Aker Solutions LNG

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ADBT – LNG Tank for Ship Fuel and Small Scale Distribution Developed in co-operation with DnV

Small Scale LNG 2011 Trygve Lund, Aker Solutions

© 2009 Aker Solutions

Aluminum Double Barrier Tank (ADBT) Basic Technical Principles: ADBT is a double wall LNG tank

Tank top

Tank walls

Double barrier design

Multiple configurarions with Standard components 3 extruded components 2 forged components

Tank bottom

Self carrying structure – does not need to be produced on site

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LIMITED NUMBER OF STANDARD ELEMENTS ■ Friction stir welded panel ■ Closure plates ■ Edge extrusions ■ Tension stays ■ Forged tension stay brackets ■ Forged corner brackets ■ Extruded corner reinforcement ■ Ø20mm bolted fasteners ■ Dome cylinder ■ Dome weld neck flange ■ Dome blind flange ■ Timber supports ■ Thermal insulation panels

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New improved profiles design Tank top

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Old Design was based in H profiles Tank walls

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New improved profiles design

Tank bottom

● The new profile is stiffer, therefore less metal is required ● The new profile has backing integrated for the FSW process, thereby making the FSW process more efficinet ■

Both the above elements make the new design more cost efficient

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PANEL CONSTRUCTION ■ Panels are produced by friction stir welding

● Welds are reinforced by local thickening of plate ■ Closure plates are welded in with MIG welding ■ Edge beam extrusion include a lip for backing

•VERY COST EFFECTIV PRODUCTION to edit this text

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MATERIAL ■ Extruded aluminium in grade 6082

● Tensile strength 310 MPa ● Yield strength not exceeding 85% of tensile strength ■ Pre-stressed high strength austenitic bolts in grade Bumax 109

● Tensile strength 1000 MPa ● Yield strength 900 MPa ■ Laminated timber supports according to EN 1194 grade GL24h

● Compressive strength 2.7 MPa ■ Thermal insulation in polystyrene or polyurethane panels for vessels

or applied polyurethane foam for onshore applications.

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LNG STORAGE – SOME TANK CONFIGURATIONS

Offshore and onshore tanks Tank for LNG carrier Pressure vessel for local LNG distribution

Ship fuel tanks

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ADBT Tank - The principal advantages ■

Self carrying structure – does not need to be produced on shipyard or on site, less vulnerable for impacts on ship’s hull than membrane tanks

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Double barrier tank – environmental compliance, real time tightness evidence

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Prismatic tanks – more efficient use of the hull space, lower centre of gravity compared with spherical tanks, enable flush main deck design for FPSO top side modules.

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Marine operation at all filling levels: fit for offshore loading / unloading - inner structures destroy sloshing waves

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Cost effective production – based on extruded profiles

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Panel fabrication using Friction Stir Welding – high productivity and material properties compared with traditional welding

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Shorter production time

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High strength cryogenic material

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Flexible Selection of tank size

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Can be built as a pressure vessel for tank sizes up to about 20 000 m3

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Pressure vessels for distribution of LNG and ship LNG fuel tanks ■

ADBT pressure vessels are a cost effective design. ● The pressure vessel can be constructed in a yard and transported to its final location. ● The double wall structure and the tension stays provide a very rigid structure. ● May be skidded, trailed or lifted. ● High resistance to dynamic loads ■ ship motions or earthquake loading for land tanks

● The structure is being fabricated from a low number of standardized parts. ■

Exposed view of 5000m3; 7 bar pressure tank (12m x 12m x 38m) showing internal tension stays.

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Typical ship fuel tank (Pressure vessel) Such a LNG fuel tank can be built in any size and be shaped to fit the individual requirements Tank capacity about 280 m3 5.8 x 8.6 x 5.6 m

The tank can be placed on deck or in the hull and can be shaped to fit the available space.

The Cold Box and associated piping will be subcontracted to experienced vendors.

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ADBT SHIP FUEL TANKS – SOME CONFIGURATIONS

Ship fuel tank; 230 m3 Shaped to optimise space utilisation within the hull

Ship fuel tank; 5000 m3 Pressure vessel

Ship fuel tank; 200 m3

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ADBT PRESSURE VESSELS ■ Pressure vessels may

be rectangular.

■ Pressure vessels may

also be more complicated prisems.

■ Vapour pressure up to

9 bar

■ Design according to

IMO IGC code type C

■ Design as pressure

vessel according to EN 13445 or ASME VIII, div. 2

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Advantages Pressure vessel ■

Pressure vessel do not need a vapour recovery system

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Figure below shows 15 days simulation

The figure shows an ADBT tank with a boil off of 0.2 % per day. Filling temperature of LNG is: – 157C The level increases due to the LNG density decreases when the temperature increases to edit this text

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SAFETY

■ Double barrier.

● If one barrier leaks the load can be removed and the tank repaired before recommissioning ■ Tension stays capable of redistributing load.

● If one tension stay fails the load can be removed and the tension stay be replaced.

■ Failure of one structural element will not allow release of cryogenic

gas or liquid under pressure

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PROTECTION ■ For marine applications thermal insulation

panels of polyurethane or polystyrene will be used

■ For onshore applications applied polyurethane

foam is used. This is clad with a resilent coating of polyurea for weather protection.

■ For fire protection an external layr of rock-wool

may be included.

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Current prototype tank


Prototype; 200 m3 Pressure vessel (7 bar) ■ Prototype tank 200 m3

● Jointly being built by Aker Solutions and Gasnor ● Being installed at Gasnor’s Snurrevarden LNG facility (West Norway). ■ The tank will be operational in September 2011

Gasnor want to test out a small prototype of the ADBT tank before they plan to order their first commercial tank AET want in addition to have a demonstration tank to show potential customers for the different applications of the ADBT tank

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Prototype tank (6x6x6m long) showing internal tension stays

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Prototype; Pictures of the Panel production

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Sections (thickness) used Brackets (Forged)

Panels (Extruded & FSW)

t=8 mm

t=5,6 mm

Tension beams (Extruded) t=10 mm

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TIMBER SUPPORTS

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LNG Fuel tank market ■ ■

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New environment requirements will drive change of fuel or heavy modifications of ships Numbers of ships: ● Baltic Sea: 10 000 ships within 5 years (forerunner) ● North Sea: Similar (around 10 000) ● US: anticipate 15 000 ships, likely to come ● …. And the rest – Japan, SEA, Australia are big potential markets Options for old ships ● Convert to clean diesel ● Install scrubber ● Convert to LNG ● Find another area of operation Newbuilds ● Will select most efficient – LNG will take significant part ● DNV: Single most important message from CEO: LNG for Ships! Requires also infrastructure to be built ● Coastal LNG carriers ● Distribution terminals Conclusion: LNG Fuel tank and small scale distribution market is significant

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Competitors – Small tank market, fuel LNG tanks ■ Vacuum insulated pressure tanks ■ E.g. Chart Ferox and Cryo AB with tanks up to 1000 m3

Tank “Cold box”

In existing ship installations LNG is stored in cylindrical, double-wall, insulated stainless steel tanks.

Box for all valves and product vaporizers

■ TGE (Tractebel) is selling single shell cylindrical LNG tanks with drip

trays. This tank is mainly used in small LNG vessels/coasters, but is used onshore as well.

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Advantages of ADBT vs. competitors ■ Adaptation within a ship structure

● The ADBT tank can be formed according to the ship structure and allows full utilization of ship hull ● Cylindrical tanks utilize the hull space much less efficient ■ Distribution tanks: Prismatic vs. cylindrical pressure tanks

● The prismatic ADBT distribution tank gives better utilization of congested harbor areas compared to cylindrical tanks for LNG distribution terminals ● A pressure tank is easier to operate and gives more flexibility ● An atmospheric tank does not fit into the small tank market (so far down in the LNG chain) ■ Our main competitors on the small pressure tank market, LNG distribution and

ship fuel, is the vacuum insulated and single shell cylindrical tanks. ● ADBT is the first prismatic pressure tank for LNG storage on the market

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Summary – ADBT LNG storage tank ■

ADBT is a cost efficient design for different LNG storage applications

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Effective sloshing suppression by ADBT

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Can handle any filling level for dynamic conditions

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Efficient utilization of ship hull

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Flat upper deck; space for topside process equipment

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All parts of the tank is accessible for offshore repairs

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Very high safety rating! Tightness and atmosphere controlled inter-barrier space

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Cost and time savings compared to other LNG containment systems and pressure vessels

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Copyright Copyright of all published material including photographs, drawings and images in this document remains vested in Aker Solutions and third party contributors as appropriate. Accordingly, neither the whole nor any part of this document shall be reproduced in any form nor used in any manner without express prior permission and applicable acknowledgements. No trademark, copyright or other notice shall be altered or removed from any reproduction.

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Disclaimer This Presentation includes and is based, inter alia, on forward-looking information and statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ. These statements and this Presentation are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about global economic conditions, the economic conditions of the regions and industries that are major markets for Aker Solutions ASA and Aker Solutions ASA’s (including subsidiaries and affiliates) lines of business. These expectations, estimates and projections are generally identifiable by statements containing words such as “expects”, “believes”, “estimates” or similar expressions. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expectations include, among others, economic and market conditions in the geographic areas and industries that are or will be major markets for Aker Solutions’ businesses, oil prices, market acceptance of new products and services, changes in governmental regulations, interest rates, fluctuations in currency exchange rates and such other factors as may be discussed from time to time in the Presentation. Although Aker Solutions ASA believes that its expectations and the Presentation are based upon reasonable assumptions, it can give no assurance that those expectations will be achieved or that the actual results will be as set out in the Presentation. Aker Solutions ASA is making no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the Presentation, and neither Aker Solutions ASA nor any of its directors, officers or employees will have any liability to you or any other persons resulting from your use. Aker Solutions consists of many legally independent entities, constituting their own separate identities. Aker Solutions is used as the common brand or trade mark for most of these entities. In this presentation we may sometimes use “Aker Solutions”, “we” or “us” when we refer to Aker Solutions companies in general or where no useful purpose is served by identifying any particular Aker Solutions company.

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Aker Solutions LNG

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