ACI30BR-01
Reported S te te ve ve n H . G eb eb le le r Chairman Do
Secretary
oscph
imcc Pergalsky
Jr.
Brog Brogna na Edward
abrera
il ia
p, Holuh
I' da
R. Doug Doug Hoot Hooton on L. Dilly
Ronald J o a th th a
cnncth cnncth
c. Hover"
John John (' Hukey
E . D on on ge ge l
! le le n E .
ri e' . ar ar r
d wa wa rd rd ,
Fran Fran
R.
ob
l 'h i l i
S mi mi t
uk
M, Snell
A. KOlc KOlcli li
Derek rinh Jerome Si
Dary Dary
H, Ford
Freed Freedma ma
Liilbert J. Haddad ~ mu mu el el !l !l .
Th« te-rm
· '('( 'u 'u ri ri n
ttn«: os
an
used
cont contin inue ue e or or .
-'n~ril1g"
{'WICHfC!,
hvdr hvdrou ouli licc-rr-cm cmrn rn clIr
hvdr hvdrat atio io
so that that th /)() /)()te tent ntia ia
(·I~ring tCl·hn;lllU..'S an
nunc nuncri rial al
othr othr
sfab sfab.~ .~
t h a ct ct io io n
to
Meth Method od
ar
maintain
mmen mmenta tari ries es
( 'o 'o n ( r -e -e /l/l ' templlrarurc
addressed
i n g re re tH tH C r
Weathn'-
Crmcrefing,
K ey ey w r d
co
CI,ril1g
measures,
measur measures es dir('~ dir('~'h' 'h'
WlI·W-J
under spc('ili{·
dctui!
Commincvv
rcspcitlvclv:
and
weat weathe her: r: conc concret rete: e: curi curing ng
ro allow
reac reacti tion on
if!
gdl{'r~d, arc sjh'ci/ir..'d
tIn' rnaintcncmc rnaintcncmc {' n/soti.\·-
environmental 305
( · ()() 1 1 {l{l i riri f JI JI I .
and 30
; : 11 11 · ( '
011
.·1 ("I Commift~'es 30
and 31 s.
curing
compound:
hot weat weathe he
m et et ho ho d
CWT(Jnt
.1
r oc oc ed ed u e s co
ro». ro».
slab-on-ground.
CONTENTS
to
.Ihr {'1I!r;~jK pavements
spec specif ific ic
document.
and
moisture
as
.Ihr seve severa ra
(h
Curing
Og
struction; mass concrete: reinf reinfor orced ced conc concret rete: e: SC~.kT;:-;IH)h.'n:tc,
may develop.
a cc cc e t e g iv iv e
plu{ plu{'e 'e depe depend nd
mi ur
pozz pozzoi oiun unu: u:
he mixt mixtur ur
prop proper erti ties es
{!l
heat,
an
c vm vm en en t o u
f/ applh·ahle,
CI
factory
en
twatcr. twatcr. heat. or both,
moisture a ke ke n
i sc sc u uss se se d in
the mea.wrcs
g ro ro u d . . lh lh r
("'1Irl}1_g method:
an
lakes
l}~er
ie ....el
l Yl Yl 1) 1) 'i'i n
c re re t
the
om m mo on ate presented presented c om
descri ribe bed. d. a1"(, desc
c ur ur e, e, ,,,, ," ," t
drvcio drvciopme pment nt
providing
and.
pn,[u!r-th's
(?lthe c-ement in the
fr('.~'h~"!--"'lan'd
ill
by which
h e p ro ro ce ce s
h}'fjmitinr h}'fjmitinr.: .: the loss loss
or b_1,.!xternailv
c on on d o n
d es es cr cr i
c on on cr cr et et e
which thi
is (ll.w used to describe
e mp mp er er a u r
af
surr surrou ound ndin in
takvn to mod~h: this environment
[rom the
In
hydr hydrat atio io il
envi enviro ronm nmen en
s u bc bc o m m itit te te e
and develops develops hardened
matu mature re
(H
natu natura ra
H . C e lili k O zy zy ilil di di riri m
.:"CI,.':1LscJ
' . is .Ir-f!que,aly
rcsuit of th
. '" '" I !!!! l in in " ('(' n f w a t e
a ts ts o
John John B. \>'-' \>'-'niak n iaknw nw,k ,k
Calv Calvin in \1cC \1cCal al
H el el m
ChaIT ChaIT of d o cu cu m en en t 'r
h.n/ h.n/nl nlll lllh lh""-'" '"Cm CmCt Ctl/ l/l" l"Or OrjC jCn' n'tc tc
a tr tr ic ic k
Manu Manuel el
Brya Bryant nt Math Mather er
an
Intr Intr duct ductio io
3--
1'{,/{,.
po rtland
em en
ccmen ccmentt-ba ba ...ed e d prod produc ucts ts
rt ar inte inte de
1,3.3
rd guid guidan ance ce in la ni
istu isture re cont contro ro
1.4.1
an
te pera peratu ture re
co tr
ra
1.4 Natu Natura ra
cond condit itio ions ns
surfaces sp nsib nsib lity lity or th ap lica licati ti re
th
ater ateria ia
it co tain tains, s, I.
ri
rn
in con-
Reference
30XR A~I~:~[ 1 - 1 - , ~(II)l beca became me effe effect ctiv iv C up up yn yn gh gh t ( ,:,: :.:. ; 001. me ic C on on c . ....t.... . Institute. ig ht ht s r e e rv rv e n c u di di n i .!.! ; . ~ of rl'pwJU.:.:1111[l uncl ~I:"~" i l : IIII L_ turm \~ L_ \ All r ig ncc lu lu di di n th n~pH;~ b y c er er r r ; means. i n r m .... .:.: - I,I, . .·.· ~ :o :o - . h y n . phot m cc cc hn hn rt rt ic ic n d ev ev ic ic e p ri ri nt nt ed ed , w ri ri tttt en en . or oral. or e co co rd rd in in g o r ~l}lln{ior visu visual al n-produrin rion Dr for USE.:' i n a n knov ... lcdgv or r c rrrr i c . ....ul . :--:_!"::k"lLl or d v c ic ic v . ~ H \ k'k' ~ :-:- ; ,P . .rmL~:o:.iLII: . \ \'\' ri ri titi r.r. . i s . o bt bt ai ai ne ne d ro h e o py py r g h p ro ro pn pn cu cu .r.r s AC
re ocum ocumen ents ts
he
tor incorp incorpora oratio tio
hall hall
rt rest restat ated ed in mand mandat ator or
the Architect/ Architect/Engi Engineer. neer.
ra lang langua uage ge
308R-1
A C C OM OM M IT IT IE IE E R EP EP OR OR T
308R-2
CHAP CHAPTE TE 1.1-1 ntro ntroductio ductio
2.1-··Seope
curi curing ng conc concre rete te an .2·.2·- Liqu Liqu id-a id-app ppli lied ed evap evapor orat atio io
:2
redu reduce cers rs
1-INT 1-INTRO RODUC DUCTIO TIO
idan idance ce fix spec specif ifyi ying ng curi curing ng
rovi rovi es rc
of wate wate
ra acce accele lera rate te -w
ro
1. -Def -Defin init itio io
weather
re
curi curing ng cu in
dration
an
-A ri
re
to
2.9 I--Gene I--General ral ra
"cur-
iuta in rn iuta
.-P I.I ro
re qua
whe
ie
1 I(,
and
II
ixturc
3.2 I-Gene I-General ral 3. :).3 :).3 -Mass conc concre rete te 3.3 I-Gene I-General ral cern en-
re drat dratio io
ra
Hy-
refe refers rs to re
re re
thaw thaw ng
dure dure
on th im edia ediate te en ir nmen nmen
dure dure
on
oi ture ture an
te
an
1. -Cur -Cur 1.3.1 Hv
de cing cing chem chemic ical al
ti
yd portland
ce en ---l ---l'o 'ort rtla la
ce en ce en
erat erat re
.7ri
effectiveness
S. -Cit -Cited ed
refe refere re ce
co ti ue
th
tren trengt gt
ofth ofth
inte interp rpar ar icle icle
di
ro ncre ncreas ases es
A C C OM OM M IT IT IE IE E R EP EP OR OR T
308R-2
CHAP CHAPTE TE 1.1-1 ntro ntroductio ductio
2.1-··Seope
curi curing ng conc concre rete te an .2·.2·- Liqu Liqu id-a id-app ppli lied ed evap evapor orat atio io
:2
redu reduce cers rs
1-INT 1-INTRO RODUC DUCTIO TIO
idan idance ce fix spec specif ifyi ying ng curi curing ng
rovi rovi es rc
of wate wate
ra acce accele lera rate te -w
ro
1. -Def -Defin init itio io
weather
re
curi curing ng cu in
dration
an
-A ri
re
to
2.9 I--Gene I--General ral ra
"cur-
iuta in rn iuta
.-P I.I ro
re qua
whe
ie
1 I(,
and
II
ixturc
3.2 I-Gene I-General ral 3. :).3 :).3 -Mass conc concre rete te 3.3 I-Gene I-General ral cern en-
re drat dratio io
ra
Hy-
refe refers rs to re
re re
thaw thaw ng
dure dure
on th im edia ediate te en ir nmen nmen
dure dure
on
oi ture ture an
te
an
1. -Cur -Cur 1.3.1 Hv
de cing cing chem chemic ical al
ti
yd portland
ce en ---l ---l'o 'ort rtla la
ce en ce en
erat erat re
.7ri
effectiveness
S. -Cit -Cited ed
refe refere re ce
co ti ue
th
tren trengt gt
ofth ofth
inte interp rpar ar icle icle
di
ro ncre ncreas ases es
GUID GUID
TO CURI CURING NG CONC CONCRE RETE TE
308R-3
l, ho
he deve develo lopm pmen en
of hydr hydrat at on prod produc uc
an inte interp rpar arti ticl cl
Ki1
Fi
1.11.1- Unhy Unhydr drut uted ed
fica ficati ti that that uffi uffici cien en
wa er
op
avai availa labl bl
00
particles
(pho (photo to cred credit it Fi
fp rtla rtland nd
ce en
1.1- 1.3, 1.3, Fric Fric
lIul,>;Ili-
SO!"f)O"j,
to
r e u ir ir e
19
ue
19(6).
ro 1948).
nt
Fi
1.21.2- lilt liltip iple le
pa ti le
ion
pa ti ll
tc
po tl
O(jO
to
99
or
he
un
be
ds
un an ceme cement nt is th su
~)C';:LLT wbcn wbcn WLk("
on
all ;illh'ydn)u~
(Taylor
[{)97).
d in in g
ns of th wate wate inco incorp rpor orat ated ed
irs constituent
phases,
is
Fig 1.3
lose lose-up -up fa sing single le part partic icle le II J)(!{}
magnification
thvd thvdra rate te
('('m,'III
AC COMMITTE
308R-4 Compr... i.....lr.nliJlh, p.rc.n' moj.l-cur~ tone"M 150
REPORT
Leokage,lb.per 'Q,ft, per hr.
01 28-do
r .
,
Non-air entraine
Specimens: I" 6" mortar disc
Moilt -cured Illlir Ii...
125
concrete
100 In Oi 0''''
-~ ! . . !
~ ~--. -
50
25
28
90
180
AQ., day. 28
Om Ko
.r 12 in.) Fig /,5-/n/lllfr/ce
r es e
moist cunna, days
er 0/
H'U/c)"
mo
pcrmeabilitv
0/
"l
Br XI a[ pa te
his it
ow
wi;:'
have
lo er niti
poro ity. requ ring ,5 whic !t'/c.
Fo th partic /h
ti
w/c
[al
0.64.
lj'ie 1\'/'(
0.50. H'/e
in deve op ng th nucrous
to
1.5.
in
to provid
Wi£'.
th cement
orthose pore
w/c ma
provid
with
sufficient
ls pa
ty with
In
ni .' Othe source plac this approximat ~ r il m n fd r c e m en t ( P n\ ,l ,. 't ;. ", . 9 4? ; T a vl o
(w/c). valu ,H . 4. 2 t o 0 . 1 9 )7 N c v i ll e 1 99 6j .
L1f
nn-r fo each
w/l'
bl
hyd rat ion.
GUIO
both "'ii .3.2
il
he eed/or
TO CURING CONCRETE
J08R·$
it
cu ing-If
he am nt
wa er in tially
pr pert es
ydrati
pr cess
II
F) ri
ra ",Ie an
lowe initia
ry, thu
ni
ACI J05R re filli
requ re
to ac ie
esired co cret
pr pert es
sure directed primaril co cret
te perature
toward th maintenanc nder specific
relJuirin
Curi ng meaof'satisfactor
nv ir nmenta
cond itio
re
\ViC
1S 1.4-
ixture
with
Wi'C
less than
.5
en
el be te cu
ce ures
ro
equi ed
by insuf-
ccrncntitious
Wi') to
reto sustai
hy rati n.
furthe
uir
houId
in
wi;::
\v/'c
Mi mix-
wi
ri as ca also aris with ixture materi Is ratios (",{(·m).
avin
curm 1.4.
measures Natura
conditions
-d ow water-ce entiti
-d
ard ie
re
urc II
wk,
4a
w/("
dr in
at th
rfac
igrati
isture re
wi
ro
is-
hr
th in er or ri
re
wk
al et-curin
lo
w/t"
.4 Cur-
ponland
.. H"::i .."HL;:.i {_
the
sur/aces-Curing si
ro re
at ra
hc cO re
tly r un ic . t h u pp ro p i c t er m n ol og y ~ o. :w :r i~ -w at er -c cm er ai uo u m at er ia l
is
a te r- c m en t r at i
h;'cm~.
r au o
(wid
Ih
ri
re
i-
ACI COMMITTE
30BR-6
REPOR
and
It'/1'm
hi
du
he
moisture loss from th surfac
me sure
includ
foggin
Examples of nitial urin
nd th us of evaporatio
redu ers. dr appearance of th concrete
th
mechanical damage result ng from th
or plasti
coverings. Spray-applied,
curing compound
urface ca be mi leading. however.
pp icat on offabric Sbl
liquid membrane-forming
ca be used effectivel nt
finished,
to reduce evaporatio
ho
ir
d,
required. na
ur ng
ro
to
ur is
pplied
liquid membrane-forming
ur ng
ompounds
10
10
ng
dry
CI
ni
Transport, placing, consolidation,
o mp l
strike off, an
2.
do
of fi
9R
bull-floatin
1.4.2.
Timing
fcuring
2(00).
Curing measures
procedures
uter evapore
pr
ng
is
urf
to
J\
i t ia I COIl-
unc 9R b,
ve
0)
di
Pl
.6
n i ti a to
upp
nishe or fini hing mach ne d iv e g en c
re
fl
qu
1.4,2.2.1 FVilporarion-Th nd
p er a
c Ia ti v c
i d ity,
II
xurfacc:
the
I9 he
re
re hi
surfac
temperature, th higher th surfac water-vapo
pressure
GUID
308R-7
TO CURING CONCRETE
Finishing complete when concrete reaches fina se
Blee wate disappears and finishing begins at initia se
Bl ed wa er va orates an surfac drying begins
Begi
surfac
finishin
'!
0:::
;;; '"
'iii
0:
0:::
+------
--+---1__"~
~i~~-ba-t-c-h-ing'
Transport, placing, consolidation, strike-off, buHfioat
Floating, brooming, troweling
-
- Time sinc
Final Curing Initia curing required over this time interval
in finishability
Fig, ideal conditions:
hegillflin
+
batching
SW"/'IU'
commences
!)
ffinis in
perati
immediatelv afterfinishin
(2)fin
withfina
se coinci es
set.
efor
ingfinishin
be inningfinishin
inal se
vapor a w a y
IJ
Perio
pr di
gr ph
'"
ov
-
fo hy
lnitia
perations.
Surface finishin co lete be or
v ap o
dr)'lng
os
po
Intermediat
by nz
since batching
t . . . . .
of potentially
ig su ce enou lo li
uc gi
Ti
isture loss bu curi
et
Final curing
ds
curing
required
on
he co cret
rfac
eached/i
et.
AC COMMITTE
308R-8
REPORT
c: <:
'5
is
iIi
III
initial
;>
Q.) Q.)
,~
ij
ii
"S
og
,~
r ra y
"S
;:,
:::l
Iced ing.
-Time since
turcs
c in g
incorporate
cernentitious
Fig. I, 7-Schematic f i l e t '
often
illustration showing th combin in lu ofbleeding characteristics and evaporatio in determinofconcrete hegins to dry
1Llm,
p la s c - h r n ka g
c ru c n g
surface
%0).
when
th in detail
1.4.2.2.
Bleeding--Both 1.4.2.2.
Fina
curing
wiG'm It ed
a te r
cn
to
imc
Initial curillg--
I )_ U
.U
1.4.2.2.
Condit on
unde
whut: intermediate
is recommende fi n i s
su
Iy v u
in
finishing.
Of ha
to
of
n8), This
lV/em.
sary
slab
P'-lSS
9l)4).
1.4.2.2.3
rI
c/lrin
GUID
l08R-9
TO CURING CONCRETE
used
be
ired
aterials ar
to
chemicals, coverings, an applicatio
equipmen
an accessoenvironmental
na
lace en
of ce en
p ar t c l e s
mp
c ur in g
pl
1\
he curing is requiredtorformedsurfaces
1.4.
burl ap
as
such
of
Mois-
to
Forms left immediately
after
creasi ng scalin
resistance 1.4.
ing,
aintaine
nt
th fina
urin
pp ied.
he curing is required
surfaces
can
eather
The
influences
the
cold an ho
em ra e-
curing
AS
J0
I3 tl va ue de pi
he ri ic
ne
factors
im
rf ce evapor tion
often influ
nc
ch ic
d u ri n g influence
es re
prop rtie ns
1.4.5 Durati
xtur
nd
-c le
breathable
lers
etin
he requ re ents
of he concrete io
br ng
ho ld be give
rs cons diI
fcuring-
th va ue to
equi ed
of
chie
cr te pro
as es of diff rent H'ie Wi('.
wll'
ing
urin
OIl
dratio lf-d ic at
ow rs 1948
ll
w!cm mixtur th an 1966 in es nd ou Curing
is
nsitiv
products
th
1\'/(
w('
AC COMMITTE
30BR·10
REPORT
:OO~~~--_'--------~------""'--""'''''''''''''''', Ll8HTWflGW
so
CONCRE"':E
....
N . . . .
80
':!
f;.
'1
:>
43
IB
I!(U
N OR MA l W EI GH T C QN CR E
2l en ,... >C
Ti
T im e c ur e
of Dr in
Fig 1.8-Example ofvariat on nt rnal re at ve humi it with depth/r surface fconcrete vlin er Hanson 1968 (I ill.
rdra",li
25,4 mm].
reduciilR lire (I_rr<~e!! Grub« (I/)(/ Lawrence
nil
concrete
surfac
soo;
10-10
em
Non-air- .ntra i,..d concret Specllllln.: ~&in. cy lind,,, 3000 PI; Curino;r [] Ida IIaiII, 90 cloys in ai moilt, 90 da11 In air 7d
3v
Fig. f. 984;
.r eability
(days)
to
compressive
to
the specified
.
in
. is
10
....
00.3
)-----o.
0.4
l--0.8 II)' wiGht
w o . .. .
duration of cu ing.
1.5-
Of!
concrete (Kosmatka
re
()_31)
assoc iated
in.rs).
ri g- ffec ed iv
is
I.X
I5
ISO
JOO
70",,;,. 70'%.)
2J
inu
th
pe im
as
it
(7 F) an 5()'~/;J RH
norrnalw ig
or
ggrega e, th humidi
if
,a yl nd r.
mm
2l:\
by (l/4 to 3/4
'4
curing measures in ll'icm
and
19l:\_,;
GUID
TO CURING CONCRETE
l08R-11
...;-2
:i:: 15
s:
Walerl<;ement r'f4io
0.70
0,62
0.55
0_
-- 2~-1i3-- j4r- -iI--_:: ::::::28:!-!:o
5~--~----_'----~----~--~
0~
23
D u ra li Q n 0 1 intiaI w a l e < curing: days
re davs (Dhir;
10
Imler
S()
byextending ra
()_74 {blrr/h)_
or abrasion resistance
Spears 1983). Concrete proper ie
in th
ur ng-aff cted
zone
mm
I). ()
indicators of curing effectivenes
in).
as relate
tosurface properties
and performance, rnoisturc loss
1. -C
moisture move betwee
(Pihlaja aara
ac pr pertie
il
erties
in luence
te remove
from th surfac
964. 19(5).
In such low-permeability
in er or or ul
Oil
cvap
ropert es ma develo
As seen previous ly
i nd i c
more fully. urface ha dnes
by curing
th surfac an th interior Similarly,
nter or ca repl ni oratio
cret
br io
re istance,
alin
re is an e,
nfluen
ur-
a b ity of hardened np iry
a5
imilar trend. _C 1984;
Gowriplan
19(0)-
hree days is ap ar nt co pr s!
tr ngth have tr diti na ly
been
se
de on to
r,
nd
or xa ple, dr ll
core ca be
I9~
is eading in icator Ohir (1991)
1(92).
mooth, or utof alto et er
Core te ts th re ore, ar no
Br
on
ip
11'/('
of 0,45 (/\CI 31H
A C C OM M IT TE E R EP O R
306R-12
300 nt .o
/«
g..\5
j_
Average __l_
rrio Curin
W/C
elayed
0-.,
5L_--~----~--~--~~~
l . i=Sawver
(1957) dem nstrated the effect
30 fdelay-
in
length
daya
moist- urin ur bility
2.5
ncrete
ls
li as
time-
f)
2D
content 10
.a
0.70
th
particular
method
of curi
he cv
uated
0.1.2 MIS
0.5
applied),
OM
coveri p ri c
14 Fig, 1.14 (f
Dhir:
mm 4in ys immersio
ClJRING.
for maintaining
adequate
mois-
steam, or saturate
cover
24
curi
ill water
(1C f6 f) and £3 24 we F') and 24
and 5 5 % ; (68
11
effectiveness
20
F);
pending.
01
iii
wi 11 in flue
(J991) dem nstrated
It'd
ill
systems
day.
Hewlett,
cnrs.
other
e as ib il it y
0.7
OJli
14
D Ul l' " T IO N O F M OI S
an
or
55% RH, ys imme io cu in (61) F) 01 20 27 davs
55% RH.
fogging,
ofwater
concrete
the membrane-forming
compound
(commonly
the orC1315.
if
(I990)
cu
I'
it
2_1-Scope
se
MATERIALS satisfactory
rnois-
er
est
et
GUID
308R-13
TO CURING CONCRETE
16 Curing condition no curing J : : . s ol ve n b or n r es i m em br an e l so n br
o n r et e
s ur f c e
2.3_
Foggin
Fogging
provides
excellent
protection
IS
by ponding
12
ia
of
or 5m 2·5 mm
!"
the as
::; iii II:
surfac
.','I;
0::
ropl ets art:
(The
reduc
form
concrete. water
h e c o c re t
ca
Fogging
precipitat
surface
the water
2.3.2 Liquid-applied 25
12'5 DEPT
(J
mm
1m)
37'5
evaporation reducers
Evaporation
50
FROM SURFACE-mm
i1
I0.76fr).
of evaporation
water
I99
ofthe
bleed
water
surface.
ducers such pur-s in
A-
cu
easu es J . 4 , final
ginccrs the
water,
execsF)
internal
is
The
technique fi na
2.4.
Fina curing measures base
.4 .1
to
ri klin
()!I
the appluation
th surf ce of he co cret
"ILl atcr fogging ers
[19~7
.3-l itia di
cu in
to dr
et ,i
betwee
308R-14
AC COMMITTE
REPORT
40
PERCEI\l
30
LI.l
A::::
SUNSHINE
20
MA
.a:::
10
LI.l
0...
:::E
LI.l
-10
·9.' -13.9
-20
Fig. 2.
re mm rs im-
ha
fo burlap 111<1-
cientl
hardened to penn
suc operation
IV
ithout
arring th
surface. 2.4.1. 2,4.1.
Burlap COl/onmat" an othe absorbent materia/s-
materi ls should be free of harmfu or fertilizer,
Sand c1lring-V'ic!'
ub tances
such as suga
Of
aI
ist
150 111m
(6
2. .2 Fina
ur ng meth ds
as
orrmoistur
retention-
rnern bran c-torm in
he surface Ab
the concrete
material
have ev ra
advant ge wet
ir sand,
GUID
308R-15
TO CURING CONCRETE
methods. sd
,c
fo fi
tt ng of th concrete
2.4.2.
PIlls ficji/m-
il
ha 2.4.2.
i1
Reinforced it
STM
dhe
ied it
bi uminou
emen
to
ee
dt
requ re en
ann
pl
to
th el up
he light.
it should be discarde te peratu rm
hy ra io
th
unde blac unde
plasti
as ppro imatel
it plas ic Th temper tu
15C 27 F)
he Of
he pape no longer re ains moisture used in double thickness.
2. .2.3 Liquid membra e- orming
di ferenc
ompoun
-Liquid
ST
I:
of he ernent.)
ates
Wh
iiica
soIutio
membrane-forming
re hc
ic Il reacti vc rather ha
compounds.
ias to
surface, dependin on fiel applicatio an ambien conditions at er 19 7, 1090 hari nd nt 19R4 nbetta 19 .s). wit es of he oncrete. It
Compound formulated to meet th requirements ofASTM 315 cid resistance adhesion-promoting qualities, an resistance to degto thei
moisture
sl
"breathable membrane
AC COMMITIE
308R-16
kgim
REPORT in
ap
in teri or
er fy ompl ance
ithe i\STM
it
pplieation s.
JI5 315
laboratory-app ie
cove ag
rate specif ed in he es
etho
to
su corresponds
]9
10
to 0.
epa ,'gal.).
lb/t /h),
ap cu ing ul tion
go erning th tr nsport
orage. or us of azar ou
lve
Fo maximu
il
ing. De layc
beneficial effect liquid membrane-forming
applicatio
he
ls
membrane ]J
efe
!ud
Al poun
COIll-
th ub qu nt
urfa
re tm nt
includ
delibera ccumulatin
io
il
tu tion
nd
th plas ic
emporarily stop ed bi bleeding
ould eq ir
re ppli atio
of th
hat ig co ti ue
ur ng
ompound.
to
to
GUID
30SR-17
TO CURING CONCRETE
ma va
2.4.2.
Linsee
il-based curing co pounds
Various
concrete
uced.
successfully agencies
di
damage
(Sedgwic
County
runofr'watcr
a ls o s ho u
these cold Oilseed
AC
frostbite.
306.
14il) with the exception ACI
as
cur-
306R.
2. .1 Pr tectio
gainst rapi
ryin
ill ("old wcathcr> SUI'-
th
by th
is beyond
of
durability
addition
cold, speeds. for application
5- Te
texturing.
cu
om
e ta r a -
cement,
easu es
be
2.6.2 Protecti cover
againstfrost
da age-> Maintenance
of
perat ure
materials
pop-outs, critica
construction
the freshly the
exposed
concrete, air-entrained such conditions
an
protection.
tectio
er
concrete
trained ACt
.6-C ld-weather
con-
or
should
cu in
concrete surface
corn-
3.5 saturate midity
is low.
temperature
en
xp
to
continued
concrete
wh
temperatures. cornprcs-
temperature
dc
Iing,
compress!
t'l-I
protecofthe c u i n
companied
by contro
p er io d
oftemperature.
there
(Klieger
freezing long-term
serviceability
2.6.
Rate ofconcrete strength developmen
it) col
weathe
to
(7.'ig
ca
AC COMMITTE
308R-18
construction op ra ions strength developmen ar to in re
th
uc
form nd hore re ov l, or th
iscritica incol weather, itmay be necesurin te pera ur
on th basi of test
th specific concrete mixture. In-place test ma 2.6.4 Re
va
REPORT
th
bc necessary.
01 cold-weather protecrion- he
water
d c ac
om
ca es
rack ng
he efore,
old-we th
cu in
cover-
il no be da ag
lterna
by he ap li atio
etting an dr ing. Liqu
of urin
ater al
membrane-for in to
an 2.7-
drying
corn reflect
solar radiation
t- eath
tectio
an
in
2.B-Accele ated
rodu ts
he
cu in
in lu
in
larin
he con rc
to acc lcrate
to to
curing wate in such environments 2.9-Minimu
cu in
equi ements
to
ormw
posed
to
fu ur aces
hi
placin
he concrete
SUrf:1CC.
For 111;'.
concrete
Some ofthe fo dr pl ts fall to th
nd ug en
th bl ed
at r.
ra ni g,ju gm nt
on re
urfa
until
70(~/(,of th specifie
21\-da
strength!;.,
nd qual ty
to
i fi e
OO~/" wi('m
at
be
re ch
he empera ur
an
alu isrure co tent
hou sm II
GUID
308R-19
TO CURING CONCRE
bl
1-Re
cu in
en ed
co cret
um
ur
ixtu es LJrirLg r'i..·ri~~d
: \ · 1 inimum
(ASTM
1074
ASTM
or
III days
JJ
rests u se d t o a ch ie v be comparabl
in-place tests.
'7 days
or w he n
a cc el er a r s a r r es ul t d em o s tr at e b .. . t e 1t~ a ch ie ve d u s "g' .ASn.j (0 t ho s cement
or
ASTjI,j
cement
othe ccmentitious material of variou types. in variou proportions in uccurdance with II 'i MS. and
variable
Set' sectio
~,q.
("l)tH.':TC[~:
propert
pc
f, ed
1S rete tr ngth or durabili y. an 2.9.
Fa tors influencin
requir
duration of cu
he
te ting is no pe form
The
II
in r n u r n cu ring
w/em,
mixtur
proportion
min
ggregate
haract ri tics
he ical
nd
xru
CONSTRUCTION ve
chic
er sl bs
vern
cu
11
expose
surfac area to volume
con rete, y..,... ithout prcvcnti ve e s It
ity
ab asio
re stan
or urface
bsor ti on
11reac
satisf c11
is predominantly
binati ns of at ri ls co le concre il xt nd th ti requ red.
cu in
concre testin Wh
houl
be es abli he
nder th rogram na ural
ntende
emperatures,
on he ba is of te ts of th requir
ervice condit on
verify ha he urin eath
both
nd
develo
ha been
aint ined
cond ti ns of emperature
hu id ty
lly
ui
thc conc et
in
oi fo th
im required to fo te developmen
of he required
on
co dition
imperative to mini iz
urling
Placem nt
3.2.
urin
pr
ur II
combina-
ussed h av e b ee n t er mi na te d
3.1.
urin
pr
intai
ur s-
min-
to
newly placed
concrete
or by promptly conrinuously
e,
slabs a n
is
ea
been su fficient
ne
whi
rtaces, to
OCCUI'
inside
be subsequent-
II
cooler
than t h
c on c e t the
form re oval
water-saturated nt
or
the
of
sheets 3.1. lowest
3.2.
ambient
Durati
or
Durati
essary
temperature
nee-
.o
10
wh ic heve
is above
pc
Fl
of
as ) o
t is t
to
tr ngth-based
tta in
.3-M ss 3.3.
otherwise d i e ct e
th
co cret
General-Mas
s pe ci fi ca ti on s
or
riteri
durubility-rclatcd
taken
augmented
to
an
insufficient
if durability-re-
required, Recommen-
high ccmenritious
.2-Buildin s,
brid es
3.2.1 Genera/--
ther st uctu es
in m-
3.3.
Meth
durati
ojclIi"ing--Mass
II _H
GUID
at ra ed fa ri s.
or vert ca an ot er form
308R-21
TO CURING CONCRETE
urfa es
ft
Tabl
1-Cu
spec
co cret A('[ curnmittee
Iorrn
Refractor}:
concrete
Insulating
concrete
Expansive
o!•
rt':1l)n
.cment concrete
Roller-cornpacte
2(J7.'){
cnn-..TC!~
111 ){
(20 to) cooler ha th on rete ra ns caus cr cking.
be ause
nduc
urface
Shotcrctc Fiber-reinforced
concrete
Veri i c u l ,I ipform construction
pp icatio li
fa iq id
of pray ng
embr ne-for in
urface
it
ater
ur ng
-
ol
ompound,
ll ad qu tely
-
ssf
to
educ cracking:
tt
th
urface is no
on ructio
to
Ib/n") :,1.
alte
he ap earanc
ofthe concrete surface.
pl cation
of
tching
(30
ft:'./gaI.):
ig en ed
mb an -for
significant
ma sive
ection
no
on aining grou
granul te
la -fur
wear
co or di
off)
factors,
th ra
of to
surfac
rion,
rength deve op en
ab
aI
curing period is completed. 3.3.3 Form re
va
curing formed sur/aces-Forms
an
re ai le heat he he form re emov d. Wh ture diff rentia betwee he concrete ur ac an
he temp rhe ambi nt
4- ur
obtain
ithout th ed
colore
surfac
that an di olor lacement of
f),
tion di ontinu
Ie
ee
he co cr te la
ecom ende
to
visually asse",
fo gradua cool ng
et
th mini
te
aIo
sl bs
variations
tive that th curing proces be prompt continuous
It is
impera
an uniform.
10m
lar
cct,
d i lfercnr
.5-0ther
co st ucti
4.2. nd peci
Estimating
CI'Ul)()l"IIli(J
Approximat
"
method
on truction techniques is referenced in SOOs
CHAPTE
4-MONITORING CURING AN EFFECTIVE NESS
CURING method
4.1-GeneraJ
as
common th esti atio measurements
Co
based an
fa
at
I'
ot'r rc of vaporarion
te pera ur an
rcla vc
NM
ce
011
curing effectiveness:
to
moisture control, fo
used;
iD.2 Ih/ft /11) M e ll zc I 1954 Lerc
co crete;
1957). Recent experience with high-performance
nd llow bl
evaporat on ra es of only 0.25 kg
/h (0.0
Ib..f t~"h)
he or reli bl
indicators
4. -Eva ua in ic co cret
of curing effectiv ne s.
envi en is ce
co
ti POZZOhlllS,
wi'em, fine ceme ts ur her,
ll oncr te mixtur
xhibit
high ai co tents. di in sh ng
blee in
4_2.1_1 T h e . .. . en :e l A R M C " A l1otr!ugmph- The nomograph orat ve concrete furthe depend
on th
em eratur
nviron en
an
rc no in ende
to es im te th
ctua
nd othe pr per-
ud
l'riha
(J
cIy
nvir
I'
I99 nto
coverings, vaporation depend the temperature I'
on environm nt
factor
ha includ
foreca ting th need or curing an prot ctio temperature,
humidity or
it ti ns inherent in he dose to tors combin
. T with th characteristic
ofthe concrete mixtur
nd spee
me ures an fo
on vapora ion. he limec io 4 , 2 , .2
et od ar discu cd
4.2.1_ Limitations mil accuracv as erived from an experi enta
Becaus
th nomograp
fi of actual vapo at io ra es
GUID
TO CURING CONCRETE
Fig. 4. No gr phfo esti atin th aximum potentia rate fevaporati fthe enviro ent, assu in ic th te te perature is qu to th cr te te perature (.Menzel 954; /VRkfCA (,!(j()) surface ill
308R-23
atcr-c vcrv
308R-24
AC COMMITTE
REPORT
ou of th concrete No tand rdiz
te hnique
vailable to
lOs-
iry, xp
merits, as follows:
I-F
ft
In
I). of
direct sunlight is no
ontributin
to evapor tion
vi 8m
to
ft) abov
he vapora in
urface 25 )of
is furthe
ltcrnativc
evaporatio
predictors ar availablc in th hydrologic
Severa method
fo estimating evaporatio
itcrature.
rate ar reviewed by I'
4,2.1.
lin' estimating
lternativc technologic»
).
tTUPOI"!/-
tio rail'
he an Al-F dhal
an
over (200 1)have di cu se
of th no ograph an In wind-tunne testin
ts sens tivity th measurin protocols. unde controlled conditions Al-Fadhala
an Hove (2001) demonstrated th take
origin ll
horticultural
th ac urac
define
he
en el
measurem nt
were
or accura
estima es ofth
actual rate of evapor tion at
pape (1954) esti at
ba ed on th nomograp 0kg
er ithi 25'% of actual evapora!h (0. lb/ft2/11).A higher evaporation ra es th nomogr ph consistently ov re ti at th ctua ra 11 (0.36 lb/Wih).
evapor ting
urfa
in qu stion. Be au
th surf ce
containers of th concrete mixtur
er
xposed
evapor tive
ir sp ed
ttl will almost always lead to overestimate
of evaporatio
rate Furthermore, becaus
ng fini hing
an curing
at obtained from nearby weathe
it oratio
rc an (F lcon
4.3~Means
evapor tion pan)
he co pute
re ul
pproxima es
he
1996).
to
erif
at
th
licati
cu in
uri
sp
pl cr te surf ce
er
tio
cont nuousl
ui
expo ed to water.
imil rly, ~ill1-
well-approximate
by th valu obta ne
from th no ograph
Th actual rate of wate loss from th concrete surfac decrease
concrete surf ce remained cont nuousl
afte batching
is used nd
h. Th
however, diminishin
to 10~·-( approximatel
issimi ar to he re ults ob aine
isdu to th reduct on of past poro it
ov red.
particular rate of applicat on is requ re
by Berh ne (I\) 4) an ha ac ompanies hydra-
(eithe di
manufacturcrs
in truc ions), an av rage ra
of applic tion ca be de ermine
by monitoring th vo um of quid ppli
over
measured ar a.