Advanced Korean Ross King Lesson 1

Advanced Korean Ross King lesson 1

지난 겨울, 춘천 근처에 있는 청평사에 놀러 갔을 때에 있었던 일이다. 평일인데다가 소양댐에서 첫배를 탔기 때문에 청평사로 가는 사람이 나 말고는 아 무도 없었다. 그런데 5 분쯤 올라가다 보니 앞에 한 남자가 걸어가고 있는 것이 보였 다. 나는 전날 그 근처에서 묵은 여행객일 거라고 생각했다. 그 사람도 내가 따라오고 있 는 것을 느꼈는지 뒤를 돌아다보았다. 그리고는 내가 자기보다 앞서 갈까 봐 걸음을 재촉하는 것이었다. 호기심이 생겨서 내가 열심히 따라갔더니 그 사람은 더 빨리 걷 는 것이었다. 나는 도대체 그 사람이 왜 그러는지 알 수가 없었다. 그런데 잠시 후 아직 문을 열지 않은 청평사 매표소가 나타났을 때 의문이 풀렸다. 그 사람은 거기서 표를 파는 사람이었다. NEW VOCABULARY Vocabulary from the Main Text

춘천(春川)

Ch’unch’ŏn (place name)

청평사(淸平 Ch’ŏngp’yŏng Temple 寺) 평일(平日)

working day, weekday

평일(平日)에 on weekdays 소양댐

Soyang Dam

첫배

the first boat

나 말고는

except for / other than me; besides me

전(前)날

the previous day

묵–

spend the night; lodge; put up at

여행(旅行)

traveling; journey, trip

여행(을) 하– travel 여행객(旅行 traveler 客) 느끼–

feel; sense

돌아다보–

turn around and look, look back, look behind oneself

그리고는

and then; after which; after that

앞서

in advance of, ahead of

앞서 가–

go ahead of, precede

걸음

one’s steps; one’s pace; gait; walking (nominal form in the two-shape ending –(으) ㅁ from 걷다, 걸어요)

재촉(을) 하– urge on; urge (sb or sth) to hurry up; here: hasten (one’s steps) 호기심(好奇 curiosity 心) 매표소(賣票 ticket office; ticket booth 所) 표(票)

ticket

나타나–

appear

의문(疑問)

doubt

의문이 풀리– one’s doubts are dispelled, removed, cleared away Vocabulary from the Example Sentences 서두르–

rush; rush about

그녀

she (formal / written)

넘어지–

fall down; slip and fall; fall over

늘

always; constantly

꼭대기

summit, peak

내용(內容)

contents

알아들– (알아듣 understand, catch (sth said) 다) 즐거 w– (즐겁

be enjoyable, fun

다) 낡–

be old (things / objects); old and worn out

고장(故障)(이) break; break down 나– 경제적(經濟的) economical 경제(經濟)

economy

안전(安全)하– be safe 안전(安全)

safety

집들이

housewarming (party / celebration)

한꺼번에

all at once; in one go; in one breath; in one stroke

모자라–

be not enough; be insufficient (NB: processive)

당황(唐慌)하– be confused; feel at a loss as to what to do; be flustered, bewildered (NB: processive) 장소(場所)

place; venue

자꾸

continually; all the time; keep on ...–ing

이해(理解) (가) “get it”; understand 되– 이해(理解)

understanding

이해(理解)(를) understand 하– 비결(秘訣)

the secret, key, or knack to sth; the “trick”

비밀(秘密)

secret you might tell sb

첫눈에 반하–

fall in love at first sight (“at first eye”)

정(情)(이) 드– grow fond of, attached to ㄹ– (들다)

(“affection enters”); come to love sb (but not necessarily romantically)

게으르–

be lazy

요즘

lately

고민 (苦悶)

anguish; worry; mental agony

고민(을) 하–

worry, agonize over

연락(連絡)(을) contact; get in contact with 하– 출장(出張)(을) go away on an official trip; go away on business 가– 출장(出張)

official trip; business trip

살(이) 빠지–

lose weight

유명(有名)하– be famous 아무렇게나

any old which way, in any manner

성격(性格) [–

character; personality

껵] 어울리–

(people) get along with, go well together; (clothes) go well with, match; be appropriate for; suit

더러 w– (더럽

be dirty, filthy, unkempt

다) 늦잠(을) 자–

sleep late; sleep in

길(이) 막히–

road is blocked, jammed (with traffic), congested

도착(到着)(을) arrive at; reach 하– 취직(就職)

getting / landing a job; finding employment

취직(을) 하–

get / find a job

시험(試驗)에 붙 “stick to,” i.e., pass an exam – 시험에 떨어지– fail an exam 바닷가

the seaside

가 버리–

leave; take off; get up and go

흉(을) 보–

speak ill of; disparage; criticize; run down

계속(繼續)

continuously

Vocabulary from the Exercises 갑자기

suddenly

안색(顔色)

complexion; the color of one’s face

보고서(報告書)

written report

병(이) 나–

get sick (not to be confused with 병(이) 나(ㅅ)–, 나아: sickness gets better)

지루하–

be boring

다치–

hurt oneself

생각(이) 나–

recall; sth comes to mind

화(火)(가) 나–

get angry

인기(人氣)(가) 있 be popular (used with – [인끼]

people)

걸어 다니–

go about / attend on foot; walk around

요리(料理)

cooking; cuisine; dish or main course

솜씨

skill or dexterity (usually involving the hands)

기침(을) 하–

cough

부(ㅅ)– (붓다, 부 swell, swell up 어) 버리–

discard, throw away

새벽

dawn; daybreak

승객(乘客)

a passenger

시청(市廳)

city hall

잃어버리–

lose sth

반말

Intimate or Plain Style speech

존댓말 [존댄말]

Polite or Formal Style speech

다행(多幸)

great fortune

다행(多幸)이에요 It is a great fortune; it is fortunate 다행히(도)

fortunately; as good luck would have it

지갑(紙匣)

wallet; pocketbook; purse

두고 오–

leave sth behind (usually by accident)

그대로

just as it is / was; intact; just as you are

다이어트(를) 하– diet; go on a diet

PATTERNS

1.

Startling Close-ups with –더니

The one-shape ending –더니 is a kind of “zoom shot” ending which has the effect of zooming in like a camera on what is to be said in the following clause, which is usually about something startling or interesting. It can attach to Past Bases (in which the subject cannot be second-person “you” and is usually first-person “I” or “we”) or to Plain Bases (in which case the subject is usually not in the first person). ㄹ-extending bases like 사–ㄹ– (살다) live and 파–ㄹ– (팔다) sell retain their –ㄹ–. Here are some examples (taken from the Yonsei 『외국인을 위한 한국어문법』): 1. 친구가 가자는 대로 갔더니 노래방이었어요. I went along with my friend, as requested, and it turned out to be a karaoke room. 2. 금방 결혼할 것처럼 서두르더니 아직 소식이 없죠? They were rushing headlong into an imminent marriage—still no news? 3. 과일에 채소까지 샀더니 너무 무거워. I bought vegetables in addition to the fruit, and now [my bag] is too heavy.

4. 덥더니 비가 오는구먼. It was hot, but now it’s raining! 5. 대학에 입학했나 했더니 어느새 졸업이군요. I was thinking maybe she had just entered college, but [whadda ya know—] she’s graduating already! 6. 음식을 만들어다가 친구한테 주었더니 좋아하던데요. I made some food and took it to my friend, and [whadda ya know—] he liked it! 7. 연습을 열심히 했더니 이젠 잘 해요. We practiced hard, and [whadda ya know—] now we’re pretty good. 8. 수미 씨는 열심히 공부하더니 시험을 잘 봤어요. Sumi studied hard, and [now—whadda ya know—] she did well on her test. 9. 그녀가 편지를 읽더니 울기 시작했습니다. She was reading the letter, and then [—whadda ya know—] she started crying. 10. 그 애가 과식을 하더니 배탈이 난 모양이죠. He was eating too much, so now [—whadda ya know—] it seems he has a stomach ache. 2.

Transferentive –다(가)

Transferentive verb forms, with the ending –다 (optionally followed by 가), indicate a shift or transfer in action—either a change of the verb action itself, of its direction, or of the recipient of its benefit. Attached to a Plain Base, the ending makes the form mean when soand-so happens, which is then followed by another action that interrupts, transfers, or shifts the trend of the first situation to that of the second situation. (It is not specified by the construction alone whether the original action is later resumed.) Attached to a Past Base, the past transferentive form –었다(가) conveys the meaning when so-and-so happened or something came full circle, and then, followed by a verb that tells of something contradictory or unanticipated that happened right after the first action indicated by the past transferentive form. 11. 어디 갔다 오셨어요? Where have you been? 12. 뛰어가다가 넘어졌어요. He was running and then fell down. 13. 아이가 울다가 잤어요. The baby cried itself to sleep. 14. 아기가 자다가 깨서 기분이 안 좋은 것 같아요. The baby woke up from a [deep] sleep, and doesn’t seem to be in a good mood.

15. 시장에 가다가 우체국에 들렀어요. We stopped at the post office on the way to the market. 16. 시장에 갔다가 우체국에 들를까요? Shall we go to the market [first] and then drop by the post office? 17. 삼 개월 전에 새 컴퓨터를 샀다가 팔았습니다. Three months ago I bought a new computer but then sold it [again]. 18. 준비를 하시다가 질문이 있으시면 언제든지 전화하십시오. If, in the course of preparing, you [suddenly] have any questions, call me any time. 19. 사무실에서 다른 걸 찾다가 만 원짜리를 하나 찾았어요. I was looking for something in the office when I found a 10,000-wŏn note. Another construction involving transferentive forms employs two such forms, of opposite or contrasting meaning (either in the present or, more commonly, in the past) rounded off by a form of 하–, 해요 or 그러–, 그래요. This construction means that the two actions keep interrupting each other. For example: 20. 편지를 썼다가 지웠다가 했어요. Going back and forth, I wrote a letter, and then erased it. 21. 달은 한 달마다 커지다가 작아지다가 해요. or 달은 한 달마다 커졌다가 작아졌다가 해요.

The moon waxes and wanes each month. or The moon gets bigger and smaller each month. 22. 시장에 갔다 우체국에 갔다 해서 저녁이 늦어지면 어떻게 해요? What will we do if dinner is late because of our going to the market and [going] to the post office and so on? 23. 이 하나가 늘 아팠다 괜찮았다 그래요. One of my teeth aches on and off. 24. 불을 켰다가 껐다가 그러지 말아요! Stop turning the lights on and off ! It is important not to confuse the past-tense transferentive form 갔다 (가) went, and then... with the abbreviation 갖다(가)←가져다(가) carry / bring and then [shift ] as seen here: 25. 이 국을 할아버지께 갖다 드려요. Take this soup and give it to Grandfather. The form 갖다(가) conveys the meaning take and shift [the position of]. Thus, 갖다 주십시오 means Please bring it to me, a useful expression when ordering food in a restaurant. The transferentive form 있다(가), meaning stays [for a while] and then, is the etymological source for the adverb 이따(가), which means in a little while or later on. Here are more examples of transferentive forms:

On Plain Bases: 26. 어제는 수학 선생님의 강의를 듣다가 잤어요. Yesterday, I was listening to the math teacher’s lecture and fell asleep. 27 길을 걸어가다가, 피곤해서 버스를 탔어요. While I was walking along the street, I got tired and got on a bus. On Past Bases: 28. 대사관에 갔다 왔어요. I’ve been to the embassy. [I went to the embassy and then came back.] 29. 갔다가 바로 오세요. Come right back! 30. 싼 것을 샀다가 비싼 것으로 바꿨어요. I bought a cheap one, but exchanged it for an expensive one. Repeated Actions: 31. 사람들이 들어왔다 나갔다 하네요. People keep coming in and going out. 32. 수저를 그렇게 들었다 놓았다 하지 말아요! Stop picking up and putting down your spoon and chopsticks like that!

33. 비가 오다 말다 하네요. It’s raining on and off. [It keeps raining and then stopping.] The last example shows that you can use the auxiliary 마–ㄹ– (말다) desist (which is often put after Suspective –지) to make negative commands and suggestions when you want to use a negative form of the same verb instead of using a completely different second verb. Another example: 34. 비가 오다 말았어요. It started to rain and then stopped. 3. On top of ...–ing, [what’s more...] with –(으)ㄴ / –는데다(가) First, it would be useful to learn the following adverb: 그런데다(가) on top of that; what’s more; to make matters worse. This pattern combines the circumstantial pattern –(으)ㄴ데, –는데 with the transferentive particle –에다(가). This transferentive particle emphasizes or calls attention to a shift in time, action, or space. Here the composite meaning of the ending –(으)ㄴ데 / –는데 plus the particle –에다( 가) can be described as on top of / in addition to the circumstance, [SHIFT—something else unexpected or noteworthy happens]. (Note that you never see the –에 and have to imagine that it is hiding, or has been sucked into the 데.) 3 A 왜 꼭대기까지 올라가지 않았습니까? 5. : Why didn’t you go up to the summit? B 바람이 많이 부는데다가 눈까지 와서 꼭대기까지 올라갈 수 없었습니다.

: On top of there being lots of wind, it was snowing, so we couldn’t go up to the summit. 3 A 강의 내용을 많이 알아들었습니까? 6. : Did you understand much of the contents of the lecture? B 말을 빨리 하는데다가 어려운 단어를 많이 써서 알아듣기 힘들었습니다. : In addition to talking [too] fast, she used a lot of difficult words, so it was difficult to understand. 3 A 여행 즐거웠습니까? 7. : Was your trip enjoyable? B 버스가 낡은데다가 에어컨이 고장 나서 고생을 많이 했습니다. : On top of the bus being old and decrepit, the air-conditioning was broken, so I had a really tough time. 3 A 무슨 차를 사는 게 좋겠습니까? 8. : What kind of car would be best to buy? B 모닝이 경제적인데다가 안전하니까 모닝을 사십시오. : In addition to being economical, the Morning is [also] safe, so buy a Morning. 3 A 집들이 잘 했습니까? 9. :

Did you have a successful housewarming party? B 손님이 한꺼번에 온데다가 음식이 모자라서 애를 많이 먹었습니다. : On top of the guests coming all at once, we were short of food, so I had a tough time. 4 A 앨버트 씨 한국말 많이 늘었지요? 0. : Albert’s Korean has improved a lot, hasn’t it? B 네, 머리도 좋은데다가 열심히 하니까 금방 느는 것 같습니다. : Yes. On top of being smart, he [also] works hard, so he seems to

4.

improve right away. If / when one tries doing it over a period of time, then [the next thing one knows]... with –다(가) 보니

This pattern is a combination of the transferentive pattern plus the sequential pattern –(으)니(까) with the verb 보– see (functioning more like the auxiliary 보– in the exploratory pattern –어 보– does it [to check out what it’s like]; does it [and takes stock aft er giving it a try]). This pattern is encountered much more oft en as –다 보니 than as –다가 보니. Note that the pattern can occur with descriptive verbs, too, where the meaning is more along the lines of reflecting (보니) on this [descriptive] state of affairs, I find that... 4 A 약속 장소를 금방 찾았습니까? 1. : Were you able to find the meeting place right away? B 네, 버스에서 내려서 조금 걸어가다(가) 보니 보였습니다. :

Yes. I saw it [it was visible] after I got off the bus and walked a bit. 4 A 이 책 어렵지요? 다 이해했습니까? 2. : This book is difficult, isn’t it? Did you understand all of it? B 네, 처음에는 너무 어려워서 이해할 수 없었는데 자꾸 읽다 보니 이해가 되었 : 습니다. Yes. At first it was very difficult so I wasn’t able to understand it, but after I kept reading it, I got it. 4 A 왜 이렇게 늦었습니까? 3. : Why are you so late? B 친구들하고 얘기하다 보니 늦었습니다. : I was talking with my friends, and [before I knew it] I was late. 4 A 한국말이 많이 늘었네요. 무슨 비결이 있습니까? 4. : Your Korean has improved a lot! Is there some sort of secret? B 한국 사람하고 자주 이야기하다 보니 늘었습니다. : I have been talking frequently with Koreans, and [before I knew it] I improved. 4 A 첫눈에 반해서 결혼했습니까? 5. : Did you get married aft er falling in love at first sight? B 아니요. 자꾸 만나다 보니 정이 들어서 결혼했습니다.

: No. We got together often, and [next thing we knew] we grew fond of each other and got married. 4

제가 게으르다 보니 전화도 못했네요.

6. I’m so lazy I didn’t even get around to calling. 5. Perhaps because... with –(으)ㄴ지, –는지 This is the oblique question pattern –(으)ㄴ지, –는지 used in an idiomatic way. The best way to understand this pattern is as an abbreviation of the longer –(으)ㄴ지, –는지[도] [모르지만]... maybe / perhaps is, does, did. This pattern means Perhaps it is a question of... or Perhaps because... [but I don’t really know]. More idiomatically, it expresses It might /must be the case that… (followed by the result or situation which has led one to this supposition). 4 A 준호 일어났습니까? 7. : Is Chunho up? B 오늘은 수업이 없는지 일어나지 않습니다. : Maybe he doesn’t have class today—he’s not getting up. 4 A 요즘 정민이 왜 저래요? 8. : Why is Chŏngmin like that lately? B 글쎄요. 무슨 고민이 있는지 웃지를 않습니다. :

Good question. She must have something on her mind—she doesn’t smile. 4 A 영호 씨가 요즘 바쁜지 연락을 안 합니다. 9. : Yŏngho must be busy lately—he hasn’t been in touch. B 영호 씨 출장 간 거 모르십니까? : You didn’t know that Yŏngho had gone away on a business trip? 5 A 철민이 뭐 합니까? 0. : What’s Ch’ŏlmin doing? B 여행을 가려고 하는지 여행 가방에 이것저것 넣고 있습니다. : He must be getting ready to travel or something, as he’s putting this and that into his travel bag. 5 A 수잔 한국말 많이 늘었습니까? 1. : Has Susan’s Korean improved a lot? B 아니요, 그동안 한국말을 안 썼는지 전보다 더 못하는 것 같았습니다. : No. She must not have used Korean for a while—her Korean seems worse than before. 5 A 요즘 경호 보셨습니까? 2. : Have you seen Kyŏngho lately? B 아까 만났는데 그 동안 어디 아팠는지 살이 많이 빠졌던데요.

: I met him just a short while ago; he must have been sick recently, because he’s lost a lot of weight. 6. No... at all with 아무...도 and any... at all with 아무...(이)나 The pattern 아무 NOUN 도 means no NOUN at all (the option of any other NOUN is closed off ). On the other hand, the pattern 아무 NOUN(이)나 means any NOUN at all (the options are open ended, and any and every NOUN is a possibility). There are two slight tricks with these patterns. The first is that the default NOUN is person. Thus, 아 무도 (with no NOUN tucked in between 아무 and 도) followed by a negative verb means nobody at all, and 아무나 (with no NOUN tucked in between 아무 and 나) means anybody at all. The second is that the particles 도 and (이)나 that bracket these patterns actually bracket everything—including any relevant particles. Thus, in the example sentence below, [I never fought] with anybody is 아무하고도, with the particle 하고 tucked in between 아무 and 도. See below for more examples. 53. 나는 지금까지 아무하고도 싸워 본 적이 없습니다. I have never fought with anybody until now. 54. 내가 왔을 때 여기에 아무도 없었습니다. There was nobody here when I came. 55. 아침부터 지금까지 아무것도 못 먹었습니다. I haven’t eaten a thing since morning until now.

56. 아직 아무한테도 말 안 했습니다. I haven’t told anybody yet. 57. 열심히 찾았지만 아무데도 없습니다. I searched high and low, but it was nowhere [to be found]. 58. 아무 데서나 담배를 피우면 안 됩니다. One shouldn’t smoke just anywhere [i.e., one shouldn’t smoke in any old, arbitrary place—there are designated areas for this!]. (This would be said to somebody as a way of scolding them for smoking somewhere they shouldn’t.) 59. 유명한 식당이니까 근처에 와서 아무한테나 물어 보십시오. It’s a well-known restaurant, so ask anybody once you get close [to the vicinity]. 60. 아무렇게나 하십시오. Do as you please. [Do it any way you please.] 61. 배가 고프니까 아무 것이나 먹을 것을 주십시오. I’m hungry, so please give me something to eat—anything at all. 62. 가고 싶은 사람은 아무나 다 가도 됩니다. Anybody [at all] who wants to go—[all] can go. 63. 정아는 성격이 좋아서 아무하고나 잘 어울립니다. Chŏng’a has such a pleasant personality, she gets along well with anybody.

64. 바지가 더러워지니까 아무 데나 앉지 마십시오. Your trousers will get dirty, so don’t just sit any-old-where. [Be careful where you sit!] 65. 항상 집에 있으니까 아무 때나 전화하십시오. I’m always at home, so call any time. 7. For fear that / lest... with –(으)ㄹ까 봐(서) The best way to understand this pattern is as an abbreviation of the longer –(으)ㄹ까 봐(서) 걱정 했는데... was worried that / lest [something untoward might happen]. 66. 손님이 생각보다 많이 왔습니다. More guests came than I had expected. 음식이 모자랄까 봐 걱정을 많이 했습니다. I was really worried that there might not be enough food. 67. 늦잠을 잤습니다. I slept late. 회사에 늦을까 봐 걱정했는데 길이 안 막혀서 일찍 도착했습니다. I was worried that I might be late to the office, but the roads weren’t congested, so I arrived early. 68. 취직 시험에 붙었습니다. I passed the company entrance examination.

그동안 시험에 떨어질까 봐 걱정을 많이 했습니다. I was worried for a while that I might fail the exam. 69. 바닷가에 왔습니다. We arrived at the seaside. 낮에는 덥지만 밤에는 추울까 봐 두꺼운 옷을 가지고 왔습니다. I brought thick clothes for fear that it might be hot in the daytime but cold at night. 70. 약속 시간에 30 분이나 늦었습니다. I was a good thirty minutes late for the appointment. 친구가 가 버렸을까 봐 걱정을 했는데 기다리고 있었습니다. I was afraid that my friend would have taken off [already], but she was waiting for me. 71. 선영이 흉을 보는데 어떤 사람이 계속 쳐다봅니다. Some person kept [keeps] staring at me when I was saying critical things about Sŏnyŏng. 선영이를 아는 사람일까 봐 걱정이 되었습니다. I was worried that it might be somebody who knew [knows] her. EXERCISES Exercise 1: Reading Comprehension Write out answers to the following questions.

1. 나는 언제, 어디에 놀러 갔습니까? 2. 청평사에 가는 사람이 많이 있었습니까? 왜 그랬습니까? 3. 나는 앞에 가는 남자가 어떤 사람일 거라고 생각했습니까? 4. 그 사람은 나를 보고 어떻게 했습니까? 5. 내가 열심히 따라갔더니 그 사람은 어떻게 했습니까? 6. 앞에 가던 사람은 무엇을 하는 사람이었습니까? 7. 그 사람은 왜 나보다 먼저 가려고 했습니까? Exercise 2: Practice with –더니 The clauses in the following sentences are joined with –었는데. Replace –었는데 with either –더니 or –었더니 as appropriate and translate the resulting sentences into English. 1. 하루 종일 날이 흐렸는데 저녁부터 비가 내리기 시작했습니다. 2. 며칠 잠을 못 잤는데 좀 피곤하네요. 3. 어제 저녁을 많이 먹었는데 배가 아파요. 4. 오랜만에 만났는데 많이 컸더라. 5. 어제는 추웠는데 오늘은 덥네요. 6. 어젠 전화 목소리가 힘이 없었는데 오늘은 기분이 많이 좋아진 것 같네요. 7. (네가) 빵을 사 왔는데 왜 (네가) 밥을 먹니? 8. (내가) 빵을 사 왔는데 왜 (네가) 밥을 먹니? 9. (내가) 수미를 오랜만에 만났는데 못 알아보겠어. 10. (네가) 수미를 오랜만에 만났는데 할 이야기가 그렇게 많았니? Exercise 3: Practice with –다(가) Each item below contains two sentences. Link the two sentences together with the transferentive –다 (가), to show the meaning someone does or did something, and

then... [shift ]. Then translate the resulting sentence. For example, the first one would be 로비에서 한 시간 기다리다가 그냥 갔어요. I waited for an hour in the reception room and then left . 1. 로비에서 한 시간 기다렸어요. 그냥 갔어요. 2. 밥을 먹었어요. 갑자기 안색이 이상해졌어요. 3. 젓가락을 썼어요. 포크로 바꿨어요. 4. 밤 늦게까지 보고서를 썼어요. 잤어요. 5. 버스에서 내렸어요. 넘어졌어요. 6. 생선만 며칠 동안 먹었어요. 병이 났어요. 7. 뉴스를 봤어요. 너무 지루해서 텔레비전을 그냥 껐어요. 8. 집에 갔어요. 도서관에 들러야겠어요. 9. 학교에 왔어요. 영진 씨를 만났어요. 10. 비가 왔어요. (갑자기 그쳤어요) 11. 한국에서 회사에 다녔어요. 캐나다에 왔습니다. 12. 도서관에 갔어요. 친구를 만났어요. 13. 사무실을 청소했어요. 이 사진을 찾았어요. 14. 운동을 했어요. 다리를 다쳤어요. 15. 음악을 들었어요. 여자친구 생각이 났어요. Exercise 4: Practice with –(으)ㄴ / –는데다(가) Answer the following questions using the pattern –(으)ㄴ / –는데다(가). 1. 모임이 재미있었습니까? 2. 가방 샀습니까? 3. 이 식당에는 언제나 이렇게 손님이 많습니까?

4. 영진 씨, 어제 왜 그렇게 화가 났습니까? 5. 수미 씨는 왜 그렇게 친구들한테 인기가 있습니까? 6. 앨버트 씨 한국말 많이 늘었지요? Exercise 5: Practice with –다 보니 Answer the following questions with a verb form–다 보니. 1. A: B: 2. A: B: 3. A: B: 4. A: B: 5. A: B: 6. A: B:

왜 이렇게 늦었습니까? ____________________________________________. 어떻게 해서 테니스를 이렇게 잘 치게 되었습니까? ____________________________________________. 어떻게 여기까지 오게 되었습니까? ____________________________________________. 요즘 회사까지 걸어 다니십니까? ____________________________________________. 선영 씨, 요리 솜씨가 많이 늘었습니다. ____________________________________________. 수미 씨, 살이 많이 빠진 것 같습니다. ____________________________________________.

Exercise 6: Practice with –(으)ㄴ지, –는지 Fill in the blanks below with an appropriate form or clause –(으)ㄴ지 or –는지. 1. A: B: 2. A: B: 3. A: B: 4. A: B: 5. A: B: 6. A: B:

준영 씨 오늘 이상하지요? 네, _____________________________ 말을 안 합니다. 선주가 요즘도 자주 전화합니까? 아니요, __________________________. 영호가 오늘은 일찍 자네요. __________________________ 저녁을 먹자마자 잡니다. 경선 씨하고 창민 씨가 요즘 안 만나는 것 같지요? __________________________ 안 만나는 것 같습니다. 아까 선영 씨를 만났습니다. 그런데 __________________________ 자꾸 기침을 했습니다. 선미 씨한테 안 좋은 일이 있습니까? __________________________ 눈이 많이 부었던데요.

Exercise 7: Practice with 아무 Fill in the blanks below with an appropriate phrase using either 아무...도 or 아무... (이)나. 1. 하루 종일 _______________________ 못 먹었습니다. 2. 비밀이니까 _______________________ 말하지 마십시오. 3. 계속 집에 있을 거니까 __________________ 전화하십시오. [“anytime”] 4. 내일 우리 집에 오고 싶은 사람은 _____________________ 다 오십시오. 5. _______________________ 휴지를 버리면 안 됩니다. 6. 새벽에 버스를 탔더니 승객이 나 말고는 _________________ 없었습니다. 7. 나는 지금까지 _______________________ 싸워 본 적이 없습니다. 8. 이 근처에 있는 커피숍은 다 괜찮으니까 _____________________ 갑시다. 9. 그 식당은 유명하니까 그 근처에 가서 _______________________ 물어 보면 가 르쳐 줄 겁니다. 10. 죄송합니다. 시간이 없어서 _______________________ 했습니다. [“any old which way”] 11. 열쇠를 잃어버려서 집안을 샅샅이 찾아보았지만 _______________________ 없 었습 니다. 12. 영민아, _______________________ 반말을 하면 안 돼. Exercise 8: Practice with –(으)ㄹ까 봐(서) Why were you worried? Fill in the blanks below using an appropriate form–(으)ㄹ까 봐(서). 1. 손님이 많이 와서 _______________. 2. ___________________ 이겨서 다행입니다. 3. 오늘 시험이 있어서 어제 밤을 새웠습니다. ______________________________ 다행 히 시험을 잘 봤습니다.

4. 도서관 책상 위에 지갑을 두고 왔습니다. _________________________ 가 보니 그대 로 있었습니다. 5. 약속 시간에 40 분 늦었습니다.____________________아직도 기다리고 있었습 니다. 6. 나는 요즘 다이어트를 하고 있습니다._________________ 초콜릿하고 아이스크 림 같 은 것을 먹지 않습니다.