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Exercise 9: Renal System Physiology: Activity 6: The Effect of Hormones on Urine Formation Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. 1. Which of the the following following has a role role in altering altering the urine urine volume volume and concentrat concentration? ion? You correctly answered: d. all of these 2. The total solute solute concentra concentration tion surrounding surrounding the the tubule lumen lumen refers refers to the solutes solutes in You correctly answered: b. the interstitial space. 3. Aldoste Aldosteron rone e is is produ produced ced in the the You correctly answered: c. adrenal cortex. 4. ADH promo promotes tes the the renal renal reabs reabsorp orptio tion n of You correctly answered: a. water. 5. Aldosterone Aldosterone promote promotes s renal reabsorpt reabsorption ion of __________ __________ and secretion secretion of ________ __________. __. You correctly answered: c. NaCl, potassium
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Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: What will happen to the urine volume (compared with baseline) when aldosterone is added to the distal tubule? Your answer : a. The urine volume will increase. Predict Question 2: What will happen to the urine volume (compared with baseline) when ADH is added to the collecting duct? Your answer : b. The urine volume will decrease. Predict Question 3: What will happen to the urine volume and the urine concentration (compared with baseline) in the presence of both aldosterone and ADH? Your answer : b. The urine volume will decrease and the urine concentration will increase. Stop & Think Questions: Why is the concentration in the urinary bladder 100 mOsm? You correctly answered: c. No ADH has been added to this nephron. In the presence of aldosterone, what component of the tubule fluid moves out of the distal tubule and into the interstitial space? You correctly answered: a. NaCl In the presence of ADH, why did the urinary potassium concentration increase? You correctly answered: c. The water volume in the urinary bladder is decreased, increasing the concentration of solutes such as potassium. In the presence of both ADH and aldosterone, why did the urinary potassium concentration increase? You correctly answered: c. There was more potassium secretion into the distal tubule and more water reabsorption in the collecting duct. Experiment Data: Potassium Conc. in Urine 6.25 10.42 62.37 65.37
Urine Volume
Urine Conc
Conc. Grad.
Aldosterone
ADH
201.00 180.90 16.86 12.67
100 100 1200 1200
1200 1200 1200 1200
absent present absent present
absent absent present present
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Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. If there has been a significant loss of fluid from the body, the kidneys will generate __________ urine. You correctly answered: d. hyperosmotic 2. If you drink a large volume of water, the kidneys will generate __________ urine. You correctly answered: b. hypo-osmotic 3. In response to dehydration, ADH will be released from the You correctly answered: c. posterior pituitary gland. 4. In response to abnormally low plasma osmolality, aldosterone will increase You correctly answered: a. sodium reabsorption along the distal tubule and the collecting duct.
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Review Sheet Results 1. How did the addition of aldosterone affect urine volume (compared with baseline)? Can the reabsorption of solutes influence water reabsorption in the nephron? Explain. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: It increased the concentraion. The reabsorption of solutes does influence water reabsorption in the nephron.The movement of solutes into peritubular capillaries decreases the solute concentration of the tubular fluid but increases the solute concentration in the peritubular capillaries. As a result, water moves by osmosis into peritubular capillaries.
2. How did the addition of ADH affect urine volume (compared with baseline)? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Why did the addition of ADH also affect the concentration of potassium in urine (compared with baseline)? Your answer: Adding ADH increases urine and potassium concentration, and decreases urine volume. This causes water to be absorbed from the urine back into the body. The potassium concentration is 10 times the amount without ADH, and urine volume is 1/10 without ADH. 3. What is the principal determinant for the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex? Your answer: Aldosterone is stimulated by production of angiotensin II. The renin-angiotensin system in which the body controls this. 4. How did the addition of both aldosterone and ADH affect urine volume (compared with baseline)? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: Adding both aldosterone and ADH decreases urine volume. When both were absent the volume was 201.00 and decreased when both were present to 12.67 5. What is the principal determinant for the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland? Does ADH favor the formation of dilute or concentrated urine? Explain why. Your answer: Water is reabsorbed back into the blood and raises blood pressure. ADH favors the formation of concentrated urine. ADH is to increase the permeability of the collection ducts, so more water is reabsorbed by the body. ADH is influenced by volume, pressure of cardiovascular system, and osmolality of fluids. 6. Which hormone (aldosterone or ADH) has the greater effect on urine volume? Why? Your answer: ADH causes decreases in the amount. ADH increases water permeability of the distal tubule, and collecting duct. This means more water can be reabsorbed making urine volume less and keep water balance. Aldosterone only decreases urine volume a small amount. 7. If ADH is not available, can the urine concentration still vary? Explain your answer. Your answer: If ADH is not available, then the body will make huge amounts of very dilute urine. The primary action of ADH is to increase permeability of the collecting duct to water so that more water is reabsorbed into the body by inserting aquaporins, or waterchannels, in the apical membrane. Without this water reabsorption, the body would quickly dehydrate. Diabetes Insipidus is the name of the disease that results from damage that disrupts the normal production, storage and release of ADH. Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the kidneys are unable to conserve water. 8. Consider this situation: you want to reabsorb sodium ions but you do not want to increase the volume of the blood by
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reabsorbing large amounts of water from the filtrate. Assuming that aldosterone and ADH are both present, how would you adjust the hormones to accomplish the task? Your answer: I would increase aldosterone and decrease ADH.
