Minister for New and Renewable Energy, New Delhi Patron
Deepak Gupta Secretary, MNRE, New Delhi Editor
Dr Arun K Tripathi Tripathi, MNRE, New Delhi Editorial Board
N P Singh, Chairman Bibek Bandyopadhyay Praveen Saxena B Bhargava D K Khare B S Negi D Majumdar R K Vimal Production team
Sulagna Chattopadhyay, Chattopadhyay, N Prasad, D K Das, Ani l Panwar, Nilesh Kumar, IPP Ltd., New Delhi; N Chatterjee, Hon Consultant; N Ghatak, MNRE, New Delhi Editorial office
Dr Arun K Tripathi, Tripathi, Editor, Akshay Urja MNRE, Block No. 14, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road New Delhi - 110 003 Tel. +91 11 2436 3035, 2436 0707 Fax +91 11 2436 3035 E-mail:
[email protected] Web: www.mnre.gov.in
Editor’s Edito r’s Desk Desk Dear Readers,
At present present India is experiencin experiencingg heavy constructio construction n activities in all spheres, which in turn is leading to an increase in the demand for energy. is is due to rapidly growing urbanisation and the increasing aordability of the people. Buildings are major consumers of energy in their construction, operation and maintenance. Globally, about 40 per cent of energy consumption is estimated to be in the building sector. A Green Green Building deplet depletes es the natural natural resources resources to a minimum during its construction and operation, minimises the demand on fossil fuel based energy, maximises the recycle, reuse, renewable energy and energy e e cient devices devic es and appliances. It utilises utilise s energy ecient building materials, besides, it takes care of water conservation, waste management, energy conservation etc. Green Buildings promote the use of renewable energy systems i.e. solar water heating systems, rooftop PV system, waste recycling for energy generation etc. Building rating systems are a popular tool for measurement measurement of the greenness of a building under certain guidelines. g uidelines. At present two green building rating systems are in vogue in our country. country. One is LEED-India which gives buildings buildings ratings ratings of of Platin Platinum, um, Gold, Gold, Silver Silver or LEED-certied LEED-certied and the other is the GRIHA GRIH A rating system which rates buildings on a 1 to 5 star scale, sca le, with 5 stars signifying signify ing the most energy e cient green buildings. CPWD, the largest construction Department of the Government of India, has decided to have their future constructions constructions GRIHA GRIH A rated. Although Although the the gover governmen nmentt is making eorts eorts to promo promote te Green Green Building Building construction in the country, it may not be enough. e support of the private builders and individual house owners is crucial. ere is utmost need that all buildings constructed in the future should be green buildings only. is issue of Akshay Urja has been put together around the theme of Green Buildings. I am sure it will benet and sensitize you all towards the importance of Green Building construction. Well experienced Green Building and sustainable construction professionals have contributed their wealth of ideas for the issue. Please send your opinions and reactions to enable us to make Akshay Urja a more informative and meaningful publication.
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including those of the editor in this newsletter are not necessarily the views of the MNRE.
ARUN K TRIPATHI TRIPATHI
Published, printed and edited for and on behalf of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, from B-14, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, by Dr Arun Kumar Tripathi. Printed at Aravali Printers & Publishers (P) Ltd. W-30, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase II, New Delhi - 110 020, India
Letters to the Editor I am very much interested in getting Our ofce in Assam is dedicated the Akshay Urja newsletter as it is to the development o one remote very educative. I got a copy o the district in an extreme corner o the last issue o the magazine rom my north eastern part o the country. riend and it was a great help to me to Te Akshay Urja newsletter make projects on the subject o solar will help us to learn about and and other non conventional energy popularise new and non renewable sources. Te project inormation energy technology among the large which I got got rom rom this magazine undeveloped rural population o was highly apprecia appreciated ted by others. others. I the district. We thereore request thereore request you to regularly send you to kindly send us a copy o the a copy o the bimonthly newsletter/ newsletter regularly regu larly.. annual reports to me. L D M, United Bank of India Khyaati Mittal, Tinsukia District, Assam Mayur Vihar, Delhi I am an engineer and have been I came across the Akshay Urja dedicated to the cause o renewable newsletter and ound it very energy or the last many years. interesting and inormative. I Currently I am involved in would like to receive the newsletter establishing biomass briquette plants regularly regula rly,, please let me k now how I and conversion o industrial boilers can subscribe to it. into briquette ones. I am a lie R A K S Ramalingam, member o the Millennium Institute Erode, Tamil Nadu o Energy and Environment. I would like an annual subscription to the I would like to receive the Akshay Akshay Ak shay Urja newsletter and kindly Urja newsletter as I have ound it to request you to do the needul or the be very relevant and inormative. same. Rambabu Kumar Bijan Bhattacharjee [email protected] [email protected]
ERI Press and would like to congratulate you on writing such an educative and good book. I look orward to receiving the Akshay Urja newsletter regularly regu larly.. Er Anirudra Anir udra Prasad Yadav, Yadav, MIE Kathmandu, Nepal
fuosnu nu gS fd gekjs }kjk xz keh.kks keh. akks dks lefiZ r if=dk xz ke le` le`f) f) dk izdk'ku dk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA if=dk es a xz keh.kks keh. akks ds fy, cuk;h tk jgh dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvks tukvks a dk foLr` r fooj.k vkS j mlls mlls lacacf/kr fa /kr vkosnu nu i=ks a dk izdk'ku dk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA Ñi;k if=dk v{k; ÅtkZ ¼fgUnh la Ldj.k½ Ldj.k½ gekjs gekjs i= es a fn, x, irs ij Hkstus tus dh Ñik djs aA ;fn laHko Hko gks rks v{k; ÅtkZ ds fgUnh la Ldj.k ds fiNys vad Hkh Hkstus tus dh Ñik djs aA MkW- lanhi nhi ukjn lEiknd] lEiknd] xz ke le` lef) f` ) vkids dk;kZy; y; }kjk izdkf'kr dkf'kr ^v{k; ÅtkZ* if=dk dks ges a Hkstus tus dk d"V djs a] vkS j bl if=dk dk izR;s R;sd vad Hksts tAs blds fy, eS a lnk vkidk vkidk vkHkkj vkHkkjhh jgw jg axkA xw kA vleh dqekj e kj [kka fcjlkuxj te'ksniq niq j] >kj[k >kj[kaM Ma
vkidh if=dk v{k; ÅtkZ i<+usus dks feyh] i<+dj dj cM+ h [kq'kh ' kh gq bZbZ fd if=dk es a iz kÑfrd la lk/ku dks cpkus ds ckjs es a rFkk Tank you very much or sending me ÅtkZ ds u;s lz ks r dke es a ykus ds ckjs es a crk;k x;k gSA bl if=dk ds vkus ls Please include the name o our Volume 4, Issue 2 & 3, December lkS j ÅtkZ] iou ÅtkZ ,oa tSfod fod ÅtkZ ds company in the subscription/mailing 2010 2010 o the Akshay Ak shay Urja newsletter. {ks = es a ea =ky; }kjk u,&u, 'kks/k/k v/;;u] list o the esteemed publication I have ound this th is bi-monthly bi-monthly mik; ,oa feyus okys LFkku vkS j ÅtkZ ds Akshay Ak shay Urja newsletter. newsletter. We We would newsletter o the Ministry o New ckjs es a gksusus okys fu;eks a] 'krks a Z vkfn ds ckjs like to start receiving the newsletter and Renewable Energ y, es a iw jh tkudkjh feysxh xh vkS j mldk ykHk immediately and would appreciate Government o India very pertinent gekjs lruk ftys ds lHkh tuokfl;ks a i we could get copies o the last two as it gives a lot o inormation dks gksxkA xkA issues o the newsletter as well. regarding renewable energy. Also, I nhid dq ekj ekj cq/kkS / kkSfy;k fy;k ‘Multiple Director, World Solar Power Private recently bought your book ‘Multiple lruk] e/; iznsn'k 's k Ltd, [email protected] [email protected] choice Questions on Energy’ rom
your encouragement. encouragement. The editorial team of Akshay Urja will make every effort Dear Reader, Thank you very much for your to make th is newsletter highly informative and useful to a ll our readers. readers. We welcome your suggestions suggestions and valuable comments to make further improvements in terms of content and presentation. Editor: Akshay Urja
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Apr il 2011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
Contents
April 2011
RE News National 4-7 Solar energy based telecom towers JV planned in Russia for Solar PV cells RRB Energy wind electric generators Su-Kam Power to make solar invertors Bio waste gasifier Zero Energy Building Business meet on ETC based solar water heating system at SPRERI IFC and GERMI pact for solar power project Solar energy to power Gurgaon by 2012 First floating solar energy plant in India Accolade: Mr S K Shukla shortlisted for ‘Zayed Future Energy Prize’ Moventas to set up base in India World Bank keen to partner India Asian Green City Index rankings Nakoda commences wind power plant India to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 Trading begins for Renewable Energy credits Solar Mission projects could see ban on imported equipment Penalties collected from discoms to help promote wind energy IREDA and MNRE sign MoU District gets its first solar biometric ATM
International 8-9 World Green Green Building Buildi ng week Willing
to pay more for green space Advanced thin film solar panels Solar ambassadors share stories Cheaper, more efficient solar cells Solar instal lations on water Green Building, Renewable Energy Directories launched Largest cogeneration power plant in Mexico Indonesia begins embracing wind power GE acquires rights to build tall wind towers Wind and solar energy growth Solar thermal energy calculation
e environment friendly construction techniques and mechanical systems used in the building cost no more than their conventional conventional energy intensive counterparts.
Cover Story 10
Building a momentum: Green buildings
44
Case Study 30
MNRE Even Eventt 18 19
20
Development of solar cities: Agra Integrating green building concepts in public works Rashtriya Urja Jana-Jagriti Abhiyan
RE Feature 24 33 36 38
Green building policy and codes BEE Star rating for buildings Sustainable architecture Green building initiatives in India
Improvements in energy ene rgy e e ciency are the key to unlocking ma ssive carbon reduction reduction potential. e industry still ha s some way to go before it can impact the planet.
Tirupati: e green temple
41 46
Building a green campus Green IRRAD building Greening through natural ventilation
21
RE New Tech
22
RE Tech Updates
28
Opinion
48
RE Term Power
49
Children’s Corner
50
Web and Book Alert
51
Forthcoming Events
52
RE at a Glance
ere was a realisation that simply making green buildings build ings that th at are ecient users of water, water, energy and materials materials would not not create a green campus.
Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 Issue 5
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National
Solar energy based telecom towers As many as 400 telecom towers are to be powered by solar panels that will sit on them, reecting light rom the sun to produce electricity that will be used by the towers. Te towers are part o a Rs 120 crore project under the Jawaharlal Nehru Natio National nal Solar Mission (JNNSM) o the Minitry
JV planne planned d in Russia or solar PV cells India is exploring possibilities o setting up a joint venture (JV) company in Russia to meet the burgeoning demand or silicon waers - the key component required or its ambitious Solar Mission. During a meeting o RUSNANO, the nanotechnology initiative o the Russian government,
RRB Energy wind electric generators RRB Energy (RRBEL) is planning to develop and manuacture wind electric e lectric generators generators (WEGs) o 3 MW capacity and is likely to sign an agreement a greement with a German company or technology and development development support. RRBEL RR BEL is in the process o expanding its range o blades with the inclusion o the 13 m length blade or the 225 kW WEG, in its its existin existingg port portol olio io.. www.fnancialexpress.com, 24 February February 201 2011
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Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
Renewable Energy News
o New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). Te project kick started in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh and involves Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL), tower inrastructure rm GL and Indus owers. Ministry ocials say the solar project, i efective, could be scaled up across the country and could save India 2.3 billion lt o diesel every year. www.hindustantimes.com, 18 February 2011
and the Department o Science and echnology (DS) plans were discussed to set up a JV company, at a cost o Rs 1000 crore, to manuacture silicon ingots which could be brought to India and sliced into thin waers to make photovoltaic (PV) cells. Currently, companies source silicon waers waers rom rom the interna internatio tional nal marke markett which which witnesses witnesses massive massive uctuati uctuation on o prices. www.thehindubusinessline.com, 20 February Februar y 2011 2011
Su-Kam Power to make solar invertors Su-Kam Power Systems Ltd, currently in talks with Japan Japan and US-base US-based d com compani panies es will oray into the solar inverter business by September 2011. Expansion into the solar inverters is expected to contribute around Rs 250 crore o the company’s Rs 1200 crore revenue in the next scal. Su-Kam currently is a market leader in the power back up (inverter) segment. www.thehindubusinessline.com, 18 February Februar y 2011 2011
Bio waste gasifer Mr Rai Singh Dahiya in Rajasthan has developed a unique biomass gasier that can be used to operate pump sets in remote elds, pump up water in homes, operate basic machines such as sawmills, our mills and generate electricity by charging an alternato a lternator. r. Te uel consumption is almost 30-40 per cent less than other available designs. Prices vary rom Rs 1,25,000 or a 10 kW unit to Rs 3,25,000 or a 35 kW unit. www.hindu.com, 17 February Februa ry 2011
Zero Energy Building A net zero energy energy building is one with a net energy energy consumption o zero over a typical year. Net zero energy buildings generate their own energy to meet their electricity and heating needs. In the case o individual houses, various microgeneration technologies may be used to provide heat and electricity to the building, using solar cells or wind turbines or electricity elect ricity,, and biouels or solar collectors linked to seasonal thermal stores, or space heating. heatin g. o o cope with uctuations in demand, zero energy buildings are requently connected to the electricity grid, and may export electricity to it when there is a surplus. Others may be ully autonomous autonomous (ofgrid) buildings. Net zero energy buildings are gaining considerable interest as a means to cut greenhouse gas emissions and conserve energy. Te Economic imes, 24 February February 201 2011
National
IFC and GERMI pact or solar power project International Finance Corporation (IFC), the private lending arm o the World World Bank, and Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute (GERMI) have teamed up to identiy and a nd develop renewable energy projects in South Asia.
IFC, a prolic investor in India's clean energy space is working with GERMI to design and structure a distributed rootop solar power project in Gandhinagar. Te project, a 5 MW solar installation is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 6,000 tonnes a year and mobilise about USD 20 million in private sector investment. invest ment. www.moneycontrol.com, 10 March 2011
Solar energy to power Gurgaon by 2012
Business meet on ETC based solar water heating system at SPRERI A business meet meet was organised at at the Sardar Patel Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute (SPRER (SPRERI) I) on 23 March 2011 to create awareness on the Ministry o New a nd Renewable Renewable Energy’s Energy’s (MNRE) standards sta ndards and testing procedures or evacuated tube collector (EC) based solar water heating heating systems. Participants Participants included representatives rom 24 rms dealing in manuacturing, marketing and servicing o solar gadgets and technologies technologies as well as 40 proessionals belonging to various research and development and academic institutions. Te Hari Om Ashram Prerit Young Young Scientist Scientist Award Award in Renewable Energy was awarded to Dr Varun, Assistant Proessor, National Institute o echnology, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh. www.spreri.org, 23 March 2011 2011
A major major awareness awareness drive will be carried out to ensure that people volunteer or the scheme," said Srikanta K Panigrahi, advisor to In what comes as the Prime Minister on National a major incentive or city residents Strategic Knowledge and other intending to use solar energy or Missions on Climate Change. their daily power needs, the Centre He said that the government plans has identied Gurgaon among the to convert Gurgaon into a Solar rst 10 places that will be developed City by the end o 2012. "Te as solar cities. A survey is underway government has proposed to give 30 in the city to determine how much per cent subsidy on gadgets that will solar power it can generate daily. help people generate solar energy," "Te Master Plan is being prepared Panigrahi said. http://timesofndia.indiatimes.com, or all ten cities. Gurgaon has a 13 March 2011 huge potential to tap solar energy.
First floating or its interest in its patented Liquid solar energy Solar Array (LSA) technology. plant in LSA uses traditional concentrated India photovoltaic photovoltaic (CPV) technology - a Australian solar solar power company, Sunengy, has entered into a partnership with ata Power that will allow it to build a pilot plant or its low cost, oating-on-water, oating-on-water, solar technology in India by the end o this year. Peter Wakeman, chairman and executive director o business development, development, Sunengy Suneng y said sa id ata Power has partnered with Sunengy
lens and a small area o solar cells that tracks the sun throughout the day, day, like a sunower. Floating the LSA on water reduces the need or expensive supporting structures to protect it rom high winds. Te lenses submerge in bad weather and the water also cools the cells which increases increa ses their t heir eciency and a nd lie span. www.sunengy.com, 24 March 2011
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National
Accolade: Mr S K Shukla shortlisted or ‘Zayed Future Energy Prize’ Te Zayed Future Energy Prize is a prestigious and internationally recognised award or innovation, perormance and leadership in sustainable and renewable energy projects. Four Indians were shortlisted or the prize through
a rigorous selection process rom 391 391 submissions - among them t hem was Mr Shailendra Shukla, Director, Chhattisgarh Renewable Energy Development Agency (CREDA). Mr Shailendra Shukla has been promoting green technologies or the last two decades. He has been instrumental in establishing CREDA or developing developing green technologies in the newly ormed and tribal inhabited state o Chhattisgarh. Energy Next, January 2011
Moventas to be at Chennai because most o the set up base windmill custom customers ers are based in in India southern India”, India”, said Olli Oll i Valimaki, Finnish company Moventas, Moventas, one o the largest manuacturers o wind turbine gears in the world, plans to harness India’s India’s economic potential by setting up a base in Chennai. Te name o the Indian entity will be Moventas India Private Limited. “Te location o our company will
World Bank keen to partner India Te World Bank is open to partnering the Indian Government or developing the renewable energy sector. Te Government has set an ambitious target o installing at least 40 GW o additional capacity o renewable energy in the next 10 years. India will not only have to meet targets set under the National Solar Mission, Mis sion, but double double its wind capaci capacity, ty, quadruple quadruple its its small hydropower power capacity, capacity, ully ully
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Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
senior vice president o Moventas. Moventas. “So ar we have been serving our Indian clients rom Finland and they have been requesting us to come to India. Moreover, this is the only way to relate to local people. Te Indian market is growing very ast”. www.siy.com, 26 March 2011 2011
realise co-generation capacity, and increase biomass realisation by a actor o ve to six. However, to achieve this target signicant nancial and regulatory barriers are required to be addressed, a Worl World d Bank report report on ‘Unl ‘Unleashing eashing o the Potential o Renewable Energy in India’ said. o achieve the target o 40 GW by 2022, the report suggests single window clearance or all renewable projects, promoting promoting innovative approaches, a competitive bidding process, and providing long term unding options or producers. www.thehindubusinessline.com, 11 February 2011
Asian Green City Index rankings Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore have been ranked below average, while Delhi is an average perormer in the Asian Green Green City City Index that termed termed Singapore as the greenest city in the continent. Te research, commissioned by German engineering major Siemens and Economist Intelligence Unit categorises Asian cities with respect to the environmental perormance in eight categories: energy and CO2, land use and buildings, transport, waste, water water,, sanitation sanitation,, air quality quality and environmental governance. www.thehindubusinessline.com, 15 February 2011
Nakoda commences wind power plant Nakoda Ltd announced the commencement o its wind power plant at Jethana, Ratlam District, Madhya Pradesh. Te plant has 7 turbines with a capacity c apacity o 750 kW kW each aggregating to an additional capacity o 5.25 MW. Te company’s company’s post expansion capacity will be 12 MW. MW. Te project cost o Rs R s 32.92 crore is unded entirely rom internal resources. Nakoda Limited has entered into a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board Boa rd to supply around 112 112 lakh units per year at the rate o Rs R s 4.35 per unit or 25 years. www.business-standard.com, 17 February 2011
National
India to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 In addition to raising its energy eciency by 20 per pe r cent in ve years, yea rs, India has decided to meet climate change challenges by reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 20 to 25 per cent (o 2005 level) by 2020, the Economic Survey Sur vey (ES) (E S) or 2010-201 2010-2011 1 has revealed. However, India is not sure o the resources required or achieving this domestic mitigation goal. www.thestatesman.net, 27 February 2011 2011
Trading begins or Renewable Energy credits India’s largest power exchange began trading the country’s rst renewable energy credits, saying the new commodity may develop a liquid market by the year end. Te rst trading session on the Indian Energy Exchange received 11 buy bids seeking certicates rom solar plants and 125 bids or certicates or renewable energy rom rom wind, hydropower or biomass projects, according to Jayant Deo, chie executive o the exchange. www.bloomberg.com, 23 February 2011
Solar Mission projects could see ban on imported equipment Te government is considering a ban or urther restriction on import o equipment or projects under the National Solar Mission. Te move will benet domestic solar equipment suppliers, but project developers say say it could prevent
Penalties collected rom discoms to help promote wind energy Te Indian government will create a corpus out o penalties paid by state run power distribution utilities to promote wind energy projects o 10 MW or more
IREDA and MNRE sign MoU Indian Renewable Energy Developmen De velopmentt Agency Agency Ltd Ltd (IREDA) (IREDA),, a Governm Governmen entt o India enterprise has entered into a memorandum o understanding (MoU) with the Ministry o New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
District gets its frst solar biometric ATM Te Union Union bank o India (UBI) unveiled the region’s rst solar powered, voice enabled biometric biometric rural AM at Ghawaddi village in Ludhiana District, Punjab. Te product product o a collaboration between Vortex and Indian Institute o echnology echnology (II),
the government rom achieving its target o 20000 MW o solar power generation capacity by 2022, since a ull local-content clause could slow deployment o new technologies. In the ace o competition competition rom rom oreign players, domestic solar equipment makers were able able to corner only only 30 per cent o projects, totalling 704 MW, MW, in the rst round o bidding under the National Solar Mission. Te Economic imes, 4 March 2011
capacity. capacity. Te Central Centra l Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) has approved the und, its chairman Pramod Deo said. Te renewable regulatory und would bear charges imposed on states hosting wind projects that ail to comply with with their energy supply supply commitments to the electricity grid, he said. Te Economic imes, 14 March 2011 2011
or the year 2011-12 at a brie unction held at New Delhi. Shri Deepak Gupta, Secretary, MNRE and Shri Debashish Majumdar, CMD, IREDA signed the document on 24 March 2011 2011 in the presence o Directors, IREDA and senior ocials o MNRE. MNR E. www.mnre.gov.in, 24 March 2011 2011
Chennai, the AM works on solar power, has low power consumption consumption and can ca n support biometric biometric and PIN based transactions, according to bank ba nk ocials. “Tese eatures make it ideal or the rural rur al environment where power supply supply is a critical actor and a nd literacy levels are low,” low,” said S S Mundra, Executive Director o UBI. www.indianexpress.com, www.indianexpress.com , 27 March 2011
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International
World Green World G reen Building week Te World Green Building Week 2011 will be celebrated rom 1923 September Se ptember 2011. 2011. World World Green Building Week is celebrated annually to draw attention to the role o Green
Willing to pay more or green space In a survey by real estate services rm Jones Lang LaSalle and property proessionals’ association CoreNet Global, the proportion o respondents respondents willing wil ling to pay more or ‘green leased space’ was 50 per cent, in 2009 this gure was 37 per cent. Te poll also ound that 92 per cent o respondents consider sustainability criteria in their location locat ion decisions. Another 23 per per cent cent said they would would pay more more in rent rent i it were ofset by lower energy costs. www.environmentalleader.com, 10 February Februar y 2011 2011
Advanced thin flm solar panels Sunvalley Solar Inc. announced the promotion promotion o the W-F W-F series thin lm lm product or the US market. Te previous thin lm modules required a larger surace area and expensive racking and BOS systems or installation. Te new W-F series rom ianwei, which is being promoted promoted by Sunvalley in the US, is a more
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Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
Buildings in the creation o healthier, healthier, more sustainable communities. Green Building Councils and their members rom around the world will be marking the week with events and celebrations reecting the diversity o their cultures and industries. www.worldgbc.org, 15 March 2011
Solar ambassadors share stories Clean Energy Logistics Lab in technology partnership with Caspio, USA established a grassroots online community (http://www. (http://www. FindSolarPro.com) FindSolarPro.com) o solar sola r photovoltaic photovoltaic (PV) enthusiasts enthusia sts to share personal experiences o going solar, plus inormation how their own solar PV panels and systems work. work. Known as Solar Ambassadors, Ambassadors, members provide panel and system inormation, videos, and live system monitoring streams o their own energy generation and usage. www.thestreet.com, 16 March 2011
advanced and ecient A-Si Tin lm module. A lesser surace area is used and a lower installation cost is to be expected. Te A-Si thin lm module has a better perormance rating in high temperatures and lower irradiance conditions than previous models. Not only is the perormance on the A-Si thin lm modules better, but the expense is much lower than the crystalline silicon PV modules. www.sunvalleysolarinc.com, 16 February Februar y 2011 2011
Cheaper, more efcient solar cells Stanord researchers led by Proessor o chemical engineering Stacey Bent have ound that adding a single layer o organic molecules to a solar cell can increase its eciency three old and could lead to cheaper, more ecient solar panels. Teir results were published online in ACS Nano on 7 February 2011. www.sciencedaily.com, 21 February 201 2011
Solar installations on water Most solar energy systems on the market today have two major weaknesses: they require vast land areas to be built and the costs related to solar cells abrication abrication and maintenance are high. A new new techno technolo logy gy - oati oating ng solar solar powe powerr plants - is about to overcome these challenges and many more. Developed by a Franco Israeli partnership, this innovative solar power technology introduces introduces a new paradigm pa radigm in energy production. Te project team identied the almost untouched potential o solar installations on water. Te water basins, on which the plants could be built are industrial water basins already in use or other purposes. Te developers were able to reduce the costs linked to the implementation o the technology by reducing the quantity quantity o solar cells cel ls used thanks to a sun energy concentration system based on mirrors and by a creative cooling system using the water on which the solar panels are oating. www.sciencedaily.com, 27 February February 2011 2011
International
launched
Green Building, Renewable Energy Directories
Te Natural Resources Deense Council (NRDC) and Institute or Market ransormation (IM) have launched a global library o building energy rating policies. BuildingRating.org aims to create a standard way o comparing the
Largest cogeneration power plant in Mexico Te nancing o México’s largest cogeneration cogeneration power plant - owned by GE Energy Financial Services and Abengoa - has been named Overall Latin American and Latin American Power Deal o
Indonesia begins embracing wind power
energy perormance o buildings, by providing a searchable library o rating and disclosure inormation. Users o the website can search the energy perormance policies o more than 100 countries and jurisdictions jurisdictions to learn learn how how they are being implemented, what types o rating systems they are using to evaluate energy perormance, and how policies are impacting markets. www.environmentalleader.com, 8 March 2011
the Year by Project Finance magazine. Te magazine selected the nancing or the 300 MW M W cogeneration cogeneration power plant under construction in abasco, México, because it enabled construction o the rst independently independently owned power plant to supply Méxican state oil company PEMEX. www.worldorenewables.com, 9 March 2011
GE acquires rights to build tall wind towers
Indonesia, the A unit unit o General General world' world'ss ourth most most popula populated ted Electric - GE Power & Water has nation, is about to begin developing paid an undisclosed amount a mount to Utah wind energy energy.. Te country's country's rst based Wind ower Systems or large scale wind turbines plant will intellectual property rights backing be built in Sukabumi, West Java, its Space Frame ower technology, later this year with a total capacity which which enabl enables es the the constru constructi ction on o 30 MW. Te renewable energy o taller wind turbine tu rbine towers. towers. Te division head Muhammad Soyan, acquisition, acquisition, along with access acce ss to said that the Energy and Mineral transportation technology that allows Resources Ministry had approved the standard atbed truck to transport project and local energy rm Viron these tall towers, comes as the length Energy was waiting or the ministry o blades supporting nex nextt generation to issue an a n ocial permit pe rmit to begin beg in wind wind turb turbine iness are are beco becoming ming longe longerr construction. and require taller towers. http://7thspace.com, 12 March 2011 2011 http://uk.ibtimes.com, 14 February 2011
Wind and solar energy growth Wind and solar solar energy averaged 30 and 40 per cent growth, respectively, last year, according to a Clean Edge report Clean Energy rends 2011. Te report tracks the growth o renewable energy markets and looks at trends that will shape investment in wind, solar and biouels or the coming years. Te global market or solar photovoltaics (PV) has expanded rom USD 2.5 billion in 2000 to USD 71.2 billion in 2010, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) o 39.8 39.8 per cent, while wh ile wind power has expanded rom a global market worth USD 4.5 4.5 billion in 2000 to more than USD 60.5 billion today, or a CAGR o 29.7 per cent. www.motherearthnews.com, 14 March 2011
Solar thermal energy calculation Te International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme (IEA-SHC) and major solar thermal industry associations have agreed on a common calculation method to estimate the annual solar collector energy output in kWh. With this method, it will be simpler to estimate the impressive amount o energy produced produced by solar thermal therma l systems worl worldwi dwide de and comp compare are it with with othe otherr (renewable) (renewable) energy sources. Te newly developed methodology methodology introduces very simple ormulas, ormulas, using u sing easily accessible inormation to estimate the respective annual solar collector output. output. www.iea-shc.org, 16 March 2011
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Building a Momentum Green Buildings
Buildings are a re major consumers consumers o energy in their t heir dierent phases - construction, operation and maintenance. Globally about 40 per cent o energy consumption is estimated to be in i n the building sector. sector. Hence, green buildings are the t he need o the hour to eect a reduction in energy consumption. Arun K Tripathi
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A
green building is one which can unction using an optimum amount o energy, consume less water, water, conserve natural resources, resources, generate generate less waste and create spaces or healthy and comortable living, as compared to conventional buildings. In other words, a green building minimises the demand on ossil uel based energy and maximises usage o renewable energy along with the reuse and recycle o resources. Green building design is a practical and climate conscious approach based on various actors - geographical location, prevailing climatic conditions, locally available and low embodied energy materials and design parameters relevant to the type ty pe o usage o the t he building. Such an approach ensures minimum harm to the environment while constructing and using the building. A study o the traditional building techniques in India clearly shows that the concept o green or sustainable buildings has existed in the country or a long time. Tese buildings were generally made o locally available materials like wood, mud and stone and dealt with the vagaries vagaries o o weather weather with without out using large amounts amounts o external energy to keep the inhabitants comortable.
Different climate zones o India
Legend Hot and Dry Hot and Humid Composite Cold Moderate
The need for green buildings
Map not to scale
Modern buildings are major consumers o energy in their construction, operation and maintenance. At present India is experiencing heavy construction activities in all spheres - Benefits of green buildings as a consequence the demand or energy is also increasing As compared compared to conventi conventional onal buildings buildings a green building: building: rapidly. Tis is partly due to the growing urbanisation ● consumes 40 to 60 per cent (depending on the range and the increasing aordability o the people. However, o measures adopted) lesser electricity due to passive the concept c oncept o clean cle an and a nd ecient development deve lopment has also a lso architectural interventions in the building design, and been gaining momentum and the Government o India is high e ciency material mate rialss and technologies; technologie s; promoting green buildings as part o its strategy to mitigate ● works or on site energy generation through renewable ossil uel based energy requirements and to meet the energy utilisation to cater to its energy needs; growing demand or energy through renewables and energy ● consumes 40 to 80 per cent lesser water as compared to eciency measures meas ures.. conventional conventional buildings by utilising utili sing ultra low ow fxtures, dual plumbing systems, waste water recycling systems and rain water harvesting; ● generates lesser waste by employing waste management Centre or Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian strategies on site; Institute o Technology, Kanpur GRIHA, 5 star rated Select strategies adopted to adopted to reduce building impact on the natural ● generates lesser pollution both during construction as environment Dust screen around construction area Excavation, well as while in use, through best practices practices such as proper proper storage and preservation o top soil or later use Protection o on storage o construction materials, barricading o the site site trees Low ow plumbing fxtures or reduction in water demand ■
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by 62 per cent ■ Low grass/lawn area with ocus on native trees and vegetation to reduce irrigation demand by 50 per cent ■ Paving o 17 per cent area only - to retain rainwater percolation percolation area ■ Designing a rainwater harvesting system ■ 40 per cent window to wall ratio or optimal natural lighting ■ External shading and glazing to reduce heat ■ Implementing an ECBC compliant artifcial lighting system ■ Integration o skylights or day lighting ■ Meeting 30 per cent o annual lighting requirements through solar ■ Meeting 100 per cent hot water demand through solar thermal systems.
Building rating systems are a popular tool to bring momentum in achieving energy efficiency and sustainability in buildings.
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Cover Story To promote the green building concept, MNRE in association association with TERI has developed Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA). to prevent air and noise pollution during construction, proper storage and disposal o waste during construction and operation; ● ensures proper saety, health and sanitation acilities or the labourers (during construction) and the occupants (while in use); ● restricts the use o high ozone depleting potential (ODP) substances in its systems as well as in its fnishes; and, ● oers higher image and marketability.
Rating or Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) - are practiced in India.
LEED rating system LEED was developed and piloted in the USA by the United States Green Building Council (UGBC). (UGBC). Te rating system addresses specifc environmental building related impacts using a whole building environmental perormance approach. Te Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), created as a partner organisation to the UGBC in 2001, has adopted the LEED rating system and has launched the LEED India version. Te LEED India system gives building ratings o Platinum, Gold, Silver or LEED - certifed.
The GRIHA rating system
o promote the green building concept, Ministry o New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) in association with Te Green building rating systems Energy and Resources Institute (ERI) has developed Building rating systems are a popular tool to bring GRIHA GRIH A or promotion o energy e cient green buildings building s in momentum in achieving energy e ciency and sustainability susta inability the country. GRIHA is an integrated ramework or ensuring in buildings. At present two rating systems - Leadership in design, construction, operation and in turn rating o Energy Energy and Environment Design (LEED) India and Green Conservation Building Code (ECBC) compliant green
The set of GRIHA Manuals: Volume 1-5 is a guide for building professionals - architects, services engineers, landscape designers, project managers and contractors - involved in the design and construction of green buildings. The manuals provide a comprehensive understanding of the GRIHA rating system, including its underlying criteria, rating process, strategies for compliance and documentation and evaluation procedure.
GRIHA MANUALS: Volume 1-5 Paperback (in slip box) Size: 21.6 cm × 28 cm Language: English Year: 201 2011 ISBN: 9788179934067
Introduction; Volume Volume Volume 1: Introduction; V olume 2: echnical manual or trainers on sustainable site planning, health and well being during construction; V construction; Volume olume 3: echnical manual or trainers on building and system design optimisation, renewable energy application; application; Volume Volume 4: echnical manual or trainers on water and waste management, sustainable building materials, health and well being o building occupants, building operation and maintenance; Volume Volume 5: echnical manual or evaluators: a guide or assessing GRIHA documentation
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Suzlon - One Earth, Pune, Maharashtra 5 star rated Select strategies adopted to reduce building impact on the natural environment ■ Dust screen around construction area ■ Adoption o erosion control systems ■ Utility corridors ■ Low ow plumbing fxtures or reduction in water demand by 65 per cent ■ Recycling and reusing o 55 per cent o water rom the complex ■ Low grass/lawn area with ocus on native trees and vegetation and installation o sprinklers to reduce irrigation demand by 50 per cent ■ Adequate day lighting and glare control ■ 0.8W/sq t o lighting load ■ Installation o LED lights on all desks with motion sensors ■ 13.44 kW o solar PV and 18 windmills o 4.75 kW each ■ 250,000 units o electricity generated annually.
buildings. Te rating system is suitable to the Indian climate and is in harmony with the National Building Code (NBC) 2005, ECBC 2007 and other Indian Standard (IS) codes. Renewable energy integration is mandated under GRIHA. GRIHA evaluates the environmental perormance o a building holistically, thereby providing a defnitive standard or what constitutes a ‘green building’. Te primary objective o the rating system is to help design green buildings buildi ngs and, in turn, help evaluate the ‘greenness’ o the buildings. buildin gs. Te rating system ollows best practices and national/international codes that are applicable to achieving the intent o green design. It has derived useul inputs rom the building codes/ guidelines being developed by the MNRE, Ministry
o Environment and Forests (MoEF), Bureau o Energy Energ y E E ciency (BEE) and a nd the Bureau o Indian Ind ian Standards (BIS). (BIS). Objectives of GRIHA
On a macro scale, the rating system seeks to beneft the community at large through, ● reduced energy consumption, resulting in savings on account o reduced energy bills bil ls without compromising on human comort levels; ● integration o solar energy devices, such as, solar water heating systems and a nd roo top photovo photovoltaic ltaic (PV) systems sy stems to generate on site energy or various va rious requirements;
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Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi
waste recycling recycling and reuse; reuse; GRIHA has 100 points distributed c onsumption; ● reduced water consumption; across 34 criteria, some of which ● reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefts); are mandatory while the others are ● reduced destruction o natural areas, habitats, and optional. Different levels of rating - 1 biodiversity, biodiversity, and reduced soil loss rom erosion etc.; star to 5 stars - are awarded based on ● increased user productivity; and the number of points earned. ● enhanced image and marketability Te rating system helps ‘design and evaluate’ new buildings (the rating process is most useul use ul to projects when implemented at their conceptual stage beore designs and section are land, la nd, water, energy, energy, air and green cover. c over. specifcations are rozen). GRIHA is based on predicted ● Building operation and maintenance stage - issues o operation and maintenance o building systems and building perormance over its entire lie cycle - inception through operation. operation. Te issues addressed at various stages are: processes, monitoring and recording o consumption, and ● Pre-construction stage (intra and inter site issues) occupant health and well being and also issues that aect the local and global environment. ● Building planning and construction stage (issues o resource conservation and reduction in resource demand, GRIHA has 100 points distributed across 34 criteria resource utilisation util isation eciency, ciency, resource recovery and a nd reuse (able 1). Te ramework consists o ew core criteria, and provisions or worker and occupant health and well which are mandatory mandatory while the rest are optional. optional. A project project being). Te prime resources that are considered in this has to comply with all the mandatory requirements in order ●
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Cover Story to contend or certifcation. Further, Table 1: Criteria o the GRIHA rating system the project has to score points, which Site Selection and Site Planning can be earned by complying with the Criteria 1 Site Selection* commitment o the criterion against Criteria 2 Preserve and protect landscape during construction/compensatory depository orestation.* which the point point is allocated. allocated. Dierent Dierent Criteria 3 Soil conservation (post construction) levels o certifcation (1 star to 5 stars) are awarded based on the number Criteria 4 Design to include existing site eatures o points earned. Te minimum Criteria 5 Reduce hard paving on site* Criteria 6 Enhance outdoor lighting system eciency score required or certifcation is 50. Buildings scoring 50 to 60 points, 61 Plan util utilit itie iess e ecien cientl tlyy and and opti optimi mise se on sit sitee cir circculat ulatio ion n e ecien ciency cy Criteria 7 Plan to 70 points, 71 to 80 points, and a nd 81 to Criteria 8 Provide minimum level o sanitation/saety acilities or construction workers^ 90 points will get 1 star, 2 stars, 3 stars and 4 stars, respectively. A building Criteria 9 Reduce air pollution during construction^ scoring 91 to 100 points will get the maximum rating i.e. 5 stars. Building Planning and Construction In addition to the 100 points Criteria 10 Reduce landscape water demand distributed against explicit requirements requirements Criteria 11 Reduce building water use laid out in the rating system, the project Criteria 12 Ecient water use during construction can urther claim our bonus points Optimi mise se buil buildi ding ng desi design gn to redu reduce ce conv conven enti tion onal al ener energy gy dema demand nd** Criteria 13 Opti by showcasing achievements in design, Criteria 14 Optimise Optimise energy energy perormanc perormancee o building building within within specifed specifed comort comort limits* limits* construction, operation or maintenance ptimis isee bui build ldin ingg des desig ign n to to red reduc ucee con convventi entioonal nal ene enerrgy dema demand nd Criteria 15 Optim o the building that have signifcant Criteria 16 Reduction in embodied energy o the building environmental benefts. As such Criteria 17 Use low-energy materials in interiors theoretically, a project can contend or 104 points but shall be judged only over Criteria 18 Renewable energy utilisation* Criteria 19 Renewable energy based hot water system 100 points. It is also well recognised that some Criteria 20 Waste water treatment Criteria 21 Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater) criteria may not apply to a particular Criteria 22 Reduction in waste during construction project due to technical constraints that are specifc to the particular Criteria 23 Ecient waste segregation project. In view o the uniqueness Criteria 24 Storage and disposal o wastes Criteria 25 Resource recovery rom waste o each project and the design and development development constraints constra ints out o control Criteria 26 Use o low-VOC paints/adhesives/sealants o the project proponent, proponent, it is permitted Criteria 27 Minimise ozone depleting substances^ to claim exemption rom being Criteria 28 Ensure water quality^ evaluated against a criterion that does Criteria 29 Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels not apply to the project. In such cases, Criteria 30 obacco and smoke control a pre-easibility study shall be carried Criteria 31 Provi rovide de mini minimu mum m lev level el o acce access ssib ibil ilit ityy or or pers person onss wit with h dis disab abil ilit itie iess out by the project team along with the GRIHA Secretariat to demonstrate Building Operation and Maintenance that the project can be exempt rom Criteria 32 Energy audit and validation^ attempting the specifc criteria. Criteria 33 Operation and maintenance^ I a project gets exemption rom Total attempting certain criteria, the project shall be rated on a percentage basis on Innovation Criteria 34 Innovation points applicable points only. I a project chooses Total to attempt the bonus points in addition ^Mandatory criterion to the applicable ones, the bonus points *Partly mandatory criterion shall also be counted in arriving at the percentage. Te denominator in such
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Points
1 5 2 4 2 3 3 2 2
3 2 1 8 16 6 4 4 5 3 2 5 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 1
0 2 100 4 104
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Cover Story
Corporate Ofce, Unilever Unilever,, Mumbai, Maharashtra
case would be the sum o the points remaining ater a ter excluding Green Buildings schemes the non-applicable ones rom the 100 and the number o Te MNRE is at present implementing a scheme on bonus points opted by the project. ‘Energy Ecient/Solar Green Buildings’ Buildi ngs’,, which promotes promotes green building construction in the country, supports Role of MNRE GRIHA ratings and provides incentives or organising Te reduction o energy consumption and use o renewable workshops workshops,, seminars, trainings and creating creating awareness awareness etc. etc. energy in buildings have been a priority or MNRE since Under the scheme, owners o the buildings proposed to be long and it has pioneered the modern-day green building rated under GRIHA register with the GRIHA Secretariat concept in the country. Te MNRE has come out with and pay the registration-cum-rating ee or the project. 90 many promotional schemes to provide the needed impetus per cent o this ee (able 2) or projects rated 3 star and to the green building movement. above, having built area up to 5000 sq m and or projects rated 4 star and above having built area above 5000 sq m is reimbursable by MNRE to the owners through Table 2: GRIHA registration-cum-rating ee the GRIHA Secretariat ater validation o Star Rating (post construction) by the National Advisory Council. Project size Rating-cum(total built up area) registration fee Additionally Additionally,, as an incenti incentive, ve, architects architects and and design design consultants are provided up to Rs 5 lakh or each project ≤ 50 00 sq m Rs 3,14,000 (Rs 2,50,0 0 0 upon achieving the stipulated targets. xed cost for registration and secretariat fees + Rs 64,000 MNRE has modifed the provisions o the scheme to for evaluation) exempt the frst 100 government/public sector buildings >50 00 sq m Rs 3,14,000 (xed cost rom paying the registration-cum-rating ee to the GRIHA for projects up to 5000 sq m) Secretariat in advance at the time o registration. Projects + Rs 3.75 per sq m over desirous o availing this incentive however have to commit and above 5000 sq m of to achieving a high rating. A minimum 3 star rating and built area above is prescribed or projects smaller than 5000 sq m and
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Cover Story a minimum 4 star and a nd above is prescribed or projects projects larger than 5000 sq m. Te prescribed ormat or ‘undertaking’ can be obtained rom the GRIHA Secretariat. Application or GRIHA rating consisting o registration orm, project details, the undertaking given by the competent authority on the ocial letterhead and a nd the project drawings can be submitted to the GRIHA Secretariat. Te GRIHA Secretariat shall conduct a preliminary review o the documents and hold a meeting to confrm compliance with mandatory requirements and evaluate possible level o star rating. Based on the outcome o this meeting, the GRIHA Secretariat shall sha ll recommend the sanction o incentives rom the Ministry. Projects that are not likely to achieve more than 2 star can still register register with the GRIHA Secretariat Secretariat or rating by paying the registration-cum-rating ees. Te Ministry is also encouraging urban local bodies to ormulate green building promotion policies through discounts on premium and property tax by giving them a one time grant o up to Rs 50 lakhs to acilitate the process o policy ormulation and awareness building.
A total o 13 ‘Evaluato ‘Evaluators rs and rainers Workshops orkshops’’ or providing trainings tra inings to architects, arch itects, engineers engi neers and a nd ocials rom Central and State Governments and PSUs including CPWD, National Buildings Construction Corporation (NBCC), National Termal Power Corporation Ltd. (NPC) etc., have been organised. Over 600 building proessionals have taken part in these programmes and nearly 200 o them have qualifed in the examination as trainers or evaluators. Tese GRIHA certifed proessionals are urther generating awareness about green buildings.
The achievemen achievements ts
Conclusion
Te Ministry has created the A ssociation or Development Development and Research on Sustainable Habitats (ADaRSH) an independent registered society or promotion and implementation o GRIHA rating system in the country. ● Te Committee o Secretaries has taken a decision that all new buildings o the Central Government/Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) would at least meet the requirements o GRIHA 3 stars, though every eort would would be made by them to achieve a higher star rating wherever wherever site site conditions conditions permit. permit. Ideally Ideally,, all organisations organisations would would aim at at reaching reaching GRIHA 4 stars rating. rating. 117 projects have already alre ady been registered or GRIHA GR IHA ● So ar, 117 rating certifcation with 4.98 million sq m built up area. 81 projects out o these are rom various government departments, PSUs and educational institutions. A total built up area o 3.38 million sq m has been registered or construction based on green rating norms or acquiring GRIHA ratings. ● Suzlon One Earth, Pune (5 star), Police raining School, asgaon (4 star), Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi (3 star) and Hindustan Unilever Limited, Mumbai (2 star) have also been rated under GRIHA, so ar. ● Te Central Public Works Department (CPWD) has decided to ollow GRIHA ratings in all building built by them in the uture. CPWD is in the process o amending its work manual commensurate with the GRIHA ratings. ● CPWD raining Institute, Ghaziabad has been recognised as a ‘Centre o Excellence or Green Buildings’. Te Centre
It has become imperative to have all uture constructions as green as possible. Although the government has taken a lead in this direction d irection,, or substantial results the private sector sector must come orward. It is the duty o every citizen to protect the environment and use renewable energy as much as possible. Lack o appropriate inormation and tendencies to ollow ashionable trends that are short lived oten lead us to provide ‘international’ ‘international ’ comort conditions in our buildings, at the cost o very high energy consumption. It should be our endeavour to help secure the energy and resource uture o our country through green buildings and habitats suitable to our country and people. It is also relevant in the increasing gap between demand and supply o energy in India. Green buildings can play a very vital role in conserving the ossil uel based energy. When a number o green buildings are located in proximity, they would create a green zone, provide a much healthier environment and minimise the heat island eect. Te ultimate aim should then be to create many such areas, which which would would help help the towns towns and cities cities and there thereor oree the natio nation n in reducing the total energy requirement and also the overall global carbon ootprint. ❂
●
will provide provide technical technical and training support support to proessi proessionals onals including government gover nment ocials, cials , engineers engine ers and a nd architects, arch itects, besides consultancy services on green buildings. ● GRIHA Manuals containing a set o 5 volumes prepared under MNRE Project were released by Dr Farooq Abdullah, Hon’bl Hon’blee Minister Minister o New and Renewable Renewable Energy in the National Workshop on Green Buildings on 7 January 2011.
Capacity building
Te author is Director, Ministry o New and Renewable Energy, New Delhi.
For urther details on Green Buildings and the GRIHA Rating System please contact contact CEO, ADaRSH (GRIHA (GRIH A Secretariat) at [email protected] or visit ww w.grihaindia.org
Apr il 2011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
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MNRE Event
Development of Solar Cities: Agra Second Sec ond stakeholders stakeholders meeting Agra’s Agra’s solar city master plan which is ready now was presented presented at this thi s meeting.
T
he second stakeholders usual demand or the t he years 2013/1 2013/18 8 meeting as part o developing and also the action plan to reduce the Agra, the City City o the the aj, aj, as a projected demand by 10 per cent. solar city was successully held in the Tis master plan o Agra was Circuit House, District Magistrate’s presented at the meeting to the Oce, Agra on 5 March 2011. Agra is city’s esteemed stakeholders. Te a participant in the Ministry o New meeting was chaired by Shri Deepak and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Gupta, Secretary, Secretary, MNRE. A lso Government o India, programme present were Mr Ajay Chauhan, on ‘Development o Solar Cities’. Cities’. District Magistrate, Agra; Mr Vinay Te national programme aims at Shankar Pandey, Nagar Ayukt, enabling up to 60 cities to develop Agra Nagar Nigam Nigam and Mr Raj master plans or road maps or Kumar Srivastava, CDO, Agra. becoming solar cities through energy Te meeting was attended by the reduction targets and action plans. presidents o several local industry ICLEI – Local Governments or associations, the architects’ association Sustainability, South Asia, a Delhi and representatives rom Agra’s based NGO was entrusted by the commercial and institutional sectors. Agra Nagar Nigam (ANN) to prepare prepare Te Secretary, Secretary, MNRE, MNR E, answered Agra’s Agra’s solar solar city roadmap. roadmap. Te ICLEI ICLEI queries rom the stakeholders and also Local Governments or Sustainability, urged the participants to promote prepared the Agra master plan report the adoption o renewable energy contains the current energy scenario technologies throughout the city. o the city, the projected business-asSeveral recommendations were
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made by the stakeholders to ANN and included: inviting public comments or the Solar City master plan, generating awareness about the programme amongst the citizens o Agra, demonstration projects or renewable energy technologies, upgradation o municipal municipal services to increase eciency, innovative applications o renewable energy such as biogas plants in dairies, holding an exhibition on renewable energy and energy eciency eciency or citizens and mak ing the plan available online to citizens. Policy level measures, such as amendments to the building bye laws and ofering rebates in electricity charges were also suggested. With the master plan or Agra now ready, ready, the city city is eager to incorporate the suggestions made during the meeting and move on to the next phase o implementation. b
MNRE Event
Integrating Green Building Concepts in Public Works e Government has mandated a 3 star GRIHA rating for all buildings constructed by the CPWD and this Seminar was organised to drive home the need for Green Buildings across all sections of the Department. Depar tment.
A
Seminar on Integrating Green Building Concepts in Public Works was organised by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) Training Institute at Ghaziabad on 27 and 28 April 2011. 2011. Shri Deepak Deepa k Gupta, Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), who also declared the CPWD Training Institute as a Centre for Excellence for Green Buildings, inaugurated the programme. He said that with the projected energy demand, thermal energy is not likely to be a solution and renewable sources can meet only part of the requirement, thus Green Construction to reduce the demand has to be taken up aggressively and universally. e Chief Guest, Shri Navin Kumar, Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), (MoUD), emphasised emphasised that the CPWD is a prime mover of construction practices particularly in the Government and
public sector and it is essential that it takes the initiative to aggressively incorporate green features in the works works it takes up. up. He He added that he was condent condent that that the Institut Institutee would would live up to its responsibilities as a Centre of Excellence in this area. e speakers at the seminar included ocers from MNR M NRE E and CPWD, consultants, academicians and representatives from Bureau of Energy Energ y Eciency cienc y (BEE) and e Energy Research Institute (TERI). e presentations covered all aspects of Green Buildings including, rating systems, passive architecture, solar appliances, appliances, materials, case studies and policy directions. Shri Sushant Baliga, Additional Additional Director General (Training), CPWD during the opening remarks said that the Seminar had been organised so that the need for Green Buildings is driven home across all the Departmental Depar tmental O cers. Shri C
S Prasad, Director General, CPWD stated that the recent policy of the Government of India has ensured Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment Assessment (GRIHA) (GRIHA) compliance in all future Governments buildings, therefore it is imperative that all personnel in the Government dealing with infrastructure are made aware of Green Buildings and their implications. Shri Vinod Gupta, Architect, Space Design Design Consultants Consultants in the keynote address - ‘Building Sustainably’ - gave examples of technologies, which had been implemented in a variety of projects. An Exhibition Exhibition of Green Building projects - Jawahar Bhawan, for the Ministry of External Aairs and Paryawaran Bhawan, for the Ministry of Environment and Forests both at New Delhi - taken up by CPWD as well as innovativ innovativee Green Green Building materials was also arranged at the venue.
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MNRE Event
Rashtriya Urja Jana-Jagriti Abhiyan “Te IIES IIE S 201 2011 is indeed an important event. Te Summit has to discuss di scuss how to evolve energy energy independency independency policy or the nations. It means nations graduating to renewable energy and the going away o ossil uels”. Dr A P J Abdul Kalam
R
ashtriya Urja Jana-Jagriti Abhiyan Abhiyan (RUJJA) (RUJJA),, in its rst phase started as a three tier program o three events - the Urja Yatra Yatra rom rom 1212-27 27 January January 201 2011, the the 1st 1st India International Energy Summit (IIES) on 28-30 January 2011 at Nagpur and an Energy Expo on 27-30 27-30 January Januar y 2011 2011 also als o at Nagpur. It is organised by Vijnana Bharati, New Delhi in collaboration with Ministry o New and Renewable Energy, Government o India with the ocal theme o ‘Sustainable Energy Development: time or innovation and integrated planning’. RUJJA, an ambitious programme is aimed as a set o inclusive phased activities to appeal to all stake holders - the public, the policy makers, manuacturers and specialists alike. Te deliberations,
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suggestions eedback and the knowledge exchange are expected to accelerate mainstreaming and up scaling o sustainable energy technologies. Te Urja Yatra started rom 4 corners o India, crossed through 18 States, covered 8000 kms and culminated at Nagpur, Maharashtra on 27 January 2011. Te yatra discovered and highlighted many successul yet unsung experiments in sustainable energy in obscure pockets o India. It served as a conscience nudge to ellow citizens and leaders alike to ollow suit to usher in a clean, sel reliant, developed India. IIES was hosted by Visvesvaraya National Institute o echnology echnology (VNI), Nagpur. It engaged the Government, industry, academia
and other activists and was aimed at inuencing policy making and program implementation processes in the country. Te summit was a meeting o minds to exchange experiences and threw up resh ideas through a number o papers by successul experimenters as well as researchers. A distinctive eature o this program was the institution o a mechanism to ollow up the recommendations with various Government bodies and NGOs and continually assess the impact or ongoing course correction and innovation when required. Te event programme included plenary sessions and panel discussions; parallel sessions; local sel government’s meet; business to business and business to consumers meets; NGOs’ meet; students’ meet; nationwide renewable energy and energy efciency competitions; and ocused training workshops. Te Energy Expo was a visual treatise o strides the world has made in sustainable energy technologies and achievements that can be emulated and scaled up or benet o the nation. It showcased the latest trends, technologies, and success stories in the elds o energy efciency and renewable energy technology applications. b
New Tech
Tripada International School A geothermal heat pump success story
A step towards renewable renewabl e energy ree years back the Tripada International School in Ahmedabad installed a geothermal heat pump to regulate the temperature in its library. e system was installed by Shri Minesh Patel of Geo Clinic. Initially the school hesitated to install the system due to high investment,
but now they are quite satised with the technology benets and advantages of the system. e pump has been installed utilising the land of COP/ground area where the loops are buried horizontally. With electrici electricity ty costs sky rocketing rocketing a geothermal/ground source heat pump can be a sustainable alternative. Geothermal heat pumps are a new technology whose benets include: Electricity saving up to 50 per cent Negligible maintenance Both heating and cooling from one unit Equipment life of around 20 years
Eco friendly system Renewable energy Invisible technology Innovative and aesthetic design Lower life cycle cost Applications: Applications: Domestic/r Domestic/residen esidential, tial, hospitals, hotels, clubs, schools, colleges, industries, commercial buildings etc. Parameters of the system Heat pump type: water to air Tonnage: 3 ton Ground loop: horizontal type Area of library: library: 580 580 sq ft Loop length: 2160 ft Loop eld area: 60 x 60 ft Estimated energy saving: 34 per cent.
Green building tech sab apnao Nature aur money dono bachao.
Pradeep Mehra
Rasiklal Ke Akshay Ak shay Dohe...
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RE Tech Updates
RE TEch
echnology echnology in the t he area o renewable renewable energy is i s evolving and a nd expanding its limits at a rapid pace. Here we bring you glimpses o the latest research in i n and products related to renewable energy. New gearless wind turbine for low to moderate wind speeds Siemens Energy has launched a new direct drive gearless wind turbine or low to moderate wind speeds. spee ds. Te core eature o the new SW SW -2.3-1 -2.3-113 wind turbine turbine is an innova innovative tive drive drive concep conceptt with a compact compact permanen permanentt magnet generator. Tis type o generator is characterised by its simple, robust design, requiring no excitation e xcitation power, power, slip rings or excitation control systems. Tis results in high eciency even at low loads. With a capacity o 2.3 MW and a rotor diameter o 113 m the new wind turbine is designed to maximise power production at sites with low to moderate wind speeds. Te SW-2. SW-2.3-1 3-113 13 is tted tted with with the new new Siemens Siemens B55 Quantum Blades. Tis new blade design boosts eciency and optimises perormance. A prototype o the new machine was installed in the Netherlands in March 2011. www.siemens.com, 14 March 2011 2011
LGate 101 Solar Monitoring System Locus Energy launched the LGate 101, a power-metre/data-logger that enables solar integrators and developers to collect, monitor and manage perormance data rom any type o residential photovoltaic (PV) system. Combined with the web-based Locus Platorm that provides an overview dashboard as well as patented analytics, the LGate 101 enables solar eet operators to gather data or troubleshooting, asset optimisation and perormance guarantee/billing unctions. Te LGate 101 has the ollowing eatures: Embedded ANSI C12.20 class 50 revenue-grade power-metre/ power-metre/data-logger data-logger built into a NEMA NEM A 3R enclosure; Installation Insta llation in less than one hour and works with almost any type o inverter; Collection o electricity consumption and revenue-grade PV production data; Inverter-direct communication and ault detection; Communications via Ethernet, powerline or cellular networks; Plug and play connectivity with remote upgrades. www.locusenerg y.com , 29 March 201 2 011 1
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Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
New 20/20 LED ligting system SOL, Inc. introduced its new 20/20 Solar LED Lighting System, a light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system in the outdoor outdoor lighting industry industr y with a distinctive orm and engineered optical perormance. Te 20/20 increases pole spacing and lighting uniormity, simpliyin simpliyingg installation with with a solar solar pole pole.. Te Te lumin luminaire aire,, light engine, photovoltaic (PV) assembly a ssembly and pole o the commercial-grade 20/20 light are designed rom the ground up to exceed the demands o modern solar light perormance and durability. 20/20's extended battery reserve powers the light through poor weather conditions and SOL's FivePlus System Warranty enables years o lighting. Designed or parking lots, perimeter security secu rity,, bike paths, walkways, streets and roadways, the 20/20 light can be deployed virtually anywhere to provide light every night. Te 20/20 light also ofers enhanced autonomy autonomy through an intelligent controller controller that allows a llows dimming or programmed run times. www.solarlighting.com 22 March 2011 2011
RE Techin Advertise compat Solar carger for andelds Goal Zero, a creator o portable solar power systems, announced the availability o the Guide 10 Adventure Kit, K it, an e e cient compact solar solar charging system or handheld devices. A lightweight solar charging system sy stem created or broad unctionality, unctionality, the Kit K it unctions as a pocket size battery charger or a variety o USB and DC portable devices. Fully charged, the t he Kit delivers enough portable power to charge a cell phone or 30 hours, a smart phone or 7-10 hours, or an iPod or 40 hours. It consists o a AA/AA A A/AAA-battery-com A-battery-compatible patible power power pack and a 7 W solar panel system composed o monocrystalline solar cells, providing a high return electricity rate. Te durable solar panels attract enough energy to ully charge the AA/AAA batteries in the power pack within 1.5 hours o ull sunlight. Users can then charge their handheld devices by connecting them to the compact power pack’s USB or 12 V output ports. www.goalzero.com, 30 March 2011 2011
Akshay Urja is widely circulated to all stakeholders of renewable energy. Akshay Urja invites advertisement (in colour) from interested organisations,
Inverter for solar plants AEG Power ower Soluti Solution onss has has laun launche ched d a new solar solar power inverter Protect PV.500. A key eature o the Protect PV product line is its power stack with with advan advanced ced design design measurin measuringg and and con contro troll technology enabling DC input voltages o up to 1000 VDC. Protect PV.500 is directly derived rom the technology developed or the highly successul success ul Protect PV.250, PV.250, whose whose certied certied ecienc ciencyy yield yieldss 98. 98.7 7 per per cent cent acco accordi rding ng to Europ European ean standard 50530. With an appropriate appropriate transormer, it can aalso lso be adapted to the medium voltage grid (e.g. 10, 20, 33 kV). Te Protect PV.500 is ully compliant with BDEW BDEW guidelines or energy producing installations and thus contributes to overall grid stability. Te product has been launched in Europe and Asia, and will soon be available in the US market. www.aegps.com, 04 April 2011
hig Performane Sic Diodes for solar panel inverters ROHM Semiconductor has released a new series o high perormance silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky barrier diode (SBD), eaturing industry leading low orward voltage and ast recovery time, resulting in higher hig her power conversion c onversion eciency. Te new SCS1xx SCS1xxAGC AGC series are capable o maintaining low orward voltage over a wide operating temperature. Te low VF contributes to reduced conduction loss while the ultra short reverse recovery time enables high speed switching, while minimises switching loss. http://japantechniche.com, 05 April 2011
manufacturers, institutions, etc. The advertisement tariffs are as follows:
Advertisement Area
Inside Front Cover
40,000
Inside Back Cover
40,000 Full Page
25,000 Avail a discount of of 20 per cent on 3 consecutive and 25 per cent on 6 consecutive advertisements.
Interested organisations may write to:
Editor, Akshay Urja Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Block - 14, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-1 Delhi -110003 10003 Tel: +91 11 2436 3035, 23360707 Fax: +91 11 7413, 2436 1298 Apr il 2 011 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 4 Issue 5 ●
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RE Feature
Green Building Policy and Code Codes
Increasing market penetration o energy efcient products and processes through the central government and industry associations, utility companies, com panies, regulato regu latory ry commissi commissions, ons, and energy service companies have helped compile building codes and standards that are applicable at the local and national levels o the country. Tanmay Tathagat
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RE Feature
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oday, programmes or increasing market penetration penetr ation o energy energ y ecient products and processes exist in myriad orms voluntary programmes, voluntary industrial agreements, agre ements, building bui lding and a nd appliance e e ciency standards and labels, inormation programmes, best practices and benchmarking programmes, state market transormation programmes, nancing and procurement. Tese programmes are being designed and implemented by government, industries and industry associations, public private partnerships (PPPs) and non governmental organisations (NGOs). Tough Tough so ar a r the central government and industry associations have played a stronger role in this arena; but utility companies, regulatory commissions, and energy service companies are now beginning to assert their role. India has many central and local authorities and bodies that help compile building codes and standards that are applicable at the local and national levels. Tere are three signicant codes/regulations that have been developed by national bodies: Te Bureau o Indian Standards (BIS), National Building Code (NBC), which covers all aspects o building design and construction; Energ y Eciency (BEE), Energy Energ y Te Bureau o Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC), which target building build ing energy energ y eciency; ciency ; and Te Ministry o Environment and Forests (MoEF), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and clearance. Among these codes/regulatio codes/regulations, ns, the ECBC is expected to have the most signicant impact on a buildings energy perormance.
Buildings complying complying with the requirements of the MOEF’s MOEF ’s environment impact impact assessment (EIA) will fulfil most of the requirements of popular green building rating systems. provide a holistic approach to designing and constructing sustainable buildings. Te chapter ocuses on the integrated nature o design a nd adopts a cradle to grave approach or buildings.
Energy Conservation Building Codes
ECBC was ormally launched in May 2005 as a provision o the Energy Conservation Act o 2001. As per the Act, ECBC will be mandatory or buildings with a connected load o 100 kW or a contract demand o 120 kVA or more. ECBC ocuses only on the operation energy use impact o a building and specic maximum and minimum limitations on a number o key building eatures to reduce a buildings energy use. ECBC has both prescriptive and perormance based compliance paths. Te prescriptive path species the minimum requirements or the building envelope and energy systems (lighting, HVAC, service water, heating and electrical) that should be adopted. While the perormance based compliance path requires the application o whole building build ing simulation simu lation approach to prove e e ciency over base ba se building as dened by the code. ECBC takes into account location and occupancy o the buildings and provides minimum standards or reducing energy demand o the National Building Code buildings through design and construction practices while Building bye laws in India all under the purview o state enhancing the occupants’ comort. governments and vary in administrative regions within BEE is acilitating the adoption o the policy at the the states. BIS developed the NBC in the early 1980s state level as well as providing technical support or the as a guiding code or municipalities and development development o the codes and standards. A number o authorities to ollow in ormulating and adopting building sotware, tools, tip sheets, case studies and a comprehensive bye laws. oday, NBC is the reerence standard or most user manual are now ready and available to the building construction designs in the country. In its initial orm the proessionals. Te ECBC document is complementary to voluntary code covered most aspects o building design the NBC 2005. Several reerences to natural ventilation, and construction, with only a small part dedicated to daylighting, lighting, comort, and other standards in the energy energ y eciency. However, the revised the NBC 2005, 20 05, document are also detailed out in the NBC. Te sustainability in its latest version provides guidance on aspects aspect s o energy chapter o NBC reers to the ECBC document or specic conservation as well as a s aspects o sustainable sust ainable development. development. energy e e ciency standards sta ndards or or buildings and components. Te NBC provides general guidance on potential energy Te EC Act and ECBC do not directly address the small eciency aspects aspec ts o actors a ctors like daylight daylig ht integration, integ ration, commercial and residential building segment. Te heaviest articial lighting requirements and heating, ventilating, energy end use in these smaller buildings is in the orm o and air conditioning (HVAC) design standards. A new appliances and equipment. Tis appliance energy use is chapter on sustainability is being added to the NBC to being targeted t argeted through BEE’s BEE’s energy energ y e ciency standards sta ndards
Apr il 2011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
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RE Feature and labelling programme.
consuming segment - the commercial, institutional and Environmental Impact Assessment residential buildings. GRIHA has now been adopted as Te MoEF’s EIA is an important measure or ensuring the national green building rating system and MNRE has optimal use o natural resources or sustainable developed incentives to promote it among architects and development. EIA was made mandatory in India under the building owners. Additionally, MNRE has initiated several Environmental Protection Act (1986) or 29 categories o programmes or the integration o renewable energy in large scale developmental activities. Te requirement or buildings. building energy perormance in the EIA is a combination building ng green in India o related terms in NBC and ECBC. Te EIA E IA requirements Key barriers to buildi are extremely pertinent and relevant, and i properly Sustainable building design and construction practices ace implemented, will result in a signicant reduction in the a number o complex and interrelated barriers which can environmental impact o buildings. In act, buildings operate at various levels starting rom government policy complying with the requirements o the MoEF’s EIA will to the technical expertise and knowledge o a construction ull most o the requirements o popular green building site worker. worker. One One key barrier to green buildin buildings gs in India is rating systems. the adoption o inappropriate western design and comort ideals. Even though the climatic conditions and liestyle Green building rating systems in the west and consequently the building designs are Tere are two major green building rating systems currently drastically dierent, there is a tendency among the Indian operating in India: LEED India and GRIHA. Industry design industry and a nd building owners/developers owners/developers to ape them. associations and the private industry have played an Tis is a critical barrier to eective energy ecient design in important role in promoting the green building movement the country. Although there are several excellent examples in India. Te Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) is o traditional buildings that maximise thermal and visual acilitating the Leadership in Energy and Environmental comort in buildings, these traditio trad itions ns need to be transormed tra nsormed Design (LEED) rating o the United States Green Building and adapted or modern design o commercial commercial buildings. Council (USGBC) in India. It has developed several India At the policy policy level, level, tough mandatory mandatory standards are specic ratings, namely LEED-India, Green-Homes and seen more as an impediment to growth and industry and Green-Factories. Te IGBC also oers training, technical most programmes preer to opt or voluntary compliance assistance, and other capacity building programmes to and less stringent standards. Tis attitude is shiting slowly industry associations and industries. ater the success o some o the industry and appliance Te Energy and Resources Institute (ERI) jointly standards programmes. International examples have proven with the Ministry o New and Renewable Renewable Energy that mandatory and uniormly implemented codes and (MNRE) has developed the Green Rating or Integrated standards are the only way to achieve substantial impact o Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) or the emerging energy any energy eciency measure.
Integrated green roo and solar hot water systems
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Apr il 2011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
RE Feature Integrated design strategies based on climate
In the absence o mandatory standards or green and energy ecient buildings in India, I ndia, most municipalities do not have a uniorm and practicable energy code especially or passive and solar designs. Tere are no clea clearr implementation implementation guidelines in place or state and a nd municipal bodies to develop and implement building build ing energy energ y eciency programmes progra mmes and policies. Tere is also no eective local implementation inrastructure or code administration and enorcement including code checking and inspections. Building owners tend to under invest in green technologies and energy eciency during building design de sign and construction because o the split incentives. Te developers do not gain rom the initial investments in building energy e e ciency and thus pass on the cost o ineciency to the tenants tena nts and the environment. envi ronment. Te current high cost o borrowing can be a strong impediment to incremental unding unding in eciency that would be oset o set by uture savings o energy costs.
Overcoming the barriers: implementation approach Te approach to transorming the current construction paradigm towards a more sustainable approach can only be achieved through collective eort, involving all the major stakeholders in the construction industry, the policy makers, the nancial institutions, end users, and the developer community. A detailed action action plan plan with time and result bound targets needs to be developed in close consultation with these these stakehol stakeholder ders. s. At the policy policy level, level, there is still still not enough signicance signica nce given to the building sector. Although the process o implementing the current ECBC, with w ith its moderate
At the policy level, tough mandatory standards are seen more as an impediment to growth and industry and most programmes prefer to opt for voluntary compliance and less stringent standards.
stringency levels, level s, is in progress; a more dynamic and long term uture orientation o building energy policy is needed. Te uture with a zero net energy building target, thereore, is the next major leap orward in the policy approach. A transparent, transpa rent, fexible, and eective implementation mechanism needs to be developed in order to overcome the traditional code compliance related concerns. Te implementing agencies need to be strengthened and supported with technical details and best practices. Tey also need to be monitored to ensure transparent enorcement. Although India has one o the highest electricity taris or commercial buildings and the costs o renewable energy systems are coming down, a major barrier to the widespread adoption o renewable energy and energy eciency technologies is the t he initial cost o investment. A larger larger market market or or such such prod products ucts and and techno technolog logies; ies; a policy policy environment providing substantive incentives or developmen de velopmentt and implementation; and import o energy ecient products/ technologies are necessary or high perormance buildings to be mainstreamed. ❂ Te author is Director, Environmental Design Solutions (EDS), New Delhi.
Apr il 2011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
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Opinion
Green BuildinGs Rating systems provide an impetus oday almost almost every major country has ha s its own green building rating standard. Hendrik Rosenthal
he recent focus on green
T
However,, much remains to be done if However
jurisdictions around the world
buildings in Asia is an
we are to capture the hidden value of
developed their own green building
encouraging trend for an
carbon that the industry has to offer.
rating systems some time ago,
intensive and energy hungry.
provide a good start. Major
industry that is both resource
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Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
Green building rating systems
notably the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
Opinion in the United States and the BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) in the United Kingdom. In the Asian Asia n region, though new systems started sprouting up only in the last several years; today almost every major country has its own
Improvements in energy efficiency are the Improvements key to unlocking massive carbon reduction potential. The industry still has some s ome way to go before it can understand and account for its wider impact on society and the planet.
green building standard. And one of the latest additions is the Indonesian
perspective become apparent.
forthcoming and have adapted to the
Greenship Rating Tool for New
Questions about carbon intensity of
climatic conditions relevant for South
Buildings.
construction materials, or queries
and South East Asia. Green building
about social and environmental
standards have helped in this regard.
That’s all fine and well but voluntary standards alone do not
impacts of manufacturing manufacturi ng processes,
make a building, let alone a whole
are often met with resistance and
project is the Cybertecture Egg
sector of the economy, green or
at times plain ignorance on part of
currently in the conceptual design
sustainable. From a regional context,
both the supplier/manufacturer as
stage for a site at the Bandra Kurla
a really promising part of green
well as the construction contractor.
Complex in Mumbai. Developed
building standards is the fact that
Many companies operating in the
by lead architect James Law from
Singapore has moved to level the
industry simply to do not know their
Cybertecture, it won the CNBC Asia
playing field by requiring all new built
environmental and social impacts,
Pacific Commercial Property Awards
structures to achieve a minimum level
and are even less able to quantify
2009 – The Architecture Award India.
of efficiency and ‘green’ based on
their impact on climate change via
The project pushes building design
the local Building and Construction
carbon foot printing. The industry
traditionally based on concrete and
Authority (BCA) Green Mark scheme.
still has ha s some way to go before it can
steel to a whole new level, one that
India is experiencing a boom of green
understand and account for its wider
allows for maximum gains in space
buildings – 96 projects in Mumbai
impact on society and the planet.
and performance while utilising
alone have been registered with
Energy intensity of building
An excellent example of an ongoing
construction materials with outmost
the Indian Green Building Council
operations is the other important
(IGBC). But building regulations that
component of a building, representing
mandate certain green features like
over 70 per cent of a building’s lifetime li fetime
systems are only one part of the
solar panels or efficiency measures
carbon footprint. Efficient Ef ficient operations
puzzle and by themselves do not
like double glazed windows are still
of lighting, appliances, heating and
solve the myriad issues the industry
far away.
cooling equipment, as well as building
is facing today. But it is encouraging
management systems are not only
that countries around the Asian
amount of resources for construction,
dependent on the purchase of the
region have developed their own
ranging from basic mining and
most up to date technologies but are
standards, clearly showing that
resource extraction (primarily for
heavily influenced by building design.
sufficient knowledge and commitment
steel, concrete and timber), to building
Thermal heat transfer is arguably the
exists. There is purpose also in this
material processing (primarily
most significant significa nt component of heat
development, developm ent, whereby standards sta ndards
from steel, concrete and timber), to
and cooling loss – primarily influenced
are being made relevant to local
construction techniques (primarily
by external walls, selection of window
regulations and climatic conditions.
using steel, concrete and timber). tim ber). On
types and site location. The building
However,, there is the danger that this However
the surface an efficient construction
envelope as an energy saving savi ng feature
multitude of standards may dilute
material supply chain has evolved in
has been ignored in most tropical
the overall sustainability objectives
the region, especially if one considers
countries with the onslaught of air
by watering down minimum levels of
economies of scale and abilities to
conditioning systems, based on the
efficiency in particular and material
make profits. However if one looks
argument that insulation to protect
selection more broadly. ❂
at this supply chain more deeply
from sub zero temperatures is never
to identify the source of materials,
required anyway. Fortunately, Fortunately,
difficulties from a sustainability
changes in building design have been
Buildings consume a tremendous
efficiency and care. As such, green building rating
Te author is Project Director, Association for Sustainable and Responsibl Re sponsiblee Investment in Asia (ASrIA) (ASrIA),, Hong Hong Kong. Kong.
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Case Study
Building a Green Campus NIIT University, Neemrana, Rajasthan e goal of the NIIT University campus was to establish standards by which campuses ought to be built as also to dene appropriat appropriatee ways of building building in in a hot hot and and dry desert desert regime. regime. Vinod Gupta
T
he NIIT University campus is located about half way between Delhi and Jaipur on National Highway 8, in a very dry and hot part of Rajasthan. An outcrop of the Aravalli Range to the east of the campus gives a special character to the site. Rainfall is scarce in this region but when it does rain, water running down the hills can cause ash oods. e promoters of the NIIT campus were keen to build an economically economically and a nd environmentally environmentally sustainable susta inable campus. e need for environmental sustainability is understandable, but economic sustainability meant that one had to build at an aordable price. Looking at the tools available for making a sustainable campus, one realised that simply making green buildings
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that are a re ecient users of water, wat er, energy and material m aterialss would not create a green campus. Even if the buildings managed wastes and and created created better better indoo indoorr air quality quality,, they would would not be able to create a sustainable campus. Much of the energy in a campus is used outside the buildings and even more so outside the campus. Students and teachers consume energy to get to the campus and that can sometimes be more than the energy they would consume in the buildings. Like any other large construction project, a campus construction also requires an environmental clearance. e environmental impact assessment (EIA) process, more broad based than green building norms, deals with existing technologies only and merely ensures compliance with existing standards sta ndards for water and energy use along a long with solid
Case Study and liquid waste management. Additionally, Additionally, EIA EI A deals with There was a realisation that simply natural features of the site and with building materials but making green buildings that are it does not promote alternative technology or behavioural efficient users of water, energy and change that can make a real dierence. e green goals of a large campus are severely limited by merely following the materials would would not create a green green building norms and the EIA process. e goal of the campus. NIIT University University campus ca mpus was to establish standards by which campuses ought to be built as also a lso to dene appropriate appropriate ways of building in the hot and dry desert region. - reducing the need for motorised transport within the campus. is minimised the need for pitched roads, and LAND in order to make this work well, shaded and rain protected e rst task was to establish the carrying capacity of the walkways have have been provi provided ded on the campus. campus. Studen Students ts live site and to use the available 75 acres in the best possible on the campus and walk to the academic areas from the way. way. Two important important guiding guiding factors factors for this were were water water hostels. On campus sta residential residential accommodation has not availability and the constraints of the zoning regulations. yet been completed and presently the sta commutes from e Neemrana region receives only 570 mm of rainfall the nearby residential areas by car pool. in a year and that limited the 75 acre site to about 3000 Green infrastructure planning at the NIIT campus resident students only. is number would not have been includes preservation of the natural water courses and economically sustainable for the University. Many towns grading with minimum cut and ll, keeping in line with in Rajasthan depend upon man made lakes for water the natural features of the land. e landscape was planned supply and on further investigation, it was found that the with local species species of plants plants that do not require require much much water water to site does not have a sustainable source of water supply due sustain and can withstand the rigours of the desert. Grassy to the nearby hills. For turning this disadvantage into an areas requiring high maintenance and irrigation, have been advantage, it was decided that rainwater from the hills would limited to a minimum. be harvested har vested by creating check dams and planting trees along the slopes. e water supply enhanced in this t his way would be WATER able to support a larger population that would be limited Having established a sustainable source of water and a only by the permitted oor area ratio (FAR). At the planned system for harvesting rainwater from the hills, the next step capacity of 7500 students, the NIIT campus ca mpus would be about was to create create a system system of water water use that that would would use use less water water 20 times the density of Jawaharlal Nehru University University (JNU), ( JNU), as well as a s treat and a nd reuse waste water. W Water ater conserving toilet New Delhi and 6 times the density of the Indian Institute Inst itute of xtures were used and a sewage treatment plant installed. Technology (IIT) Delhi. e treated waste water is used for drip irrigation of landscape Land is in short supply supply in India and a nd educational educational campuses ca mpuses within and outsid outsidee the the campus campus and for ushing ushing toil toilets ets in in the the are some of the biggest wasters of land. New IIT’s are being campus buildings. built on more than 1000 acres of land la nd and National Institutes ENERGY:: LIGHTING AND AIR of Technology (NIT’s) on 750 acres of land. Such campuses ENERGY will never never pass pass the the standard standard for sustainabili sustainability ty even even if they are CONDITIONING built with green buildings. Low density developments take Having planned an infrastructure that saves energy in away agricultural or forest land, create infrastructure with transport, the buildings were also designed to save energy high costs including high transportation costs leading to in lighting and in providing thermal comfort and dust higher carbon emissions. Traditional Traditional Indian towns were high control. e buildings were planned with windows facing density energy conserving places. e city of Jaipur is many north-south where passive sun shades could be provided to times denser than the newer planned city of Chandigarh. minimise the heat load on buildings. e class rooms and Most newly planned high density developments developments are designed laboratories laboratories use day light to the fullest. Shallower Sha llower class rooms simply to maximise FAR, not to reduce carbon emissions. where where windows windows can provi provide de adequate adequate day light were were planned planned e NIIT University campus is built on fallow land on the north side while deeper laboratories were planned on considered unusable for agriculture. e layout of the the south side where light shelves have been built to bring campus was designed to minimise development costs by light deep in to the space. Internal corridors and deeper putting students and teachers housing complexes complexes next to the rooms at the top oors are lit through skylights. ere are a academic buildings, making the campus entirely walkable few dark areas in the buildings without day lighting and it is
Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 Issue 5
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Case Study
planned to light these with a grid interactive system of solar photovoltaic (SPV) lighting without battery back up. Like other green buildings, the NIIT buildings have insulated walls and roof, but the system for thermal control required a great deal of thought. Simple passive architectural architectura l systems with natural nat ural ventilation cannot ca nnot provide dust dust control during summer and humidity control during the monsoon months. Passive downdraught systems are also incapable of controlling dust and a nd humidity. Evaporative cooling provides comfort during summer but not during monsoons. After due evaluation of the various options, it was decided to install instal l a combined system of evaporative evaporative cooling and regular air conditioning together with a system for pre-cooling fresh air by passing it through a system of underground tunnels. is system controls heat during summer, cold during winter winter and dust all a ll year round. round. It is a low energy system that provides a reasonable degree of comfort in the academic buildings at a low energy performance index (EPI) of 33 kWh/sq m/year. Comparatively the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) norm is 140 kWh/sq m/year for air conditioned buildings and a Green Rating Ratin g for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) 5 star rated academic building at Kanpur has an EPI of 98 kWh/sq m/year. After the rst set of buildings buildings were were built built and used, it was found found that the tunnel pre-coo pre-cooling ling system cost a lot lot more than originally envisaged and some of the newer buildings are being built without it. e combined system
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It is well known that green buildings cost more but it is not necessary that a green campus should cost more. The savings in infrastructure costs more than offset the additional additio nal costs of the buildings. of evaporative cooling and air conditioning has been found to be cost eective and that is being continued. However, winter winter heating heating is not not possible possible through through this system. system.
COSTS It is well known that green buildings cost more than other buildings but it is not necessary that a green campus should cost more than others. In case of the NIIT campus there were were savings due due to environm environment ent friendl friendlyy campus planning planning while the other other systems described described above above did cost more. more. Infrastructure costs of roads and services were reduced with compact walkable campus planning. e campus started with a very small developed developed area and the linear growth pattern allowed the cost of electricity, water supply, sewage and drainage to be limited since extra areas without without buildings did not have to be developed. e savings in infrastructure costs more than oset the additional costs of the buildings. e author is Head, Space Design Consultants, New Delhi.
RE Feature
Sanchar Bhawan
Statesman House
BEE Star rating or buildings
An initiative to promote energy efficiency in buildings Reserve Bank of India
Te BEE developed Energy Conservation Conservatio n Building Code (ECBC) is currently a volun vo luntar taryy programme, with a number o states adopting it as a mandatory requirement. Nafed
Sanjay Seth
Apr il 2011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
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RE Feature
T
he last couple o decades have seen a signicant increase in the share o the service sector in the Indian economy leading to an ever increasing demand or oce space. A demand which started in metro cities, that too only in central business districts (CBDs), has now expanded to the suburbs o the metros as well as to tier II and tier III cities in the country. country. Modern Modern oce buildings cater to higher quality working standards, essential or sectors like inormation technology, nancial services etc., or attracting customers as well as employees. However, the energy perormance index (EPI) o such spaces in India ranges rom 200 to 400 kWh/sq m/year whereas whereas similar buildings buildings in in developed developed nations nations have an EPI o less than t han 150 kWh/sq kWh/sq m/year. Te importance and need or energy eciency has been growing among the government, corporate and individual consumers in India. Apart rom an urge to develop a sustainable susta inable environment, the need to reduce reduce the cost o energy has also been a motivator or the various stakeholders. It has been estimated that globally building activities contribute about 50 per cent o air pollution, 42 per cent o greenhouse gases, gases , 50 per cent o all water pollution, 48 per cent cent o all solid wastes wastes and 50 per per cent cent o all chloro chlorouo uorocar rocarbon bonss (CF (CFCs Cs)) to the environment, thus vindicating the concern. The increasing energy needs
Buildings account or approximately 30 per cent o the overall electricity consumption in the country, it is critical that
policy interventions are made to improve energy eciency in both new construction as well as existing buildings. Commercial buildings or establishments have been included in the list o industries and other establishments under the Energy Conservation Act (2001), but so ar they have not been notied as a Designated De signated Consumer. Te rapid increase increase in the energy intensity o commercial buildings has been under the government scanner or a while now. Tough the overall share o the commercial sector in electricity consumption is only about 6.6 per cent, it has been growing at a rate o 11-12 per cent over the last ew years. Tis rate o increase in energy energ y consumption is much more more rapid than the rate o increase in the t he oor area o commercial buildings, which is about about 9 per cent cent per per year. year. Towards achieving energy efciency
Tere are a number o measures such as building codes, policy interventions, labelling/rating systems, appliance standards, etc. to streamline eforts to promote energy eciency in the buildings sector. Building rating systems are a popular tool to add momentum in achieving energy eciency. Tese help in assessing the level o perormance o the building and provide opportunities in reducing the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs o the building besides creating a market pull towards environmentally sustainable buildings. However, most green rating programmes are based on design intent and do not not rate energy perormance o existing ex isting buildings through a systematic evaluation process.
Future trend of building sector in India 120000 6428 7909
100000 8%
80000
19998
t f q s n o 60000 i l l i M 40000
20000
10%
8% 69823 950 730 2900 16300
5%
Year
2005 Residential
Source: Growth o Indian Building Sector (CWF, 2010)
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Commercial & Oce
2030 Hospitality
Retail
RE Feature
In order to enable rapid transormation towards energy eciency in buildings, policies and measures that create a ‘supply push’, such as codes and standards need to be supplemented by policies and measures that simultaneously create a ‘demand pull’ as well. Tis ‘demand pull’ attracts building users towards energy ecient buildings, building s, and thus creates a preerential market demand. On the ‘supply push’ side, BEE has developed the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) which provides minimum energy perormance standards or energy ecient commercial buildings with a connected load o 100 kW and above. Te ECBC is currently a voluntary programme, with a number o states adopting it as a mandatory requirement. Further both Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Green Rating or Integrated Habitat Assessment Assessment (GRIHA) rating systems have adopted adopted ECBC as a minimum compliance requirement. BEE has developed a Star Rating programme or buildings which which is based based on the actual actual peror perormanc mancee o a buildi building ng in terms o its specic energy usage in kwh/sq m/year. Tis programme program me rates oce buildings build ings on a 1-5 Star scale, sca le, with 5 Star labelled lab elled buildings bui ldings being be ing the most ecient. Te scheme is propagated on a voluntary basis and the label provided under it is applicable or a period o 5 years rom the date o issue. Te Star Rating programme provides public recognition to energy energ y ecient buildings, building s, and creates creates a ‘demand side’ pull or such buildings. build ings. Various categories cate gories o buildings build ings such as a s oce buildings (day use and business process outsourcing (BPOs)), (BPOs)), shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and I parks in the ve climatic zones o the country have been identied under the scheme. Te rating normalises or operational characteristics that dene the building use, u se, hours o operation, climatic zone and conditioned space. Further to provide a useul benchmark the rating also provides a meaningul comparison to the building’s peer group representing those buildings that have the same primary business unction, and operating characteristics. It is important that the rating be based on an analysis o national data that accurately reects the distribution o energy use or each building type. Te national energy perormance rating is a type o external benchmark that helps energy managers to assess how eciently their buildings use energy, energ y, relative to similar buildings nationwide. Additionally, building owners and managers can use the perormance ratings to help identiy buildings that ofer the best opportunity or improvement and recognition. BEE continuously reviews its technical approach to the development o the rating system to ensure an
In a developing economy like India improved improv ed energy efficiency is a primary goal which could be achieved through through promotion of higher performance standards in buildings.
accurate, equitable, and statistically robust rating, because each building type has unique eatures that impact energy e e ciency. ciency. BEE has also taken up the exercise o standardisation o energy data collection which assists in comparative assessment and target setting in existing buildings. In case o new constructions, benchmarked energy consumption data helps in more efective implementation o ECBC. As the benchmar benchmarkk energy energy peror perormanc mancee o comme commerc rcial ial buildings also requires energy energ y perormance o various elements o building, BEE has initiated an energy rating programme or window acades, insulation, etc. thus equipping the end consumer with a more inormed choice. In a developing economy like India I ndia improved energy ene rgy e e ciency is a primar pri mary y goal which could be achieved through promotion o higher perormance standards in buildings. Building rating and verication systems are an efective measure to encourage building owners to go beyond the minimum. Creating an awareness o these systems would add substantial momentum to promote energy e e ciency in buildin bu ildings. gs. ❂ Te author is Energy Economist in charge o Building Programme, Bureau o Energ y Eciency, Government o India, Minist Mi nistry ry o Power.
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RE Feature
e e l b a n n i a S u s t e r u t c e t t i A rc h v e s a t i v e r n t t l A t n e m p D e v e lo t e r s r a u q d a e H Wo r ld
Te design, materials, and techniques used to make the Headquarters demonstrate demonstrate a undamental u ndamental alternative or the construction o comortable, green, and aordabl a ordablee buildings o many types. Zeenat Niazi
T
he Development Alternatives (DA) World Headquarters building in New Delhi exemplies environmentally sustainable architecture and can be described as a living ecosystem. Te building is a ne balance o natural and man made processes employing environment riendly energy, material and water management mana gement methods. Te DA World Headquarters includes spaces or oces, training acilities, conerences and technical research.
Quantum change and transferability Te design, materials, and techniques o the DA World Headquarters demonstrate a undamental alternative or the construction o comortable, green, and aordable buildings o many types. ty pes. Te project tests innovative, specially designed elements and components such as a hybrid air handling unit that incorporates available components in a new way to achieve great energy savings. Nearly all interior and exterior walls are
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Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
built o cement stabilised, compressed earth eart h block and cement stabilised fy ash, lime gypsum block, the manuacture o which recycles plentiul local materials in processes that use local labour and low energy. Te project points toward the potential o ecient industrialised production o simple, reliable, low energy building materials that, when broadly adopted, will help curtail the massive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. By oering its research and development development as the rst step o commercialisation, the project is a catalyst or the mass production production o green building ccompo omponents. nents.
Ecological quality and energy conservation Eciently built in reinorced concrete and masonry, the building uses less than hal the reinorcing steel used in comparable structures o conventional design. Te approach holds signicant signica nt potential or reducing resource consumption
RE Feature and greenhouse gas emissions. Te World World Headquarters Headquarters uses use s predominantly natural, recycled, renewable, and reusable materials embodying low process energy. Highly energy intensive materials materials like aluminium are shunned; others, such as glass and steel, are used rugally. 80 per cent (by volume) o the building materials were sourced within 500 km o the site, thus holding down carbon dioxide emissions o transport. All rainwater rainwater that alls on the site site is used to recharge recharge the groundwater. All wastewater is recycled, treated on site and used or irrigation and fushing toilets. Hybrid air handling units integrate evaporative cooling and rerigerant based cooling to reduce energy consumption or air conditioning by thirty per cent, and to reduce water consumption.
Ethical standards and social equity eq uity Te ground foor and the outdoor areas o the DA World Headquarters are open to the public, inviting public participation in the programmes and activities o the organisation. Te entire building is barrier ree. Te project was conduct conducted ed in a structured way in in consultati consultation on with with the client and users. Consensus was established at each stage o design development, capped by a peer review by architects and environmentalists. All workspaces enjoy an equal level The environmentally friendly o comort and view. Each working group is given its own construction techniques and mechanical sense o identity and a eeling o belonging to and interacting systems used in the building cost no with a larger community community.. Te project project used simple simple local more than their conventional energy materials and local labour to direct money into the pockets intensive counterparts. o local workers and local construction trade. raditional construction skills and ne cratsmanship were integral to the design. During construction, adequate accommodation was provid provided ed or the migrant migrant worke workers rs who who lived lived on the site, site, Headquarters orms a visual anchor at the end o the city including day care or their children. street on one side and shows reverence to the calm orest on the other. Te signicance o the historic city orest Economic performance and compatib compatibility ility as an ecological asset is heightened by how the building Te environmentally riendly construction techniques and embraces the orest. Te work o architecture is a symphon sy mphony y mechanical systems used in the building cost no more than in masonry, with nearly a dozen types o brick, block, and their conventional energy intensive counterparts. Economical stone used in a variety o patterns to create walls, columns, local materials, simple technology, and local labour were arches, domes, foors, and stairs - orchestrated to create a employed to keep construction costs low. Maintenance harmonious whole that delights the senses. Te building costs are minimised by using unnished, durable, natural combines modern technology with orms, materials, and materials selected to age with grace. Operating cost is kept elements o traditional Indian architecture to exempliy low by natural lighting o all workspaces and a fexible how regional design and simple means can adequately and and e e cient hybrid cooling system. Te project illustrates il lustrates durably meet the needs o most buildings in contemporary traditional, environmentally environmental ly ecient construction materials materia ls cities. Te building design expresses Development and systems that can be economically developed or low Alternatives’ Alternatives’ concern concern or people people and the environmen environmentt energy mass production and adopted by the mainstream through the use o natural materials, and by cultivating a building industry, especially in developing countries. stimulating and lively workplace. ❂
Contextual and aesthetic impact Responding to its physical setting, the DA World
Te author is Programme Director or Habitat, Development Alternatives, New Delhi. Delhi.
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RE Feature
Green Building Initiatives in India The journey since 2001
An initiative initiative o the the Coneder Conederatio ation n o Indian Ind Industry-So ustry-Sohrab hrabji ji Godre Godrejj Green Green Busines Businesss Centre (CII-Godrej (CII-Godrej GBC), GBC), the IGBC has a vision to acilitate the country to emerge as one o the global players in green buildings by 2015. By Srinivas S
CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad (Platinum rated)
I
n the recent past India has experienced a signicant growth in the building sector and construction is one o the largest economic activities in the country today. As the sector sector grows, grows, preserving preserving the enviro environmen nmentt poses
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a plethora o challenges, while at the same time it presents an opportunity or various stakeholders. Te resource demand in buildings has also been growing over the years and there is an urgent need to minimise the use o resources
RE Feature without without sacricing the overall growth and developme development nt o the sector. Green buildings can have tremendous benets - both tangible and intangible. angible benets include reduction in water and energy consumption rom day one o occupancy. Te energy savings could range ra nge rom 20 to 30 per cent and water water savings around 30 to 50 50 per cent. Te construction sector thereore needs need s to play a responsible role towards preservation o the environment.
Based on the international LEED platform, the new version of the rating has been indigenised and christened ch ristened ‘LEED 2011 for India’. It has come into effect from April 2011.
sector. Te new rating system has come into effect rom Green building movement movement in India April April 2011. 2011. IGBC IGBC also gives gives an optio option n to ongoing ongoing project projectss Against Against this this backg backgro round und,, in 2001 2001 the the Indian Indian Green Green Building Building registered under LEED India new construction (NC) 2007 Council (IGBC) embarked on the path to usher in a green to transit to LEED 2011 or India, i they so desire. building movement in the India. IGBC is an initiative o the Conederation o Indian Industry-Sohrabji Godrej Green Major changes in LEED 2011 for India Business Centre (CII-Godrej GBC) and the vision o the Te LEED 2011 2011 or India version has been upgraded based on council is to acilitate the country to emerge as one o the the cumulative experience rom the implementation o green global players in green buildings by 2015. IGBC has the building projects in India. Te major improvements improvements are: unique distinction o pioneering and spearheading the green Extensively promoting local regulations in areas where building movement in India. Te concerted efforts o all the the reerenced codes are not widely available to Indian stakeholders which began ten years ago are bearing ruit and building industry. India is now placed on the international map o green buildings. Adopting Adopting the latest versions versions o standards and codes to oday, India has 1002 registered green building projects with benchmark Indian buildings with the most evolved a ootprint o over 627 million sq t. Tese buildings are spread international green practices. across the ve climatic zones o the country. Indigenising sustainable transport requirements under site sustainability, by accommodating many types o eco Launch of LEED 2011 for India riendly local conveyances. A major major milestone milestone or the Indian green building Enhancing energy and a nd water efficiency baselines basel ines at par movement was the launch o the Leadership in Energy and with the best internati international onal standards and practices. practices. Also Environmental Design (LEED) 2011 2011 or India by IGBC on addressing the interlinked balance between water and 24 February 2011 in New Delhi the ACREX exhibition, energy by encouraging use o innovative wastewater organised by the Indian Society o Heating, Rerigerating treatment to meet air conditioning makeup. and Air Conditioning Engineers (ISHRAE). Mr Mark Encouraging passive cooled buildings by adopting McCracken Chairman, U.S. Green Building Council comort temperature range or Indian conditions. (USGBC) launched the LEED 2011 or India reerence Reducing the radius o ‘regional’ materials to those guide in the presence o Dr Prem C Jain, Chairman, sourced within a distance o 400 km, proportionate to IGBC and Ms Lynn G Bellenger, President the American the geographical size o India. Society o Heating, Rerigerating and Air Conditioning Promoting naturally ventilated buildings through Engineers Engineers (ASHRAE) (ASHRA E).. prescriptive measures or ventilation and indoor Based on the international LEED platorm, this new environmental quality (IEQ) standards to benchmark version o the rating has been indigenised and christened naturally ventilated buildings. ‘LEED 2011 or India’. It has been developed with extensive Extending the low volatile organic compounds (VOC) participation o the various stakeholders in the Indian building requirement to cover a wider variety o fooring systems, Tangible Tangible benefts - energy s avings achieved in green buildings Building
Area (sq t)
Normal building Actual building (kWh) (kWh)
Reduction percentage
Annual energy savings (Lakh Rs)
Wipro, Gurgaon
1,75,000
48,00,000
31,00,000
40 per cent
102
IC, Gurgaon
1,70,000
35,00,000
20,00,000
45 per cent
90
CII-Godrej GBC
20,000
3,50,000
1,30,000
63 per cent
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RE Feature The next edition e dition of IGBC’s flagship event - the Green Building Congress 2011 is slated from 19-23 October 2011 at New Delhi.
IGP Office, Gulbarga (Gold rated)
adhesives and sealants etc., or better indoor air quality (IAQ) standards.
IGBC Green Townships (Pilot) (Pilot) Rating R ating System launched On 27 January Janua ry 2011, 2011, Dr B S Yediy Yediyurappa urappa,, Hon’ble Hon’ble Chie Minister o Karnataka released the CII-IGBC Green ownships (Pilot) Rating System at ‘Municipalika 2011’ organised at Bengaluru. B engaluru. Te IGBC Green ownships ownships Rating System is designed to address the issues o urban sprawl, automobile dependency, and social and environmental disconnect. Tis gives a unique opportunity to design townships and large developments in acilitating a low carbon growth path or India. Benefits of green townships By incorporating the green eatures, townships will wil l have the ollowing benets: Efficient transit net work to minimise minim ise vehicular veh icular pollution Enhanced quality o lie Pedestrian and bicycle networks in satellite cities employment opportunities Local employment Efficient use us e o resource re sourcess (energy (energ y and water effi e fficiency o 30 to 50 per cent) c ent) Local ood production Effective solid waste management IGBC - AP exam In order to meet the increasing demand or green building proessionals required to acilitate green construction in India, IGBC has launched the Accredited Proessionals (IGBC-AP) exam. Tis is a credential to proessionals to
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acilitate construction o green buildings in India. As on March 2011, 2011, India has over 415 415 qualied proessionals.
Green Building Congress o reach out to a wider cross section o the community, IGBC conducts various outreach programmes which includes IGBC’s fagship event on green buildings - the Green Building Congress. It is held held in a different city every year with an aim to educate, inorm and network the latest updates, technological innovations, emerging concepts and technologies, etc., with all the stakeholders to enable the spread o the green building movement in India. Te next edition o the congress - Green Building Congress 2011 is slated rom 19-23 October 2011 at New Delhi. Green Building material IGBC plays a catalytic role in demonstrating that ‘green’ makes business busines s sense. A whole range o green products have been introduced by the green movement. A tremendous potential exists or materials and equipment like building integrated photo voltaic voltaic (BIPV), heat resistive paints, fy ash a sh blocks, insulation materials, materia ls, high efficiency chillers, variable requency reque ncy drive’s dr ive’s (VFDs), (VF Ds), high efficiency cooling c ooling towers, tower s, building management systems (BMS), lighting controls, etc. Eco riendly technologies like solar air conditioning, wind towe towers, rs, geothermal geothermal system, system, earth tunnel tunnel cooling, cooling, etc., etc., integrated with developing townships can cut down energy requirements sizeably. Te market potential or green building products and technologies is estimated to grow to USD 100 billion by 2015. Green buildings will redene the way buildings are constructed across the globe. Increased awareness and ocus on sustainability has brought into ocus the need to oster and promote such buildings. In the days to come neighbourhoods, townships, schools, hospitals, etc., - all will go the ‘green ‘green’’ way. way. Conclusion Te green building experiences in India have been exciting and challenging so ar. Since its introduction in 2001, the green building concept has emerged as a useul tool in designing sustainable sustain able buildings. Te steady increase increase in green building projects is a clear signal that they are here to stay and are all set to redene the way buildings are constructed in the nation. Te early oray in green buildings has placed India in a leading lead ing position and the movement is well poised to reach greater heights in the nation. ❂ Te author is Principal Counsellor, Conederation o Indian Industry, CII-Godrej GBC, Hyderabad.
Case Study
Green IRRAD building at Gurgaon, Haryana Leading by example
A frugal and enviro environmen nmentally tally sensi sensitive tive structure, structure, the building building presents presents a strong case for cost eective, creative, simple and sustainable architecture. By Ashok B Lall
T
he Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD) building in Gurgaon is a frugal, f rugal, environmentally environmentally sensitive structure that symbolises the SM Sehgal Foundation’s dedication to rural development. Concerned about increasing energy consumption, the Foundation was particular about the workspace workspace architecture being sustainable and entrusted us with the task. e brief was clear - use as a s many natural materials as possible possible and try to reduce dependence on energy. us to maximise the use of daylight and minimise the need for air conditioning our architectural team turned the conventional practices of interior design upside down. If one looks at the building in totality it becomes clear that there is a strong relationship between the indoors and the courtyard. courtya rd. ere is continuity in the t he building - oces, classrooms, boardrooms and exhibition areas are all related to the outdoor space.
Basics of light and air Natural light plays a very important role in all the functional f unctional spaces of the IRRAD building, which require articial light only on overcast days. e quantity of light has been modulated based on the positioning of the building and by using xed blinds. Only classrooms have movable blinds to shut out light during lm projections. e auditorium has
Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 Issue 5
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Case Study
the option of using both natural as well as articial light, with the help of a simple simple pulley. pulley. To maintain the relation relation between light and energy, shading systems have been designed in such a way that practically no sun hits glass. Timber has been used instead of aluminium for air conditioner grills, since it is renewable and helps reduce energy consumption. It was ensured that most of the timber was sourced from managed forest resources. Since the building optimises on natural ventilation the need for air conditioning was considerably reduced and the building requires air conditioning only for about 60-70 days in a year. Air conditioning ducts therefore run through a very limited area and only about 20 per cent of the building has false ceilings. Most spaces including the auditorium, have ceiling fans. Materials like timber and bamboo, have been used in their natural condition and articial colours have been consciously avoided. Hues like white, grey and brown
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If one looks at the building in totality it becomes clear that there is a strong relationship between the indoors and the courtyard. dominate the palette. Glass partitions ensure natural lighting, and the converted semi shaded courtyard has a large photovoltaic (PV) solar roof. e building generates power from these 35 kW PV solar panels. A concrete jaali (latticed screen) modulates natural light and lters pretty patterns from the sunlight.
Creating out of waste Most of the materials for the construction were sourced from within a 500 km radius and required very little processing processing energy to make them suitable for the building. We were
Book Review partial to biomass materials like bamboo, teakwood, timber and rubber wood since these are easily renewable. Aluminium was banned banned because it consumes consumes great great amounts amounts of energy in production. production. Known for their sustainability, sustai nability, large quantities of granite and sandstone were favoured in the project. With a mantra of ‘no wastage’ the creative challenge was to move beyond the conventional. Tireless eorts were made to minimise wastage. e team created created stone stone patterns patterns very dierent dierent from from traditional geometrical shapes to help utilise the leftovers, giving the project a new dimension in design. Apart from stones, other waste materials like mirrors, broken tiles and plywood were imaginatively employed to fashion backdrops
With a mantra of ‘no wastage’ the creative challenge was to move beyond the conventional. for the reception and the t he auditorium. Even leftover material from the lifts lift s was used - at the entrance entra nce and on benches. e bricks in the building are made from the earth excavated exc avated for creating the basement. A portion of the well has been left uncovered to give visitors a glimpse of what lies beneath its shiny surface. e IRR IR R AD oce is self sucient with a pantry. pantr y. Segregated biodegradable and non biodegradable dustbins on each oor leverage its sustainable model.
Concept and cost Sustainable architecture is misunderstood, architects need to use their imagination to create new designs based on green principles. Since they are the experts on the impact of buildings on the ecology, it is their professional responsibility to practice sustainable design. A major part of sustainable designing is about common sense and only a small part deals with sophisticated technology. With intelligent designs such as the IRRAD building, electricity costs can be brought down by almost 50 per cent. e IRRAD project costing of just Rs 20,000 to Rs 22,000 per sq m, rubbishes the popular belief that sustainable sustaina ble architecture is expensive. Sustainability assures 25-30 per cent reduced expenses in about ve years. About A bout 90 per cent of any sustainable project requires no extra expenditure, and may be constructed with even less - therefore the notion about high cost of green buildings is a complete myth.
Multiple Choice Questions on Energy Author: Arun K Tripathi Soft bound: 338 pages Size: 24cm. x 15cm. Cover price: Rs 295.00 / USD 45.00 Publisher: TERI Press, New Delhi Year: 2010 ISBN: 9788179933053
T
his book contains about 1300 multiple choice questions covering various sectors of energy. energy. An introduction introduction to energy has been presented in a comprehensive yet simplied manner. e book will be useful for academicians, students students pursuing engineering or agriculture related courses, aspirants of various competi c ompetitive tive exams, professionals professionals and stakeholders in the energy sector. Is can also be used as a base ba se for quiz programmes organised by schools, universities, and engineering institutions. Energy is an integral part of our lives. We need energy to do all kinds of work. ough we do not realise it, energy is all pervasive. Human beings and animals derive their energy from food, which is prepared by plants using solar energy. us, the very basis of our lives is energy. Lots of energy was absorbed absorbed and and released released during during the creation creation of the universe. us, it is energy that sustains the universe even today. Although the concept of energy is taught at the primary level and is included in various streams, it is rarely taught as an exclusive subject at the higher education level. In fact, the concept of energy is meant more for lifelong learning rather than studying as a subject. A few universi universities ties and engineering engineering institu institutions tions have introduced exclusive degree courses on energy; however, technical books on energy need to be developed and made available commensurate with the latest developments. Since energy is such an important aspect of our lives, it needs to be paid due attention in education and awareness. is book attempts to present the subject in a simple and precise manner for students, aspirants of various competitive exams, and even laymen.
e author is Head, ABL Architects, New Delhi.
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Success Story
TIRUPATI
The Green Temple Te temple temple in the south Indian state o Andhra A ndhra Pradesh has gradually gradual ly been introducing introducing renewable renewable energy along with the t he traditional ones at its acilities. Solar power is used or cooking; windmills meet some part o the temple town’s power requirement; about 40-45 per cent o the energy required by irumala irupati Devastha Deva sthanam nam (D) ( D) comes rom its non non conventional conventional sources. A water recycl recycling ing plant puries all waste water or reuse in the temple city’s gardens.
T
irumala irupati Devasthanam (D) is the richest temple in the world with the largest number o devotees visiting on any a ny single day, is a act that is well known. But perhaps ew may be aware that it is also a lso one o the temples in India that t hat is slowly but surely becoming environment riendly. riendly. Te temple in the south Indian state o Andhra Pradesh Prade sh has gradually been introducing renewable energy along with the traditional ones. Solar power is used or cooking, windmills meet some part pa rt o the t he temple town’s town’s power requirement; about 40-45 40- 45 per cent o the energy required by D is coming rom its non conventional sources. A water recycling plant puries all waste water to reuse in the temple city’s gardens. What is more, the canteen provides ree mineral water through pipe lines to discourage use o plastic bottles.
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Te temple temple is also making mak ing a record o sorts sorts as ar a r as renewable technologies go. Te largest solar cooker in the world was installed in the temples canteen in 2002. Te system put up at the Nitya Annadanam complex at irumala has the capacity to prepare ood or 15,000 15,000 persons at a time. Nearly 50,000 kg o rice along with sambar and rasam are cooked in the kitchens o irumala every day o the year without using conventional gas. SOLAR TECHNOLOG TECHNOLOGY Y
Te solar technology xed at the temple’s temple’s canteen is a scheer parabolic dish installed by Gadhia Solar. Te Gujarat based company is an innovative solar thermal energy company, ocused on providing energy solutions using parabolic concentrated technology, technology, backed by technical te chnical support rom
Success Story H GmbH o Germany. The solar cooker requires no plant Te technology deployed deployed at irumala has h as the potential to generate temperatures o 500º C and more. Te mechanism modification and involves one time o conversion o solar to thermal energy is undamentally installation and relatively free running similar to the traditional thermal system except that solar over a life span of 25 years. energy is used as the source o heat. Using the power o the sun as a source o energy, Gadhia Solar has implemented some o the world’s largest solar thermal systems in the last two decades. Be it industrial, For developing the project, Gadhia hired the services o agricultural, institutional or domestic, Gadhia Solar has several qualied engineers. Ater the installation o the solar been a pioneer with major breakthroughs in this area. cooker was completed, a team rom Gadhia conducted a workshop workshop to provide provide training mainly to the users as this SOLAR COOKER AT THE CANTEEN was a totally new system at the temple. temple. At the workshop workshop,, Te solar steam cooking system at the temple canteen uses details o operation and maintenance were explained. Prior the Gadhia Solar Concentrating System or cooking using to the solar cooker, rewood and LPG cylinders were the thermosyphon principle based on the natural convection traditional energy sources or cooking at irumala. Te principle. Te solar dish concentrators convert water into over 4,000 kg steam generated per day by the solar cooker high pressure steam, which cooks the ood. Te solar has replaced the usage o urnace oil which requires high concentrators capture the solar radiation rom all the amount o conventional source o energy. directions possible at one point so that the total energy Te cooks cook s at the t he temple’ temple’ss kitchen are the rst in line to eel available is the maximum. Parabolic dish type collectors the benet. According to them, their work now is easier and are generally used or generating steam at 8-10 bars rom quicker. A huge improvement on the gas that took longer to solar power. A mirror is used to concentrate sunlight on an cook. Now it takes just an incredible 20 minutes to complete insulated receiver placed at the ocal point, which transers cooking. As ar as the impact on environment is concerned, heat rom the receiver to water and generates steam. Tis the D has ha s been saving an average o 450 450 lt o diesel per day steam generated rom solar system is used or steam stea m cooking resulting in a reduction o more than 1,350 1,350 kg o green house application. gas in the atmosphere. Te use o solar cooker has also resulted Te systems automatic tracking systems ollows the sun in the decline o pollutio pollution n in the area. It has created awareness throughout the day. Te system is hooked onto the existing about renewable sources o energy among the devotees who boiler that works on diesel so that it can work under all visit the temple and also in the nearby villages. climatic conditions. Te solar cooking system is designed to generate over 4,000 kg o steam a day at 180º C and 10 FUTURE PLANS kg/sq.cm, which wh ich is suffi su fficient to cook two t wo meals meal s or around arou nd Te D management plans to utilise the surplus steam 15,000 devotees. Modular in nature, the system consists o generated by the solar plant to meet the requirements o 106 automatic tracked parabolic concentrators arranged in Kalyanakatta - where on an average 10,000 pilgrims get series and parallel para llel combination, each with 9.2 sq.m refector their heads tonsured daily. d aily. Recently, Recently, in its efforts to reduce area. Each unit o concentrators is connected to a central green house gas emission, the German Government was steam pipeline going to the kitchen. Te system is made in the process o buying carbon credits rom the solar o indigenous components and the refectors are o acrylic kitchen o D. It identied the D kitchen as one mirrors having refectivity over 75 per cent. o the projects rom which it would buy certied carbon A ter installing insta lling the world’s world’s largest larges t Te total cost o the system is about Rs. 110 lakh, which reductions (CERs). Ater includes back up boiler, utensils and annual maintenance solar steam cooking systems at irupati and then at Sanst han at Shirdi and creating a solar contract or 5 years. Out o the total tota l cost, the temple’s temple’s share Shri Saibaba Sansthan o expenditure was Rs. 63.5 lakh and the Ministry o New crematorium, Gadhia has now developed the world’s world’s and Renewable Energy provided the rest as subsidy. Tis was largest solar air conditioning system or the Muni Seva under the demonstration scheme by the Central ministry. Ashram Ashr am (MSA) in Goraj, Vadodara, Gujarat. ❂ Te maximum saving is around 450 lt/day (urnace oil), which adds upto upto Rs. 37,1 37,12,500 2,500 and the payback payback period is Inputs rom Access to Clean Energy, A glimpse o off-grid projects in India, published by MNRE, UNDP and SDC. 2 years.
Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
45
Case Study
Greening through natural ventilation e study highlights high lights the application of natural ventilation for achieving thermal comfort in a high rise residential building. By Kiriti Sahoo and Minni Shastry
W
ind is a natural source of energy and research has shown that tapping the air ow can be a successful strategy for meeting the thermal comfort needs in buildings. e natural airow a irow induces cross ventilation in habitable spaces, evaporates sweat from the skin, brings a cooling eect in humid climates and helps in achieving a desirable thermal comfort for the inhabitants. e use of natural ventilation ultimately helps in reducing the demand on mechanical systems to maintain human thermal comfort. e Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) rating system addresses the requirement for human thermal comfort of naturally ventilated spaces for dierent climatic zones in India.
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Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 Issue 5
Requirement of GRIHA as per warm and humid climate
Criteria 14 of GRIHA, clause 14.1.7 emphasises on performing hourly calculations to meet two objectives: 1. Non air conditioned spaces in an apartment to meet thermal comfort for 60 per cent of all occupied hours. 2. ermal comfort conditions should
be compliant to the specications as per National Building Code (NBC) 2005 (Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 2005d) for 60 per cent of all occupied hours. The case study
A high rise rise residen residential tial building building in the warm and humid climate zone of
Average Calculated ACH ) h / 1 ( r u o H r e p e g n a h C r i A
Average Calculated ACH
10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 Floor Level
Average Average Air change per hour achieved in living/family and dining space when windows are half opened
Cover Story Inviting Table 1: Comparative table for simulated discomfort hours and GRIHA compliance
articles for
Akshay Urja Urja
Occup Occ upan ancy cy sch sched edul ulee
Tot otal al dis disco comf mfor ortt hour hourss achi achiev eved ed in the living/family cum dining room of each apartment (per cent)
Remarks
Day time schedule
5.96 to to 12.26 per cent
GRIHA compliant
Night time schedule schedule
0.00 to 0.41 per cent
GRIHA compliant compliant
Evening time schedule
0.00 to 0. 0.27 per cent
GRIHA compliant
sources, and among these,
24 hour time schedule
4.53 to 8. 8.17 per cent
GRIHA compliant
renewable resources are at the
The need to have a sustainable supply necessitates the exploitation of available energy
forefront. It is now an established
Kolkata was chosen for the study. e a balcony. e wind speed obtained height of the building was 90 m and varied from hour to hour on each oor. the residential apartment units were Hence, the average wind speed, which located on the 3rd to the 24th oor was calculat calculated ed for 8,7 8,760 hours, hours, was level. e living space considered for used to determine the t he ventilation rate the study was the living/family cum and air change cha nge per hour. dining area of each apartment - an Thermal comfort analysis as area of 48.25 sq m with a volume of per GRIHA 156 cubic m. e factors which were taken into consideration to calculate ermal comfort conditions, inside average probable indoor wind speed the space, were investigated using the and average air change per hour in calculated average air change per hour the space are: Eect of the height in the space due to wind conditions and calculation of outside wind speed on site. e simulation was performed conditions conditions for each apartment apart ment as per using Trnsys software. e thermal increasing height Eect of window comfort analysis was then compared location and calculation of wind speed with the the clause clause 14. 14.1. 1.7 7 of Criteria Criteria 14 of when when a room room had had windo windows ws on two sides sides GRIHA and NBC 2005 (BIS 2005d). (opposite walls) Eect of sill height Hourly thermal simulations were of a window on wind speed Eect of performed in each of the 24 living/ wind wind dire directi ction on and windo window w orien orientati tation on family cum dining family spaces. e veranda/ba lcony results as per occupancy schedule were Eect of presence of veranda/balcony and wind speed calculation compared with GRIHA requirement (Table 1). Description of the indoor wind speed calculation
Conclusion
e wind speed obtained from With With inc increas reasee of of heig height ht above above the meteorological meteorological data was wa s used for ground, wind speeds also increase, this calculating outdoor wind speed as per helps in integrating natural natura l ventilation increasing height of each apartment in high rise building structures. e from ground level. e calculated simulation analysis showed that outdoor outdoor wind speed was used to environmental environmental conditions conditions achieved ach ieved calculate the t he probable probable indoor wind inside the building chosen for the study speed inside each living/family cum are within the comfort band dened by dining space. e indoor wind speed NBC and the building aalso lso complies was calculat calculated ed taking into into consi consider derati ation on with with the the GRIHA rating rating system. system. the eect of operable area (50 per e authors are, Research Associate and cent) of window, sill height of window, Associate Associate Fellow Fellow,, TERI, Bangalore, Bangalore, position of window and orientation respectively. of wind direction and the presence of
fact that RE (renewable energy) can be an integral part of sustainable developmen developmentt because of its inexhaustible nature and environmentfriendly features. RE can play an important role in resolving the energy crisis in urban areas to a great extent. Today RE is an established sector with a variety of systems and devices available for meeting the energy demand of urban inhabitants, but there is a need to create mass awareness about their adoption. Akshay Urja is an attempt to fulfil this need through the dissemination of 20,00 20,000 0 copies copies in India and abroad. The magazine publishes news, articles, research papers, case studies, success stories, and write-ups on RE. Readers are invited to send material with original photographs and statistical data. The photographs should be provided in high resolution files on a CD or through email. Akshay Urja will pay a suitable honorarium to the authors for each published article of 1500 words and above. The publication material in two copies, along with a soft copy on CD/DVD/e-mail may be sent to Editor, Akshay Urja
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Block – 14, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi – 110 003 Tel. +91 11 2436 3035 Fax +91 11 2436 3035 www.mnre.gov.in Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 [email protected] Issue 5 E-mail
47
RE Term Power
What’s
Ferrocement (FC) building elements FC is a thin, versatile and strong cement based composite material. Made up of cement mortar and several layers of wire mesh with small diameter steel mesh closely bound together. FC elements consume lesser high energy materials as compared to RCC. FC can be used for making wall panels, roofing elements, staircase treads etc.
that? Under-reamed Pile foundations Under–reamed piles are suitable in filled up and expansive clays. Compared to RCC column foundations UR piles save about 2500 mega joules per column. They have a reduced pile shaft diameter, resulting in lesser use of concrete.
Here is an exercise that is intended to introduce green building material material that can ca n catch you unawares. By Mona Chhabra Anand
Bamboo based building materials In the current scenario of depleting forest cover and scarce wood resources, bamboo has emerged as a viable substitute for wood in building construction. Engineered bamboo has been successfully used for structural purposes as well as for production of composite materials and components such as bamboo boards which are aesthetically pleasing, cost effective and energy efficient.
Shotcrete Shotcrete is used for strengthening of weak structures to increase their life. Hence it is a green building material / process. Compressed air forces mortar or concrete through a nozzle into the weak area of the element to be strengthened.
Epoxy resins Epoxy resins are used to bond two rigid materials such as two concrete surfaces. Thus these resins are used for retrofitting and strengthening of existing structures to increase their longevity longevity.. The viscosity of the resin can be chosen based on the size of the crack to be filled.
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Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 Issue 5
Fly ash blocks Fly ash, lime and gypsum are the main raw material for these types of blocks. These are mixed homogeneously and compressed in CEB machine. Flyash bricks are air dried and are helpful in managing flyash which is a waste from thermal power plants. Brick masonry in Rat trap Bond This is constructed by placing bricks on edge with a void between the two layers of bricks intercepted at regular intervals by another brick on edge. It requires about 25 per cent lesser number of bricks and about 10 per cent lesser mortar leading to a saving of about 500 mega joules per cubic m of masonry. The wall has better insulation properties as compared to normal practice of Flemish or English bond.
Compressed Earth Block (CEB) CEBs have good thermal insulation, as well as more compressive strength as compared to country bricks. CEBs consume very less energy in production as the blocks gain strength by a combination of controlled curing and air drying.
Coir based wood substitutes These are ideal choices, as biodegradable and eco-friendly substitutes to natural wood. Coir is used to manufacture lightweight, strong and aesthetically acceptable door shutters, panelling materials, ceilings and partitions.
e author is Director, Knowledge Works, New Delhi.
Children's Children's Corner
Detectives
N
Get your friends togethe together r, for form ma gang of greenies, go ahead and paint pai nt your school school well, well, green. green.
ow you too can teach such as the number of trees in your a thing or two to your school premises etc., as you get the teachers. Get your group of hang of it. Provisions Red marker pens, friends to investigate - how green is your school? school? You You can single-handedly pencils, chalk to mark ma rk out leaking pipes evaluate your school's environmental etc., and tapes to stick Green Notices. performance and save resources such How to investigate: as water, energy and waste material. Make a round of your school at break What you nee need: d: time every day. Collect oor wise, or The Team e rst step is to form item wise information on the three a team comprising 5-10 5-10 friends and a sections. Prepare a GREEN School teacher facilitator who can help and Report Card with the help of your guide you. teacher. Here are the three important The Logsheets Prepare logsheets aspects that can be awarded marks by to note down data in a tabulated you during the evaluation. Wate Water r: Put cross mark on each ush form. e three main logsheets that you will need are: that is leaking, each tap that is leaking a. Tabulation of electricity points and more. Also measure and drain in each class, section, sta room, out the water cooler spillage into your hall, ha ll, oce etc., etc ., for the Energy Ener gy school garden. Find out how much Investigator Team; water water is used everyday in your your school school b. Lisitng of taps and ush in by monitoring the overhead tanks. bathrooms, coolers and other water Energy : Dig out electricity electricity bills from points for the Water Watch Team; the school oce and uneart une arth h transport tran sport c. Listing of Kitchen, class dustbin, log books to nd the units of electricity other waste such as leaves etc., for and fuel consumed in the school. Once the Waste to Wealth Team. your evaluation is in place, ask your You You can keep keep adding adding other other poin points, ts, school authorities authorities to opt for certain cert ain energy ecient norms - such as a s using
CFL, greening the sun facing walls, running ACs on 26oC and above, etc. en review the bills in the next cycle, usually after 2 months. Waste Waste: Students can stay back after school time once a week and with the the help help of the housekeep housekeeping ing sta, measure the waste generated on that day. Help the sta to segregate waste into into say say paper paper,, plastic plastic and compostable. Maybe your teacher can help you with the composting and recycling options. Apart from from the the above above you can also also collect information about various trees in your school by marking the trees. M-4 meaning Mango tree no. 4. You can have lots of fun nding out which is the oldest tree of the school.
The Green School Report Card: e result is a 'Green School Report Card' prepared by its own students. e school comes to know where it stands on environmental sustainability and identies areas of improvement and works hard to improve the report card next year? Are you game...
49
Web/Book Alert Website Living with nature http://thegreenguide.com
Te Green Guide website, published by National Geographic provides interesting inormation and guides you towards greening your lives in a sustainable way. A ree ree mon monthly thly newslette newsletterr with with tests tests and scores that help reduce carbon ootprints at the individual level is provided. Other issues, like sustainable travel, pollution ree environs etc. are also discussed. RE News India www.renewsin www.renewsindia.co dia.com m
RE News India is a source or business news and upcoming opportunities in the renewable energy industry in India. I your business is targeting renewable renewable energy products products or services in the country c ountry,, you will nd useul useu l inormation on the website. Te subjects presently covered are ocused on solar, wind, hydro, hydro, biomass, biomass, biouel biouel and geothermal energy. Each o these categories is urther supported by India business news, upcoming business opportunities, tender news, job alerts and business business oers. oers. World Green Building Council www.worl www.worldgbc.o dgbc.org rg
Te WorldGBC is a union o national Green Building Councils rom around the world, making it the largest international organisation infuencing the green building marketplace. Its mission is to be the global voice or Green Building Councils and to acilitate the global transormation o the building industry towards sustainability sustai nability.. Te Worl WorldGB dGBC C oste osters rs and supports supports new and emerging Green Building Councils by providing them with the tools and strategies to establish strong organisations and leadership positions in their markets.
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Apr il 2011 Volume 4 ● Issue 5
Wind and Solar Power Systems: Design, Analysis, and Operation, Second Edition
by Mukund by Mukund R Patel Hardcover: 448 pages USD 129.54 Publisher: CRC Press 15 July 2005 ISBN: 0849315700 ISBN13: 9780849315701 Energy Efcient Buildings in India
by Mili by Mili Majumdar Paperback: 252 pages USD 80 Publisher: ERI Press February 2009 ISBN: 8185419825 8185419825 ISBN:13: 9788185419824, 978-8185419824 Fundamentals o Integrated Design or Sustainable Building: Principles and Practice
by Marian by Marian Keeler and Bill Burke Hardcover: 416 pages USD 85 Publisher: John Wiley & Sons 26 May 2009 ISBN: 0470152931 ISBN13: 97804701 9780 470152935 52935 Green Building Fundamentals Second Edition
by Mike by Mike Montoya Paperback: 192 pages USD 40.48 Publisher: Prentice Hall 16 January 2010 ISBN: 0135111080 ISBN13: 9780135111086
Toward a Zero Energy Home: A Complete Guide to Energy SelSufciency at Home
by David by David Johnston and Scott Gibson Paperback: 256 pages USD 24.95 Publisher: aunton Press, Incorporated 27 April 2010 ISBN: 1600851436 ISBN13: 9781600851438 Green Building: Project Planning and Cost Estimating Third Edition
by R by R S Means Sotcover: 480 pages USD 99.95 Publisher: John Wiley & Sons November 2010 2010 ISBN: 0876292619 ISBN-13: 9780876292617 Alternative Building Materials and Technologies
by KS by KS Jagadish, BV Venkatarama Reddy and K S Nanjunda Rao Paperback: 218 pages Rs 225 Publisher: New Age International 30 April 2009 ISBN: 8122420370 ISBN-13:9788122420371 ISBN-13:9788122420371,, 9788122420371 Inputs rom: various websites
Forthcoming Events
National
18 to 20 May 2011
Workshop on Solar Thermal Power Plants Place: Gurgaon, India Organiser: IT Power Group Contact: 91 (124) 4305539 Website: www.itpowergroup.com
19 to 20 May 201 2011 1
Recent Trends in Materials and devices RTMD-2011 Place: Noida, India Organiser: Amity Institute of Applied Applied Sciences, Amity University Contact: 91 9868639418 Website: www.amity.edu
24 to 25 May 20 2011 11
4th Renewable Renewable Energy Finance Forum - India I ndia Place: New Delhi, India Organiser: Organ iser: Euromoney Energy Events Contact: 44 (0) 2077798917 Website: www.euromoneyenergy.com
03 to 05 June 2011
International Conference on Society, Technology and Sustainable Development Place: Kochi, India Organiser: Department of Social Work, Amrita Amr ita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Vidyapeetham Contact: 91 (476) 2801401 Website: http://amrita.edu
28 June 2011
Biofuels Industry: Technologies, Commercialisation and Policy Issues Place: New Delhi, India Organiser: Assocom-India and Kansas State University Contact: 91 (11) 47675201 Website: www.assocom-india.com
l a n o i t a N
International
25 to 26 May 2011
2011 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emergi ng Economies Place: Hat Yai, Yai, Songkh la, Thailand Organiser: Research and Developmen Developmentt Institut In stitute e Thaksin Tha ksin University (RDITSU) Contact: 66 (74) 673227 Website: www.pt.tsu.ac.th
29 - 31 May 20 2011 11
Gulf Environment Forum Place: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Organiser: Organ iser: BME Global Contact: 44 2033286522 Website: www.gulfenvironmentforum.com
30 May 2011
2011 International Conference on Green Building Technologies and Materials Materia ls (GBTM 2011) 2011) Place: Brussels, Belgium Organiser: Asia-Pacific Association for the Advancement of Science (APAAS) Contact: 32 (499) 211599 Website: www.gbtm2011.org
31 May - 03 June 20 2011 11
ISWA WasteTech Conference Place: Moscow, Moscow, Russia Russi a Organiser: Organ iser: SIBICO International Ltd Contact: 7 (495) 2255986 Website: http://2011.sibico.com
02 - 05 June 2011
ACSEE - The Asian Conference on Sustainability, Sustainability, Energy a nd the Environment 2011 Place: Osaka, Japan Organiser: International Academic Forum (Japan) Contact: [email protected] Website: http://acsee.iafor.org
05 - 09 June 2011
International Green Energy Conference-VI (IGEC-VI) Place: Eskisehir, Turkey Organiser: IGEC-6 Contact: [email protected] Website: http://igec6.anadolu.edu.tr
09 - 11 June 2011
International Student Energy Summit 2011 Place: Vancouver, Canada Organiser: University of British Columbia Contact: [email protected] Website: www.studentenergy.org
Apr il 2 011
Volume 4
Issue 5
51
l a n o i t a n r e t n I
Statistics
Renewable Energy at a Glance Cumulative deployment deployment of various va rious renewable energy systems/devices systems/devices in i n India Renewable energy Renewable energ y Programmes/systems
Cumulative achievemen achievements ts (as on 31 March 2011)
1. Power from renewables A. Grid interactive renewable power power In MW Wind power ..................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ................................................................... .............................. 14156.00 Small hydro power (up to 25 MW) ................................. ..................................................................... .................................................................... ................................ 3042.63 Biomass power (Agro residues and plantations) ................................................................................... 997.10 Bagasse cogeneration ................................... ....................................................................... ........................................................................ .................................................... ................ 1667.53 Waste to power (Urban and Industrial) ................................. ..................................................................... ................................................................. ............................. 72.46 Solar power ................................. power ..................................................................... ......................................................................... ........................................................................ ................................... 37.66 Sub total (A) ............................... ................................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................. .............................19973.38 19973.38 B. Off grid/ distributed renewable power power including captive/CHP plants Biomass Cogeneration (Non-bagasse) ( Non-bagasse) ................................ ..................................................................... ................................................................... .............................. 301.61 Biomass gasifier ..................................... gasifier ......................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................ ........................ 131.81 Energy recovery from waste .................................... ........................................................................ ........................................................................ .......................................... ...... 70.42 Solar PV power plants................................... plants ....................................................................... ........................................................................ ........................................................ .................... 8.16 Watermills/microhydel ................................ .................................................................... ......................................................................... ......................................................... .................... 6.98 Sub total (B)............................... (B) ................................................................... ......................................................................... ...................................................................... .................................518.98 518.98 Total (A+B)................................ (A+B) ..................................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................. ..............................20492.36 20492.36
2. Decentralised renewab renewable le energy energy systems Family type biogas plants (in lakh) ............................... .................................................................... ......................................................................... ...................................... 44.04 Solar photovoltaic systems Street lighting system (in nos.) ................................... ........................................................................ ..................................................................... ................................ 1,82,200 Home lighting systems (in nos.) nos.) .................................. ...................................................................... ..................................................................... ................................. 7,33,245 Solar lanterns lantern s (in nos.) .................................... ......................................................................... ......................................................................... ........................................... ....... 8,31,604 2 Solar water heating systems-collector area (m ) .................................................................... 4.47 4.47 million mil lion m 2
3. Remote Village Electrification (villages/hamlets) ................................. ..................................................................... ........................................ .... 8104
kW= kilowatt; MW = megawatt; Sq m = square metre
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Apr il 2 011 Volume 4 Issue 5
Higher Courses in With demand for green construction growing in India there is enormous scope for green architectural profe professi ssiona onals. ls. Here Here is a list list of of institutes that offer green courses for aspiring green builders. builders.
www.bmsce.ac.in
Department of Architecture Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka Degree: Master of Architecture Course: Habitat Design www.bbdnitm.ac.in
Department of Architecture, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology & Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Degree: Bachelor of Architecture Course: Building Construction and Management www.mcgansarch.com
McGan’s Ooty School of Architecture, Kotagiri, The Nilgris, Tamil Nadu Degree: Master of Architecture - regular and distance learning Course: Environmental Architecture www.cept.ac.in
Faculty of Architecture, Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology University (CEPT University), Ahmedabad, Gujarat Degree: Master of Architecture Course: Architecture and Settlement Conservation www.krvia.ac.in
Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute of Architecture and Environmental Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra Degree: Master of Architecture Course: Urban Conservation www.bvuniversity.edu.in
College of Architecture, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra Degree: Master of Architecture Course: Sustainable A rchitectur rchitecture e www.piads.ltjss.net
Priyadarshini Institute of Architecture and Design Studies, Nagpur, Maharashtra Degree: Bachelor of Architecture Course: Construction Management www.pmca.ac.in
Piloo Mody College of Architecture, Ajay Binay Institute of Technology, Cuttack, Orissa Degree: Bachelor of Architecture Course: Building Construction and Management
m t h . s t n e t n o c / a j r u y a h s k a / n i . v o g . e r n m . w w w e e s s e t u t i t s n i f o t s i l e v i s n e h e r p m o c r o F
