agro climatic zones in maharashtra

4. Agro Climatic Zones in Maharashtra

Agro Climatic Zones in Maharashtra : 1. South Kokan Coastal Zone Sr. No.

Name of the Zone

Geographic al location

I

Very high rainfall zone with laterite soils

15.30 to 18.50 N Latitude72 45 to 74 50 E Longitude

Geographic al spread of the zone/Distric ts and tahsils included Comprises mainly of Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg Districts Total area of the zone is 13.20 lakh ha. area under cultivation 3.5 lakh ha.

Climatic conditions

Avera ge annual rainfal l

Soil type

Crop and cropping pattern

Daily temp. above 20 C. Through out the year. May hottest above 33 C. Rainfall due to S-W monsoon from June to Sept.

3105 mm in 101 days

Laterite .PH 5.56.5 acidic, poor in phosphor ous rich in nitrogen and Potassiu m

Rice is the major crops i.e. 39% of cultivated area. Ragi 2nd imp crop 0.45 lakh. Ha. Vari is a minor hillmillet grown on the slopes, pulses like horsegram grown on residual moisture. Oilseeds- Niger / Sesamum, area under Summer Ground nut, Jowar and Tur is likely to increase with irrigation. Horticultural cropsMango, Coconut, Arecanut, Cashewnut Jackfruit, Banana and Pineapple Spices like clove Nutmeg and Blackpepper

World Institute of Sustainable Energy

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Sr. No .

Name of the Zone


II

Very high rainfall zone with non lateritic soils

17 52 to 20 20 latitude 70 70 to 73 48 E longitude

North Kokan Coastal Zone

Geographical spread of the zone/Districts and tahsils included

Climatic conditions

Average annual rainfall

Comprises of Thane & Raigad districts. Total area 16.59 lakh. ha Net sown area 4.69 lakh ha. With forest zone about 3%. 32% of land is under forest.

Avg. daily temp 22 to 30C.Mini.t emp17 to 27 C. Humidity 98%in rainy season & winter-60%

2607 mm in 87 days. Maximu m rain received in July i.e.41%

Soil type


Coarse Rice is & major crop shallow. 40,600 PH 5.5 lakh.ha Vari to 6.5, 19,600 ha. acidic Pulses-udid Rich in / tur nitrogen Vegetables, poor in brinjal, phospho tomato Oil rus & seeds potash. sesamum, niger Fruits banana, chicoo

3. Western Ghat Zone Sr . N o.

Name of the Zone

Geograph ical location

III

Weste Narrow rn strip Ghat extending Zone / from north Ghat to south zone along the crest of Sahyadri ranges

Geographic al spread of the zone/Distric ts and tahsils included It includes hilly high lying terrains of Kolahapur, Satara, Pune, Ahmednagar & Nasik districts & small area of Sindhudurg district. Altitude varies from 10001900mt

Climatic condition s


Maximu 3000 to 6000 m temp. mm. Rainfall ranges recorded in from 29different 39 C. places of the Minimum zone viz temp Igatpuri, ranges Lonawala, from 13Mahabalesh 20 C. war & Radhanagari.


Soil type


'Warkas ' i.e. light laterite & reddish brown. Distinctly acidic, poor fertility low phosphoro us& potash content.

25% area is under forest. Principal cropsrice/ragi/kodra & other cereals. Rabi Jowar, gram, groundnut, niger. Sugarcane major crop. Area under spices 353 ha. Fruits &vegetables 2933ha.Well suited conditions for rainfed crops. Fruits ± Mango, Cashew, Jackfruit, Jamun and Karwanda.

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4.

Sr. No.

Name of the Zone

Geographi cal location

IV

Sub Montane Zone/Transiti on Zone 1

Located on eastern slopes of Sahyadri ranges

Transition zone -1

Geographi Climatic cal spread conditio of the zone ns / Districts and tahsils included Spreads Average over 19 maximu tahsils of m five temperat districts viz, ure is nasik, pune, between satara, 28-35 C sangli & and kolhapur. minimum The area of 14-19 C the zone measures 10,289 Sq Km

Averag e annual rainfall

V

Name of the Zone


Geographic al spread of the zone/Distric ts and tahsils included Western It is a wider This zone Maharashtr strip includes a Plain running tahsils of Zone/ parallel to e Dhule, Transition - astern side Ahmednagar 2 of Sub , Sangli & mountain central Zone. tahsils of Nasik, Pune, Satara & Kolhapur districts. Geographica l area 17.91 lakh ha .Net area sown is 8.86 Lakh ha.


700Soils are Mainly 2500 reddish dominated by mm. brown to kharrif cereals, Rains black groundnut & received tending to sugarcane. Rabi mostly lateritic. crops are taken from S- PH 6where there are W 7.Well deep soils & monsoo supplied moisture holding n. in capacity. nitrogen Vegetables but low in potato, onion, phosphoro chilies, tomato & us & brinjal. Fruits potash mango, banana, guava cashew & grapes.

5. Transition Zone Sr . N o.

Soil type

2

Climatic condition s


Water availabilit y ranges from 120-150 days. Maximu m temperatu re 40C & minimum 5C.

Well Topograph The zone is distribute y is plain. predominantly a d rainfall Soils kharif tract 700 to grayish suitable for single 1200 mm. black. rainfed crop. Moderately Principal crops alkaline grown-kharif & 7.4-8.4, Rabi Jowar, lowest Bajra, Groundnut, layer is Wheat, 'Murum' Sugarcane, Udid, strata. Fair Tur, Gram & in NPK Ragi. content. Well drained & good for irrigation.


Soil type


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6.

Sr. No.

Name of Geograthe phical Zone location

VI

Western Maharas htra Scarcity Zone/ Scarcity Zone

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Geograph ical spread of the zone/ Districts and tahsils included This zone covers geographi cal area of 73.23 lakh ha. The gross & net cultivated area is 58.42 ad 53.0 lakh ha respective ly.

Scarcity Zone

Climatic conditions


Soil type

Suffers from Less than General very low 750mm in topography is rainfall with 45 days. having slope uncertainty & Two between 1ill distribution. peaks of 2%. Occurrence of rainfall, Infiltration drought is 1) rate is 6-7 noted once in June/July mm/hr. The three years. 2) soils are Dry spell Septembe vertisol. Soils varies from 2r. have 10 weeks. Bimodal montmorillon Water pattern of ite clay. Poor availability 60- rainfall. in nitrogen, 140 days. low to Which is medium in affected due to phosphate & 1) delayed well supplied onset of in potash. monsoon 2) early cessation of monsoon. Maximum temperature 41 C minimum 14-15 C



Based on bimodal distribution of rainfall hence two cropping systems are noticed. During kharif shallow & poor moisture retentive soils are cultivated. Medium deep, moisture holding capacity soils are diverted to rabi cropping. Kharif cropping 2530%. Crops bajra, Jowar, Groundnut, safflower, pulses etc. Productivity is rather low in both the seasons.

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Sr.

Name of the Zone

Geographical location

No.

VII

Central Maharashtra Plateau Zone /Assured Rainfall Zone

-

Assured Rainfall Zone

Geographical spread of the zone/Districts and tahsils included Comprises parts of Aurangabad, Jalna beed & Osmanabad districts. Major parts of Parbhani & Nanded & complete Latur Buldhana & parts of Akola, Amravati, Yavatmal, Jalgaon, Dhule & Solapur. Area accounts to 75 lakh ha. Gross cropped area is 67.8 lakh ha. Forest accounts to 9.90 % of geographical area.

Climatic conditions


Maximum temperature 41 C Minimum temperature 21 C

700 to Soil colour Jowar is a 900 ranges from predominant mm 75% black to red. crop occupying rains Type33% of gross received 1) vertisols 2) cropped area in all entisols & cottondistricts 3) inceptisols 22.55%.oilseeds of the PH 7-7.5 5.17%, pulses zone. 7.63 %.Kharif, Jowar / Bajra followed by gram , safflower . Area under paddy is increasing. Pulses - tur, mung, udid, gram & lentils Oil seedsgroundnut, sesamum safflower & niger. Sugarcane & summer crops are taken on availability of irrigation.


Soil type


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Sr. No.

Name of the Zone

VIII Central Vidarbha Zone /Zone of Moderate Rainfall

Moderate Rainfall Zone

Geographical location

Geographical spread of the zone/Districts and tahsils included

Climatic conditions

There are five sub- zones of central Vidarbha zone based on climate soil & cropping pattern

The zone includes entire Wardha, major parts of Nagpur Yavatmal 2 tahsils of Chandrapur & parts of Aurangabad, Jalna Parbhani & Nanded districts. Largest agro climatic zone encompassing 49.88 lakh ha geographical area & 35.73 lakh ha net cropped area.

Maximum temperature 33-38 C Minimum temperature 16-26 C. Average daily humidity 72 % in rainy season, 53 % in winter & 35% in summer.



1130 mm.

Soil type

Black soils derived from basalt rock. Medium to heavy in texture alkaline in reaction. Low lying areas are rich and fertile.


Cropping patterns Involves Cotton, Kh. Jowar, Tur, Wheat other Pluses & Oilseeds

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9.

Sr. No.

IX

Eastern Vidarbha Zone

Name of the Zone

Geographi cal location

Geographical spread of the zone / Districts and Tahsils included

Climatic conditions

Eastern Vidharbha Zone/High Rainfall Zone with Soils derived from parent material of different crops. There are four sub zone based on climate, soil sand crop pattern

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Includes entire Bhandara & Gadchiroli and parts of Chandrapur and Nagpur districts. Geographical area is 32.7 lakh / Ha. And with almost 50% under forest. Gross crop area 10.8 lakhs/Ha.

Mean Maximum temperature varies from 32 to 37 C. Minimum temperature 15 to 24 C. Daily humdity 73% for rainy season 62 winter & 35 summer


Soil type


950 to 1250 Soils mm on derive western side. from 1700 mm on parent extreme east rock side No of granite, rainy days gneisses, 59. and schists. Brown to Red in colour. PH 6 to 7

Paddy is predomina nt crop in Bhandara. Rb. PulsesGram, Lathyrus. Paddy is followed by Rb. Jowar Pulses and Oilseeds.

Source: http://agri.mah.nic.in/ agri/stat/htmlarea/cli_table.htm


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agro climatic zones in maharashtra

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