ACI 122R-14_ Guide to Thermal Properties of Concrete and Masonry Systems

2015-04-28 (Version 4.2 2015-

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Consulting Member 

This guide reports data on the thermal properties of concrete and masonry constituents, masonry units, and systems of materials and products that form building components. This guide e includes consideration of thermal inertia of concretee and an masonry,  passive solar design, and procedures to limit condensation c within assemblages. o masonry ry unit; moisture; Keywords:  aggregate; cement paste; concrete -

 R

-

-

; ;

;

;

;

; -

; ;

 R

U 

-

-

a a gr  ai anp

 p n

a s aungr  aw C  c p  fs hc  I  k c k  f  k  p

))

k c or data source k c

e

Limestone

*

k c

e

k c

-

e

underestimate k c

or

-

;

; ;

k c

;

; k c

; ; ; ;

;

-

;

k c in concrete or data source k c = e concrete concrete

cinders

Limestone

*

k c

w/cm w/cm

k c

k c

k c

m

w/cm k  p w/cm o

o

w/cm k c constant in k c k c

e

k c

e w/cm

k  p ; -

concrete

percent moisture content †

‡

cinders

Limestone

* † ‡

k c

k c

*

*

Limestone

*

Limestone

*

 Fig. 3.6—Cubic model for calculating thermal conductivity c of concrete as a function of conductivity  p and a of cement paste and aggregate, and volume fraction a of aggre agg aggregate. rega ga e.

 Fig. 3.4––Thermal conductivity  portland cement pastes.

 p 

forr air-dry-hardened - ar e

;

)

k c

V a V a

k c

-

k c

k c k c

k  p V a

k a

type†

concrete

-

Un masonry

Unsanded

Un

Un

Limestone

Un

Un

Un

mortar; sanded

Un Un

* †

V a -

accurate k c

k a

k c is

sure type†

concrete

concrete aerated

Un masonry

Unsanded

Un

Un

cinders Limestone

Un

Un

Un

mortar; sanded

Un Un

* †

 R

 R

U-

-

-

 R  R U

R -

U  -

U

U 

U

a gr  U  gr 

aungr  U ungr  ungr 

 R

-

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-

1

1

; ;  R

†

U

U

U

U

U

‡

*

†

‡

 R

†

mm

U

U

U

U

U

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†

 R

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-

*

*

and

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4.4.1.1 Case I: No o steel steee ties—  ste

-

U 

U  4.4.1.2 Case II: Steel ties— 

-

 Rt  = Rin R s a R i  s + a s Rin

4.4.1 Sample calculations

U-

 Fig. 4.3b—Five layers of an insulated hollow CMU.

*

 Lb

 La

 fs

w

aw w/ A)  A)

ac

aw)

 L f  or  or L  Lw

 Lb

 fs))  fs

aw w/ A)  A)

ac

aw)

 L f  or  or L  Lw

 Lb

 fs))  fs

* †

*

mm  Lb

 La

*

 mm

 fs

w

 mm

* †

 Fig. 4.4.1.1—Case I, no steel t ies.

4.4.1.3 Case III:Steel ties plus solid concrete— 

U 

-

-

 Rt  =  = R  R s Rc Rin a s Rin Rc

a R i  s Rc

ac R s Rin

 Fig. 4.4.1.2—Case II, steel ti es.

 R  R

 Fig. 4.4.1.3—Case III, steel ties pl us solid concrete.

 R-

R-

 R

-

 R

5.2.1 Thermal diffusivity

U 

-

-

5.2.2  Heat capacity— 

-

c p

capacity hc *

masonry unit mm

stucco

*

capacity apaci hc m

mm

c p

*

5.2.3 Thermal a resistance r insulation— 

-

-

stucco *

-

5.2.4  Daily (diurnal) temperature changes— 

-

-

5.2.5

-

using 5.2.6

 Fig.. 5.2.4—(a) .4 Thermal rma lag for 8 in. (200 mm) concrete wall; and wa d ((b) thermal a lag a and amplitude reduction for 8 in. (200 mm) concrete wall.

or -

 procedure provided in 5.2.7  Building design—  -

) sections

5.3.1

-

-

; ; ;

; ;

;

;

-

-

5.3.2 Computer simulations of buildings— 

 R-

-

-

t o versus t i t i t o is q ss versus qw

qw q ss

†

‡

*

§

1

*

† ‡ §

 R

U 

5.4.1 Equivalency

;

-

;

; U

;

R-

U  -

U 

5.4.2  Building and energy code requir requirements ements

U 

†

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*

§

1

*

† ‡ §

;

;

;

;

;

;

-

-

;

-

-

6.2.3  Effects of emissivity— 

-

-

6.2.1 Effects of conductivity— 

6.2.4 .2.4

6.2.2 Effects of absorptivity— 

-

6.2.5  Effects of heat capacity

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6.2.6 Effects of thermal diffusivity

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6.3.1  Passive solar designs

-

-

-

-

6.3.2  Direct gain passive solar systems

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6.3.3 Other considerations

-

 R

-

 –1

11

*

11 11 11  –11 11 11 *

-

 Ri,

 Rt 

U 

-

t i  Rt 

-

t o ture t  s

-

 M  †

w/cm

w/cm

-

* †

w/c

 American National Standards Institute  America

 M 

)

†

 ASTM In International  a

-

mm)

-

mm)

†

w/c

 Journal 

 ASHRAE  Transaction  ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals -

 Proceedings

-

 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals -

 PCI Journal 

 IHVE Guide

-

 Florida Builder   ACI Journal Proceedings  PCA  Proceedings of the Conference on Energy Conservation n in Building  Design and Construction

 Research a and Development Laboratories Journal 

 PCA Research  BIA  IA

and n Development e Laboratories a orato Journal 

 Bulletin No. 43D Concrete Architecture: Lightweight Co  Magazine of Concrete Concr oncrete ete Res Research

Concretee Co

 ACI Journal  Proceedings The Construction Speci-

The Passive Solar Energy Handbook 

Concrete International   Building Resear Research ch and Development Bulletin RD075

 Research -

 Note

 Heat Transfer Characteristics of Walls under Arizona Temperature Conditions, Construction Technology Laboratories  Research and Development  Bulletin RD-071 RD -071

 Dodge Construction News  Building Science Series

 Building Science Series 45

Thermal Conductivity of Concrete: Measurement Problems and Effect of M oisture  ACI 

-

 Journal Proceedings

 ACI Journal Proceedings

 Building Science Series

Symposium on -

 Lightweight Concrete

 ACI   Journal Proceedings Concrete International 

Symposium on -

 Lightweight Concrete

The Thermophysical Properties of  Masonry and  Its Its Constituents Con -

 ACI Journal Proceedings  Bulletin n EBO89b  Report   Bulletin CR62B -

 ASHRAE Transactions

 ACI Journal Proceedings  ASHRAE Technical Data Bulletin  Brick Walls Walls for Passive Solar Use -

-

 Bulletin  Report   ASHRAE Transaction Thermal Conductivity of Neat Portland Cement Paste  Passive Solar  Design Handbook 

Temperature and Concrete

U 

unit dimensions  Lb

 fs

area aw

k c

k  f 

Limestone Limestone

-

Limestone

† ‡ §

* † ‡ §

U 

unit dimensions  Lb

 fs

area aw

k c

Limestone Limestone

-

Limestone

‡ §

* † ‡ §

k  f 

U 

masonry dimensions  Lb

 fs

area aw

k c

k  f 

-

*

-

†

-

Urea Urea

†

‡

-

-

Urea Urea

†

Urea

†

* †

-

U 

masonry dimensions  Lb mm

 fs mm

area aw

k c

k  f 

-

-

†

-

Urea Urea

†

†

-

-

Urea Urea re

†

Urea re

†

* †

-

 Advancing the the knowledge of masonr  masonr