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very useful for engineering students
Advantages and Disadvantages of a SERIES and PARALLEL circuit Circuit SERIES circuit
Advantages 1. Curr urrent ent in all all par parts of the circuit is the SAME. This causes the uls to light up !ith the sa"e rightness.
#.
PARALLEL circuit
The current in the circuit increases if "ore cells are connected.
Disadvantages 1. There is onl% one path path for for the &o! of elec electr tric ic cur current. ent. If a ul or la"p is urnt' othe otherr ul uls s !ill !ill not not light up.
#. Cell Cells s in serie series s do not last long.
$. All All cir circuit cuit co" co"pone ponent nts s are are cont contro roll lled ed % one one s!itch.
$. If "ore uls are added' the resistance in the circuit increases causing the elec electr tric ic cur current ent that that &o!s to decrease.
1. If one of the uls uls is urnt' the other uls continues to shine.
1. The voltag voltage e does does not increase or decrease if cells of the sa"e t%pe are connected in parallel.
#. Paralle arallell cell cells s last last longer. $. Each Each ul ul rece receive ives s th the e sa"e voltage that is supplied % the electric source.
#. The electr electric ic cur curre rent nt in the circuit is the sa"e even though "ore cells are connected in parallel.
Magnetism
A "agnet has # poles that are ()RT* pole and S)+T* pole. Li,e "agnetic poles repel one another. +nli,e "agnetic poles attract one another.
Materials that are attracted % "agnet are called "agnetic "aterials. E-a"ple iron nails' needles. Materials that are not attracted % "agnet are called non/"agnetic "aterials. E-a"ples plastic' glass' paper' !ood.
Magnetic 0eld "edan "agnet 2
A "agnetic 0eld is the space around a "agnet that gives the "agnetic e3ect. A "agnetic 0eld is STR)(4EST at the t!o poles of a "agnet. Magnetic 0eld patterns can e sho!n % using iron 0lings.
A "agnetic 0eld consists of "agnetic lines of force garis/garis da%a "agnet2.
**** magnetic lines of force do not meet, do not cut or cross one another.
All "agnetic lines of force have direction' point fro" the ()RT* pole to the S)+T* pole. A strong "agnet has "agnetic lines of force that are CL)SE together.
a2 All "agnetic lines of force do not cross one another. 2 All "agnetic lines of force point fro" the ()RT* pole to the S)+T* pole. c2 Magnetic lines of force 5oin if the poles are di3erent. This sho!s that unli,e "agnetic poles attract one another. d2 Magnetic lines of force do not 5oin if the poles are si"ilar. This sho!s that li,e "agnetic poles repel one another. e2 The neutral point in a "agnetic 0eld is the area !here i. Magnetic e3ect is not felt tida, dirasai 2 ii. There are no "agnetic lines of force iii. There is no in&uence on a co"pass needle.
+se of a "agnet in a co"pass
A "agnet is used in a co"pass to deter"ine direction. A co"pass needle !ill al!a%s point to the north pole of the Earth.
Electro"agnetis" / The pattern of the "agnetic 0eld that is produced % a straight !ire carr%ing electric current is circular in shape.
*** Right Hand Grip Rule ( Petua Genggaman angan !anan" Right *and 4rip Rule is used to deter"ine the direction of the "agnetic 0eld ased on the direction of the electric current &o!.
Dala" petua ini' da!ai perlu digengga" dengan tangan ,anan supa%a iu 5ari "enghala ,e arah pengaliran arus ele,tri, arus ele,tri, "engalir dari ter"inal positif ,e ter"inal negative 2. Leng,ungan 5ari %ang lain "enun5u,,an arah garis da%a "agnet.
Electro"agnet Electro"agnetis" is the stud% of the relationship et!een electricit% and "agnetis". An electro"agnet is a conductor that has characteristics si"ilar to a "agnet. An electro"agnet consists of a solenoid gegelung da!ai 2 that is !ound around a soft iron core teras esi 5ati 2
Soft iron is used ecause it is easier to e "agneti6ed and also easier to de"agneti6e !hen electric current stops &o!ing through it. 7hen electric current &o!s' the soft iron eco"es a "agnet. *o!ever' its "agnetis" !ill disappear !hen the electric current is cut o3. An electro"agnet also has t!o poles' the north pole and south pole.
The strength of the "agnetic 0eld in an electro"agnet can e increased % a2 Increasing the nu"er of turns of the solenoid. 2 Increasing the electric current that &o!s. c2 Reducing the dia"eter of the solenoid.
Electro"agnets are used in devices li,e telephones' telegraph "achines' electro"agnetic cranes' electric ells and car horns.
