FABRICAT FABRICATION ION OF PNEUMATIC PNEUMATIC BRAKING BR AKING SYSTEM
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
“DIPLOMA
IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
”
SUBMITTED BY:
1. G.K. MANIGANDAN
4. J. DHANAJEYAN
2. B. KARTHIKEYAN
5. D. DURAIVEL
3. P. BALASUBRAMANI
6. L. PRABHU
Under guidance of
Mr. V.K. RAJENDRAN,M. RAJEND RAN,M.E. E. MA!" #$%&' DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ENGINEERIN G
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE Thi( i( to certif) that thi( *ro+ect wor, on
-
FABRICAT FABRICATION ION OF PNEUMATIC PNEUMATIC BRAKING BRA KING SYSTEM "
(ubmitted b) ........ .....' eg' /o' ..... in partial fulfillment for the award of DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Thi( i( the bonafide record of wor, carried out b) him under our (uper0i(ion during the )ear #$%& Submitted for the 1i0a20oce e3am held on .....''
"EAD 45 T"E DE*ATME/T DE*ATME/T
I/TE/A8 E9AMI/E
*46E!T 7UIDE
E9TE/A8 E9AMI/E
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the out(et we would li,e to empha(i;e our (incere than,( to the *rincipal Mr. Mr. R. J. KUMAR, B.E., M.E., MISTE., Ph.D., encouragement and 0aluable ad0ice'
we than than, , our our E(qu E(quir ired ed "ead "ead of Depa Departm rtmen entt Mr R. RAJKUMAR RAJKUMAR,, A.M.I.E A.M.I.E,, M.E., for pre(enting hi( felicitation( on u('
Department'
Ultimatel) Ultimatel) we e3tend e3tend our than,( than,( to all who had rendered rendered their their co2operatio co2operation n for the (ucce(( of the pro+ect'
CONTENTS !hapter /o'
TIT8E
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I/T4DU!TI4/
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SY/4*SIS SIS
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<4@I/7 I/7
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DES!I DES!I*TI4 *TI4/ / 45 BA@E BA@E SYSTEM SYSTEM
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BA@ BA@E E DET DETAI8S
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AI BA@ BA@E E DIA7 DIA7A AM M
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ME!"A/I!A ME!"A/I!A8 8 S*A S*AE *ATS TS DETA DETAI8S
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*/EUMA */EUMATI! *AT *ATS S DETA DETAI8S
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5I/IS"I 5I/IS"I/7 /7 A/D *AI/TI/7 I/TI/7
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!4ST ESTIMATI4/ ESTIMATI4/
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BIBI847A*"Y
Thi( i( a (elf F a((e((ment te(t on the part of the (tudent( to a((e(( hi( competenc) in creati0it)' During the cour(e of (tud) the (tudent i( put on a (ound theoretical foundation of 0ario 0ariou( u( mech mechan anic ical al engi engine neer erin ing g (ub+ (ub+ec ect( t( and and of cour( cour(e e to a (ati (ati(fa (fact ctor or) ) e3te e3tent nt'' 4pportunitie( are made a0ailable to him to wor, on different ,ind( of machine( (o that he i( e3po(ed to 0ariou( ,ind( of manufacturing proce((' A( a (tudent( learn more and more hi( hold on production technolog) become( (trong (tronger er''
"e attain( attain( a (tage (tage of perfec perfectio tion n when he him(el him(elff i( able to de(ign de(ign and
fabricate a de0ice' Thi( i( the pro+ect wor,' That i( the te(timon) te(timon) for the (trenuou( (trenuou( training training which which the (tuden (tudentt had in the in(ti in(titut tute' e' Thi( Thi( a((ure( a((ure( that that he i( no more a (tuden (tudent t he i( an engineer' Thi( report di(cu(e( the nece((it) of the pro+ect and 0ariou( a(pect( of planning de(ign (election of material( fabrication erection e(timation and te(ting'
ABSTRAC The aim i( to de(ign and de0elop a control ()(tem ba(ed on brea,ing ()(tem of an AI controlled (afel) automoti0e wheel bra,ing ()(tem'
'
The control control 0al0e which which direct( direct( the air to the double acting acting c)linder c)linder for brea,ing control' Thi( bra,ing action( i( implemented In our pro+ect we ha0e to appl) thi( bra,ing ()(tem in one wheel a( a model'
CHAPTER –1
DESCRI PTI ON OFBRAKE SYSTEM
CHAPTER – 1 DESCRIPTION OF BRAKE SSTEM 1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Bra,e( are one of the mo(t important control component( of the 0ehicle' The) are required to (top the 0ehicle within the (malle(t po((ible di(tance and thi( i( done b) con0erting the ,inetic energ) of the wheel( into the heat energ) which i( di((ipated into the atmo(phere'
T!"#$ %& 'r()#$ '($#* %+ #-h%* %& (-/(-0%+
%' Mech Mechan anic ical al bra bra,e ,e(( #' ")dr ")drau auli licc bra, bra,e( e( ?' Electr Electric ic and and electr electroni onicc bra,e( bra,e( ' 1acuum cuum bra, bra,e( e( ' Air Air bra,e ra,e((
T!"#$ %& 'r()#$ '($#* %+ (""20(-0%+
%' Drum Drum bra,e ra,e(( #' Di(c Di(c bra bra,e( ,e( ?' *ar, *ar,in ing g Bra, Bra,e( e(
1.3 DRUM BRAKES
The modern automobile drum bra,e wa( in0ented in %$# b) 8oui( enault though a le(( 2 (ophi(ticated drum bra,e had been u(ed b) Ma)bach a )ear earlier' In the fir(t drum bra,e( the (hoe( were mechanicall) operated with le0er( and rod( or cable(' 5rom the mid2%?$( the (hoe( were operated with oil pre((ure in a (mall wheel c)linder and pi(ton pi(ton( ( though though (ome (ome 0ehicl 0ehicle( e( contin continued ued with with purel purel)2m )2mech echani anical cal ()(tem ()(tem(( for decade(' Some de(ign( ha0e two wheel c)linder('
The (hoe( in drum bra,e( are (ub+ect to wear and the bra,e( needed to be ad+u(ted regularl) until the introduction of (elf ad+u(ting drum bra,e( in the %$(' In the %&$( and %C$( bra,e drum( on the front wheel of car( were graduall) replaced with di(c bra,e( and now practicall) all car( u(e di(c bra,e( on the front wheel( with man) offeri offering ng di(c di(c bra,e( bra,e( on all wheel( wheel('' "owe0e "owe0er r drum bra,e( bra,e( are (till (till often often u(ed u(ed for handbra,e( a( it ha( pro0ed 0er) difficult to de(ign a di(c bra,e (uitable for holding a car when it i( not in u(e' Moreo0er it i( 0er) ea() to fit a drum handbra,e in(ide a di(c bra,e (o that one unit (er0e( for both footbra,e and handbra,e'
Earl) t)pe bra,e (hoe( contained a(be(to('
Drum bra,e( con(i(t of a bac,ing plate bra,e (hoe( bra,e drum wheel c)linder return (pring( and an automatic or (elf2ad+u(ting ()(tem'
1.3.1 BRAKE SHOES
8i,e the di(c pad( bra,e (hoe( con(i(t of a (teel (hoe with the friction material or lining ri0eted or bonded to it' Al(o li,e di(c pad( the lining( e0entuall) wear out and mu(t be replaced' If the lining( are allowed to wear through to the bare metal (hoe the) will cau(e (e0ere damage to the bra,e drum'
1.3.3 BACKING PLATE
The bac,ing plate i( what hold( e0er)thing together' It attache( to the a3le and form( a (olid (urface for the wheel c)linder bra,e (hoe( and a((orted hardware' It rarel) cau(e( an) problem('
1.3.4 BRAKE DRUM
Bra,e drum( are made of iron and ha0e a machined (urface on the in(ide where the (hoe( ma,e contact' 6u(t a( with di(c rotor( bra,e drum( will (how (ign( of wear a( the bra,e lining( (eat them(el0e( again(t the machined (urface of the drum'
1.3.5 WHEEL CLINDER
The wheel c)linder con(i(t( of a c)linder that ha( two pi(ton( one on each (ide' Each pi(ton ha( a rubber (eal and a (haft that connect( the pi(ton with a bra,e (hoe'
with the drum'
The ma+or component( of the drum bra,e a((embl) i( (hown in the following figure the detailed e3ploded 0iew of drum bra,e component('
1.3.6 RETURN SPRINGS
eturn (pring( pull the bra,e (hoe( bac, to their re(t po(ition after the pre((ure i( relea(ed from the wheel c)linder' If the (pring are wea, and do not return the (hoe( all the wa) it will cau(e premature lining wear becau(e the lining( will remain in contact with the drum' A good technician will e3amine the (pring( during a bra,e +ob and recommend their replacement if the) (how (ign( of fatigue' 4n certain 0ehicle( the techni technicia cian n ma) recomm recommend end replac replacing ing them them e0en e0en if the) the) loo, loo, good good a( ine3pe ine3pen(i n(i0e 0e in(urance'
1.3.7 SELF ADJUSTING SSTEM
The part( of a (elf ad+u(ting ()(tem (hould be clean and mo0e freel) to in(ure that the bra,e( maintain their ad+u(tment o0er the life of the lining(' If the (elf ad+u(ter( (top wor,ing )ou will notice that )ou will ha0e to (tep down further and further on the bra,e pedal before )ou feel the bra,e( begin to engage' Di(c bra,e( are (elf ad+u(ting b) nature nature and do not require require an) t)pe of mechani(m mechani(m''
1.4 PARKING BREAKS
The par,in par,ing g bra,e bra,e =a','a =a','a'' emerg emergenc enc) ) bra,e> bra,e> ()(tem ()(tem contro control( l( the rear rear bra,e( bra,e( through a (erie( of (teel cable( that are connected to either a hand le0er or a foot pedal' The idea i( that the ()(tem i( full) full) mechanical mechanical and completel) completel) b) pa((e( pa((e( the h)draulic h)draulic ()(tem (o that the 0ehicle can be brought to a (top e0en if there i( a total bra,e failure'
In drum bra,e( the cable pull( on a le0er mounted in the rear bra,e and i( directl) connected to the bra,e (hoe(' Thi( ha( the effect of b) pa((ing the wheel c)linder and controlling the bra,e( directl)'
%' Supp Suppor ortt pla plate te #' *ar, *ar, bra bra,e ,e (ho (hoe( e( ?' Equ Equali ali;er ;er ' Sprin ring( ' "old "old down down clip clip(( &' Ad+u(ter
Di(c bra,e( on the rear wheel( add additional complication for par,ing bra,e ()(tem(' There are two main de(ign( for adding a mechanical par,ing bra,e to rear di(c bra,e(' The fir(t t)pe u(e( the e3i(ting rear wheel caliper and add( a le0er attached to a mechanical cor,(crew de0ice in(ide the caliper pi(ton'
4n car( with automatic tran(mi((ion( the par,ing bra,e i( rarel) u(ed' Thi( can cau(e a couple of problem(' The bigge(t problem i( that the bra,e cable( tend to get corroded and e0entuall) (i;e up cau(ing the par,ing bra,e to become inoperati0e' B) u(ing the par,ing bra,e from time to time the cable( (ta) clean and functional' Another Another problem come( from the fact that the (elf ad+u(ting mechani(m on certain bra,e ()(tem( u(e( the par,ing bra,e actuation to ad+u(t the bra,e(' If the par,ing bra,e i( ne0er u(ed then the bra,e( ne0er get ad+u(ted' ad+u(ted'
1.5 DISC BRAKES 1.5.1 INTRODUCTION
Di(c bra,e( con(i(t of a metal di(c attached to the wheel hub that rotate( with the wheel' !aliper( are attached to the frame or for, along with pad( that (quee;e together on the di(c' Such bra,e( ha0e been (ucce((full) u(ed on motorc)cle( for decade( and been the principal choice choice there' The The di(c bra,e i( a lot li,e the the bra,e( on bic)cle' Bic)cle Bic)cle bra,e( ha0e a caliper which (quee;e( the bra,e pad( again(t the wheel' In a di(c bra,e the bra,e pad( (quee;e the rotor in(tead of the wheel and the force i( tran(mitted h)draulicall) in(tead of through a cable' 5riction between the pad( and the di(c (low( the di(c down'
1.5.3 CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION
THEOR OF CONVENTIONAL HDRAULIC DISC BRAKE
A Di(c bra,e u(e( a flat round di(c or rotor attached to the wheel hub in(tead of a drum' Bra,e pad( are po(itioned on the oppo(ite (ide( of the rotor and are
mounted in the bra,e caliper' The caliper contain( the h)draulic pi(ton u(ed to appl) the (hoe( and to tran(mit the bra,ing force( from the (hoe( to the (u(pen(ion member('
All di(c bra,e( are non energi;ed non (er0o bra,e(G lining pre((ure i( directl) proportional to bra,e pedal pedal pre((ure' !entrifugal force will throw the contaminant( off the rotor' A di(c bra,e will ha0e much cooler operation than drum bra,e( becau(e of increa(ed area that i( e3po(ed to the air flowing pa(t it'
All modern automoti0e bra,e ()(tem u(e( a h)draulic ()(tem to tran(mit the application force( from the bra,e pedal to the bra,e (hoe(' The bra,eH( h)draulic ()(tem begin( at the ma(ter c)linder' The ma(ter c)linder i( ba(icall) a pi(ton t)pe h)draulic pump operated b) the bra,e pedal' A( bra,e pedal i( pu(hed bra,e fluid i( pumped to the caliper or wheel c)linder pi(ton' Thi( fluid pu(he( on the pi(ton( which pu(h the bra,e (hoe( again(t the rotor'
%.5.4 ADVANTAGES OF DISC BRAKES OVER DRUM BRAKES
In ca(e of di(c bra,e( the friction( (urface i( directl) e3po(ed to the cooling air (o the heat di((ipation i( much ea(ier in di(c bra,e than drum bra,e('
The frictional (urface in ca(e of di(c bra,e( are flat when compared to cur0ed (urface of drum bra,e( thi( mean in di(c bra,e( there there i( uniform wear' wear'
5rictional pad material i( not (ub+ected to an) bending thereb) increa(ing the range of material( from which to choo(e the (uitable one'
The de(ign of di(c bra,e( i( (uch that there i( no lo(( efficienc) due to e3pan(ion a( the ()(tem become( hot e3pan(ion of drum of internall) e3panded (hoe t)pe( if bra,e tend( to mo0e the friction (urface apart cau(ing a lo(( of effecti0e pedal tra0el on the friction (urface( (lightl) without tending to increa(e the clearance'
Di(c bra,e weigh le(( than their con0entional drum t)pe counterpart a (a0ing appro3imatel) #$J being po((ible'
Di(c bra,e ha( a better anti fade characteri(tic( than drum bra,e('
1.5. DISADVANTAGES
An) lea,age( of h)draulic fluid lead( to bra,e failure
Air bubble( if an) got trapped in the h)draulic circuit will re(ult i( bra,e failure'
Sufficient le0el of bra,e fluid (hould alwa)( be maintained all the time
")draulic di(c bra,e( u(uall) require relati0el) (peciali;ed tool( to bleed the bra,e ()(tem('
epair( on the trail are difficult to perform wherea( mechanical di(c bra,e( rarel) fail completel)' completel)'
!on(idering the abo0e mentioned ad0antage( and (uperior nature of di(c bra,e( we decided to choo(e modification( in di(c bra,e( to ma,e it much (impler and more effecti0e and cheaper de(ign'
1.6 HDRAULIC VS MECHANICAL
Two main di(c bra,e ()(tem( e3i(t: h)draulic and mechanical =cable2actuated>' Mechanical di(c bra,e( =which are almo(t alwa)( le(( e3pen(i0e than h)draulic> ha0e le(( modulation than h)draulic di(c bra,e ()(tem( and (ince the cable i( u(uall) open to the out(ide mechanical di(c bra,e tend to pic, up (mall bit( of dirt and grit in the cable line( when ridden in har(h terrain' ")draulic di(c ra,e( u(e fluid from a re(er0oir pu(hed through a ho(e to actuate the pi(ton( in the di(c caliper that then actuate the pad(' ")draulic di(c bra,e ()(tem( generall) ,eep contaminant( out better' "owe0er (ince h)draulic di(c bra,e( u(uall) require relati0el) (peciali;ed tool( to bleed the bra,e ()(tem( repair( on the trail are difficult to perform wherea( mechanical di(c bra,e( rarel) fail completel)' ")draulic di(c bra,e( occa(ionall) require bleeding of the bra,e line( to remo0e air bubble(' There are two t)pe( of bra,e fluid u(ed in di(c bra,e( toda): mineral oil and D4T fluid' Mineral oil i( generall) inert and while D4T ha( a higher boiling point it i( ,nown to be corro(i0e to frame paint' The two are generall) not interchangeable a( the different fluid( ma) cau(e (eal( to (well or be corroded' Al(o the h)draulic fluid ma) boil on (teep continuou( down hill(' Thi( i( due to heat building up in the di(c and pad( and can cau(e the bra,e to lo(e it( abilit) to tran(mit force through incompre((ible fluid( (ince (ome of it ha( become a ga( which i( compre((ible' To a0oid thi( problem #$? mm = inch> diameter di(c rotor( ha0e become common on downhill bi,e(' 8arge( rotor( di((ipate heat more quic,l) and ha0e a larger amount of ma(( ma(( to ab(o ab(orb rb heat eat' 5or 5or the the(e rea( rea(on on( ( one one mu(t u(t weigh eigh the ad0 ad0ant antage age( and and di(ad0antage( of u(ing a h)draulic ()(tem 0er(u( a mechanical ()(tem'
4ur de(ign i( mainl) focu(ed to a0oid the abo0e mentioned di(ad0antage( b) entirel) new and inno0ati0e ()(tem for di(c bra,e(' The main concept of our pro+ect i( deri0ed from electronic wedge bar,ing ()(tem' and few important outline of the E
CHAPTER -2 AI R BRAKI NG SYSTEM
FABRI CATI ON OF THE PROJECT
FABRICAT FABRICATION ION OF THE PROJECT
Thi spr oj e ctconsi s t sof
1)DCVs ys t em
2)Pneumat i cact uat oruni t 3)Twowheel er( TVSMO MOPED)
2. PNEUMA MATI C ACTUATOR UNI T;
The br ake l e v eri sc onnect ed t ot he doubl e ac t i ng cy l i nderwhi c hi s cont r ol l ed by t he 5/2 way sol enoi d oper at ed di r ect i onalcont r olval ve. Thi scyl i nderhas12mm di aand25mm s t r okel e ngt h. 3) Twowheel er( TVSMO MOPED)
To f abr i cat et hi sbr akes e tup arranged.
a TVS CHAMP t wo whe el e rmoped i s
WO W ORKI NG PRI NCI PLE
WO W ORKI NG PRI NCI PLE
Thi spr oj e ctconsi s t sof
1)AI Rcont r olsyst em 2)Pneumat i cact uat oruni t 3)Twowheel er( TVSMO MOPED)
2. 5. 1.ADVANTAGES
2. 5. 1.ADVANTAGES
%' Bra, Bra,ee co(t co(t wil willl be le( le((( #' 5ree from wear wear ad+u( ad+u(tme tment( nt( ?' 8e(( 8e(( powe powerr con( con(ump umptio tion n ' 8e(( (,ill (,ill techni technician cian(( i( (ufficie (ufficient nt to operat operatee ' In(tallatio In(tallation n i( i( (impli (implified fied 0er) much
I ncr eased saf et y:i mpr oveme menti n maneuver abi l i t y and st abi l i t y oft he
v ehi cl e
Mor er oom andl esswei ght :f ewercomp mponent sr esul ti nsavi ngsi nt er ms ofspaceandwei ght
Fl e x i bi l i t yande as eo fmai nt e nanc e
DISADVANTAGES
%' /eed /eed (epa (epara rate te air air tan, tan,
#' Thi( Thi( bra,e bra,e ()(tem ()(tem i( co(tli co(tlier er one' one' ?' Addition Addition co(t co(t i( required required to in(tall in(tall thi( thi( ()(tem ()(tem to four wheeler wheeler
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
%' 5our 5our wheel wheeler er appl applica icatio tion n #' It i( al(o implement implemented ed in two wheeler wheeler
DESCRIPTION OF PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION OF PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
%' Double Double acting acting air c)linde c)linderr with pi(to pi(ton n arrangement arrangement'' #' Spool 0al0e =# po(itio po(ition n port( 0al0e> 0al0e> ?' *neu *neuma mati ticc fitti fitting ng(( a' Bul, Bul, head head unio union n b' 5le3ible ho(e( c' Air Air com compr pre( e((o (or( r(
DOUBLE ACTING AIR CLINDER WITH PISTON ARRANGEMENT
It con(i(t( of a pi(ton in(ide in(ide a c)lindrical hou(ing called a barrel' Attached Attached to one end of the pi(ton i( a rod which the rod end ha( one port' Thi( rod end port i( u(ed for entrance of air and e3tend( out(ide one end of the c)linder' c)linder' At another end i( a port for e3it of air' Double acting c)linder c)linder can be e3tended and retracted pneumaticall)' pneumaticall)' The (malle(t bore (i;e of a double acting c)linder i( % %K inch' The pi(ton which i( made of ductile Iron contain( u2cup pac,ing to (eal again(t lea,age
between the pi(ton and barrel' barr el' The port( are located in the end cap( which are (ecured to the barrel b) bolt( and nut('
SPOOL SPO OL VALVE VALVE
The (pool i( rod in K# 0alue( (o that K# 0al0e i( called -(pool 0al0e' It u(ed to change the path of flow of air'
DIRECTING CONTROL VALVES
A direction control 0al0e i( u(ed to change the direction of airflow a( and when required b) the ()(tem for re0er(ing the machine tool de0ice(' A direction control 0al0e ma) be cla((ified according to the con(truction of the internal mo0ing part( a(
%' otar) otar) (pool (pool T)pe' )pe' #' Slidin Sliding g Spoo Spooll T)pe' )pe' ?' Soleno Solenoid id operat operated ed 0al0e( 0al0e(
SOLENOID OPERATED VALVES
Solenoid Solenoid 0al0e( 0al0e( are electromechani electromechanical cal de0ice( de0ice( li,e rela)( and contractor( contractor(''
A
(olenoid 0al0e i( u(ed to obtain mechanical mo0ement in machiner) b) utili;ing fluid or air pre((ure' pre((ure' The fluid fluid or air pre((ure i( applied applied to the c)linder c)linder pi(ton through through a 0al0e operated operated b) a c)lindrical c)lindrical electrical electrical coil' coil' The electrical electrical coil coil along with it( frame frame and plunger i( ,nown a( the (olenoid and the a((embl) of (olenoid and mechanical 0al0e i( ,nown a( (olenoid 0al0e'
The (olenoid 0al0e i( thu( another importa rtant
electromechanical de0ice u(ed in control of machine(' machine(' Solenoid 0al0e( are of two two t)pe( %' Single Single (olenoid (olenoid (pring (pring return return operati operating ng 0al0e= 0al0e=K#> K#> #' Double Double (olen (olenoid oid opera operatin ting g 0al0e' 0al0e'
In fig % i( (hown a (ingle (olenoid (pring return 0al0e in it( de2energi;ed de2energi;ed condition' The ()mbol ()mbol for the (olenoid (olenoid and the return are al(o (hown' (hown' The (olenoid (olenoid 0al0e i( (hown connected to the c)linder to help reader( under(tand the (olenoid 0al0e action' action' In the de energi;ed energi;ed condition the plunger plunger and the 0al0e (pool po(ition a( (hown in figure %'
K# > if air i( u(ed' u(ed' Spring Spring pre((ur pre((uree =S> ,eep( ,eep( the (pool (pool in thi( thi( condition a( long i(
a( the coil
de
energi;e energi;ed' d' 5luid pre((ure pre((ure from port * through through port A i( applied applied to the left (ide of the c)linder pi(ton' Thu( Thu( the c)linder pi(ton mo0e( in the right direction' direction' /ow when the (olenoid coil i( energi;ed plunger i( attracted and it pu(he( the (pool again(t (pring pre((ure' The new po(ition of plunger and (pool are (hown in fig #'
In thi( po(ition of (pool port A get( connected to tan, and port * get( connected to port B' Thu( pre((ure i( applied to the c)linder c)linder pi(ton from right and mo0e( the pi(ton rod to the left' left' At the the (ame time time fluid fluid in the other other (ide (ide i( drained drained out to the the tan,' tan,' will mo0e the (pool to it( original po(ition a( (hown in figure %' Thu( normall) when the (olenoid (olenoid coil i( de energi;ed the pi(ton rod remain( e3tended' e3tended'
PNEUMATIC FITTINGS
There are no nut( to tighten the tube to the fitting( a( in the con0entional t)pe of metallic metallic fitting(' fitting(' The tube i( connected connected to the fitting fitting b) a (imple (imple pu(h en(uring lea, lea, proof connection and can be relea(ed b) pre((ing the cap and doe( not require an) (pecial tooling li,e (panner to connect =or> di(connect the tube from the fitting'
SPECIFICATION OF THE FITTING
Bod) Material
2 *la(tic
!ollectKThread /ipple
2 Bra((
Seal
2 /itrate ubber
5luid U(ed
2 Air
Ma3' 4perating *re((ure
2 C Bar
Tolera leranc ncee on on 4D 4D of of the the tube tube((
2 ± % mm
Min' Min'
2 % mm'
FLE8IBLE HOSES
The The *neu *neuma mati ticc ho(e ho(e( ( whic which h i( u(ed u(ed when when pneu pneuma mati ticc comp compon onen ent( t( (uch (uch a( actuator( are (ub+ected (ub+ected to mo0ement' mo0ement' "o(e i( fabricated in la)er of Ela(tomer or ()nthetic rubber which permit( operation operation at high high pre((ure' The (tandard out(ide diameter of tubing tubing i( %K%& inch' inch' If the ho(e i( (ub+ected (ub+ected to rubbing it (hould (hould be enca(ed in a protecti0e (lee0e'
CON ONCLUSI ON
Bydo i ngt hi smi mi nipr oj ectwewer eabl et ounder st andt hei mport anceof
Coor di nat i onbet weent hevar i ousdepart ment si nanmanuf act ur i nguni t
Thi s br ake sys t em offer s ampl e scope f or i mpr ov ementBy pr ovi di ng i nt e r mi mi t t e ntf o r c eatt hebr akepl at e .Oneoft hema ma j o ra i mst oac hi e v ei st hat when t heoper at orseesa br akef or ce,t hatheneedst o know i mmedi at el y st r i kehi m,i mpl yi ngt hatt hedesi gnssi mpl eandeasi l yunder st andabl e.Such was t he case wi t h AI R br ake sys t em.AI R Br ake sys t em ar e hai l ed as t he g r e a t e s tme c hani c alc o nt r i v anc e .
REFERENCE
Henr y Har t mann,Mat 1i n Shaut t ,Ant oni o Pasc ucci ,Ber nd Gom mb ber t . " eBr ake® -t heme mec hat r oni cwedgebr ake" ,SAE Tec hni calPaperSer i es , paperNo.2002012582,6pp,2002.
“ Aut omo mot i veBr aki ngSys t em” m”,byThoma masW. W.bi r ch.
“ Aut omo mot i v e Engi nee r i ng Fundame ment al s”by Ri char d St one,Jeffr eyK. Bal l
Si i gma marMi Mi cke ,Ri char d E.Thomp mpson,Ber ndHol ge rRoehl i ng ( 1990) .
Thei nt r oduct i ono fi akesf orTr ucksendBuse si nEur ope,SAE A rDi s cBr Techni calPaperser i es,paperNo.902203.
Ri c har d Rober t s,Ber nd Gomb mber t ,Hemy Har t mann,Di t t marLange ,& Mar t i n Schaut t . " Tes t i ngt heMec hat r oni cWedgeBr ake" ,SAE Te chni cal PaperSer i es,paperNo. 2004012766,9pp,2004.
Thei nv es t i gat i on ofdi scbr akemec hani sms.-Mi nsk Aut omot i v ePl ant , 1999.l I p.
COST ESTIMATION
COST ESTIMATION
%' BA@E BA@E SYSTEM SYSTEM
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#$$$'$ #$$$'$$ $
#' AI !Y8I/DE
%%$$'$$
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%#$$'$$
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&' &K &K *48 *48YUET UET"A "A/E /E TUBE TUBE 222222 222222#M #MET ETE E22 22222 222222 22222 22
#$$' #$$'$$ $$
C' Tran(port co(t 22222222222222222222222222222222
?$$'$$ LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
Total
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PHOTO VIEW
PHOTO VIEW
