affacturage-forfaitage

Agklkio op Elklmoeokp `oy gkypgpupgjky agklkigâtoy

Laaliputlmo%ajtalgplmo 

Tçlh Tç lhgy gyç ç ~lt ~l t 6

HJ_DKL @LJ_@G

Et+T+LYYTG

J_GYLE Oh Dlccjuibg YLTL YLKLO PLK@GKL HLHHL ELTGLE

Lkkço 4>>=*4>>2

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^HLK Gkptj`uipgjk ^ltpgo G 6 Agklkioeokp ~lt h‗laaliputlmo  ~tçyokplpgjk mçkçtlho <+ @çagkgpgjk `o H‗laaliputlmo 4+ Yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo 9+ Bgypjtg|uo `o H‗laaliputlmo GG+ Ho ajkipgjkkoeokp `o H-laaliputlmo Hoy yotqgioy `o H-laaliputlmo L |ug y‗l`toyyo h‗laaliputlmo : \ulk` hoy okpto~tgyoy toijutokp î h‗laaliputlmo: Hl ihlyygagilpgjk `oy j~çtlpgjky `‗laaliputlmo Hoy `g `gaaçtokpoy yj yjhupgjky `‗ `‗laaliputlmo GGG+ Laaliputlmo Laalipu tlmo ju lyyutlkio itç`gp GQ+ Ajkipgjkkoeokp `o h‗laaliputlmo <+ Eçilkgyeo futg`g|uo `o h‗laaliputlmo "hl yudtjmlpgjk ~otyjkkohho'+ 4+ Ho igtiugp `‗uko aliputo ok laaliputlmo+ 9+ Hoy tohlpgjky okpto hoy 9 lipouty+ Q+ Lqlkplmoy op gkijkqçkgokpy <+ Lqlkplmoy 4+ Gkijkqçkgokpy QG+ H‗LAALIP_TLMO GKPOTKLPGJKLH ^J_T H-GE^JTP * OR^JTP L+ @çagkgpg @çagkgpgjk jk `o h‗laaliputl h‗laaliputlmo mo D+ H‗laa H‗laalip liputl utlmo mo or~jtp or~jtp I+ Laaliput Laaliputlmo lmo ju alipjtg alipjtgkm km ge~jt ge~jtpp @+ HOY OITGP_TOY OITGP_TOY IJE^PLDHO IJE^PLDHOY Y @-LAALIP @-LAALIP_TLMO _TLMO G+

<+ 4+ 9+ 0+ ?+

QGG+ Dghlk `o h-laaliputlmo `lky ho ejk`o

@ourgâeo ~ltpgo 6 Agklkioeokp ~lt ajtalgplmo G+ @oagkgpgjk `u ajtalgplmo GG+ Qltglkpoy `o ajtalgpgkm

L+ Ho ajtalgpgkm lqoi £ mltlkpgo%il`to mltlkpgo%il`to ³ D+ Ho ajtalgpgkm lqoi toegyo ~tçlhldho `oy ptlgpoy £ gk ptuyp ³+ I+ Ho ajtalgplmo `-oaaopy oyije~pçy £ ylua djkko agk ³ GGG+ Ijóp GQ+ Lqlkplmoy op gkijkqçkgokpy `oy j~çtlpgjky `o ajtalgplmo 6 Q+ Tgy|uoy hgçy î io pw~o `o agklkioeokp  L+  D+ I+  @+

Pgptoy Pgptoy gkl`ç gkl`ç|ulp |ulpyy ju kjk lupjtgyç lupjtgyçyy Tgy|u Tgy|uoo `o `o ijkp ijkpto~ to~ltp ltpgo go Tgy| Tgy|uo uo `o ijut ijutyy Tgy|u Tgy|uoo `o ptlky ptlkylip lipgj gjk k

QG+ ^jyygdghgpçy `-orpokygjk `u eçilkgyeo QGG+ Alipouty `o hgegplpgjk

4

QGGG+ AJTALGPLMO % Çpu`o `o ily < GR+ GKKJAGK LATGIL6 ^TJ^JYGPGJK ^TJ^JYGPGJK @O AGKLKIOEOKP ^TÇYOKPÇO Î HL

DLK\_O LATGILGKO @-GE^JTP*OR^JTP % Çpu`o `o Ily 4 R+ IO \_O HOY DLK\_OY OP HOY ÇPLDHGYYOEOKPY AGKLKIGOTY @OQTLGOKP OKPTO^TOK@TO RG+ IO \_O HOY OR^JTPLPO_TY @OQTLGOKP OKPTO^TOK@TO Ptjgygâeo ~ltpgo 6 Ije~ltlgyjk okpto ajtalgplmo op laaliputlmo ^jgkpy ijeeuky @gaaçtokioy

Gkptj`uipgjk Hl toibotibo `u ejwok `o agklkioeokp l`l~pç î ibl|uo ~tjfop `-okpto~tgyo oyp uk alipout  `çpotegklkp ~jut ~juqjgt tçlhgyot uko j~çtlpgjk ijeeotiglho+ Hoy poibkg|uoy `o agklkioeokp yjkp euhpg~hoy op ibliuko `-okpto ohhoy tç~jk` î uko ygpulpgjk  ~ltpgiuhgâto |u-gh alup dgok g`okpgagot+ Ioy poibkg|uoy `o agklkioeokp agklkioeokp ~oteoppokp `o agklkiot ok lqlh( i-oyp î `gto î ~ltpgt `u ejeokp j÷ h‗okpto~tgyo çegy hl aliputo+ Elgy çmlhoeokp ok lejkp( i-oyp î `gto lu ejeokp `oy liblpy î  ~ltpgt `-uk djk `o ijeelk`o+ Ioy ejwoky `o agklkioeokp agklkioeokp yjkp euhpg~hoy euhpg~hoy op `gaaçtokp ok ajkipgjk `oy doyjgky `o h‗okpto~tgyo L pgpto `-oroe~ho jk ~oup `gypgkmuo okpto 6 hl mltlkpgo ijkpto hoy ge~lwçy( hl moypgjk op ho toijuqtoeokp `u ~jypo ihgokpy( ho agklkioeokp `oy itçlkioy 5; LAALIP_TLMO  hl ~tçqokpgjk `u tgy|uo ihgokpy( ho toijuqtoeokp `oy itçlkioy op h-gk`oekgylpgjk `oy ge~lwçy 5; LYY_TLKIO%ITO@GP  hoy ilupgjky hçmlhoy( çijkjeg|uoy op agklkigâtoy 5; IL_PGJK  ho agkl agklki kioe oeok okpp `oy `oy qokp qokpoy oy op `oy `oy libl liblpy py ~lwç ~lwçyy ~lt ~lt `oy `oy hjwo hjwoty ty 5; ITO@GP% DLGH*HJILPGJK AGKLKIGOTO  ho agklkioeokp lu ije~plkp `oy qokpoy î h-or~jtp 5; AJTALGPGKM Lgkyg jk ~oup `gypgkmuot okpto `oy agklkioeokpy î ijutp poteo " Itç`gp ijeeotiglh( Dghhopy î jt`to( Eltmo `o itç`gp( ^tæpy î ijutp poteo mltlkpgy( Laaliputlmo ' op `oy agklkioeokpy î ejwok op î hjkm poteo "^tæpy " ^tæpy î hjkm poteo( Jdhgmlpgjky( H‗bw~jpbâ|uo( Ho itç`gp%dlgh( Hoy dçkçagioy kjk%tç~ltpgy( Ho agklkioeokp ~lt lipgjky' lipgjky '+ 

Hl ~tçyokpo toibotibo yotl ajilhgyo yut `our ejwoky `o agklkioeokp l ylqjgt h‗laaliputlmo op ajtalgplmo+ ^jut io algto( ohho yotl `gqgyço ok ptjgy ~jgkpy "G( GG( op GGG' `jkp hoy `our ~toegâtoy ptlgpotjkp `‗uko `‗uko elkgâ elkgâto to `gypg `gypgkip kipoo uk ejwok ejwok `o agklki agklkioeo oeokp kp op hl ptjgyg ptjgygâe âeoo yotl yotl ijkyl ijkylito ito l uko ije~ltlgyjk okpto hoy `our ejwoky `o agklkioeokp+

9

^ltpgo G 6 Agklkioeokp ~lt h‗laaliputlmo h‗laaliputlmo G+  ~tçyokplpgjk mçkçtlho

<+

@çagkgpgjk `o H‗laaliputlmo

H-ltpgiho 7 `u @LBGT K¾ <%79%<0= tohlpgay î h-orotigio `o h-lipgqgpç `oy çpldhgyyoeokpy `o Itç`gp op `o hout ijkptðho( `çagkgy laaliputlmo ijeeo yugp 6 £Oyp ijkyg`çtç ijeeo laaliputlmo pjupo ijkqokpgjk ~lt hl|uohho uk çpldhgyyoeokp `o itç`gp y-okmlmo î oaaoipuot ho toijuqtoeokp op( çqokpuohhoeokp( hl ejdghgylpgjk `oy itçlkioy ijeeotiglhoy |uo `çpgokkokp hoy ihgokpy( yjgp ok li|uçtlkp hoy `gpoy itçlkioy( yjgp ok yo ~jtplkp elk`lplgto `o itçlkioy op lqoi( `lky io `otkgot ily( uko mltlkpgo `o djkko agk ³+ 4+ Yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo Hoy yjigçpçy `‗laaliputlmo( `‗laaliputlmo ( ijeeo hoy dlk|uoy( yjkp `oy çpldhgyyoeokpy `o itç`gp( ohhoy `jgqokp æpto æpto lmtç lmtçço çoyy ~lt ~lt ho Ijeg Ijegpç pç `oy `oy çpld çpldhg hgyy yyoe oeok okpy py `o itç` itç`gp gp op `oy `oy okpt okpto~ o~tg tgyo yoyy `‗gkqoypgyyoeokp op yjkp yjuegyoy lu ijkptðho `o hl Ijeegyygjk dlkilgto+ Ohhoy `jgqokp toy~oipot hl tçmhoeokplpgjk tçmhoeokplpgjk dlkilgto |ug hout ge~jyo kjpleeokp `oy tlpgjy `o ijuqotputo op `o `gqgygjk `oy tgy|uoy+ Hl |ulyg%pjplhgpç `oy çpldhgyyoeokpy çpldhgyyoeokpy `‗laaliputlmo ajkp ~ltpgo `o mtju~oy `o ~toegâto ge~jtplkio+ 9+ 

Bgypjtg|uo `o H‗laaliputlmo Hoy lkkçoy 1>( klgyylkio `o h-laaliputlmo `jeoypg|uo

H-laaliputlmo l qu ho fjut lur Oplpy%_kgy ~ugy( yjuy hl ~toyygjk `o fjgkp%qokputoy okpto `oy yjigçpçy `-laaliputlmo `- laaliputlmo leçtgilgkoy op `oy ~ltpoklgtoy hjilur( y-oyp tl~g`oeokp ge~hlkpç( lu eghgou `oy lkkçoy 1>( 1> ( `lky hoy ~lwy `o h-Outj~o `o h-Juoyp+ 

Hoy lkkçoy =>( okqjh `o h-laaliputlmo

Itgyo çijkjeg|uo op alghhgpoy î hl iblëko yjkp ywkjkweoy ~jut djk kjedto `-okpto~tgyoy `o  doyjgk `o yçiutgpç liituo+ Hoy yjigçpçy `- laaliputlmo l~~jtpokp lhjty( `lky hl pjuteokpo( hl mltlkpgo kçioyylgto î uko moypgjk ylgko `u ije~po ihgokpy + Ok ~ltlhhâho( hl itjgyylkio `oy çiblkmoy gkpotklpgjklur k-oyp ~huy ukg|uoeokp ho algp `o euhpgklpgjklhoy( elgy `-uko euhpgpu`o `-okpto~tgyoy `-okpto~tgyoy î hl plghho ~huy ej`oypo |ug ptjuqokp( `lky hoy yjhupgjky `-laaliputlmo î h-or~jtp( h-or~jtp ( uk ejwok pjufjuty ~huy yge~ho op ylky tgy|uo( ~jut  `çqohj~~ot houty laalgtoy+ laalgtoy + 

Hoy lkkçoy 2>( elputgpç op çqjhupgjk

Ho eltibç `o h-laaliputlmo ql ijkklëpto uk oyyjt hgç î uko kjuqohho l~~tjibo%eçpgot `o hl   ~ltp ~ltp `oy `oy ~tgkig ~tgkig~l ~lur ur alipjty 6 euh euhpg pg~h ~hgil gilpg pgjk jk op `wkle `wklegye gyeoo `oy `oy lipg lipgjky jky ijeeot ijeeotigl iglho hoy( y(

0

çeotmokio `oy ~toegoty tçyolur gkpotklpgjklur( l`l~pldghgpç op ~otyjkklhgylpgjk `o h-jaato op kjuqolur yotqgioy ihgokpy+ GG+ Ho ajkipgjkkoeokp `o H-laaliputlmo

<+

Hoy yotqgioy `o H-laaliputlmo H‗laaliputlmo oyp uko poibkg|uo `o moypgjk agklkigâto ~lt hl|uohho( `lky ho il`to `‗uk ijkptlp( uko yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo mâto hoy ije~poy ihgokpy `‗okpto~tgyoy ok li|uçtlkp houty itçlkioy( ok lyyutlkp ho toijuqtoeokp ~jut yjk ~tj~to ije~po op ok yu~~jtplkp hoy ~otpoy çqokpuohhoy yut `oy `çdgpouty gkyjhqldhoy+ Lgkyg( h‗lipo `o qokpo |ug eop ptl`gpgjkkohhoeokp ok ~tçyokio `our ~ltpgoy( ho qok`out op h‗libopout( `jkko klgyylkio î uko itçlkio hjty|uo iohho%ig oyp ~lwldho î poteo+ @lky ho il`to `o h‗laaliputlmo( ioppo itçlkio( gkyitgpo `lky uko aliputo( ql æpto ptlkyaçtço ~lt ho qok`out lu alipjt( ptjgygâeo lipout+ Io `otkgot jaato lu ihgokp l`bçtokp( lur poteoy `‗uk ijkptlp |ug hoy hgo( hoy ptjgy yotqgioy yugqlkpy 6 ․ Ho agklkioeokp `oy doyjgky `o ptçyjtotgo hgçy lur `çhlgy `o tâmhoeokp `oy aliputoy+ Ho toijut toijutyy î h‗laa h‗laalip liputl utlmo mo ~oteop ~oteop ho ~tçag ~tçagklk klkioe ioeokp okp `oy `oy itçlki itçlkioy oy lqlkp lqlkp hout hout lttgqç lttgqçoo î çibçlkio+ ․ Moypgjk `u ~jypo ihgokp Hoy yjigçpçy `‗laaliputlmo `‗laaliputlmo ~ouqokp lyyutot hl moypgjk l`egkgyptlpgqo l`egkgyptlpgqo mhjdlho `o hl aliputlpgjk aliputlpgjk 6 tohlkio( tohlkio( toijuqto toijuqtoeokp eokp `oy aliputo aliputoy( y( okmlmoeo okmlmoeokp kp çqokpuo çqokpuohh `o ~tjiç`uto ~tjiç`utoyy ijkpokp ijkpokpgouy gouyoy oy î h‗çmlt` `oy eluqlgy ~lwouty( opi+ ․ Hl ~tçqokpgjk `oy tgy|uoy op hl mltlkpgo ijkpto hoy ge~lwçy Hoy yjigçpçy `‗laaliputlmo `gy~jyokp `o ~huygouty yjutioy `‗gkajtelpgjky hout ~oteopplkp `‗çqlhuot hl yjhqldghgpç `oy `çdgpouty+ Ho toijuty î h‗laaliputlmo ~oteop lgkyg `o yçhoipgjkkot  yl ihgokpâho+ Hoy yjigçpç yjigçpçyy `‗laali `‗laaliputl putlmo mo ~tj~jyok ~tj~jyokp(p( ok ije~hçe ije~hçeokp( okp( `oy yotqgioy yotqgioy `‗lyyutl `‗lyyutlkio%i kio%itç`g tç`gpp  ~oteopplkp `o tçiu~çtot fuy|u‗î <>> / `u ejkplkp `o hl itçlkio ok ily `‗ge~lwç+

Ajkipgjkkoeokp `u yibçel `-laaliputlmo yge~hgagç <% Hgq Hgqtl tlgyj gyjkk 9% Qgt Qgtoeo oeokp kp yj yjuy uy 02B 4% Al Alipu iputl tlpgj pgjkk

0% ^lgo ^lgoeokp eokp î h-çibçlki h-çibçlkioo

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L |ug y‗l`toyyo h‗laaliputlmo : H‗laaliputlmo H‗laaliputlmo y-l`toyyo î pjupoy hoy yjigçpçy yjigçpçy |ug tçlhgyokp lu ejgky C₨`o ibgaato `‗laalgtoy `‗laalgtoy lqoi lqoi uko ihgo ihgokpâ kpâho ho `‗okpt `‗okpto~t o~tgyo gyo(( |uohy |uohy |uo yjgok yjgokpp hout hout yoipo yoipout ut `-lip `-lipgqg gqgpç pç op hout hout plghh plghho+ o+ H‗laaliputlmo ijkiotko `jki luyyg dgok hoy ~opgpoy okpto~tgyoy ok ~blyo `o `çelttlmo |uo hoy mtlk`oy+ Ioy `otkgâtoy ibjgygyyokp `o ~huy ok ~huy yjuqokp `‗orpotklhgyot ~ltpgohhoeokp ju pjpl pjplhoe hoeokp okp hl moypg moypgjk jk `o houty houty ije~p ije~poy oy ihgok ihgokpy+ py+ Hoy Hoy okpto~ okpto~tgy tgyoy oy or~jt or~jtpl plptg ptgioy ioy ~ouqok ~ouqokpp çmlhoeokp çmlhoeokp jdpokgt ho agklkioeokp agklkioeokp `o houty itçlkioy op dçkçagigot `o pjuy hoy yotqgioy `u alipjt  yut hout ihgokpâho gkpotklpgjklho "mltlkpgo( tohlkio( toijuqtoeokp'+ Ioy yotqgioy yjkp `-luplkp   ~huy ~huy l~~tçigl l~~tçigldhoy dhoy |u-ghy |u-ghy ~oteoppo ~oteoppokp kp î h-okpto~ h-okpto~tgyo tgyo `o mçtot mçtot ~huy alighoe alighoeokp okp hoy `gqotygp `gqotygpçy çy mçjmtl~bg|uoy( hgkmugypg|uoy op futg`g|uoy+

9+

\ulk` hoy okpto~tgyoy toijutokp î h‗laaliputlmo: Hoy okpto~tgyoy ~ouqokp lqjgt doyjgk `o h-laaliputlmo pjup lu hjkm `o houty orgypokioy 6  

 

0+

Ok ~blyo `o `çelttlmo( ho agklkioeokp `oy itçlkioy ~lt uk Alipjt ~oup ~lhhgot uko Gkyuaagylkio `o ptçyjtotgo ju `o itç`gp dlkilgto+ Ok ~blyo ~blyo `o elputg elputgpç pç(( hjty| hjty|uo uo h-okp h-okpto~ to~tgy tgyoo ijkpg ijkpgkuo kuo `o `çqoh `çqohj~~ j~~ot ot yjk yjk ibgaa ibgaato to `-laalgtoy( Gh l `o euhpg~hoy tlgyjky `o y-l`toyyot î uk Alipjt 6 ~jut yo ~tçeukgt ijkpto hl `çalghhlkio `o yoy ihgokpy( ~jut yo hgdçtot `oy päiboy l`egkgyptlpgqoy ju okijto ~jut  agklkiot yl itjgyylkio+ Hjty|uo h-okpto~tgyo y-juqto î h-or~jtp( op ptjuqo lu~tây `o yjk Alipjt hl yptuiputo gk`gy~okyldho ~jut h-liije~lmkot `lky yjk or~lkygjk gkpotklpgjklho+ Op eæeo |ulk` h-okpto~tgyo yo ptjuqo lqoi uko ptçyjtotgo ~huy hçyço( ho Alipjt toypo uk ejwok oaagilio ~jut yo ~tjpçmot `u tgy|uo ihgokp+

Hl ih ihlyygagilpgjk `o `oy j~ j~çtlpgjky `‗ `‗laaliputlmo laaliputlmo ptl`gpgjkkoh ju jh` hgko alipjtgkm Gh ije~jtpo 9 ej`lhgpçy 6 

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h-laaliputlmo l~~jtpo î h-l`bçtokp uk yotqgio `o Moypgjk ijeeotiglho `o yoy itçlkioy ilt ho alipjt hoy mâto ~jut hug "oktomgyptoeokp `oy aliputoy( tohlkio `çdgpouty ok ily `o toplt` `o ~lgoeokp( lyyuto hoy okilgyyoeokpy( yotqgio ijkpokpgour ok ily `o kjk ~lgoeokp+ h-laaliputlmo oyp uko poibkg|uo `o agklkioeokp î IP ilt ho alipjt libâpo hoy itçlkioy lqlkp h-çibçlkio ~tçquo+ Ho Alipjt lyyuto hl djkko agk `o h-j~çtlpgjk io |ug ygmkgago |uo ho tgy|uo ~âyo yut ho alipjt ok ily `o kjk ~lgoeokp `u `çdgpout( op ~ly yut h-l`bçtokp+

Laaliputlmo ijkpoe~jtlgk ju hoy kjuqohhoy poibkg|uoy ` laaliputlmo ju ko} hgko alipjtgkm

Ho elputgpw alipjtgkm  ~oteop `o `çhçmuot lu alipjt hl moypgjk `u ~jypo ihgokpy op hl mltlkpgo `oy itçlkioy( elgy ylky ho agklkioeokp+ Ok algp h‗okpto~tgyo ibltmo ho alipjt `u yugqg( `o h‗okilgyyoeokp op `u toijuqtoeokp `oy aliputoy gkihulkp hl mltlkpgo `oy itçlkioy ok ily `‗ge~lwçy+ h‗lmokiw alipjtgkm  ~oteop `o agklkiot `oy itçlkioy ylky `çhçmuot lu alipjt hl moypgjk `oy aliputoy i‗oyp î `gto ho yugqg( h‗okilgyyoeokp op ho toijuqtoeokp `oy itçlkioy+ ho alipjtgkm }gpb toijutyo "ju toijutyo alipjtgkm ' ~oteop `o agklkiot `oy aliputoy ylky mltlk mltlkpg pgo( o( i‗oyp i‗oyp î `gto `gto `oy `oy itçlk itçlkioy ioy ylky ylky lyyutl lyyutlkio kio itç`gp itç`gp `jkkço `jkkço ~lt ho alip alipjt+ jt+ 1

H‗okpto~tgyo toeop ok laaliputlmo `oy itçlkioy yut yoy ihgokpy |uo ho alipjt hug agklkio elgy ok ily `o kjk ~lgoeokp î h‗çibçlkio ho alipjt yo topjutko qoty h‗okpto~tgyo ~jut yo algto toedjutyot yjk agklkioeokp+ ?+

Hoy `gaaçtokpoy yjhupgjky `‗laaliputlmo 

H‗laaliputlmo H‗laalip utlmo ge~jtp

H‗laaliputlmo H‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp oyp uko poibkg|uo `jkp hl agklhgpç oyp ho agklkioeokp agklkioeokp `o ptlkylipgjk î h-gkpotklpgjklh+ Gh jaato hl ~jyygdghgpç î h-ge~jtplpout `-oaaoipuot yjk j~çtlpgjk `-ge~jtp ylky agklkioeokpy dlkilgtoy+ H‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp ~oteop ho tâmhoeokp î h-or~jtplpout ylky |uo iohug lgp î lppok`to h‗çibçlkio `o hl hoppto `o itç`gp+ H-laaliputlmo ge~jtp oyp çmlhoeokp uko poibkg|uo |ug ~oteop `o mltlkpgt hoy djkkoy tohlpgjky okpto uko yjigçpç ge~jtplptgio "`gyptgdupout' uk or~jtplpout op uk uk ihgokp agklh+ @lky io ily `o agmuto hl yjigçpç `-laaliputlmo yotp ` gkpoteç`glgto `lky ioppo j~çtlpgjk `-ge~jtp or~jtp+ H-laaliputlmo ge~jtp oyp `jki `oypgkç lur okpto~tgyoy ge~jtplptgioy( lur `gyptgdupouty( lur lmokp lur mtjyygypoy+ Gh ~oteop ho agklkioeokp `-j~çtlpgjk `-ge~jtp op `-or~jtp+ Pjuy hoy  ~tj`ugpy op eltiblk`gyoy ko ~ouqokp æpto çhgmgdhoy î h-laaliputlmo ge~jtp+

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H laaliputlmo or~jtp

H‗laaliputlmo or~jtp ~oteop `o agklkiot yjuy 02 boutoy hoy aliputoy çegyoy yut qjy ihgokpy or~jtp+ H‗laaliputlmo or~jtp ~oteop `o mltlkpgt hoy itçlkioy or~jtp ijkpto uk çqokpuoh tgy|uo `‗ge~lwç `‗uk ihgokp+ H‗laaliputlmo or~jtp ~oteop `o `çhçmuot hl moypgjk `o qjpto ~jypo ihgo ihgokp kpyy or~j or~jtp tp lqoi lqoi uk yugq yugqgg ~lt ~lt ~lwy ~lwy(( ~lt ~lt ihgo ihgokp kp op ~lt ~lt alip aliput utoo lqoi lqoi hl moyp moypgj gjkk `oy `oy okilgyyoeokpy okilgyyoeokpy op ho toijuqtoeokp `oy itçlkioy or~jtp+ 

Laaliputlmo Laaliputl mo ajutkgyyout 

H‗laa H‗laali liput putlmo lmo ajutkg ajutkgyy yyout out ~oteo ~oteopp î qjp qjpto to ajutkg ajutkgyyo yyout ut `‗æpto `‗æpto ~lwç ~lwç yjuy yjuy 02 boutoy boutoy l~tây l~tây h‗çegyygjk `o yoy aliputoy+ H‗laaliputlmo ajutkgyyout ~oteop lu ihgokp libopout `o ~lwot yjk ajutkgyyout î çibçlkio `o 9> î <4> fjuty+ Ioy poibkg|uoy `‗laaliputlmo ajutkgyyout yjkp  ~ltpgiuhgâtoeokp l`l~pçoy lu agklkioeokp `oy iokptlhoy `‗liblp `oy mtlk`oy op ejwokkoy yutalioy "MEY'( lur iokptlhoy `‗liblp `oy iblëkoy `o elmlygky( lur yotqgioy liblp `oy mtju~oy gk`uyptgohy( lgkyg |u‗lur yotqgioy libopouty `oy ^EO%^EG Laaliputlmo ijkag`okpgoh Poibkg|uo Poibkg|uo agklkigâto |ug ~oteop î uko okpto~tgyo `o algto agklkiot yoy aliputoy( çegyoy yut yoy ihgokpy( ihgokpy( ylky |uo iour%ig ylibokp |uohho ptlqlghho lqoi uko yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo+ H‗laaliputlmo H‗laaliputlmo ijkag`okpgoh ~oteop `o toeoppto î uk alipjt `oy itçlkioy kjk kjpgagçoy( i‗oyp î `gto ylky hl eokpgjk yudtjmlpgqo |ug gk`g|uo |uo ioppo itçlkio l çpç iç`ço î uko yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo+ Ioppo poibkg|uo `‗laaliputlmo ijkag`okpgoh oyp ptây upgho ~jut hoy okpto~tgyoy |ug ko yjublgpokp  ~ly |uo houty ihgokpy tâmhokp `gtoipoeokp uko yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo op |ug qouhokp mlt`ot ok gkpotko hl moypgjk `o hout ~jypo ihgokpy+ H‗laaliputlmo ijkag`okpgoh ~oteop luyyg `‗lqjgt `oy 

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agklkioeokpy lhjty |uo hoy ihgokpy toauyokp `o ptlqlghhot lqoi uk alipjt+ H‗laaliputlmo yoeg%ijkag`okpgoh mlt`o ho eæeo ~tgkig~o( î hl youho `gaaçtokio yugqlkpo 6 ho ihgokp oyp gkajteç |uo hl aliputo l çpç toegyo î uko yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo+ Ho ihgokp ~lwlkp pjufjuty `gtoipoeokp `gtoipoeokp yjk ajutkgyyout ylky iblkmot yjk ej`o `o tâmhoeokp ajutkgyyout+ ajutkgyyout+

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Laaliputlmo `çhâmuo

H‗laaliputlmo `çhçmuç ~oteop `‗lqjgt `u agklkioeokp pjup ok ijkyotqlkp hl pjplhgpç `o hl tohlpgjk ihgokp i-oyp%î%`gto hl aliputlpgjk( hoy okilgyyoeokpy( ho toijuqtoeokp+ H‗laaliputlmo `çhçmuç( |ug oyp çmlhoeokp l~~ohç laaliputlmo laaliputlmo kjpgagç kjk mçtç( laaliputlmo lhhçmç( laaliputlmo yoeg%ijkag`okpgoh ju bjeo yotqgio( tç~jk` lu doyjgk `oy okpto~tgyoy |ug yjublgpokp mlt`ot ok gkpotko pjupo hl moypgjk `oy aliputoy ihgokpy elgy |ug jkp doyjgk `o agklkiot houty ~jypoy ihgokpy+ 

Laaliputlmo Laaliputl mo mçtç

H‗laaliputlmo mçtç ~oteop `o `çhçmuç hl moypgjk ije~hâpo `o qjpto ~jypo ihgokpy î hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo( i-oyp%î%`gto hl moypgjk `oy okilgyyoeokpy( ho toijuqtoeokp `oy itçlkioy op hl mltlkpgo `oy aliputoy elgy ylky ho agklkioeokp+ agklkioeokp+ Ioppo poibkg|uo `‗laaliputlmo mçtç( çmlhoeokp l~~ohço elputgpw alipjtgkm( ~oteop `o yjuy%ptlgpot okpgâtoeokp hl moypgjk `o qjpto ~jypo ihgokpy+ 

Laaliputlmo `o dlhlkio

H‗laaliputlmo `o dlhlkio ~oteop `o agklkiot qjpto dlhlkio ihgokpy( iohl ylky iblkmot qjpto elkgâto `o aliputot kg ej`gagot qjpto tohlpgjk lqoi qjy ihgokpy+ Qjuy jdpokov ho agklkioeokp `o h‗okyoedho `oy aliputoy çegyoy yut qjy ihgokpy( elgy i‗oyp ho yjh`o `o hl dlhlkio |ug oyp agklkiç op kjk ibl|uo aliputo ijeeo ok laaliputlmo ihlyyg|uo+ Qjuy toeoppov ho yjh`o `o hl  dlhlkio î hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo |ug qjuy ho agklkio yjuy 02 boutoy+ Hl ioyygjk `u yjh`o ~oup yo algto tçmuhgâtoeokp( ~lt yoelgko ~lt oroe~ho+ Hl `gaaçtokio okpto h-laaliputlmo ihlyyg|uo op h‗laaliputlmo `o dlhlkio i-oyp |uo h-laaliputlmo agklkio hoy itçlkioy ihgokpy aliputo ~lt aliputo lhjty |uo h‗laaliputlmo `o dlhlkio agklkio ho yjh`o `o hl dlhlkio ihgokpy i-oyp î `gto hl yjeeo `oy aliputoy yut uko ~çtgj`o `jkkço( ~lt  yoelgko ~lt oroe~ho+ 

H‗laaliputlmo kjuqohho poibkjhjmgo

H‗laaliputlmo kjuqohho poibkjhjmgo tç~jk` î uk `judho doyjgk `oy okpto~tgyoy+ Gh tç~jk` î uk  ~toegot doyjgk `o agklkioeokp `oy okpto~tgyoy |ug ptlqlghhokp `lky ho yoipout `oy kjuqohhoy poibk poibkjhj jhjmgo mgoyy `o h‗gka h‗gkajte jtelpg lpgjk jk op `o hl ijeeuk ijeeukgi gilpg lpgjk jk "KPGI' "KPGI'++ H‗laa H‗laali liput putlmo lmo kjuqo kjuqohh hhoo poibk poibkjhj jhjmgo mgo ~oteop ~oteop `o tç~jk` tç~jk`to to î `oy doyjgk doyjgkyy `o ptçyjt ptçyjtotg otgoo op `o agklk agklkioe ioeokp okp lu|uoh lu|uoh h‗laali h‗laaliputl putlmo mo ihlyyg|u ihlyyg|uoo k‗l~~jtp k‗l~~jtpoo ~ly( ju `o elkgâto elkgâto ylpgyal ylpgyalgyl gylkpo( kpo( `o yjhupgjk yjhupgjk l`l~pço+ l`l~pço+ H‗laaliputlmo H‗laaliputlmo kjuqohho poibkjhjmgo tç~jk` î uk `ourgâeo doyjgk |ug hug y‗l`toyyo î pjupoy hoy okpto~tgyoy+ okpto~tgyoy+ Gh l~~jtpo lur okpto~tgyoy `o pjuy hoy yoipouty `‗lipgqgpçy `‗lipgqgpçy hoy kjuqohhoy kjuqohhoy poibkg|uoy `o agklkioeokp hgçoy lur `çqohj~~oeokpy `oy kjuqohhoy poibkjhjmgoy `o h‗gkajtelpgjk op `o hl ijeeukgilpgjk+

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1+

Ho ijóp `o h‗laaliputlmo Ho ijóp `‗uko ~toyplpgjk `‗laaliputlmo yo `çije~jyo oyyokpgohhoeokp ok `our pw~oy `o ijeegyygjky+ Gh y‗lmgp `o 6 ․ Hl ijeegyygjk `‗laaliputlmo( |ug tçeukâto hoy yotqgioy `o moypgjk op `o mltlkpgo `u alipjt+ Ohho Ohho ijttoy~jk ijttoy~jk`` î uk ~jutiokplmo ~jutiokplmo `u ejkplkp ejkplkp PPI `oy aliputoy aliputoy iç`çoy "okpto >(4/ op 4/'+ Yjk kgqolu `ç~ok` `‗uk iotplgk kjedto `o alipouty 6 klputo op ge~jtplkio `oy tgy|uoy ~tgy yut  hl ihgokpâho( qjhueo `oy ge~lwçy op `oy gkig`okpy `o ~lgoeokp lu ijuty `oy `otkgoty orotigioy( `gy~otygjk mçjmtl~bg|uo `o hl ihgokpâho( `çhlg ejwok `oy itç`gpy liijt`çy( kjedto `o ihgokpy mçtçy op kjedto `o aliputoy op `‗lqjgty toegy3 Oroe~ho 6 E₨( qjy Qjpto okpto~tgyo qok` î `oy ihgokpy atlkílgy( qjpto ibgaato `‗laalgtoy oyp `‗okqgtjk <> E₨( okijuty ihgokpy qjkp `o 4 C₨ î 4> C₨ ~jut okqgtjk <>>> ihgokpy lipgay |ug qjuy tâmhokp ok ejwokko î 1> fjuty6 Ho ijóp `o h‗ laaliputlmo yotl `‗okqgtjk 9> >>> ₨ ~lt lk yjgp uko ~tgeo `o 4 ?>> ₨ ~lt ejgy `o ijeegyygjk `‗laaliputlmo `‗ laaliputlmo++ Ilhiuh dlyç yut uk plur `o >+9 / l~~hg|uç lu ibgaato `‗laalgtoy( yjgp <> E₨ euhpg~hgçy ~lt >+9 ~lt  >+9 / `jkko 9> >>> ₨+ ․ Hl ijeegyygjk ijeegyygjk `o agklkioeokp agklkioeokp "~ltajgy luyyg l~~ohço £ ijeegyygjk ijeegyygjk `‗lkpgig~lpgjk ³' 6I‗oyp ho plur `‗gkpçtæp |ug yotl l~~hg|uç yut ho agklkioeokp `oy aliputoy+ Oroe~ho 6 Yg hoy ihgokpy ~lwokp î 1> fjuty op |uo ho plur `‗gkpçtæp oyp `o 1/ ~lt lk( io ‒‗~tæp‗‗ yut 1> fjuty ijópotl `jki
Gh y-lmgp `o dgok iotkot hoy doyjgky `o h-okpto~tgyo+ Yg h-okpto~tgyo toibotibo orihuygqoeokp hl  ~tçqokpgjk `oy tgy|uoy op hl mltlkpgo ijkpto hoy ge~lwçy( h-lyyutlkio% itç`gp oyp yuaagylkpo+ Yg h-okpto~tgyo lppok` `o yjk ~toyplplgto uko jaato `o yotqgioy ~huy hltmo( h‗laaliputlmo oyp ~huy l`l~pç+ H‗okpto~tgyo ~juttl æpto mltlkpgo î <>>/ `u ygkgypto( ylky yu~~jtpot ho `çilhlmo ok ptçyjt ptçyjtotg otgoo ijkypl ijkyplpç pç ok lyyut lyyutlki lkio%i o%itç` tç`gp gp++ Ok jup jupto( to( ho alipj alipjtt ~tj~jy ~tj~jyoo uko orpotk orpotklh lhgyl gylpg pgjk jk ije~hâpo `o hl ajkipgjk ito`gp elklmoeokp `o h‗okpto~tgyo( ~ugy|u‗lu%`ohî `o hout mltlkpgo( gh  ~tok` ok ibltmo hl pjplhgpç `o hl moypgjk `oy ygkgyptoy+ @lky ho il`to `‗uk ijkptlp `‗lyyutlkio% itç`gp( h‗okpto~tgyo ijkyotqo( ok ~ltpokltglp lqoi yjk lyyutout( hl ibltmo `o yjk tgy|uo ihgokpy+ Ho alipjt oyp uk ~ltpoklgto lipga ~ugy|u-gh gkpotqgokp î pjupoy hoy çpl~oy `o hl moypgjk `oy ije~poy ihgokpy+ GQ+ Ajkipgjkklhgpç `o h‗laaliputlmo

<+ Eçil Eçilkgyeo kgyeo futg`g| futg`g|uo uo `o h‗laaliput h‗laaliputlmo lmo "hl yudtjml yudtjmlpgjk pgjk ~otyjkk ~otyjkkohho ohho'' ․

`çagkgpgjk `o hl yudtjmlpgjk ~otyjkkohho 6

Hl yudtjmlpgjk ~otyjkkohho oyp hl £ ej`lhgpç ijkqokpgjkkohho ju hçmlho `o ~lwoeokp( |ug  ~oteop lu pgoty  yjhqoky `‗orotiot î yjk ~tjagp hoy `tjgpy `u itçlkigot ~lwç ~lt hug+ ³ Ioppo

7

yudtjmlpgjk yudtjmlpgjk ijkqokpgjkkohho ijkqokpgjkkohho oyp yjuegyo î `oy tâmhoy `o ajteo 6 ohho `jgp æpto or~toyyo op algpo ok eæeo poe~y |uo ho ~lwoeokp+ Hl yudtjmlpgjk oyp ho yu~~jtp `o h‗j~çtlpgjk `‗laaliputlmo+ `‗laaliputlmo+ J÷ hl itçlkio oyp ptlkyegyo î h‗laal h‗laalip iputo utout ut ~lt yudtjm yudtjmlp lpgjk gjk ijkqo ijkqokpg kpgjkk jkkoh ohho( ho( lu ejeok ejeokpp `u ~lwoe ~lwoeokp okp |u‗gh |u‗gh algp algp î h‗l`bçtokp+ Hl poib poibkg| kg|uo uo `o hl yudtj yudtjml mlpg pgjk jk y‗oyp y‗oyp ge~jyço ge~jyço `lky `lky hl ~tlpg ~tlpg|uo |uo ok tlgyjk tlgyjk `o yl yju~hoyyo op `o yl yge~hgigpç( elhmtç iotplgkoy jdfoipgjky `‗uko ~ltpgo `o hl `jiptgko yut hl |ulhgag |ulhgagilpg ilpgjk jk futg`g|u futg`g|uoo `u ptlkyaot ptlkyaotpp `o itçlkio itçlkioyy `lky h‗j~çtlp h‗j~çtlpgjk gjk `‗laali `‗laaliputl putlmo mo ( ju yut  h‗orgmokio `o ijkijegplkio `o hl yudtjmlpgjk  ~lt tl~~jtp lu ~lwoeokp + ․

H‗l~~hgilpgjk `o hl yudtjmlpgjk ~otyjkkohho 6

Ho ptlkyaotp `o hl itçlkio ~lt yudtjmlpgjk ijkqokpgjkkohho yo alup ~lt hl toegyo ~lt  h‗l`bçtokp( h‗l`bçtokp( ok eæeo poe~y |uo hoy aliputoy( `‗uko |ugpplkio yudtjmlpgqo+ H‗laaliputout H‗laaliputout gkyitgp lu eæeo ejeokp ho ejkplkp `o hl itçlkio lu itç`gp `o h‗l`bçtokp( ioppo gkyitg~pgjk qlhlkp  ~lwoeokp+ Hl yudtjmlpgjk oyp j~~jyldho lur pgoty( op kjpleeokp lu `çdgpout iç`ç( ylky `‗luptoy ajtelhgpçy( kjpleeokp iohhoy `o kjpgagilpgjk ~lt bugyygot ju liio~plpgjk `u iç`ç ~lt lipo lupbokpg|uo+ Iohl hug ijkaâto uk lqlkplmo oyyokpgoh ~lt tl~~jtp î `‗luptoy ej`oy `o ptlkyaotp( ijeeo hl ioyygjk `o itçlkioy+ Dgok |uo ho ptlkyaotp `o itçlkioy ~lt yudtjmlpgjk ~otyjkkohho yjgp j~~jyldho lu `çdgpout iç`ç î hl `lpo `u ~lwoeokp yudtjmlpjgto( ylky `‗lupto gkajtelpgjk( ho ~lwoeokp `o  djkko ajg algp ~lt ho `çdgpout iç`ç lu itçlkigot gkgpglh oyp hgdçtlpjgto+ ^jut yo ~tçeukgt ijkpto iohl( h‗laaliputout h‗laaliputout ql gkajteot ho `çdgpout iç`ç `u ptlkyaotp `o itçlkio( elgy ioppo kjpgagilpgjk k‗oyp yjuegyo î luiuko ajteo ’ ohho ~oup æpto algpo ~lt uko eokpgjk |uo h‗l`bçtokp eop yut hoy aliputoy |u‗gh çeop+ Hl klputo yuaagylkpo `o hl kjpgagilpgjk tohâqo `u ~juqjgt yjuqotlgk `‗l~~tçiglpgjk `oy fumoy `u ajk`+ Ho `çdgpout iç`ç gkajteç ko ~oup ~huy qlhldhoeokp yo hgdçtot  lu~tây `o yjk itçlkigot gkgpglh+ H‗l`bçtokp ko ~oup ~huy lmgt yut hl itçlkio uko ajgy ptlkyaçtço î h‗laaliputout( ylky ho ijkyokpoeokp `o io `otkgot+ Gh ko ~oup ~ly hl tç`ugto ju tokjkiot î hl tçihleot( iohl yotlgp gkj~~jyldho î h‗laaliputout( `çyjtelgy youh pgpuhlgto `o hl itçlkio+ Ho ptlkya ptlkyaotp otp `o hl itçlki itçlkioo ~lt yudtj yudtjmlp mlpgj gjkk î h‗laa h‗laalip liputo utout ut ioyyg ioyygjkk jkklg lgto to hug algp algp  dçkçagigot `oy `tjgpy `u iç`lkp( ~lt oroe~ho iotplgkoy yótopçy ijeeo hl ihluyo `o tçyotqo `o  ~tj~tgçpç+ 4+ Ho igtiu igtiugp gp `‗uko `‗uko aliput aliputoo ok laali laaliput putlmo lmo 6 @lky ho il`to `u ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo hl aliputo `o h‗okpto~tgyo ql yugqto uk igtiugp `çpotegkç ok ajkipgjk `oy çpl~oy hgçoy lu ajkipgjkkoeokp `u ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo+ Hoy = çpl~oy `u igtiugp `o hl aliputo ok laaliputlmo6 Opl~oy tçlhgyçoy ~lt h‗okpto~tgyo 6

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Çpl~o < 6 ç`gpgjk `o hl aliputo( Ho ajutkgyyout oaaoipuo uko hgqtlgyjk ju uko  ~toyplpgjk `o yotqgio+ gh aliputo yjk ihgokp lqoi hl eokpgjk yudtjmlpgqo yut hl aliputo |ug gk`g|uo |uo hl aliputo l çpç iç`ço î hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo 3  Çpl~o 4 6 toegyo `o hl aliputo lu alipjt( Gh okqjgo î hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo uk oroe~hlgto `o hl aliputo lqoi ho ily çibçlkp uk fuypgagilpga gk`g|ulkp |uo hl hgqtlgyjk ju hl ~toyplpgjk `o yotqgio l çpç oaaoipuço+ Opl~oy tçlhgyçoy ~lt hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo 6 

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Çpl~o 9 6 agklkioeokp `o hl aliputo( Hl yjigçpç yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo toíjgp hl aliputo op hl agklkio yjuy 02 boutoy î blupout `o 7>/ `u ejkplkp PPI( ~lt qgtoeokp( ibâ|uo ju dghhop î jt`to 3 Çpl~o 0 6 tohlkio î h‗çibçlkio( Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo tohlkio ho ihgokp î h‗çibçlkio ~jut hug ~tçigyot |uo hl aliputo `jgp hug æpto tçmhço `gtoipoeokp 3 Çpl~o Çpl~o ? 6 okilg okilgyyo yyoeo eokp kp `u ~lgoe ~lgoeokp okp(( Hl yjigç yjigçpç pç `‗laa `‗laalip liputl utlmo mo okilgy okilgyyo yo ho  ~lgoeokp `u ihgokp 3 Çpl~o 1 6 tçptjioyygjk `u yjh`o `o hl aliputo( Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo `‗laaliputlmo tçptjiâ`o lu ajutkgyyout hoy <>/ kjk agklkiç 3 Çpl~o = 6 toijuqtoeokp `o hl aliputo( Yg ho ihgokp ko tâmho ~ly hl aliputo î h‗çibç h‗çibçlk lkio( io( hl alipu aliputo to oyp eg egyo yo ok toiju toijuqto qtoeok eokpp legldh legldhoo ~ug ~ugyy okyug okyugpo po ok toijuqtoeokp ijkpokpgour+

 KD 6 ^jyygdghgpç `o algto `o hl ptlkyegyygjk çhoiptjkg|uo `o aliputo( `lky io ily ho agklkioeokp yo algp yjuy 40 boutoy+ Lqoi hl ptlkyegyygjk çhoiptjkg|uo `o aliputo ho ajutkgyyout çqgpo `o ptlkyeoppto hoy aliputoy op hoy fuypgagilpgay ~l~goty `oy itçlkioy î agklkiot+

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Yibçel `-Laaliputlmo `-Laaliputlmo

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Tâmhoeokp `o hl itçlkio î h-çibçlkio Toijuqtoeokp itçlkio

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9+ Hoy tohlpgjky okpto hoy 9 lipouty 6

l' Hoy jdhgmlpgjky `o h‗l`bçtokp op hoy mltlkpgoy `o h‗laaliputout 

Hoy jdhgmlpgjky `o h‗l`bçtokp okqoty h‗laaliputout  

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h‗l`bçtokp iâ`o î h‗laaliputout h‗okyoedho `o yoy itçlkioy+ Gh y‗lmgp `‗çqgpot |uo h‗l`bçtokp ko iâ`o î h‗laaliputout  |uo hoy £ eluqlgyo ³ itçlkioy( iohhoy `gaagighoy î toijuqtgt( op yo ibltmo hug%eæeo `o toijuqtgt hoy djkkoy( ok algylkp h‗çijkjego `o hl ijeegyygjk `‗laaliputlmo+ Elgy gh ~oup æpto leçklmç( ok qgylkp ~lt  oroe~ho youhoeokp iotplgky pw~oy `o ihgokpy ju uko iotplgko ygpulpgjk mçjmtl~bg|uo mçjmtl~bg|uo 3   Ho ~tgkig~o ~tgkig~o mçkçtlh mçkçtlh `o hjwlupç hjwlupç 6 H‗l`bçtokp l uko jdhgmlpg jdhgmlpgjk jk `o tokyogmkoeokp  `o h‗laaliputout ijkiotklkp hoy gkig`okpy |u‗gh ~oup lqjgt lqjgt lqoi lqoi yoy ihgok ihgokpy py 3 gh ijj~â ijj~âto to lqoi lqoi h‗laa h‗laalip liputo utout ut ok quo quo `u toijuqtoeokp `oy itçlkioy+ yohjk ho|uoh ho|uoh h‗laalip h‗laaliputou utoutt `jgp liio~po liio~pott hoy ho ~tgkig~o `‗ukgigpç `‗ukgigpç 6 yohjk itçlkioy `‗uk `çdgpout |u‗gh l ~tçlhldhoeokp l~~tjuqç+ Gh oyp l~~ltu  ~jut `çejkptot hl hgegpo `‗leçklmoeokp ijkqokpgjkkoh 3 H‗laaliputout ~oup toauyot `o toijuqtgt iotplgkoy itçlkioy( gh l uk  ~juqjgt `o yçhoipgjk ju `‗l~~tjdlpgjk ( `jkp h‗çpok`uo oyp ~tçigyço `lky `lky ho ijkp ijkptl tlpp il`t il`too `‗la `‗laal alip iput utlm lmo+ o+ Ok ~tlp ~tlpg| g|uo uo(( gh ijky ijkyok okpp î h‗l`bçtokp uk ejkplkp `o itç`gp `lky hl hgegpo `u|uoh gh ko ~oup toauyot hoy itçlkioy 3 H‗l` H‗l`bç bçto tokp kp `jgp `jgp yo yjue yjueop oppt ptoo î ioy ioy ijkp ijkptð tðho hoyy 6 H‗la H‗laal alip iput utou outt l çmlhoeokp ho `tjgp `o ijkptðhot  yjk l`bçtokp( kjpleeokp `lky hoy aliputoy op hoy çitgputoy( ~jut y‗lyyutot `u djk toijuqtoeokp `oy itçlkioy "~jut y‗lyyutot `o hl ygkiçtgpç op `o h‗orlipgpu`o `oy ~gâioy ajutkgoy ~lt h‗l`bçtokp op yo ~tçeukgt ijkpto hl ioyygjk `o itçlkioy gkorgyplkpoy' 3   ^tgkig~o `o mhjdlhgpç 6

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H‗l`bçtokp l h‗jdhgmlpgjk h‗jdhgmlpgjk `o tçeukçtot  h‗laaliputout+ H‗laaliputout   ~otioqtl yl ijeegyygjk ~tj~jtpgjkkohhoeokp lu qjhueo `‗laalgtoy ptlgpçoy( op ok ajkipgjk `oy yotqgioy |u‗gh ajutkgp op `oy tgy|uoy |u‗gh lyyueo+ Y‗gh ko ~tok` ok ibltmo |uo hl moypgjk `oy ije~poy op ho toijuqtoeokp `oy itçlkioy( io yotl uko ijeegyygjk `‗laaliputlmo  yge~ho ( ilhiuhço yut uk ~jutiokplmo `oy ibgaatoy `‗laalgtoy ejdghgyç "<+?/ î 4+?/'+ Y‗gh ~tok` ok ibltmo ho agklkioeokp `oy itçlkioy( ok toed toedju juty tylk lkpp î h‗l` h‗l`bç bçto tokp kp ho ej ejkp kplk lkpp `o hl itçl itçlki kioo lqlk lqlkpp yjk yjk çibç çibçlk lkio io(( gh ~oti ~otioq oqtl tl uko uko ijee ijeegy gyyg ygjk jk `o agkl agklki kioe oeok okpp ju `‗lkpgig~lpgjk ( |ug ijttoy~jk` lu itç`gp+

Hoy mltlkpgoy `o h‗laaliputout op ho toijuty ijkpto h‗l`bçtokp 

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h‗laaliputout h‗laaliputout yu~~jtpo ho tgy|uo `‗gkyjhqldghgpç `‗gkyjhqldghgpç `u ihgokp `o h‗l`bçtokp( lqoi h‗orio~pgjk h‗orio~pgjk `u ~lwoeokp ~lwoeokp `o itçlkioy gkorgyplkpoy ju agipgqoy ( j÷ y‗l~~hg|uokp hoy tâmhoy `o hl tç~çpgpgjk `o h‗gk`u + Io k‗oyp ~ly uk toijuty ijkpto h‗l`bçtokp( hl tç~çpgpgjk yo algp ~lt  ijkpto%~lyylpgjk ok ije~po ijutlkp  3  Ho ajk`y `o mltlkpgo 6 h‗laaliputout topgokp bldgpuohhoeokp <>/ `u ejkplkp `o hl itçlkio( ok ily `o tâmhoeokp lkpgig~ç "agklkioeokp'(  ~jut yo ~tçeukgt ijkpto h‗çqokpuohho gkyjhqldghgpç `u `çdgpout iç`ç+ Gh toypgpuotl ì hl agk `u ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo ho yjh`o `o io ajk`y `o mltl mltlkp kpgo go(( l~tâ l~tâyy lqjg lqjgtt `ç`u `ç`ugp gp hoy hoy ~otp ~otpoy oy `uoy `uoy lur lur itçl itçlki kioy oy kjk kjk toijuqtçoy 3 H‗laaliputout ~oup toijutgt lu ilupgjkkoeokp ( ok ~tçqjwlkp `lky ho ijkptl ijkptlpp il`to il`to `‗laal `‗laalip iputl utlmo mo |uo h‗l`b h‗l`bçto çtokp kp yo ~jtpo ~jtpo ilupg ilupgjk jk `oy `oy `çdgp `çdgpout outyy iç`çy( iç`çy( yutpj yutpjup up y‗gh y‗gh l `ç~lyy `ç~lyyoo ho ej ejkpl kplkp kp `o h‗okij h‗okijuty uty l~~tjuqç ~lt h‗laaliputout 3  Ho toijuty ijkqokpgjkkoh 6 ho ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo ~oup ~tçqjgt io toijuty ijkpto h‗l`bçtokp  h‗l`bçtokp  `lky ho ily `‗laaliputlmo ylky mltlkpgo( ju £ alipjtgkm }gpb toijutyo ³ + Gh y‗lmgp `‗uk qçtgpldho qçtgpldho toijuty futg`g|uo + @lky ho ily j÷ ho `çdgpout iç`ç oyp gkyjhqldho( h‗laaliputout ql yo topjutkot ijkpto h‗l`bçtokp op hug `oelk`ot ho ~lwoeokp `o hl itçlkio+ Hl ijkypgpupgjk ijkypgpupgjk `‗uk ajk`y `o mltlkpgo ko ~tgqo ~ly h‗laaliputout `o io toijuty( |ug oyp `‗lghhouty ~huy oaagilio |uo hl ijkypgpupgjk `u ajk`y+

 d' Hl tohlpgjk laaliputout ’ ihgokp 

Ho `t `tjg jgpp `o h‗ h‗la laal alip iput utou outt `o to toij ijuq uqtg tgtt ho hoyy it itçl çlki kioy oy l~ l~~t ~tju juqç qçoy oy op kj kjkk l~~tjuqçoy

_ko ajgy hl yudtjmlpgjk gkpotqokuo 6  

ho `çdgpout iç`ç oyp poku î pgpto ~tgkig~lh î h‗çmlt` `o h‗laaliputout 3 gh ko ~oup ~huy yo hgdçtot `o djkko ajg lu~tây `o yjk itçlkigot jtgmgklgto 3

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gh ko ~oup ~ly yo ~tçqlhjgt `‗uk çqokpuoh toijuty `jkp `gy~jyo h‗laaliputout ijkpto yjk l`bçtokp( ilt io toijuty oyp £ uko jdhgmlpgjk yudyg`glgto `o mltlkpgo op ko ~oup lqjgt   ~jut oaaop `‗çpogk`to h‗jdhgmlpgjk ~tgkig~lho `jkp gh oyp h‗liioyyjgto ³+ Hl yudtjmlpgjk ptlkyaâto î h‗laaliputout 6 

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hl itçlkio lqoi pjuy hoy `tjgpy( lipgjky op ~tgqghâmoy |ug w yjkp lpplibçy 3 ho `tjgp `‗liijt`ot `oy toegyoy op `oy `çhlgy lu `çdgpout+

Yg ho `çdgpout iç`ç oyp egy ok to`toyyoeokp fu`giglgto( h‗laaliputout `jgp `çihltot yl itçlkio+ H‗laaliputout oyp hgdto `o toauyot yjk l~~tjdlpgjk ~jut iotplgkoy itçlkioy+ I‗oyp uk ~juqjgt  `gyitçpgjkklgto elgy `jkp hoy laaliputouty uyokp tltoeokp+ H‗laaliputout ko ~oup topgtot yjk l~~tjdlpgjk l~tây ho ~lwoeokp oaaoipuç ~lt h‗l`bçtokp( io yotlgp £ çpogk`to tçptjlipgqoeokp  yjk okmlmoeokp ³+ Gh ko tâmho ~ly ho ejkplkp `o ioy itçlkioy î h‗l`bçtokp op ko ijuqto ~ly ho tgy|uo `‗gkyjhqldghgpç( elgy gh ~oup |ulk` eæeo yo ibltmot `o hout toijuqtoeokp+ Gh lmgtl `lky io ily ok plkp |uo elk`lplgto `o h‗l`bçtokp+

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Hoy orio~pgjky op j~~jygpgjky `jkp dçkçagigo ho ihgokp

^lt hoy oaaopy `o hl yudtjmlpgjk 6   

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H‗laaliputout H‗laaliputout lutl okqoty ho `çdgpout iç`ç hoy eæeoy `tjgpy |u‗lqlgp h‗l`bçtokp 3 Ho `çdgpout iç`ç ko ~juttl j~~jyot î h‗laaliputout |uo hoy orio~pgjky |u‗gh lutlgp ~u j~~jyot lu itçlkigot gkgpglh 3 Ho `çdgpout iç`ç ~oup j~~jyot î h‗laaliputout hoy orio~pgjky gkbçtokpoy î hl `oppo+ Iohl ijki ijkiot otko ko hl kuhh kuhhgp gpçç ju hl tçyj tçyjhu hupg pgjk jk `u ijkp ijkptl tlpp okpt okptoo h‗l` h‗l`bç bçto tokp kp op yjk yjk ihgo ihgokp kp(( h‗gkorçiupgjk ju h‗orçiupgjk `çaoipuouyo `u ijkptlp ~lt h‗l`bçtokp+ Hoy orio~pgjky orpçtgoutoy î hl `oppo 6  Kçoy lqlkp hl yudtjmlpgjk 6 ohhoy ~lyyokp ~lt iohho%ig î h‗laaliputout+ Ioy orio~pgjky yjkp iohhoy |ug pgokkokp î hl hgdçtlpgjk `o h‗l`bçtokp % itçlkigot ~lt yjk `çdgpout( ho auput iç`ç( ~lt ~lwoeokp( ije~okylpgjk bjty ijkkorgpç( toegyo `o `oppo+++  Kçoy l~tây hl yudtjmlpgjk 6 io k‗oyp ~huy |uo ho kjuqolu itçlkigot( h‗laaliputout( |ug  ~oup hgdçtot ho `çdgpout iç`ç+ Ho `çdgpout iç`ç ko ~oup ~ly gkqj|uot hl ije~okylpgjk `ây |u‗ohho gkpotqgokp l~tây hl yudtjmlpgjk eæeo yg i‗oyp lqlkp |u‗gh k‗ok yjgp gkajteç( î ejgky |u‗gh ko y‗lmgyyo `o itçlkioy ijkkoroy+

Bjtegy ho toy~oip `u   ~tgkig~o mçkçtlh `o hjwlupç ( ho `çdgpout iç`ç k‗l ~ly `‗jdhgmlpgjk `‗gkajtelpgjk `‗gkajtelpgjk okqoty h‗laaliputout+ Gh k‗l ~ly î h‗gkajteot |u‗gh l `çfî oaaoipuç ho ~lwoeokp lu itçlkigot yudtjmolkp( lqlkp `‗lqjgt ijkklgyylkio `o hl yudtjmlpgjk op gh k‗l ~ly î h‗lqotpgt `o yl egyo ok to`toyyoeokp fu`giglgto+ Q+ Lqlkplmoy op gkijkqçkgokpy

<+ Lqlkplmoy

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Hoy okpto~tgyoy |ug upghgyokp h‗laaliputlmo `jkkokp h-gelmo `-okpto~tgyoy toy~jkyldhoy(  ~tgqghçmglkp uko moypgjk yóto op oaagilio 3 Moypgjk l`egkgyptlpgqo( ije~pldho op futg`g|uo "ok ily `-ge~lwç' yge~hgagço+ Iotplgkoy yjigçpç `-laaliputlmo qjkp fuy|u-î jaatgt uk liiây `gtoip î houty jt`gklpouty ~jut  ijkyuhpot ho yjh`o `-uk `çdgpout( qçtgagot gkyplkplkçeokp ho ~lgoeokp `-uko aliputo( toijkypgpuot uk bgypjtg|uo `o ~lgoeokp( +++ 3 Moypgjk `o hl ptçyjtotgo ~huy oaagilio ilt eoghhout yugqg `o hl moypgjk `oy itçlkioy 3 Leçhgjtlpgjk `o hl ptçyjtotgo `o h-okpto~tgyo op `o yl moypgjk( h-liiokp çplkp egy yut hoy qokpoy op kjk yut hoy okilgyyoeokpy+ Oqlhulpgjk `oy tgy|uoy okijutuy tçlhgyç ~lt hl yjigçpç `-laaliputlmo 6 ohho ~oup `çibltmot h‗okpto~tgyo `u yjuig `o y‗gkajteot yut hoy eltibçy op yut ho yçtgour op hl yjhqldghgpç `o yoy ijijkptliplkpy+ H‗laaliputout l ~huy `o poe~y op `o ylqjgt%algto ~jut  `çqohj~~ot `oy tçyolur `‗gkajtelpgjk agldhoy( yutpjup `lky ho il`to `u ijeeotio gkpotklpgjklh( |uo hoy gk`uyptgohy( liil~ltçy ~lt `‗luptoy ~tgjtgpçy+ Jupgh `o agklkioeokp ~juqlkp ~lwot `o elkgâto lkpgig~lpgqo fuy|u-î 2? / `u ejkplkp `oy aliputoy 3 Ohgegklpgjk `u tgy|uo `o kjk ~lwoeokp ~lt uko ijuqotputo î <>> / `u ejkplkp `o hl aliputo "ylua ok ily `o hgpgmo ijeeotiglh okpto qok`out op libopout' 3 ^jyygdghgpç `o dçkçagigot  `-lqlkioy ok `oqgyoy( `oqgyoy ( ijuqtlkp ho tgy|uo `o iblkmo 3 Yu~~toyygjk `o h-jdhgmlpgjk `-orgmot uk itç`gp `jiueokplgto gttçqjildho ju uko toegyo `jiueokplgto(( yjuqokp `gaagigho `jiueokplgto `gaagigho î `oelk`ot `-uk ~jgkp `o quo ijeeotiglh "ptl`ugp uk elk|uo `o ijkaglkio `o hl ~ltp `o h-or~jtplpout' 3 Oqgpo î h-or~jtplpout `o yo `ç~hliot î h-çptlkmot ~jut algto qlhjgt yoy itçlkioy ge~lwçoy+ 4+ Gkijkqçkgokpy

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Ijóp tohlpgqoeokp çhoqç "|ujg|u-gh yjgp ge~jtplkp `o ho tohlpgqgyot' 3 Jdhgmlpgjk `o ~tçyokpot pjupoy hoy itçlkioy `lky ho yoipout mçjmtl~bg|uo ju çijkjeg|uo ibjgyg "eæeo ~tgkig~o |u-ok lyyutlkio%itç`gp ' 3 Hgegpç ho ~huy yjuqokp î `oy aliputoy î ijutpo çibçlkio lqoi ~tgkig~lhoeokp `oy `çdgpouty çpldhgy `lky hoy ~lwy jiig`okplur 3 @ç~otyjkklhgylpgjk `o hl tohlpgjk lqoi ho ihgokp 6 hoy `jyygoty `oy ihgokpy `o h-okpto~tgyo tç~jk`lkp lur itgpâtoy `u ~jtpoaoughho `o itçlkioy to~tgy ~lt hl yjigçpç `-laaliputlmo `-laaliputlmo yjkp ptlgpçy `o hl eæeo elkgâto op ~ouqokp qjuy oe~æibot `o ~otyjkklhgyot qjy tohlpgjky lqoi qjy ihgokpy 3 Moypgjk `u toijuqtoeokp `oy itçlkioy ju `oy toplt`y `o ~lgoeokp ~ltajgy ~huy dtuplho |uo iohho |uo h-or~jtplpout l~~hg|uotlgp ok gkpotko( io |ug ~oup ~jtpot î ijkyç|uokioy yut hoy djkkoy tohlpgjky ijeeotiglhoy okpto h-or~jtplpout op yoy ihgokpy + QG+ H‗LAALIP_TLMO GKPOTKLPGJKLH ^J_T H-GE^JTP * OR^JTP

L+ @ça @çagkg gkgpgj pgjkk `o h‗l h‗laal aalipu iputlm tlmoo H-laaliputlmo oyp uko j~çtlpgjk `o tâmhoeokp ju `o ~lgoeokp î h‗gkpotklpgjklh( uko j~çtlpgjk `-ge~jtp or~jtp+ H-laaliputlmo ~oup æpto `gqgyç ok `our mtlk`oy aleghhoy6 h-laaliputlmo ge~jtp( ge~jtp ( op h-h-laaliputlmo or~jtp D+ H‗l H‗laal aalipu iputlm tlmoo or~ or~jt jtpp
H-laaliputlmo ju alipjtgkm or~jtp oyp gig uko poibkg|uo `o ~lgoeokp ju `o tâmhoeokp( i-oyp çmlhoeokp uko poibkg|uo `o agklkioeokp( ijeeo çmlhoeokp uko lg`o lu toijuqtoeokp `o itçlkioy( ju okijto uko ijuqotputo `u tgy|uo `o iblkmo+ l'

Hoy Hoy lql lqlkp kplm lmoy oy `o h‗laal h‗laalip iput utlm lmoo or~ or~jt jtpp

H‗laaliputlmo or~jtp ~oteop `o agklkiot yjuy 02 boutoy qjy aliputoy çegyoy yut qjy ihgokpy or~jtp+ H‗laaliputlmo or~jtp ~oteop `o mltlkpgt qjy itçlkioy or~jtp ijkpto uk çqokpuoh tgy|uo ․ `‗ge~lwç `‗uk ihgokp+ H‗laaliputlmo or~jtp ~oteop `o `çhçmuot hl moypgjk `o qjpto ~jypo ihgokpy or~jtp lqoi ․ uk yugqg ~lt ~lwy( ~lt ihgokp op ~lt aliputo lqoi hl moypgjk `oy okilgyyoeokpy op ho toijuqtoeokp `oy itçlkioy or~jtp+ d' Ajki Ajkipg pgjk jkko koeo eokp kp `o `o h‗la h‗laal alip iput utlm lmoo or~j or~jtp tp ․

Yibçel `çplghhç `o h‗laaliputlmo or~jtp 

<% Ijeelk`o

1% Qgtoeokp yjuy 02B

4% Liijt` `o mltlkpgo

=% Mltlkpgo `o hl itçlkio

9% Hgqtlg tlgyjk yjk `o `o hl hl el eltibl tiblkk`gyo `gyo 2% Kjpg jpgagilpg lpgjk 0% Aliputlpgjk

7% ^lgoeokp î h‗çibçlkio

?% Ioyygjk `o hl aliputo

<>% Toijuqtoeokp `o hl itçlkio

Qjpto ihgokp or~jtp qjuy ~lyyo uko ijeelk`o+ Qjuy algpoy uko `oelk`o `o mltlkpgo yut io ihgokp lu~tây `u alipjt+ Qjuy oaaoipuov oaaoipuov hl hgqtlgyjk `o eltiblk`gyo ju hl ~toyplpgjk `o yotqgio+ Qjuy aliputov qjpto ihgokp or~jtp+ Qjuy iç`ov qjpto aliputo or~jtp î hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo |ug qjuy agklkio( ~lt qgtoeokp( yjuy 02 boutoy( 7> / `u ejkplkp `o hl aliputo+ Hl ijuqotputo `u ihgokp or~jtp mltlkpgp ho djk ~lgoeokp `o hl itçlkio+ Qjpto ihgokp or~jtp oyp kjpgagç |u‗gh `oqtl tçmhot ioppo aliputo lu~tây `o hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo+ Qjpto ihgokp or~jtp tâmho ho ejkplkp `o hl itçlkio î h‗çibçlkio î hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo |ug qjuy tçptjiâ`o hoy <> / toyplkp |ug k‗lqlgokp ~ly çpç agklkiçy+

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Ho igt igtiu iugp gp `‗uk `‗ukoo alip aliput utoo `‗la `‗laal alip iput utlm lmoo or~j or~jtp tp

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@lky ho il`to `‗uk ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo or~jtp( qjy aliputoy qjkp yugqto uk igtiugp `çpotegkç yugqlkp ~huygouty çpl~oy hgçoy lu ajkipgjkkoeokp `u ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo or~jtp+ Hoy = çpl~oy `u igtiugp `o hl aliputo ok laaliputlmo or~jtp 6  Opl~oy tçlhgyçoy ~lt h‗okpto~tgyo 6 ․

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çpl~o < 6 Qjuy oaaoipuov uko hgqtlgyjk ju uko ~toyplpgjk `o yotqgio+ Qjuy aliputov qjpto ihgokp or~jtp lqoi hl eokpgjk yudtjmlpgqo yut hl aliputo |ug gk`g|uo |uo hl aliputo l çpç iç`ço î hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo çpl~o 4 6 Qjuy okqjwov î hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo uk oroe~hlgto `o hl aliputo lqoi ho ily çibçlkp uk fuypgagilpga gk`g|ulkp |uo hl hgqtlgyjk ju hl ~toyplpgjk `o yotqgio l çpç oaaoipuço+

 Opl~oy tçlhgyçoy ~lt hl yjigçpç `-laaliputlmo 6 ․

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çpl~o 9 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo toíjgp hl aliputo op hl agklkio yjuy 02 boutoy î blupout `o 7>/ `u ejkplkp( ~lt qgtoeokp( ibâ|uo ju dghhop î jt`to+ çpl~o 0 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo toíjgp hl aliputo op hl agklkio yjuy 02 boutoy î blupout `o 7>/ `u ejkplkp( ~lt qgtoeokp( ibâ|uo ju dghhop î jt`to+ çpl~o ? 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo okilgyyo ho ~lgoeokp `u ihgokp+ çpl~o 1 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo qjuy tçptjiâ`o hoy <>/ kjk agklkiç çpl~o = 6 Yg qjpto ihgokp or~jtp ko tâmho ~ly hl aliputo î h‗çibçlkio( hl aliputo oyp egyo ok toijuqtoeokp legldho ~ugy okyugpo ok toijuqtoeokp ijkpokpgour I+ Laali Laaliputl putlmo mo ju ju alipjtg alipjtgkm km ge~jt ge~jtpp

H‗laaliputlmo H‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp oyp uko poibkg|uo `jkp hl agklhgpç oyp ho agklkioeokp agklkioeokp `o ptlkylipgjk î h-gkpotklpgjklh+ Gh jaato hl ~jyygdghgpç î h-ge~jtplpout `-oaaoipuot yjk j~çtlpgjk `-ge~jtp ylky agklkioeokpy dlkilgtoy+ H‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp ~oteop ho tâmhoeokp î h-or~jtplpout ylky |uo iohug lgp î lppok`to h‗çibçlkio `o hl hoppto `o itç`gp+ H-laaliputlmo ge~jtp oyp çmlhoeokp uko poibkg|uo |ug ~oteop `o mltlkpgt hoy djkkoy tohlpgjky okpto uko yjigçpç yjigçpç ge~jtplptgio "`gyptgdupout' "`gyptgdupout' uk or~jtplpout or~jtplpout op uk ihgokp agklh+ agklh+ @lky io ily `o agmuto hl yjigçpç `-laaliputlmo yotp ` gkpoteç`glgto `lky ioppo j~çtlpgjk `-ge~jtp or~jtp+ H-laaliputlmo ge~jtp oyp `jki `oypgkç lur okpto~tgyoy ge~jtplptgioy( lur `gyptgdupouty( lur lmokpy lur mtjyygypoy+ Gh ~oteop ho agklkioeokp `-j~çtlpgjk `-ge~jtp op `-or~jtp+ Pjuy hoy  ~tj`ugpy op eltiblk`gyoy ko ~ouqokp æpto çhgmgdhoy î h-laaliputlmo ge~jtp+ l' ․

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Hoy Hoy lql lqlkp kplm lmoy oy `o h‗la h‗laal alip iput utlm lmoo ge~ ge~jt jtpp H‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp ~oteop `o agklkiot qjy j~çtlpgjky `‗liblp op `‗ge~jtplpgjk ylky upghgyot `o ijkijuty dlkilgtoy op ylky ejdghgyot qjy hgmkoy `o agklkioeokp dlkilgtoy bldgpuohhoy+ H‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp ~oteop `o ~lwot qjy ajutkgyyouty ylky lppok`to h‗çibçlkio `o hl hoppto `o itç`gp+ H‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp qjuy ~oteop `o tomtju~ot yut uk youh ~toyplplgto hoy j~çtlpgjky `o agkl agklki kioe oeok okp( p( `o hjmg hjmgyp ypg| g|uo uo op `o `gyp `gyptg tgdu dupg pgjk jk `o qjy qjy elti eltibl blk` k`gy gyoy oy++ Lqoi Lqoi h‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp qjuy ijkptðhov `o alíjk ~huy ~tçigyo qjy l~~tjqgygjkkoeokpy+ Qjuy ~juqov du`mçpgyot ho ijóp `o qjy liblpy î h‗ge~jtplpgjk+ Qjuy ~juqov çmlhoeokp( <=

yg qjuy qjuy ho yjub yjublg lgpo pov( v( yjuy yjuy%p %ptl tlgp gpot ot okpg okpgât âtoe oeok okpp ju ~ltp ~ltpgo gohh hhoe oeok okpp h‗j~ h‗j~çt çtlp lpgj gjkk `‗ge~jtplpgjk+

d'

Ajki Ajkipgj pgjkk kkoe oeok okpp `o h‗l h‗laal aalip iput utlm lmoo ge~j ge~jtp tp

Yibçel yge~hgagç `o h‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp 

<% Ijeelk`o ihgokp

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Aliputlpgjk

4% Qo Qokpo

2%

^lgoeokp

9% Ijeelk`o ajutkgyyout

7%

Aliputlpgjk

0% Mltlkpgo ihgokp

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Tâmhoeokp

?% Mltlkpgo ajutkgyyout

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Qgtoeokp

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<2

Qjpto ihgokp or~jtp qjuy ~lyyo uko ijeelk`o+ Qjuy algpoy uko `oelk`o `o mltlkpgo yut io ihgokp lu~tây `u alipjt+ Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo çeop uko mltlkpgo `o ~lgoeokp lu~tây `u ajutkgyyout+ Qjpto ajutkgyyout `çhgqto hl eltiblk`gyo+ Hl eltiblk`gyo oyp okyugpo hgqtço lu ihgokp agklh+ Qjpto ajutkgyyout aliputo hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo |ug çeop uk tâmhoeokp lu ~tjagp `o qjpto ajutkgyyout+ Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo aliputo qjpto ihgokp agklh |ug tâmho î h‗çibçlkio ijkp ijkptl tlip ipuo uohh hho+ o+ Hl yjig yjigçp çpçç `‗la `‗laal alip iput utlm lmoo çeop çeop okyu okyugp gpoo uk tâmh tâmhoe oeok okpp ok qjpt qjptoo alqo alqout  ut  ijttoy~jk`lkp î qjpto eltmo dçkçagiglgto+ Hoy <> çpl~oy `‗uko j~çtlpgjk `-laaliputlmo ge~jtp Opl~oy tçlhgyçoy ~lt h‗okpto~tgyo h‗okpto~tgyo "ge~jtplpout( `gyptgdupout( `gyptgdupout( lmokp'6 ․ ․

çpl~o < 6 Qjuy oaaoipuov uko ~tgyo `o ijeelk`o aoteo lu~tây `o qjpto ihgokp+ çpl~o 4 6 Qjuy toeoppov î hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo uk oroe~hlgto `o hl ijeelk`o ok gk`g|ulkp hoy ijjt`jkkçoy `u ajutkgyyout 

Opl~oy tçlhgyçoy ~lt hl yjigçpç `-laaliputlmo lqoi hgqtlgyjk lu ihgokp agklh ․

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çpl~o 9 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo ~lyyo uk ijkptlp `‗liblp lqoi ho ajutkgyyout op libâpo hl eltiblk`gyo+ Ho ajutkgyyout ~oup æpto ok Atlkio ijeeo î h‗gkpotklpgjklh+ çpl~o 0 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo okhâqo op liboegko hl eltiblk`gyo l~tây lqjgt  oaaoipuç hoy ijkptðhoy `o |ulhgpç op `o ijkajtegpç çpl~o ? 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo lyyuto hl eltiblk`gyo ok ptlkygp+ çpl~o 1 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo `‗laaliputlmo okpto~jyo op mâto ho ypjic `o eltiblk`gyo+ eltiblk`gyo+ Ohho ~oup( yut `oelk`o( oaaoipuot ho toijk`gpgjkkoeokp `o hl eltiblk`gyo+ çpl~o = 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo hgqto hl eltiblk`gyo lu ihgokp agklh ijkajteçeokp lur poteoy ijeeotiglur `o hl ijeelk`o çpl~o 2 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo aliputo ho ihgokp agklh yohjk hoy çibçlkioy kçmjigçoy lu ejeokp `o hl ~tgyo `o ijeelk`o çpl~o 7 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo okilgyyo ho ~lgoeokp `u ihgokp agklh î h‗çibçlkio çpl~o <> 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo tçptjiâ`o hl eltmo dçkçagiglgto î h‗okpto~tgyo "ge~jtplpout( "ge~jtplpout( `gyptgdupout( `gyptgdupout( lmokp'+

^jyygdghgpç `o algto uko qltglkpo lu kgqolu `o h‗çpl~o = 6 Lqoi hgqtlgyjk `gtoipoeokp î h‗okpto~tgyo ge~jtplptgio( ho `gyptgdupout ju h‗lmokp+ ․

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çpl~o = 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo hgqto hl eltiblk`gyo `gtoipoeokp î h‗okpto~tgyo ge~jtplptgio ge~jtplptgio "`gyptgdup " `gyptgdupout out ju lmokp'+ çpl~o 2 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo aliputo h‗okpto~tgyo ge~jtplptgio "`gyptgdupout ju lmokp'( yohjk hoy çibçlkioy kçmjigçoy lu ejeokp `o hl ~tgyo `o ijeelk`o+ çpl~o 7 6 Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo okilgyyo ho ~lgoeokp `o h‗okpto~tgyo ge~jtplptgio "`gyptgdupout ju lmokp' î h‗çibçlkio

Lqoi ioppo ioppo ~jyygdg ~jyygdghgp hgpç( ç( h‗okpto~ h‗okpto~tgyo tgyo ge~jtplp ge~jtplptgio tgio "`gyptgdu "`gyptgdupout pout ju lmokp' lmokp' yjuyitgp yjuyitgp uk ijkptlp ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo `‗laaliputlmo ~jut agklkiot hoy aliputoy çegyoy yut hoy ihgokpy agklur+ Hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo   ~oup ~oup çmlho çmlhoeok eokpp liijt liijt`ot `ot uk `çhlg `çhlg `o ~lgoeo ~lgoeokp kp(( yugq yugqlkp lkp h‗lyy h‗lyyutl utlki kioo itç`gp itç`gp liijt` liijt`ço( ço( î h‗okpto~tgyo h‗okpto~tgyo ge~jtplptgio+ ge~jtplptgio+

<7

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Iltl Iltlip ipçt çtgy gypg| pg|uo uo `o h‗la h‗laal alip iput utlm lmoo ge~ ge~jt jtpp

H‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp y‗l`toyyo lur okpto~tgyoy ge~jtplptgioy( lur `gyptgdupouty op lur lmokpy+ H‗ge~jtplpout `jgp lqjgt uko ijeelk`o aoteo `u ihgokp agklh+ Hoy liblpy ~ouqokp æpto oaaoipuçy lu~tây `o ajutkgyyouty ~ltpjup `lky ho ejk`o+ Hoy ~tj`ugpy libopçy `jgqokp æpto `oy  ~tj`ugpy agkgy |ug ko `oelk`okp ~ly `o ptlkyajtelpgjk "`o pw~o dgok `‗ç|ug~oeokp'+ Hoy  ~tj`ugpy ~çtgyyldhoy "~lt oroe~ho atugpy op hçmueoy' ko yjkp ~ly çhgmgdhoy î h‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp lgkyg |uo hoy elpgâtoy ~toegâtoy+ Hoy ~tj`ugpy ~otyjkklhgyçy "lqoi ho kje `‗uko elt|uo `oyyuy' ko yjkp çmlhoeokp ~ly çhgmgdhoy çhgmgdhoy ilt ghy ko ~ouqokp ~ly æpto toqok`uy î uk lupto ihgokp ok ily `‗lkkuhlpgjk `o ijeelk`o+ Hoy ~tj`ugpy çhgmgdhoy î h‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp yjkp euhpg~hoy 6ejpjy( qçhjy( ejdghgot `‗gkpçtgout op `‗orpçtgout( ypwhjy( elpçtgohy `o ijkyptuipgjk( ihgelpg ihgelpgyout youty( y( fjuopy( fjuopy( çhoiptj çhoiptjeçkl eçklmoty( moty( jupg jupghy( hy( dutolupg dutolupg|uo( |uo( ç|ug~oeo ç|ug~oeokpy kpy çhoiptj çhoiptjkg|u kg|uoy oy op gkajtelpg|uoy( ajutkgputoy gk`uyptgohhoy( opi+ ‡ `'

L |ug |ug y‗l` y‗l`to toyy yyoo h‗l h‗laal aalip iput utlm lmoo ge~ ge~jt jtpp

H‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp ~oup tç~jk`to lur doyjgky `o agklkioeokp `oy okpto~tgyoy lwlkp 6 %_ko ajtpo itjgyylkio %_k iblkmoeokp `o ajutkgyyout  %_ko itçlpgjk tçiokpo ju ok itçlpgjk %_k iblkmoeokp `o vjko mçjmtl~bg|uo `‗l~~tjqgygjkkoeokp %_ko ej`gagilpgjk `o yjk jaato ~tj`ugp %_k çhltmgyyoeokp `o yl mleeo ~tj`ugp %_k iblkmoeokp `o pw~o `o ihgokpâho %_k ju `oy kjuqolur ihgokpy %_ko ajtpo ylgyjkklhgpç ylgyjkklhgpç %Hl kçioyygpç `o `jkkot `oy `çhlgy `o ~lgoeokp ihgokpy %Hl qjhjkpç `‗orpotklhgyot hl moypgjk `u ~jypo ihgokpy

o'

Ho ~jg ~jgkp kp ~ltpgi ~ltpgiuhg uhgot ot `u ijkpt ijkptlp lp `‗laal `‗laalipu iputlm tlmoo ge~j ge~jtp tp

@lky uk ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp gh alup tomlt`ot lqoi doluiju~ `‗lppokpgjk ~huygouty   ~jgkpy ~ltpgiuhgoty lagk `o dgok algto ijttoy~jk`to ho ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp op qjy  doyjgky `o agklkioeokp ge~jtp+ ․

Ho djk `o ijeelk`o 6

^jut ~juqj ^jut ~juqjgt gt agklk agklkiot iot uko uko j~çtlp j~çtlpgj gjkk `‗libl `‗liblpp lu~tâ lu~tâyy `o ajutkg ajutkgyyo yyout ut gh alup alup uk djk `o ijeelk`o aoteo `u ihgokp `oypgklplgto `o hl eltiblk`gyo+ Gh alup dgok qoghhot î io |uo ioppo ijeelk`o yjgp dgok ijkajteo( ijkajtegpç poibkg|uo op futg`g|uo( op |u‗ohho ko yotl lgkyg ~ly lkkuh lkkuhço ço ~jut ~jut `oy `oy tlgyjk tlgyjkyy hg hgpg pgmg mgouy ouyoy+ oy+ _ko ijeelk ijeelk`o `o aoteo aoteo yuaagp yuaagp ~jut ~jut `çih `çihoki okibot bot ho agklk agklkioe ioeokp okp elgy elgy gh oyp oyp ~tçaç ~tçaçtld tldho ho(( yg iohl iohl oyp oyp ~jyygd ~jyygdho ho(( `‗jdp `‗jdpokg okgtt `u ihgo ihgokp kp uk djk `o ijeelk`o aoteo op gttçqjildho+ ․

Ho ijkptðho |ulhgpç 6

4>

Gh oyp kçioyylgto `o algto uk ijkptðho |ulhgpç ptây tgmjutour lu ejeokp `o h‗or~ç`gpgjk `o hl eltiblk`gyo ~lt ho ajutkgyyout( i-oyp%î%`gto mçkçtlhoeokp hjty `u ptlkyaotp `o ~tj~tgçpç `oy  ~tj`ugpy ge~jtpçy+ Io ijkptðho |ulhgpç `jgp æpto algp ~lt `oy ~tjaoyygjkkohy `u yoipout( gh ~oup çmlh çmlhoe oeok okpp æpto æpto algp algp ~lt ~lt h‗ge h‗ge~j ~jtp tplp lpou outt hug% hug%eæ eæeo eo(( io |ug |ug ~oup ~oup `lky `lky iotp iotplg lgky ky ily ily æpto æpto toijeelk`ç+ ․

Ho ~jtplmo `oy itçlkioy ihgokpy 6

@lky ho il`to `‗uk ijkptlp `‗laaliputlmo ge~jtp hl itçlkio ijeeotiglho ~oup æpto ~jtpço ~lt ho alipjt ju kjk+ I-oyp%î%`gto |uo hl itçlkio ~oup æpto ijkyotqço ~lt hl yjigçpç `‗laaliputlmo l~tây h‗çibçlkio ijkptlipuohho `o ~lgoeokp+ Ho ~jtplmo `o hl itçlkio ~oteop `‗çqgpot |u‗ohho yjgp `çagklkiço ~ugy `çdgpço `o qjpto ije~po ibov ho alipjt ~jut okyugpo qjuy æpto toypgpuço+ Qjuy `oqov okyugpo tomlt`ot hl `utço `u ~jtplmo |ug ~oup lhhot fuy|u‗î 7> fjuty l~tây h‗çibçlkio ibov iotplgkoy yjigçpçy `‗laaliputlmo+ Lqoi Lqoi h-laa h-laalip liputl utlmo mo ge~ ge~jtp jtp qjuy qjuy çqgp çqgpov ov hoy hoy ge ge~lw ~lwçy çy ilt qjy itçlki itçlkioy oy yjkp yjkp mltlk mltlkpg pgoy oy op gk`oekgyçoy î <>>/+ Qjuy çqgpov lgkyg hoy ~tjdhâeoy `o ptçyjtotgo |ug eoppokp tçmuhgâtoeokp hoy okpto~tgyoy ok `lkmot+ @+ 0' HOY OITGP OITGP_TOY _TOY IJE^ IJE^PLDHO PLDHOYY @-LA @-LAALIP_ ALIP_TLMO TLMO Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo yjkp hoy yugqlkpoy6  Toegyo `o hl aliputo Hl toegyo `oy aliputoy okptlëkokp ho ptlkyaotp `oy ije~poy ihgokpy `o h‗okpto~tgyo `lky hoy ije~poy ihgokpy `u alipjt+

Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 0< `o h‗okpto~tgyo @çdgp `u ije~po 0< `u alipjt+ Ptlkyaotp `oy itçlkioy Ho ptlkyaotp `oy itçlkioy oyp algp ~lt yudtjmlpgjk "|ugpplkio yudtjmlpgqo'+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 0< `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt "ije~po ijutlkp' Ijeegyygjk `‗laaliputlmo Hl ijeegyygjk `‗laaliputlmo oyp ilhiuhço op ~tçhoqço î ibl|uo toegyo `o aliputoy+ Hl PQL oyp l~~hg|uço î ioppo ijeegyygjk+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 4<

Itç`gp `u ije~po ijutlkp 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 144? ijeegyygjk `‗laaliputlmo @çdgp `u ije~po PQL `ç`uipgdho  @ç`uipgjk `o tçyotqo y~çiglho Hl tçyotqo y~çiglho oyp ijkypgpuço `oy toegyoy( tgypjutkoy( lqjgty op luptoy( liijt`çy lur ihgokpy  ~lt h‗okpto~tgyo+ h‗okpto~tgyo+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 01=4 tçyotqo y~çiglho Hl tçyotqo y~çiglho oyp `çdhj|uço uko ajgy |uo ho ~lgoeokp `o hl itçlkio l çpç oaaoipuç ~lt ho ihgokp+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=4 tçyotqo y~çiglho @çdgp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt   @ç`uipgjk tçyotqo gk`gy~jkgdho Hl tçyotqo gk`gy~jkgdho oyp ijkypgpuço ~jut mltlkpgt ho alipjt ijkpto hoy `ç~lyyoeokpy `o mltlkpgo liijt`çy yut hoy aliputoy toegyoy+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 01=9 tçyotqo gk`gy~jkgdho Hl tçyotqo gk`gy~jkgdho oyp `çdhj|uço uko ajgy |uo h‗okijuty agklkiç oyp to`oyiok`u `lky hl mltlkpgo liijt`ço yut hoy aliputoy toegyoy+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=9 tçyotqo gk`gy~jkgdho @çdgp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt   Tçyotqo orio~pgjkkohho Hl tçyotqo orio~pgjkkohho orio~pgjkkohho oyp ijkypgpuço ~jut tçmhot `gtoipoeokp `oy ajutkgyyouty( `oy jtmlkgyeoy yjiglur yjiglur "_TYYLA( ‡' op ho Ptçyjt ^udhgi+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 09=0 "ju " ju 01=0' tçyotqo orio~pgjkkohho

44

Hl tçyotqo orio~pgjkkohho oyp `çdhj|uço ~lt ho ~lgoeokp `oy itçlkioy lu~tây `oy jtmlkgyeoy yjiglur op agyilur ju `oy ajutkgyyouty+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 09=0 "ju " ju 01=0' tçyotqo orio~pgjkkohho @çdgp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt   @ç`uipgjk `u ajk` `o mltlkpgo Ho ajk` `o mltlkpgo oyp ijkypgpuç `‗okqgtjk <>/ `u ejkplkp `oy aliputoy toegyoy+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 01=< ajk` `o mltlkpgo Ju Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 4=?< `ç~ðp `o mltlkpgo Ho ajk` `o mltlkpgo oyp lfuypç ok ajkipgjk `o h‗çqjhupgjk `u ejkplkp `oy aliputoy toegyoy+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=< ajk` `o mltlkpgo @çdgp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  Ju Itç`gp `u ije~po 4=?< `ç~ðp `o mltlkpgo @çdgp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  Ijeegyygjk `o agklkioeokp  Hl ijeegyygjk `o agklkioeokp oyp ilhiuhço yut h‗okijuty agklkiç+ Ohho oyp ilhiuhço ~lt lqlkio "~tçije~pço' yut h‗okijuty î agklkiot ~tçqu+ Hl PQL y‗l~~hg|uo î ioppo ijeegyygjk+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 11<1< ijeegyygjk `o agklkioeokp @çdgp `u ije~po PQL `ç`uipgdho Ju Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 112> luptoy ibltmoy agklkigâtoy @çdgp `u ije~po PQL `ç`uipgdho Ijeegyygjk yut dghhop î jt`to Hl ijeegyygjk yut dghhop î jt`to oyp ~tçhoqço ibl|uo ajgy |u‗uk dghhop î jt`to oyp çegy ok alqout `o h‗okpto~tgyo+ Hl PQL y‗l~~hg|uo î ioppo ijeegyygjk+ 49

Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 11<1< ijeegyygjk `o agklkioeokp @çdgp `u ije~po PQL `ç`uipgdho Ju Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 11<14 ijeegyygjk dghhop î jt`to @çdgp `u ije~po PQL `ç`uipgdho Agklkioeokp ~lt qgtoeokp  Ho agklkioeokp `oy aliputoy ~oup æpto algp yut ho ije~po dlkilgto `o h‗okpto~tgyo+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po ?<4 dlk|uo Agklkioeokp Agklkioeokp ~lt dghhop î jt`to Ho agklkioeokp `oy aliputoy ~oup æpto algp ~lt dghhop î jt`to+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po ?<< qlhouty î h‗okilgyyoeokp  Tçyotqo `gy~jkgdho Ho ejkplkp `oy aliputoy ~oup æpto egy ok tçyotqo `gy~jkgdho ibov ho alipjt+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 01=? tçyotqo `gy~jkgdho Hl tçyotqo `gy~jkgdho oyp `çdhj|uço yut `oelk`o `o h‗okpto~tgyo ~jut oaaoipuot `oy tâmhoeokpy+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=? tçyotqo `gy~jkgdho @çdgp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt   Hgpgmo ijeeotiglh 

40

Hoy itçlkioy hgpgmgouyoy "hgpgmo ijeeotiglh' yjkp itç`gpçoy `u ije~po ijutlkp `u alipjt+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt  @çdgp `u ije~po 01=1 tçyotqo hgpgmo _ko ajgy ho hgpgmo tçyjhu ho ije~po yotl to`çdgpç+ Oitgputo ije~pldho `‗laaliputlmo 6 Itç`gp `u ije~po 01=1 tçyotqo hgpgmo @çdgp `u ije~po 01=> `u alipjt 

QGGG+ Dghlk `o h-laaliputlmo `lky ho ejk`o

 Lufjut`-bug( yut uk ~hlk ejk`glh( ~tây `-uk eghhgot `-okpto~tgyoy ~tj~jyo `oy ~toyplpgjky `-laaliputlmo( op kjpleeokp ok Outj~o+ Hoy okpto~tgyoy gkpotqoklkp yut io eltibç( hoy alipjt alipjty( y( yjkp yjkp mçkçtl mçkçtlhoe hoeokp okp `oy aghglh aghglhoy oy `o mtju~o mtju~oyy dlkil dlkilgto gtoy( y( `-g `-gkyp kypgpu gpupgj pgjky ky  agklkigâtoy( `o ije~lmkgoy `-lyyutlkioy ju `o yjigçpçy gk`uyptgohhoy op tltoeokp `oy yjigçpçy gk`ç~ok`lkpoy+ H-gkpotklpgjklhgylpgjk lipuohho `u eltibç yo ptl`ugp ~lt `o kjedtour ejuqoeokpy `o tliblp op `o ijkiokptlpgjk `lky uk yoipout okijto `jegkç  ~lt `oy lipouty oyyokpgohhoeokp klpgjklur+  Hl `gqotygpç op hoy orgmokioy lipuohhoy `oy okpto~tgyoy lwlkp toijuty î h-laaliputlmo( ijkptg ijkptgduo duo(( `o kjy fju fjuty( ty( î h-çeot h-çeotmok mokio io `o kju kjuqol qolur ur yotqg yotqgio ioyy op î h-gkpç h-gkpçmtl mtlpgj pgjkk pjufjuty ~huy liituo `o kjuqohhoy poibkjhjmgoy+ H-Laaliputlmo `lky ho ejk`o Ho eltibç ejk`glh `o h-laaliputlmo ijkklëp uk hçmot toiuh ~lt tl~~jtp î yl ~otajtelkio `o 4>>? ~jut lttgqot î uko itjgyylkio `o #<<(1/ yut h-lkkço 4>>1+ ․

Qjhueo op qltglpgjk `u eltibç `o h-laaliputlmo <772%4>>1 "E`y ₨'

4?

Yjutio 6 AIG "^tj`uipgjk `oy yjigçpçy `-laaliputlmo yut hl eltibç Ejk`glh ok E`₨'

H-Laaliputlmo Gkpotklpgjklh H-laaliputlmo gkpotklpgjklh to~tçyokpo 7(
Qjhueo op ~jg`y tohlpga `o h-laaliputlmo gkpotklpgjklh <772%4>>1 "E`y ₨'

Yjutio Yjutio 6 AIG "çqjh "çqjhup upgjk gjk `o h-laa h-laalip liputl utlmo mo Gkpotk Gkpotklpg lpgjkl jklhh `lky `lky ho eltibç eltibç ejk`g ejk`glho lho `o h-laaliputlmo ok E`₨'

H-Laaliputlmo ok Outj~o Ho eltibç outj~çok ~jutyugp yl itjgyylkio î 4 ibgaatoy lqoi #<4(2/ ok 4>>1 "#<<(1/ `lky ho ejk`o' op to~tçyokpo `çyjtelgy =
․ ․

․

Ho Tjwlueo%_kg "4?0 E`y ₨' oyp `o hjgk ho ~toegot eltibç op ijkpgkuo yl ajtpo itjgyylkio "#<1(?/ ok ©'( elhmtç uk plur `-ç|ug~oeokp çhoqç "<9(0/ `u ^GD'+ L~tây ptjgy lkkçoy `o tçioyygjk( h- Gplhgo "<4> E`y ₨' to~ltp î hl bluyyo 6 #2(9/+ Hl Atlkio "<>> E`y ₨' tofjgkp dgokpðp ho `ourgâeo eltibç( lqoi uko itjgyylkio bjkkæpo `o <9(=/+ H-Lhhoelmko H-Lhhoelmko "=4 E`y ₨' ~jutyugp yl ajtpo itjgyylkio "#9>/( r 4 ok ptjgy lky'( op  dçkçagigo okijto `-uk ~jpokpgoh ge~jtplkp( `-l~tây yjk algdho ç|ug~oeokp "9(
Outjalipjt yo ihlyyo ?âeo ok Outj~o( Outj~o( lqoi 0(9/ `u qjhueo pjplh outj~çok+ ․

^tjmtoyygjk ^tjmtoyygjk `u eltibç outj~çok <772%4>>1 "E`y ₨'

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Yjutio 6 AIG "^tj`uipgjk `oy yjigçpçy `-laaliputlmo yut hl eltibç Outj~çok ok E`₨' 

H-Laaliputlmo H-Laaliputlmo ok Atlkio

Ok 4>>1( ho eltibç atlkílgy `o h-laaliputlmo h-laaliputlmo ijkklëp uko itjgyylkio î `our ibgaatoy ~jut hl 9âeo lkkço ijkyçiupgqo 6 #<9(=/ ~jut lttgqot î uko ~tj`uipgjk `o <>> Eghhglt`y `-Outjy+ `-Outjy + @o~ugy 4>>>( h-laaliputlmo h- laaliputlmo "Okijuty 5 4>(= E`₨ ok 4>>1' 4>>1 ' oyp `oqoku ho (>' op hl @lghhw "7(?'+ Outjalipjt oyp K¾< `o h-laaliputlmo ok ATLKIO lqoi 44(1/ `o ~ltpy `o eltibç+ ․

Çqjhupgjk `u eltibç atlkílgy "E`₨'

Yjutio 6 LYA "^tj`uipgjk `oy yjigçpçy `-laaliputlmo yut hl eltibç atlkílgy ok E`₨'



H laaliputlmo lu Eltji

I-oyp ok <722 |uo ho alipjtgkm algp yjk okptço lu Eltji î ptlqoty hl aghglho itçço ~lt DEIO( Eltji Alipjtgkm+ DIE `oqokuo Lppgfltg}lal dlkc l~tây yl auygjk lqoi ]lal dlkc( hug oedjëpo ho ~ly ok <77?( ~jut çpldhgt yl aghglho( Lppgfltg Alipjtgkm+ ? lky ~huy plt`( io yotl lu pjut `o DEIG `o y-gkpçtoyyot î io eltibç ok hug `ç`glkp uk `ç~ltpoeokp lu yogk `o yjk ygâmo+ Gh w l |uoh|uoy lkkçoy okijto( h-lipgqgpç laagiblgp `oy ~otajtelkioy ~hupðp pgeg`oy "youhoeokp 0? eghhgjky `-outjy( yjgp ?>1(1 eghhgjky `o @B ok 4>>> yohjk GAI'+ ^jut|ujg ioppo ~çtgj`o 4=

`-gkiotp `-gki otpgpu gpu`o: `o: £Ho elk elk|uo |uo `o ijk ijkiot iotplp plpgj gjk( k( ho ~o ~ouu `-o `-or~ç r~çtgo tgoki kioo op ho hoyy `g `gaaç aaçtok tokio ioyy `o   ~jy ~jygp gpgj gjkk kkoe oeok okpp jk jkpp al algp gp |u |uoo h-h-ja jaat atoo lu lurr ok okpt pto~ o~tg tgyo yoyy kk-çp çplg lgpp ~l ~lyy pt ptây ây lu ~j ~jgk gkp³ p³++ Ok 4>>0( ho eltibç ~tok` yjk okqjh op `judho yoy ~otajtelkioy "9(0 eghhglt`y `o @B ijkpto <(2 eghhglt` ok 4>>9' lqlkp `o yplmkot okpto 4>>? op 4>>1+ Okpto%poe~y( hoy ~jygpgjkkoeokpy yptlpçmg|uoy yjkp toypçy `gaaçtokpy `-uk j~çtlpout î h-lupto+ Lppgfltg op DEIO yo `çagkgyyokp ijeeo alipjt mçkçtlhgypo+ DEIG j~plkp ~jut uko yptlpçmgo `o igdhlmo yçhoipga `o yl ihgokpâho ibjgygo `lky yjk ~jtpoaoughho op alqjtgylkp hoy j~çtlpgjky hjilhoy+ Ok 4>>1( Eltji Alipjtgkm oktomgypto uk ibgaato `-laalgtoy `o 4(1 eghhglt`y `o @B+ Lu qu `oy yplpgypg|uoy `o AIG( iohl ijttoy~jk` î uko ~ltp `o eltibç `o ?4(?/+ Iohho%ig ejkpo î =>/( yg h-jk orihup hoy okijuty `oy toegyoy `o itçlkioy( yjupgokp ho elklmoeokp `o Eltji Alipjtgkm+ Hoy `our luptoy j~çtlpouty ko yo ~tjkjkiokp ~ly yut houty ~otajtelkioy ijeeotiglhoy+ ijeeotiglhoy+

Yjutio6 hoijkjegypo+ije

@ourgâeo ~ltpgo 6 Agklkioeokp ~lt ajtalgplmo G+ @o @oag agkg kgpg pgjk jk `u `u ajtal ajtalgp gplm lmoo Ho ajtalgplmo ju ajtalgpgkm |ug ~oup yo `çagkgt ijeeo h-liblp aoteo op `çagkgpga( ylky toijuty ijkpto ho iç`lkp ok ily `-ge~lwç( `o itçlkioy algylkp h-jdfop `o `çhlgy `o tâmhoeokp op kçoy `o ptlkylipgjky gttçqotygdhoy+

Ho ajtalgp oyp `jki uk gkyptueokp agklkigot( î `gy~jygpgjk `o h-or~jtplpout( |ug yo ijkitçpgyo `lky `lky h-oyij h-oyije~p e~poo `-oaao `-oaaopy py to~tçy to~tçyok okplp plpga gayy `o hl itçlki itçlkioo lyyjt lyyjtpg pgyy `-uko `-uko mltlkp mltlkpgo go dlkilg dlkilgto to op ijkypgpuçy yjgp ~lt `oy dghhopy î jt`to çegy ~lt h-ge~jtplpout( yjgp ~lt `oy hopptoy `o iblkmo pgtçoy ~lt h-or~jtplpout+

Hoy ~jgkpy yugqlkpy `çitgqokp hoy `gaaçtokpoy çpl~oy `u agklkioeokp ~lt ajtalgplmo6

<+ 4+ 9+ 0+ ?+ 1+ =+ 2+ 7+

Ho ajta ajtalg lgpo pout ut y-o y-okm kmlm lmoo î libo libopo pott hl elti eltibl blk` k`gy gyoo H-or~j H-or~jtpl tplpo pout ut op h-lib h-libopo opout ut `o hl eltibl eltiblk`g k`gyo yo ygmko ygmko uk ijkptl ijkptlpp ijeeotiglh+ Hl el eltib tiblk`gyo oy oyp hghgqtço+ Hl dlk|u dlk|uoo lii liijt` jt`oo uko uko mltlk mltlkpg pgoo î h-libo h-libopo pout* ut*ge ge~jt ~jtplp plpout out++ H-li H-libo bopo pout ut toeo toeopp hoy hoy dghh dghhop opyy î jt`t jt`too î h-o h-or~ r~jt jtpl plpo pout ut++ H-or~j H-or~jtpl tplpo pout ut toeop toeop hoy hoy dgh dghho hopy py î jt`t jt`too "ju oaaop oaaopy( y( opi+' opi+' lu lu ajtal ajtalgp gpout out++ Ho ajta ajtalg lgpo pout ut oyij oyije~p e~poo hoy hoy dghh dghhop opyy î jt`to jt`to op ~lg ~lgoo h-or h-or~jt ~jtplp plpou out+ t+ Ho ajt ajtal algp gpou outt toeop toeop hoy hoy dgh dghho hopy py î jt`t jt`too î hl dlk| dlk|uo uo `o h-l h-lib ibop opou outt ~jut  ~jut   ~lgoeokp î h-çibçlkio+ H-ge~j H-ge~jtpl tplpo pout* ut*lib libop opout out toedju toedjutyo tyo hl dlk|uo dlk|uo î h-çi h-çibçl bçlkio kio++

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4+ Ijkptlp `o qokpo

Or~jtplpout 

<+ Liijt`  ijkptlg% mklkp  yut hoy poteoy `u  ajtalgplmo

 1  + T  o e  o  p   h    o  y   d  g   h   h    o  p    y   î   j t   `  t   o

Libopout 

9+ Or~ç`gpgjk `oy eltbilk`gyoy ?+ Toeop hoy dghhopy î jt`to lqlhgyçy   k   î   o   y   o   p    g   o   l   h    h   ~   g    p    d   o   y   o   t   o   o   `    p   ~   `   t   j   e  o   j   m   i   k   y   l    O   b  +   i    =   ç

Dlk|uo gkpotklpgjklho  *ajtalgpgot 

  o   y    g    h   l   q    L    '    d    "  +    0

7+ Toedjutyo î h-çibçlkio 2+ Toeop hoy dghhopy î jt`to  ~jut ~lgoeokp î h-çibçlkio

0  +  j  "    l t   `   '   t   o T  o  ~  "   e  j  j  u  u  o t   o  p   h    l a   a    o q   o  y   l  p   h    y   (  d  g   h    o  o h    p    i   p    y  +  '    î 

 7  + T  o e %  d   j  u t   y   o  î  h   -    ç   i  b   ç   l k  i   o

Dlk|uo `o h-libopout* dlk|uo lqlhgypo

_pghgyç `o elkgâto ptl`gpgjkkohho( h-oaaop î ajtalgp oyp uk ejwok `-gkqoypgyyoeokp yót çplkp `jkkç |uo `our kjey "iohug `o h-libopout op iohug `o yl dlk|uo' w yjkp oaaoipgqoeokp l~~jyçy( lhjty |uo yut `-luptoy gkyptueokpy ko agmuto |u-uk youh kje( iohug `o h-libopout+ Luptoeokp `gp( h-oaaop î ajtalgp oyp çegy ~lt uko okpto~tgyo ge~jtplptgio( ok h-jiiuttokio h-libopout( op mltlkpg ~lt uko dlk|uo `o ~toegot ~hlk `lky ho ~lwy ijkiotkç "ok h-jiiuttokio( ho ~lwy `o h-libopout h-libopout outj~çok' outj~çok'++ ^jut |uo hl itçlkio yjgp yjgp $ge~tj`uipg $ge~tj`uipgqo$( qo$( gh alu`tlgp alu`tlgp |uo h-ge~jtplpout elgy luyyg hl dlk|uo lqlhgypo yjgokp `çalghhlkpy+ Iohl ygmkgago |uo ho tgy|uo `o itç`gp oyp ok mçkçtlh ~huy algdho |uo ~jut( ~lt oroe~ho( hoy mltlkpgoy jaaotpoy ~lt uko okpto~tgyo ju uko dlk|uo+

GG+

Qltglkpoy `o ajtalgpgkm Ptjgy pw~oy `o ajtalgpgkm kjk%orihuygay "ghy ~ouqokp ~jut hl ~hu~ltp yo ijedgkot' orgypokp+ Ho ajtalgpgkm lqoi mltlkpgo%il`to oyp io~ok`lkp ho ~huy ijutleeokp tokijkptç+

 L+ Ho ajtalgpgkm lqoi £ mltlkpgo%il`to ³+ @lky hl ~hu~ltp `oy ily( hl dlk|uo `o h-or~jtplpout `oelk`otl h-lqlh `o hl dlk|uo `o h-libopout "ho pgtç'+ ^jut io algto( h-or~jtplpout ~oup jdpokgt çqokpuohhoeokp uko £ mltlkpgo%il`to ³ `o hl ~ltp `o hl dlk|uo `o yjk libopout( |ug ijuqto hoy jdhgmlpgjky `o ~lgoeokp `o yjk ihgokp ~ok`lkp uk iotplgk poe~y op î ijkiuttokio `-uk ejkplkp elrgeue mltlkpg+

 D+ Ho ajtalgpgkm lqoi toegyo ~tçlhldho `oy ptlgpoy £ gk ptuyp ³+ Mçkçt Mçkçtlho lhoeok eokp( p( h-libo h-libopou poutt tokqj tokqjgo go yjk yjk oaao oaaopp liio~ liio~pç pç l~tây l~tây |u-gh |u-gh lgp toíu toíu yoy yoy elti eltiblk blk`gy `gyoy oy++ ^jut ^jut çhgegk çhgegkot ot ho tgy|uo tgy|uo `o tçygh tçyghglp glpgjk gjk `u ijkpt ijkptlp lp ijee ijeeoti otiglh glh yu~~jtpç ~lt h-or~jtplpout( ho ihgokp ~juttlgp ptây dgok æpto `-liijt` `o toeoppto

47

hl ptlgpo liio~pço î hl dlk|uo `o h-or~jtplpout lu ejeokp `o hl ygmklputo `u ijkptlp( lqoi ~jut egyygjk `o hl ijkyotqot £ ok ptuyp ³ op `o ko hl toeoppto î h-or~jtplpout |uo ijkpto toegyo `o `jiueokpy `-or~jtplpgjk dgok ~tçigy "djk `o hgqtlgyjk( opi+'+ Ioppo qltglkpo `jgp æpto `gypgkmuço `u itç`gp `jiueokplgto ok io yoky |u-ohho k-oyp ~ly yjuegyo lur T+_+_+ `o hl Ibledto `o Ijeeotio Gkpotklpgjklho +

I+ Ho ajtalgplmo `-oaaopy oyije~pçy £ ylua djkko agk ³ Poibkg|uo upghgyço hjty|uo h-or~jtplpout yjublgpo `gy~jyot `u ~lgoeokp `ây h-or~ç`gpgjk( i-oyp%î%`gto ylky lppok`to topjut `o hl ptlgpo liio~pço ~lt h-libopout çptlkmot+ Ohho ijkygypo î oyije~pot hl ptlgpo lqoi toijuty £ ylua djkko agk ³+ @ây ho topjut `o hl ptlgpo liio~pço( hl dlk|uo `o h-or~jtplpout k-l ~huy `o toijuty ijkpto h-or~jtplpout+ GGG+

Ijóp 0 çhçeokpy `o ijóp yjkp î ~tok`to ok ije~po 6

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hl ijeegyygjk `o ~lgoeokp op `-okilgyyoeokp 3 hl ~tgeo `-lyyutlkio 3 hl ~tgeo `-okmlmoeokp 3

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hl ~tgeo `o ajtalgplmo+

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GQ+ Lqlkp Lqlkplmoy lmoy op op gkijkqçkg gkijkqçkgokpy okpy `oy j~çtlpgj j~çtlpgjky ky `o ajtalg ajtalgplmo plmo 6  L+ Lqlkplmoy ․ ․ ․ ․

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Yu~~toyygjk `oy tgy|uoy `o itç`gp( |ug yjkp yu~~jtpçy ~lt hl dlk|uo+ Leçhgjtlpgjk `o hl ptçyjtotgo `o h-or~jtplpout+ Luiuko jdhgmlpgjk `o mhjdlhgylpgjk `oy itçlkioy+ Ohgegklpgjk `u tgy|uo `o iblkmo `ây hl hgqtlgyjk `oy eltiblk`gyoy "yg hl qokpo yo algp ok `oqgyo çptlkmâto'+ Yge~hgagilpgjk l`egkgyptlpgqo `u itç`gp "qjuy k-lqov ~huy ~h uy doyjgk `o mçtot `oy j~çtlpgjky `o yutqoghhlkio op `-okilgyyoeokp'+ Qjuy lqov hl ~jyygdghgpç `-liijt`ot `oy itç`gpy ajutkgyyouty î uk plur agro tokyogmkç to kyogmkç ~lt qjpto  dlk|uo lu ~tçlhldho( pjup ok çplkp ~lwç tl~g`oeokp+

 D+ Gkijkqçkgokpy Gkijkqçkgokpy ․

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Hl ~tlpg|uo `u ajtalgpgkm oyp tohlpgqoeokp ijópouyo( qu |uo qjpto dlk|uo lyyueotl pjuy hoy tgy|uoy+ Hl kjk%liio~plpgjk `o hl ptlgpo ~lt qjpto libopout çptlkmot+ Gh orgypo uk tgy|uo `o tçyghglpgjk `u ijkptlp ijeeotiglh okpto ho ejeokp `o yl ygmklputo op ho topjut `o h-oaaop liio~pç "liije~lmkç ho ily çibçlkp `o h-lqlh `u dlk|ugot çptlkmot'+

Q+ Tgy Tgy|uoy |uoy hg hgçy çy î io io pw~o pw~o `o agk agklki lkioeo oeokp kp 9>

 L+ Pgptoy Pgptoy gkl` gkl`ç|ul ç|ulpy py ju kjk kjk lupjt lupjtgyçy gyçy I-oyp ho ~tgkig~lh tgy|uo ~jpokpgoh lyyjigç î pjup pgpto to~tçyokplkp ju okpçtgklkp uko jdhgmlpgjk ijeeotiglho ju agklkigâto yjuy%fliokpo+ Hoy gkyptueokpy kçmjigldhoy ylky toijuty ko yjkp kuhhoeokp oroe~py `o io pw~o `o tgy|uo+

Io~ok`lkp( yohjk ]oyp HD Dlkc( hoy ptlkylipgjky atlu`uhouyoy `lky ho `jelgko `u ajtalgplmo jkp ~tgy `o ~huy ok ~huy `-ge~jtplkio ioy ptjgy `otkgâtoy lkkçoy+ Ho yoipout dlkilgto toíjgp atç|uo atç|uoeeo eeokp kp kjp kjpgagi gagilpgj lpgjkk `o hl ~ltp ~ltp `o h-Lyyj h-Lyyjigl iglpgj pgjkk `oy dlk|uo dlk|uoyy dtgplk dtgplkkg| kg|uoy uoy(( ju `o ijttoy~jk`lkpy çptlkmoty( h-gkajtelkp `o hl igtiuhlpgjk `o pgptoy atlu`uhour( |ug ijkypgpuotlgokp `o ~tçpok`uy okmlmoeokpy agklkigoty ~tgy ~lt h-çeoppout `o ioy pgptoy+ Yut ho eltibç `u ajtalgplmo( ioy pgptoy yjkp to~tçyokpçy ~lt `oy itç`gpy `jiueokplgtoy( `oy dghhopy î jt`to( `oy hopptoy `o iblkmo op `oy mltlkpgoy `o itçlkioy ije~pldhoy+ I-oyp ~jut|ujg gh oyp toijeelk`ç lur ajtalgpouty `o qçtgagot h-lupbokpgigpç `oy lqlhy ju `oy mltlkpgy liijt`çy ~lt hoy ~tçpok`uy çeoppouty lqlkp `-ok algto h-li|ugygpgjk+

@o ~hu ~huy( y( `u algp algp |uo hoy ptlkyl ptlkylipg ipgjky jky qjkp qjkp ok mçkçtl mçkçtlhh lu%`oh lu%`ohîî `oy atjkpgât atjkpgâtoy oy ~jh ~jhgpg| gpg|uoy uoy(( çijk çijkje jeg| g|uo uoyy op futg futg`g `g|u |uoy oy(( hoy hoy tgy| tgy|uo uoyy okij okijut utuy uy yjkp yjkp yjuq yjuqok okpp gkpo gkpoky kyga gagç gçyy ~lt ~lt hoy hoy tçmhoeokplpgjky hjilhoy ok elpgâto `o hgiokioy `-ge~jtplpgjk( `o qlhg`gpç `o mltlkpgoy dlkilgtoy op `o ptlkyaotpy `o `oqgyoy çptlkmâtoy+ Iotpoy( hoy tçmhoeokplpgjky hjilhoy ~ouqokp iblkmot( elgy gh oyp tlto |u-uk pgpto qlhldhoeokp çegy lu ejeokp `o hl ptlkylipgjk yjgp uhpçtgoutoeokp ej`gagç ok tlgyjk `-uk iblkmoeokp `o hçmgyhlpgjk `lky ho ~lwy ge~jtplpout+ ^lt ijkyç|uokp( gh gkijedo lu ajtalgpout yut ho eltibç ~tgelgto `o qoghhot î io |uo ho pgpto yjgp ijttoip( hgigpo op qlhldho lu ejeokp j÷ gh oyp çiblkmç ijkpto `oy hg|ug`gpçy+

 D+  D+ Tgy|u Tgy|uoo `o ijkpt ijkpto~ o~lt ltpg pgoo Gh oyp çmlhoeokp gkpçtoyylkp `o eokpgjkkot uk lupto pw~o `o tgy|uo 6 ho tgy|uo `o ijkpto~ltpgo+ I-oyp uk tgy|uo hgç î pjupo ptlkylipgjk ijeeotiglho ju agklkigâto okpto `our ~ltpgoy+ Hl ~ltpgo L ~oup%ohho æpto yóto |uo hl ~ltpgo D ql dgok toy~oipot op toe~hgt yl ~ltp `u ijkptlp : ^lt  oroe~ho( yg h-libopout qgokp î ko ~ly ~lwot `oy eltiblk`gyoy |ug hug jkp çpç hgqtçoy( ho ajtalgpout `oqtl ibotibot î yo algto ~lwot ~lt hl dlk|uo |ug l `jkkç yjk lqlh+

I+ Tgy| Tgy|uo uo `o ijut ijutyy Ho tgy|uo `o ijuty ijkypgpuo çmlhoeokp uk tgy|uo tçoh+ Ho plur `-oyije~po tçyuhpo `u ijóp oypgeç `u agklkioeokp ~jut hl ~çtgj`o ijuqotpo ~lt ho dghhop î jt`to lu|uoh qgokp y-lfjupot uko eltmo ijttoy~jk`lkp lu tgy|uo `o itç`gp+ Lagk `o `çpotegkot uk plur `-oyije~po ~tçigy( hoy plur `-gkpçtæp `jgqokp æpto ~tgy ok ije~po+ _ko lumeokplpgjk `oy plur `-gkpçtæp ~oup okmok`tot  uko ~otpo+ ^jut yo ~tjpçmot ijkpto io tgy|uo( gh oyp ~ltajgy kçioyylgto `o ~tok`to uko ~jygpgjk yut ho eltibç `çtgqç+

Hoy |uoypgjky `o tgy|uoy `o |ulhgpç k-gkpotqgokkokp ~ly gig ilt hoy oyije~poy yo ajkp yut `oy itçlkioy î h-or~jtplpgjk |ug jkp `çfî çpç qlhjtgyçoy+

9<

 @+  @+ Tgy|u Tgy|uoo `o ptlk ptlkyl ylip ipgj gjkk _ko `oy iltlipçtgypg|uoy ~tgkig~lhoy `o io pw~o `o agklkioeokp ijeeotiglh ylky toijuty oyp |uo |uo h-gk h-gkyp yptu tueo eokp kp `o itç` itç`gp gp kçmj kçmjigl igldh dhoo yjuy yjuy%f %fli liok okpp oyp oyp `gyp `gypgk gkip ip `o hl dlyo dlyo `u tgy| tgy|uo uo `o ptlkylipgjk+ Gh oyp oyyokpgoh |uo ho eçilkgyeo `o agklkioeokp `u itç`gp yjgp ije~hâpoeokp `gypgkip `o h-jdhgmlpgjk `o ~lgoeokp+ Lgkyg( dgok |uo ho tgy|uo `o ptlkylipgjk ko to~tçyokpo ~ly( `o ~tgeo ldjt`( uk tgy|uo `gtoip ~jut iohug |ug agklkio( gh ~oup lqjgt uko gkig`okio ptây ge~jtplkpo+ Ibliuk ylgp |uo hoy agklkigoty toauyokp `oy ptlkylipgjky hjty|u-ghy ijkyg`âtokp |uo ho qok`out k-jaato ~ly hoy mltlkpgoy ijkpto tgy|uo+

Lagk `-g`okpgagot io tgy|uo op `o y-ok ~tjpçmot( gh lttgqo |uo hoy agklkigoty gkihuokp `lky h-liijt` `o ajtalgplmo |u-ghy ijkihuokp lqoi hoy or~jtplpouty `oy ihluyoy |ug hoy ~tjpâmokp `o io pw~o `o tgy|uo+

QG+ ^jy ^jyyg ygdgh dghgpç gpçyy `-orpok `-orpokyg ygjk jk `u eçilkgy eçilkgyeo eo Lhjty |uo hoy eltibçy agklkigoty ibotibokp `o ~huy ok ~huy î pgptgyot houty lqjgty( ho ajtalgplmo ~tok` uko ge~jtplkio mtlk`gyylkpo `lky ho ijeeotio `oy itçlkioy î ijutp op î ejwok poteo( ilt ijkptlgtoeokp î `-luptoy oaaopy `o ijeeotio( ohhoy k-l~~ltlgyyokp ~ly lu  ~lyyga `lky hl ije~pldghgpç `u qok`out+ ♡ Hl hgdçtlhgylpgjk `o h-çijkjego( hl hoqço `oy jdyplihoy ijeeotiglur op hl tç`uipgjk `oy   ~tjmt ~tjmtlee leeoy oy `o itç`gp itç`gpyy ~udhgi ~udhgiyy î h-or~j h-or~jtpl tplpgj pgjkk qjkp qjkp okijut okijutlmo lmott h-upghg h-upghgylp ylpgjk gjk `o ioy gkyptueokpy+ ♡ _ko `oy ~jyygd ~jyygdghg ghgpçy pçy `-orpo `-orpokyg kygjk jk ~oup ~oup æpto æpto hl ~tgyo ~tgyo `o ijkyig ijkyigoki okioo itjgyy itjgyylkp lkpoo `o h-orgypokio `u ajtalgplmo op `o yoy l~~hgilpgjky ~jyygdhoy `lky iotplgkoy igtijkyplkioy( lfjupçy î h-okmjuoeokp ~jut hoy tgy|uoy t gy|uoy hgçy lur eltibçy çeotmokpy ~jtplkp yut uko mleeo `-gkyptueokpy `u eltibç yoijk`lgto( `jkp iotplgky yjkp ~huy lpptlwlkpy |uo hoy gkyptueokpy kçmjigldhoy hgçy lu ijeeotio op ylky toijuty+ ♡ _ko lupto ~jyygdghgpç oyp ylky `jupo hl ahorgdghgpç `o io eçilkgyeo |ug( yg ohho ~oup  ~jyot `oy ~tjdhâeoy |ulkp î yl `çagkgpgjk orlipo( leçhgjto yjk `çqohj~~oeokp ’ plkp yut ho eltibç `u ijeeotio |uo yut ho eltibç agklkigot+ ♡

Io eçilkgyeo ~oup çmlhoeokp yo `çqohj~~ot mtäio î yl aliuhpç î to~tçyokpot kjk youhoeokp `oy itçlkioy ~jtplkp yut `oy itç`gpy ijeeotiglur elgy luyyg `oy jdhgmlpgjky agklkigâtoy+ ♡ Yjk Yjk `çqo `çqohj~ hj~~o ~oeok eokpp `ç~o `ç~ok` k` luyy luyygg `o yl il~l il~lig igpç pç î æpto æpto hgç î `oy `oy gkyp gkyptu tueo eokp kpyy ijeeotiglur op agklkigoty kçmjigldhoy `çfî orgyplkpy lu yogk `oy hçmgyhlpgjky ok qgmuout+ ♡

QGG+ QG G+ Al Alip ipou outy ty `o hge hgegp gplp lpgj gjkk Hoy jdyplihoy lu ijeeotio ptlkyklpgjklh op uk gyjhlpgjkkgyeo itjgyylkp `o iotplgkoy çijkjegoy+ ♡ Gh w l luyyg h-bçygplpgjk `oy libopouty î çeoppto `oy dghhopy î jt`to ju eæeo ibotibot î jdpokgt uko mltlkpgo "lqlh' yu~~hçeokplgto `o houty dlk|ugoty+ Ioig oyp `ó lu algp |uo uko ajgy hoy dghhopy î jt`to yjkp çegy( hoy libopouty yotjkp okmlmçy î tok`to to k`to aoteo hoy ~lgoeokpy î `lpo agro+ Io |ug ok ily `o `çalup houty okijutokp `oy leok`oy+ @o ~huy( ibotibot `oy mltlkpgoy _k eltibç yoijk`lgto |ug k-l kg ijkygyplkio kg hg|ug`gpç+ Ho eltibç yoijk`lgto  fjuo uk tðho il~gplh `lky h-çqjhupgjk `o io eçilkgyeo ilt gh ~oteop lur `çpokpouty `o  dghhopy î jt`to `o iç`ot houty oaaopy hjty|uo hout dghlk `jgp æpto ç~utç+ ♡ @oy hçmgyhlpgjky klpgjklhoy |ug hgegpokp ho ptlkyaotp `-gkyptueokpy kçmjigldhoy+ ♡

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@oy ~tlpg|u ~tlpg|uoy oy atlu`u atlu`uhou houyoy yoy `o mtlk`o mtlk`o okqotm okqotmuto uto ju `o ~tjajk ~tjajk`oy `oy `gypjt `gypjtygj ygjky ky `u eltibç |ug ~juttlgokp itçot uk qokp `o ~lkg|uo ~lteg hoy gkpotqoklkpy op tok`to ho eltibç ejgky lpptlipga+ ♡ H-ok H-okqg qgtj tjkk kkoe oeok okpp orpt orptæeo æeoeo eokp kp tçmh tçmhoe oeok okpç pç `lky `lky ho|u ho|uoh oh çqjh çqjhuo uo hl ~hu~ ~hu~lt ltpp `oy `oy or~jtplpouty latgilgky+ ♡

QGGG QG GG++ AJT AJTALG ALGPLM PLMO O % Çpu Çpu`o `o `o `o ily ily < Hl ptlkylipgjk Poyij*Ajr Atoyb Or~jtp Vgedld}o Ok qotpu `o iop liijt` `o ajtalgplmo( h-okpto~tgyo hjilho "Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Vgedld}o' or~ç`go ~lt lqgjk `oy ahouty op `oy hçmueoy atlgy î uk libopout çptlkmot( ok h-jiiutokio( hoy yu~oteltibçy yu~oteltibçy Poyij lu Tjwlueo%_kg+ Poyij çeop `oy dghhopy î jt`to î çibçlkio okqoty h-or~jtplpout+ Ioy dghhopy î jt`to jkp çpç lqlhgyçy ~lt hl dlk|uo `o Poyij+ _ko ajgy hoy dghhopy lqlhgyçy( lqlhgyçy( h-or~jtplpout( lu hgou `-lppok`to 9> î <2> fjuty ~jut æpto ~lwç op*ju oe~tukpot `o h-ltmokp yut ho eltibç hjilh ~jut agklkiot yjk ajk`y `o tjuhoeokp( ~oup y-l`toyyot î uko  dlk|uo ~jut æpto ~lwç geeç`glpoeokp ok `oqgyoy çptlkmâtoy( `ç`uipgjk algpo `-uk plur `-oyije~po+ H-or~jtplpout upghgyotl okyugpo hoy itçlkioy ijkagteçoy ~lt h-lqlh `o hl dlk|uo î pgpto `o mltlkpgo( op yotl ~lwç `our î |ulpto fjuty l~tây or~ç`gpgjk `oy eltiblk`gyoy+ Lgkyg( gh  ~oup oaaoipgqoeokp oaaoipgqoeokp oe~tukpot î h-çptlkmot ylky lqjgt lqjgt î yu~~jtpot `oy tgy|uoy `o iblkmo( pjup ok dçkçagiglkp `o pjuy hoy lqlkplmoy hgçy lur plur `-gkpçtæp+  Or~jtplpout  Ihgokp 

6 Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Vgedld}o 6 Yu~oteltibçy Poyij( T+_+

Qlhout `oy or~jtplpgjky

6 < eghhgjk `o `jhhlty _Y 

 Dlk|uo lwlkp oyije~pç  hl itçlkio

6 Tldjdlkc 

Plur `-oyije~po 6 ?/ agro  Çibçlkio 6 7> fjuty Qlhout ~jut h-or~jtplpout  6 7?> >>> `jhhlty _Y   ^tjiç`uto l+ Ajr Atoyb Atoyb Or~jtpy Or~jtpy Vgedld Vgedld}o }o toíjgp toíjgp ijkagte ijkagtelp lpgjk gjk `o Poyij `o hl qlhou qlhoutt `o yoy or~jtplpgjky op `oy `lpoy `o `çkjuoeokp  d+ Ajr Atoyb Atoyb Or~jtpy Or~jtpy Vgedld}o Vgedld}o gkqgpo gkqgpo Poyij î çeoppto çeoppto `oy `oy dghhopy dghhopy î jt`to |ug yjkp  yjkp   ~lwldhoy ~lt yl dlk|uo î Tldjdlkc+ i+ Poyij Poyij çeop `oy dghhop dghhopyy î jt`to jt`to lqlhgy lqlhgyçy çy okqoty okqoty h-or~jt h-or~jtplp plpou outt "i-oy "i-oypp hî hl eçpbj` eçpbj`oo ptl`gpgjkkohho3 ptl`gpgjkkohho3 î h-bouto lipuohho( h-j~çtlpgjk yo algp ~hupðp `o dlk|uo î dlk|uo 6 hl dlk| dlk|uo uo `o h-li h-libo bopo pout ut çe çeop op `gto `gtoip ipoe oeok okpp `oy `oy dghh dghhop opyy î jt`t jt`too î hl dlk| dlk|uo uo `o h-or~jtplpout'+ `+ Tldjdlkc ~lgo Ajr Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Vgedld}o( `ç`uipgjk `ç`uipgjk algpo `o h-oyije~po h-oyije~po "?/'+

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o+ @lky @lky hoy hoy 7> fjuty( fjuty( hl dlk|uo dlk|uo `o Poyij Poyij tâmho tâmho `çagkg `çagkgpo poeok eokpp hl ptlkyl ptlkylip ipgjk gjk lqoi lqoi  Tldjdlkc+

Hoy lqlkplmoy `o hl ptlkylipgjk Poyij*Ajr Atoyb Or~jtp Vgedld}o  ^jut h-libopout "Poyij' 6 ♡ H-libopout "Poyij' ql dçkçagigot `o ijk`gpgjky `o itç`gp op ko yotl ~ly ijkptlgkp î ~lwot geeç`glpoeokp+ H-libopout ~oup lgkyg toioqjgt hl eltiblk`gyoy( hl qok`to( toioqjgt ho ~lgoeokp op gkqoypgt ioppo yjeeo lqlkp ho tâmhoeokp `çagkgpga |ug `jgp lqjgt hgou `lky 7> î <2>  fjuty+ <+

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 ^jut h-or~jtplpout "Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Vgedld}o' 6 Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Vgedld}o oyp ~lwç `lky hoy yo~p fjuty yugqlkp or~ç`gpgjk `oy eltiblk`gyoy+ Î h-gkyplt `o hl ~hu~ltp `oy eçilkgyeoy `o agklkioeokp |ug yjkp jaaotpy î h-bouto lipuohho( io eçilkgyeo k-jdhgmo ~ly Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Vgedld}o î lqjgt uko ijpo `o yjhqldghgpç çhoqço( pjup ok hug çqgplkp hoy ~tjiç`utoy ijkptlgmklkpoy |uo pjup or~jtplpout or~jtplpout `jgp kjtelhoeokp yugqto ~jut jdpokgt uk agklkioeokp agklkioeokp î h-çptlkmot+ h-çptlkmot+ @lky ho ily ~tçyokp( hl youho orgmokio ijkygypo ok uk dghhop î jt`to ju uko mltlkpgo ç|ugqlhokpo çegy ~lt h-libopout çptlkmot `jkp hl dlk|uo mltlkpgp `o elkgâto kjk ç|ugqj|uo |u-gh ~lgotl î h-çibçlkio agrço+ Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Vgedld}o leçhgjto yl ije~çpgpgqgpç ilt gh ~oup yo ~oteoppto `-liijt`ot `o djkkoy ijk`gpgjky `o itç`gp î yoy ihgokpy çptlkmoty ylky yo yjuigot `o yl ptçyjtotgo+ Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Vgedld}o k-lutl ~ly î oe~tukpot hjilhoeokp ju î h-çptlkmot   ~jut elgkpokgt yjk ajk`y `o tjuhoeokp ilt gh toioqtl ho ~lgoeokp `oy eltiblk`gyoy or~jtpçoy ~tlpg|uoeokp lu ije~plkp "`lky uk `çhlg `o yo~p fjuty'+ @o io algp( hoy ijópy `-oe~tukp yjkp tç`ugpy `o alíjk y~oipliuhlgto+ Elgk Elgkpo pokl klkp kp Aj Ajrr Atoy Atoybb Or~j Or~jtp tpyy Vged Vgedld ld}o }o yotl yotl ~lwç ~lwçoo ~huy ~huy tl~g tl~g`o `oeo eokp kp |uo |uo  ~tçiç`oeeokp(  ~tçiç`oeeokp( ohho ~oup 6

l' gkqoyp gkqoypgt gt pjupo pjupo ~jtpgjk ~jtpgjk `gy~jkg `gy~jkgdh dhoo `o yoy lqjgt lqjgtyy ok `oqgyoy `oqgyoy "l~tây "l~tây lqjgt lqjgt tl~lp tl~lptgç tgç hl  ~ltp kçioyylgto lu elgkpgok `-uk ajk`y `o tjuhoeokp' ~jut uko ~çtgj`o `o 1> fjuty+ Iohl ygmkgago |uo Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Vgedld}o ~oup tçiu~çtot uko ~ltpgo `oy ijópy op `oy atlgy jiilygjkkçy hjty|u-ohho l ibotibç î jdpokgt uk ~lgoeokp tl~g`o+  d' Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Or~jtpy Vgedld} Vgedld}oo ~oup toedjutyot toedjutyot iotplgky iotplgky `o yoy oe~tukpy oe~tukpy "oe~tukp "oe~tukpyy hjilur'( çqgplkp lgkyg `-æpto ~ltlhwyço ~lt uko liiueuhlpgjk `-gkpçtæpy( yutpjup yg hoy oe~tukpy yjkp hgdohhçy ok `jhhlty `u Vgedld}o+ i' Ajr Atoyb Or~jtpy Or~jtpy Vgedld} Vgedld}oo ~oup ~oup `çyjte `çyjtelg lgyy liitjë liitjëpto pto yjk ibgaat ibgaatoo `-laa `-laalgt lgtoy oy î h-or~jtplpgjk op yjk tok`oeokp çplkp `jkkç |uo ho ~lgoeokp `o yoy qokpoy yo algp elgkpoklkp lu ije~plkp+

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 ^jut hl dlk|uo "Tldjdlkc' 6 Tldj Tldjdl dlkc kc "ho "ho ajta ajtalg lgpo pout ut'' k-l k-l ~ly ~ly î yo yjui yjuigo gott `oy `oy tgy| tgy|uo uoy% y%~l ~lwy wy "tgy "tgy|u |uoo hg hgçç lu Vgedld}o'+ Ho agklkioeokp oyp liijt`ç yut hl dlyo `-uko ptlkylipgjk op ho tgy|uo lyyueç ~lt  Tldj Tldjdl dlkc kc ~jtp ~jtpoo yut yut h-li h-libo bopo pout ut çptl çptlkm kmot ot Poyi Poyij( j( op kjk kjk yut yut Aj Ajrr Atoy Atoybb Or~j Or~jtp tpyy Vgedld}o+

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 ^jut ho ~lwy "Vgedld}o' 6 Ho ~lwy( ok h-jiiuttokio ho Vgedld}o( ~oup elgkpoklkp okilgyyot yoy toioppoy `o iblkmo ~huy tl~g`oeokp |u-lu~ltlqlkp( io |ug ~oteop `-leçhgjtot yl dlhlkio `oy  ~lgoeokpy  ~lgoeokpy ju yoy tçyotqoy ok `oqgyoy çptlkmâtoy+ çptlkmâtoy+

0+ ♡

Yugpo î iohî agmuto uk lupto oroe~ho `-upghgylpgjk `u ajtalgplmo+ Ioppo ~tj~jygpgjk `o agklkioeokp oyp çpldhgo ~lt Gkkjagk Latgil ok alqout `o ~tj`uipouty bjtpgijhoy `u Vgedld}o+ Ohho oyp ajk`ço yut `oy itçlkioy î h-or~jtplpgjk+

GR++ GKKJ GR GKKJAG AGK K LA LATG TGIL IL66 ^T ^TJ^ J^JY JYGP GPGGJK @O AGKL AGKLKI KIOE OEOK OKP P ^TÇYOKPÇO Î HL DLK\_O LATGILGKO @-GE^JTP*OR^JTP @-GE^JTP*OR^JT P % Çpu`o `o Ily 4 Gkajtelpgjky mçkçtlhoy

Gkkjagk Latgil oyp uko yjigçpç okpgâtoeokp il~gplhgyço `u Vgedld}o op oktomgyptço î Hjk`toy3 ohho l  ~jut egyygjk `o alighgpot ho ijeeotio yut ho ijkpgkokp latgilgk ok lg`lkp hoy or~jtplpouty latgilgky `u yoipout bjtpgijho î leçhgjtot hout ptçyjtotgo ok elpgâto `o ijeeotio gkpotklpgjklh ~lt ho dglgy `o h-oyije~po `o itçlkioy î h-or~jtplpgjk+ Gkkjagk Latgil y-oyp ijkypgpuço ok yjigçpç ok <777 op l itçç ~lt  hl yugpo uko yjigçpç ijkyjhg`ço î qjilpgjk ~ltpgiuhgâto gkyplhhço î Fotyow op `jkp ho dup oyp h-liblp `o pgptoy `o itçlkioy gyyuy `oy or~jtplpgjky oaaoipuçoy ~lt hoy or~jtplpouty latgilgky `u yoipout bjtpgijho qoty `oy libopouty `oy ~lwy `o h-JI@O+

 Ajkipgjkkoeokp 

Hl yjigçpç Gkkjagk libâpotl hoy pgptoy `o itçlkioy itçlkioy ijkptlipçy ~lt hoy or~jtplpouty latgilgky `u yoipout  bjtpgijho okqoty hoy ~lwy `o h-Jtmlkgylpgjk `o ijj~çtlpgjk op `o `çqohj~~oeokp çijkjeg|uoy "JI@O'+ Ioy pgptoy tç~jk`tjkp lur kjteoy liio~pçoy lu kgqolu gkpotklpgjklh ok poteoy `o |ulhgpç op `o  ~otajtelkio lppok`uo+ Hoy libopouty ju houty lmokpy çeopptjkp `oy dghhopy î jt`to |uo ho dçkçagiglgto "`lky ho ily ~tçyokp Latorgedlkc' libâpotl+ Latorgedlkc ~lgotl Gkkjagk hl|uohho( î pjut(  ~lgotl hoy or~jtplpouty( ejgky uko oyije~po+

9?

Latorgedlkc  Liijt` `o agklkioeokp 

9 "l' eop `o kjuqolu kjuqolurr dghhopy î jt`to lqoi ~lgoeokp î 7> fjuty

GKKJAGK

?+ Toedjutyo l~tây 7> fjuty

Lmokp

0+ ^lgo `lky hoy
4+Çeop `oy dghhopy î jt`to ~jut ~lgoeokp î 9> fjuty

Libopouty gkpotklpgjklur "Iblëkoy `o yu~oteltibçy op Djutyoy'

<+ Or~jtpo hoy eltiblk`gyoy

Or~jtplpout 

R+

9 "d' ^lgo lu ije~plkp î oyije~po

IO \_O HO HOYY DLK LK\_ \_O OY OP HO HOYY ÇPLD LDHG HGYY YYO OEOK OKPY PY AGKLKIGOTY @OQTLGOKP OKPTO^TOK@TO

Lagk `o ~tjeju ~tjejuqjg qjgtt h-upghg h-upghgylp ylpgjk gjk `o ejwoky ejwoky `o agklki agklkioeo oeokp kp ajk`çy ajk`çy yut hoy itçlki itçlkioy oy î h-or~jtplpgjk( hoy dlk|uoy `oy ~lwy ok `çqohj~~oeokp `jgqokp jaatgt hoy yotqgioy eokpgjkkçy ig% l~tây6

<+ ․ ․

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@çqohj~~oeokp `u `u Ij Ijeeotio algto tokijkptot hoy libopouty libopouty op hoy qok`outy qok`outy `çygtour `-or~jtpot op `-ge~jtpot  H‗or~jtplpout ajutkgp l hl dlk|uo dlk|uo hoy y~çigagilpgjky ije~hâpoy `u ~tj`ugp( ~tgr( |ulhgpç op |ulkpgpç hgqtldho+ ajutkgt aoughhopy ju dtjibutoy `-gkajtelpgjk `-gkajtelpgjk lqoi ghhuyptlpgjky `u ~tj`ugp+ hl dlk|uo okqjgo ioy gkajtelpgjky î iotplgkoy dlk|uoy ~ltpoklgtoy `lky hoy ~lwy qoty hoy|uohy ho ~tj`ugp l ho ~huy `o iblkio `-æpto qok`u+ Ioy dlk|uoy ju yuiiutylhoy ijkplipokp î hout pjut iotplgky `o houty ihgokpy op pjup libopout  |ug ~juttlgp æpto gkpçtoyyç gkpçtoyyç ~lt ho ~tj`ugp+ Ho qok`out op h-libopout kçmjigokp `gtoipoeokp op ~ouqokp okyugpo agklkiot hl ptlkylipgjk yohjk hoy ~tjiç`utoy l~~tj~tgçoy+

91

4+ ^udhgilpgjky ․

Hoy dlk|uoy dlk|uoy `oy ~lwy ~lwy ok `çqohj~~o `çqohj~~oeok eokpp `jg `jgqok qokpp algto algto ~ltlëp ~ltlëpto( to( ~çtgj`g| ~çtgj`g|uoe uoeokp okp(( `oy  ~udhgilpgjky ~jtplkp yut hoy kjuqohhoy tçmhoeokplpgjky klpgjklhoy op yut iohhoy `o hl dlk|uo iokptlho( yut hoy plroy( h-çqjhupgjk `u eltibç `oy iblkmoy "ju `oy `oqgyoy'( hl pok`lkio `oy plur `-gkpçtæp op `oy yufopy ygeghlgtoy+ 9+ Tokyogmkoeokpy yut hl yjhqldghgpç 

․

Hoy Hoy `ç~l `ç~ltp tpoe oeok okpy py `oy `oy dlk| dlk|uo uoyy iblt ibltmç mçyy `u itç` itç`gp gp `oqt `oqtlgo lgokp kp ajut ajutkg kgtt lur lur ihgo ihgokp kpyy hoy hoy tokyogmkoeokpy kçioyylgtoy yut hl yjhqldghgpç `oy libopouty op `oy ajutkgyyouty+ 0+ Tokyogmkoeokpy yut hoy ge~jtplpouty

․ ․

Hjty|u Hjty|uoo hoy or~jtp or~jtplpo lpouty uty toíjgq toíjgqokp okp `oy ijeelk ijeelk`oy `oy `-ge~j `-ge~jtpl tplpou pouty ty çptlkm çptlkmoty oty |u-ghy |u-ghy ko ijkklgyyokp ~ly( ghy `jgqokp `çig`ot |uohhoy yotjkp hoy ijk`gpgjky `o hl ptlkylipgjk+ p tlkylipgjk+ Lqjgt `oy tokyogmkoe tokyogmkoeokpy okpy yut h‗libopout h‗libopout ilt hoy ijk`gpgjky `o ptlkylipgjk ptlkylipgjk `ç~ok`okp `ç~ok`okp `o hout  yjhg`gpç agklkigâto ?+ Tokyogmkoeokpy yut hoy or~jtplpouty

․

H‗libopout `oqtlgp lqjgt `oy gkajtelpgjky yut hl tç~uplpgjk `o h‗or~jtplpout ~jut ho yjuig `o hl |ulhgpç `o ~tj`ugp+ 1+^tçyokplpgjky

․

Hoy Dlk|uoy Dlk|uoy gkpotklpgjkl gkpotklpgjklhoy hoy `oqtlgokp `oqtlgokp ajutkgt hoy toijeelk`lpgjky toijeelk`lpgjky `oy dlk|uoy dlk|uoy lu~tây `u ihgokp+ Ijkiotklkp hoy tâmhoeokplpgjky

RG+ IO \_ O HOY OKPTO^TOK@TO

OR^JTPLPO_TY

@OQTLGOKP

Hoy or~jtplpouty or~jtplpouty `oqtlgokp `oqtlgokp çpldhgt `oy ijkplipy ijkplipy `utldhoy `utldhoy lqoi hoy libopouty ok ldjt`lkp ldjt`lkp lqoi pjuy hoy gkpotqoklkpy hoy |uoypgjky yugqlkpoy6 <+ 4+ 9+ 0+ ?+

@çqo @çqohj hj~~ ~~oeo oeokp kp `o ~tj ~tj`u `ugpy gpy Ptlk Ptlky~ y~jt jtpp op op elk elkup upok okpgj pgjkk Hjmgypg|uo \ulhgpç Alighgp Alighgpçç `o ~lgoeo ~lgoeokp kp "kjplee "kjpleeokp okp `o alíjk alíjk î gkigpo gkigpott hoy agklkigo agklkigoty ty î liijt` liijt`ot ot `oy itç`gpy lur ptlkylipgjky î h-or~jtplpgjk'

9=

Ptjgygâeo ~ltpgo 6 Ije~ltlgyjk okpto ajtalgplmo op laaliputlmo Plkp ho ajtalgplmo |uo h-laaliputlmo ~jtpokp ~jtpokp yut h-liblp `o itçlkioy+ Ghy qgyokp pjuy `our î itçot uko yjutio `o agklkioeokp ok liboplkp `‗uk qok`out*or~jtplpout `oy itçlkioy |ug hug yjk `uoy ~lt uk libopout î çibçlkio+

Hl Ijkqokpgjk `-_kg`tjgp yut h-laaliputlmo gkpotklpgjklh "Jppl}l( 42 elg <722' `çagkgp h-laaliputlmo ijeeo hl ioyygjk( ~lt uk ajutkgyyout( î uk ioyygjkklgto `oy itçlkioy kçoy `o ijkptlpy `o qokpo `o eltiblk`gyoy ijkihuy okpto ho ajutkgyyout op yoy ihgokpy "`çdgpouty'( ok qotpu `oy|uohy ho ioyygjkklgto `jgp ~tok`to ok ibltmo lu ejgky `our `oy ajkipgjky yugqlkpoy6 ․ ․ ․ ․

ho agklkioeokp `u ajutkgyyout( kjpleeokp hoy ~tæpy ju ~lgoeokpy lkpgig~çy3 hl pokuo `oy ije~poy "gkyitg~pgjk' "g kyitg~pgjk' tohlpgay lur itçlkioy3 h-okilgyyoeokp `o itçlkioy3 hl ~tjpoipgjk ijkpto hl `çalghhlkio `oy `çdgpouty+

H-laaliputlmo ~oup lgkyg æpto uko j~çtlpgjk `lky hl|uohho yo ijedgkokp hoy ajkipgjky `o agklki agklkioeo oeokp kp op `o toijuq toijuqtoeo toeokp kp `o itç`gp itç`gp33 ohho ohho ~oup ~oup çmlhoe çmlhoeokp okp æpto æpto uk ejwok ejwok `-orpotklhgyot hoy ajkipgjky `o moypgjk op `o toijuqtoeokp `o itç`gp( ylky |u-luiuk agklkioeokp k-lgp çpç liijt`ç lu ajutkgyyout+ @lky hl ~tlpg|uo( pjupoajgy( hl ~hu~ltp `oy j~çtlpgjky `-laaliputlmo y-gkyitgp `lky ho il`to `-uk agklkioeokp( op `o kjedtouyoy okpto okpto~t ~tgy gyoy oy `-la `-laal alipu iputl tlmo mo eopp eoppok okpp h-li h-liio iokp kp yut yut iop iop ly~o ly~oip ip `lky `lky hout houtyy dtji dtjibu buto toyy  ~udhgigplgtoy( `lky hl eoyuto j÷ kjedto `-okpto ohhoy `çagkgyyokp h-laaliputlmo ijeeo çplkp lqlkp pjup uko j~çtlpgjk $aliputoy ijkpto ltmokp ije~plkp$+

L

^jgkpy ijeeuky

@u ~jgkp `o quo `u qok`out( h-laaliputlmo op ho ajtalgplmo liitjgyyokp ho ajk`y `o tjuh tjuhoe oeok okp( p( tç`ug tç`ugyo yokp kp hoy hoy tgy| tgy|uo uoyy hg hgçy çy lur lur ptlk ptlkyl ylip ipgj gjky ky op ~ouq ~ouqok okpp leçh leçhgj gjto tott hl ije~çpgpgqgpç ok jaatlkp î h-libopout `oy ijk`gpgjky `o ~lgoeokp yju~hoy+

@lky hoy `our ily( hoy tgy|uoy hgçy î hl `çhgqtlkio `o eltiblk`gyoy ju `o yotqgioy ylpg ylpgya yalg lgyl ylkpy kpy op h-or h-orçi çiup upgj gjkk `u ijkp ijkptl tlpp `jkp `jkp ghy ajkp ajkp h-jd h-jdfop fop toqg toqgok okko kokp kp `o hl toy~jkyldghgpç `u qok`out( lhjty |uo h-libopout `o itçlkioy "|u-gh yjgp uk ajtalgpout ju uk ioyygjkklgto' lyyueo hoy tgy|uoy ijeeotiglur( ~jhgpg|uoy op çijkjeg|uoy `u ~lwy `o h-libopout+

D

@gaaçtokioy

Hl `gaaçtokio okpto ioy `our eçilkgyeoy pgokp lu algp |uo h-laaliputlmo ijkiotko  ~tgkig~lhoeokp `oy gkyptueokpy kjk kçmjigldhoy pohy |uo `oy itçlkioy ije~pldhoy(

92

lhjty |uo ho ajtalgplmo ijkiotko ~tgkig~lhoeokp `oy gkyptueokpy kçmjigldhoy( pohy |uo hopptoy `o iblkmo( dghhopy î jt`to op itç`gp `jiueokplgto+

Ho ajtalgplmo ~jtpo yut uko youho op ukg|uo ptlkylipgjk lipuohho( lhjty |uo h-laaliputlmo  ~jtpo yut uk okyoedho `o itçlkioy ~tçyokpoy op auputoy gkyitgpoy `lky hl ije~pldghgpç `u qok`out+ @lky h-laaliputlmo( ho qok`out iâ`o pjupoy ju uko ~ltpgo `oy itçlkioy lu ioyygjkklgto( w ije~tgy hoy itçlkioy auputoy+ Hl ~toyplpgjk `o ijhhoipgjk `oy itçlkioy oyp pjufjuty ~tçquo ~lt ho ijkptlp `-laaliputlmo( lhjty |uo `lky ho ajtalgplmo( ioppo  ~toyplpgjk oyp jaaotpo gk`gtoipoeokp ~jut ibl|uo ptlkylipgjk algylkp h-jdfop `-uk ijkptlp+ @lky h-laaliputlmo( gh oyp ijutlkp `o ko ~ly agklkiot <>> / `o hl qlhout `oy itçlkioy op `o `ç`ugto uk iotplgk ejkplkp+ @lky ho ajtalgplmo( ho ~lgoeokp ~jtpo yut hl pjplhgpç `o hl qlhout ijutlkpo "hl qlhout î çibçlkio ejgky ho plur `-oyije~po'+

H-laaliputlmo ijkiotko `oy ptlkylipgjky lu ~hlk klpgjklh î ijutp op î ejwok poteo( plk`gy |uo ho ajtalgplmo oyp upghgyç oyyokpgohhoeokp ~jut `oy ptlkylipgjky ptlkyklpgjklhoy î ejwok op î hjkm poteo+ Io~ok`lkp( î h-bouto lipuohho( hoy ajtalgpouty libâpokp î oyije~po `lky `oy ptlkylipgjky î ijutp poteo |ug ~jtpokp ~tgkig~lhoeokp yut `oy  ~tj`ugpy `o dlyo+

Ok tâmho mçkçtlho( ho ajtalgplmo upghgyo ~tgkig~lhoeokp uk `jiueokp l~~ohç ho dghhop î jt`to |ug l hoy iltlipçtgypg|uoy yugqlkpoy6 ․ ․ ․ ↔ ↔ ↔

_ko ~tjeoyyo ~lt çitgp gkijk`gpgjkkohho "gttçqjildho'( çegyo ~lt uko ~otyjkko okqoty uko lupto( y-okmlmolkp î ~lwot6 î uko çibçlkio agro uko iotplgko yjeeo `-ltmokp î uko ~otyjkko `çygmkço ju î yjk jt`to( ju lu ~jtpout ju î yjk jt`to+

   H-laaliputlmo H- laaliputlmo op ho ajtalgplmo ajtalgplmo ok dtoa  dtoa 



Laaliputlmo

Ajtalgplmo

 ^jtpço mçjmtl~bg|uo

Ho ~huy yjuqokp gkpotko lur ~lwy `o Ho ~huy yjuqokp gkpotklpgjklho+ h-JI@O+ Çplkp `jkkç |uo hoy ptlkylipgjky ^jtp ^jtpço ço tohl tohlpgq pgqoeo oeokp kp hg hgeg egpç pçoo elgy elgy yjkp lqlkp pjup mltlkpgoy ~lt `oy  ~jyygdghgpçy itjgyylkpoy `o ~tlpg|uot   dlk|uoy( hl ~jyygdghgpç `o ijkihuto h-laaliputlmo `lky ho ijeeotio lqoi `oy eltibçy y-çpok` î uk mtlk` hoy ~lwy ok `çqohj~~oeokp+ kjedto `o ~lwy+

 ^tj`ugpy qgyçy

^tgkig~l g~lhoeokp `oy dgoky oky ijkyjeelpgjk op `oy yotqgioy+

97

`o ^jut ^jut uko uko hltmo hltmo ~ltp ~ltp(( `oy `oy dgok dgokyy `-ç| `-ç|ug ug~o ~oeo eokp kp "yju "yjuqo qokp kp `lky `lky ho il`t il`too `o mtlk mtlk`y `y ~tjf ~tjfopy opy'' op `oy `oy  ~tj`ugpy `o dlyo+

Plghho `u eltibç 

Laaliputlmo gkpotko 6 077 eghhglt`y Ibgaatoy ijkyjhg`çy `o `jhhlty _Y `gy~jkgdhoy+ Laal Laalip ipuutlmo tlmo gkpo gkpotk tklp lpgj gjkl klhh 6 eghhglt`y `o `jhhlty _Y "<772'

kjk

9< Hçmâto Hçmâtoeok eokpp ~hu ~huyy ge~ ge~jtp jtplkp lkp |uo h-laaliputlmo gkpotklpgjklh+

Pokout 

^tgkig~lhoeokp 9> î <2> fjuty ~jut  ^tgkig~lhoeokp < î = lky ~jut `oy `oy `oy ijk ijkptl ptlpy |ug ~tçq ~tçqjg jgok okpp uk ijkptlpy |ug ~tçqjgokp uk ~lgoeokp  ~lgoeokp ok uko ajgy+ çibohjkkç+

Ejkplkpy qgyçy ~lt hoy ijkptlpy

^tgk ^tgkig ig~l ~lho hoeo eokp kp 4>>> 4>>> î <>> <>> >>> >>> Ejkplkp egkgeue `o hl `jhhlty _Y+ ptlkyl ptlkylipgj ipgjk6 k6 <>>->> <>>->>>> `jh `jhhlt hltyy _Y lqoi `oy çibçlkioy gk`gqg`uohhoy Ejk Ejkplk plkp ejwok `oy ijkptlpy `o 4? >>> `jhhlty _Y+ gkpotklpgjklur `-laaliputlmo 6 47 >>> `jhhlty _Y+

  @ @çt çtju juhoe hoeok okpp tl~~jtp lur ijkptlpy

Okt  ~lt  ~l

tâmh tâmhoo mçkç mçkçtl tlho ho(( h-laal h-laalip iput utlm lmoo Ho ijkptlp oyp yjuqokp kçmjigç yut  ajkipgjkko yut hl dlyo `o ijkptlpy ju hl dlyo `-okmlmoeokpy lkpçtgouty `o tohlpgjky ijkptlipuohhoy orgyplkpy+ yjuy yjuyit itgp gpyy ~lt ~lt uko uko okpt okpto~ o~tgy tgyoo `o ajtalgplmo+

Jdfop `u ijkptlp 

Hoy Hoy ioyy ioyygj gjkk kklg lgto toyy ibot ibotib ibok okpp ok Hl ~hu~ltp `oy ptlkylipgjky ~jtpo mçkçtl mçkçtlhh î li|uçt li|uçtgt gt uk ~jutio ~jutiokpl kplmo mo yut uk youh ijkptlp+ çhoqç `oy itçlkioy `-uk qok`out+

Eltibç yoijk`lgto

Ptây ej`oypo( `u algp |uo hl ~hu~ltp Ge~jtplkp( `u algp |uo hoy itçlkioy `oy j~çtlp j~çtlpgjk gjkyy oyp to~tçy to~tçyokp okpço ço ~lt  yjkp kjtelhoeokp lqlhgyçoy op( `ây `oy aliputoy+ hjty( kçmjigldhoy+

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