Access List Solution Access Lists Workbook Teachers Edition

E x t e Access n0.0.0.0 Lists d e d permit

CL

Any

Workbook Version 1.0

Instructor’s Edition

deny

access-list

Standard

access-group Wildca ildcard rd Mask

Access-List Numbers IP Standard IP Extended Ethernet Type Code Ethernet Address DECnet and Extended DECnet XNS Extended XNS Appletalk 48-bit MAC Addresses IPX Standard IPX Extended IPX SAP (service advertisement protocol) IPX SAP SPX Extended 48-bit MAC Addresses IPX NLSP IP Standard, expanded range IP Extended, expanded range SS7 (voice) Standard Vines Extended Vines Simple Vines Transparent bridging (protocol type) Transparent bridging (vender type) Extended Transparent bridging Source-route bridging (protocol type) Source-route bridging (vender type)

1 100 200 700 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1000 1100 1200 1300 2000 2700 1 101 201 200 700 1100 200 700

to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to

99 199 299 799 399 499 599 699 799 899 999 1099 1099 1199 1299 1999 2699 2999 100 200 300 299 799 1199 299 799

Produced by: Robb Jones [email protected] Frederick County Career Ca reer & Technology Technology Center Cente r Cisco Networking Academy Frederick County Public Schools Frederick, Maryland, USA Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch for taking the time to check this workbook for errors. Instructors (and anyone else for that matter) please do not post the Instructors version on public websites. When you do this your giving everyone else worldwide the answers. Yes, students look for answers this way. way. It also discourages others; myself included, from posting high quality materials. Inside Cover

What are Access Control Lists? ACLs... ...are a sequential list of instructions that tell a router which packets to permit or deny.

General Access Lists Information Access Lists... ...are read sequentially. ...are set up so that as soon as the packet matches a statement it stops comparing and permits or denys the packet. ...need to be written to take care of the most abundant traffic first. ...must be configured on your router before you can deny packets. ...can be written for all supported routed protocols; but each routed protocol must have a different ACL for each interface. ...must be applied to an interface to work.

How routers use Access Lists (Outbound Port - Default) The router checks checks to see if the packet packet is routable. If it is it looks up the route in its routing table. The router then checks for an ACL on that outbound interface. If there is no ACL the router switches the packet out that interface to its destination. If there is an ACL the router checks the packet against the access list statements sequentially. Then permits or denys each packet as it is matched. If the packet does not match any statement written in the ACL it is denyed because there is an implicit “deny any” statement at the end of every ACL.

1

Standard Access Lists Standard Access Lists... ...are numbered from 1 to 99. ...filter (permit or deny) only source addresses. ...do not have any destination information so it must placed as close to the destination as possible. ...work at layer 3 of the OSI model.

Why standard ACLs are placed close to the destination. If you want to block traffic from Juan’s computer from reaching Janet’s computer with a standard access list you would place the ACL close to the destination on Router D, interface E0. Since its using only the source address to permit or deny packets the ACL here will not effect packets reaching Routers B, or C.

Router A E0

Router B S0 S1 E0

S0

Router D S1 Router C S1

S0 E0

Janet’s Computer

Matt’s Computer Juan’s Computer

Jimmy’s Computer

If you place the ACL on router A to block traffic to Router D it will also block all packets going to Routers B, and C; because all the packets will have the same source address.

2

E0

Standard Access List Placement Sample Problems FA0

FA1 Router A

Jan’s Computer

Juan’s Computer

In order to permit packets from Juan’s computer to arrive at Jan’s computer you would place the standard access list at router interface ______.

FA1

E0

S0

Router A

E1

S1 Router B

Lisa’s Computer

Paul’s Computer

Lisa has been sending sending unnecessary information to Paul. Where would you place the standard ACL to deny all traffic from Lisa to Paul? Router Name ______________ Interface ___________

Router B

E1

Where would you place the standard ACL to deny traffic from Paul to Lisa? Router Name ______________ Interface ___________

Router A

E0

3

Standard Access List Placement Router B S0 S1 Router A E0 S0 S1

Ricky’s Computer

FA1 S1 Router C

Jenny’s Computer

Amanda’s Computer

Carrol’s Computer

George’s Computer

Kathy’s Computer

S1 Router D

E0

Jeff’s Computer

S0 Jim’s Computer

S1 E0

S0

Router E

Linda’s Computer

4

Sarah’s Computer

FA1 S1 Router F

Jackie’s Computer

Melvin’s Computer

Standard Access List Placement

Router D E0

1. Where would you place a standard access list to permit traffic from Ricky’s computer to reach Jeff’s computer?

Router Name_________________ Interface ____________________

2. Where would you place a standard access list to deny traffic from Melvin’s computer from reaching Jenny’s computer?


3. Where would you place a standard access list to deny traffic to Carrol’s computer from Sarah’s computer?


4. Where would you place a standard access list to permit traffic from Ricky’s computer to reach Jeff’s computer?


5. Where would you place a standard access list to deny traffic from Amanda’s computer from reaching Jeff and Jim’s computer?


6. Where would you place a standard access list to permit traffic from Jackie’s computer to reach Linda’s computer?


7. Where would you place a standard access list to permit traffic from George’s computer to reach Carrol and Amanda’s computer?


8. Where would you place a standard access list to deny traffic to Jenny’s computer from Jackie’s computer?


9. Where would you place a standard access list to permit traffic from George’s computer to reach Linda and Sarah’s computer?


10. Where would you place an ACL to deny traffic from Jeff’s computer from reaching George’s computer?


11. Where would you place a standard standar d access list to deny traffic to Sarah’s computer from Ricky’s computer? 12. Where would you place an ACL to deny traffic from Linda’s computer from reaching Jackie’s computer?

Router A E0

Router C FA1

Router D E0 Router D E0 Router E E0 Router C FA1 Router A E0

Router E E0

Router C FA1 Router E Router Name_________________ Interface ____________________ E0 Router F FA1

Router Name_________________ Interface ____________________ 5

Extended Access Lists Extended Access Lists... ...are numbered from 100 to 199. ...fil ... filter ter (pe (perm rmit it or den deny) y) bas based ed on the the::

source address source address destination address protocol port number

... are placed close to the source. ...work at both layer 3 and 4 of the OSI model.

Why extended ACLs are placed close to the source. If you want to deny traffic from Juan’s computer from reaching Janet’s computer with an extended access list you would place the ACL close to the source on Router A, interface E0. Since it can permit or deny based on the destination address it can reduce backbone overhead and not effect traffic to Routers B, or C. Router B S0 S1

Router A E0

FA0

S0

Router D S1 Router C S1

S0 E0

Janet’s Computer

Matt’s Computer Juan’s Computer

E0

Jimmy’s Computer

If you place the ACL on Router E to block traffic traff ic from Router A, it will work. However, Routers B, and C will have to route the packet before it is finally blocked at Router E. This increases the volume of useless network traffic.

6

Extended Access List Placement Sample Problems E0

E1

Router A

Jan’s Computer

Juan’s Computer

In order to permit packets from Juan’s computer to t o arrive at Jan’s computer you would place the extended access list at router interface ______.

E0

FA0

S0

Router A

Lisa’s Computer

FA1

S1 Router B

Paul’s Computer

Lisa has been sending unnecessary unnecessary information to Paul. Where would you place the extended ACL to deny all traffic from Lisa to Paul? Router Name ______________ Interface ___________

Router A

FA0

Where would you place the extended ACL to deny traffic from Paul to Lisa? Router Name ______________ Interface ___________

Router B

FA1

7

Extended Access List Placement Router B S0 S1 Router A FA0

S0 S1

Ricky’s Computer

E1 S1 Router C

Jenny’s Computer

Amanda’s Computer

Carrol’s Computer

George’s Computer

Kathy’s Computer

S1 Router D

FA0

Jeff’s Computer

S0 Jim’s Computer

S1 FA0

S0

Router E

Linda’s Computer

8

Sarah’s Computer

FA1 S1 Router F

Jackie’s Computer

Melvin’s Computer

Extended Access List Placement 1. Where would you place an ACL to deny traffic from Jeff’s computer from reaching George’s computer? 2. Where would you place an extended access list to permit traffic from Jackie’s computer to reach Linda’s computer?

Router D FA0 FA 0 Router F Router Name_________________ Interface ____________________ FA1 Router Name_________________ Interface ____________________

Router A FA0 FA 0

3. Where would you place an extended access list to deny traffic to Carrol’s computer from Ricky’s computer?


4. Where would you place an extended access list to deny traffic to Sarah’s Sarah’s computer from Jackie’s computer?


5. Where would you place an extended access list to permit traffic from Carrol’s computer to reach Jeff’s computer?


6. Where would you place an extended access list to deny traffic from Melvin’s computer from reaching Jeff and Jim’s computer?


7. Where would you place an extended access list to permit traffic from George’s computer to reach Jeff’s computer?


8. Where would you place an extended access list to permit traffic from Jim’s computer to reach Carrol and Amanda’s computer?


9. Where would you place an ACL to deny traffic from Linda’s computer from reaching Kathy’s computer?


10. Where would you place an extended access list to deny traffic to Jenny’s computer from Sarah’s computer?

Router F FA1 Router C E1

Router F FA1 Router C E1

Router D FA0 FA 0

Router E FA0 FA 0 Router E Router Name_________________ Interface ____________________ FA0 FA 0 Router C E1

11. Where would you place an extended access list to permit traffic from George’s computer to reach Linda and Sarah’s computer?


12. Where would you place an extended access list to deny traffic from Linda’s computer from reaching Jenny’s computer?


Router E FA0 FA 0

9

Choosing to Filter Incoming or Outgoing Packets Access Lists on your incoming port... ...requires less CPU processing. ...filters and denys packets before the router has to make a routing decision. Access Lists on your outgoing port... ...are outbound by default unless otherwise specified. ...increases the CPU processing time because the routing decision is made and the packet switched to the correct outgoing port before it is tested against the ACL.

Breakdown of a Standard ACL Statement

permit or deny

wildcard mask

access-list 1 permit 192.168.90.36 0.0.0.0

autonomous number 1 to 99

source address

permit or deny

source address

access-list 78 deny host 192.168.90.36 log

autonomous number 1 to 99

10

indicates a specific host address

(Optional) generates a log entry on the router for each packet that matches this statement

Breakdown of an Extended ACL Statement

protocol icp, icmp, tcp, udp, ip, autonomous etc. number 100 to 199

source wildcard mask

destination wildcard mask

access-list 125 permit ip 192.168.90.36 0.0.0.0 192.175.63.12 0.0.0.0

permit or deny

source address

protocol icp, icmp, tcp, udp, autonomous indicates a ip, number specific etc. 100 to 199 host

destination address port number (23 = telnet) destination address

access-list 178 deny tcp host 192.168.90.36 host 192.175.63.12 eq 23 log

permit or deny

source indicates a operator specific eq for = address gt for > host lt for < neg for = Protocols Include: (Optional) IP I G MP IPINIP generates a log TC P G RE OS P F entry on the UDP IGRP NOS router for each I C MP E I GRP Integer 0-255 packet that matches this To match any internet protocol use IP. statement

11

What are Named Access Control Lists? Named ACLs... ...are standard or extended ACLs which have an alphanumeric name instead of a number. (ie. 1-99 or 100-199)

Named Access Lists Information Named Access Lists... ...identify ACLs with an intuutive name instead of a number. ...eliminate the limits imposed by using numbered ACLs. (798 for standard and 799 for extended) ...provide the ability to modify your ACLs without deleting and reloading the revised access list. It will only allow you to add statements to the end of the exsisting statements. ...are not compatable with any IOS prior to Release 11.2. ...can not repeat the same name on multiple ACLs.

Applying a Standard Standard Named Access List called “George” Write a named standard access list on Router A, interface E1 to block Melvin’s computer from sending information to Kathy’s computer; but will allow all other traffic. Place the access list at: Router Name: Interface: Access-list #:

Router A E1 George

[Writing and installing an ACL]

configure terminal (or config t) access-list standard George access-list deny host 72.16.70.35 access-list permit any interface e1 ip access-group George out exit exit

Router# Router(config)# Router(config)# Router(config)# Router(config)# Router(config-if)# Router(config-if)# Router(config)#

12

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13

Choices for Using Wildcard Masks Wildcard masks are usually set up to do one of four things: 1. Match a specific host. 2. Match an entire subnet. 3. Match a specific range. 4. Match all addresses.

1. Matching a specific host. For standard access lists: Access-List 10 permit 192.168.150.50 0.0.0.0 or ACL’s Access-List 10 permit 192.168.150.50 (standard assume a 0.0.0.0 mask) or Access-List 10 permit host 192.168.150.50 For extended access lists: Access-list 110 deny ip 192.168.150.50 0.0.0.0 any or Access-list 110 deny ip host 192.168.150.50 any 2. Matching an entire subnet Example 1 Address: 192.168.50.0 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Access-list 25 deny 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 Example 2 Address: 172.16.0.0 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Access-list 12 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 Example 3 Address: 10.0.0.0 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 Access-list 125 deny udp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any 14

3. Match a specific range Example 1 Address: 10.250.50.112 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224 255. 255. 255. 25 255 5 Custom Subnet mask: -255. 255. 255. 22 224 4 Wildcard: 0. 0. 0. 3 1 Access-list 125 permit udp 10.250.50.112.0.0.0.31 any e

Example 2 Address Range: 192.168.16.0 to 192.168.16.127

Wildcard:

192. 168. 16.12 127 7 -192. 168. 16. 0 0. 0. 0.12 127 7

Access-list 125 deny ip 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.127 any (This ACL would block the lower half of the subnet.) Example 3 Address: 172.250.16.32 to 172.250.31.63

Wildcard:

172. 250. 31. 63 -172. 250. 16. 32 0. 0. 15. 31

Access-list 125 permit ip 172.250.16.32 0.0.15.31 any 4. Match everyone. For standard access lists: Access-List 15 permit any or Access-List 15 deny 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 For extended access lists: Access-List 175 permit ip any any or Access-List 175 deny tcp 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 any

15

Creating Wildcard Masks Just like a subnet mask the wildcard mask tells the router what part of the address to check or ignore. Zero (0) must match exactly, exactly, one (1) will be ignored. The source address can be a single address, addre ss, a range of addresses, or an entire subnet. As a rule of thumb the wildcard mask is i s the reverse of the subnet mask. Example #1: IP Ad Addr dres ess s an and d su subn bnet et ma mask sk:: IP Ad Addre dress ss an and d wi wildc ldcard ard mas mask: k:

204.10 204. 100. 0.10 100. 0.0 0 25 255. 5.25 255. 5.25 255. 5.0 0 204.1 204 .100. 00.10 100.0 0.0 0. 0.0.0 0.0.25 .255 5

All zero’s (or 0.0.0.0) means the address must match exactly. Example #2: 10.1 10 .10. 0.15 150. 0.95 95 0. 0.0. 0.0. 0.0 0

(Thi (T his s ad addr dres ess s mu must st ma matc tch h ex exac actl tly y.)

One’s will be ignored. Example #3: 10.10.1 10. 10.150.9 50.95 5 0.0. 0.0.0.2 0.255 55

(Any 10.1 (Any 10.10.15 0.150.0 0.0 subn subnet et addr address ess will matc match. h. 10.10.150.0 to 10.10.150.255)

This also works with subnets. Example #4: IP Ad Addr dres ess s an and d su subn bnet et ma mask sk:: IP Ad Addre dress ss an and d wi wildc ldcard ard ma mask: sk:

Do th the e mat math. h... .. 2 255 55 - 255 255 = 0 255 - 224 = 31 Example #5: IP Ad Addr dres ess s an and d su subn bnet et ma mask sk:: IP Ad Addre dress ss an and d wild wildca card rd mas mask: k: Do the math... 255 - 255 = 0 255 - 128 = 127 255 - 0 = 255

16

192.17 192. 170. 0.25 25.3 .30 0 25 255. 5.25 255. 5.25 255. 5.22 224 4 192. 19 2.170 170.2 .25.3 5.30 0 0. 0.0.0 0.0.31 .31 (Subtract the subnet mask from 255.255.255.255 to create the wildcard) (Thi (T his s is th the e in inve vers rse e of th the e su subn bnet et ma mask sk.) .)

172.24 172. 24.1 .128 28.0 .0 255. 255.25 255. 5.12 128. 8.0 0 172.2 172 .24.1 4.128 28.0 .0 0.0 0.0.12 .127. 7.255 255 (This is the inverse of the subnet mask.)

Wildcard Mask Problems 1.

Create Crea te a wil wildc dcar ard d mas mask k to to mat match ch th this is ex exac actt add addre ress ss.. IP Address: 192.168.25.70 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.255.0 ___________________________________

0.0.0.0

2.

Create Crea te a wi wild ldca card rd ma mask sk to ma matc tch h th this is ra rang nge. e. IP Address: 210.150.10.0 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.255.0 ___________________________________

0 . 0 . 0 . 255

3.

Cre rea ate a wild ldc card mas mask k to to ma match th this host st.. IP Address: 195.190.10.35 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.255.0 __________________________________

0.0.0.0

4.

Create Crea te a wi wild ldca card rd ma mask sk to ma matc tch h th this is ra rang nge. e. IP Address: 172.16.0.0 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 __________________________________

0 . 0 . 255 . 255

5.

Create Crea te a wi wild ldca card rd ma mask sk to ma matc tch h th this is ra rang nge. e. IP Address: 10.0.0.0 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 __________________________________

0 . 255 . 255 . 255

6.

Create Crea te a wil wildc dcar ard d mas mask k to to mat match ch th this is ex exac actt add addre ress ss.. IP Address: 165.100.0.130 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.255.192 __________________________________

0.0.0.0

7.

Create Crea te a wi wild ldca card rd ma mask sk to ma matc tch h th this is ra rang nge. e. IP Address: 192.10.10.16 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.255.224 __________________________________

0 . 0 . 0 . 31

8.

Create Crea te a wi wild ldca card rd ma mask sk to ma matc tch h th this is ra rang nge. e. IP Address: 171.50.75.128 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.255.192 __________________________________

0 . 0 . 0 . 63

9.

Cre rea ate a wild ldc card mas mask k to to ma match th this host st.. IP Address: 10.250.30.2 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 __________________________________

0.0.0.0

10.. 10

Create Crea te a wil wildc dcar ard d mas mask k to to mat match ch th this is ra rang nge. e. IP Address: 210.150.28.16 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.255.248 __________________________________

0.0.0.7

11.


0 . 0 . 31 . 255

12.. 12


0.0.0.7

17

Wildcard Mask Problems Based on the given information list the usable source addresses or range of usable source addresses that would be permitted or denied for each access list statement. 1. access-list 10 permit 192.168.150.50 0.0.0.0

192.168.150.50

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 2. access-list 5 permit any

Any address

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 172.168.10. 1 fragments 3. access-list 125 deny tcp 195.223.50.0 0.0.0.63 host 172.168.10.1

195.223.50.1 to 195.223.50.63

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 4. access-list 11 deny 210.10.10.0 0.0.0.255

210.10.10.1 to 210.10.10.254

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 5. access-list 108 deny ip 192.220.10.0 0.0.0.15 172.32.4.0 0.0.0.255

192.220.10.1 to 192.220.10.15

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 6. access-list 171 deny any host 175.18.24.10 fragments

Any Address

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 7. access-list 105 permit 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.255 any

192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.254

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 8. access-list 109 permit tcp 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.255 host 192.168.10.1 eq 80

172.16.10.1 to 172.16.10.254

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 9. access-list 111 111 permit ip any any

Any Address

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 10. access-list 195 permit udp 172.30.12.0 0.0.0.127 172.50.10.0 0.0.0.255

172.30.12.1 to 172.30.12.127

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________

18

11. access-list 110 permit ip 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.3 192.168.30.10 0.0.0.0 0.0.0. 0

192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.3

Answer: _________________________________________________________________ 12. access-list 120 permit ip 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.7 192.168.30.10 0.0.0.0

192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.7


192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.15


192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.31


192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.63

Answer: _________________________________________________________________ 16. access-list 101 Permit ip 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.127 192.168.30.10 0.0.0.0

192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.127

Answer:__________________________________________________________________ 17. access-list 185 permit ip 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 0.0.0. 255

192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.254

Answer: _________________________________________________________________ 18. access-list 160 deny udp 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255 172.18.10.18 172.18. 10.18 0.0.0.0 gt 22

172.16.0.1 to 172.16.1.254

Answer: _________________________________________________________________ 19. access-list 195 permit icmp 172.85.0.0 0.0.15.255 172.50.10.0 0.0.0.255

172.85.0.1 to 172.85.15.254

Answer: _________________________________________________________________ 20. access-list 10 permit 175.15.120.0 0.0.0.255

175.15.120.1 to 175.15.120.254

Answer: _________________________________________________________________ 21. access-list 190 permit tcp 172.15.0.0 0.0.15.31 any

172.15.0.1 to 172.15.15.31


10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254

Answer: _________________________________________________________________ 19

Wildcard Mask Problems Based on the given information list the usable destination addresses or range of usable destination addresses that would be permitted or denied for each access list statement. 172.168.10. 1 fragments 1.access-list 125 deny tcp 195.223.50.0 0.0.0.63 host 172.168.10.1 1.access-list

172.168.10.1

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 2. access-list 5 permit any any

Any address

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 3. access-list 150 permit ip 192.168.30.10 0.0.0.0 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.63

195.168.50.1 to 195.223.50.63

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 4. access-list 120 deny tcp 172.32.4.0 0.0.0.255 192.220.10.0 0.0.0.15

192.220.10.1 to 192.220.10.15

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 5. access-list 108 deny ip 192.220.10.0 0.0.0.15 172.32.4.0 0.0.0.255

172.32.4.1 to 172.32.4.254

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 6. access-list 101 deny ip 140.130.110.100 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 255.255.255. 255

Any Address

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 7. access-list 105 permit any 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.255

192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.254


192.168.30.1 to 192.168.30.7

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________ 9. access-list 160 deny udp 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255 172.18.10.18 172.1 8.10.18 0.0.0.0 eq 21

172.18.10.18


192.168.30.1 to 192.168.30.63

Answer: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________

20

Writing Standard St andard Access Lists...

Router A 192.168.90.2 172.16.70.1 E1 E0 S0 Jim’s 210.30.28.0 Computer 192.168.90.36 172.16.70.32 Frank’s Computer

Melvin’s Computer

Kathy’s Computer

192.168.90.38

172.16.70.35

Standard Access List Sample #1 Write a standard access list to block Melvin’s computer from sending information to Kathy’s computer; but will allow all other traffic. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written. Place the access list at: Router Name: Interface: Access-list #:

Router A E1 10


configure terminal (or config t) access-list 10 deny 172.16.70.35 or access-list 10 deny 72.16.70.35 0.0.0.0 or access-list 10 deny host 72.16.70.35 Router(config)# access-list 10 permit 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 or access-list 10 permit any Router(config)# interface e1 Router(config-if)# ip access-group 10 out Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)# exit Router# Router(config)#

[Viewing information about existing e xisting ACL’s]

22

Router#

show configurati configuration on

(This will show which access groups are associated with particular interfaces)

Router#

show access list 10

(This will show detailed information about this ACL)

Standard Access List Sample #2 Write a standard access list to block Jim’s computer from sending information informatio n to Frank’s computer; but will allow all other traffic from the 192.168.90.0 192.168.90.0 network. Permit all traffic from the 210.30.28.0 network to reach the 172.16.70.0 network. Deny all other traffic. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL ACL can be written. Place the access list at: Router Name: Interface: Access-list #:

Router A E0 28


configure terminal access-list 28 deny 192.168.90.36 or access-list 28 deny 192.168.90.36 0.0.0.0 or access-list 28 deny host 192.168.90.36 Router(config)# access-list 28 permit 192.168.90.0 0.0.0.255 Router(config)# access-list 28 permit 210.30.28.0 0.0.0.255 Router(config)# interface e0 Router(config-if)# ip access-group 28 out Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)# exit Router# copy run start Router# Router(config)#

[Disabling [Disabli ng ACL’s] ACL’s]

configure terminal interface e0 no ip access-group 28 out exit exit

Router# Router(config)# Router(config-if)# Router(config-if)# Router(config)#

[Removing an ACL]

configure terminal interface e0 no ip access-group 28 out exit no access-list 28 Router(config)# exit Router# Router(config)# Router(config-if)# Router(config-if)# Router(config)#

23

FA0 S0 224.190.32.1 Router A Router B S1

E1 192.16.32.94

FA0

172.16.28.36

Michael’s Computer

224.190.32.16

Debbie’s Computer

192.16.32.95

Standard Access List Problem #1 Write a standard access list to block Debbie’s computer from receiving receivin g information from Michael’s computer; but will allow all other traffic from the 224.190.32.0 network. network. List all the command line options for this problem. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written. Place the access list at: Router Name: ___________________________ Interface: _______________________________ Access-list #: ____________________________

Router B FA0 35 (1-99)

[Writing and installing an ACL] Router#

configure terminal (or config t)

access-list 35 deny 224.190.32.16 or access-list 35 deny host 224.190.32.16 ________________________________________________________ or access-list 35 deny 224.190.32.16 0.0.0.0 ________________________________________________________ access-list 35 permit any Router(config)# ________________________________________________________ or access-list 35 permit 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 ______________________________________________________ FA0 Router(config)# interface ________ 35 i n or out (circle one) Router(config-if)# ip access-group ________ Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)# exit Router(config)# ________________________________________________________

24

Standard St andard Access List Problem #2 Write a standard access list to permit Debbie’s computer to receive information from Michael’s computer; but will deny all other traffic from the 224.190.32.0 224.190.32.0 network. Block all traffic from the 172.16.0.0 network. Permit all other traffic. List all the command line options for this problem. Keep in mind that there may be be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written. Place the access list at: Router Name: ___________________________ Interface: _______________________________ Access-list #: ____________________________

Router B FA0 4 0 (1 - 9 9 )


configure terminal (or config t) access-list 40 permit 224.190.32.16 or ________________________________________________________ access-list 40 permit host 224.190.32.16 or ________________________________________________________ access-list 40 permit 224.190.32.16 0.0.0.0

Router(config)# ________________________________________________________

access-list 40 deny 224.190.32.0 0.0.255.255 access-list 40 deny 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 Router(config)# _________________________________________________________ access-list 40 permit any Router(config)# _________________________________________________________ or access-list 40 permit 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 _______________________________________________________ FA0 Router(config)# interface ________ 40 i n or out (circle one) Router(config-if)# ip access-group ________ Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)# exit Router(config)# _________________________________________________________

25

Router A 204.90.30.124 E0 S0 10.250.30.35

Carol’s Computer Rodney’s Computer

Router B

S1 10.250.30.36

Jim’s Computer

FA1 192.168.88.4

192.168.88.5

204.90.30.125

204.90.30.126

Standard Access List Problem #3 Write a standard access list to block Rodney and Carol’s computer from sending information to Jim’s computer; but will allow all other traffic from the 204.90.30.0 network. network. Block all other traffic. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written. Place the access list at: Router Name: ___________________________ Interface: _______________________________ Access-list #: ____________________________



configure terminal (or config t) access-list 45 deny 204.90.30.125 Router(config)# or access-list 45 deny host 204.90.30.125 or access-list 45 deny 204.90.30.125 0.0.0.0 access-list 45 deny 204.90.30.126 or access-list 45 deny host 204.90.30.126 or access-list 45 deny 204.90.30.126 0.0.0.0 access-list 45 permit 204.90.30.0 0.0.0.255 FA1 Router(config)# interface ________ Router#

45 i n or out (circle one) ip access-group ________ exit exit

Router(config-if)# Router(config-if)# Router(config)#

26

Standard St andard Access List Problem #4 Using a minimum number of commands write a standard access list named “Ralph” to block Carol’s computer from sending information to Jim’s computer; but will permit permi t Jim to receive data from Rodney. Rodney. Block the upper half of the 204.90.30.0 range from reaching Jim’s computer while permitting permitting the lower half of the range. Block all other traffic. For help with blocking the upper half of the range review page 13 or the wildcard wildcar d mask problems on pages 16 and 17. For help with named ACLs review pages 12 and 13. Place the access list at: Router Name: ___________________________ Interface: _______________________________ Access-list Name: ____________________________

Router B FA1 Ralph


configure terminal (or config t) access-list standard Ralph

Router(config)# ________________________________________________________

access-list permit 204.90.30.0 0.0.0.127

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Router(config)#

FA1 interface ________ Ralph i n or out (circle one) ip access-group ________ exit exit


27

Router B S0 S1 Router A 172.30.225.1 E 0 S0 S1

E 1 212.180.10.5 S1 Router C 212.180.10.6

172.30.225.2 172.30.225.3

212.180.10.2

Standard Access List Problem #5 Write a standard access list to block 172.30.225.2 and 172.30.225.3 from sending information to the 212.180.10.0 network; but will allow all other traffic. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written. Place the access list at: Router Name: ___________________________ Interface: _______________________________ Access-list #: ____________________________

Router C E1 55 (1-99)



Router(config)#

access-list 55 deny 172.30.225.2 or access-list 55 deny host 172.30.225.2 or ________________________________________________________ access-list 55 deny 172.30.225.2 0.0.0.0 access-list 55 deny 172.30.225.3 or access-list 55 deny host 172.30.225.3 or access-list 55 deny 172.30.225.3 0.0.0.0 ________________________________________________________

access-list 55 permit any E1 Router(config)# interface ________ 55 i n or out (circle one) Router(config-if)# ip access-group ________ Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)# exit 28

Standard St andard Access List Problem #6 Write a standard access list to block and log 212.180.10.2 from sending information to the 172.30.225.0 network. Permit and log 212.180.10.6 to send data to the 172.30.225.0 network. Deny all other traffic. Keep in mind that there there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written. (Check the example on page 10 for help with the logging option.) Place the access list at: Router Name: ___________________________ Interface: _______________________________ Access-list #: ____________________________

Router A E0 6 0 (1 - 9 9 )



Router(config)#

access-list 60 deny 212.180.10.2 log or access-list 60 deny host 212.180.10.2 log or access-list 60 deny 212.180.10.2 0.0.0.0 log ________________________________________________________ access-list 60 permit 212.180.10.6 log or access-list 60 permit host 212.180.10.6 log or access-list 60 permit 212.180.10.6 0.0.0.0 log ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

Router(config)#

E0 interface ________ 60 i n or out (circle one) ip access-group ________ exit exit


29

Router C

Router A S0 S1 FA0

S1 198.32.10.25

Router B S0

192.168.15.172

210.140.15.1

FA0

FA1

192.168.15.3

210.140.15.8

198.32.10.25

Standard St andard Access List Problem #7 Write a standard access list to block the addresses 192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.31 from sending information to the 210.140.15.0 network. Do not permit any traffic from 198.32.10.25 to reach the 210.140.15.0 network. Permit all other traffic. For help with this problem review page 13 or the wildcard mask problems on pages 16 and 17. Place the access list at: Router Name: ___________________________ Interface: _______________________________ Access-list #: ____________________________



configure terminal (or config t) access-list 65 deny 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.31 access-list 65 deny 198.32.10.25

Router(config)# ________________________________________________________

or access-list 65 deny host 198.32.10.25 or access-list 65 deny 198.32.10.25 0.0.0.0 ________________________________________________________ access-list 65 permit any

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Router(config)#

FA1 interface ________ 65 i n or out (circle one) ip access-group ________ exit exit


30

Standard St andard Access List Problem #8 Write a standard named access list called “Cisco_Lab_A” to permit traffic from the lower half of the 198.32.10.0 network to reach 192.168.15.0 network; block the upper half of the addresses. Allow host 198.32.10.192 to reach network 192.168.15.0. Permit all other traffic. For help with this problem review page 13 or the wildcard masks problems on pages 16 and 17. For assistance with named ACLs review pages 12 and 13. Place the access list at: Router Name: ___________________________ Interface: _______________________________ Access-list Name: ____________________________

Router A FA0 Cisco_Lab_A


configure terminal (or config t) access-list standard Cisco_Lab_A Router(config)# ________________________________________________________ access-list permit 198.32.10.0 0.0.0.127 ________________________________________________________ Router#

access-list deny 198.32.10.0 0.0.0.255 access-list permit any ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Router(config)#

FA0 interface ________ Cisco_Lab_A i n or out (circle one) ip access-group __________________ exit exit


31

Standard Access List Problem #9 Write a standard access list to block network 192.168.255.0 from receiving information info rmation from the following addresses: 10.250.1.1, 10.250.2.1, 10.250.4.1, and the entire 10.250.3.0 255.255.255.0 network. Allow all other traffic. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written. Place the access list at: Router Name: ___________________________ Interface: _______________________________ Access-list #: ____________________________

Router A FA0 75 ( 1 - 9 9 )


configure terminal (or config t) access-list 75 deny 10.250.1.1 Router(config)# or access-list 75 deny host 10.250.1.1 or access-list 75 deny 10.250.1.1 0.0.0.0 ________________________________________________________ access-list 75 deny 10.250.2.1 or access-list 75 deny host 10.250.2.1 or access-list 75 deny 10.250.2.1 0.0.0.0 ________________________________________________________ access-list 75 deny 10.250.4.1 or access-list 75 deny host 10.250.4.1 or access-list 75 deny 10.250.4.1 0.0.0.0 ________________________________________________________ Router#

access-list 75 deny 10.250.3.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 75 permit any ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________ Router(config)#

FA0 interface ________ 75 i n or out (circle one) ip access-group ________ exit exit


32

Writing Extended Access Lists...

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5 0 . 5 5 5 0 . 5 2 2 . 5 2 0 3 . . . 0 . 2 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 7 . . 2 2 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 . 1 . 0 5 . 0 0 2 2 . 0 0 7 . 7 . 5 7 . 6 1 5 1 6 0 . t 2 7 . 1 . 6 2 s 0 . 7 o 2 1 h . 0 7 1 . 1 2 7 7 0 . 7 0 2 0 2 . 1 1 . . 1 5 0 . 6 0 0 5 . . 0 2 . 0 . 3 . 0 . . 0 0 5 . 0 0 5 6 9 2 8 0 . 3 . . 0 . 6 5 0 0 5 0 1 . 9 9 . 2 . 2 . 9 . y 5 8 8 9 8 n 5 6 6 6 1 1 1 . a 2 . 1 . t y 2 s 2 9 n 0 2 o . 9 1 a 0 9 h . 1 1 p n 0 . i i p p p p i i i i t 0 5 r y y r p y i y r i 3 o o m n n r o n e n 1 e e e t e p d d d d p i m u r e o 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 p r 3 1 g 1 1 1 1 5 1 t t t t 3 a s 1 f s s l t s s s s i l i l i l i l i t e e l ] a n s c c L i - - - - - i a c s s s l s s C m a t t s s s A r s e s i s f r e e e s r p x n e e i c e e c c c e t a a t c c c c c c t t c # i s g e a a a a a c # n ) x a i ) n e f r i n f l # # # i # l u # u i ) ) ) a g ) - r ) t g g g g g g g s i i i i f i i y i i n n f f f i f f p f f n n n n n n d o n o o o o o o o o c n c c c c c c c c a ( g # r r n e e i t t t i r u u o o W R R [

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t u o 5 3 1 p u o r g s s 1 e c l e c a a e c p n i a i t f o i m x r r n e t e e i t t # # x ) i ) e n e f f r # i i # u ) - ) ] g g s i g g g ’ i i i i f L n f f f f C o n n n n A c o o o o c c c c g n i l b a s i D [


35

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36

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; 5 1 . 2 . 9 e 5 . h 2 t 7 f 1 o t y n s a r a e m e t s s u y s p a m e w o r c l e s i d ’ p t l d a c u A c e m b e c e b i f R y i t o c n a m e i o e r p t e h S a t m r t t a o h i f t n i m d r n d n i e e s m n P o i / t y 2 p e e n 1 . K 0 e 5 . . c D 5 i f 3 . f a r 8 t 1 r 2 e t h t 4 a r l o e l # t a u t i p m m m r e o l e . c P n b ’ s . t e n 8 t o i r r a . w u 1 P J 2 . e b w 9 t l 5 o . n s a i l a 2 7 c L t o 1 L t C a s t s l r A s i e n e s s t u a p i n c e c m s c c t a o c A d s n e e ’ l m d d e t n a e e t e h a t d x c s a l n e R a e n u a t t d o i e n v x t i t i r u d E W b n i

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t u o 8 8 1 p u o r 8 g 8 - 1 s t s s e i 0 c l e l c a s a e c p s n i a i t e f o i m x c r r e c n a t e e t t # # o i ) ) i n x e n e f f ] r # i i # # L u ) - ) ) C g g g g g g A i i i i i i f f f f f f n n n a o n n n n o o o o g c c c c c o c n # i ( ( ( ( ( v r r r r r r o e e e e e e t t t t t m t u u u u u e u o o o o o o R [ R R R R R R

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n i 1 2 1 p u o r g s s 0 e a c l f c a a e c n i a p i t f o i m x r r n e t e e i t t # # x n ) ) e i f e f r i # i # u ) - ) ] g g g g g s ’ i i i i i L f f f f f n C o n n n n A c o o o o c c c c g n i l b a s i D [

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t u o r o n i _ r _ e _ t _ _ n _ e _ _ C _ _ _ _ a i_ _ d _ e _ M _ _ _ p _ u _ o _ r 0 _ g _ S _ _ s _ s e e c c a c t t f a i r r p i x e e t a t t # i n s # ) x i f ) e n f i # u # i ) r ) g g g i g i y i i f f f p f n n n n o o o o o c c c c c ( # ( ( ( r r r r r e e e e e t t t t t u u u u u o o o o o R R R R R

49

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n . i p k r e o e w K t . e c n i f f s 0 . a r e 5 t 7 s 2 . r e s 2 h t . o e r 2 7 l a d 1 l t i e d h t r A h m e f c P . o a e r k r e t o o w g k t r n o e n a t w 0 . 5 R e n 7 . a 0 . 2 2 t . i 0 2 . 2 6 7 m . 1 r 1 e e 2 9 h t 1 g P / e i n y h t h c n i n a e s e r D e s m s o r e r f d 1 3 . . a 0 1 d n e 2 1 l . t e b # a 6 t i . r s 1 2 u m 3 9 w e e t 1 b l s r h n b i f g u a c o e o L r r h h C t P t i t A 4 . s t m r 0 i h s e 2 . t i p 6 s o 1 L t y . t 2 a s i s 9 w e 1 l s l p s m e s i t l o c e r u c f c c a s m e e A d r e s s a d d e n r e e t e d r e d h d x t a t n e e a n h e a t t t e y h d t x i n r n e E W D i m

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e e c c a c t t f a i r r p x i e e t a t t # i n s # x i ) ) f e n f i # u # i ) r ) g g g g i i y i i f f f p f n n n n o o o o o c c c c c ( # ( ( ( r r r r r e e e e e t t t t t u u u u u o o o o o R R R R R

51

s r ’ e 4 e t 0 s i u 2 n p . e m o D C 8

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s y e a h t w f l o e p s f i l a t e l u s h r m s e e w b e o y r l e a d h t d h m e r A c e a h f e t r t o t o a h t e k d g r o i n n t w m a e n n i R 0 . p e a 8 e 8 . K t i 8 . 6 i c 1 f m . f r 2 a r t e 9 1 r e P e h / h t t y i o l l n n a e s e y D s s n e e r D d f . d l . a a n 3 l e h e r t 1 b t e i r # a s p p u u w e m 3 e b 6 e t h n t l t s r o a c b i f n L o e t u C r h t b A t ; n P i k a t m r r o n i s e w i p t t s o e L t n n e t 0 s i s . m e s l t s 0 7 . t a e s 6 s c e 1 . l c 2 c c a 7 a u A d 1 d i e e i v d d h d n t n e t n i d e e x i s h e t n n e s f e o a t e s e r y x t n i r d a E W d a m

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e e c c a c f a t r p i x e i t e n i


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53

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n # i ( ( ( ( ( v r r r r r r o e e e e e e t t t t t m t u u u u u e u o o o o o o R [ R R R R R R

t u o 4 3 1 p u o r g s s e 0 c l e c a a e c n i a p i t f o i m r r e n x e t e t i t n # # x ) e i ) e f f r # i i # u ) - ) ] g g g g g s i ’ i i i i L f f f f f C n n n n n A o o o o c o c c c c g n i l b a s i D [


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56

n i p e e K c i f f a r t t e n l e t r e h t o l l a y n e . t D n e . t e B t i n r r l e w e t e T u o b n t a i R o t c n L m t C r i e A e l n n e a P / t n o i y t s n s r t e n e t e u m D p t e m a o t s c l s a ’ b u o d B v 9 d i i d # n i n a e e s h l ’ e t p i s f o m n e y n a D t a S i m t m r s e y s i p a o w L t e t l p s i s i l t l s s u e s m c e c e b c c a y a A d e m d e d n r r t e a e x h t d e t a n n a h t a t e d t i n r i S W m

d e t a i c o s s a e r a s p u o r g s s e ) c s c a e h c a c f i r h t e w n i w r o a h l u s i c l l t i r w a s p i h h t i T ( w

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. n e t t i r w e b n a c s r L e C b A n a m i n u t N s n e t r m e o . t a t P 3 s 1 l . t a i 6 u 7 . d i m 0 v r 3 . i d e 2 n 9 i P e / 1 h t y h u f n g o o r y e h n D t a 0 . m 6 s 7 . y 0 a 3 . w 2 l 9 e p 1 i t l s u 0 e s m 1 s e e r b # d d y a e l a p m p i e o r t e m P h t a T t a S F h t y t n d s d e i n i L t o m n t i s i s p s l e s e e s K e c c . c c c a i f f A d a r e t d d n r e e t e h t d x o l n e l n a e t i t a e m x t i r r e E W P

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t u o 5 5 1 p u o 5 r g 5 - 1 s t s s e i 0 c l l e c a s a e s n p i c e a i t i c f m o x r r e n e c a t e t t n # # o i ) ) n x e i e f f ] r # i i # # L u ) - ) ) C g g g g g g A i i i i i i f f f f f f n n a o n n n n n o o o o g c o c c c c c n # i ( ( ( ( ( v r r r r r r o e e e e e e t t t t t m t u u u u u e u o o o o o o R [ R R R R R R

t u o 5 5 1 p u o r g s s e 0 c e l c a a e c p n i a i t f o i m x r r n e t e e i t t # # x n ) ) e i f e f r # # i i u ) - ) ] g g g g g s ’ i i i i i L f f f f f C n n n n n o A c o o o o c c c c g n i l b a s i D [

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d n a l 0 . a u 5 d 5 i v 2 . i d 5 i 5 n 2 . e 5 h t 5 f 2 o s . y r 0 5 n a e 2 . m b 1 6 s y . a m 1 u 2 7 w e l N 1 p e i t l t h r t u o h c m e P a b e r y a t o a t m i k r e o r m e w h r t t e e n t a P h 0 t / 5 . d y 4 n . n 8 i m e 2 1 i . n D 2 p 9 e 1 e e K h . t 5 i c f 1 m f o a # f r t r r c e f m i f h t a e t r o l l b P l a M y o r C I n e i D P t . . t m r s n e s p k e r t i t i o o w r L t w t t e e s s i n b s l s 0 . n e s a 5 e c c 5 c 2 c c . L a 5 C A d 5 A e 2 . n d d 5 a n e e 5 n i 2 d t x 0 t s . n n e n 2 . e e 0 m t a e 5 e x t i . t r 2 a t E W 0 1 s

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 _ _ _ 9 _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _ _ B _ _ 0 _ _ 1 _ _ r _ ( _ e _ _ _ : _ _ _ t t _ 1 _ _ 5 a u _ _ t o _ A _ 7 _ s i _ _ l R _ 1 F _ _ s _ _ s _ _ _ e : _ : c e _ # c m _ a a :_ t s e N e i l h t r c s a s e f e t e c u r e c a o t l c n A P R I


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63

Optional ACL Commands & Other Network Security Ideas In order to reduce the chance of spoofing from outside your network consider adding the following statements to your network’s inbound access list. router# config t router(config)# access-list 100 deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any router(config)# access-list 100 deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 any router(config)# access-list 100 deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any router(config)# access-list 100 deny ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any router(config)# access-list 100 deny ip 224.0.0.0 31.255.255.255 any router(config)# router(conf ig)# access-list 100 deny ip your-subnetyour-subnet-# # your-subnet-m your-subnet-mask-# ask-# any router(config)# access-list 100 deny igmp any any router(config)# access-list 100 deny icmp any any redirect router(config)# access-list 100 permit any any router(config)# interface e0 (or whatever your inbound port is) router(config-if)# ip access-group in router(config-if)# exit router(config)# exit Another handy security tool is to only allow ip packets out of your network with your source address. router# config t router(config)# access-list access-list 100 permit ip your-subnet-# your-subnet-ma your-subnet-mask-# sk-# any router(config)# interface e0 (or whatever your outbound port is) router(config-if)# ip access-group out router(config-if)# exit router(config)# exit To keep packets with unreachable destinations from entering your network add this command: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 null 0 255 To protect against smurf and other attacks add the following commands to every external interface: no ip directed-broadcast no ip source-route fair-queue scheduler interval 500

64

Index / Table of Contents Access-List Numbers Numbers.............. ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................... ...............Inside ..Inside Cover What are Access Control Lists?. Lists?................. ................................. .................................. ................................. .......................1 .......1 General Access Lists Informatio Information.............. n.............................. ................................ ................................ .........................1 .........1 How routers use Access Lists.............................................................................1 Standard Access Lists.........................................................................................2 Why Standard ACLs must be placed close to the destination..........................2 Standard Access List Placement Sample Problems.........................................3 Standard St andard Access List Placement Problems.. Problems.................... ................................... ................................4 ...............4-5 -5 Extended Access Lists........................................................................................6 Why Extended ACLs must be placed close to the destination.........................6 Extended Access List Placement Sample Problems.. Problems.................. ................................. ......................7 .....7 Extended Access List Placement Problems... Problems..................... ................................... .............................8-9 ............8-9 Choosing to Filter Incoming or Outgoing Packets........................... Packets...........................................1 ................10 0 Breakdown of a Standard ACL Statement........................................................10 Breakdown of a Extended ACL Statement.......................................................11 What are Named Access Control Lists..................................................................12 Named Access Lists Information Information................. ................................... .................................... .................................... .....................12 ...12 Applying a Standard Named Access List called “George”...............................12 Applying an Extended Named Access List called “Gracie”.............................13 Choices for Using Wildcard Masks........ Masks......................... .................................. ................................... ....................14-15 ..14-15 Creating Wildcard Masks...................................................................................16 Wildcard Mask Problems.............................................................................18-20 Writing Writin g St Standard andard Access Lists....... Lists........................... ........................................ ........................................ ......................21-32 ..21-32 Writing Extended Access Lists.....................................................................33-63 Deny/Permit Deny/Perm it Spe Specific cific Addresses.. Addresses..................... ...................................... ..................................33 ...............33-39 -39 Deny/Permit Entire Ranges................................................................40-45 Deny/Permit Deny/Perm it a Range of Addresses.................................... Addresses..................................................46..............46-53 53 Deny/Permit Port Numbers.................................................................54-63 Optional ACL Commands...................................................................................64 Commands...................................................................... .............64 Index / Table of Contents...................................................................................65 Port Numbers...............................................................................66-Inside Cover

65

Port Numbers Port numbers are now assigned by the ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). Commonly used TCP and UDP applications are assigned a port number; such as: HTTP - 80, POP3 - 110, FTP - 20. When an application communicates with another application on another node on the internet, it specifies that application in each data transmission by using its port number. You can also type the name (ie. Telnet) Telnet) instead of the port number (ie. 23). Port numbers range from 0 to 65536 and are divided into three ranges: Well Known Ports Registered Ports Dynamic and/or Private Ports

0 to 1,023 1,024 to 49,151 49,152 to 65,535

Below is a short list of some commonly used ports. For a complete list of port numbers go to http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers.

Some commonly used port numbers: 0 1 5 7 9 11 13 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 29 37 39 42 66

Reserved TCPMUX RJE E CH O DI SCA RD S Y S TAT DAYTIME Q UO TE MS P CHARGEN FTP-DATA F TP S SH Telnet S MTP MSG ICP T I ME RLP NA MES E RV

(TCP Port Service Multiplexer) (Remote Job Entry)

(Active users) (Quote of the day) (Message Send Protocol) (Character generator) (File Transfer Protocol - Data) (File Transfer Protocol - Control) (Remote Login Protocol) (Terminal Connection) (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

(Resource Location Protocol (Host Name Server)

43 49 53 67 68 69 70 75 79 80 95 101 108 109 11 0 11 3 11 5 11 7 11 8 11 9 123 137 139 143 150 156 161 179 190 194 197 389 396 443 444 445 458 546 547 563 569

NICNAME L O GI N DNS BOOTP B O OT P S TFTP GO P H E R

(Who Is) (Login Host Protocol) (Domain Name Server) (Bootstrap Protocol Server) (Bootstrap Protocol Client) (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) (Gopher Services ) (Any Privite Dial-out Service)

FI N G E R HT TP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) SUPDUP (SUPDUP Protocol) HOSTNAME (NIC Host Name Server) SNAGAS (SNA Gateway Access Server) P OP 2 (Post Office Protocol - Version 2) P OP 3 (Post Office Protocol - Version 3) AUTH (Authentication Service) S FTP (Simple File Transfer Protocol) UUCP-PATH (UUCP Path Service) SQLSERV (SQL Services) NNTP (Newsgroup) NTP (Network Tim Protocol) N et B I O S - N S (NetBIOS Name Service) NetBIOS-SSN (NetBIOS Session Service ) I MA P (Interim Mail Access Protocol) SQ L-N E T (NetBIOS Session Service) SQLS RV (SQL Service) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) B GP (Border Gateway Protocol) GA CP (Gateway Access Control Protocol) IRC (Internet Relay Chat) D LS (Directory Location Service) LD A P (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) NETWARE -IP (Novell Netware over IP ) H TT P S (HTTP MCom) S NP P (Simple Network Paging Protocol) Microsoft-DS Apple QuickTime DHCP Client DHCP Server SNE WS MSN

Inside Cover

Access List Solution Access Lists Workbook Teachers Edition

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