STP 977
Advanced Triaxial Testing of Soil and Rock
Robert T. Donaghe, Ronald C. Chaney, and Marshall L. Silver, editors
II!
ASTM 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock/Robert T. Donaghe, Ronald C. Chaney, and Marshall L. Silver, editors. (STP; 977) "The symposium on advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock was presented at Louisville, Kentucky on 19-20 June 1986 sponsored by ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock"—Foreword. ASTM publication code number (PCN) 04-977000-38. Includes bibliographies and index. ISBN 0-8031-0983-0 1. Soils^Testing—Congresses. 2. Rocks—Testing—Congresses. I. Donaghe, Robert T. II. Chaney, Ronald C. III. Silver, Marshall L. IV. ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock. V. Title: Advanced Triaxial testing of soil and rock. VI. Series: ASTM special technical publication: 977 TA710.5.A38 1988 88-19070 624.1'5136'0287—dcl9 CIP
Copyright © by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1988
NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.
Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers. The authors addressed all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM Committee on Pubhcations. The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of these peer reviewers. The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM.
Printed in Baltimore November 1988
Foreword The symposium on Advanced Triaxial Testing of Soil and Rock was presented at Louisville, Kentucky on 19-20 June 1986 sponsored by ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock. Robert T. Donaghe, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Ronald C. Chaney, Humboldt State University, and Marshall L. Silver, University of Illinois, served as chairmen of the symposium and editors of the resulting publication.
T Overview
EQUIPMENT
State-of-the-Art Paper Some Recent Developments in tViaidal Testing Systems for Cohesionless Soils— FUMIO TATSUOKA
7
Flow Pump Applications in IViaxial Testing—HAROLD W. OLSEN, ROGER Hi MORIN, AND ROGER Wi NICHOLS
A Computer Controlled Hydraulic tViaxial Testing Systeih'^BRUCB Ic. MENZIES
68
82
An Automated TriAnitA Testing System—x. s. LU CLARENCE K. CHAN, AND C. K. S H E N
Microcomputer-Based Data Acquisition Systems for iWaxial Testing of Soft Yielding Rocks—MALCOLM REEVES
95
107
A Stress- ahd Strain-Contrdlled Monotonic and Cyclic Loading System— Y. p. VAID, D. N E G U S S E Y , AND M. Z E R O O U N
119
A 300-nun-Diameter Triaxial Cell with a Double Measuring Device-^ JEAN-MlCHfiL D U P A S , ALAIN PECKER, PIERRE BOZETTO, AND JEAN-JACQUES FRY
132
Simultaneous Hydraulic/Physical Parameter Measuremrat on Rock Specimens Subjected to IViaxial Conditions—FRED A. DONATM, JON T. HOLDER, AND LESTER S. FRUTH
iViaxial Testing of Intact Salt Rocks: Pressure Control, Pressure Systenks, Cell and Frame Design—JAMES R. BALESHTA AND MAURICE B. DUSSEAULT
143
155
Relationship Between Tensile and Compressive Strengths of Compacted Soils— JOHN F. PETERS AND DANlEL A. LEAVELL
169
Influence of Filter Paper and Leakage on iViaxial testitig—-SERGE LEROUEIL, FRANCOIS TAVENAS, PIERRE La ROCHELLE, AND MiCHEL TREMBLAY
189
MeiKurement of Deformations in the Standard TViaxial Environment witli a Comparison of Local Versus Global Measurements on a Fine, Fully Drained Sand—PAUL FERGUSON LINTON, MICHAEL C. MCVAY, AND DAVID BLOOMOUIST
202
TEST METHODS
State-of-the-Art Paper A Reevaluation of Conventional Triaxial Test Methods—GUALTIERO BALDI, DAVID W. MIGHT, AND GREGORY E. THOMAS
State-of-the-Art Paper Triaxial Testing Methods for Soils—SUZANNE LACASSE AND TORALV BERRE
219
264
IViaxial Testing of Granular Soil Under Elevated Cell Pressure— JEAN LOUIS COLLIAT-DANGUS, JACQUES DESRUES, AND PIERRE FORAY
290
Consolidated Drained IViaxial Testing of Piecbnont Residual Soil— PHILIP C. LAMBE AND WILLIAM T. HEARTZ
311
Triaxial Relaxation Tests on a Soft Clay—^VINCENT SILVESTRI, MICHEL SOULIE, ZIAD T O U C H A N , A N D BERNARD FAY
321
Triaxial Testing of Marine Sediments with High Gas Contents—GRETCHEN RAU AND RONALD C. CHANEY
338
Results and Interpretation of Multistage TMaxial Compression Tests— MAURIZIO SORANZO
353
Application of Multistage TMaxial Test to Kuwaiti Soils—HAMED S. SAEEDY AND MOHAMMED A. MOLLAH
363
Triaxial Testing of Weak Rocks Including the Use of IViaxial Extension Tests— P E T E R J. MILLAR AND DAVID R. MURRAY
376
Triaxial Permeability and Strei^h Testing of Contaminated Soils— JEFFREY C. EVANS AND HSAl-YANG FANG
Preparation of Reconstituted Sand Specimens—Y. P. VAID AND D. NEGUSSEY
387
405
TEST INTERPRETATION AND ERRORS
State-of-the-Art Paper IViaxial Testing of Saturated Cohesive Soils—JOHN T. GERMAINE AND CHARLES C. LADD
421
Determination of Undrained Shear Strength of Low Plasticity Oays— JOHN F. PETERS
460
Cyclic Triaxial Strain-Controlled Testing of Liquefiable Sands— MLADEN VUCETIC AND RICARDO DOBRY
475
TYiaxial Test for Embankment Dams: Interpretation and Validity— HEDI DENDANI, ETIENNE FLAVIGNY, AND JEAN JACQUES FRY
486
Compression and Shear Deformation of Soil Under Wide-Ranging Confining Pressure—RYOSUKE KITAMURA AND MOTOHISA HARUYAMA
501
Interpretation of Triaxial Compression Test Results on Partially Saturated Soils— RICHARD W. PETERSON
512
New Concept of Effective Stress in Unsaturated Soil and Its Proving Test— DAIZO KARUBE
539
Probabilistic Characterization of Shear Strength Parameters Using TMaxial Test Data—PINNADUWA H. S. W. KULATILAKE
553
Interpretation of Triaxial Test Results of Cohesionless Soils: A New Model— GILBERT Y. BALADI AND THOMAS T. H. WU
567
Pore-Pressure Distributions in Constant Strain-Rate Triaxial Tests— WILLIAM Z. SAVAGE
582
Pore Pressure Response of an Undisturbed and Reconstituted Anglian Till in Undrained TYiaxial Compression—JOHN ANTHONY LITTLE
592
Shear Band Formation in Triaxial and Plane Strain Tests—JOHN P. PETERS, POUL V. LADE, AND ANDERS BRO
604
Effects of Sampling Disturbance on Shear Strength of Glacial Till and Compacted Fill—DANIEL P. D I E T Z L E R , D E V I N A. MOOSE, AND JEFFREY C. SCHUH
Influence of Specimen Preparation Techniques and Testing Procedures on Undrained Steady State Shear Strength—NORMAN D. DENNIS
628
642
TViaxial Compressive and Extension Strength of Sand Affected by Strength Anisotropy and Sample Slenderness—WOON-KWAN LAM AND FUMIO TATSUOKA
655
The Influence of Filter Strip Shape on Consolidated Unch-ained Triaxial Extension Test Results—TOSHIYUKI MITACHI, YUKIHIRO KOHATA, AND Y U T A K A K U D O H
667
The Effect of End Restraint on Volume Change and Particle Breakage of Sands in TViaxial Tests—TZOU-SHIN UENG, YEONG-MING TZOU, AND CHUNG-JUNG LEE
679
Effects of End Conditions on Triaxial Compressive Strength for Cohesionless Soil—SATOSHI GOTO AND FUMIO TATSUOKA
692
Effects of Height-to-Diameter Ratio in IViaxial Specimens on the Beliavior of Cross-Anisotropic Sand—POUL V. LADE AND UZAIR WASIF
706
Observational Approach to Membrane and Area Corrections in IViaxial Tests— PIERRE La ROCHELLE, S. LEROUEIL, B. TRAK, L. BLAIS-LEROUX, AND F. TAVENAS
715
Stress Path Considerations in Multistage IViaxial Testing— MARK R. SCHOENEMANN AND MARVIN R. PYLES
732
NEW TEST VARIETIES
State-of-the-Art Paper Cubical Devices: Versatility and Constraints—J. R. F. ARTHUR
743
State-of-the-Art Paper Hollow Cylinder Torsional Devices: Their Advantages and Limitations— ADEL S. SAADA
Discussion
766
790
The Cambridge TVue TViaxial Apparatus—DAVID W. AIREY AND DAVID M. WOOD
796
A TVue Triaxial Cell for Soil and Rock—PAUL MICHELIS
806
A True TViaxial Testing Cell—VINCENT SILVESTRI, RAYMOND N. YONO, AND ABDEL MOSHEN ONSY MOHAMED
819
True Triaxial Test of Rock Under Stress and Strain Rate Control— T E T S U R O E S A K I , T S U Y O S H I K I M U R A , K A Z U O A O K I , A N D T A D A S H I NISHIDA
834
A Nevf Independent Principal Stress Control Apparatus—AKITOSHI MOCHIZUKI, M A S A T O M I K A S A , AND SHINICHI TAKAHASHI
844
Special Stress Paths Along the Limit Surface of a Sand Specimen with the Use of a TVue TViaxial Apparatus—JACK LANIER
859
Index
871
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