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MAGNETIC ENERGY TO HEAL THE PLANET In January 1985, the Creator of the Universe, the Total Mind and Total Energy of All (this is what the source of our information identified itself as) initiate...
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MAGNETIC ENERGY TO HEAL THE PLANET In January 1985, the Creator of the Universe, the Total Mind and Total Energy of All (this is what the source of our information identified itself as) initiate...
Cusp Activation Theory describes that at the time of some important life event, how cusps related to that matter activates during a particular Dasa/bhukti/antara and Gochara (Transit). It can be a ...Full description
How to activate third eye for cultivating spirituality. Also increasing the sensitivity about energy around us
Water Activation Scripture
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Reaction of Sodium
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TOPIC 6 : RATE OF REACTION
Title : The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
Report : Complete
and Activation Energy Duration: 4 hours
Assess : DCP and CE
Level : SL/HL
Date
: 06/8/2014 (Cohort 3)
Introduction
Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid are both clear, colourless solution. When so
thiosulphate solution reacts with hydrochloric acid, the reaction mixture goes cloudy due t formation of a precipitate of sulphur.
Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric Acid → So dium Chloride + Sulphur + Sulphur Dioxid + water
Na2S2O3(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + S(s) + SO 2(g) + H2O(l) The faster the reaction, the faster the reaction mixture go es cloudy.
In this experiment you will investigate how changing the temperature affects the rate (spee this reaction. Then with the use of the Arrhenius equation, you will estimate the activation energy of the reaction. Sign up to vote on this title
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From the Arrhenius equation, a plot of ln(k) vs. 1/T will have a slope (m) equal to Ea/R. R i
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Reaction of Sodium
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Variables: Variable
Independent
Temperature of sodium thiosulphate
Dependent
Time taken for mark X to disappear completely
Constant
Concentration and volume of sodium thiosulphate solution Concentration and volume of hydrochloric acid
ENVIRONMENTAL CARE: Sodium thiosulfate is known as photographers 'hypo' for fix
developed films and prints. To minimise pollution the concentrations of thiosulfate ions hav
been kept low and only very small amounts of sulfur dioxide are evolved. As soon as the You're Reading a Preview reaction is complete pour the solutions away, preferably into the fume cupboard sink. Wash Unlock full access with a freewith trial. solutions used at higher away with plenty of water. This is particularly important
temperatures.
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SAFETY:
Eye protection must be worn.
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Reaction of Sodium
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APPARATUS -
Thermometer / temperature probe
-
0.15mol dm Sodium thiosulphate solution (Na2S2O3)
-
2.0mol dm Hydrochloric acid solution (HCl)
-
10.0cm pipette (+/- 0.05) cm
-
150.0cm conical flask (+/- 6.25) cm
-
Stopwatch
-
White tile
-
Whiteboard marker pen
-
Water bath
-3
-3
3
3
3
3
PROCEDURE
1. Mark with a cross (X) on a white tile with a whiteboard marker pen. 3
-3
2. Measure 50 cm of 0.15 mol dm sodium thiosulphate solution into the conical flask
You'rebath Reading Preview 3. Place the conical flask in a water with aathermometer in the solution (make sure
Unlock full conical access with a free trial. temperature probe doesn’t tou ch the flask). Warm until the temperature is on o
two degrees above 20 C and record it in a table. Download With Free Trial
3
-3
4. Remove the conical flask from the water bath and add 5 cm of 2.0 mol dm
hydrochloric acid and record the temperature of the mixture. Atonthe Sign up to vote thissame title time, start
stopwatch.
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5. Swirl the contents of the flask and then allow the flask to remain still on the white
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completely /s (±0.05)
20
30
40
50
60
1
28.0
2
27.0
3
26.0
1
16.4
2
17.1
3
16.2
1
12.0
2
13.1
3
7.1
1
6.0
2
6.0
3
4.8
1 You're Reading a Preview
5.2
2 Unlock full access with a free trial.
4.8
3 Download With Free Trial
4.9
Figure 1: raw data o
Temperature C
Time taken for X to disappear
20
Very slow
30
Slow
40
Fast
50
Faster
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Reaction of Sodium
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for 20 C:
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[ ] [] -1
-2
9
k = 0.062 s mol dm
Average time taken for Temperature 0
C
sodium thiosulphate to disappear
-1
-1
reaction s
-2
9
k (s mol dm )
Rate of -1
-
ln k (s mol 2
9
dm )
completely /s (±0.05)
20
27.00
0.0370
0.062
-2.786
30
16.57
0.0604
0.101
-2.296
40
10.73
-1.862
50
5.60
0.0932 0.155 You're Reading a Preview 0.1786 0.298
60
4.97
Unlock full access with a free trial.
0.2012
0.335
-1.212 -1.093
Download With Free data Trial Figure 2: processed
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Graph of temperature against rate of reaction 0.25
0.2
1 -
s n 0.15 o i t c a e r f o e t 0.1 a r
0.05
0 0
10
20
You're Reading a Preview 30
40
50
60
oC trial. Unlock fullTemperature access with a free
With Free Trial Figure 3: showing Download graph of temperature against rate of reaction
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Graph of ln K against 1/T 0 -0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
-0.5
-1
) 9
m d 2 l o m 1 s ( K n l
-1.5
-2
-2.5
You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial. -3
y = -51.888x - 0.345
Download With Free Trial -3.5
1/T (oC-1)
up to vote Figure 4: showing graph of ln kSign against 1/Ton this title
By observing figure 3, we can see an exponentially increase trend. This mean the temperatu play a significance role in chemical reaction. The higher the temperature, the faster the rate
reaction. However, if you notice the graph is exponential. This is because when temperature
high, the excessive kinetic energy could not be used. Therefore, the rate of reaction would n increase anymore.
Moving to the figure 4, the graph of ln K against 1/T is actually to find the ln A or al identify as Y-intersect. Using the data collected, theagraph constructed and extrapolated to You're Reading Preview -1
-2
9
value of -0.345 s mol dm . From ln A, we calculate Unlock full can access with a freethe trial.activation energy (Ea).
Evaluation
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The random error is less in this experiment because we are using apparatus with low
uncertainties such as pipette and measuring c ylinder. However, there may be some systemat error due involving human. Weaknesses
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Human error of the stop watch – Since the
Use a reliable mechanic method where the
time of the sulfur formation was recorded by
time is measured by a machine rather than
a stopwatch where a human stops the
humans, so that it would reduce the human
stopwatch relying on his sight; it would lead
error and allow more accurate data.
to a big uncertainty. The drawing of the X. Each drawing of the X
Should have used a printed X Mark where a
had different thickness and darkness. Hence
the darkness would have been the same as t
when stopping the time for the complete
computer would have drawn it. It would ha
sulfur formation (when the X mark was no
reduced the human error.
longer visible) it would have ass been different as the dissimilar darkness would have caused me to have different standard of darkness of the sodium thiosulphate solution and hence lead to great uncertainty.
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