ABSTRACTS OF ORAL/POSTER PRESENTATIONS -100th Indian Science Congress

Section I : Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

100th Indian Science Congress January 3-7, 2013, Kolkata

IV ABSTRACTS OF ORAL/POSTER PRESENTATIONS

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CENTENARY SESSION OF THE

Indian Science Congress January 3-7, 2013 Kolkata Part – IV Abstracts of Oral and Poster Presentation

SECTION OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES Pr esident : Prabir Kumar Ghosh SubjecC t ategory PageNo. A . Plant Breeding and Genetics, Plant Genetic Resources 73 B .S eedScienceandTechnology 115 C. Plant Biotechnology, Plant Physiology and Plant Biochemistry 123 D . EconomicandSystematicbotany E. Plant Protection (Agricultural Entomology, Plant Pathology anNdematology) F. Agronomy, Soil and Water Conservation, Agricultural Meteorologa ynd GIS G. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Biology and Microbiology, Agricultural Chemicals H . Agricultural Engineering, Farm Machinery and PHT I . Environmental Sciences and Agroforestry J .H orticulturalSciences

154 155 196 24 5 292 296 309

K. Social Sciences (Agrl. Extension, Agrl. Economics, Statistics) A. Plant Breeding and Genetics, PlantGeneticResources

323

Proc. 100th Indian Science Congress, Part II : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

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ORAL PRESENTATION Soil Carbon Sequestration in Dry Ecosystems of India: Opportunities and Challenges Ahead Ch. Srinivasa Rao Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, 500 059, Andhra Pradesh, India Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Rapid soil organic carbon depletion is a major concern in rain fed ecosystems in India as it is directly influences soil quality and crop productivity and sustainability. Water stress associated with intermittent droughts, high evapotranspiration, high soil erosion, poor soil fertility and thus biomass productivity are other features in the rain fed regions of India. Productivity levels of rain fed crops are far below compared to irrigated areas. Thus, increasing productivity of rain fed crops is an urgent task to meet the food demand of ever increasing population because 57% of the total arable land area of 141 M ha is under rain fed farming. Sorghum, finger millet, pearl millet, maize, upland rice, groundnut, soybean, cotton, food legumes etc are predominant crop production system in rain fed regions. There is a little recycling of organic matter in most of these crop production systems besides crop residue burning is rampant. Generally, with the use of organics either alone or in combination with chemical nutrients, MBC and POC improved irrespective of the cropping systems. Long-term cropping without using any organic amendment and/or mineral fertilizers caused depletion of the SOC stock. The highest rate of depletion was observed in groundnutfinger millet system of 0.92 Mg C/ha/y in semiarid Alfisols followed by 0.67 Mg C/ha/ y in pearl millet based system in Entisols. Root zone SOC stock has direct influence the crop yields of different rain fed crops. The critical level of C input requirements for maintaining SOC at the antecedent level ranged from 1.1 to 3.5 Mg C ha-1y-1 and differed among soil type and production system. The critical level of C input was higher 61


in soybean system and lower in winter sorghum system, and increased with increase in mean annual temperature from hum id to semi-arid to arid ecosystems . Horticulture and agro forestry systems have also a huge potential of C sequestration to the extent of 10 Mg/ha/y in short rotation Eucalyptus, Leucaena plantations. Large scale adoption of interventions like site specific and integrated nutrient management, residue recycling, conservation agriculture (CA) practices, soil application of biochar, tank silts, compost, vermicompost, green manuring, green leaf manuring with gliricidia or leucaena, cover cropping with short duration legumes are some of the strategies needed wider adoption at farm level for effective C sequestration. Some suggested CA (and INM) practices can accrue C credits equivalent to certified emission reduction (CER) and generate income for farmers ranging from US$ 2.84 to 11.14 /ha. National level policy interventions like campaign against residue burning, strengthening soil testing laboratories, stopping shifting cultivation, deforestation, promoting integrated farming systems, clean development mechanisms for generating more CER, payment for ecosystem services need an urgent attention to improve soil health through better C sequestration and increase the overall agronomic productivity of rainfed regions. Developing Pulses for Extreme Weather Conditions P. S. Basu*, Jagdish Singh and Sanjeev Gupta Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR), Kanpur–208 024

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Extreme weather, Pulse production

ABSTRACT

Pulses are rated as most hardy and climate resilient group of species among all major agriculturally important crops. This high tolerance is mainly driven by their unique cellular properties of larger cell elasticity, high bulk modulus, high osmotic adjustment and more water retention capacity. The present climatic change projections indicated 62


consistent warming of India as well as erratic weather pattern particularly temperature extremities affecting he crops adversely across the country. Considering the all climate factors, the crisis of water is most important and almost inevitable by the end of this century. Therefore, only those crops are likely to survive which are having inherent drought tolerance mechanisms. With a genetic background of drought tolerance other abiotic stresses become secondary or minimized to large extent. The adaptive mechanisms of few pulses like chickpea, pigeonpea, greengram and blackgram are evaluated for both thermotolerance and drought using photosynthetic ability at membrane level, carboxylation reactions, photophosphory lation and anti-oxidant activities in addition to carbohydrate metabolism of developing grains. It was observed that calcium – induced modification of membrane transport, and supplementary nitrogen enhanced both drought and heat tolerance in pulses. Comparative studies also indicated that chickpea and pigeonpea are more tolerant to heat being their inherent drought tolerance at cellular level as compared to vigna group greengram and blackgram as they are lacking drought tolerance. The study suggested that breeding heat tolerance is not adequate strategy to develop climate resilient pulses but they should have strong inherent drought tolerance base. Alternate Extension Model through Post Offices for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies R. Roy Burman1*, S. K. Dubey2, J. P. Sharma3, K. Vijayaragavan4, V. Sangeetha5, Ishwari Singh6 and H. S. Gupta7 1,3,5,6,7Director, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 2CATAT, 4Joint Director (Extension). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Alternate extension model, Technology dissemination, Post Office linkages

ABSTRACT

Despite a wide range of reform initiatives in agricultural extension in India in the past decades, the coverage and quality of technology information provided to 63


marginalized and poor farmers is inadequate. Government extension programs, extension services of the national agricultural research system, cooperatives, and nongovernmental extension programs have a very limited outreach. An alternate extension approach has been envisaged involving the postal department staff to reach the unreached. An Action research on establishing linkages with post office in dissemination of agricultural technology was conducted covering 1014 farmers of 30 villages under seven post offices in two Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh. Capacity building of farmers and post office personnel was done to enhance their level of agricultural knowledge. It was observed that more than 90% of the farmers received the seed of above crops sent through post office within 4 – 6 days of despatch. Farmers as well as village post office personnel found this approach very effective for making the improved agricultural technologies available in relatively lesser time and cost. The economic viability of this approach was found superior for low volume-high value crops than high volume crops. Carbon Sequestration Potential under Different Land Use System in Semiarid and Sub-Tropical Soils of India M. C. Manna*, A. Mandal, A. Sahu and Jyoti Thakur

Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038 (M. P.) India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Carbon sequestration, Land use, Cropping system, Semiarid, Subtropical

ABSTRACT

Climate change is among the major global concern of the 21 st century. The impact of continuous crops cultivation with land use management practices on soil C-sequestration rate, efficiency and grain yield increment in different soils of India were assessed. The results indicate that imbalanced fertilization did not encourage C-sequestration in Inceptisol 64


and Alfisol. However, treatment effect was prominently observed for C-sequestration efficiency and rate in Vertisol under sorghum-wheat system. Maximum C sequestration in Vertisol was observed in cotton/ green gram + pigeon pea cropping system (885 kg ha-1y-1) compared to horticulture crop (citrus, 745 kg ha-1y-1). In Alfisol, soil Csequestration was found maximum in intercropping system (castor + pigeonpea, 936 kg ha-1y-1) than monocropping finger millet (130 kg ha-1y-1). Addition of 613 kg ha-1y-1 C input was required to maintain SOC storage equilibrium in sorghum-wheat system in Vertisol whereas in rice-wheat-jute system it amounts to 5562 kgha-1 y-1 in Inceptisol and 4269 kg ha-1y-1 for soybean-wheat system in Alfisol. The results suggest that under intensive cropping system a set of management practices supports better crop productivity and Csequestration. New Niches of Forage Intensification in Eastern India : A Rational Sunil Kumar1, P. K. Ghosh2, B. K. Sahoo3 and C. K. Kundu4 1,2Indian

Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi- 284 003 (UP), University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), 4Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani (West Bengal). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

3Orissa

Keywords : Eastern region, Perennial forages, Problem soil, Non-competitive

land use, Rice fallow ABSTRACT

In eastern region, there is hardly any scope for increase in the area under forages. Owing to population pressure the land use practices are oriented towards food and commercial crops. Cattle depend on grazing and fodder trees and majority of them sustain on poor quality rice straw. Therefore now attempts are being made to utilize the non-conventional areas as new niches of forage production. Nearly 5-7% of the total rice acreage is occupied by field bunds, which make these as an alternative land for 65


accommodating forage species. Sesbania sesban, coppiced Leucaena, rice bean, Patsan, fodder sun hemp and Setaria hold promise for growing on field bunds to

provide supplementary protein rich animal feed without significant reduction in rice yield. In north eastern region, NB hybrid and setaria is being taken in rice field bunds and around bamboo grooves for dairy cum goat farmers. Farmers with marginal and small land holdings and livestock keepers with limited forage requirement can effectively grow forages on bunds. Selected forage species can be grown in non-competitive lands of irrigated farms and irrigation channels of diverse climate as well as broad bunds of rainfed farms. Potential forages for these niches are Napier - bajra hybrid (irrigated areas); Tri-specific hybrid, guinea grass and setaria (rainfed areas). In hilly areas, potential non-competitive land uses for forages are terrace risers or bunds, steep uncultivable slopes, thin natural forests near villages, intensive dairy or goat farming on gentle hill slopes and terraced lands. Some of the forages like guinea grass, signal grass and Congo signal grass are highly suitable to be grown under partial shade of coconut plantations. In eastern coastal belt, forages can be taken under plantation crops and backyard fodder production. Similarly in hilly areas (low lying terraces; non competitive lands (terrace risers/farm bunds); fast growing perennials in back yard/near to animal shed; forage production in goat farms has enough scope. Other promising niches could be utilization of rice fallows by growing lathyrus, cowpea and sesbania, integration of suitable cultivated forages in the problem soils particularly acidic soils, low lying areas, promotion of forage based agroforestry and improvement of natural grasslands by introduction of high yielding grasses and legumes. Small ruminants and small dairy based entrepreneurship by group of farmers and self help group farmers can transform the fate of agrarian society of eastern region. The livestock based production system will not only ensure the regular income but restrict migration of rural youth to cities. This approach needs to be linked with technological backup, policy support, credit facility and marketing for making the system viable.

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Biofortification in Pulses for Nutritional security and Micronutrient Malnutrition Jagdish Singh*, M. S. Aski and P. S. Basu Division of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208 024, UP, India. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Keywords : Biofortification, Micronutrient malnutrition, Pulses

ABSTRACT

Pulses are important source of protein, dietary fiber, iron, folate, zinc, and calcium. Some of the lentil lines are very high in iron concentration and have been shown to contain 55-99 ppm of available iron, compared to one ppm for polished rice, 13 ppm for milled wheat and 30 ppm for yellow corn. The refining operations of cereal grains further degrade the nutritional values by removing the micronutrient rich germ and aleurone layers of the grain. Another important micronutrient, folic acid, plays an important role in foetal development and maintenance of health. Human beings are unable to synthesize folates. A deficiency of this vitamin can cause a range of diseases including some birth defects (such as spina bifida) and megaloblastic anemia. Adequate folate in the diets may reduce a woman’s risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect. Enrichment and fortification has been an effective way to prevent such diseases in the past. Pulses especially dried beans, pea and lentil are good source of folates. The total folate content in pulse grains has also been shown to be higher, chickpea (5570 ìg/kg), mungbean (6250 ìg/kg), lentil (4330 ìg/kg) and filedpea (2730 ìg/kg) as compared to polished rice (78 ìg/ kg), wheat (295 ìg/kg) and maize (212 ìg/kg). The role of naturally biofortified pulse crops high in available iron and folic acid to address the micronutrient malnutrition has been discussed.

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Participatory Water Management in Canal Commands for Improving Productivity K. G. Mandal*, Ashwani Kumar, S. Ghosh, R. K. Mohanty, J. Padhi, A. R. Biswal and M. Raychaudhury Directorate of Water Management (ICAR), Bhubaneswar -751 023, Odisha. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Canal Command, Infrastructure, Water Users Association, Water productivity

ABSTRACT

The eastern region of India has one of the most favourable eco-system for agriculture, yet the agricultural production from this area is much lower than its potential. It is essential to develop reliable water supply system in the canal command through conjunctive use of rain, canal and ground water. Therefore, a project work was initiated in Kuanria Medium Irrigation project (KIP) in Nayagarh district of Odisha to study the technical, operational, environmental and economic feasibility of a canal system augmented with rainwater harvesting and well systems for supplementing canal waters and crop diversification including fish, vegetables and flower production in canal command. The irrigation project has two number of head regulators such as right and left distributaries, which runs for a length of about 18.2 and 16.5 km having design discharges of 2.00 and 3

-1

1.98 m s respectively. There are 10 water users’ association (WUA) distributed over the entire area of the KIP; WUA 1 and 6 are situated at head end, WUA 2, 3, 7 and 8 are in the mid end and WUA 4, 5, 9 and 10 at tail end. Cultivable command area (CCA) under different WUAs ranges from 313.25 (WUA 7) to 501.70 ha (WUA 8). Average farm size is 3.6 acre; 76.6% of total farmers belong to medium household and remaining small (14.1%), large (6.3%) and very large (3.1%). Soils are sandy clay, 36.1 to 39.8% clay, bulk density 1.46 to 1.53 Mg m -3 and organic carbon 0.23 to 0.48% in the 0-120 cm soil depths. Total annual rainfall ranges from 993.5 to 1901.8 mm. It is studied that monsoon rainfall can be predicted well with Log Pearson Type III and post-monsoon 68


rainfall by Gumbel distribution with least Chi-square value. Cropping system is predominantly rice-based. The carrying capacities (i.e. measured discharge) have reduced in comparison to the srcinal design discharge. Authorized and unauthorized outlets of minors and sub minors for right and left distributaries are 187 and 93 in numbers of KIP. In this study area, as runoff was more than 10% of the seasonal rainfall, construction of rain/ run off water storage tanks are made in the command area for conservation of rainfall, runoff and seepage water. Farmers could give supplemental irrigation to crops as life saving irrigation during dry spells. The harvested water is used as multisource water for irrigation, domestic use, fish (rohu, catla & mrigal) rearing, and on-dyke cultivation of various crops like arhar, papaya, banana, bhindi, brinjal etc along the banks and thus serves as an integrated farming system. By this intervention, water productivity, crop productivity and livelihood would enhance in the canal command area. Identification of SNP/In-Del Variation for Candidate Genes Conferring Drought Tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghu m bico lor L. Moench) Monika Dalal1, Sujay Rakshit2*, M. Karthikeyan, K. N. Ganapathy3, M. Swapna4, G. Sunita

5

and J. V. Patil 6

1NRC 2,3,4,5,6

on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, Directorate of Sorghum Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030. *Corresponding Author Email: srakshit@ rediffmail.com Keywords : SNPs, Drought tolerance, Sorghum

ABSTRACT

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an important staple food for millions of people in the semi-arid tropics of the world including India. It is the most favoured crop under marginal situation as compared to other cereals due to its better adaptation to various stresses, including drought, heat, salinity and flooding. Among two adaptive types of sorghum in India, the post-rainy sorghum suffers extensively from post69


flowering drought stress as it is cultivated under receding soil moisture. In order to have an insight to the genetic architecture towards drought tolerance and to go for candidate gene-based association mapping, we identified ten candidate genes, reported to condition abiotic stress tolerance in different plant species. The promoter and genic regions of the targeted genes have been targeted to be amplified from 6 genotypes. Amplified regions from the target regions have been sequenced using Sanger method and subjected to multi-sequence alignment using CLUSTALW. We have identified 187 SNPs and 65 in-del mutations distributed across over 30 kb regions. Gene-specific distribution of the mutations and their potential use in sorghum breeding programme has been discussed. Taxonomic Investigations on Some Species of the Genus Anagrus (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae) : The Egg Parasitoids of Leafhoppers (Hemiptera) Mohd. Kamil Usmani Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Taxonomy, Anagrus, Hymenoptera, Egg parasitoids, Leafhoppers

ABSTRACT

Taxonomic investigations were carried out on entomophagous parasitoids of leafhopper eggs. The hosts and parasitoids were reared in cages in greenhouse at the temperature of 220C. Five closely related species found during investigation attacking leafhopper eggs in Juncus stems are Anagrus ensifer Debauche, A. breviphragma Sokya, A. inearnatus Haliday , Anagrus sp. A and Anagrus sp . B. The ratio of males to females was 1 : 1. The characterization has been done for proportion of antennal segments, hair distribution on fore wing, length of ovipositor in relation to gaster and pigmented areas of median carina. Each species was restricted to the eggs of one host species. Anagrus ensifer Debauche and A. breviphragma Sokya were found to be gregarious, the remaining species as solitarious. Egg parasitoids attacked at early 70


growth stages of the pests before they able were to damage. The relatively high rate of reproduction, and the short period of development are the main reasons for the great efficiency of these parasites. An Appraisal of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) Under Rice-Wheat Cropping System (RWCS) in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP)-A Case Study Highlighting SOC Sequestration under Zero Tillage in Different Cropping Systems, Middle IGP, India S. K. Singh and Dipak Sarkar* National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning (ICAR),

Regional Centre, Block-DK, Sector-II, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091, *NBSSLUP, Amravati Road, Nagpur–700091. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : IGP, MGP, Residue management, RWCS, RMCS, SOC sequestration, Zero tillage,

ABSTRACT

Base line database is very important in assessing SOC sequestration under the different cropping sy stems. Such database o n SOC and its density was developed in 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm depths based on 1248 samples on 114 sampling sites under RWCS in IGP, occurring in four transects viz. Trans (TGP Punjab and Haryana), upper (UGP), middle (MGP) and lower (LGP) Gangetic plains and nineteen zones on 9.63 million hectare land in India. Results revealed that mean SOC (0-20 cm) was significantly higher in LGP (0.69%) and MGP (0.66%) than TGP Haryana (0.53%), UGP (0.49%) and TGP Punjab (0.48%). Mean SOC density was the highest in LGP (1.72 kgm -2) and lowest (1.39 kgm -2) in TGP Punjab. SOC density (1.67 kgm -2) in 2040 cm depth was also highest in LGP and lowest in TGP Punjab. Mean SOC (0.95%) and its density (2.0 kgm -2) were the highest in coastal plain zone in LGP, northern plain zone in MGP and central plain zone in UGP. SOC was at par in the different zones of TGP Punjab and Haryana. Factors like altitude, rainfall, clay content governed the variations across the IGP. Zero tillage with residues in RWCS and on the raised beds 71


in rice-maize cropping system (RMCS) modified such variations in MGP by adding 412% organic carbon over the initial SOC. It is estimated that SOC stock of 5.3 Tg (1Tg=1012g) in MGP is expected to be 5.9 Tg in RWCS and 6.4 Tg in RMCS with corresponding decrease of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stock by 6.7 and 2.1 Tg, respectively. Zero tillage with residues has the potentiality to enhance yield, improve soil health and protect environment. RMCS with zero tillage with residues has the great potential to act as substitute of RWCS in MGP. Effect of Biochar and Digestate on Pesticide Degradation and Leaching S. Mukherjee*, W. Tappe, L. Weihermüller, H. Vereecken, and P. Burauel Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Char, Digestate, Pesticides, Sorption-desorption, Retardation,

Degradation and biofilter ABSTRACT

To overcome the problem of on farm point pollution srcinated from cleaning pesticide spaying equippment, easy and cheap onfarm biopurification systems are under development. To optimize such systems the combination of soil amended with biochar and/or digestate will be tested. Therefore, a sophisticated sceening procedure based on respiration, degradation, sorption/desorption, and leaching studies will be performed to identify the most appropriate mixture with respect to different pesticide classes (herbicides, fungicides, and mixtures). In this presentation, we will mainly focus on the first sceening step performed (respiration), which will already provide information about the microbial activity within the different soil/amendment mixtures.

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POSTER PRESENTATIONS A. Plant Breeding and Genetics, Plant Genetic Resources A-1 Dimethyl Sulfoxide Induced Tall Mutants in Jute (Corchoru s oli tori us l. variety-JRO-632) A. Chatterjee1 and P. K. Ghosh2 1Centre

of Advanced Study in Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta-700047.West Bengal. 2

CSB, CSR&TI, Berhampore-742101, Murshidabad, W. B. Keywords: Dimethy sulfoxide, Corchorus olitorius L., Tall mutant, chromosome,

concentration 2%. ABSTRACT

Presoaked seeds of jute (Corchorus olitorius L. Variety JRO-632) were treated with 2% Dimethyl sulfoxide for 6 hours. Tall mutants were screened in M3 in contrast to the normal plants. Palmate leaf mutants otherwise looked normal except in the nature of palmate leaf habit. A number of yield component growth parameters were recorded like plant height, basal diameter, plant spread, root length, pods per plant, seeds per pod, pod length/breadth ratio, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, leaf angle, branching angle, first flowering date, 100% flowering date, total duration, % of pollen sterility and weight of 100 seeds which were found to vary from the control plant. Chromosome analysis revealed a number of aberrations like stickiness, fragmentation, clumping, polyploidy, and laggard and bridge formation etc. at very low frequency. This tall mutant plant gives more fiber yield than the control plants with superior quality.

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A-2 Exploitation of Hybrid Vigour in Sesame ( Sesamum in dicum L.) A. Vishnuvardhan Reddy and K. Parimala

Seed Research and Technology Centre, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: GCA, SCA, Heterosis, Sesame

ABSTRACT

Nature and magnitude of gene action and extent of heterosis were studied in a set of 7 x 7 diallel mating design. The parents and 21 F 1s were grown in RBD with three replications. The parent G.Til-3 w as observed as best general combiner fo r seed yield per plant. The parents G.Til-3, Patan-64 and KMR-74 were found have good gca effect for number of capsules, number of seeds and number of branches per plant. Genetic divergence among parents played a crucial role to produce crosses with significant SCA effects on seed yield per plant. The crosses, KMR-74 x Patan-64, KMR-24 x G.Til3, KMR-74 x KMR-77 and G.Til-3 x G.Til-10 were exhibited high sca effect and showed highly significant positive standard heterosis for seed yield per plant. The cross KMR-74 x Patan-64 was also found to be good specific combiner for, number of capsules per plant, capsule length and number of seeds per capsule. The SCA variance was more than GCA variance indicating the role of non-additive gene action for the inheritance of traits. Hence, it is suggested that yield can be enhanced through exploitation.

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A-3 Development of Fusarium Wilt Resistant Chickpea Genotype through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding Aditya Pratap1*, S. K. Chaturvedi2, Neha Rajan3, Chaitali Sen4, Rakhi Tomar5 and R. K. Varshney6

Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024 (U.P.); 6 Centre of Excellence in Genomics, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, A.P. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 1,2,3,4,5

Keywords: MAS, Chickpea, Fusarium wilt resistance

ABSTRACT

Chickpea is one of the most important food legumes grown extensively throughout the Indian subcontinent. India alone contributes to about 67% of the global chickpea production. However, despite the development of several high yielding varieties, the improvement in its productivity has not increased up to the desired level. One of the major constraints in realization of the full yield potential of chickpea is Fusarium wilt caused by soil borne fungus F. oxysporum. Among the eight prevalent races of this pathogen , race 2 (foc 2) is responsible for severe yield losses of this crop in central part of India. Pusa 256 which is one of the most popular and high yielding variety in central India has also become susceptible to Fusarium wilt and its cultivation has been seriously affected over the years. Therefore, there is an urgent need to introgress gene for resistance to foc2 in this variety. Keeping this in view, a molecular marker assisted breeding project has been initiated to deploy linked molecular markers for development of Fusarium wilt resistant genotype. While Pusa 256 has been taken as recurrent parent, Vijay, another established variety has been used as a donor in this programme. These were crossed during crop season 2009-10 to generate F1s. Out of 5 F1s, 3 were confirmed as true hybrids using polymorphic markers (NPS1 & NPS 14), which were further used for development of first backcross (Pusa 256 x (Pusa 256 x Vijay) and 9BC 1F1 seeds were harvested in 75


March 2011. For foreground selection two molecular markers namely TA 37 and TA110 closely associated with resistance to FW race 2 ( foc 2) were used to confirm introgression of resistance locus for this race. Similarly 45 SSR identified markers were used for background selection to confirm the recovery of genetic background of the recurrent parent. Based upon foreground and background selection, true BC 1F1 plants were backcrossed with Pusa 256 to generate 48 BC2F1 seeds. Marker assisted breeding and selection will be continued in BC 2F1 and advanced generations as well till the recovery of maximum background of Pusa 256 is attained alongwith the resistant locus from Vijay genotype. This will help in faster development of Fusarium wilt resistant chickpea (Pusa 256) cultivar. A-4 Studies of Correlation Coefficient and Path Analysis in Okra Amitava Paul* and Nihar Ranjan Chakraborty

Palli Siksha Bhavana (Inst. of Agriculture), Vishva-Bharati, Sriniketan-731236, Birbhum, West Bengal, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Okra, Correlation coefficient, Path analysis

ABSTRACT

Among different vegetable crops, okra, also called bhindi, lady’s finger is one of the most popular and widely grown in the world. The experimental materials, twenty diverse genotypes of okra, were grown in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif season of 2010. Information regarding association of characters like growth, earliness, quality, yield and its component characters is very useful for plant breeder in developing commercial variety or hybrid. Hence, an attempt has been made in the present investigation to study the association of different traits, direct and indirect effects of characters on fruit yield. In the present investigation, positive and significant correlations with fruit yield were found for almost all the characters under study, indicating the 76


importance of these characters for yield improvement. In general, genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficients indicating an inherent association among characters. The results of path analysis, however, indicated that fruit length, fruit diameter and number of fruiting nodes per plant are the important characters determining fruit yield in the population of okra under study. A-5 Genetic Divergence Analysis in Future Bio-Diesel Plant (Jatr opha curcas Linn.) Anitha, V1., Prasanthi, L2 and Aparna, V3* 1S.

V. Agricultural College, Tirupati – 517 502 (A.P), Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati – 517 502 (A.P). 3 IARI, New Delhi, 110012. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

2 Regional

Keywords: Jatropha, Genotypes, Genetic diversity

ABSTRACT

Twelve high yielding genotypes of Jatropha curcas selected from 40 genotypes collected from Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Orissa were evaluated for genetic diversity using the 20 RAPD markers. A total of 118 amplified products were generated out of which 66 amplicons were polymorphic. The similarity index values ranged from 0.276 to 0.726 indicating the presence of high genetic diversity at molecular level among the 12 populations. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed the clustering of 12 populations of Jatropha curcas in 2 clusters. First cluster consisted of six populations i.e. TJC-34, TJC35, TJC-36, TJC-38, TJC-39 and TJC-40. The second cluster consisted of six populations i.e. TJC-4, TJC-5, TJC-6, TJC-7, TJC-52 and TJC-23. The populations of Jatropha curcas showed high genetic diversity as evident by the wide range of the similarity coefficients.

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A-6 Genetic Diversity and Heterosis in Sesame ( Sesamum in dicum L.) Arna Das1, Sarita K. Pandey2 and Tapash Dasgupta3* 1 NIRJ&AF (ICAR), Kolkata, India, of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 51/2 Hazra Road, Kolkata, India-700019, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

2,3Institute

Keywords: Sesame, Heterosis, Genetic Divergence, SSR

ABSTRACT

Parental diversity is generally considered essential to exploit heterosis through hybridization. Aim of this research was to find correlation if any between mid and better parent heterosis MPH (%), BPH (%) of 21 hybrids with genetic diversity of their 7 parents assessed through protein and DNA markers (EST-SSR and SSR). Clustering differed with type of markers. MPH (%), BPH(%) though strongly correlated with hybrids’ per se, had an inconspicuous relationship with estimated diversity from SDS and SSR data for 7 characters. An en couraging relationship between these parame ters for capsule length and days to maturity highlighted the usefulness of SSR or SDS analysis. A-7 Screening of Rice ( Or yza sati va L.) Genotypes Using Different Indices against Aluminium Toxicity Bidhan Roy* and Sanjib Bhadra Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar 736 165, West Bengal, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Rice, Aluminium toxicity, D 2 Analysis

Abstract

It is one of the most abundant mineral in the soil, comprising approximately 7%. At neutral or weakly acidic pH, Al exists in the form of insoluble aluminosilicate 78


or oxide. In acid soil, Al is solubilized into a phytotoxic form. Al (H 2O)63+ is known as Al3+ is dominant in acid soil below pH 5.0. Al toxicity is the primary growthlimiting factor for plants in acid soils. Over 50% of the world’s potentially arable lands are acidic. In India, 89.94 m ha of land is acidic, in West Bengal, 4.76 mha and in Cooch Behar, 26.20% area is strongly acidic, and 44.30% is moderately acidic. Increased concentrations of Al in nutrient solutions decreased germination. Which Reduces root growth, shoot growth, seedling fresh weight and dry weight. Indices to screen genotypes against Al toxicity, Relative Tolerance Index and Hematoxyline staining were comparatively better. After screening Radhunipagal and UBKVR-16 were found to be the tolerant genotype against higher concentration of Al. For every indices genotypes were grouped into one cluster, i.e. cluster II, then genotypes were grouped into different cluters using D 2 statistics to find out whether the tolerant genotypes fall into one cluster. A-8 Identifying Arsenic Tolerant Rice Genotypes and their Relationship with other Trace Elements Biswarup Mukherjee, PritamDas and Tapash Dasgupta*

Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Rice, Arsenic, Trace elements

ABSTRACT

Among the crops, rice is very sensitive to rapid uptake of arsenic in its grain when grown in arsenic contaminated areas. A set of 80 genotypes were grown and to determine the effect on other rice grain elements, multi-element analysis using ICP-MS was performed. The lowest grain arsenic was found in Azucena and Lemont, though there was a wide range of variation. A negative correlation was found between Se and 79


Ni with grain Arsenic at both contaminated fields of West Bengal. Experiment revealed that genotypes with high grain arsenic have decreased concentration of Ni, Cu, and Se within the grain. A-9 Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Teasle Gourd (Momordica subangu lata ssp. renigera [(G. Don) W. J. De Wilde)] Accessions Collected from Eastern and North Eastern India Chakraborty, L* and Acharyya, P. Institute of Agricultural science, University of Kolkata, 35, Ballygunge circular Road, Kolkata-19, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Key words: Teasle gourd, D 2 analysis, Genetic diversity

ABSTRACT

Eleven accessions of teasle gourd of Eastern and North-Eastern India were evaluated to study the extent of variation and diversity for different traits. Significant genotypic differences were found for all the traits studied. High GCV and PCV values were observed for characters like primary branches per vine followed by total fruit yield per vine, fruit weight and protein content. High heritability coupled with low genetic advance was observed for almost all the quantitative and biochemical characters except total fruit yield per vine. The accessions were subjected to D2 analysis and grouped in three clusters. The D2 analysis revealed no relationship exists between genetic diversity & geographical distribution

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A-10 Deciphering the Genetic Makeup of a Land Race Bread Wheat ‘Agra Local’ for Grain Colour D. Datta, S. C. Bhardwaj, Sanjay Singh and S. P. Das

Directorate of Wheat Research, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla-171002. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Agra local, Wheat, Grain colour

ABSTRACT

Wheat is one of the most important staple food grain crops of India. In addition to the quality attributes of chapatti making, grain colour plays an important role in determining the market value and acceptability to consumers. Agra local (AL), a red grain land race of bread wheat, is mainly utilized as the susceptible parent in genetic studies. In the present study genetic make-up of Agra Local for red grain colour was deciphered through F3 family segregation and test of allelism conducted with genotypes with known genes for red grain colour. Appearance of white families in the F 3 explained that red colour alleles of Agra local and Cappelle Desprez are different. Red grain colour in wheat is governed by three dominant genes namely, R1, R2 and R3 located on chromosomes 3DL, 3AL and 3BL, respectively and white grains results whenever all the three loci carry recessive genes. White progenies were observed in the cross of AL/CD because Cappelle Desprez has recessive allele at the locus D1 whereas Agra local has dominant allele at this locus. Therefore, the genotype of Agra local for grain colour is R-A1a R-B1a R-D1b [R1]. The genetic analysis established that Agra local carries a single dominant gene for red grain colour.

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A-11 Morphological Marker for Heat Tolerance in Lentil (L ens culinar is Medik.) D. Roy Choudhury1*, M. Das 2, S. Kundagrami3

University of Calcutta 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-19. *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords: Morphological characterization, Heat tolerance, Seed yield,

Cell membrane Thermo-stability ABSTRACT

In West Bengal where rabi season is short, introducing heat tolerant cultivars of lentil would be beneficial for the farmers as it is not only a highly remunerative crop but also increases soil fertility level. With this background, laboratory screening for heat tolerance of forty eight genotypes of lentil was conducted following water culture method at 33 0C in plant growth chamber. The germplasms were further tested for heat tolerance by cell membrane thermostability test. Finally tolerant germplasms were screened by field screening in normal and late sown condition. Howrah local, Purulia local, Midnapore local 2, Ranjan, Moitree, Sagardeep local, WBL 185, Ballia local, Krishna nagar local, 14-4-1, Howrah local 2, IC 201646, IC 201710 and IC 248956 were showing some level of heat tolerance in both laboratory and field conditions . In quest for identification of morphological marker linked with heat tolerance morphological characterization offorty eight germplasms were done and it was observed that dense leaf pubescence corrected/linked with heat tolerance in lentil.

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A-12 Correlation among Nutritional Quality Parameters of Maize Genotypes Dharam Paul Chaudhary, Sapna*, Shiwani Mandhania and Pallavi Srivastava

Directorate of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-12, Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Maize, Correlation, Nutritional quality, Oil, Starch, Carotenoids

ABSTRACT

The present study was planned to understand the correlation among various nutritional components maize kernel. thisIndia purpose, twenty three eliteProjects maize genotypes received fromofdifferent centers For of All Coordinated Research on Maize were used. The samples were ground to powder and processed for the estimation of various nutritional quality parameters such as protein quality, starch, oil and carotenoids and the data was correlated to find the interrelationship between these components. The results showed that the protein content exhibited a significant negative correlation with two important essential amino acids such as tryptophan and lysine proving the age old notion that quality and quantity are negatively correlated. An inverse correlation was found between starch and oil indicating that breeding for high oil maize may leads to lower grain yield as starch component primarily contributes towards grain filling. Contrary to it, a significant positive correlation was observed between oil content and 100-kernel weight postulating that although increase in oil down-regulate the starch content, the total grain yield, however, would remain unaffected. Protein content showed a non-significant negative correlation with 100-kernel weight. The most important finding of the present study is the significant positive correlation between protein and starch. Both protein and starch are primarily present in the endosperm and the positive correlation between these two components implies that protein could effectively be increased without affecting starch content and finally the total grain yield may increase. Another important finding of this study is the positive correlation observed between oil and fat soluble total carotenoids. Breeding for high oil, therefore, would have the added advantage of biofortification of maize. It could be thus concluded that the present findings are utterly significant and could immensely help in the development of nutritionally improved high yieldingmaize genotypes. 83


A-13 Inheritance of Some Quantitative Characters in Vigna radiata (L.) Dhirendra Kumar Singh*, M. N. Singh, A. Vaishampayan, S. K. Saroj, Nidhi Pathak and Prakash Singh Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005.

Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Five populations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 of twelve crosses involving ten parents were evaluated following compact family block design during Kharif season in 2007-2009 to study the nature and magnitude of gene effects for yield and its components in mung bean generation mean analysis. The presence of epistasis was detected in few cases by joint sealing test including inadequacy of additive-dominance model. Additive (d) and dominance (h) gene effects along with one or more type of non-allelic interaction (i, j, l) contributed significantly towards the inheritance of all the quantitative characters in majority of the crosses. Duplicate type of epistasis was also prevalent in most of the cases with few exceptions. Thus, biparental mating in each segregating generation may be suggested for improvement of mung bean populations. A-14 Promising Role of Drought Resistance Crops in the Changing Scenario of Indian Monsoon Dosi Jeetish K., Bhadalkar Anasuya A., Shaikh Javid B. and Yaseen Mohd. Shaikh Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Sci. & Tech., Govt. of Gujarat, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Indian monsoon, Drought

ABSTRACT

India is a developing country, which is growing at a rapid pace. Indian agriculture mainly depends upon monsoon. With a rapid growth in population and unpredicted climatic 84


conditions we need to think seriously on this issue. For another successful green revolution and to catch up with the growing demand of agricultural produce, state like Gujarat & Rajasthan may contribute higher percentage, since Rajasthan has largest area in country facing frequent drought and has largely arid agricultural condition. Gujarat stands to be the second most arid state of the country. The failure of green revolution in South Africa is also due to water deficiency. This result altering us to think towards the improvement of crop for drought tolerance and other associated traits through biotechnology. So that drought resistance crop can play an important role in bringing these two arid states in the map of green revolution. A-15 Genetic Diversity Analysis in Desi Chickpea ( Cicer ari etin um L .) Ekta Srivastava* and N. R. Rangare Sam Higginbotom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Allahabad *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Chickpea, D 2 statistics, Genetic variability, Inter cluster distance,

Intra cluster distance. ABSTRACT

An investigation was carried out among thirty six genotypes of chickpea to study the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence using Mahalanobis’s D2 Statistics. The data was recorded on nine important quantitative traits from the genotypes raised in Randomized Block Design having three replications. The thirty six chickpea genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The cluster I showed largest cluster with nine genotypes. Highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster III, followed by cluster II and V. Three characters viz. harvest index, number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant contributed maximum in manifestation of genetic diversity. Number of pods per plant had maximum Phenotypic and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV and GCV), followed by Biological yield per plant and 100 Seed weight. A moderate to high degree of Heritability and Genetic Advance was observed for Number of pods per plant, Harvest index and Biological yield. 85


A-16 Selection of Dura Palms for Production of Hybrid Seeds Goutam Mandal*, R. K. Mathur, P.Murugesan and K. Meena Kumari Directorate of Oil Palm Research (ICAR), Pedavegi-534 450, Andhra Pradesh, India, *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords: Oil palm, Elaeis dura, Selection, Seed production

ABSTRACT

Oil palm ( Elaeis guinensis Jacq.), a native of West Africa, is cultivated in the humid tropics and one of the most important sources of vegetable oil. The commercial cultivar of oil palm is tenera, a hybrid of dura and pisifera, as female and male parent, respectively. Therefore, the present study has been conducted during 2007-2012 with the objective of evaluation and selection of elite dura palms for production of hybrid seed at Directorate of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi. During 2000, a total of 989 numbers of dura seedlings were planted with 4 genotypes namely, Palode-1 (240Dx281D), Palode-2 (80Dx281D), Costa Rica-1 (98Cx254D) and Costa Rica-2 (98Cx 208D). The characteristics like annual height increment, bunch weight, number of bunches production and FFB yield has been taken into consideration during selection of dura . The minimum FFB yield of 150 kg/palm/year has been decided as criteria to select the dura palms. Among these four genotypes, Palode-1 recorded highest average FFB yield (124.14 kg/ palm/year) followed Palode-2 (116.69 kg/palm/year), Costa Rica-2 year) and Costa Rica-1by(72.56 kg/palm/year). Palode-2 palms, showed the(75.44 lowestkg/palm/ height increment (42.33 cm/yr) and highest FFB yields (168.80 kg/yr) than the others. Based on yield performance total 29 duras i.e. 10, 18 and 1 were selected from Palode 1, Palode 2 and Costa Rica-1, respectively as elite mother palms. These selected elite duras can be used in hybrid seed production programme and in future breeding programme.

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A-17 Morpho-Physiological Variation on Grain Yield of Rabi -Sorghum Genotypes under Receding Soil Moisture Situation K. N. Pawar University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. *Email: [email protected] Keywords: Sorghum, Dry matter production, Harvest index, Relative water content

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted in medium black soils at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bijapur, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka) during rabi season 2007-08. Among the total genotypes tested RSLG1119, RSLG871, RSV423, and Maulee have given higher yields compared to other genotypes. The factors that favoured the higher yields were leaf area index, chlorophyll content, relative water content, and panicle dry weight. The production of dry matter alone does not help in realizing the higher yield. In case of higher yielder there was an efficient dry matter production as well as translocation from source to sink. Less number of factors in moderate and only few factors have favoured the low yielders. It was observed in this stand that the differential performance of genotypes were due to difference in dry matter partitioning efficiency. A-18 Development of Semi Dwarf Photoperiod Insensitive Cultivars for Direct Seeded Wetland Conditions in Rice K. Pande, S. K. Dash*, S. K. Pradhan, J. Meher, S. R. Dhua and O. N. Singh Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Rice, Direct seeded, Flood, Drought, Wide adaptation, Dry season

ABSTRACT

In eastern India, sudden flood, drought, and alternate flood and drought during different growth phases of rice are common and affect yield drastically, even complete 87


crop failure in some situations. Breeding materials must be identified and programmes must be judiciously formulated so that it will have consistency in performance along with enhanced grain yield. Rice is grown in diverse ecologies. One of the constraints for comparatively low yield in rice is temperature. In early growth stages, where cold stress is severe, it suffers from cold injury and flowers very late even though short day requirement is completed until temperature becomes optimum for flowering. Reproductive growth stage often coincides with hot weather. Both low and high temperature at different growth stages reduces yield drastically. Untimely rain at harvest cause drastic reduction in yield and quality. Therefore, genotypes having semi dwarf sturdy plant type with shy tillering, photoperiod insensitive, high yield/unit area/day (<100 g), good grain type and quality, appropriate dormancy, tolerance to varying temperature, tolerance to insect pests and diseases, weed competitive ability (early vigour, droopy, long broad leaves at early growth phases to suppress weeds and erect leaves at later growth phases), good germination ability, anaerobic germination and elongation of seedling under thin film of water, high nutrients and fertilizer use efficiency, adaptive to low inherent nutrient reserve, adaptive to mechanized pre and post-harvest farm operation and high biomass (>3 kg/ sqm) along with high harvest index (>0.5%). Genotypes of diverse srcin Gayatri, Shatabdi, Naveen, WITA12, MTU1010, Geetanjali, Chandan, Reeta, Phalguna, CR Dhan 300, Lalat, Khandagiri, Sahabhagi Dhan; and Anjali, Pusa 1121, and IR64, new plant type and derivatives of tropical japonicas ; ADRON-111, ADRON-117, ADRON-125, ADRON128, ADRON-130 and ADRON-131 (Suriname cultivars) and of Indian srcin-DL 81 (with low tillers, shorter duration, adadaptive to mechanized farming) are being used for varietal development for the aforesaid situation. A-19 Correlation Studies on Growth and Fruit Quality Parameters in Guava (Psidi um guajava L.) Kiran Singh1, Rajeev Kumar2 and A. Kumar3 1 Pt.

Deen Dayal Upadhayay Govt. Girls P.G. College, Rajajipuram, Lucknow, 2National Botanical Research Institute, Lcuknow, 3C.S.A. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-2 Keywords: Correlation, Fruit quality, Guava

88


ABSTRACT

The correlation coefficients revealed that fruit diameter showed positive associations with size of the pollen, length of fruit, weight of fruit, and duration of maturity, during both years of these investigations. In the environmental correlation, T.S.S. content revealed positive and highly significant correlation with size of flower, acidity and total sugar content. Reducing sugars showed its positive correlation with length of fruit (0.0147, 0.1078), diameters of fruit (0.0198, 0.1542) and T.S.S. ((14845, 0.3076) during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively. The characters like length of fruit (0.0294, 0.2437), diameter of fruit (0.1729, 0.3803) and total sugars, (0.1258, 0.3627) showed its positive correlation with non-reducing sugars in respect of the fruit of guava varieties. A-20 Screening of Wheat Genotypes for Drought and Heat Tolerance under Humid Regions of Sub-Himalayan Plains of West Bengal Manmatha Hansda,V A Kale and Saikat Das Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidhyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar-736165, West Bengal Keywords: Drought, Heat tolerance, Wheat, Yield

Abstract

Drought and heat stress are the two most important among environmental factors influencing crop growth, development, and yield processes. 49 wheat genotypes were used to identify genotypes for tolerance to moisture stress throughout the crop growth period and high temperature both at early and terminal growth stages. The nursery was sown both under drought and irrigated conditions with two replications in 7x7 lattice design. The minimum days for 75% heading were considered for explaining intensity of stress before and after heading. The average minimum temperature was 11.49°C and 13.22°C before and after heading respectively whereas it was 23.42°C and 27.35°C in 89


case of maximum temperature. Maximum RH was 98.86% and 96.33% whereas minimum RH was 55.53% and 41.49% and the rainfall was 42 mm and 179mm before and after heading respectively for the two growth regime. The lowest grain yield was recorded for the genotype GW-09-270 (155g/plot) closely followed by RAJ4168 (165g/ plot) whereas the highest grain yield was recorded for AKAW 3717 (395g/plot) under drought condition. HI1579 suffered badly by getting 40% yield reduction closely followed by RAJ4254 (38.7% yield reduction). The genotypes AKAW 3717, AKAW 4705, KLP 1042 and NI 5439 were least affected having less than 10% yield reduction under stress condition. A-21 Studies on Heterosis of Quality Traits in Rice (Or yza sativa L.) N. Chamundeswari*, K. Raja Reddy, P. V. Satyanarayana, Y. Suryanarayana, P. Jayarami Reddy and V. Srinivasa Rao

S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. *Corresponding Author Email: chamundeswari@ rediffmail.com Keywords: Heterosis, Rice, Diallel

ABSTRACT

Twenty one crosses generated from seven parental diallel were used to study heterosis and were heterobeltiosis for 16 quality intraits. Thedirection. estimatesThe of highly heterosis and heterobeltiosis variable among all crosses desirable heterotic cross combinations for milling traits were BPT 5204 / NLR 34449, MTU 1081 / JGL 13595 and JGL 3844 / NLR 34449; for kernel length and kernel L/B ratio MTU 1010 / MTU 1081 were highly heterotic. The best heterotic hybrid for cooking characters was BPT 5204 / JGL 3844. The crosses JGL 3844 / MTU 1081 and JGL 3844 / JGL 13595 were considered superior for chemical quality traits and BPT 5204 / MTU 1081, NLR 34449 / JGL 13595 for micronutrients.

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A-22 Estimation of Genetic Components for Micronutrients in Rice Kernels N. Chamundeswari*, P. V. Satyanarayana, Y. Suryanarayana, K. Raja Reddy, P. Jayarami Reddy and V. Srinivasa Rao

S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. *Corresponding Author Email: chamundeswari @rediffmail.com Keywords: Dominant gene effects, Epistasis, Generation mean analysis, Genetic components,

Iron and zinc content, Six parameter model. ABSTRACT

Genetic components were estimated for two micro nutrients (iron and zinc) in three crosses (BPT 5204 / MTU 1081, MTU 1010 / JGL 13595 and NLR 34449 / MTU 1075) of rice by deploying 6 parameter model of generation mean analysis. Significance of scaling tests indicated that additive dominance model was inadequate and suggested the existence of epistasis in the inheritance of these characters. All the genetic components were significant for micronutrients except additive effect (d) for iron content in BPT 5204 / MTU 1081 and dominance effect (d) and additive x additive effect (i) in MTU 1010 / JGL 13595. Predominant role of dominant type of gene effects ([h] and [l]) were observed than additive type ([d] and [i]) in the control of both iron content and zinc content. The opposite signs of [h] and [l] suggested the presence of duplicate dominance epistasis for which biparental mating may be followed to isolate pure lines with high iron and zinc contents in advanced generations. A-23 Identification of Heat Tolerant Genotypes of Black Gram Nupur Malviya, Ashutosh Kumar, Gaurav Kumar, Debjyoti Sen Gupta* and Sanjeev Gupta Indian Institute of Pulses research (IIPR), Kanpur-208024, U.P., India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Vigna mungo , Abiotic stress, Germplasm, Genetic variability

91


ABSTRACT

A set of hundred germplasm lines which were grown during summer-2011 and rainy2011 seasons at IIPR, Kanpur (26.28ON and 80.21OE), India, were tested with the objective to screen the genotypes for thermo-tolerance. Sowing dates were planned so that the late sown trials flowering stage would coincide with critical temperature (>400C) limit, and in augmented design with three checks, namely IPU 94-1, IPU 02-43 and Shekhar-2. The observations were taken in two seasons i.e., Summer-2011 and kharif2011 for 23 quantitative traits. Using SPSS software various variance estimates, viz., genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability (broad sense)and genotypic correlation were calculated for traits related to heat tolerance viz., days to trifoliate opening, days to 50% flowering, pod filling duration, days 75% maturity and grain yield. The best ten germplasm, viz., PDU-3, IPU94-1, IC 106088, STY-2868, IPU 99-18, IPU 99-16,IPU 9032, UH99-144, UH 32-3 and PLU 557 were identified. The hundred genotypes were grouped into nine clusters based on the 23 quantitative traits using hierarchical method of clustering following UPGMA, using similarity matrix data. This will help further in selecting for parents in crossing programme. A-24 Hydrazine Hydrate Induced 8-Locular Fruit Mutant in Jute (Corchorus olitoriu s, L., Variety – JRO-632) P. K. Ghosh1 and A. Chatterjee 2 1 2

CSB, CSR&TI, Berhampore-742101, Murshidabad, W.B. Centre of Advanced Study in Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta,35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta-700019. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Corchorus olitorius L., Chromosome, 8-locular

Fruit, Hydrazine hydrate, 24 hours. ABSTRACT

Presoaked seeds of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.Variety JRO-632) were treated with 0.5% Hydrazine Hydrate (HH) for 24 hours. 8-locular fruit mutants were screened 92


in M3 in contrast to the normal looking fruit plants. A number of yield component parameters were recorded including plant height, basal diameter, plant spread, root length, pod per plant, seeds per pod, pod length/breadth ratio, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, leaf angle, branching angle, first flowering date, 100% flowering date, total duration, percentage of pollen sterility, and weight of 100 seeds which were found to vary from the control plant. Chromosome analysis revealed aberrations like stickiness, fragmentation, polyploidy, clumping, laggard and bridge formation. A-25 Ethyl Amine Induced Early Maturing Mutant in Jute (Corchorus olitoriu s l. Variety-JRO-632) P. K. Ghosh 1 and A. Chatterjee2 1CSB,

2Centre

CSR&TI, Berhampore-742101, Murshidabad, W.B. of Advanced Study in Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta,35,Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta-700019. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Corchorus olitorius L., chromosome, Early maturing mutants,

Ethyl amine, 24 hours. ABSTRACT

Presoaked seeds of jute (Corchorus olitorius L. Variety JRO-632) were treated with 0.5% Ethyl amine (EA) for 24 hours. Early maturing mutants were screened in M3 in contrast to the normal looking fruit plants. A number of yield component parameters were recorded including plant height, basal diameter, plant spread, root length, pod per plant, seeds per pod, pod length/breadth ratio, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, leaf angle, branching angle, first flowering date, 100% flowering date, total duration, percentage of pollen sterility, and weight of 100 seeds which were found to vary from the control plant. Chromosome analysis revealed aberrations like stickiness, fragmentation, polyploidy, clumping, laggard and bridge formation.

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A-26 Genetics of Yield and Quality Traits in Cauliflower (Br assica oleracea var. botrytis L.) Partha Saha and Pritam Kalia

Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Cauliflower, Yield, Quality

ABSTRACT

Curd yield colour most important character cauliflower the economics of theand crops. Six are generation of cauliflower (P1,ofP2, F1, F2, B1determining and B2) raised by crossing two popular varieties and two lines. Over-dominance had predominant role for curd weight, curd diameter and curd depth. In curd weight, the presence of dominance (h) and dominance x dominance (l) component of genetic variation along with duplicate type of epistasis were present. Curd colour was determined by single gene with white being recessive. So, heterosis breeding could be used in the improvement of yield and quality parameters in cauliflower. A-27 Screening of Rose (Rosa spp.) Male Donor Parents for Pollen Efficiency Prativa Lakhotia*, D. V. S. Raju and K. V. Prasad Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Pollen viability, In vitro pollen germination, Pollen diameter, Hip set, Rose

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to study the pollen viability,in vitro pollen germination, pollen diameter and hip set in ten rose genotypes. Five treatments were used for in vitro 94


pollen germination. Pollen viability varied from 6.45 (Folklore) to 78.07% (Africa Star). In vitro pollen germination was highest in Dr. Bharat Ram. The treatment T2 (15% sucrose) recorded the maximum pollen germination percent. Pollen diameter was highest (51.22 µm) in Africa Star. The pollen of genotypes Folklore and Pusa Ajay failed to germinate in vitro and set hips. Maximum hip set was recorded with pollen of genotypes Africa Star and Dr. Bharat Ram. Pollen viability, in vitro pollen germination and hip set were positively correlated with pollen diameter. The genotypes Africa Star and Dr. Bharat Ram were found to be the best pollen donors. Pollen diameter was found to be the most effective parameter for ascertaining pollen fertility. A-28 Investigations on Pollen Viability and Germination in Canna Genotypes R. Kumar1, S. Verma2, A. Singh3, A. Kumar4 and S. Arya5

N.B.R.I., Lucknow, Pawarkhera, Lucknow, 4 C.S.A. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-2, 5D.G. College, Civil Lines, Kanpur-2. 1,2

3H.S.S.

Keywords: Pollen viability, Germination, Canna

ABSTRACT

Present investigations gave important findings of pollen grains viability and their germination information in different genotypes. Pollen viability was found higher than the actual pollen germination in sucrose media. It was found more than 94.00 per cent viable. Well-developed pollens exhibited maximum viability and germination. The pollen germination was found to range from 10.25 to 37.75 in V7 and v17 genotypes, respectively. It was also found that freshly dehised pollen grains taken at the time of anthesis showed maximum viability and germination. The aceto-carmine test for pollen viability showed highest percentage of germination. 95


A-29 Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies for Grain Yield in Hybrid Rice (Or yza sativa L.) R. Vinoth* and Shailesh Marker

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, Tamil Nadu, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad- 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Variability, Heritability, Genetic advance, Correlation analysis

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to of study association between characters in rice hybrids. 36 genotypes rice the werevariability evaluated and and obtained information on variability parameters and correlation analysis for 18 characters. Analysis of variance revealed high significant differences for all the 18 characters studied. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotype coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters indicating the little influence of environment on the characters. Number of unfilled grains per panicle had maximum GCV followed by grain yield per plant, harvest index, biological yield per plant, number of filled grains per panicle and grain L/B ratio. All the qualitative characters depicted high estimates of heritability, which indicates preponderance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these characters. High to moderate degree of genetic advance was observed for number of filled grains per panicle followed by biological yield per plant. Grain yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation with number of filled grains per panicle followed by harvest index, biological yield per plant and panicle length at phenotypic and genotypic level. Thus, these characters may serve as effective selection parameters during breeding programme for crop improvement.

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A-30 Effect of Physical and Chemical Mutagens in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) S. K. Burghate, M. N. Mishra, C. R. Tarpe 3, U. A. Raut4 and S. A. Maity 5

Shri Shivaji College of Horticulture, Amravati-444603, 2 R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra (UP) India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1,3,4,5

Keywords: Mutagens, Groundnut, TAG-24, Gamma rays, EMS

ABSTRACT

In M 1 generation, percentage was reduced due toinvarious mutagenic treatments under field the as germination well as laboratory conditions. Reduction germination was found maximum in higher dose and/or concentration of the mutagens. The progressive decrease in seedling growth viz. root and shoot length with corresponding increase in dose or concentration of gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate and their combinations were observed in M1 generation. The pollen sterility was estimated during M1 generation and it was found increased significantly with an increased in doses and/or concentrations. Day 1 to 50 percent flowering and mortality were also found increased with an increased in doses and/or concentrations of the gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate and their combinations. A-31 Frequency and Spectrum of Induced Mutations in Groundnut (Ar achi s hypogaea L.) S. K. Burghate, M. N. Mishra, C. R. Tarpe3, U. A. Raut4 and S. A. Maity5

Shri Shivaji College of Horticulture, Amravati-444603, 2 R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra (UP) India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1,3,4,5

Keywords: Tag-24, Spectrum, Frequency, Gamma rays, EMS

97


ABSTRACT

Induced qualitative mutation in tag-24 groundnut cultivar consisted of chlorophyll and viable mutants. The combination treatments exhibited wide spectrum and frequency on both M1 family and M2 plant basis for both. Increased in doses and concentrations of mutagens showed increased in spectrum and frequency. Chlorophyll mutants viz; albina, albo-viridis, xantha, xantha- viridis and viridis and viable mutants viz; plant type, leaf, growth habit, flowering, pod, kernel and economic mutation were observed. Desirable mutants like bold poded, early maturing, high yielding were also isolated. A-32 Screening and Development of High Productive Good Quality Paddy Genotypes for Coastal Alluvial Zone of West Bengal S. Kundu*, B. Pradhan and S. Kundagrami Institute of Agricultural Science, Calcutta University, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Seed yield, GCV, PCV, Heritability, GA, Quality parameters, Mutation

ABSTRACT

In order to meet the fast growing demand for rice, development of high yielding genotypes with desirable agronomic traits is a necessity. Study was undertaken to investigate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of grain yield and yield related traits in quest for breeding method as a basis for selection of high yielding rice genotypes. Relatively high GCV, PCV, Heritability and GA for plant height, grains/panicle and 1000 grain weight suggested these characters were controlled by additive genes and selection on the basis of these characters would be effective. The genotypes Paluii, Bakulpriya, Dhudarshar, Lakshmikajal, Bhuri, Nangalmuda, Pankaj, Moulow and SR-26B were consistent for good seed yield/ plant at Baruipur and also have quite impressive quality characters. Even some of the induced rice mutant lines hold great promise. The 98


M3 lines gave seed yield performance which was graded 40-50% more than control. So all the selected genotypes and mutant lines may be further tested in multi-location yield trial and can be introduced as high yielding genotypes for coastal alluvial zone of West Bengal. A-33 Studies on Genetic Variability and Association for Yield and Yield Attributing Components in Sunflower (H eli anthus annuus L.) in Coastal Saline Belts of Sundarbans S. S. Lakshman1, A. Roy2 and D Halder3 1

AICRP on Sunflower, RAKVK, Nimpith, P.O. Nimpith Ashram, 24-Parganas(S), PIN: 743338, Sundarbans, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Sunflower, Character association, Quantitative trait.

ABSTRACT

A study on genetic variability was made with different quantitative and yield attributing characters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). One hundred and twenty five inbred lines of sunflower were selected for studying the character association both direct and indirect to assess the relationship among seed yield and its components. The trial was conducted in the Instructional Farm of Ramakrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nimpith, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal in rabi-summer season of 2011-12. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under study. Observations were recorded on twelve different quantitative and yield attributing traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, no. of leaves per plant, plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), 100-seed weight (g), no. of seeds per head, seed filling %, hull content (%),volume weight per 100 ml (g), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g). Hence simultaneous selection of these characters would contribute for the improvement of seed yield and oil yield per plant. The maximum positive association in 99


relation to seed yield per plant was found with no. of seed per head, 100seed weight, head diameter and percentage of seed filling. The genotypic correlation was higher than phenotypic ones for the above four characters with seed yield per plant. The genetic influence of all the said four characters were more than 80% (genotypic correlation coefficient r > 0.8) which signifies the importance of all these four characters in improving the seed yield in case of both open pollinated population as well as hybrid varietal development programme in sunflower. A-34 A Study on Genotypic Evaluation of Greengram (Vigna r adiata L.) in Respect to Yield for the Coastal Saline Regions of Sundarbans, West Bengal S. S. Lakshman1, B. Mukherjee2 and R. Nath3 1AICRP-Sunflower, 2RAKVK,

Nimpith, 24-Parganas(S)-743338, Sundarbans, West Bengal, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 3 BCKV,

Keywords: Green gram, Salinity, Seed yield, Sundarbans

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of sixty-six green gram (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes in low to medium saline soil in coastal saline belts of Sundarbans, West Bengal to find out suitable genotypes for growing in pre-kharif season under rainfed situation. Almost all thesixty-six cultivars selected for the experiments, took 5-6 days for 75% emergence of seedlings and took 27-36 days to achieve 50% flowering. Final plant stand count was also good and it ranged from 70-80%. The salinity range (EC) of soil before sowing was 0.2ds/m-1.2ds/m and total salt was 100ppm300ppm. After harvesting the crop, soil salinity (EC) ranged from 0.6ds/m-2.2ds/m and total salt was 230ppm-960ppm. Among all the genotypes under study the significantly higher value of seed yield per hectare was observed in PUSA-2031 (1398kg/ha) which was 75.4% higher in comparison to the local check, i.e. Chaiti moong which seed yield 100


was recorded (797kg/ha) only followed by KM-11-573 (1302kg; 63.3%), SM-11-41 (1286kg; 61.3%), KM-11-583 (1280kg; 60.6%), KM-11-578 (1211kg; 51.9%) respectively. The significantly higher number of seed/pod, 100 seed weight (g), no. of pods/plants, LAI were observed in genotypes. In case of root length the above genotypes were found significantly lower against Chaiti moong (LC). From the above experiment it may be concluded that in the similar situation as well as soil salinity condition the above genotypes may prove to perform better than the local cultivar, Chaiti moong for cultivation in the coastal saline regions of Sundarbans, West Bengal. A-35 Performance of Wheat Genotypes under Late and Very Late Sown Condition in Sub-Himalayan Plains of West Bengal Saikat Das1* and Biplab Mitra2 1AICW&BIP, 2Coochbehar

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, U.B.K.V.V, Pundibari, Coochbehar-736165, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Key Words: Late and very late sowing condition, Wheat, Yield

ABSTRACT

The eastern parts of South Asian nations, including India, Nepal and Bangladesh, are much more hot and humid and are lagging behind the north western parts in wheat production. The terminal heat stress, caused by rise in mean daily temperatures above 17.5° C in the coolest month, is regarded as a major problem of wheat in the region. For tackling heat stress, the strategy being undertaken is either to escape the heat without yield penalty or to gradually enhance heat tolerance. A field experiment was carried out with nine advanced genotypes of wheat under two different sowing dates viz. late (December 23) and very late (January 05) to evaluate and select the genotypes having tolerance towards heat stress. The experiment was carried out in the rabi season of 2009-10 in sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal with split-plot design The study revealed that all the genotypes exhibited higher biomass production under late sown 101


condition than very late sown condition. All the genotypes taken in the experiment matured within 100-105 days under very late sowing condition which reveals that the genotypes took 5-13 days less time for maturity. Yield advantage was recorded up to 23.13% in late sowing over very late sowing. Delay in sowing from mid- December to first week of January resulted in significant decrease in major yield attributing traits like number of earhead per m 2 as well as number of grains per spike. Amongst the genotypes, maximum yield was achieved in DBW 14 (36.84 q/ha), closely followed by HI 1563(34.98 q/ha) under very late sown condition. Both the varieties could be treated as suitable genotypes having somewhat tolerance towards heat stress under this condition. A-36 Identification of Sources of Resistance in Sesame (Sesamum in dicum L.) Against Charcoal Rot M acrophomin a phaseoli na (Tassi) Goid

1,2

Sarita Kumari Pandey1, Arna Das2, and Tapash Dasgupta3* Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India 700019, 3 NIRJ & AFT(ICAR), Kolkata, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Keywords: Genetic variance, Correlation, Heritability, Macrophomina phaseolina, Sesamum

ABSTRACT

Thirty sesame genotypes srcinated from different states of India were screened under both field and greenhouse condition for their response to charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid., in Pre-Kharif seasons of three consecutive years 2009, 2010 and 2011. The results showed that genotype CUSC-11 (16.78%) and VRI-1 (68.78%) exhibited consistently resistance and susceptibility respectively under both trial conditions during all the season. Genotypes like Uma, and Rama showed differential expression in their ability to disease resistance. They were recorded as MR under field condition and susceptible under greenhouse condition. Negative correlation observed between disease incidence (%) and seed yield under all conditions. 102


A-37 Diversity studies in maize inbreds of Eastern Uttar Pradesh Sayan Roy Choudhury*, Rajesh Singh and Padmanabh Dwivedi Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Coefficient of variability, Genetic diversity, Maize.

ABSTRACT

This study had been carried out to investigate the genetic diversity, at morphological level, among twenty two maize genotypes of eastern Uttar Pradesh. High estimate of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability was recorded for grain yield per plot and yield per plant, thereby indicating presence of sufficient inherent genetic variability. The 20 inbred lines were categorized into five clusters using Mahalanobi’s D2 analysis, where maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II (HUZM 97-1-2, KHI 209, KHI PC-8, HUZM 509, KHI 586, 323, KHI 164 (1-2) 4) and cluster V (KHI 536). The GCV and PCV revealed moderate to high variability for majority of characters indicating presence of sufficient amount of inherent genetic variability which may be fully exploited in selection program. A-38 Association Studies in Dahlia Genotypes Shankar Verma and Rajeev Kumar National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P. India, Keywords: Dahlia, Association analysis

ABSTRACT

Twenty five genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design for its 13 economic characters to study phenotypic correlation coefficient in different traits, contributing towards flower yield and association with each other. Trials were conducted with three replications during 2005-06 and 2006-07. Plant height revealed positive and 103


highly significant correlation with number of leaves per plant (0.43231), length of petal (0.53392), number of tubers per plant (0.52452) and diameter of tuber (0.50565) during 2005-06. Number of flowers per plant exhibited positive correlation with length of petal, number of tubers per plant and diameter of tuber during both the years of the investigations. A-39 Conservation of Agricultural Biodiversity in Jharkhand Sujit Adhikary Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. Email: [email protected] Keywords: Biodiversity, Crops, Soil, Plants, Water, Traditional Cultivation Practices

ABSTRACT

Number of traditional crop varieties are maintained in diversified range of soils, agroforestry ecosystems, livelihood of poor and marginal mostly tribal farmers. Methodology includes different cropping systems, cropping sequences, fertilizer and water management, afforestation, collection and conservation of traditional varieties as well as maintining traditional methods of cultivation. Findings show that due to less effect of Green Revolution and WTO as well as contract farming in Jharkhand a sustainable biodiversity is maintained in comparison to that of developed states of India. We have been able to regenerate a vast tanr land (gravel soil) into fertile land and now sustained vegetation achieved through 20 years back afforestation program. Collection and identification have been done for a good no. of varieties of several crops practiced in Jharkhand and maintaining them since long period. We identified some traditional upland rice cultivars as drought tolerant through drought susceptibility index. 40 germplasms of horsegram (Dolichos biflorus) were collected from different farmers’ age-old collections and tested the genetic variation among these germplasms at the seed storage protein level. Our results show that 40 different cultivars can be grouped only into five broad groups. Under 104


the rainfed farming system a no. of cropping systems and cropping sequences had been developed to maintain crop biodiversity, land use and climatic ecosystems as well as production potential. No. of wild species of the cultivated crops are found those could be used as genetic race in the breeding program. A-40 Genetic Divergence and Amelioration of Yield, Oil Content and Quality in Mutants of Sesame (Sesamum i ndi cum L.) Tamina Begum1*, Arna Das2, Sarita Kumari Pandey4, Udayan Bhattacharya5, 7 Nirmal Mandal6 and Tapash Dasgupta

1CRIJA&F 2,3,4,5,7

(ICAR), Kolkata-700120,

Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Kolkata, 51/2,Hazra Road, Kolkata-700019, India, 6 Faculty of Agriculture, BCKV, Nadia, W.B. India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Keywords: EMS, Fatty acid, Gamma rays, Genetic divergence, Oil content, Sesame

ABSTRACT

Three widely adapted sesame genotypes viz. Rama, SI 1666 and IC 21706 were induced individually by 200 Gy, 400 Gy and 600 Gy doses of ã-rays and 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% concentrations of EMS. Mutant generations from M 1 to M4 were raised. Effect of mutagenic treatments on genotypes was assessed in M 2 and subsequently in M4 generations to reveal the ramification of mutagens. The quantum of variability in the mutant lines was judged by multivariate analysis following D 2 and canonical techniques. Mutant lines professing maximum genetic divergence were evaluated for oil quantity and quality. Significant effect of mutagenic treatments and varied response of genotypes were observed for all the characters in M2 generation. All the selected mutant lines (ten from each genotype) in M4 generation evinced improved seed yield over their respective controls. Highest yield was recorded in line no. 10 induced by 0.5% EMS which also exhibited maximum genetic divergence. Based on divergence and mean value of seed yield and yield components, selected 10 superior mutant lines out of 30, possessed high oil percentage with relatively more PUFA content than the control. 105


A-41 Hybrid Necrosis in Wheat ( Tr iti cum aestivum L.) “Evolutionary Significance or A Potential Barrier For Gene Flow” Vikas, V. K*., M. Sivasamy, Jagdish Kumar, P. Jayaprakash, P. Nallathambi and C. Uma Maheshwari Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington - 643 231, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Hybrid necrosis, Ne1, Ne2, Triticum aestivum

ABSTRACT

One hundred and five released varieties of bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) in India were crossed to two T. aestivum testers, namely, C306 (Ne1Ne1 ne2ne2) and HD2329 (ne1ne1 Ne2Ne2) to determine the frequency and distribution of genes for hybrid necrosis present in them. Sixty five varieties (62%) showed the presence of Ne2 gene and only nine varieties (8.5%) had Ne1 gene in their background. Thirty one varieties (29.5%) were non carrier ( ne 1ne1 ne2ne2) for both the genes. Most of the Ne1-carriers are of Indian srcin and their pedigree revealed the involvement of landraces and old varieties as parents. Predominance of Ne2 gene in Indian varieties happened after the introduction of semi-dwarf Mexican wheat varieties, which are mostly Ne2-carriers and also due to the extensive and continuous use of germplasm from CIMMYT and European srcin in the hybridization programme. Widespread occurrence of dominant genes for hybrid necrosis in Indian varieties is of great concern to wheat breeders as it often interferes in the choice of elite parents and imposes restrictions on the productivity of crosses.

106


A-42 Correlation Studies for Seed Yield in Sunflower (H eli anthus annuus L.) Vikrant Tyagi*, S. K. Dhillon, R. K. Bajaj and Jagmeet Kaur

Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Correlation, Seed yield, Yield components, Sunflower.

ABSTRACT

Nine CMS analogues of sunflower belonging to different sources viz: CMS-XA (unknown), E002-91A, PKUZ-A ( H. annuus ), ARG-2A, ARG-3A, ARG-6A (H. argophyllus) , DV-10A ( H. debilis spp. vestitus) , PHIR-27A (H. praecox spp. hirtus) and PRUN-29A (H. praecox

spp . runyonic) along with their common maintainer line (NC-41B) from commercial petiolaris source were grown in the research field of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Ludhiana, during the spring season 2010 and 2011 following a RBD. Variability among these genotypes was assessed for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, no. of leaves per plant, plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), chlorophyll content (%), relative leaf water content (%), leaf dry weight (g.), leaf area (m 2), leaf area index, specific leaf weight per plant (g.), biological yield (g.), harvest index (H. I.), 100 seed weight (G.), oil content (%) and fatty acid composition (%). The results revealed a strong and positive association of seed yield with days to 50% flowering (r = +0.398), chlorophyll content (r = +0.753), oil content (r = +0.449) and biological yield (r = 0.603) and significant negative correlation with relative leaf water content (r = -0.406). It is indicated that simultaneous improvement in these morphological and physiological characters could contribute for the improvement of seed yield, oil content and ultimately oil yield in sunflower. The findings of this study can be used in development of new high yielding hybrids based on these CMS analogues.

107


A-43 Genetic Evaluation of CMS Analogues in Sunflower (H eli anthus annuus L.) Vikrant Tyagi*, S. K. Dhillon, R. K. Bajaj and Jagmeet Kaur

Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Key Words: Genetic evaluation, CMS analogues, Heritability, GCV, PCV

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was planned to genetically evaluate nine CMS analogues of sunflower from different sources developed at PAU, Ludhiana along with their common maintainer line (NC-41B from commercial source H. petiolaris). The material was grown during spring season 2011, in randomized block design with three replications. The data was recorded for various traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. Different genetic parameters i.e., heritability (h²), phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficients of variance (GCV) and genetic advance (GA) were computed. The PCV and GCV were highest for H. I. (83.9, 78.71) followed by leaf dry weight (65.95, 63.67) and biological yield (58.74, 56.49) respectively, coupled with high heritability (88.01, 93.21 and 92.48) and genetic advance (18.21, 49.82 and 478.76) for these parameters, indicating effectiveness of direct selection for these traits. The results indicate that selection for grain yield accompanied with high H. I., large head size and biological yield can be effectively used for genetic improvement in sunflower. A-44 Improvement of Papaya ( Cari ca papaya L.) through Heterosis Breeding Yogesh Prasad Rajbhar*, Ankur Kumar and Gopal Singh Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture Technology, Meerut – 250110 (U.P.). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was carried out with ten parents (five lines and five testers) in a line x tester mating design at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and 108


Technology, Meerut (U.P.) during 2011-12. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes and hybrids for all the characters. High heritability was observed for plant height at flowering (98.9), fruit length (98.0), fruit weight (97.9), fruits per plant (94.2), fruit girth (94.0), fruit yield/plant (91.2), petiole length (90.6), plant height (89.1), central cavity (84.9), TSS (79.8), flower initiation (79.0), plant girth (77.2), flowering (75.5) while low heritability were observed for number of leaves at flowering (73.2) and pulp thickness (71.9). Under heterosis, the highest significant and positive value in plant height at flowering (cm) was observed for cross Pusa Giant x Red Lady (113.58) followed by Pusa Giant x Pink Fleshed Sweet (107.41), Pusa Giant x Surya (93.83), Pusa Dwarf x Pusa Delicious (91.98) and Pusa Dwarf x Pusa Majesty (82.72). For improvement in yield, emphasis may be given to the characters like central cavity, plant girth, fruit girth, days at flowering, plant height, pulp thickness, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth and TSS. So, Pusa Giant x Pink Fleshed Sweet, Papaya P S 1 x Surya and Pant Papaya 1 x Red Lady were found promising for commercial cultivation. A-45 Morphological and biochemical characterization of Tomato genotypes and their reaction to Tomato leaf curl virus in Andhra Pradesh, India. Mandali Rajasri, T. Rama Devi and K. Vijayalakshmi Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Key words: Tomato leaf curl virus, Tomato, Phenol, Host plant Resistance, Diversity.

ABSTRACT

Field screening studies were conducted with 34 tomato genotypes against Tomato leaf curl virus disease under natural epiphytotic conditions during summer 2008-09. All the tomato genotypes were evaluated for their diversity with respect to morphological and biochemical characters. A wild accession, EC-251672 exhibited highly resistant reaction (0%) to ToLCV with no visual symptoms of disease incidence when screened under natural field conditions. Nine hybrids viz., Akash-918, NS-539, NS-515, Siri-9005, STH803, STH-807, To-1827, US-1196, US-2175 and one variety i.e vybhav showed resistant reaction (1-20% incidence) while all Arka series varieties, Pusa hybrid-1 and susceptible 109


check Punjab chuhara (90%) were found highly susceptible to ToLCV .The wild genotype EC-251672 possessed narrow hirsutum type of leaves, glabrous plant surface and high phenol content was found to be highly resistant to ToLCV. Significant negative correlation was obtained between Phenol content of tomato genotypes and the ToLCV disease incidence. Hence this resistant source can be used in the development of future molecular breeding programmes against ToLCV in tomato. A-46 Physiological Basis of Terminal Stage Thermotolerance in Different Genotypes Rapeseed- Mustard Maharaj Singh, J. S. Chauhan and V. V. Singh Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur - 321303 Rajasthan. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Photosynthesis, Stress intensity, Tolerance, Rapeseed-Mustard, Seed yield

ABSTRACT

Growing Indian mustard under late sown condition in northern India is getting importance under multiple cropping systems. There is a need to develop terminal heat tolerant genotype on the basis of desirable physiological traits. The experiment consisted of 43 genotypes of B. juncea and two fillers which were sown in the field at two dates of sowing i.e., 1st optimum, D1 (Oct. 26, 2010) and 2 nd in the last week of November, D2 (November, 2010) to allow the crop exposure to high temperature at terminal stage viz., grain filling stage. Genotypes were sown in augmented block design with four checks. The material was grown in 5 blocks having nine genotypes in each block. Late November sown crop faced average maximum temperature of > 30 0C at grain filling stage. The data were analysed using SPAD software developed by IASRI, New Delhi. Effects of heat (high temperature) stress during terminal stage were investigated on plant height, primary and secondary branches/plant, siliquae on different branches, seeds/siliqua, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, harvest index, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, stress intensity, mean productivity and geometric mean productivity. Late sown condition 110


adversely affected photosynthesis and caused appreciable reduction from 9.8 (JS-29) to 48.3% (PBR-378). The genotypes JS-29, KM-26, RMM-09-02 and PBR-357 showed < 15% reduction in photosynthesis under high temperature stress. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for primary branches, pods on primary branches and main shoot, siliqua length, seed yield, plant dry weight, seed weight and transpiration at timely sown and number of secondary branches, pods on primary, secondary branches and on main shoot, main shoot length, seed yield, plant dry weight and seed weight at terminal heat stress, indicating presence of adequate variability for these traits. Variance due to check/ genotypes was found to be significant for pod on primary branches, seed yield, harvest index, seed weight, transpiration and stomatal conductance at timely sownpods condition and number of primary branches, pods primary branches, shoot length, on main shoot length, siliquae length, plant dryonweight, harvest indexmain and seed weight at terminal heat stress condition which indicate differences between checks as a group and genotypes as another group. Seed yield was significantly correlated with plant height, No. of primary branches and secondary branches/plant, pods on primary and secondary branches, main shoot length, pods on main shoot, total dry matter and mean productivity under timely and late sown condition while stress intensity and tolerance has significant relationship with yield under timely sown condition. Therefore, it is suggested to exercise selection on the basis of these traits for high temperature tolerance at terminal stage. Genotypes, RGN 197, BPR 349-9, BPR 549-9, RH 8814, NRCDR 02, PLM 2, RH 0447 and RB 50 showed yield superiority over the best check under terminal heat stress condition. Thus these genotypes can be used to breed for high temperature tolerance at terminal stage. A-47 Drought Tolerance Parameters in Indian Mustard ( Br assica j un cea L.) V. V. Singh, Maharaj Singh, M. L. Meena, Braj Raj Singh and J. S. Chauhan Directorate of Rapeseed Mustard Research Sewar, Bharatpur 321303 (Raj) Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Indian mustard, Rainfed, Drought Tolerance Efficiency (DTE),

Drought Susceptibility Index (DSI) 111


ABSTRACT

Drought is a major impediment to plant production and is a major problem in India. Rapeseed- mustard is no exception in this regard and about 25% area under this crop is rainfed which suffers from severe water stress at one or more phenological stages during crop growth and reduces seed yield levels. This requires selection and development of drought tolerant genotypes. Keeping these facts in view, an experiment was conducted during 2011-12 at DRMR, Bharatpur (Rajasthan) to identify drought tolerant genotypes using drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) and drought susceptibility index (DSI) as selection criteria. Experimental material consisted of 77 advanced genotypes of Indian mustard selected on the basis of yield performance under rainfed conditions. These genotypes were grown in augmented block design having 07 blocks in two separate experiments i.e. rainfed and irrigated. Three check varieties (RB 50, RH 819 and PBR 97) were repeated after every 10 genotypes in each block. Row to row and plant to plant distance was maintained at 30 cm and 10 cm respectively. Observations were recorded on 13 morphological characters. DSI values were calculated as per formula given by Fischer and Maurer (1978) and DTE as per Fischer and Wood (1981). High variations were observed for drought tolerance parameters both DTE and DSI in the study. While DTE values ranged from 21.6% to 133%, DSI values ranged -1.24 to 2.92. The genotypes with high DTE and low DSI were evaluated as drought tolerant and genotypes with low DTE and high DSI were considered as drought susceptible. On the basis of these criteria, genotypes BPR 686-3, BPR 694-5, BPR 606-31, BPR 156-42, BPR 181-44 BPR 587-51, BPR 583-53 and BPR 606-54 were selected as drought tolerant and may be used as donor in hybridization programme. A-48 Genetic Variability for Folic Acid Content in Chickpea (Cicer ari etin um ) Genotypes Jagdish Singh*, M. S. Aski and P. S. Basu Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Folic Acid, Chickpea, Variability

112


ABSTRACT

Folic acid, also called folate or folacinis a water-soluble B vitamin, which plays an important role in foetal development and maintenance of health. Humans are unable to synthesize folates. A deficiency of this vitamin can cause a range of diseases including some birth defects (such as spina bifida), megaloblasticanemia, cardiovascular conditions, and some cancers. Although folate deficiency is still a serious problem all over the world, it has the highest impact in developing countries, causing 200,000 severe birth defects every year. Fortification of foods for folic acid is mandatory in some of the developed countries which help people get the recommended allowance. Unfortunately, in developing countries this kind of fortification presents a series of challenges. Furthermore, fortification may itself cause some health problems. Therefore, to achieve safety and lower costs, consumption of foods including pulses with a high content of natural tetrahydrofolate would be a better solution. Currently, data concerning the folic acid content and its genetic variation in most of the pulse crops is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic variability for folic acid in chickpea genotypes including 36 Desi and 14 Kabuli types and 3 wild accessions. The total folic acid content was estimated in 53 different chickpea accessions and it was observed that the folic acid content showed narrow genetic variation. The mean folic acid content in Kabuli types was lower (132.7 µg/ 100g) as compared to the desi types (148.7 µg/ 100g) on dry weight basis. In the desi types the folic acid content ranged from 136.1 to 152.7 µg/ 100g and in the kabuli types it ranged from 128.4 -148.6 µg/ 100g, whereas, in the wild accessions ther e was no significant variatio n for folic acid and the values ranged from 119.5 to 120.7 µg/ 100g. The availability of such information on narrow genetic variability for folic acid in the chickpea genotypes suggests that a better strategy to improve folate intake would be to genetically engineer the chickpea crop for improvement of this trait.

113


A-49 Path Coefficient Analysis Studies in Gladiolus Anil kumar1, Rajeev kumar2 and L. singh3 1C.S.A.

University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-2, 2N.B.R.I., Lucknow, 3D.A.V. College, Civil Lines, Kanpur Keywords: Path analysis, Gladiolus, Variance

ABSTRACT

Genetical studies were conducted in twenty genotypes of Gladiolus at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during 1999-2000 and 2000-2001. Promising genotypes of commercial importance were selected for the pathcoefficient relationship in floret aspects with other characters. Bulbs- sprouting was found in positive and direct effect (0.004, 0.033) with positive correlation (0.011, 0.005) in 19992000 and 2000-2001, respectively. In path analysis length of leaf revealed a positive and direct effect also with positive correlation which has been assessed for beneficial aspect in future research achievements. A-50 Performance of Rice Cultures under Coastal Saline Soils of Andhra Pradesh T. Anuradha and K. Nagendra Rao

Agricultural Research Station, Machilipatnam – 521002, Andhara Pradesh, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Rice Cultures, Coastal Salinity.

ABSTRACT

Study of the performance of quality rice cultures under coastal saline eco system of represented by Soil pH - 7.35, EC (dS m -1) - 14.21 and ESP % - 17.57 at Agricultural Research Station, Machilipatnam revealed that the cultures AT 401, IR 71829-3R-10-3 and CSR 28 with yield superiority over the check MTU 1061 can be recommended for the coastal saline soils. 114


B. Seed Science and Technology B-1 Effect of Moist Sand Priming on Seed Quality Parameters, Ascorbate Peroxidase Enzyme Activity in Chickpea (Cicer ari etin um L.) Under Salt Stress Arun Kumar, Pradeep K Shukla, Pragati Misra, H. P. Vijay, Navodita Maurice and P. W. Ramteke Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, (Deemed-to-be-University), Naini, Allahabad-211007, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Chickpea, Priming, Salicylic acid, Salinity, Ascorbate peroxidase

ABSTRACT

Salt stress is a major adverse factor can lower leaf water potential, leading to reduced turgor and some other responses, and ultimately lower crop productivity. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on ascorbate peroxidase enzyme during germination under salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Solid matrix priming with salicylic acid was applied by three different modes under salt stress: (0, 75 and 150 mM). All the moist sand priming treatments significantly enhanced the seed germination percentage compared to unprimed control. However, APX activity in cotyledon reduces from 75 mM to 150 mM salt stress. B-2 Wet and Dry Dressing Treatments on Different Seed Size of Wheat (Tr iti cum aestivum L.) for the Maintenance of Vigour, Viability and Productivity B. K. De*, P. Guha and A. K. Mandal Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata – 700 019, West Bengal, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Seed treatments, Seed size, Wheat, Germinability, Field performance.

115


ABSTRACT

Dry physiological treatments in freshly harvested wheat seed with pharmaceutical formulations (aspirin @ 100 mg/ kg of seed), chemicals (Salicylic acid @50 mg / kg of seed; common bleaching powder @ 2g/ kg of seed) and crude plant materials (finely powdered dry red chilli fruit and Trigonella seed powder @ 1g/ kg of seed ) and soaking-drying treatment showed significant improvement on post storage germinability after subsequent storage and productivity than the untreated control. The invigoration treatments were more or less equally effective in all the three sizes of seed over their respective control. Use of large seed proved much better germinability, field performance and productivity than the medium and small sized seed. Among the treatments, aspirin, Trigonella seed powder and red chilli powder, in particular, showed better results in

improving storability, yield and other yield attributes. The interaction between treatment and seed size was statistically not significant implying thereby that the treatment effect was independent of seed size. The results clearly indicate that the suitability of large sized wheat seed as a planting material and pre-storage aspirin and Trigonella seed powder treatments are very effective for improvement of storability and productivity of wheat. B-3 Prolongation of Seed Vigour of an Ethno-Medicinal Horse-Gram Seeds under Stressful Storage Environment using Selected Chemicals Chandan Kumar Pati1* and Alok Bhattacharjee2 1Saldiha 2

College, Saldiha-722 173, Bankura, West Bengal, India, Burdwan University, Burdwan-713 104, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Keywords: Horse gram, Na-DK, Ascorbic acid, Plant vigour, Accelerated ageing.

ABSTRACT

Pretreatment of horse-gram (Dolichos biflorus L. cv BR-5) seeds with aqueous solutions of sodium dikegulac (Na-DK) and ascorbic acid (100 ìg ml -1 of each) for 116


6 hours before accelerated ageing treatment (99.1% RH and 32±2 0C) for different durations (0 to 30 days) slowed down the rapid loss of germination and reduced the time (h) required for 50% seed germination (T 50) in both the species. The chemicals also significantly arrested profuse leakage of amino acids from seeds. Concomitantly, the reduction of protein, insoluble carbohydrate, DNA and RNA levels as well as activity of catalase enzyme of seed kernels during forced ageing period was ameliorated to a significant extent in the chemical-pretreated seeds. Conversely, ageing-induced stimulation of the activity of amylase enzyme was alleviated by the seed pretreating agents. Again, potted plants raised from the pretreated seeds showed better performance, measured in terms of some vital physiological and biochemical parameters. The promising effects of the experimental chemicals on storage potentiation of the seeds and enhancement of plant vigour are apparent in this investigation. B-4 Seed Treatments for Improved Retention of Vigour, Viability and Yield

Potential of Low-Medium-Vigour Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds D. Saha* and A. K. Mandal Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkala-700019, West Bengal, India, *Corresponding Author Email: salia.debasi.s.1731@gmail,com

Keywords: Seed treatment, Sunflower, Storability, Yield

ABSTRACT

Hydration-dehydration treatment of four-month-old (low-medium-vigour) sunflower (1-Ielianams annuity L.) seeds showed highly significant improvement in post-storage germinability as well as the field performance of the resultant crop over untreated control. The seeds were also treated with aspirin @ 50 mg/kg of seed; bleaching powder @ 2 g/kg of seed; para-amino-benzoic acid @500 mg/kg of seed; red chilli powder (a) l g/kg of seed and neem leaf powder @) 2g/kg of seed. Among the dry 117


treatments, only the bleaching powder and red chilli powder treated seeds showed significant improveme nt in storability and productivity but not better than the hydrationdehydration treatment. Based on the above results, hydration-dehydration treatment may be suggested for the improvement of germinability and yield potential of stored low-medium-vigour sunflower seeds. B-5 Mitigation of Phytotoxic Effects of HgCl 2 by using Hydro and Nitrate Salt Primed Seeds of Wheat Mahesh Kumar1, Sananda Mondal2 and Bandana Bose3 Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, (U.P.) India 221005. * Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Seed Priming, Nitrate Salt, Phototoxic Effect

ABSTRACT

The present investigation explores the role of seed priming in mitigating the phytotoxic effects of HgCl2 (0-1mM) on germination and seedling growth of wheat (var. HUW-468). Increasing concentration of HgCl2 inhibited germination percentage, á-amylase activity, soluble sugar content, seedling emergence (%), shoot and root length, except insoluble sugar, chlorophyll and proline content in seed/ endosperm/ seedling in respect to control. Hydroprimed set performed better during preliminary hours of germination whereas in later hours nitrate primed sets [Mg(NO3)2 and Ca(NO3)2] showed improvement in said parameters. Seedling emergence at 6 days, root length at 10 days, proline and chlorophyll (a and b) contents at 25 days were found maximum in Mg(NO 3)2 and 1mM HgCl2 + Mg(NO3)2 treated sets respectively.

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B-6 Desiccation and Chilling Sensitivity an Impediment for ex sit u Conservation of Recalcitrant Seeds: A Study on Tropical and Temperate Recalcitrant Seeds Manisha Thapliyal Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 48006, Uttarakhand, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Diploknema butyracea, Quercus leucotrichophora, Chilling, Desiccation

sensitivity, Germination, Recalcitrant seeds

ABSTRACT

Sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds to desiccation and chilling was tested to develop storage techniques. Seeds had initial germination of 86% and 36.31% moisture content (MC), desiccated very fast upon extraction and registered a decline in germination. Desiccation of seeds below 20% moisture led to drastic decline in germinability from 49.50 to 6.66%. They could not survive at temperatures below 20 0C owing to the high moisture content. Quercus leucotrichophora is an ecologically important species of sub-tropical and temperate forests. Its acorns (seeds) had high initial germination of 95% and MC of 43.15%, upon reduction of its moisture to 30.85% germination also came down to 58.33% but below 30% mc, it steeply declined to 6.67%. The acorns stored for longest duration (2.5 years) at 5 0C maintaining above 30% viability, whereas acorns did not survive above a year at higher temperatures and suffered freezing injury at zero and sub-zero temperatures due to high MC. Thus, seeds of D. butyracea are tropical recalcitrant in storage physiology and are difficult to store safely above a month due to their extreme sensitivity to desiccated and chilling whereas acorns of Q. leucotrichophora were temperate recalcitrant as they could tolerate chilling but not desiccation. They could safely be stored in non-desiccated state at low temperature for above two years.

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B-7 Effect of Different Substrate for Production of Artificial Seed in Stevia r ebaudian a Mohd. Kamran Khan, Pradeep K Shukla*, Pragati Misra, and P. W. Ramteke

Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (Deemed-to-be-University), Naini, Allahabad-211007, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Artificial seeds, Stevia rebaudiana, Substrate, Adenine sulphate, Encapsulation

ABSTRACT

seeds make in a promising technique propagation transgenictoplants plantArtificial lines with problems seed production. Anfor experiment wasofconducted study and the role of different substrate for the production of artificial seeds in Stevia rebaudiana. Artificial seed germination occurred within 7 days after inoculation primarily by breaking open the calcium alginate matrix resulting in the emergence of shoots. The Best rooting with the maximum lengths of roots were observed with NAA 1 mg/l. The plantlets were successfully subjected to hardening media containing Soil + Solarite + Vermiculite (2:1:1) showed the maximum survival percentage in the foam cups. B-8 Seed Treatments for Extended Storability and Their Physiology on Different Vigour Status of Okra (A belmoschu s escul entus L.) P. Guha* and A. K. Mandal Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Seed treatment, Vigour status, Okra, Storability, Biochemical changes.

ABSTRACT

Dry dressing of different vigour lots viz., high-vigour (HV) Medium-vigour (MV)and low-vigour (LV) of okra seeds with pharmaceutical formulations (aspirin @ 50 mg/ kg of 120


seed); crude plant materials viz., red chilli powder (Capsicum frutescence L. @ I g/ kg of seed) and neem leaf powder ( Azadirachta indica L. @ 2 g/ kg of seed); and wet treatment (soaking-drying) showed significant post-storage germinability of okra over their respective control. Most of’ the dry treatments has shown better results in improving germinability over control, especially in case of HV seed. But in case of MV seed, dry treatments showed a marginal LV improvement on germinability than the untreated ones. In LV seeds, dry treatments did not show any significant improvement on vigour and viability over untreated control. Soaking- drying treatment showed adverse effect on Germinability in HV okra seeds, probably due to soaking injury. But, in case of MV 14wvigkir seeds, soaking-drying gave better results in improving storability over their respective untreated control. The treatment effects are positively correlated with the different vigour status in improving germinability of the okra seeds. Similar trends of results were observed in physiological and biochemical studies in reducing the leakage of electrolytes and sugar; lower volatile aldehyde production; and higher dehydrogenase enzyme activity by the treated seed over their respective untreated control. The present study reveals that the dry seed treatments with aspirin and red chilli powder in 141, 1 .-1 LV seeds; and wet treatment viz., soaking-drying in medium- and LV seeds may be suggested for the retention of vigour and viability during storage of okra. B-9 Saturation Mapping of QTL Region and Identification of Putative Candidate Genes for Grain Nutritive Value in Rice (Or yza sativa L.) Rakesh Kumar Verma*, G. Chandel and V. Premi

IGKV Raipur Chattisgarh – 492006. *Corresponding Author Email: rv_rakesh2007@ yahoo. com Keywords: Saturation mapping, QTL, Rice, Candidate gene

ABSTRACT

Micronutrient deficiency also known as ‘hidden hunger’ is a common malnutrition problem in the present world. In this study Co-segregation of alleles and grain Fe, Zn, 121


Protein and tryptophan content were analyzed using F 6 mapping population of cross between Swarna (Low) and Moroberekan (High) rice genotypes. SSRs markers were designed from 5 known QTLs for grain Fe/Zn and Protein content in rice and analyzed using in-silico tools for metal transporter or membrane transporter genes and out of that 2 SSR markers were associated with Fe and Zn content, one with protein and rest three with tryptophan content. B-10 High Dilutions of Sodium Chloride Mitigates Salt Stress in Germinating Cowpea Seeds Sandhimita Mondal*, Soma Sukul (nee Chunari) and N. C. Sukul

Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, West Bengal, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Salinity, Cowpea, Germination, Natrum mur, Growth, Chlorophyll, Rubisco.

ABSTRACT

High level of salinity deteriorates seed germination, growth and yield of crops. The purpose of the present study is to see whether potentized Natrum mur could alleviate salt stress in germinating cowpea seeds. Water-soaked seeds were kept over moist filter paper in covered petridishes which were divided into 5 groups : (1) unstressed and untreated control in sterile distilled water, (2) in 100mM sodium chloride solution, (3) seeds pretreated with Natrum mur 200c and then kept in sterile distilled water, (4) seeds mur 200c and then transferred to 100mM NaCl solution and (5) pretreated with Natrum seeds pretreated with 90% ethanol. Both Natrum mur 200c and its diluent medium 90% ethanol were diluted with distilled water 1 : 100 before use for treatment. Natrum mur 200c increased the rate of seed germination, seed water content and growth of seedlings. Chlorophyll, soluble and insoluble sugar, rubisco and total protein content as compared to the untreated salt stressed group. All the data were analyzed by ANOVA and the significance level was not less than 1%. Natrum mur 200c reversed the effects of salt stress in germinated seeds thereby providing evidence for Hahnemann’s similia principle in plants.

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B-11 Optimization of Seed Production Techniques in Single Cross Maize Hybrid HEMA (NAH-1137) Vinutha, K. S.*, S. Rajendra Prasad, Rame Gowda, P. Ravishakar, Parashivamurthy and J. Shanthala University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Single cross, Seed maize, NAH-1137

ABSTRACT

The field experiment was carried out in NSP in kharif 2011. Better synchronization of flowering was observed in S 2 with 50% female silking in 56.83 days and male tasseling in 55.95 days followed by S3 (55.94 and respectively) with higher seed yield (130.86 g/ plant), seed yield (2.62 kg/plot) and seed yield (42.81 q/ha). Among the planting ratios, higher seed yield (3.26 kg/plot), seed yield (34.51 q/ha) was recorded in P 3 and lower in P1 (1.49 kg/plot and 34.51 q/ha respectively). Clipping had no effect on seed yield or quality parameters of single cross maize hybrid. C. Plant Biotechnology, Plant Physiology and Plant Biochemistry C-1 Effect of Coconut Milk on Chromosomes of Shoot Derived Callus Tissues of Jute (Corchr ous olitoriu s L. variety JRO-632) A. Chatterjee1 and P. K. Ghosh2 of Advanced Study in Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta,35,Ballygunge Circular Road,Calcutta-700047.West Bengal. 2CSB, CSR&TI, Berhampore-742101, Murshidabad, W.B. 1Centre

Keywords : Corchorus olitorius L., Shoot Explant, Chromosome, Coconut Milk.

ABSTRACT

Jute seeds (Corchorus olitorius L. Variety JRO-632) were grown in in vitro in White’s medium. The root explants were collected from in vitro growing seedlings and 123


were cultured aseptically in both Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) and Schenk and Hildebrandt’s (SH) media with different combinations and concentrations of auxins and cytokinins whereas in other cases no auxins was utilized. Callus tissues were obtained from the epicotyls explants in MS basal medium supplemented with Iodole Acetic Acid (IAA) and coconut milk. When the concentration of coconut milk was gradually increased vigorous growth of the callus tissues was observed. Coconut Milk also enhanced rapid growth of the callus tissues. Cytological analysis revealed that the callus tissues are mixoploid, diploid, polyploidy in nature. The present investigation indicates that coconut milk plays an important role in in vitro culture of shoot derived callus tissues and its role in chromosomal change during in vitro growth of callus tissues. C-2 Mosquito Repellant Fabrics Using Microencapsulation Methods A. Yashwant Kumar and V. Senthil Kumar Govt. College of Technology, Thadagam Rd, Coimbatore, Email: yashkumar1992 @gmail. com Keywords : Microencapsulation, Enzymes

ABSTRACT

Almost all of the contagious diseases in the society are spread by vectors. These vectors play a dominant role in a disease outback involving 7.038 billion people around the globe. Mosquitoes are such vectors which spread disease rapidly by feeding on a diseased person then transmitting to a normal This goes in chain dreadfuland diseases like dengue,itchicken guineaperson. and filarial are caused by manner. mosquito.Many The common chemical used against them DEET is harmful and creates lung disorder. Hence natural elements which have a strong irritation power to mosquito by damaging their receptors, thereby repelling them for a certain distance. Certain elements like catnip, tea tree oil, garlic, neem tree,pythrium, citronella oil, eucalyptus oil, spearmint repel mosquitoes to some extent, thereby preventing their contacts. Though the exact molecule causing this property is unknown, they are carefully extracted from leaves and bark. They are attached to the fabrics by microencapsulation methods involving enzymes (like cellulase) of various layers. The main challenges of retaining these molecules on fabric are to be sought by developing a triggering mechanism for release of these molecules. Further 124


charging the encapsulation mixture to bind with the fabric bearing opposite charge is experimented. C-3 Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Certain Agricultural Botanicals against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Strains Aishwarya, Pradeep K Shukla, Pragati Misra*, Sanghdeep Gautam, Sasya Nagar, Yogendra Singh and P. W. Ramteke Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Department of Tissue Engineeering, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, (Deemed-to-be-University), Naini, Allahabad-211007, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Antibacterial efficacy, Multiple Drug Resistance, Agricultural botanicals, Leaf extract

ABSTRACT

Plants provide a source of inspiration for novel drug compounds, as plants derived medicines have made large contributions to human health and wellbeing. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts of Emblica officinalis, Allium sativum, Withania somnifera and Adathoda vasica against some multiple drug resistant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MCCB0066, Escherichia coli MCCB0124, Klebsiella pneumoniae MCCB001 and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa MCCB0035) was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. The results showed that all the bacterial strains were found to be sensitive to aqueous and ethanol extracts. But, the organic extracts were comparatively more effective than the aqueous extracts. C-4 Expression of a Synthetic Bt gene in Pigeon pea (Cajanu s cajan L.) Confers Resistance to Gram Pod Borer (H eli coverpa ar miger a L.) Alok Das*, S. Datta, K. R. Soren, P. G. Patil, S. D. Mohapatra, S. K. Chaturvedi and N. Nadarajan Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Pigeon pea, Auxins, Cytokinins, Transformation,Bt-gene, Kanamycin, Gram pod borer

125


ABSTRACT

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) is the second most important grain legume of India, and constitutes an important component of protein intake in human diet. The gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera L.) is the most destructive insect pest of pigeon pea, accounting to 10-40% loss annually. Insecticidal gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was shown to confer resistance against lepidopteran pests in many crop species. A synthetic Bt gene (cry1Ac) under constitutive promoter (CaMV35S), mobilized into Agrobacterium was used for genetic transformation of pigeon pea. Constitutive expression of synthetic cry1Ac in pigeon pea exhibited high neonate mortality (95-100%). Elite lines with stable expression can be used as donor in insect resistance breeding programme. C-5 Study of Water Stress Induced Osmolytes Accumulation and Activity and Gene Expression of Enzymes Involved in Osmolyte Biosynthesis in Wheat Genotypes Aradhna Kumari1*, Santosh Kumar Singh2 and R.K. Sairam3 of Agriculture, JNKVV, Ganj Basoda, M.P. 464221, 2RAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 3 848125, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 1College

Keywords : Wheat, Osmolytes, Soluble sugars, Proline, Trehalose, Glycine betaine

ABSTRACT

Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the survival and growth of plants in India. Osmotic adjustment (OA) is an important adaptive response to this situation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objectives of this study were to determine the relationships between osmolyte accumulation and activity and gene expression of enzymes involved in osmolyte synthesis under water stress in different wheat genotypes. Role of osmolytes in imparting water stress tolerance was studied in five selected wheat genotypes, two tolerant and three susceptible selected on the basis of physiological and yield parameters. Accumulation of total soluble sugars, proline, glycine betaine and trehalose takes place in all genotypes under water stress in comparison to control. But tolerant genotypes like C306 and HD2987 maintained higher level of these osmolytes in comparison to water stress susceptible varieties HD2733, PBW343 and HD2967 under 126


water stress. Studies on osmolyte synthesizing enzymes activity and transcript abundance showed that water stress induced transcription level changes resulted in increased activity of various enzymes involved in osmolyte synthesis, which ultimately lead to increased accumulation of various osmolytes. C-6 Effects of Chemical Growth Retardants for Submergence Tolerance in Rice (Or yza sativa L .) B. Pradhan*, S. Kundu and S. Kundagrami Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Submergence, Paclobutrazol, Abscisic acid (ABA), Genetic variability

ABSTRACT

Two growth retardants namely paclobutrazol (5µM/lt) and abscisic acid (5µM/lt) at pre vegetative stage were given as foliar spray of before two days of submergence with resistant check IR64 sub1 and three susceptible varieties viz. IR42, Swarna and IR64 under drum & pot screening method. The growth retardant reduces the stem elongation per day, elongation %, plant height after submergence but increases the survival %. The important genetic variability parameters viz. CV, GCV, PCV, h%, GA and GA% of mean were estimated for all characters after treatment effect. Less difference of G.C.V and P.C.V and high heritability coupled with high genetic gain in all of the characters suggest they are for controlled genes tolerance. and selection based on the characters will be effective breedingbytoadditive submergence C-7 Genetic Diversity Studies of Different Wild and Cultivated Rice Species Using SSR Markers D. Swain, S. Samanta Ray, Hemalata Kumari Das and H. N. Subudhi Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack-753006, Odisha, India. *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Oryza, SSR, Genetic diversity, Species relationship

127


ABSTRACT

In the present investigation, 41 microsatellite molecular markers were used to explore the Phylogenetic relationships among closely related wild rice species, elite cultivars and landraces of the genus Oryza, a pre-requisite for successful introgression of alien genes. SSR derived dendrogram analysis; Jaccard’s similarity co-efficient and Principal Coordinate Analysis were completed successfully. There was a total of 209 bands generated consisting 161 polymorphic (70.03%) and 48 unique. RM24260 produced maximum number of 11 bands and the lowest number of one band was produced by RM13357 and RM 17600. The species having AA genome (consisting cultivars, landraces and wild species) were segregated in to six closely related clusters revealing wide genetic variability. The wild species of the genus Oryza, belonging to different genomic groups other than AA, were segregated in to five divergent groups and as expected, the species having closely related genomes occupied the same group. The species having CC, CCDD genome occupied the same group. The species having EE, FF, GG, HHJJ and HHKK genome occupied different groups respectively. It was quite interesting to note that all four different accessions of O. coarctata, having HHKK genome occupied the same group. It thus proved that the SSR markers used in this study were quite efficient to decipher the genetic diversity/closeness to a great extent among the different species of the genus Oryza.

C-8 Cloning of Full Length cDNA of Annexin2 and Annexin4 from Pearl Millet Deepa Dhatwalia 1, C. Tara Satyawathi2 and Sharmistha Barthakur* 1National 2Indian

Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India, Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Pearl millet, Annexins, Drought, Expression profiling.

ABSTRACT

Annexins are multigene, multifunctional family of proteins with a broad taxonomic distribution, characterized by their type II calcium binding motif. They are widely involved in plant high temperature stress tolerance. Pennisetum glaucum is a very hardy crop and produces grain and fodder under very hot and dry conditions including poor soils. Twelve 128


Pearl millet cultivars were selected for analysis of annexins. After extensive transcript expression analysis, two full length cDNAs were isolated, cloned and confirmed by sequencing using RT PCR from D23 (tolerant) and PPMI69 (sensitive) cultivars utilizing rice annexin primers. That may further be used in development of lines tolerant to heat. C-9 Comparative Assessment of Growth Performance of Embryogenic Suspension Culture of Pin us kesiya (Royle Ex. Gord.) in Shake Flask and Self Designed Bubble Bioreactor and Regeneration of Plantlets from the Culture Systems Hiranjit Choudhury1* and Pramod Tandon2 1School

of Technology, 2School of Life Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Keywords : Pinus kesiya, Somatic embryogenesis, Suspension culture, Self designed bubble

bioreactor (SdBB), Shake flask (SF), Sedimented cell volume (SCV) ABSTRACT

Embryogenic suspensions of Pinus kesiya (khasi pine) derived from embryogenic cultures raised from immature zygotic embryos (intact megagametophytes) of Pk-04 genotype were grown in shake flasks and self-designed bubble bioreactors. Growth characteristics viz., sedimented cell volume, and number of stage-I (early stage) and -III (cotyledonary) embryo formation in suspensions were determined over a 21-day period. -1

Compared to shake flasks mlNumber l SCV), proliferation in bioreactors resulted in increased biomass (408 ml l-1(349 SCV). of stage-III (cotyledonary) embryos formed (40 ml-1 suspension) in SdBB was significantly higher than SF cultures (16 ml-1 suspension). The result indicated that 1 lit of suspension culture in SdBB has the potential to produce > 40 thousand stage-III embryos as compared to 16 thousand with SF suspension culture system in P. kesiya. Maturation of somatic embryos was done on gelled medium. Percent maturation frequency was found maximum (1.8) with SdBB culture as against SF culture (1.1). The matured cotyledonary embryos germinated successfully producing plantlets on germination medium. The percentage germination of somatic embryos ranged from 71.97-70.15 and the percentage plantlet formation varied between 83.79-80.52 in all culture systems showing no significant difference. 129


C-10 Anatomical and Physiological Factors Determining Fibre Fineness in Jute J. H. Meshram*, P. Palit and B. S. Mahapatra Central Research Institute for Jute & Allied Fibres, (ICAR), Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Jute, Lignin deficient mutant, Finer fibre

ABSTRACT

Jute (Corchorus capsularis L and C. olitorius L.) is a versatile crop of many usages with added environmental benefit. From the anatomy of jute stem the quality of fibre has been shown to have close relationship with structure of individual (ultimate) cells and shape of fibre bundle. The fibre fineness is a significant determinant of the value of raw jute fibre and of fundamental importance to spinners for fine yarn. The fineness (tex) of fibre depends on the structural characteristics of the cell wall. The wall characteristics are in turn regulated by genetic make-up and the signal(s) at different developmental stages of the plant. Lignification of the fibre cell wall was found to be the central factor to regulate fineness. The wall thickness (µm) was found to be negatively related to the fineness of a plant, indicating that the reduction of cell wall thickness would be an important parameter for improving fibre fineness. The biochemical and hormonal control of the cell wall development has been elucidated. C-11 Genetic Diversity in Mediterranean and Its Derivative Materials Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Phenotypic Traits Jitendra Kumar* and Ekta Srivastva Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024 (UP). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Genetic diversity, SSR, PCA

ABSTRACT

Genetic diversity among 12 lentil genotypes comprising local and exotic germplasm, elite breeding lines and improved cultivars released in India was analyzed using SSR 130


markers. Out of 65 SSR markers, 43 SSR markers (66%) showed polymorphism and generated a total of 242 alleles with an average of 5.6 alleles per SSR markers. Alleles per marker were ranged from 2 to 7. The polymorphic information content was ranged 0.57 to 0.99 with an average of 0.95 suggesting that SSR markers are highly polymorphic among the studied genotypes. A dendrogram based on genetic similarity grouped these accessions into two main clusters. The genetic similarity among genotypes was ranged 42% to 64% suggesting high level of genetic diversity among the genotypes. First three components of PCA explained 49.7% of total genetic variation suggesting further that present genotypes are diverse. These genotypes also showed a range of variability for phenotypic traits. Analysis of the pedigree of present genotypes revealed that most of genotypes have genotypes in their pedigree srcinated from Mediterranean region. Thus these results clearly demonstrated that use of germplasm of Mediterranean region have diversified the genetic base of lentil germplasm at molecular and phenotypic level. C-12 Role of Heat Shock Transcription Factors and Heat Shock Proteins in High Temperature Tolerance of Wheat Krishna Kumar G.*, R. K. Sairam and Lekshmy S. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Temperature stress, Wheat, HSP, HSF, Tolerance.

ABSTRACT High temperature stress is a major constraint for wheat production in India. The present study was conducted with genotypes viz. Halna, DBW 14 (Thermo-tolerant) and HD 2687 (Susceptible), sown on 25 th November, 15th December and 10th January of 2010-11. High temperature stress led to reduction in relative water content, membrane stability index, pigments and photosynthesis. Halna and DBW 14 maintained better yield stability index under high temperature. Expression profiling of heat shock factor, HSFA4a and proteins, HSP16.9, HSP17.3, HSP80 and HSP101c revealed higher in tolerant genotype. The study concluded that up-regulation of HSFs and HSPs played decisive role in thermo-tolerance.

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C-13 Marker Free and Tissue Specific Expression of Rice Chitinase Gene for Enhanced Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice Kutubuddin Molla1, Subhasis Karmakar2, Palas K. Chanda3, Swapan K. Datta4, Karabi Datta5* 1University of Calcutta, Cicular Road, Kolkata, W.B., India; 2CMTHIDR, TMHRI, Hauston, Texus, USA; 3ICAR, New Delhi, India, *Corresponding author E.mail address: [email protected] Keywords : Chitinase, Marker free transgenic, Co-transformation, Sheath blight, Enhanced resistance, Rhizoctonia solani.

ABSTRACT

A rice chitinase (chi11) gene was cloned under the control of a rice green tissue specific promoter PD540 generating the transformation cassette PCN. For marker free transgenic, the made construct PCN was successfully cotransformed biolistically into rice genome keeping the selectable marker gene in a separate vector background. The integration of transgene was confirmed by PCR and southern blot analysis. Six T 1 plants were identified as marker free transgenics which were obtained by Mendelian segregation. Bioassay of detached leaf using mycelial agar disc and isolated RS toxin from Rhizoctonia solani showed enhanced resistance against the disease. C-14 Herbal Seed Treatments and Application of Hoagland’s Nutrient Solution-Tools for Tolerating Salinity Stress in Chickpea ( Cicer ari etin um L.) M. Das*, D. Roy Choudhury and S. Kundagrami Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Chickpea, Herbal seed treatment, Salinity tolerance, Hoagland’s nutrient solution

Chickpea is an important pulse crop rich source of vegetable protein and play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. Acreage and production of chickpea is very low compared to national average in west bangal due to several constraints. A major portion of coastal 132


area remains uncultivated in rabi season. Studies were conducted to make possible use of waste saline land through improving field performance of chickpea by treating the seeds with nineteen different herbal materials. Salinity tolerances of the treated seeds were tested both in laboratory and in field condition. It was observed that some treatments like coriander, turmeric, chilli, jeera, neem and betel vine were able to enhance salinity tolerance and field performance of chickpea significantly. Besides, in another experiment Hoagland’s Solution was applied as exogenous nutrient which significantly alleviated adverse effect of salinity by increasing survival percentage and seedling vigour of the chickpea germplasm under salt stress condition. C-15 Screening of Advanced Back Cross Lines for Drought Tolerance in Rice (Or yza sati va L ) M. Girija Rani*, K. S.N Prasad, P. V. Satyanarayana and Y. Suryanarayana Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru 534 122, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Drought tolerance, Rice, SSRs, Yield

ABSTRACT

Drought is one of the serious abiotic stresses limiting productivity of rice under dry spells in crop season. Hence, present study was aimed to estimate heritability of yield and its components under low land stress for direct selection of yield in fifty advanced back cross lines derived from drought susceptible Samba Mahsuri and tolerant Azucena besides screening with yield QTL linked molecular markers. High heritability for broad sense was observed in days to 50% flowering followed by spikelet fertility and grain yield per plant indicating direct selection for yield under stress is practicable in evolving drought tolerant rice varieties with yield potential. Thirty one advanced back cross lines (BC 2F3) co segregating for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) linked to yield QTLs under low land stress viz., RM 520 linked to DTY 3.1 on chromosome 3 and RM 236 linked to DTY 2.1 on chromosome 2, exceeding yield of susceptible parent were advanced to BC 2F4. These results suggested that direct selection for yield under water stress coupled with marker assisted screening would help in precise selection of genotypes for drought prone areas 133


C-16 Comparative Analyses of Structural Properties of Argonaute Proteins in Two Important Crop Plants (Or yza sati va and H ordeum vul gare) Moumita Adhikary, Sohini Gupta, Paushali Roy, Sayak Ganguli* and Abhijit Datta DBT Centre for Bioinformatics, Presidency University, Kolkata, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Argonaute, Oryza, Hordeum, Molecular modeling, Structural analyses.

ABSTRACT

The cultivated species of rice are Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. Oryza sativa is grown all over the world while Oryza glaberrima has been cultivated in West Africa for the last 3500 years. The exact srcin of barley is debatable, possibly srcinating in Egypt, Ethiopia, the Near East or Tibet. However, we are fairly certain that barley was among the earliest cultivated grains, around the same time as domestication of wheat. Barley was grown in the Middle East prior to 10,000 BC, but barley’s cultivation in China and India probably occurred later. Barley was grown on the Korean Peninsula by 1500850 BC along with millet, wheat, and legumes. Six- rowed barley did not come about until after 6000 BC. In ancient Egypt (3200 BC to 30 BC) barley bread and beer (made from barley) constituted a complete diet. This work mainly focuses on the analyses of conserved structural features in argonautes belonging to both Oryza and Hordeum. Argonaute proteins are the second most key player after Dicer in the small RNA mediated silencing pathways. Their structure has been studied over the years and important features such as domain organizations have been identified. However plant argonautes have not been studied in great detail due to the lack of availability sequence information and crystallographic structures. As RNA interference gradually occupies the centre stage of plant modification and crop transformation experiments, it is important to understand the structural conservedness and variations in argonautes so as to design effective non coding RNAs with the potential to develop better selectable plants. 134


C-17 Development of Salinity Tolerant Transgenic Rice Plant with Rab16A Gene Driven by Stress Inducible Promoter 2 and Karabi Datta 3 Moumita Ganguly1*, Swapan Kumar Datta 2 of Botany, University of Kolkata, Kolkata, ICAR, New Delhi. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1,3Department

Keywords : Abiotic stress, Salinity, Stress Inducible promoter, Transgenic Rice

ABSTRACT

Development of salinity tolerant transgenic rice plant was done with Rab16A gene driven by stress inducible promoter. The functional characterization of this stress inducible Rab promoter was studied by linked to gusA gene. The accumulation of gusA transcript

increased with increasing salt/ABA concentration with ABA being the better activator in this case. Molecular analysis of the transgenic plant with Rab16A gene revealed stable integration of the transgene. High level of expression was detectable under simulated salinity stress (250 mM NaCl, 24 h). Enhanced tolerance to salinity was observed in the plants transformed with Rab16A. This demonstrates the potentiality of Group 2 LEA proteins i.e. Rab16A in crop biotechnology in conferring salinity tolerance through genetic manipulation. C-18 Enhancing Physiological Efficiency of Pulses for Improved Adaptation to Changing Climate Mudit Srivastava*, Shivangi Singh, Priyanka Porwal, Shweta Gupta and P. S. Basu Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR), Kanpur-208024 (UP). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Climate change, Pulse, Physiology

ABSTRACT

Pulses are major source of protein for majority of the Indians. Being rainfed crop and with a projected rise in the temperature and water crisis by end of this century, the pulses are considered to be the most threatened crop species in respect to climate change. 135


Therefore a large number of germplasm of pigeon pea, chickpea, green gram and black gram were screened for improved heat and drought tolerance. Photosynthesis sharply decreased beyond 35°C in all pulses under drought, however pigeon pea and chickpea recovered fast to normal photosynthesis when temperature dropped below 35°C but green gram and black gram (Vigna sp.) could not revive. The improved adaptation of pigeon pea and chickpea under drought was associated with high osmotic adjustment (1.4 MPa) which also imparts tolerance to high temperature. The lack of osmotic adjustment in Vigna sp. could be the possible factor of poor adaptation to drought and high temperature. A large number of germplasm including wild species were screened for combined tolerance to drought and heat based upon osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis. C-19 Effect of Plant Derived Gelling Agents as Agar Substitute in Micropropagation of Mulberry (M orus indica L. Cv. S-1635) N. Lalitha*, L. M. Devi, R. Banerjee, S. Chattopadhyay, A. K. Saha and B. B. Bindroo Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Berhampore 742101, W.B. India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Mulberry, Micro-propagation media, Agar

ABSTRACT

Three putative gelling agents namely corn flour ( Zea mays var. amylacea), Cassava powder (Manihot esculenta ) and arrowroot ( Maranta arundinaceae ) and their combinations with agar have been tested in search of a cheap potential gelling agent for mulberry (Morus indica L. cv. S-1635) micropropagation. Results revealed that corn flour at 22 gl-1 in combination with 3.5 gl-1 agar produced significantly higher micro- shoots of length (4.57 ± 0.32 cm) among the treatments. The selected plant derived alternative gelling agents are easily available in the market and can be added with ease thereby, serving as inexpensive substitute of agar. The design and adoption of cost efficient tissue culture protocols is a prerequisite in the adoption of the low cost tissue culture technology in developing countries. 136


C-20 Cloning, Characterization and Temporal Expression Profiling of Inositol Pentakisphosphate 2-Kinase (Ipk1) Gene in the Developing Seeds of Glycin e max L. Nabaneeta Basak, Mansi Punjabi, Vanita Pandey and Archana Sachdev* Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India, *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : IPK1, Quantitative expression, Developing seeds, Inositol phosphates

ABSTRACT

Phytic acid, the most abundant myo-inositol form contributing mainly to phosphorus storage in plant seeds, strongly chelates essential mineral cations and charged proteins decreasing their bioavailabilty. Amongst the biosynthetic pathway enzymes, IPK1 (Inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase) catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of phytic acid. In the present study, a coding sequence of soybean ( Glycine max L. var. Pusa 9712) IPK1 was amplified from developing seeds of soybean by RT-PCR using suitable primers. The transcribed sequence had an open reading frame of 1371 bp encoding 456 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a high degree of similarity (99%) to the GmIPK1 nucleotide sequence available in the Genbank. Alignment of the deduced amino acids carried out in various plant IPK1s showed the conserved regions. Computational analysis predicted the occurrence of two trans-membrane helices and also revealed the presence of a predominant ATP binding domain. Quantitative PCR revealed increased transcript levels of IPK1 in the early stages of seed development reaching a maximum at 4-6 mm sized seeds thus providing an insight into its expression profile. C-21 Quantitative Study on Germination and Seedling Growth of Abelm oschu s escul entus Crop in Alkaline Soil Using Salicylic Acid Pawar Shrikant H.* and Patil R. R. School of Earth Science, Solapur University, Solapur. 413255. India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keyword : Agriculture, Seed germination, Salicylic acid, Salinity.

137


ABSTRACT

Saline alkaline-black cotton soil contains salts which may affect germination of seed and seedling growth. In present study, the germination of Abelmoschus esculentus (Ankur 41) under the salt stress and soil treated conditions with different salicylic acid concentrations of (20ppm, 40ppm, 60ppm, 80ppm, and 100ppm) was studied under carefully maintained laboratory conditions. Lowest germination (no seed germination) was observed in soil with 40ppm concentration while highest (100%) germination was observed in fertile soil with time gap of control after 48 hours. Seed germination (80%) was observed in the treatment of salicylic acid with 60ppm concentration after 96 hours while the least germination (10%) was observed in same condition applied to alkaline soil without any treatment. After 10 days in control the lowest root length (1.1 cm) and shoot length (0.7 cm) was observed while in 60ppm, highest root length up to 4.6 cm and shoot length up to 2.7 cm was observed. After 21 days lowest root length 1.4 cm and shoot length 1.3 cm was observed in saline soil without any treatment. Highest root length observed was 4.9 cm and shoot length was 6.3 cm in 60ppm in the specific days. C-22 Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Papaya and Ashwagandha: Forestry Based Medicinal Plants Pragati Misra, Pradeep K. Shukla, Sanghdeep Gautam* and George Thomas School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected]

1Jacob

Keywords : Nanoparticles, Synthesis, Silver, Ashwagandha, Papaya

ABSTRACT

Green fresh leaf extract of papaya, Ashwagandha, and root and fruit extract of Ashwagandha were used to silver nanoparticle by green synthesis method. 1ml of aqueous plant extract was added into 2ml aqueous solution of 1mM AgNO3 and 17ml deionized water for reduction into Ag+ ions and kept at room temperature for 5hours. It started to change the colour from watery to yellowish brown which indicated formation of silver nanoparticles. The intensity of colour development was significantly higher in Ashwagandha root followed by Ashwagandha leaves, papaya leaves, and least in 138


Ashwagandha fruit. Silver nanoparticles synthesized were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy. C-23 Low Cost Mass Multiplication System in Anthurium andreanum (Hort) Cultivars through Callus Mediated Organogenesis Prakasha, D. P College of Horticulture, Munirabad, Koppal-583 233. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Sun Glow, Chaco and Pistachio, Leaf lamina explants, Dark incubation

ABSTRACT Anthurium is a cut flower species in the tropical and subtropical countries and mass

propagation of quality planting material through tissue culture techniques appears as a best alternative to increase production. This study presents mass multiplication system through callus mediated organogenesis in popular Anthurium andreanum cv. Sun Glow, Chaco and Pistachio. Petiole with leaf showed highest callusing response (90±6.87) in cv. Sun Glow and Leaf lamina with midrib explants in cv. Pistachio. Highest callus multiplication ratio (4.35) was observed in cv. Pistachio and highest shoot buds per clump (26.29) in cv. Sun Glow. After seventh subculture, the callus was incubated in dark for 45 days to shoot bud elongation. Highest no. of shoot buds elongation was observed in cv. Sun Glow and highest height of shoot was cv. Chaco (65.71 ±6.05). Then, shoots were separated, inoculated shoot multiplication/elongation medium and incubated in light. callus was insub cultured in callus multiplication medium and incubated in Remaining dark. This continued for 5-6 subculture callus, callus and shoot multiplication ratio was 2.43-2.60 and 1.55-2.56 in each cycle with highest callus multiplication ratio in cv. Chaco and shoot multiplication ratio in Sun Glow. 13-24 shoots elongated from a bottle with highest shoot height was observed in cv. Sun Glow and Shoots attained 5.1-6.4 cm and highest shoot height was observed in cv. Chaco. 100 shoots were rooted on rooting medium. Rooted shoots harden and transferred to beds for hardening. Then plants were transferred to poly covers or pot with potting mixture, they appeared normal and flowered plants were survived (73.5%- 93.6%) depends on cultivation. 139


C-24 Purity Test of Three F1 Hybrids in Rice through Microsatellite Markers Pritam Das1*, Biswarup Mukherjee2, Chand Kumar Santra3, Sankar Mukhopadhyay4 and Tapash Dasgupta5 1,2,5Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 51/2, Hazra Road, Kolkata 700019, 3,4Rice Research Station, Govt. of West Bengal, Chinsura, Hooghly- 712102, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Hybrid rice, Seed purity, Microsatellite markers

ABSTRACT

Success and sustainability hybrid were rice technology solelythree depends on the purity of F1 hybrid seeds. Microsatelliteofmarkers used to analyze hybrids in rice viz., KRH-2, CNRH103, CNRH-105* (*Under AICRP-IHR-2012) and their corresponding parental lines were selected to analyze in 25 microsatellite SSR markers. Out of 25 primers, 18 primers amplified in all the samples. Among 18 successful primers having amplified products, 5 primers namely RM 164, RM 206, RM 258, RM 276 and RM 12921 reproduced double bands in FI’s also. This experiment had suggested that primers RM 164, RM 206 and RM 12921 can safely be used in DNA finger printing of the hybrid KRH2, RM 276 for CNRH 103 and RM 258 for CNRH 105 respectively. C-25 The Effect of Allelochemicals Released by Kalmegh (Andrographis Paniculata L.) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Food Legumes R. Chowdhury*, S. Bhattacharya and A. K. Mandal Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Kalmegh, Allelochemicals, Food Legumes, Germinability.

ABSTRACT

The extraction of leaf, stern and root of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata L.) at different concentration showed significant reduction on seed germination and seedling 140


vigour in four different food legumes such as black gram, green gram, bengal gram and soybean. The allelochernicals in leaf, stem and root decrease the rate of germination and seedling growth with the increase in concentration (maximum at 50%), probably due to the presence of andrographolide. Leaf extract showed significant reduction in germination percentage, root and shoot len 7th in all the crops due to highest amount of andrographolide. Stern extract has also showed significant reduction on germinability in soybean and bengal gram, where as root extraction showed a marginal inhibitory effect in all the four legumes. The maximum inhibition on germination percentage and seedling length was noticed at 50% concentration of leaf extract of Kalmegh. The present study revealed that allelochemicals (andrographolide) present in the different parts of Kalmegh inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of four different food legumes. C-26 Iron Deficiency Tolerance is Causally Related to the Phytosiderophore Release Capacity of Root in Wheat Rinki Khobra*, Sumedha Ahujaand Bhupinder Singh Nuclear Research Laboratory, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Phytosiderophore, Chelate, Retention Index

ABSTRACT

Soil micronutrient deficiency is a serious production constraint. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency in cultivable lands are rampant (in excess of 50% in India) and their impact on human nutrition adverse. It is important to know that soil deficiency of most of these micronutrients is not in terms of the content but in their availability for plant uptake. Plants are not a completely passive player. Cereals have the ability to release metal chelating non-proteinaceous amino acids–phytosiderophores- that can alter the solubility, availability and uptake of metals. An experiment was conducted to ascertain the role of phytosiderophore in iron deficiency tolerance of wheat. Iron deficiency tolerance was determined from the shoot biomass production and greenness retention index of Fe deficient in comparison to Fe sufficient plants. In the present study fifty genetically diverse 141


wheat lines were raised on Fe deficient (1mM) and Fe sufficient (100mM) nutrient solution culture. Observations were recorded for the greenness retention, shoot and root mass and root release of phytosiderophore at the 11 and 21 day stage. Genotypes that were able to maintain a high mean greenness index (SPAD value) showed a higher Fe uptake, its shoot partitioning and the phytosiderophores release under Fe deficiency. It is concluded that the release of phytosiderophore causally determines the Fe deficiency response of wheat. C-27 Studies on the Effects of Heavy Metal Pollutants-Nickel & Cadmium; Growth Substance-GA3 and Their Interaction on the Germination Responses of the Seeds of Corchorus and Gossypi um Samir Chatterjee and Amrita Chatterjee Institute of Sc. Edn., Burdwan University, W.B. Keywords : Heavy metal, Nickel, Cadmium.

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation effects of heavy metal pollutants - Cadmium and Nickel and the Growth substance GA3 on the germination response of the seeds of Corchorus and Gossypium have been made. Both Cadmium and Nickel produced inhibition on germination of the seeds of Corchorus and Gossypium and it was more pronounced with 3 induced higher rate higher concentration. was more marked and withmore Cadmium. GAin of germination of bothInhibition species seed over control effective lower concentration. Effects of the interaction with GA3 on decreasing the germination inhibitory effect of heavy metals Cadmium and Nickel were observed and this tendency was found to be more significant on the seeds pre-treated with lower conc. of cadmium & Nickel and also on the Cadmium pre-treated seed as compared to Nickel penetrated seeds, seeds of Gossypium were found to be more responsive towards GA 3 treatments, as compared to the seeds of Corchous.

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C-28 Direct Somatic Embryogenesis from Cotyledon Explant Jatropha in curcas(Linn.) Sanjay Biradar, Vishwanath Waghmare and *Narayan Pandhure Chhatrapati Shivaji College, Omerga, Dist. Osmanabad.-413606, (M.S.), India; *Department of Botany, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431001. (M.S.). India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Jatropha curcas. L, Somatic embryo, Cotyledon explants.

ABSTRACT

Present research works were initiated induction of embryogenic callus from cotyledon explants on important biodiesel and medicinal plant Jatropha curcas . These explant inoculated on MS medium with supplemented various concentration of growth hormone like, BAP, IAA, GA 3 with addition of proline and PEG. MS media containing 2, 4- D in combination of BAP were able to initiation of callus. MS medium containing BAP at various concentrations viz. 0.2, 04, 0.6, 0.8 mg/l with combination different concentrations of GA3 like 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/l, IAA 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/l and proline observations were also recorded. Induced callus from cotyledon explants were using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with supplemented 0.5 mg/l BAP, 0.6 mg/1 gibberellic acid (GA 3), and proline was able to produce direct somatic embryogenic callus. This method regeneration of plant was more effective as compare to other methods because regeneration percentage 70% - 80% respectively. The percentage of embryo maturation was observed after three weeks and the matured somatic embryos were subcultured on hormone free MS medium for plant regeneration. C-29 Studies on in-vitro Morphogenetic Response in Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Genotypes Sarkar, A. Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Dt. Coochbehar, West Bengal - 736 165. Email. : [email protected] Keywords : Cowpea, Callus, Epicotyl, Leaf disk

143


ABSTRACT

The indirect organogenesis was studied in six genotypes of cowpea using three explants in an experiment with two media for callus development and two other for regeneration from calli. Morphogenetic response was judged for each explant as the frequency of callus producing explants and subsequently as the frequency of callus culture showing rhizogenesis and caulogenesis or remaining as unhealthy or healthy callus. For epicotyl explant, the medium supplemented with 4mg/l had the minimum growth of callus with the genotypes EC 309500 and EC 390219 and for hypocotyl segment the maximum callusing was noticed in the genotype EC 390264 in all the media investigated. As far as the plantlet recovery was concerned, in the medium containing 3mg/l BAP in MS basal composition, the maximum recovery was noticed in genotypes IC 249585 and EC 390264 for epicotyl and hypocotyls derived calli masses respectively. For leaf disk some responses was recorded in the second medium but no such plantlet recovery had been noticed in other medium. In all the responses were found to be genotype specific as was observed in other legume species. C-30 Molecular Profiling of Maize Inbreds Using Microsatellite Markers Sayan Roy Choudhury*, Rajesh Singh and Padmanabh Dwivedi Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Keywords : Inbred, Maize, Microsatellite, Molecular profile.

ABSTRACT

In this study a set of eight maize inbred lines were selected so as to analyze the molecular diversity among them using SSR markers. Six out of ten SSR markers employed revealed polymorphism among the genotypes. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.34 to 0.75. The lowest PIC (0.34) was shown by the primer pair bnlg1832 while highest PIC (0.75) was shown by the primer pair bnlg1019. The eight cultivars of maize formed two major clusters in the dendrogram prepared using the dataset generated by SSR profiles which can be selected for future plant breeding program. 144


C-31 Characterization of Edible Bamboo Species: Potential and Prospects for Utilization as Food Processing In North-Eastern India Sayanika Devi Waikhom* andTalukdar Narayan Chandra Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources Division, Imphal, Manipur, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : AFLP, antioxidant property, bamboo, cyanide content, nutrient content

ABSTRACT

Bamboo shoots are popular local food delicacies in North-east India for its unique taste and rich nutritive content. The North-east India has a rich diversity of bamboo genetic resources, however, characterization of this vast gene pool are unsystematic and scanty. Genetic characterization and evaluation of biochemical traits of these genetic resources has become necessary for its sustainable use and bamboo shoots based industries. Besides its rich nutritive properties, bamboo shoots also contain cyanogenic glycoside which is a hindrance for bamboo shoots fermentation. Twelve edible bamboo species from two districts of Manipur have been identified based on morphological vegetative characters. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints were developed for the 12 bamboo species. AFLP fingerprints separated into two clusters consisting of the five Bambusa species and the four Dendrocalamus species based on Jaccard’s coefficient. Total cyanide content, antioxidant activity and nutrient analysis of 12 edible bamboo species were evaluated in this investigation. C-32 Identification, Classification and Expression Analysis of Wheat ClpB/ HSP100 , ClpC and ClpD Genes Senthilkumar K. Muthusamy1, Viswanathan Chinnusamy2 and Kailash C. Bansal3* Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, 2Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, India, 3NBPGR, New Delhi. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1National

Keywords : Clp ATPases, ClpB/HSP 100, ClpC, ClpD, Wheat abiotic stress, Cell membrane

stability 145


ABSTRACT

High temperature stress drastically affects the wheat production. It is necessary to identify high temperature stress responsive genes to develop thermotolerant wheat genotypes. Caseinolytic protease (Clp) was first identified in E. coli as a heat shock inducible, ATP-dependent protease complex able to hydrolyze casein. The role of these proteases family under high temperature stress was well studied in rice and Arabidopsis. These proteases are highly conserved among plants and function as molecular chaperones by minimizing the protein aggregation. In addition, these also target the damaged proteins for degradation. Through these processes it maintains the quality of cellular proteins during high temperature stress conditions. To understand the role of Clp genes in high temperature stress tolerance in wheat, we carried out homology search of Clp family genes in wheat EST and cDNA databases. The structural and evolutionary relationships of the wheat Clp genes with that of other plants such as Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, rice, maize, sorghum and Setaria were also studied. The expression pattern of Clp family genes was examined under heat, cold, salt and oxidative stress conditions in wheat by qRT-PCR. The results showed a complex regulation pattern and identified heat stressinduced Clp genes in wheat. Progress on the systematic functional analysis of the Clp gene family in wheat will be presented. C-33 Seed Storage Protein Polymorphism in Elite Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes of India Shafina Haque*, Deepak Nayak, Saumya Barik, K. Pande, S. K. Dash, S. K. Pradhan and O. N. Singh Crop Improvement Division, CRRI, Cuttack-753006, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Seed storage proteins, Polymorphism, Oryza sativa, SDS-PAGE

ABSTRACT

Seed protein profiling polymorphism and genetic variations among 41 elite investigation revealed that

is the most promising tool in determining the molecular homology. This study was aimed at exploiting the genetic basmati rice genotypes through SDS-PAGE. The present the basmati genotypes showed highly polymorphism with 146


respect to the total seed protein bands, intensity and thickness of protein bands and relative mobility (Rf). The genotype IR58025A with IR 58025B and Taraori basmati with HKR 98-476, 3A with pusa3B showed complete homology of 100% whereas genotype UPRI 93-63-2 did not show any homology with UPR 2268-4-1 (0% homology). C-34 Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Agronomically Important Traits in Rice Shanmugavadivel, P. S1*, Amitha Mithra2, Prasad Dokku3, N. K. Singh 4 and T. Mohapatra5 1Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-12, 2,3,4NRC on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi-12, 5 Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : QTLs, Rice, Plant Height, No. of Productive tillers, Panicle Length, Markers

Abstract

Increasing productivity of rice has been a major concern since long in order to achieve food security. Yield depends upon no. of productive tillers/plants, panicle length, no. of spikelet/panicle, grain size and grain weight, each controlled by multigene and environment. QTLs for these traits were mapped using F7 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross between Basmati 370 (traditional) and IRBB60 (non-aromatic indica). A total of 113 polymorphic SSR markers were used to genotype 276 RILs. A total of eight QTLs for plant height were mapped on 6 different chromosomes namely 1, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 11, each contributing to phenotypic variation in the range of 4.6% to 42.68%. The major QTL for plant height on chromosome 1 between marker intervals, RGNMS200-Hv1c88 corresponds to the already cloned gene Sd1, the green revolution gene responsible for plant height. Three QTLs for no. of productive tillers per plant were identified on chromosome 1, 2 and 3 explaining phenotypic variation ranging from 5.9 to 8.2%. For panicle length, two QTLs on chromosome 1 and 6 explaining 18.4% and 15% of phenotypic variation, respectively, were identified. Two novel QTLs were identified, one each for panicle length on chromosome 6 between markers RM204-Hv6c22 and plant height on chromosome 5 between markers Hv5c26-Hv5c28.

147


C-35 Biochemical Marker for Screening Thermo-tolerance in Green gram (Vigna r adiat a L.) Shweta Gupta*, Priyanka Porwal, Mudit Srivastava, Shivangi Singh, Rinki Devi and Sanjeev Gupta Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR), Kanpur-208024 (UP), *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Genetic diversity, SDS PAGE, Thermo-tolerance

ABSTRACT

A large genetic diversity has been observed in green gram in respect to seed size, seed coat colour, number of clusters, and pod length etc. The major regulatory enzyme for grain development, Sucrose synthase in green gram was found to be stable even at high temperature 45°C. However, transport of photosynthates from leaves to developing seeds is adversely affected at temperature above 40°C. Therefore, thermotolerance in leaves of green gram is required to be improved genetically. Studies on photosynthetic activity of stressed leaves through fluorescence imaging provided important information of thermotolerance. Preliminary investigation showed that germinating seeds of green gram at high temperature (45°C) in heat tolerant variety Samrat (PDM 139) expressed few additional protein bands in SDS-PAGE which was missing at temperature 25°C. The protein profiling studies suggested possible expression of Heat Shock Proteins (HSP’s) which needs further investigation. C-36 Expression Profiling of Rice Annexin Gene Family during Drought Stress in Various Developmental Stages Sikha Deka and Sharmistha Barthakur* National Research Center on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110 012, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Rice, Annexin, Drought, Expression profiling

148


ABSTRACT

Drought is the most important constraint to rice production. So, there is an urgent need for developing stress tolerant varieties to maintain and enhance rice productivity. Annexins are multigene, multifunctional family of proteins, implicated in various physiological and cellular processes in growth and development of plants. The present study was undertaken to analyze transcript expression profiling of 5 indica rice annexin genes from drought tolerant (N-22) and sensitive (PB1) cultivars in 6 developmental stages under normal and drought stress by RT-PCR. Differential expression patterns in different critical stages of both cultivars implicate a role of annexins under drought stress, which can be further used in screening of the drought tolerance line and use in molecular breeding. C-37 Extraction of Phenolic Components from Cinnamon SpeciesOptimization Studies Sree Satya Nandam and Meena Vangalapati* Department of Chemical Engineering, AUCE (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]. Keywords : Cinnamon, Cinnamaldehyde, Total Phenolic Content, Eugenol, Optimization.

ABSTRACT

Cinnamon is one of the oldest spices and it contains cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamic acid and other compounds. In this study the extraction of phenolic compounds like cinnamaldehyde and eugenol were carried out. Optimization of physico-chemical parameters like effects of different solvents, soaking time, extraction time with hexane, particle size, different solvent percentages, different volumes of hexane with methanol and ethanol as solvents and pH for the extraction of cinnamaldehyde, total phenolic content and eugenol were studied. For the extraction of Cinnamaldehyde, the optimum results were 3 d, 2 h, 125 microns, 50% (v/v), 1 : 1 ratio and pH 5 respectively. The highest Cinnamaldehyde concentration for optimized conditions was 44.6mg/L and for total phenolic content it was 13.5mg/L. The highest eugenol concentration for optimized conditions was 14.6 mg/L. 149


C-38 Effective Techniques for Explant Sterilization to Reduce Contamination in Gerbera (Ger ber a jamesoni i Bolus ex Hooker f.) Subhendu S. Gantait* and Koushik Dutta Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidhyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736165, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Gerbera, Hairy growth, Contamination, Sterilization, In-vitro

ABSTRACT

The use of greenhouse grown gerbera explants for the production of contamination free in vitro plantlets is a major challenge due to presence of surface hairy growth at the emerging stage of flower bud and leaf. In the present experiment different sterilizing agents with different concentration and time were used to treat the excised flower bud and emerging leaf of gerbera. About 66% of flower buds explants remained free of contamination and of which 30% retained callus while the survival percentage was 50% in case of leaf explants showing no sign of callus after 28 days of inoculation when cultured in MS media, each with different hormonal combination. Therefore, in the present work different sterilization treatment and explants excised techniques were tried to increase in the percentage of successfully established proliferating cultures. C-39 Identification of DNA Based Molecular Markers for Apomixis in Cenchrus cili aris Suresh Kumar*, M. G. Gupta, K. K.Dwivedi, A. Radhakrishna and P. Kaushal Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi-284003, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Apomixis, Cenchrus ciliaris, Molecular marker, AFLP marker, SCAR marker, Forage

grass ABSTRACT Cenchrus ciliaris is an important forage grass. Being apomictic in mode of

reproduction it is utilized to understand molecular biology of apomixis for its utilization in fixing or hybrid- vigour in crop plants. We have identified an obligate sexual C. ciliaris 150


plant and have developed F2 mapping population segregating for the mode of reproduction between apomictic and sexual plants. DNA- based molecular markers (AFLPs and SCARs) linked to apomixis in C. ciliaris were developed using F2 mapping population. The potential of these markers in screening for mode of reproduction, mapping gene(s) for apomixes is discussed. C-40 Molecular RAPD Analysis of Palas ( Bu tea mon osper ma) Variants Thamilarasi, K., Rinka Gin I and Vaibhav D Lohot Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Butea monosperma, Palas, Swadi palas, Kerria lacca, RAPD, SCAR

ABSTRACT Butea monosperma (vern. Palas), a native tree of tropical and subtropical parts of Southeast Asia is one of the important host trees for lac insect, Kerria lacca. K. lacca

is an economically important insect producing resin. Six flower colour variants namely, scarlet, yellow, golden yellow, chrome yellow, white and mustard colour and a morphological variant namely swadi palas were collected from difference part of Jharkhand. RAPD was carried out in all these palas variants. Out of 20 RAPD primers used for studying genetic divergence, 14 were polymorphic. The clustering analysis using Jaccard’s coefficient showed that swadi palas forming an out group against flower colour variants. Swadi palas specific bands were obtained from two RAPD markers which will be ultimately used for developing SCAR markers for swadi palas.

C-41 Amelioration of Water Stress in Chickpea ( Cicer ari etin um L.) by Bioregulators Vineeth, T. V. and Pramod Kumar Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Drought, Chickpea, Bioregulators, Tolerance

151


ABSTRACT

Drought is a major constraint for chickpea production in India. Present study was conducted using desi (Pusa 362) and kabuli (Pusa 1108) varieties. Prior to drought treatment, plants were sprayed with bioregulators (thiourea 1000 ppm, benzyladenine 40 ppm and thidiazuron 10 ppm). Bioregulators, maintained higher values of relative water content, membrane stability index, pigments, photosynthetic parameters, proline, sugars, antioxidants, proteins, abscissic acid and yield parameters under water stress. Treated plants maintained the integrity of leaf anatomy, chloroplast ultra structure, expression of rubisco, glycolate oxidase and glycine decarboxylase and showed faster recovery. The study concluded the beneficial role of bioregulators in drought tolerance. C-42 Rice Blast Resistance Gene: An Evolutionary Outlook Shallu Thakur and T. R. Sharma* National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Rice blast, Magnaporthe oryzae, Resistance genes, Phylogenetic analysis

ABSTRACT Rice blast caused by the fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the important

diseases affecting rice production throughout the world which can be managed by resistant varieties. Here, we report variants of three important blast disease resistance genes, Pi-ta, Piz-t and Pi54, from forty rice land races, collected from different parts of India. Comparative analysis among alleles of three resistance genes indicate conserved to intermediate diversification with varying selection pressures acting on NBS-LRR domains of these loci. Phylogenetic analysis of the alleles resulted in mixed and monolithic clustering pattern, indicating the possibility of hitchhiking during evolution. Detailed analysis of these three resistance loci provided better insight into evolutionary perspectives and help selection of better alleles for future breeding programmes.

152


C-43 Banana Fruit Respiratory Particles Prikhshayat Singh Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Musa cavendishii Lamb ex. Paxton, ADP/O, Cytochrome c oxidase, Mitochondria,

Peel and pulp, Phosphorylative oxidation, RC. ABSTRACT

Mitochondria were isolated from banana fruit, peel and pulp (Musa cavendishii) prior to climacteric. Employing cytochrome c oxidase as a handy criterion to evaluate mitochondrial preparation, a mannitol grinding medium was selected at a slightly alkaline pH and supplemented with EDTA, metabisulfite, BSA and soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Peel required double (2%) the amount of PVP as compared with pulp (1%) in the grinding medium. The rate of oxidation of citric acid cycle intermediates namely, malate, succinate and NADH were comparable with similar preparations available in the literature. The oxidation was accompanied by efficient coupling with phosphorylation. The amount of protein recovered in the mitochondrial fraction from peel was comparable with the reported recoveries from a number of plant tissues, though the protein recovered in pulp mitochondrial fraction was 5.7-fold lower as compared to that in peel. The biochemical integrity of mitochondria, purified by Percoll Step gradient centrifugation from banana fruit, peel and pulp appeared possible from : (a) the absence of respiratory response to added cytochrome c during the oxidation of citric acid cycle acids, (b) tremendous stimulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity in the presence of digitonin, and (c) the ability to satisfactorily couple phosphorylation to the oxidation of citric acid cycle acids. Purification with Percoll gradient increased state 3 and state 4 respirations with malate, succinate and NADH whereas RC and ADP/O values remained near about same as for those particles isolated by differential centrifugation.

153


C-44 Evaluation of Effect of Storage on in-vitro Anti oxidative Capacities of Honeys Collected from Sundarban Angira Das and Pubali Dhar University of Calcutta, 20 B, Judges Court Road, Kolkata-700027, India. Keywords : Sundarban honey, Melanoidin, Antioxidant activity, DPPH and FRAP.

ABSTRACT

Sundarbans are the world’s largest mangrove biomes exhibiting its highest biodiversity. Three types of unifloral Sundarban honeys, Khalshi (Aegiceras corniculatum), Baen (Avicennia officinalis) and Goran (Ceriops decandra) were supplied by West Bengal Forest Department. In vitro anti-oxidative activities were evaluated before and after storage. Prolonged storage of raw unheated honeys were seen to possess several characteristic features of melanoidin - a strong radical scavenging activity (measured by DPPH and FRAP value), absorbance of A450 nm (degree of browning) and a strong absorbance of UV light. There has been a statistically significant increase in its polyphenol and flavonoid content after storage. D. Economic and Systematic botany D-1 Medico-ethnobotany of Some Self-grown Plants in Kalyanpur Block of Kanpur District, India

1Shri

Nikhil Agnihotri1 and Santosh Bhatnagar2* Deendayal Kushwaha Mahavidyalaya, Sambhalpur, Kanpur, 2 Acharya Narendra Dev Nagar Nigam Mahila Mahavidyalaya Kanpur, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Medicinal, Ethnomedicinal, Folk Medicine, Ethnobotany

ABSTRACT

Plants have been playing a key role in health care needs of human beings against diseases. A number of medicinal plants occur which is having rich medicinal properties. 154


Present study based on the role of naturally available medicinal plants in primary health conservation as house hold or folk remedies in Kalyanpur Block of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. In this study 33 plants are identified and analyzed with their local names, botanical names, habit, habitats, medicinal utilities and method of utilization against diseases. Most of the plants are easily available throughout the year and effective in more than one disease. By conserving these valuable plants we can make treatment cheaper, non-reactive safer and easily accessible to everyone. E. Plant Protection (Agricultural Entomology, Plant Pat hology and Nematology) E-1 Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Leaf Aqueous Extract of Ampelocissus latifolia

A. Chaudhuri and S. Ray* The University of Burdwan. Golapbag Burdwan-713104, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : A. latifolia, Lemno minor, Allium cepa test

ABSTRACT Ampelocissus latifolia (Family: Vitiaceae) is used in traditional practices India. In the

present study antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of LAEAL (leaf aqueous extract of A. latifolia) was evaluated. In vitro antioxidant assay using DPPH revealed distinct antioxidant activity of LAEAL and its significant anti-proliferative activity was observed in onion root tip cells. Data indicated dose dependent root growth retardation and mitodepression in root apical meristem cells. Moreover, fluorescence microscopic study with Lemna minor frond cells indicates significant cytotoxic effects. In summary, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of LAEAL may be due to the presence of bioactive components like flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates and alkaloids.

155


E-2 Isolation and Antinemic Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites of F usari um oxysporum F. sp. ciceri Aditi Kundu and Supradip Saha Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Fusarium oxysporum sp. ciceri, Secondary metabolites, Antinemic activity, Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis

ABSTRACT

Culture filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri was extracted sequentially with EtOAc and n-BuOH. Chromatographic separation of EtOAc concentrate has afforded five compounds, fumoniscin B1, bikaverin, 5-O-methyl javaniscin , anhydrofusarubin and methyl fusarubin . Structures of these compounds were elucidated by detailed NMR and LC-ESI-MS spectra. Antinemic activity of the concentrates was evaluated against rootknot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and Rot ylenchulus reni formis . EtOAc concentrate was found to be strongly active against M. incognita (LC50 56.2 ìgmL-1) followed by n-BuOH concentrate (LC50 97.4 ìgmL-1). However, these concentrates were moderately effective on R. reniformis (LC50 134.5-189.2 ìgmL-1). E-3 An Approach to Integrated Management of F usari um solani , a Stem Canker Pathogen of Poplars Aruku Dazo Vadeo1, Kartik Uniyal2, Archana Bagwari3, Kavita4, Y. P. Singh5*, R. C. Dhiman6 and J. N. Gandhi7 1 Baba Farid Institute of Technology, Science and Research (B.F.IT.S. & R.), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 2,3,4,5, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248 006, Uttarakhand, India, 6,7WIMCO Seedlings Limited, Kashipur Road, Rudrapur 263 153, Uttarakhand, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Agroforestry, Antagonist, Diseases, Fungicide.

156


ABSTRACT

Poplars are widely planted tree in North West India. Their wood is in demand for paper and pulp, ply and match and contribute $ 5000M to national exchequer. Poplars in monocultures are prone to epidemics of pests. Isolates of Fusarium solani were collected from Wimco-81 and –83 clones of P. deltoides. Their fungicidal and biogenic sensitivity was quantified to find out effective Integrated Pest Management measures. Propiconazole was effective in inhibiting fungal growth at lower concentration of 200 ppm. Trichoderma harzianum could suppress isolates from 9.5 to 29.6% only. It calls for search of other means like healthy, resistant cuttings. E-4 Management of Helminthosporiosis of Wheat through Plant Extracts-A Novel Approach Arvind Kumar1*, Rita Kumari2 and Swati3 Plant pathology, Agricultural Research Institute, Lohiya Nagar, Bye pass Road, Patna-800020, 2 A. N. College, Patna, 3T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Wheat Helminthosporiosis, Management, Plant extracts

ABSTRACT

In this study plant extracts of four plants, namely; Lawsonia inermis L.(Henna), Azadirachta indica L.(Neem), Lantana camara L.(Lantana), Tagetes erecta L.(Marigold) were evaluated for managing the Helminthosporiosis of wheat, caused by Helminthosporium sativum and Helminthosporium tritici-repentis. The result revealed that satisfactory management of the disease may be obtained by spraying of the leaves extract of the plant Lawsonia inermis L.(10% concentration).The product obtained is not having any harmful effect on ecological system, human health and it has not showed any phytotoxic effect to the wheat plant. 157


E-5 Detection of Ralstoni a solan acearu m and X anth omonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria in Tomato by Multiplex PCR Avinash, P* and Umesha, S. University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570006, Karnataka, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Multiplex PCR, Phytopathogenic bacteria, Ralstonia solanacearum. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria

ABSTRACT

A reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool for testing seed health is essential, therefore a multiplex PCR procedure was developed for simultaneous, specific and rapid detection of R. solanacearum and X axonopodis pv. vesicatoria from different sources by available primers (i) RS-F-759 and RS-R-760 for R. solanacearum (ii) RST2 and RST3 for X axonopodis pv. vesicatoria for identification of both the pathogens, amplified only DNA belonging to these species producing fragments of expected size 281bp and 840bp, respectively. Among 20 isolates of pathogens, used 17 isolates of R. solanacearum and 15 isolates of X axonopodis pv. vesicatoria showed multiple amplification in a single PCR reaction. This multiplex PCR technique is rapid, less laborious, easy and sensitive method to early detection. E-6 Effect of Weather Parameters on Population Dynamics of Gram Pod Borer (H eli cover pa armi ger a) in Gram in North West Plain Zone of Rajasthan B. S. Meena*and K. N. Bhatia Agricultural Research Station, S. K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Sriganganagar335001, *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Chickpea, Gram pod borer, Weather parameters.

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to find out the Helicoverpa armigera (gram pod borer) occurrence in Chickpea and its association with different weather parameters. The 158


observations were taken under Agromet Advisory Services in coordination with AICRP on Chickpea at ARS, Sriganganagar (Rajasthan) during 2005-06 to 2009-10. Field trials were conducted on gram crop and monitoring of Helicoverpa population was done through pheromone traps. It was found that the most active period of Helicoverpa was 13th and 14th Standard Meteorological Weeks in all the five years. The incidence of Helicoverpa in traps was started from first week of February in all the five years covered under the study. The Helicoverpa population was correlated with selected weather parameters prevailed during the study period. The population of Helicoverpa showed significant positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperatures and negative correlation with relative humidity (morning and evening). The association with rainfall was positive but non-significant. E-7 Survey and Surveillance of Rodent Pest Species in Godavari Delta Region of Andhra Pradesh Ch. V. Narasimha Rao*, D.Sudha Rani, M. Bharatha Lakshmi and Y. Suryanarayana Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru-534122, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh (ANGRAU, Hyderabad), *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Survey, Surveillance, Rodents, Fumigator

ABSTRACT

A regular survey and surveillance of rodents relating to their species composition, damage potential, breeding biology and their population growth estimates was made during Kharif and Rabi 2011-12, to analyze the rodent situation, forewarn farmers and to suggest timely management operations to farmers. The study revealed that, the lesser bandicoot, Bandicota bengalensis was the predominant species available in this region followed by Mus booduga . The rodent infestation was more during the panicle initiation stage of paddy crop, which was coinciding with breeding stage of the rodents. Hence, the appropriate and critical stage for rodent management with rodenticides as mass campaign was found to be Panicle Initiation stage of the paddy crop. Based on the surveys, farmers were suggested integrated rodent management practices like trimming of bunds, reducing bund number and size, setting up of basket traps, Sherman traps and wonder traps to 159


prevent migratory population, burrow fumigation by using the device ‘burrow fumigator’ and placement of bromadiolone bait poison in rat burrows. The adoption of integrated rodent management practices on community basis gave 75-80% control success. E-8 Role of Phenolic Compounds in Plant Defence Mechanism for Chilli Leaf Curl Complex 1, Pinaki Acharyya2*, Uttam Saha and Pranab Hazra 3 Chandan Kumar Mondal of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata–700019, 3Faculty of Horticulture, BCKVV, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1,2Institute

Keywords : Chilli, Leaf curl complex, Phenols, Isozyme

ABSTRACT

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the important vegetable and spice crop in India. The major problem in chilli cultivation is the chilli leaf curl complex, usually caused by thrips, yellow mite and virus. External application of pesticides does not always provide good control of these causal factors of leaf curl disease. Developing elite genotype(s) having inherent defence mechanism may be more practicable in protecting the interest of chilli growing farmers. In the present experiment, thirty seven diverse chilli genotypes were screened against leaf curl complex and the bio-chemical factors linked to disease reaction, was studied. It emerged that higher the leaf phenol content, peroxidase activity & poly-phenol oxidase activity, lower was the leaf curl disease incidence. E-9 Biochemic al Variation i n the Termite Odontot ermes feae infected with Entomopathogenic Nematode, the Heterorhabditis sp. D. Kanimozhi1, K. Sujatha2, P. Dhevagi3, S. D. Chandra Sekar4 of Zoology, Coimbatore-8, Tamil Nadu, 3Dept. of Environment Science, TNAU, Coimbatore -3, Tamil Nadu, 4 Sugarcane Breeding Institute (ICAR), Coimbatore-7, Tamil Nadu.

1,2Dept.

Keywords : Galleria mellonella, Heterorhabditis, Odontotermes feae, Entomopathogenic.

160


ABSTRACT

The soil sample was collected from kangayam had Heterorhabditis sp. of Photorhabdus Entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), which harboured the symbiotic bacteria sp. This species of Heterorhabditis was used to control the termite Odontotermes feae. Under lab condition the entomopathogenic nematode infected termite was taken to quantify the protein, carbohydrate and lipid content. The entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. infected termite had low protein, carbohydrates and lipid content when compared to non-infected termite. The lipid content was higher than carbohydrates and protein. The carbohydrates content was higher than protein. The change in the biochemical content may be due to metabolic depletion by the parasite could have caused physiological imbalance in the host. E-10 Characterization of Antimicrobial Compounds and Sequencing of Mangrove Endophytic Fungus, F usarium monili forme Elavarasi. A*, G. Sathiya Rathna and M. Kalaiselvam Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai-608 502, Tamilnadu, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keyword : Mangrove, Endophytic fungi, F. moniliforme, Antimicrobial compounds.

ABSTRACT

Endophytic fungi were isolated from mangrove leaves of Rhizophora annamalayana collected from Vellar estuary southeast coast of India. Isolated colonies were identified and screened for antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi using disc diffusion method. The ethyl acetate crude extracts of fungal strains exhibited strong and moderate activity against tested pathogens. Results of screening assay showed maximum zone of inhibition by Fusarium sp., followed by Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp., Nigrospora sp., Rhizopus sp. Crude extract of Fusarium sp . isolated from R. annamalayana showed highest zone of inhibition against Gram –ve bacteria and dermatophytic fungus E. floccosum. In addition, crude extract was subjected to GC-MS 161


analysis and two major volatile compounds were identified such as Eicosene (E) and 1Dodecanol, 2-methyl, from the peak value of mass spectrum. The rDNA sequence of 18S ribosomal RNA gene of Fusarium sp. was amplified and the PCR product was bidirectionally sequenced using forward (ITS4) and reverse (ITS5) primers. The sequenced data was assembled and submitted to the NCBI Genbank (Accession number: JN681281). Based on BLAST search of ribosomal RNA gene sequence, the fungus was found to be closest homolog to Fusarium moniliforme. E-11 Comparative Response of Rice Varieties to Bio Intensive Pest Management (BIPM) Practices against Stem Borer, Scir pophaga i ncer tul as (Walker) G. Anitha1* and K. Parimala2 All India Coordinated Research Project on Biological Control, ARI Campus, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Seed Research and Technology Centre, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Bio-intensive pest management (BIPM) is an important management practices of stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas in rice. Results of a two-year field study carried out in kharif seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 in the research farms of Seed Research and Technology Centre, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh to know the impact of BIPM practices on stem borer infestation on four varieties viz., MTU 1010, MTU 1001, MTU 7029 and BPT 3291 in comparison with farmers’ practices (FP) revealed that BIPM package recorded significantly lesser dead hearts at 30 and 50 days after transplantation and white ears at pre- harvest in all the four varieties compared to FP practices were adopted. Yield was significantly higher in BIPM plots compared to FP plots. Study on the egg masses revealed that BIPM plots harboured higher per cent of completely parasitized egg masses compared to FP plots and the predominant egg parasitoids were Tetrastichus, Telenomus and Trichogramma.

162


E-12 Male Genitalia in Indian Pyrgomorphidae Hirdesh Kumar*, M. K. Usmani, Uzma Rafi and Reenu Kumari Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. *Corresponding Author Email: entomologist1985 @gmail.com Keywords : Pyrgomorphidae, Gaudy grasshoppers, Male genital, Phallic complex.

ABSTRACT

Pyrgomorphidae is a family of grasshoppers in the order Orthoptera and comes under the suborder-Caelifera commonly known as the gaudy grasshoppers. Male genital structures comprise phallic complex and epiphallus present at posterior segments of abdomen concealedof within supra-anal plate andaresub-genital platetheand constitute the internal structures male genitalia. Paraprocts present under epiproct in halfconcealed form. Paraproct represents the eleventh sternite. Cerci are tubular appendages arising from the membrane between the joints of epiproct and paraproct. Supra anal plate and cerci together are used to hold the female abdomen during the course of copulation. The Subgenital plate of male is nineth sternite. It is usually longer than wide. It envelops the phallic complex and generally conical in apical part. Male genitalia internally begins with an enlargement of the ejaculatory duct called the ejaculatory sac; its cavity is connected by a narrow gonopore with the spermatophore sac. The penis (aedeagus) consists of wide basal valves, lying above the spermatophore sac and connected by the flexure with the long curved apical lobes, which are normally concealed under the membranous pallium. But are extruded during copulation. Above the basal valves lies the cingulam, a strongly sclerotised structure consisting of a pair of apodemes. A pair of wide rami and the long, curved valves of the cingulam adjoining the apical lobes of the penis. The cingulam is derived from the ectophallic membrane, on which also lie the epiphallus, a strongly sclerotised and somewhat complicated structure. E-13 Persistence of Ready Mix Formulations on Chilli Irani Mukherjkee *and Aman Kumar Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 12, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Organophosphate, Synthetic pyrethroid, Resistance, Insecticide.

163


ABSTRACT

Persistence of two combination mix formulations of insecticides viz. profenofos + cypermethrin (Roket 44 EC) and chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin, (Nacrai-505) was studied in chilli fruits following spray application at recommended and double dose. Half-life values were calculated from first order dissipation kinetics, in case of Roket 44EC, residues of cypermethrin on fruits dissipated with half-life of 2.15-2.31 days, whereas profenofos with 0.91-1.86 days. Profenofos residues persisted beyond days in soil, whereas cypermethrin were below detection limit on 0-day itself. Dissipation of chlorpyrifos residues in the combination mix with cypermethrin (Nacraj-505) followed first order kinetics with the half-life values of 3.27-3.10 days. In soil, chlorpyrifos residues were below detectable limit even on 0-day at recommended dose of application. More than 90% dissipation was recorded on 7 day, although residues persisted beyond 15 days at double the recommended dose. Half life of dissipation for cypermethrin calculated from first order dissipation kinetics varied from 2.19 to 3.27 days. In soil, no residues of cypermethrin were detected even on 0-day. E-14 Screening Of Larvicidal Activities of Solanum xanthocarpum (Family : Solanaceae) Leaves Extract Against Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostell a (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) J. Subramaniam*, K. Murugan, K. Kovendan, P. Mahesh kumar Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.*Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Solanum xanthocarpum, Plutella xylostella, Antifeedant, Larvicidal activitiy, Pest

control ABSTRACT

Current control methods are frequently based on chemical insecticides or Bacillus thuringiensis, but resistance often renders these methods inadequate. Biopesticides (plant orgin) are suitable alternative for chemical insecticides. The leaf extract of Solanum xanthocarpum with different solvents-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol were tested for antifeedant and larvicidal activities of Plutella xylostella at various concentrations. The crude plant leaf extracts were evaporated to dryness in a 164


rotary vacuum evaporator. The yield of extracts was hexane (8.94 g), chloroform (11.54 g), ethyl acetate (9.74 g), acetone (10.78 g), and methanol (12.04 g). Leaves were studied using leaf disc no-choice method against fourth instar larvae of P. xylostella. Methanol and chloroform extract showed maximum anti-feedant activity of 93.4 and 90.6% at 750 ppm; the LC50 values were 407.08, 310.71, 375.28, 343.45 and 291.59 ppm; the LC90 values were 950.43, 754.33, 912.61, 819.01 and 716.19 ppm against the fourth instar larvae of P. xylostella. An extensive body of literature documents research on S. xanthocarpum is most effective for pest control and it’s environmentally safe and low cost for agricultural farmers. E-15 To Study of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on H eli coverpa armi gera (Hubner) in Chickpea Jagat Kaushik* and U. S. Gupta Faculty of Agriculture, Nehru P. G. College, Lalitpur (U.P.) *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Helicoverpa armigera , Biotic factors, Abiotic factors, Chickpea

ABTRACT

Investigation on Population Dynamics of Helicoverpaarmiga (Hubner) in Chickpea The estimated model equation (w) that maximum temperature per se played a quite vital and very significant role on larval abundance in chickpea crop, thereby computed model equation w = 10.94 + 0.475X1 with resulted coefficient of determination (R 2) 24.22 per cent , which clearly explain that maximum temperature is responsible for larval development and abundance by 24.22%. As regards minimum temperature (X 2), its variability was explained by 21.44%, the joint contribution by these two variable (X1 and X2 ) registered 45.66% in larval development of the pest. The third abiotic factors (morning Rh) (X 3) registered merely with 1.23% contribution in larval development. However, evening relative humidity (X4) reflected 5.48% and wind velocity (X 5) and evaporation rate (X 6) and rainfall (X7) registered with 0.06,0.80 and 0.18% of relative contribution on Helicoverpa armigera larval activities. 165


E-16 Visitation Time and Diverse Pollinator Assemblage of Solitary Bees in Certain Oilseed Crops K. Sreedevi* and L. Navatha S. V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati-517 502, A. P. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Carpenter bees, Megachilid, Halictid, Pollinator, Oilseed crop

ABSTRACT

A study has been conducted to know the species diversity and visitation time of solitary bees in four commonly grown oilseed crops at S. V. Agricultural College, A. N. G. R. A. U, Tirupati during 2011-12. The four oilseed cropsviz., Niger, Safflower, Mustard and Linseed were grown in Department Farm and all agronomic practices were followed and kept free of pesticidal sprays. Most of the bees visited constitute diverse assemblages of carpenter bees, halictids and megachilids. The species diversity was high in Niger crop with 10 species while it was low in Linseed (1 species). Three species viz., Ceratina sp., Halictu ssp. and Xylocopa fenestrata Fab was found in all the crop ecosystems, however, the dominant being Halictus sp. (24.70%, 15.72%, 14.60% and 7.63% in Linseed, Mustard, Safflower and Niger, respectively) among all the insect visitors. The peak visitation time of different species was between 9.00 and 11.00 hr in four oilseed crops.

E-17 Influence of:Climatic Parameters on the Incidence Grasshoppers Fauna (Acrididae Acridoidea : Orthoptera) : In WesternofUttar Pradesh of India M. H. Akhtar*, M. K. Usmani, M. R. Nayeem and M. I. Khan Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, Uttar Pradesh, India, *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Acridoidea, Grass hopper, Climatic parameters

166


ABSTRACT

Western UP comprising three distinct seasons, winter (Oct. to Feb.), summer (Mar. to mid-June), and rainy (June to Sept.). Temperature is fluctuating with extreme up to 47°C in summer and 4°C in the winter with annual mean rainfall of 650 mm. An experiment was conducted on influence of climatic parameters on grasshopper incidence. Weekly observations were taken on grass hoppers fauna during the period of Jan.2010 to Dec. 2011from different areas of Western Uttar Pradesh. Grass hoppers population was compared with climatic parameters. 42 species representing 31 genera, 19 tribes and 12 subfamilies of family Acrididae and super family Acridoidea have been recorded from the regions. Maximum number of species recorded in the month of Aug.to Oct. while lowest in Dec. to Feb. in both the years. Acrida exaltata and Spathosternum prasiniferum are recoded throughout the year even in the month of Dec. with lowest temperature 4°C and with highest temperature 47°C in the month of June. Only minimum temperature has significant correlation to the population of grasshoppers and maximum temperature, humidity and rainfall were non-significant. E-18 Influence of Environmental Factors on Viability of Sclerotia of Scler otium rolf sii in Soil M. Saraswathi* and R. JayaMadhuri Department of Applied Microbiology, Sri Padmavati Mahila University, Tirupati-517 502 A.P. India. *Corresponding Author Email: saraswathiphdomail.com

Keywords : Scleiotium rolfsii, Temperature, Groundnut, Environmental factors

ABSTRACT Sclerotium rolfsii is a devastating soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus with a wide

host range. This pathogen causes stem rot of groundnut and reported to result in over 25% loss in production. It grows, survives, and attacks plants at or near the soil line. Before the pathogen penetrates host tissue it produces mycelium on the plant surface when conditions are warm and humid. This results in tissue decay, further production of mycelium and the formation of sclerotia. The pathogen can survives in the absence of a host inform of small black sclerotia. Hence, the present study was taken to study the 167


effect of the temperature, storage periods and humidity on the survival of the sclerotia of the S. rolfsii. The sclerotia stored for 15-30 days at 30-40°C with 40-50% moisturecontent are more favorable conditions for the viability of the sclerotia compared to other factors provided. E-19 Survey for the Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Few Districts of Tamil Nadu M. Tamilselvi* and K. Sujatha, Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, Coimbatore - 641018. Tamil Nadu, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Entomopathogenic, Steinernema, Heterorhabditis, Xenorhabdus, Photorhabdus.

ABSTRACT

The soil samples from Coimbatore, Salem, Dharmapuri and Madurai districts were surveyed for the presence of Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) which are exploited as Biopesticides. Out of the 15 samples from Coimbatore district surveyed two samples were found harbouring Steinernema species and two samples were harbouring Heterorhabditis species whereas one out of each five samples from Madurai, Salem and Dharmapuri districts were found to harbour Heterorhabditis species. E-20 First Report of Acridoids as Pest of Zea il lays in Agricultural Crop and of Bihar : A Case Study Md. Rashid Nayeem, Md. Kamil Usmani and Md. Humayoon Akhtar Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh – 202002. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Acridideae, nutrient cycling, Maize

ABSTRACT

Acridoidea is one of the Super families under Sub-order Caelifera that is better termed as Short-homed grasshoppers. Locusts and grasshoppers, the most widely 168


distributed economically important pests of grassland, crop field and forests. They play vital role in nutrient cycling and serve as a critical food supply for members of higher trophic levels, but they often reach outbreak densities that result in swarms causing famine like conditions. Even in their solitary phase, these grasshoppers can negatively affect productivity by defoliation and i n florescence feeding. Located between 21°-58'-10" N27-3E-L5" N latitude and between 83°-I9'-50" E-88"-I 7'-40" E longitude, Bihar lies in eastern part of the country and is drained b) Ganga which flows eastwards and divide the state in two halves. Maize growing areas were surveyed during 2010-11 and leaf hopper affected samples were collected. Samples collected were identified as Phlacoha infitmata, Gastrimurgas africanus africanus, Locusta migratoria migratoria. Diaboloca iantopspinguis. Cyrtacanthacris tatarica tutorica. The insects were found feeding on

leaf-blades of upper half of plant, ears, tassel and follow no definitive feeding pattern, even ripening kernels of grains were consumed. They also feed on the Ireen silk that drastically affects fertilization resulting in less filling of ears. E-21 Medicinal Plant Extracts and Their Valuable Effec t on Various Parameters of Silkworm Hybrid PM X CSR2 Md. Takhlique1* and Aftab Alam2 University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India. 2G.M.R.D. College, Mohanpur, Samastipur. LNMU, Darbhanga, Bihar. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1Magadh

Keywords : Plant extracts. Parameters, Larval weight, PM x CSR2, Mortality

ABSTRACT

Bombyx mori L. is principal silk producing insect of great commercial value. Nutritive values of leaves are responsible for the development of larvae, pupa, adult and silk production. The dietary nutritional management influences directly on quality and quantity of silk production in B. mori. The strain of PM x CSR2 of Bombyx mori. L. fed with different medicinal plant extracts on first, second and third instar larvae, administration of Phyllanthus niruri on first instar larvae of PM x CSR2 hybrid resulted positive response with respect to larval weight (0.064, and 30.58g110) of fifth and eight day of first instar administered batch with reduced total larval mortality (11%). Whereas the minimum of the

169


same was encountered in control lots (0.026, 29.99g/10 and 24.60%). Adathoda vasica (0.060, 30.23 g /10 and 14.60%) and Terminalia bellinca (0.038, 30.09 g/10 and 21.80%) were found next best in the order of merit. Similar trends were observed among second and third instar administered batches. E-22 The Genus Streblocera Westwood (Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Euphorinae) from India, With Description of Nine New Species Mohammad Shamim Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002 U. P., India, Email:[email protected] Keywords : Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Streblocera, Subgenus, Eutanycerus, New Species,

India. ABSTRACT

The genus Streblocera Westwood (1833) (Braconidae : Euphorinae) is cosmopolitan in distribution, and presently contains 98 species worldwide (Yu et al., 2009). However, except for a doubtful record of S. macroscapa (Ruthe) by Haider et al. (2003) which belongs to the subgenus Eutanycerus, nothing is known so far from India of this genus. It is a diverse genus and currently divided into four subgenera, on the basis of form of the antenna. The hosts of Streblocera species are chrysomelid beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). (Shaw, 1985, 1988, 1997, Maeto & Nagai, 1985 and Chen & van Achterberg 1997) though host records are unavailable for most species. Nine new species of the subgenus Eutanycerus of the genus Streblocera Westwood are described. These are: Streblocera (Eutanycerus) achterbergi sp. nov., S.(E.) aurrayyus sp. nov., S.(E.) etawahiana sp. nov., S.(E.) hayati sp. nov., S.(E.) kanpurensis sp. nov., S.(E.) levipleuron sp. nov., S.(E.) sharifi sp. nov., S.(E.) shawi sp. nov. and S.(E.) shujauddini sp. nov. This genus was recorded from India by Haider et al. based on species identified as S. macroscapa (Ruthe). However, the available specimens in the ZDAMU do not permit a definite confirmation of the species. A key to the Indian species of Streblocera (Eutanycerus) is given. 170


E-23 Locusts and Grasshoppers (Orthoptera : Acridoidea) of North East India Mohd. Imran Khan* and Mohd. Kamil Usmani Department of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Locust, Grass hopper, Survey, Acridoidea, North-east.

ABSTRACT

The present study is based on the fresh material collected during the course of survey (2008-2009) from various regions in north-eastern states of India. In the present work, fifty three species of Acridoidea representing three families, twelve subfamilies, three tribes and thirty six genera are reported from this region. This represents the first systematic collection of Acridoidea from this area. Their habitat, economic importance, differentiating characters, distribution and host plant were studied for different species. E-24 Studies on Insecticide-Induced Resurgence of Brown Plant Hopper Ni laparvata lu gens (Stal) in Rice N. Mallikharjuna Rao, K. Vasantabhanu, D. Sudha Rani, Y Suryanarayana and M. Bharatha Lakshmi, Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute and Rars, Maruteru, A.P. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Insecticide-induced resurgence, Nilaparvata lugens, Rice.

ABSTRACT

Field Experiments were conducted at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, during Kharif 2010-Rabi 2010-11 to study the influence of certain insecticides on resurgence of brown plant hopper. Three insecticides profenophos0.1%, lambda cyhalothrin 0.01% and chlorpyriphos 0.05% were studied along with the check buprofezin against rice plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). The results indicated that buprofezin 0.04% was found to be effective against plant hoppers and does not cause the resurgence of plant hoppers. Whereas, single 171


application of chlorpyriphos and lambda cyhalothrin caused resurgence of brown plant hopper when climate is congenial for multiplication of BPH. The percent hopper burn was more in profenophos (2-3 sprays) and chlorpyriphos (1-3 sprays) and lambda cyhalothrin (1-3 sprays) sprayed compared to untreated control and buprofezin 0.04%. The mirid bug population was also more in profenophos, lambda cyhalothrin and chlorpyriphos treated plots due to density dependent factor. The grain yields were drastically declined in profenophos, lambda cyhalothrin and chlorpyriphos sprayed plots compared to untreated control and buprofezin 0.04% spray. E-25 A Study on the Effect of Spiralling Whitefly Al eur odicus dipersus Russel on Mulberry N. Vijaya Kumari*, M. Beula Priyadarshini and M. Lakshmi Devi Deptt. of Sericulture, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visva vidyalayam, Tirupati-517502. AP. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords: Aleurodicus dispersus , Spiralling whitefly, Infestation, Mulberry

ABSTRACT

Mulberry, the sole food source of Silkworm Bombyx mori is infested with a number of sap sucking as well as defoliating insects. Among the sap suckers Spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus has been identified as one of the major pests in recent years. In this study an attempt was made to identify the biology of whitefly, infestation levels of the pest on mulberry and its effect on qualitative parameters like moisture percentage, protein content, total carbohydrate and total chlorophyll content. In this preliminary investigation it was identified that the loss percentage due to white fly infestation on mulberry quality was more than 40%. Hence, this study helps in assessing the loss due to whitefly on mulberry which is the sole food plant in sericulture industry and also this study helps the need to identify the white fly as a major pest on mulberry since it is being observed every year since 2008 and also helps in formulating appropriate pest management measures. 172


E-26 Egg Cannibalism in the Phytophagous Ladybeetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabricius (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) Navodita G. Maurice*, P. W. Ramteke and P. K. Shukla Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (Deemed-To-Be-University), Naini, Allahabad-211007, India *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Epilachna vigintioctopunctata, Cannibalism, Oviposition, Adult Emergence.

ABSTRACT

Cannibalism generally considered adaptive has been reported from ten orders of insects and is dependent on a number of factors counting hunger. A study was carried out in the laboratory by taking the 28-spotted phytophagous ladybeetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata, as the model organism which is a serious pest on the night shades and cucurbits in order to trace out the incidences of cannibalism and subsequently the oviposition pattern of the beetle was also studied. The results spotlight that cannibalism is not of regular occurrence in this beetle as good proportion of eggs hatched resulting in significant adult emergence. The age of the female casts a positive effect on the oviposition as with increasing age egg laying capacity showed significant increase declining later on as age increases further. E-27 Morphometrics of Different Life Stages of Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood P. K. Behera AICRP on Seed Technology Research, O.U.A.T., Bhubaneswar -751003. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Morphometrics, Chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis

ABSTRACT

Laboratory investigation was carried out to determine the morphometrics of different life-stages of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood. Five important morphological 173


parameters, viz., body length, width of thorax, width of abdomen length of antenna and length of meta thorasic leg were determined by microscopic study. For the above mentioned features the measurement was 0.30, 0.11, 0.09, 0.11 and 0.15 mm respectively in case of just hatched first instar nymphand that of the full grown first instar nymph was 0.58, 0.19, 0.17, 0.14 and 0.20 mm respectively. Measurement to the tune of 0.42, 0.14, 0.16, 0.14 and 0.16 mm respectively was recorded in case of just moulted second instar nymph and that of full grown second instar nymph was 0.84, 0.23, 0.26, 0.20 and 0.25 mm respectively. In case of pre-pupa, the measurement of first four parameters was 0.98, 0.23, 0.26 and 0.18 mm and that of the first three parameters of pupa was 1.00, 0.24 and 0.26 mm respectively. In case of female thrips, the measurement of all five parameters was 1.00, 0.22, 0.26, 0.23 and 0.36 mm and in case of male thrips, the measurement was 0.78, 0.20, 0.16, 0.22 and 0.34 mm respectively. The ovipositor measured 0.18 mm in length and 0.09 mm in breadth. The length and breadth of egg was 0.21 and 0.09 mm respectively. The wings in females are longther (0.60 mm) than males (0.50 mm). E-28 A Semi-Synthetic Diet Based Trap to Attract and Monitor the Calliphorid pollinator, Chr ysomya megacephal a (F .) P. V. Rami Reddy*, V. Varun Rajan and Abraham Verghese Indian Institute of Horticultural Research Hessaraghatta, Lake - 560089, Bangalore, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Chrysomya megacephala, Mango, Pollinator, Forensic, Trap

ABSTRACT

The blue bottle fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fab.) (Diptera : Calliphoridae) is an important pollinator of mango and is also of forensic value. Though it is recorded as a naturally occurring pollinator, in India, there have been no studies on its multiplication and means to enhance population in the field. We devised a simple bottle trap containing a semi-synthetic medium enriched with fish proteins to attract the adults of C. megacephala. Pet bottles of 2L capacity were used with three cubes (2 x 2x 2cm) of medium placed inside. A single trap could attract 10-15 adults, comprising about 80 per cent females, in two hours. These traps can be used for multiplication as well as monitoring the population dynamics. Details of trap preparation and utility are discussed. 174


E-29 Study on Pest Complex of Brinjal ( Solan um melon gena Linn.) in Meghalaya Pukhram Bhumita1*, Kitdorlang Kharpran2, Sandip Patra3 and D. Kumar4 Nadia, W.B.-741252, 2Department of Agriculture, Meghalaya, 3,4ICAR-RC-NEH, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1 BCKV,

Keywords : Brinjal, Pest complex, Meghalaya

ABSTRACT

The experiment was conducted during pre-kharif season, 2010 at ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya to study the insect pest complex of brinjal. A local variety of brinjal was transplanted and raised with recommended management practices. The brinjal crop was found to be infested by eight insect pests belonging to five orders viz. Diptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera and one noninsect such as red spider mite. Brinjal shoot and fruit borer was the major pest in pest complex of brinjal. Spiders’ population was found to control small insect population as natural regulators. E-30 Mycotoxin Conmtamination and Induced Biochemical Changes in Edible Tree Nuts Punam Kumari Singh Regional Director, Regional Centre, Saharsa, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India, Email: [email protected] Keywords : Mycotoxins, Biochemical changes, Edible tree nuts

ABSTRACT

Natural occurrence of mycotoxins investigated in edible tree nuts namely Buchanania lanzan, Juglans regia and, Prunus armeniaca collected from Uttrakhand region under field and storage conditions. Out of 165 samples analyzed, 69 produced mycotoxins in varying concentrations. Majority of samples are infected with aflatoxin B1 & B2 in the range of 0.08-0.98 µg/g. Toxigenicity of A. flavus isolates was 25.7, 26 and 12 respectively and 175


concentration of aflatoxin in the range of 0.2 to 31µg/ml. Results indicate significant reduction in level of nutritive content like protein, starch and fat in nut samples due to fungal infection & mycotoxin contamination. E-31 Precaution in Plant Protection Strategy in Greenhouse for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) as per WHO and FAO Standard Rajesh Kumar Pandey Faculty of Agriculture, Nehru PG College, Lalitpur, UP, India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : GAP, Green house, FAO standard

ABSTRACT

Increased concerns about food borne illness from fresh produce and to reduce, there is a economic loss need to produce quality of agricultural produce. WHO and FAO standards have motivated many growers to voluntarily adopt good agricultural practices (GAPs). GAPs help reduce microbial contamination on their farms and improve food safety systems. Third-party GAP certification offers a way for growers to let buyers know that they follow appropriate food safety practices on their farms. GAP primarily involve the application of good management practices to maintain the consumer confidence in food quality and food safety To set standards for the certification of agricultural products around the globe, Euro- Retailer Produce Working Group (EUUPGAP) was initiated during 1997 and evolved into GLOBALGAP. In India, of Indian Standards (B IS) haswhich takenlater initiatives to develop its own standards to beBureau followed by institutions and companies, etc. BIS India GAP certification shall be as prescribed under the provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and Rules and Regulations framed there under. The details of the conditions under which the license may be granted to producers. Protected cultivation including greenhouse production systems require adherence to GAP protocols because intensive cultivation in greenhouses often involves excessive use of chemicals. Therefore, perennial production coupled with indiscriminate chemical utilization leads to severe pest infestation and consequent high levels of pesticide residues. Therefore, greenhouse production systems require even stricter adherence to GAP protocols. 176


E-32 Observation on Food Preference and Foraging of Camponotus compressus Fabricius, 1787 (Insecta: Hymenoptera : Formicidae) During Non-Breeding Season at Kolkata S. Dey, N. Debnath and L. K. Ghosh Vidyasagar College, Post Graduate Campus : Block-CL, Plot No. 3 to 8 & 45 to 50, SectorII, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700091. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Camponotus compressus, Food preference, Acceptability.

ABSTRACT

Experiments were carried out to observe the preference of food viz. Carbohydrate (Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose), Protein and Fat ofCamponotus compressusFab. Experiments were conducted for a period of four months (Oct, 2011-Jan, 2012) and time period ranging from 9:30 A.M. to 1:30 P.M. during non-breeding Season. The ants showed an increasing preference of liquid food to solid food. The foraging workers were found to gather near the liquid food more in number than the solid food. The ascending order of preference of liquid items was Fat, Glucose, Fructose & Sucrose. In another set of experiments, it was observed that the acceptability of ants to liquid food was up to concentration of about 30%. E-33 Efficacy of New Combination Fungicides against Sheath Blight Caused by Rhi zoctonia solan i (Kuhn) in Rice S. Krishnam Raju and V. Bhuvaneswari Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute & Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru-534122, (A.N.G.R.A.U., Hyderabad), West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Picoxystrobin, Propiconazole, Picoxystrobin, Sheath blight, rice.

ABSTRACT

A new combination fungicide picoxystrobin + propiconazole 20% SC andpicoxystrobin 25% SC along with standard fungicides were tested against rice sheath blight under field 177


conditions. Picoxystrobin + propiconazole 20% SC @ 1.5 ml/l and picoxystrobin 25% SC @ 0.6 ml and 1.2 ml/l were found effective against sheath blight showing least disease incidence of 4.78, 6.93 and 6.60 and per cent, respectively. Similarly, disease severity of 8.97, 13.21 and 14.14 and per cent were recorded as against 41.25 per cent sheath blight incidence and 49.76 per cent severity in control plot. Standard recommended fungicides, hexaconazole 5% EC @ 2.0 ml/l and validamycin 3% L @ 2.0 ml/l have recorded disease incidence (16.24%, 17.88%) and severity (26.22%, 26.93%), respectively. E-34 Effect of Botanical Extracts against Mealy bug (M aconell icoccus hirsutus (Green) Infested Mulberry on Protein Metabolism in Silkworm, Bomb yx mo ri L . Samba Naik*, Angothu, Mohan Rao. Gand Jagadishnaik Mude Department of Zoology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur Andhra Pradesh-522510. India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Plant extracts, PMxNB4D2 hybrid, Maconellicoccus hirsutus.

ABSTRACT

Mulberry leaves are the main food source for the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. An attempt has been made to control tukra disease by using the plant extract and also carried out the estimation of total protein content in tissues like haemolymph, and silkgland. The herbal plant extract of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum Sanctum, Parthenium hysterophorus were prepared by using soxlet apparatus with different solvents viz., Hexane, Ethyl acetate and Methanol. The plant extracts were sprayed on tukra affected and compared with healthy (control) mulberry fed batch for 21 days to the silkworm of PMxNB4D2 hybrid. The total protein content gradually increased in both the tissues from day 4 to day 6, this increase however was significant (P>0.05). This can sturdily suggest that aqueous extract sprayed to tukra infected leaves can be used for silkworm rearing instead of using pesticides and insecticides in mulberry plantation.

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E-35 Sensitivity of Three Triazole Group Fungicides on the Control of Sheath Blight Pathogen Rhi zoctoni a solan i Associated with Rice (Or yza sativa ) Sambit Datta1*, Priyanka Das2, Jayanta Tarafdar3, and Ashim Chowdhury4 of Calcutta, 35, B. C. Road Kolkata-700019. 2Vijoygarh Jyotish Ray College, Kolkata-700032. 3B. C. K. V. V, Kalyani. *Corresponding Author Email: sambitdatta81 @gmail.com

1,4University

Keywords : Sheath blight, Sclerotia, Cellulase, Triazoles, Chemical control

ABSTRACT

Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) of rice (Oryza sativa) is an important disease, in all the rice producing countries of the world. In the present work three triazole fungicides difenoconazole, propioconazole, and tebuconazole were tested for their efficacy on the control of mycelial growth, sclerotial growth, biomass, and the ability to inhibit cellulase enzyme. The EC50 values for the linear growth of the fungi was found in the order Difenoconazole
ABSTRACT

An extensive survey was conducted during 2011-2012 in varied eco-climatic conditions of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand to collect mymarid parasitoids. These parasitoids are 179


an important group of chalcids which parasitized the first developmental stage (eggs) in the ontogeny of pests species belonging to a wide range of insect orders, such as Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptra, Diptera, Orthoptera and Psocoptera, of agricultural and Horticultural crops. The study led to the distribution of 15 species in 7 genera in these states and also recorded two genera from these states for the first time. In addition, an identification key to the determined genera is provided. E-37 Efficiency of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolates on the Growth and Germination of Cicer ari etin um L. Shiv Rama Krishnan*, V. Krishnapriya and R. Vinoth

Department of Biological Sciences, Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Allahabad. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Cicer arietinum L, IAA, PGPR, Copper

ABSTRACT

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. Ten isolates of bacteria designated as PGB1, PGB2, PGB3, PGB4, PGB5, PGA1, PGA2, PGA3, PGT1 and PGT2 were successfully isolated and characterized. Subsequently to investigate the effect of PGPR isolates on the growth of Cicer arietinum, a pot culture experiment was conducted. Prior to seeds grown in plastic pots, seeds were treated with PGPR isolates and seedlings were harvested after 21 days of inoculation. Isolates PGB1, PGA1, PGA2, PGA3, PGT1 and PGT2 induce the production of indole acetic acid, whereas only PGT2 isolate was able to solubilize phosphorus. Most of isolates resulted in a significant increasing of shoot length, root length and dry matter production of shoot and root of Cicer arietinum seedlings. Application of PGPR isolates significantly improves the percentage of seed germination under heavy metal stressed conditions. The present study, therefore suggest that the use of PGPR isolates PGB4, PGT2 and PGA3 as inoculants biofertilizers might be beneficial for Cicer arietinum cultivation. 180


E-38 Bruchidae Infestation on Seed of Al bizia l ebbek (L.) in Rajasthan Shiwani Bhatnagar*, Desha Meena, Sangeeta Singh and S.I. Ahmed Arid Forest Research Institute, New Pali Road, P.O Krishi Upaz Mandi, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Albizia lebbeck, Bruchidius albizzeae

ABSTRACT Albizia lebbeck (Fabaceae) is a medicinally important multipurpose leguminous tree,

commonly known as shirish, is native to tropical southern Asia, and widely cultivated and neutralized in other tropical and sub-tropical regions. The pods of Albizia lebbeck mature in April-June and characteristically remain on the tree when ripe. Studies were conducted on the seeds infestation of Albizia by insect pests. Most of the seeds were found to be infested by Bruchid, Bruchidius albizzeae, with the embryos invariably damaged and adult beetles dead inside most of the seeds (probably due to development of the hard seed coat during seed maturation). Seed /fruit characteristics, pod size, number of seed per pod and number of locules were studied. Damaged seeds were separated from the bulk seed lot by water flotation method in which dried and cleaned seeds were put into water and stirred for 2-3 min. The floaters (mostly damaged, infested seeds) and sinkers (good seeds) were separated and tested for germination after scarifying with concentrated sulfuric acid. The damaged seeds were lightest (13.6g/200 seeds) and did not germinate at all, while the separated good seeds (sinkers) were the heaviest (17.2 g/200 seeds). It was observed that seeds presoaked for 12 hours started germination 4-5 days after soaking with germination percent of about 52%. E-39 Preliminary Study: Role of Temperature & Humidity o n Hymenopteran Parasitoids Shoeba Binte Anis Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh- 202002 (U.P.), *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Climate factors, Hymenopteran, Parasitoids

181


ABSTRACT

Any change in environmental factors represents a challenge for parasitoid, as they are not only important in ecosystem but also used as biological control agents which can modify biological control programmes. A preliminary study was conducted to examine the effect of temperature and relative humidity on population of hymenopteran parasitoids to analyse their abundance, prominence value, relative and absolute frequencies. A total of five parasitoid representing the families (viz: Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae, Eulophidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae) were collected from a small area (100m 2) with diverse vegetation predominantly grasses, at temperature range 25-31.5° C and relative humidity 51-68.25%. The results were shown that none of the factor effects on parasitoid populations by fluctuations in relative humidity except in a single family Braconidae (negatively correlated). E-40 Field Bio-Efficacy of Bio and Microbial Insecticides on Yellow Stem Borer, Scir pophaga i ncer tul as Walker and Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Gueene in Rice during Dry Season Sitesh Chatterjee1 and Palash Mondal2 1Rice

Research Station, Government of West Bengal, P.O.-Chinsurah (R.S.)-712 102, Hooghly, West Bengal, 2Visva-Bharati, Palli Siksha Bhavana, Department of Plant Protection, Birbhum, Sriniketan, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Rice, Yellow stem borer, Rice Leaf folder, Bio-insecticide.

ABSTRACT

A field trial was conducted to examine the field bio-efficacy of different bio and microbial insecticides against the incidence of yellow stem borer and rice leaf folder on dry (Boro) rice at Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal during three seasons, viz., Boro 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12. The trial was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The observations of percentages of dead heart (DH%), leaf folder (LF%), white ear head (WE%) and yield were taken. A significant difference was found among the DH%, LF%, WE% and the yield on different insecticides application on rice. It was evident from the data that the DH% and LF% were increased day by day with the age of the plant. The lowest DH% was found with 182


the application of Spinosad 45%SC followed by Metarhizium anisopliae and Bacillus thuringiensis (Nodule Testing Lab., BCKV). Application with Spinosad 45% SC was found the lowest LF% followed by Azadirachtin 10,000 ppm and Metarhizium anisopliae (Nodule Testing Lab., BCKV) application. Minimum WE% was found with the application of Spinosad 45% SC followed by Bacillus thuriengiensis (Panther BT) and Azadirachtin 10,000 ppm. Maximum yield was obtained from the treated plots of Spinosad 45% SC and Azadirachtin 10,000 ppm. E-41 Comparative Account of Germination of Gram Seeds in Different Media by Application of Bacillus Sp#203 Isolated From M etaphi r e posthu ma Sreejata Biswas1*, Pulak Lahiri2 and Satadal Das3 Morning College,19, Rajkumar Chakrabarty Sarani, Kolkata, 2Former Nilratan Sircar Professor of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 3Consultant Microbiologist, Peerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1Bangabasi

Keywords : Earthworm, Metaphire posthuma, M icroorganisms, Bacillus sp#203, Germination,

Biofertiliser ABSTRACT

Seed germination is an important event in plant life cycle. Earthworms provide multiple benefits to plant growth and development. Earthworm casts may break seed dormancy and increase germination and root initiation of plant seeds. Earthworm casts and their gut contain a much higher count of microorganisms than their habitat soil. Metaphire posthuma is a commonly occurring earthworm in Indian soil. But the direct and indirect effect of this indigenous species of earthworm has not been studied much. The present study was conducted to isolate the predominant gut bacteria from this earthworm species and to see the effect of this microbe on germination of seeds. The most frequently found microbe from M. posthuma was identified as Bacillus sp#203, a close homologue of Bacillus cereus. Gram seeds were allowed to germinate at room temperature in the laboratory in presence of Bacillus sp#203 in different medium according to inclined glass plate-blotter method. Germination rates as well as shoot length and root length of germinated gram seeds increased indicating the bio-fertilizer role of this 183


microbe. The results also indicate that the bacterium may possess some enzymatic or catalytic effect for efficient utilization of the endosperm. E-42 Exploration of Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Potential of Some Mosses Collected from Eastern Himalayan Forest floor Subhra Talai Mukhopadhyay1*, Souvik Mitra2, Anashuya Biswas3, Manisha Shaw4, Nilansu 6 Das5 and Mousumi Poddar-Sarkar 1,4Barasat Govt. College, Kolkata 700124, 2,3,6 University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, 5Surendranath College, Kolkata 700009, *Corresponding author: [email protected]. Keywords : Mosses, Eastern Himalaya, Antimicrobial (Gm +ve & Gm -ve), Antioxidants, DPPH.

ABSTRACT

Bryophytes being the oldest known land plant in the Universe have milieu of important bioactive compounds. We report the antibacterial and antioxidative potential of seven Eastern Himalayan mosses [Octoblepharum albidum, Hyophila involuta, H. perranulata, Campylopus introflexus, Syrrhopodon subconfertus, Erythrodontium julaceum, and Sematophyllum subhumile] collected from different altitudes of Darjeeling

hill range. Samples were extracted in two solvent systems and assayed against two Gm +ve [Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus] and two Gm –ve bacteria [Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonae]. Among them, Syrrhopodon subconfertus shows the highest percentage of inhibition against Gm+ve & Gm-ve bacteria whereasErythrodontium julaceum onlyshows inhibition in case of Gm+ve bacteria. The free radical scavenging

activities of these genera were examined and compared with respect to Vitamin C considering their percent inhibition by 2, 2-Diphyle-1-pycril-hydrazyl (DPPH) at different concentrations of plant extracts. We presume that the efficacy of the antimicrobial potential is not indicative for their antioxidative potential but probably due to the concentration of bioactive compounds. Therefore, Himalayan bryophytes can be explored extensively for future therapeutic and medicinal purposes. 184


E-43 Exploring the Potential of Growth and Bio-control Properties of Rhizospheric Fluorescent Pseudomonads of Exotic Bamboos Suman Rawat1*, Divya Rawat2, Solomon Das3, Y. P. Singh4 and Padma Singh5 Research Institute, Dehradun 248006, Uttarakhand, India, 1,2,5Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Hardwar 249401,Uttarakhand,India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

3,4Forest

Keywords : Antagonist, Afforestation, Bamboo, PGPR

ABSTRACT

Bamboo, an important, widely occurring species, constitutes about 13% of area of the Indian forests. Fast growth rate and shallow root system make bamboos mycotrophic (mycorrhiza dependent) and also create a niche in the root zone that is conducive for microbial growth and proliferation. Fluorescent pseudomonads, a rhizosphere competent, significantly contribute in growth and defence of plants. Diversity of fluorescent pseudomonads of seven exotic bamboos was explored in relation to their growth (phosphate solubilisation and IAA) and bio-control (siderophore and HCN) properties. These properties were studied both qualitatively and quantitatively to select out efficient inoculants for wastelands afforestation under National Green Mission. E-44 Characterization and Bio-Control Activity of Pseudomonas Isolates from Rhizospheres of Tamil Nadu against Rhi zoctonia s olan i Sumit Sisodia, Piyush Jai Mallick, Nupur, Niharika, Priti Shekar and Rekha Govindan* Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions University, Paiyanoor – 603104 Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding Author Email: rekhagovindan2000 @yahoo.com Keywords : Fluorescent Pseudomonads, Bio-control Activities, Characterization

ABSTRACT

In this study, fluorescent Pseudomonads were isolated from rice rhizosphere from the southern districts of Tamil Nadu and screened them against Sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. Among them, an isolate designated as ABL1008 was selected for 185


further studies owing to its potential antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. The isolate ABL1008 also produced iron chelating substance siderophores and Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which play a major role in biocontrol mechanism against plant pathogens. The complete work has indicated a major biocontrol role for Pseudomonas sp. isolate ABL1008 against Rhizoctonia solani . Hence field trials for the effectiveness of Pseudomonas sp. isolate ABL1008 looks very promising. E-45 Management of Aphids on Br assi ca napus L. by Manipulating Sowing Dates Surjeet Kumar* and Ranbir Singh

CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176062. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Aphids, Management, Brassica napus, Sowing dates

ABSTRACT Brassica napus L. popularly known as gobhi sarson in India and Canola in many

other parts of the world, is an important crop belonging to the rapeseed-mustard group of oilseed crops, the second most important source of edible oil in India after groundnut. One of the reasons for reduction in productivity is aphid (Lipaphis erysimi, Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae) infestation. Chemical control is harmful with respect to non-target organisms, human health, quality of produce and overall environment. So, ecofriendly approaches may be an alternative. The field trial was conducted at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. Results indicated that among the three aphid species observed to infest the crop, B. brassicae was the most dominant followed by M. persicae on the crop sown on different sowing dates. The population of L. erysimi was observed to be negligible. The crop sown between 3rd and 18th October harboured less aphid population and yielded significantly more compared to the late sown crop (2nd and 17th November). It is concluded that use of chemical insecticides can be minimized by sowing the crop early (before le October) without any significant decrease in the yield. 186


E-46 Study of Egg Parasitoids (Chalcidoidea : Mymaridae) of Uttar Pradesh Tabassum Rehmat* and Shoeba Binte Anis Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 (U.P.). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Uttar Pradesh supports huge diversity of insects. Members of the family Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are often referred to as “Fairy flies”, occurs in almost every habitat and available throughout the year. Mymarids are often overlooked because of their small size about 0.35mm-1.5mm. Its members are known to parasitize the eggs of wide variety of insects in the orders: Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera and Psocoptera of agricultural crops, thus with a remarkable diverse host array. The oopahagous habit of mymarids, leads to the recognition as potential agents in the biocontrol of insect pest of agriculturally important crops. Mymarid fauna is represented in India by 26 genera and about 113 species. The present study is based on following 8 mymarid genera collected during 2006 to 2011 from Uttar Pradesh viz., Arescon, Camptoptera, Erythmelus, Himopolynema, Mymar, Polynema, Stethynium, Staphanodes, which is about 30 % of the total Indian mymarid fauna. Species wise analysis shows that genus Erythmelus with 8 species dominated the diversity followed by Camptoptera (4 species), Polynema , Aresco n, Stethynium (2 species each) and Him opolynema, Mymar , Stephanodes (1 species each). Among mentioned species, 6 species are recorded for the first time in India. The present study of mymarid fauna not only helps in calculating their diversity richnesscontrol but also helps in finding effective biological control agents for successfuland biological programmes. E-47 Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus florida Thillai maharani, K. A., K. Sharmila and M. Kalaiselvam* Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608502, Tamilnadu, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Pleurotus, Ethanolic extract

187


ABSTRACT

The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of four different solvent extracts of P. florida were investigated. The antimicrobial activities of different solvents were tested

against pathogenic bacteria and fungi of human srcin using disc diffusion method. Total antioxidant, reducing power and total phenolic content effect of the extracts was determined by phosphor-molybdenum assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and folin ciocalteu methods respectively. Results indicated that the maximum antibacterial and antifungal activity was observed in ethanol extract of P. florida was found at 23 mm and 20mm against Streptococcus sp and E. floccosum respectively. Ethanolic extract of P. florida produced minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 25mg/ml against E. coli followed by K. oxytoca (25mg/ml), P. murabilis (75mg/ml) and Sterptococcus sp. (50mg/ml). The ethanol extract exhibited good antioxidant activity (230 µg equivalent of BHT/g), strongest reducing power inhibition (79.24%) and also contain high phenolic content (6.25 mg gallic acid/g of dry extract). The results provided evidence that the ethanol extracts of P. florida might indeed be potential sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. E-48 Acridid Pests (Orthoptera : Acridoidea) of Purvanchal Region of Uttar Pradesh Uzma Rafi*, M. K. Usmani and Hirdesh Kumar Department of Zoology, Aligarh Musim University, Aligarh.

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Orthoptera, Acridid, Pest

ABSTRACT

Purvanchal is eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. The soil is rich in quality and having high earthworm density nearby Indo-Gangetic areas. Specimens were collected from different districts of Purvanchal region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh during 2010-2012. The inventory of the grasshopper and locust fauna in the Purvanchal region (Eastern UP.) revealed the presence of 38 species, divided into 10 sub-families namely Acridinae, Catantopinae, 188


Cyrtacanthacridinae, Eyprepocnemidinae, Gomphocerinae, Hemiacridinae, Oedipoditute, Oxyinae, Spathosterninae and Tropidopolinae. Among these subfamilies, we found that oedipodinae is the best represented one. Subfamily Oedipodinae is the largest, consisting of 11 species. The sub families Cyrtacanthacridinae. Gomphocerinae, Spathosterninae and Tropidopolinae are represented by only one species each. Species richness and abundance of Acridid pests were studied. Observation was also made on their host and habitat. Species richness was maximum in Mau district while minimum in Gorakhpur district. Maximum specimen collection was obtained from cultivated area, shows the maximum abundance of Acridid pests in agricultural areas. E-49 Silk Biomaterials-A Review V. Asha Krishna1*, Ch. Ramanamma2 and T. Vijaya3 1 ,3S.P. Mahila Visvavidyalayam (S.P. Women’s University), Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, 2NSPR Degree College for Women, Hindupur, Anantapur, A. P. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Bombyx mori, Silk, Biomaterial, Tissue engineering.

ABSTRACT

Silkworm produces a fine, glistening, fabulous proteinaceous silk thread the fabric made of which is regarded as the queen of textiles and has made great contribution to the human civilization, biologically, silkworm innovates as potential insect system for production of high cost proteins and currently silkworm is technically convenient, ethically acceptable a valuable laboratory animal model to discriminate molecules as well as screening antimicrobials, evaluating the efficacy of novel antibiotics for pathogenic bacterial infection in humans, screening of drugs etc. Still there is a vast scope to explore the tiny insect for the welfare of the mankind. 189


E-50 Prediction of Number of Generations o f Tobacco Caterpilla r, Spodopter a litu r a (Fabricius), A Polyphagous Pest, Based on Thermal Degree-Days Requirement under Climate Change Scenarios V. Sridhar*, M. Jayashankar and L.S. Vinesh IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake post, Bangalore-560089, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Spodoptera litura, Thermal degree days, Horizontal cut off, Vertical cut off

ABSTRACT

Number of generations of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) was assessed under current and expected future climate change scenarios based on Thermal Degree-days (TDD) requirement and prevailing/expected temperatures. The assessment was done for IPCC Al B climate change scenario for three localities in India viz., Ludhiana (Northern India), Bangalore (Southern India) and Kalyani (Eastern India). The number of generations was calculated after obtaining the effective degree-days accumulation for each day by using both horizontal and vertical cutoff methods. Estimated number of generation of S. liltura by Horizontal cutoff method were 9, 10, 11 generations in Ludhiana; 8, 10, 12 generations in Bangalore and 10, 11, 12 generations in Kalyani in different scenarios of climate change i.e., 1960-1990 (base line scenarios), 2030-2050 scenario and 2061-2098 scenarios, respectively. With Vertical cutoff method, it was estimated that S. litura would complete 7 generations each in 1960-1990 (base line scenarios), 2030-2050 scenario and 2061-2098 scenarios under Ludhiana conditions; 9, 10, 11 generations under Bangalore conditions and 9, 10, 10 generations, under Kalyani conditions under similar scenarios as mentioned for Ludhiana. E-51 Projected Climate Change Mediated Response of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in India as Assessed by CLIMEX Modeling V. Sridhar, A. Verghese, L. S. Vinesh and M. Jayashankar IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560089, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Climate change, Spodoptera, CL1MEX

190


ABSTRACT

Insect pest problems in agriculture have shown a considerable shift during the recent past, because of climate change apart from ecosystem and technological changes. This is particularly true in case of polyphagous pest like Spodoptera litura. CLIMEX was used to model the potential distribution of the species in the India based on different scenarios emphasizing increase in the temperature viz., 1°C, 2°C and 3°Craise in temperature; 0.1°C temperature increase per each latitude in comparison with current scenario. Suitability of the localities was expressed in terms of Eco-climatic index (El) ranging from 0 to > 20 by combining the interaction effect of various stress indices and growth indices for the development of S. litura. It was observed that in temperate areas the pest incidence may increase in future, in contrast to the decreasing trend in areas where already the prevailing temperatures are near tipper thresholds. E-52 Elicitors, Effectors and R Genes : The New Paradigm and a Lifetime Supply of Questions-A Review V. V. N. Vamsy Krishna. D. IIT Biology Faculty, Velammal Matric Hr. Sec School, Velammal knowledge Park, Ponneri, Tamilnadu- 601204. Keywords : MAMPs/PAMPs, R proteins, PAMP-triggered Immunity (PTI), Virulence strategy.

ABSTRACT

Pathogens are diversified infectious agents that recognize the target host and propagate disease/infection. Animal immune system possesses immunoglobulins, circulating immune cells and phagocytic process as defense mechanisms. But, in plants they are two main mechanisms were evolved. One, developing physical and chemical barriers (preformed). two, induced resistance mechanisms (R-genes products) which can be compared with innate and adaptive immunity seen in animals. To be successful pathogens they should pass these barriers. This presentation focuses on defense mechanisms of plants. Those are Preformed and induced Molecular responses by which the plant system evolved to eliminate the pathogens from its immediate environment. 191


E-53 Development and Trait Analysis of Insect Resistant Transgenic Bt Brinjal & Bt Tomato Vageesh babu S. Hanur*, K. Boopal, K. N. Srividya, M. S. Saraswathi and Vijeth V. Arya IIHR, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560089, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]) Keywords : Bt transgenics, Insect resistance, Leucinodes orbonalis, Brinjal.

Brinjal (Eggplant, aubergine,

ABSTRACT Solanum melongena L.) and tomato ( Solanum

lycopersicum L.) are important vegetable crops of the Indian subcontinent and the world.

Yield and marketable quality of these crops are severely affected by the pests, brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee and tomato fruit borer ( Helicoverpa armigera ). Harnessing the power of Bt technology, present investigation was undertaken to develop insect resistant Bt transgenic brinjal cv. Arka Keshav and Bt tomato cv. Arka Vikas. Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation using synthetic Cry2A Bt gene construct was followed by selection of independent T2 and T 3 transgenic lines which were evaluated for the presence and expression of Bt transgene. The transgenic lines were also phenotyped for expression of the resistance trait through challenge inoculation infestation. Lines that are promising are undergoing further testing. E-54 Evaluation of Antagonists against Soil Borne Pathogens of Brinjal Vikas Gupta*, V. K. Razdan and Sachin Gupta 1 SKUAST-J, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir. *Corresponding Author Email: vicky_mahajan2k @yahoo.co.in. Keywords : Brinjal, Biocontrol agents, Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. virens, Chaetomium globosum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae and Rhizoctonia solani.

ABSTRACT

Brinjal crop suffers from many biotic stresses, out of which soil borne diseases are of great economic importance. It was observed that most of the fungal and bacterial 192


antagonists tested were found effective against soil borne diseases under in-vitro and invivo conditions. Five isolates of fungal antagonists viz. , Trichoderma viride (Tv1 and Tv4), T. harzianum (Th1 and Th4) and T. virens (Gv2) and one isolate of bacterial antagonist, Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf2), found highly effective against all the soil borne pathogens under in vitro conditions were used for seed, soil and seed + soil treatments in pot experiments, to observe their effectiveness on seed germination, seedling emergence and wilt incidence on brinjal cv. Pusa Purple Long. Among fungal antagonists isolate Tv4 (Trichoderma viride) and among bacterial antagonists isolate Pf2 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) were found most effective against the soil borne pathogens. Pot studies revealed that Seed and soil application of antagonists resulted in significantly higher seed and seedling emergence compared to seed and soil application alone. Pot studies further revealed that seed + seedling + soil application of the antagonists resulted in lesser wilt incidence compared to only seed + seedling or soil application of these antagonists. E-55 Eco-Friendly Management of Coir Industry Wastes through Saprophytic Fungi and Its Post Fact Utilization as Organic Manure Vinay, M. T., Vinay, G. P., Rayankula Naidu., Mamatharani, D. R and G. Panduranga Murthy* Bhoomigeetha Institute of Research & Development B.H. Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Coir industry wastes, Saprophytic fungi, Degradation, Eco-friendly management,

Coir Compost / Manure 1,-; 4, a // ABSTRACT

Coir industry’ is a labor intensive and export oriented traditional industry. Coir pith is a lingo-cellulosic agro-residue. It was found that, the disposal of Coir wastes have created serious problems leading to public health hazards and environment. In addition, it was observed that, the problem of huge dumps of Coir wastes is mainly due to delay in biological degradation under natural condition. Recent developments in microbialbiotechnology yields new applications for the fastening of degradation process with selected saprophytic fungi such as, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavu s, Fus arium oxysporum, Pleurotu s sp. Gan ode rma sp. and Trichoderma harzianum. In the present study, Coir pith wastes were subjected for degradation by 193


‘Solid state fermentation’ using the above desired fungal organisms and the experiment was kept for 45days incubation. During degradation, the enzymes such as Cellulase, Ligninase and Pectinase were analyzed at different temperatures and pH. Activity of all these degradative enzymes was high at 40°C temperature and pH 5 with the substrate concentration (5%) in selected fungal species. It could understand that, the high yield of Cellulase and Ligninase enzymes at optimized temperature and pH indicates the effective degradation of Coir wastes within the short period. The degraded material was subjected for NPK analysis using soil samples of different regions and most significant NPK contents estimated in compost prepared from coir degradation. This compost was analyzed for toxicity and it has sustainable environmental development properties along with special characters of supplying necessary nutrients. E-56 Decaleside II : A New Class of Natural Insecticide for Control of Stored Grain Insect Pests Y. Rajashekar National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, P. Bag No: 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560 024, Karnataka, India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Decalepis hamiltonii; Decaleside II; Novel trisaccharides; Contact toxicity;

Mammalian safety; Stored grain insect pests ABSTRACT

Insects cause extensive damage to stored grains and their value added products, which may account to 5-10% in the temperate zone and 20-30% in the tropical zone. Plants may provide alternatives to currently used insect control agents as they constitute rich source in bioactive molecules. We have isolated natural insecticidal molecule from the edible roots of Decalepis hamiltonii named Decaleside II, which is novel trisaccharides, highly toxic to various insects. Decaleside II showed highest insecticidal activity by contact bioassay with LC50 in the range of 0.004-0.0158 mg/cm2 to the insects, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica, Callosobruchus chinensis and Tribolium castaneum. In the grains treated with the Decaleside II at the 100 ppm, 80% insect mortality was observed tested within 24 h and, the mortality reached100% at 7d of exposure for all the insects. The Decaleside II caused significant reduction in F1 progeny of all the insects in 194


the treated grain and the progeny was completely suppressed at 100ppm dosage. The mammalian safety of the new insecticides is inherent in their chemical structure with 14 or 1-1 á linkage that is easily hydrolyzed by the digestive enzymes of mammals. However, the insect selectivity and mammalian safety of Decalesides or similar molecules makes them highly suitable for use as novel grain or seed protectants of natural srcin. E-57 Pleur otus eous-An Easy Growing Mushroom with Immense Potential for Farmers of Jammu Sachin Gupta*, Moni Gupta, V. K. Razdan and Manpreet Kaur Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu (J & K)-180 009.

*Corresponding Author Email: sachinmoni@ gmail.com Keywords : Pleurotus eous, Mushroom, Fruit body, Wheat straw, Wheat bran

ABSTRACT

Pleurotus eous commonly known as pink oyster was studied for various parameters of its growth. For mass multiplication, malt dextrose agar, temperature of 20o C and pH 6.5 was found to be the best for supporting its growth. Various substrates were evaluated for its cultivation and wheat straw was found to the best substrate producing the maximum number of fruit bodies, average fruit body weight, number of flushes and total yield. Supplementation of wheat straw with wheat bran was found to be effective in causing significant increase in yield of mushrooms. Maximum Benefit: Cost ratio was

obtained in the treatment consisting of sterilization of wheat straw with hot water treatment, spawning @ 4 percent of dry weight and supplementation with wheat bran. E-58 Antioxidant Defense in the Male and Female Pupa of An theraea paphia L. G. C. Patra1*, N. Mohanty2 and D. G. Dey3 G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur , Baripada -757003, 3Department of Zoology, Udala College, Udala, Mayurbhanj -757041 Odisha. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 1,2P.

Keywords : Antheraea paphia , Pupae, Haemolymph, Fatbody, Antioxidants.

195


ABSTRACT Tropical tasar is produced by silkworm Antheraea paphia Linn. mainly available in

Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Mayurbhanj, Odisha. The quality of silk yarn produced out of Modal cocoon is best in the world. The present investigation accounts for a comparative study of the antioxidants status in the diapausing pupae of the male and female. Emphasis has been given on the contents of protein, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), reduced glutathione (GSH) and level of lipid peroxidation (LPX) i. e. malondialdehyde (MDA) content formed in the haemolymph and fat body tissues of pupae of the silkworm. Results of the present study indicate that the female pupae are superior to male based on their antioxidant status. F. Agronomy, Soil and W ater Conservation, Agricultural Meteorology and GIS F-1 Performance of Coconut Based Agri-Hoticultural System in Coastal Odisha A. K. Patra*, A. K. Mohapatra, B. P. Gantayat, P. J. Mishra and B. B. Behera All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Agroforestry, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, Orissa. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Cocos nucifera, Agri-horticultural system, Oryza sativa

ABSTRACT

Coastal Odisha has vast acreage under medium land which can be successfully intercropped with coconut (Cocos nucifera) under agri-horticultural system. A participatory survey work was undertaken by the AICRP on Agroforestry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2007-08 in Puri district to assess the feasibility and economic aspects of growing coconut in rice field. It was observed that coconut was planted under three different agrihorticultural systems. Coconut palms planted on the usual rice field bunds at 7.5 m plant to plant spacing were found to be of poor growth and less productive as compared to pure stand plantation. Coconut planted in paddy field on raised bunds of 3 mwidth accommodated about 90/ha. The paddy area was reduced by about 20% with 24% yield reduction. But 196


this reduction in rice was compensated by nut yields of coconut. On an average 89 nuts/ plant/year were harvested in mixed stand as compared to 80 nuts in pure stand. Two rows coconut (5 m x 7.5 m) planted on raised bunds of 7 m width (leaving 1.0 m on either side of the bund) accommodated about 105 trees/ha. The rice area was reduced by about 28% with 35% reduction in yield. But nut yield was more in mixed stand of rice + coconut (85 nuts/plant/year) as compared to that in pure stand (76 nuts/plant/year). Besides these three systems coconuts were also planted at a spacing of 8 m x 7.5 m on raised paddy bund with an alley space of 5 m width which is utilized for fish farming. F-2 Performance of Intercrops in High Density Acacia mangiu m Plantation A. K. Patra*, A. K. Mohapatra, S. Das, P. J. Mishra and B. B. Behera AICRP on Agroforestry, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751 003. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Acacia mangium, Agri-silvicultural agroforestry system, Cucurbita moschata , Phaseolus mungo

ABSTRACT Block plantation of Acacia mangium at 2.5 m x 2.0 m spacing on the Chitrotpala

river bank in Kendrapada district of coastal Odisha was taken up during 2007. The soil of the planting site was sandy clay loam with moderate in organic carbon, low in phosphorus and medium in potash availability. Two intercrops in sequence, pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) in February and blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) in October were grown in the tree alleys. Both the crops were rainfed. An average fruit yield of 22.58 t/ ha was obtained from summer pumpkin grown in association with trees as against 24.65 t/ha in the open field during first year. Blackgram taken during post rainy season recorded 0.245 t/ha with trees as compared to 0.325 t/ha without the tree component. The reductions in yield were 9.17 and 18.0% in pumpkin and blackgram, respectively when grown in association with trees as compared to their respective sole crops. During second and third year, respective yield reductions were 13.3 and 14.6 %, and 25.1 and 32.8 %. Acacia mangium attained a height of 6.8 m with a collar diameter of 17.6 cm after 36 197


months of planting. The initial soil values remained more or less same after three years of Acacia mangium plantation. As the canopy of the trees closed during fourth year yam (Dioscorea alata) was planted in the pits dug near each Acacia mangium plant which recorded tuber yield of 15.2 t/ha as against 18.7 t/ha in pure stand. F-3 Evaluation of Soil Resources for Agricultural Development in Subarnarekha Watershed, Ranchi District, Jharkhand A. K. Sahoo, Dipak Sarkar and K. Das National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR), Regional Centre, Salt lake, Kolkata–700 091, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Watershed, Alternate Land Use Plan, Land cxapability, Soil site suitability,

Prioritization. ABSTRACT

Soil resource inventory (1:50,000 scale) in Subarnarekha watershed, Ranchi district, Jharkhand under rainfed agro eco-region was carried out for development of an alternate land use plan of the watershed. The watershed represents a typical undulating terrain developed on granite gneiss landscape dominated by six major physiography viz. hills, pediments, monadnocks, plateau top, undulating plateau and valley. Soils were loamy skeletal to fine in texture (clay 11.1 to 50.6%), neutral to strongly acidic (pH 4.5 to 7.1), low to medium (0.6 to 9.2 gkg -1) in organic carbon and CEC (4.2 to 19.7 cmol (p +) kg1). Inceptisols were the dominant soils followed by Alfisols and Entisols. Undulating topography, shallow soil depth, severe soil erosion and strong soil acidity were the major constraints in the soils of hilly terrain, monadnocks and plateau. However, in the soils of valleys and depressed lands, imperfect to poor drainage and surface soil acidity were the major constraints for crop growth. Soils were grouped under land capability classes of II, III, IV, VI and VII and soil site suitability for different crops were evaluated. The watershed was prioritized and an action plan was developed considering the problems and potential of the watershed areas and the need of the farmers.

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F-4 Evaluation of Inhana Rational Farming Technology (IRF) as a Complete Package of Practice for Sustainable Organic Tea Cultivation–A Case Study from FAO-CFC-TBI Project at Maud Tea Estate, Assam A. Seal1*, S. Saha2, A. Das3 and R. K. Sarkar4 Organic Research Foundation (IORF), West Bengal, India, 3Calcutta University, India, 4Ballygunge Science College, Calcutta University, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1,2Inhana

Keywords : Organic tea, Inhana rational farming, Economic sustainability

ABSTRACT

Inhana Rational Farming Technology (IRF) was scientifically evaluated as an organic package of practice towards meeting the objectivity of FAO-CFC-TBI project i.e. finding out an effective pathway for sustainable organic tea cultivation. IRF exhibited most significant performance over other organic packages of practice, i.e. either srcinal like biodynamic farming or formulated combining vermi compost, indigenous compost (FYM) and microbial formulations (on the basis of scientific rationale and expert’s opinion); both in terms of crop productivity and economic sustainability under all growth stages of tea plant for three years i.e. from 2009-2011 at Maud tea estate, Assam (India). Assessment of the effect of different packages towards organic management of tea nursery, through the utilization of Dickson Quality Index (used to evaluate seedling quality) indicated highest value for IRF treatment as compared to others. Crop yield under IFR was 10.14, 23.58 and 5.77 percent higher than the next best packages of practice under new plantation (age : 0-2 years), young tea (age : 3 to 6 years) and mature tea (age : 11-14 years) respectively. Conversely when evaluated for the respective input cost under each package, expenses under IRF was found to be 68.32, 80.19 and 79.18 percent lower than the others. Soil Development Index (SDI) was also formulated to assess the variation in soil quality under application of different packages of practice. Highest SDI was obtained under IRF, which had also correlated significantly with the respective crop performance thereby confirming the effective soil-plant relationship.

199


F-5 Effect of Weed Control on Growth and Yield Attributing Characters of Upland Drilled Paddy under the Lateritic Condition of Konkan A. V. Dahiphale*, B. D. Shinde, N. V. Dalvi and M. J. Mane Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli – 415712, Dist-Ratnagiri. (India). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Upland drilled rice, Weed control, Weed control efficiency

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of various weed control measures on growth and yield of upland rice under lateritic soil conditions. The performance of rice was not influenced by introducing cowpea, as an intercrop in direct seeded upland rice for 30-35 days. It was also ineffective in controlling the weeds. For effective weed control and higher yields as well as higher net returns from the direct seeded kharif upland rice, Oxydiargyl @ 0.1 kg/ha should be sprayed 5-6 days after sowing of the crop and it should be followed by hand weeding 20-25 days after sowing. F-6 Root Environment and Crop Production in Saline Eco-System ofSunderban Amaresh Bakly and Pulin B, Chakraborty* Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Regional Research Station (Coastal Saline Zone), P.O. Akshoynagar, Kakdwip 743 347, 24-Parganas (S), West Bengal, India. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to study the microclimate in a crop grown after harvest wet-season rice in sunderban. Short duration crops, viz, lentil, gram and mustard were grown as test crops adopting conventional, strip and zero-tillage with straw and polyethylene mulch. The result revealed that mulch treatments had significant effect on modification of the root- zone environment irrespective of tillage practices. Poly-mulch, in association with minimum tillage, reduced evapotranspiration rate from 1.65 to 1.35 mm d-1. This increased moisture availability to the crops for a longer period and decreased soil salinity from 2.32 to 0.58 dS m-1. Poly-mulch raised soil temperature by 1.7°C while straw 200


mulch reduced it by 0.7°C. Minimum tillage helped in maintaining relatively lower temperature in the root-zone even when poly-mulch was applied. Significant yield increase was achieved when straw mulch was applied with either of the minimum tillage practices. As a consequence, either of the minimum tillage practices with straw mulch proved to be most remunerative, producing highest (1.92) benefit-cost (B : C) ratio. However, of all the crops, lentil had highest B: C ratio. However of all the crops, lentil had highest B : C ratio, followed by gram and mustard. Hence, it may be concluded that lentil can be successfully grown as second crop in delta, adopting minimum tillage with straw mulch. F-7 Trend Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature of Kakdwip Block in Sundarban Delta Amaresh Bakly*, Pulin B. Chakraborty and Smita Kujur Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Regional Research Station, Kakdwip 743 347, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Trend analysis, Sunderban, Kakdwip block

ABSTRACT

Historical rainfall and temperature data for 22 years (1986-2007), collected from the Regional Research Station of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya at Kakdwip, was used to analyse the trends of rainfall and temperature. Results revealed that average rainfall of the area is 2104.08 mm that varies between 1702.46 and 2505.70 mm, but 59 percent of the years received rainfall > 2000 mm. An increasing trend in annual rainfall was, although, observed but seasonal analysis indicated different trends. Moreover, monsoon rain, which accounts for 86.61% of total rainfall, concentrates mostly within 23rd to 45th weeks. However, dependable rains (73.9% probability) are expected to occur between 21st to 43rd weeks at every alternate year. It was also noticed that the weeks beyond 41st week experiences severe drought. Further, from 6th-7th week onwards both maximum and minimum temperature increases by 1.70 and 3-5 0 C respectively, and it were more conspicuous beyond 1989. Such increase in temperature as well as rainfall indicates severe environmental degradation of the delta. 201


F-8 Estimation of Cotton Crop Acreage and Production at District Level Using IRS LISS-III Data and Agromet Yield Model Anil Sood1*, K N Chaudhary2 and Sushma Panigrahy3 1 Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, PAU-Campus, Ludhiana 141004, 2,3Space Application Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, 380015, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Cotton, Acreage, Production, Remote sensing, Modeling,

ABSTRACT

Cotton acreage in the five districts of Punjab namely Bathinda, Faridkot, Firozpur, Muktsar and Mansa was carried using Remote Sensing (IRS-R2 LISS-III) digital data with the objective to estimate pre harvest crop acreage and production for cotton crop. The digital data was analyzed for acreage estimation following Total enumeration approach with district as a unit. The results showed that there has been increase of 11.02 per cent in acreage under 5 cotton growing districts studied when compared with last year’s (2010-11) estimates from Bureau of Economics and Statistics (BES), Punjab. In all the five districts the cotton acreage increased in ranging from 3.68% (Firozpur) to 18.72% (Mansa), due to good monsoon and better market prices in last year. Cotton yield was predicted by agromet model based on normalized correlation coefficient weighted weather parameters (Tmax, Tmin and rainfall). Weather data up to October 30, 2011 have been used for the prediction. The production in all the five major cotton growing districts increased in comparison to the estimates for last year given by Bureau of Economics and Stat, Punjab and it ranged from 21.10 percent (Bathinda district) to 45.81 per cent in Muktsar districts. Good monsoon and low incidence of disease and pest attack is attributed for higher yield.

202


F-9 Mitigating Abiotic Stresses through Innovative Resource Conservation Practices for Crop Diversification, Productivity Enhancement and Environmental Security in Hill Ecosystems Anup Das*, G. I. Ramkrushna, B. U. Choudhury, Jayanta Layek, R. Krishnappa, D. P. Patel, G. C. Munda and S. V. Ngachan ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam-793 103, Meghalaya. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Resource conservation, Zero tillage, Residue management, Soil carbon, Productivity

ABSTRACT

High rainfall, steep slopes, intensive tillage practices coupled with residue removal and meager/no application of manure and fertilizer are the major cause of land degradation in the North Eastern Region of India. Monocropping is by and large prevalent with average cropping intensity of about 120%. Even though the region receives high rainfall (2450 mm), there is severe water scarcity in upland during November to April and makes agriculture almost impossible in the absence of soil moisture conservation measures. On the other hand, in low land there is excess moisture due to seepage from surrounding hillocks. Cultivation of a second crop of rice is not possible due to early onset of winter and subsequent problem of spikelet sterility. Conservation Agriculture (CA) permits management of soils for agricultural production without excessively disturbing the soil, while protecting it from the processes that contribute to degradation e.g. erosion, compaction, aggregate breakdown, loss in organic matter, leaching of nutrient etc. The CA is a way to achieve goals of enhanced productivity and profitability while protecting natural resources and environment. To promote CA, zero and minimum tillage, crop residue management (40 cm standing stubble of rice) crop rotation (pea/lentil/toria in rice fallow) were followed. Small tools and implements like manual furrow opener, seed cum fertilizer drill, etc. were used. To ensure timely sowing of second crop in lowland, drainage channels were provided around the rice field at physiological maturity. The field studies revealed that rice productivity after 3 cropping cycles were either equal (in upland) or 1015 % higher (lowland) under zero tillage or minimum tillage + residue retained plot compared to conventional tillage + residue removed plots. Under lowland, after rice 203


harvest, it is possible to get 8-9 t/ha green pod yield from pea or 1.5 t/ha seed yield of lentil or 0.8 t/ha toria seed yield following zero tillage practice. Retention of 40 cm stubble height resulted 48% and 30% enhancement in lentil productivity under zero tillage in lowland and upland rice fallow, respectively. The soil organic carbon enhanced by 12.5% due to double no tillage over conventional tillage after 5 cropping cycles in rice - pea cropping system. Zero tillage saved energy, build up soil organic carbon content and enhanced cropping intensity. Soil physico-chemical and biological properties improved over the years under zero or minimum tillage plots with residue management compared to conventional tillage and residue removal. F-10 Nutrient Composition and Uptake by Weeds and Rice under Different Crop Establishment and Weed Management Practices Arunbabu, T* and S. N. Jena College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Crop establishment methods, Weed management practices, Nutrient concentration

and uptake, Rice, Weeds. ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted during the kharif 2010 and 2011 at Agronomy Research Farm, Central Research Station, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar to assess the nutrient concentration and uptake by weeds and crops under different crop establishment methods. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture with pH 5.45. Grain and straw yield of 5.02 and 5.8 t were recorded in System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Weedy check recorded highest nutrient composition of weeds. Highest uptake of nutrients in grain and straw of rice were recorded in conoweeder. Uptake of N, P, K were 69.9, 19.9 and 14.1 kg ha -1 respectively by grain and that by straw were 27.0, 6.2 and 111.7 kg ha-1 respectively.

204


F-11 Spatial and Temporal Cropping Systems Changes over Uttar PradeshA Geographical Information System Analysis Avadhesh Kumar Koshal S. V. P. U. A & T., Modipuram, Meerut, U.P. 250110. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : GIS, Cropping system, IGP & Division

ABSTRACT

Agriculture plays a vital role in economic development of the nation. Uttar Pradesh is fifth largest state, it is located between 23º 52-31º 24’ N latitudes and 77º.5-84º. 38’ E longitudes and divided in 18 Divisions. Divisional based study of Uttar Pradesh cropping systems level is useful to understand to overall sustainability of agricultural system. The changes in cropping pattern have been worked out on the basis of secondary data. The change analysis for cropping systems data to triennium years (1995-98 to 2005-08). GIS is computer assisted system for analysis of spatial and non-spatial data. In ARC GIS software, classified change analysis maps were found more than 15% in five systems: Rice-Wheat, Sugarcane/ratoon-Wheat, Maize-Wheat, Pearl millet-Wheat and SorghumWheat and other three cropping systems viz. Rice-Mustard, Rice-Gram and FallowWheat systems have not many changes were observed. The dominant cropping systems are Rice-Wheat system, maximum positive change was observed in Aligarh division. F-12 Productivity Enhancement of Degraded Coastal Land through Land Shaping Techniques D. Burman1*, B. K. Bandyopadhyay2, U. K. Mandal3, Subhasis Mandal4, S. K. Sarangi5, K. K. Mahanta6, B. Maji7, D. K. Sharma8, N. J. Maitra9, T. K. Ghoshal10, B. Mandal11, P. Patra12, S. Patra13 and S. De14 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,12,13,14CSSRI, Regional Research Station, Canning Town-743329, West Bengal, 8CSSRI,Karnal-132 001, Haryana, 9Ramkrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nimpith-743 338, West Bengal, 10Central Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture, Kakdwip Research Centre, Kakdwip-743 347, West Bengal, 11(BCKV), Mohanpur-741 252, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Land shaping technique, Salinity, Waterlogging, Rainwater harvesting, Integrated

Crop-Fish Cultivation, Coastal land 205


ABSTRACT

Land shaping techniques like farm pond, deep furrow and high ridge, paddy-cum fish cultivation have been developed for restoration and productivity enhancement of degraded (saline) coastal land. Thesetechniques reduced the process of land degradation by alleviating soil salinity and waterlogging problems as well as for creation of irrigation resources in the coastal region. Land shaping techniques have been implemented in about 79 ha of farmers’ fields in the blocks of Canning I, Patharpratima, Kultali, Namkhana, Kakdwip in South 24 Pagarganas district and Sandeshkhali II block in North 24 Pagarganas district of West Bengal in the Gangetic Delta region in Sundarbans (India). In rabi/summer, due to creation of different land situation like high land, medium land and low land, the salinity has been reduced to about 4-5 dSm -1 in high land, 6-8 dSm -1 in medium land and 12-13 dSm-1 in low land from srcinal land (without land shaping) with salinity >15 dSm -1. The land shaping provided better drainage condition and created irrigation resources through harvesting of rain water. The reshaped land has provided the scope for integrated cultivation of crops and fishes round the year. The cropping intensity has been increased from 100 % to 194 %. Increased in employment generation from 87 to 227 man-days and farm income from Rs.7700 to Rs. 28,056 per house hold of average holding of 0.35 ha per annum have been recorded due to implementation of land shaping techniques. F-13 On Farm Assessment of Nutrient Management of Different Crops in Alluvial Soils of Punjab D. S. Benipal*, S. S. Kukal, M. S. Kahlon Balkaran Singh and A. A. S. Gill

Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Leaf Colour Chart, Paddy, Site-Specific Nutrient Management, Wheat

ABSTRACT

The demonstrative experiments of proven technology of university to the farmers were conducted in 9 districts of Punjab. The significantly higher grain yield of paddy in the fields was recorded with N applied at the time of sowing and after matching the leaf with leaf color chart (LCC), then at with fixed N application in three equal splits at 0, 21 and 42 DAT. The use of nitrate solution to cotton at weekly intervals resulted in 206


significantly higher cotton seed yield as compared to the farmers’ practices. The significantly higher grain yield was obtained with three sprays of 0.5 % MnSO4 as compared with farmers’ practice. F-14 An Assessment of Framework-Based Soil Quality in a Long-Term Rice-Wheat Agro-Ecosystem of Semi-Arid Inceptisol

1Directorate

Debarati Bhaduri1*, T. J. Purakayastha2 of Groundnut Research, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat, 2Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Keywords : Soil Quality Index, Rice, Wheat, Tillage, Nutrient management

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was carried out to develop a valid soil quality index through some chosen indicators using expert-opinion based Conceptual Framework model. The long-term experiment consisted of two tillage treatments, three irrigation treatments, and nine nutrient treatments in a rice-wheat cropping system. After rice, CFSQI-P (productivity) was higher under puddled situation, whereas CFSQI-EP (environmental protection) was more under non-puddled condition and 3-days of drainage treatment was found promising for all indices. No-tillage and full organic or partial substitution with organic nutrient management obtained higher indices. Puddling, 3-days of drainage and FYM-addition in rice could be practiced for maintaining soil quality. No-tillage, two irrigations and domestic sewage sludge in wheat can safely be recommended for achieving higher soil quality. F-15 Ever Green Revolution through Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Watershed Basis in Bundelkhand Region in Central India Dev Narayan and S. P. Tiwari Central Soil & Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre, Datia 475661, Madhya Pradesh. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Crop productivity, Ground water, Soil and Water Conservation, Water availability,

Watershed management 207


ABSTRACT

The Bundelkhand region with a geographical area of 7.07 m ha in Central India is characterized with undulating terrain, scarce vegetation cover, hostile climate, lack of irrigation facilities and unfavorable edaphic conditions and is reported as one of the most deprived regions of the country. About 70% of the total area in the region has been affected by varying degree of erosion hazards. About 53% area comes under rainfed agriculture and crop intensity is about 111% in the region. The yield potential of crops is low and agriculture is not economically viable until scientific management of land and water is taken care of to have a self sustainable agriculture. The surface and ground water availability for drinking, agriculture and industrial purposes is very limited because of less numbers of perennial flow rivers and stony underground strata. Watershed projects undertaken in the region following the concept of participatory integrated watershed management have shown convincing results in increasing agricultural production, ground water recharge and minimizing erosion from arable and non-arable lands. The average crop productivity increased from 8.0 to 14.5 q ha -1 in Sheetalpur watershed, from 10.21 q ha-1 to 13.40 q ha -1 in terms of wheat equivalent yield in Bajni watershed, from 2424 to 2845 kg ha -1 of wheat in Garhkundar-Dabar watershed and from 6 q ha -1 to 39.9 q ha-1 in Tejpura watershed, due to adoption of soil and water conservation measures coupled with improved agro-techniques. The ever green revolution could be brought through adoption of suitable soil and water conservation measures on arable and nonarable lands following the concept of participatory integrated watershed management for minimizing land degradation, augmenting ground water recharge and enhancing crop productivity in Bundelkhand region in Central India. F-16 Performance of Maize Crop as Influenced by Foliar Spray of Sea Saps Dipak Kumar Kanchan1, Santosh Kumar Singh2*, S. T. Zodape3, 4 Arup Ghosh2 and Aradhna Kumari 1,2RAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, 3Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujrat, 364021, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Ganj Basoda, M.P., 446422. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Maize, Sea weeds sap, Foliar application, Yield parameters

208


ABSTRACT

An experiment was carried out at crop research centre Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (25.98090 N, 85.66718 E, elevation 54 m) to study the performance of two sea weed sap, one extracted from Kappaphycus spp. (K Sap) and another extracted from Gracillaria spp. (G Sap). The crop under study was autumn maize (var. 900 M Gold). The experiment was designed in RBD with 10 different treatments. The treatments comprised three foliar sprays of saps of T 1 2.5%, T2 5.0%, T3 10.0% and T4 15% of K sap, T5 2.5%, T6 5.0%, T7 10.0% and T8 15.0% of G sap, T9 7.5% of K and 7.5% of G sap and T10 water spray as control. The treatment consisted of foliar spray of sap at three growth stages of maize crop viz., knee high, tasseling and silking. Recommended dose of N: P: K: Zn @ 120:60:40:5 kg/ha were applied to all the treatments. Different treatments significantly influenced grain and straw yields. Yield attributing characters such as plant height, plant girth, cob length, cob diameter were significantly affected with the spray of saps. Plant canopy temperature, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading) and 100 grain weight were also superior as compared to control. The results indicated that among the two saps, K sap outperformed G Sap, although both saps significantly improved crop performance over control. The best treatment was T3 (10% K Sap) where maximum grain and stover yield of 72.9 t/ha and 89.3 t/ha was recorded respectively resulting in a yield advantage of 35.3 % and 34.7 % respectively. Plant height, plant girth, SPAD values, canopy temperature, cob length, cob diameter and 100 grain weight increased by 7.2%, 22.6%, 13.2%, 7.3%, 23.0%, 16.7% and 13.2% respectively as compared to control by spray of 10% K sap. Spraying of mixture of 7.5% K sap and 7.5% G sap (T9) was found to be significantly superior over 5% K sap (T 2) or 5% G sap (T 6) and was found at par with 10% K sap spray (T 3). F-17 Effect of Water Regime, Variety and Nitrogen on Yield and Economics of Summer Rice in the Lateritic Belt of West Bengal G. C. Malik and M. Banerjee* Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731236. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Growth, Productivity, Economics, Summer Rice, Water Regimes

209


ABSTRACT

A field experiment laid out in split plot design with three replications consisting of two water regimes and two varieties in the main plots and three levels of nitrogen in the subplot was conducted at Visva-Bharati, West Bengal. The results indicated that IR 36’ with recommended dose of nitrogen (120 kg N ha -1) under continuous saturation needs to be advocated for cultivation during boro (summer) season for improving productivity of the crop and increasing net return in lateritic belt of West Bengal. The crop grown under alternate drying and wetting condition with low nitrogen level (60 kg N ha-1) produced very low yield that ultimately paid very low return. F-18 Physico-chemical Properties of Some Soils of Tripura under Different Land-use Gautam Chel Department of Chemistry, M.B.B. College, Agartala 799004, Tripura, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Degraded Soil, Timber Plantation, Physico-Chemical Properties, Carbon-

Sequestration, Tripura ABSTRACT

The soils of Tripura are predominantly red-lateritic in nature and sandy-clay loam or clay loam in texture. In natural forests, different types of secondary and timber plantations viz. natural rubber, bamboo, teak, gamir, sal and various types of orchards are also grown gainfully in these soils. However, due to shifting cultivation these soils were degraded. In this backdrop, the present work was undertaken to see the influence of timber and secondary forest plantation on soil properties in sub-tropical Tripura. Soil samples were collected under three plantations viz. gamir, sal and bamboo from surface layer (0-30 cm depth). The ages of the plantations were about 25 and 40 years. Soils from adjacent fallow land were also collected for comparison. The result showed that both bulk density and particle density of soils under all the plantations were decreased with age in comparison to fallow land. Porosity of soils under these plantations was increased from 53.2% to 58.3% and it was more conspicuous under bamboo plantation. The pH of the soils ranged from 5.1-6.1 and it was not significantly changed over time. A significant 210


increase in soil organic carbon and mineralizable nitrogen content were observed under all the plantations and it was again highest under bamboo plantation indicating higher accumulation of organic matter underneath of plants. C/N Ratio of soils under these plantations became close to 10 from 15 over time suggesting equilibrium had reached between organic carbon and nitrogen. Total carbon contents of soils under all the plantations were significantly increased and it varied from 38.5-74.8 mt/ha. An overall improvement in physical and chemical properties of soils under degraded land in Tripura was observed due to high value timber plantation/secondary forest which could also effectively off-set the increased carbon concentration in air through sequestration. F-19 Biomass and Carbon Sequestration in a Foothill Forest of Eastern Himalayas Gopal Shukla* and Sumit Chakravarty Department of Forestry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya Pundibari-736165, Cooch Behar, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Chilapatta Reserve Forest, Biomass, Carbon sequestration

ABSTRACT

Carbon pool of a forest can be estimated by its biomass storage. A study was undertaken during April 2007 to March 2009 at Chilapatta Reserve Forest in Duars region of West Bengal to document its biomass and carbon storage. The basal area of trees 2

-1

species the 522.91 forest ranged m accumulated ha . The total area Mg of trees estimatedin was m2 ha-1from . The 0.25-41.60 total biomass wasbasal 1995.98 ha -1. Almost all this biomass was contributed by the trees. The total carbon storage in the soil was 75.83 Mgha-1 while the total carbon pool of the forest in its soil, live and organic biomass was 973.65 Mgha-1. The biomass and carbon storage of different life form along with the contributions of different plant organs were also estimated. Drawing CO2 out of air and sequestering it into biomass is the only known practical way to remove large volume of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Thus Chilapatta Reserve Forest is playing a multiple and significant role in regulating atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. 211


F-20 Development of Coastal Wetland through Rice–Fish Integration System: A Case Study from Orissa State Gouranga Kar and Ashwani Kumar Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, PIN–751023, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Rainfall, Flood, Wetlands, Coastal Region, Deep Water Rice, Pond Based Farming

ABSTRACT

Traditionally, local farmers of coastal waterlogged areas of eastern region plough the agricultural field twice or thrice before June with the help of pre-monsoon shower and broadcast dry seeds of local rice varieties of long duration (150 days) in the first week of June. But chances of profitable crop production depend upon the time and depth of flooding/waterlogging. Waterlogging during rainy season for most part of the crop growth reduces tillering and growth of the normal rice genotype. As a case study, development and management strategies of seasonal waterelogged coastal areas of Puri district of Odisha were developed through deep water rice cultivation, pond based farming and multiple use of water. Based on the rainfall-runoff relationship it was observed that flooding was highly dependant on rainfall in the catchments and rice yield production was highly influenced by time of flooding. Among 3 study years (2005, 2006, 2007), no yield was obtained in 2006 due to occurrence of early flood (1st week of July). Performance of improved deep water rice varieties (‘Hangseswari’, ‘Sabita’, ‘Ambika’, ‘Saraswati’) was compared with that of two local varieties (‘Bankui’ and ‘Dhalakaritk’) under 3 flooding depths. The net water productivity was enhanced from Rs. 1.22/m3 through sole rice to Rs. 6.26/m3 through integrated rice-fish pond based farming. F-21 Effect of Hydrogel on Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Pearl millet (Penn isetum glaucum) Production Harphool Singh Agricultural Research Station, S. K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Fatehpur-Shekhawati, Sikar (Raj.)-332001, India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Pearl millet, Hydrogel and Water use efficiency

212


ABSTRACT

The field experiment was conducted at on “effect of hydrogel on yield and water use efficiency in pearl millet production. Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur-Shekhawati in three consecutive rainy (kharif) seasons (2006-2008). The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam, low in available nitrogen (168 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (21 kg/ha) and high in available potash (301 kg/ha) with 0.46 per cent organic carbon content and alkaline (pH 8.2) in reaction.. Seed soaking in water, Thiourea (500 ppm) and DMSO (100 ppm) was done for 5-6 hours and then dried in shade and treated with hydrogel before sowing. Pearl millet variety ICMH-356 was sown in 45 cm row spacing and recommended dose of fertilizers and other cultivation practices were adopted. The rainfall received during the growing period (June to September) was 200.8 mm in 2006, 324.8 mm in 2007 and 498.2 mm in 2008. Seasonal consumptive use of water by the crop for the entire growing season was estimated from total soil-moisture depletion by soil-moisture determination crop yield attributes viz. effective tillers/plant, ear length, grain weight/ earhead and test weight were significantly influenced by seed treatment with hydrogel The maximum increase in number of effective tillers per plant, ear length grain weight/ earhead and test weight were observed with seed coating by 20 gm hydrogel + TU + DMSO followed by 20 gm hydrogel and 10 gm hydrogel + TU + DMSO per kg seed and were found significantly superior over control though the differences among the hydrogel levels were non significant. The grain and stover yields were also significantly influenced by the hydrogel application. The highest increased in grain yield was noted with seed coating 20 gm hydrogel + TU + DMSO followed by 20 gm hydrogel, 10 gm hydrogel + TU + DMSO and 10 gm hydrogel per kg over untreated control. The respective increase was of the order of 23.30, 19.56, 17.10 and 11.79 per cent over control. Likewise, the maximum stover yield was observed with 20 gm hydrogel + TU + DMSO followed by 20 gm hydrogel and 10 gm hydrogel + TU + DMSO per kg over untreated control. The maximum water-use efficiency (WUE) quantity was noted with seed coating 20 gm hydrogel + TU + DMSO followed by 20 gm hydrogel, 10 gm hydrogel + TU + DMSO and 10 gm hydrogel per kg over untreated control. 213


F-22 Inclusion of Summer Mungbean in Cereal Based Production Systems for Long-Term Sustainability and Soil Health

*1,2Indian

K. K. Hazra1*, M. S. Venkatesh2 and P. K. Ghosh3 institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024, Uttar Pradesh; 3Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Keywords : Mungbean, Soil health, Cropping system, Sustainability

ABSTRACT

Inclusion of pulses in cereal based cropping systems has been recommended for system sustainability and soil health. Under irrigated production system of Indo-gangetic plain zones of India, inclusion of summer mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in rice-wheat and maize-wheat system not only increased the system productivity but also significantly increased the yield of component crops (rice -356 kg/ha; wheat-394 kg/ha; maize- 653 kg/ha) after eight years of cropping cycles. The increase in the yield of the component crops upon inclusion of mungbean was mainly attributed to improvement in soil quality. The significant increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fraction ( Cfrac1, Cfrac2, Cfrac3 and Cfrac4), soil microbial biomass carbon and soil available nutrients (N, P, and K) was noticed. Rice-wheat-mungbean and maize-wheat-mungbean with higher annual vegetation cover and carbon input, sequestered higher SOC both under organic (all crop residues incorporation +FYM+Biofertilizers) and inorganic (recommended NPKSZnB) production system compared to conventional R-W and M-W system. F-23 Tillage Influence on Soil Aggregation, Organic Carbon Content and Its Distribution in Aggregate Size Fractions K. M. Hati*, A. K. Indoria, R. K. Singh, J. Somasundaram and R. S. Chaudhary Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462038, M. P. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Conservation tillage, Wheat, Soil organic carbon, Soil Aggregation, Vertisol

214


ABSTRACT

Excessive disturbance of the top soil through intensive tillage operations and removal of residues in conventional tillage systems result in breakdown of soil structure, accelerated oxidation and consequent reduction in soil organic carbon content. While in conservation tillage system crop residues are retained and tillage operations are kept at bare minimum which generally stimulates sequestration of carbon in the soil. But, information on the physical mechanism of carbon stabilization under conservation tillage in Vertisols is meagre. This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term impact of conservation tillage with differential nitrogen levels on soil aggregation and compartmentalization of SOC in different aggregate size classes after eleven crop cycles of soybean and wheat system. The percent distribution of macro-aggregates (>250µm) was significantly higher in conservation tillage which includes no tillage (NT) and reduced tillage (RT) treatments in comparison with conventional tillage (CT) treatment at 0-5 and 5-15cm depth. However, the difference was not significant at 15-30-cm depth. On the other side, the per cent micro-aggregate (53-250µm) fractions in NT and RT treatments were significantly lower than the CT treatment at all the three depths, suggesting that more macro-aggregates are formed from these micro-aggregates in conservation tillage system with input of residues and reduction of tillage operations. In all treatments and depths, maximum soil was retained in small macro-aggregates fraction (250-2000µm) suggesting that small macroaggregates in this soil are relatively stable. The SOC in different aggregate size classes decreased with decreasing size classes in all treatments and soil depths. The SOC of large macro-aggregates at all soil depths and small macro-aggregates in 0-5 and 5-15cm soil depth was significantly higher in NT and RT than in CT, indicating an increase of SOC in macro-aggregates in NT and RT. At surface 0-5 cm depth, maximum SOC was found in NT followed by RT and mould board tillage (MB) and minimum SOC was recorded in CT owing to higher residue input in NT, RT and MB than CT. Further the residue decomposition was less in NT than RT and MB owing to contrasting microclimate in NT compared with RT and MB. At 5-15 and 15-30cm depths, the difference in SOC contents of NT, RT and MB was not significant, but the SOC content in these treatments were significantly higher than that of CT. The SOC increased significantly with N levels at 05cm depth. The SOC values were not different at N50% and N100% but they were significantly lower than N150% at 5-15cm depth. Our study clearly indicated that adoption of conservation tillage promoted formation of macro-aggregates from micro-aggregates, 215


increased total soil organic carbon content and stabilized more soil carbon by capturing them inside aggregates and consequently decreasing their decomposition rate by physically occluding them from microbial attack. F-24 Yield and NPK Uptake in Vegetable Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata Influenced by Plant Densities and Phosphorus Levels

l.) as

K. Ravi Kumar*, V. Sudha Vani, K. Uma Jyothi and K. Sasikala College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem - 534 101, Andhra Pradesh, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Uptake of Nitrogen & Phosphorus, Protein content, Plant density, Phosphorus

Level, Vegetable Cowpea ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem to study the effect of plant densities and phosphorus levels on the growth, yield and its attributes of vegetable cowpea. The higher plant density of 74,074 plants/ha recorded significantly higher uptake of nitrogen (129.87 kg/ha), phosphorus (34.01 kg/ha), potassium (89.02 kg/ha) and higher protein content (21.48 %). The uptake of N (132.24 kg/ha), P (35.65 kg/ha), K (89.90 kg/ha) and protein content (22.96 %) were increased with increasing the phosphorus levels % thus indicating 60 kg P 2O5/ha could be the optimum dose for vegetable cowpea. The interaction effect of plant density level of 74,074 plants/ ha and phosphorus @ 60 kg P2O5 was also significantly superior to the other treatmental combinations with regards to the protein content and NPK uptake. The increase in NPK uptake was mainly attributed to higher pod yield/ha. F-25 Improved Planting Technique Saves Irrigation Water and Enhances Water Use Efficiency of Potato K. G. Mandal*, A. K. Thakur, S. Mohantyand Ashwani Kumar Directorate of Water Management (ICAR), Bhubaneswar-751 023, Odisha. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Keywords : Irrigation, Potato, Planting technique

216


ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted to study different planting methods for saving of irrigation water and enhancing WUE of potato during 2008-11 at the DWM Research Farm, Mendhasal, Odisha. The design of the experiment was split-plot with three replication. Three planting techniques: S1, normal planting at 50 x 15 cm spacing (planting in 50 x 15 cm spacing and making ridges in the crop row after emergence; furrow spacing 50 cm), S2, paired row planting at 75 x 20 cm spacing (planting of 2 rows at 25 cm spacing, and making of 1 ridge with 2 rows; furrow spacing 75 cm), and S 3, paired row planting at 100 x 15 cm spacing (planting of 2 rows at 50 cm spacing and making of 1 ridge with 2 rows; furrow spacing 100 cm) were superimposed on four main plot treatments viz. two (I1), three (I2), four (I3) & five (I4) irrigations. Pooled data of three years revealed that -1fresh tuber yield of potato in S 1 (15.09 t ha -1) was statistically at parwith S2 (14.78 t ha ), and both S1 and S2 was significantly greater than S 3 (12.71 t ha 1). Thus tuber yield in paired row method was not reduced significantly; highest tuber yield was recorded with I4, and it was similar with I 3. The lowest yield was obtained in I 1. The irrigation water depth decreased in S 2 (17.73 cm) and S3 (15.21 cm) compared to S1 (22.49 cm), hence a significant reduction in irrigation water requirement occurred by 21 and 32% in S2 and S3, respectively compared to S1. The increase in ET with higher irrigation levels (I4) decreased the crop WUE because of not recording commensurate increase in tuber yield; the irrigation treatment for WUE was significant. However, the efficient planting techniques, S2 (44.11) significantly enhanced the crop WUE when compared to S1 (40.75) and S3 (41.07 kg tuber per ha mm water). Thus, saving of water and enhancing water use efficiency of potato could be achieved through improved planting techniques. F-26 Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Sources on Growth, Yield and Input Use Efficiency of Soybean in a Sandy Loam Soil K. K. Bandyopadhyay*, S. Pradhan, R. Singh, A. K. Sutradhar and D. K. Joshi Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Soybean, Water Use Efficiency, Nitrogen use efficiency, Biomass partitioning

217


ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted on a Typic Haplustept at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during kharif, 2010-11 in a split plot design with four levels of irrigation (Rainfed, One irrigation, two irrigations, three irrigations at critical growth stages in the absence of rainfall) and three nitrogen management strategies (urea, urea + farmyard manure and farmyard manure) in soybean (cv Pusa 9814) for improving input use efficiency under soybean-wheat system. It was observed that with the increase in the irrigation levels, partitioning of photosynthates towards pod decreased and the root length density at 0-15 cm was minimum at highest irrigation level. Among the nitrogen sources, integrated use of urea and farmyard manure resulted in maximum partitioning of photosynthates towards pod and higher root length density in 0-15 cm soil layer. There was decline in grain yield but increase in the biomass yield of soybean with increase in the irrigation levels. Among the nutrient sources the maximum grain yield and biomass yield of soybean was obtained with the integrated use of urea and farmyard manure. The water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of N followed the trend similar to the grain yield of soybean. Thus from this study it may be concluded that soybean may be grown under rainfed condition or with one irrigation at pod formation stage and with integrated use of urea and farmyard manure to achieve higher yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency in sandy loam soils of Delhi region. F-27 Impact of Fertilizer Types and Doses on Root Growth, Yield, Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economics of Cauliflower in Recent Alluvium of Gangetic Plain K. Rajan1* and A. Abdul Haris2 Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Fernhill (PO), Udhagamandalam-643004, The Nilgiris, TN, 2ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, P.O.-B.V.College, Patna-800014, Bihar. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 1Central

Keywords : Fertigation, Fertilizer types, Cauliflower, Root growth, Yield and economics

ABSTRACT

In a field experiment conducted at Patna (ICAR RCER) to study the effects of different types of fertilizers and doses on root growth, yield, fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) 218


and the economics of cauliflower in the recent alluvium of under fertigation. Conventional fertilizers (CF), Solid Soluble Fertilizers (SSF) and Liquid Fertilizers (LF) and three doses of 50%, 75% and 100 % were tested with recommended doses of 120:80:80 N P K/ ha. Root length was found highest in CF + LF (202 %) followed by CR + SSF (172 %) compared to CF and similar trend was observed in root surface. Highest curd yield of 39 t ha-1 was recorded with the fertigation through CF + LF and the lowest yield with CF alone (38 t ha-1). Significant fertilizer use efficiency was observed in 50% (2.78 Q kg -1 NPK) dose to 100%. B:C ratio was significantly highest in CF alone in main plot (2.01) and 50% dose (1.63) application which was 2.28 and 1.24 times higher than CF + LF and 100% doses respectively. F-28 Seed Priming and Foliar Nutrition towards Enhancing Lathyrus Productivity under Rice-Utera System M. K. Bhowmick Rice Research Station (Govt. of W. B.), Chinsurah (R.S.) 712 102, Hooghly, West Bengal, India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Foliar Nutrition, Lathyrus Productivity, Rice-Fallows, Seed Priming, Utera System

ABSTRACT

A field study was conducted at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Sub-station, Beldanga, Murshidabad, West Bengal during rabi, 2006-07 and 2007-08 to evaluate low-cost technologies (seed priming and foliar nutrition) for enhancing lathyrus productivity under rice-utera system. Use of sprouted seeds could significantly produce the highest seed yield (1111.00 kg ha-1) and was followed by seed soaking in 2% KH2PO4 solution (1047.10 kg ha-1). Regardless of seed priming, foliar spray of 2% urea and 2% DAP (twice) recorded higher seed yields of 1113.75 and 1079.29 kg ha-1, respectively, owing to improvement in crop growth and yield attributes. 219


F-29 Crop Geometric Studies for Growing New Mungbean Genotypes in West Bengal M. K. Bhowmick Rice Research Station (Govt. of W. B.), Chinsurah (R. S.) 712 102, Hooghly, West Bengal, India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Crop geometry, Mungbean Genotypes, Optimum spacing, Seed yield

ABSTRACT

Field studies were conducted at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Sub-station, Beldanga, Murshidabad, West Bengal during pre-kharif, 2004 and 2005 to optimize spacing requirements for growing new mungbean genotypes viz. WBM 4-34-1-1 (Bireshwar) and WBM 29 (Sukumar) in West Bengal. Though the genotype WBM 29 significantly yielded the highest (906.83 kg ha-1) in 75 days and was followed by WBM 4-34-1-1 (800.06 kg ha-1), the latter matured earlier (in 65 days) than the others including B 1 (state check) and PDM 54 (national check). All these genotypes could yield higher at an optimum spacing of 25 cm x 10 cm (818.54 kg ha -1) as compared with 20 cm x 10 cm (789.71 kg ha-1) and 30 cm x 10 cm (763.50 kg ha -1). F-30 Effect of Intercropping on Maize (Zea mays) With Legumes during Kharif Season under Red and Lateritic Tract of West Bengal M. K. Mandal*, M. Banerjee, H. Banerjee, A. Alipatra and G. C. Malik Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731236. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Chlorophyll, Groundnut, Intercropping, Maize, Nutrient uptake, Soybean, Yield

ABSTRACT

Field experiment was undertaken during kharif season of 2010 and 2011 at Sriniketan Research Farm, Visva-Bharati, West Bengal. The grain and stover yield of maize were significantly higher in pure crop than intercropping systems, while the cob yield was highest in maize + soybean (1 : 2) and statistically at par with yield of sole 220


maize. Groundnut out-yielded soybean with respect to grain yield and was higher in maize + groundnut (1 : 2). Further, maize + groundnut (2 : 4) gave higher net return followed by maize + groundnut (1 : 2). Thus under red and lateritic tracts groundnut can be intercropped with maize for economic gain. F-31 Productivity of Maize -Chickpea Cropping System under Permanent Raised Bed

1,2Indian

M. K. Singh1*, Narendra Kumar2 and P. K. Ghosh3 Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024, India, 3Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi-284003, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Pulses, Raised bed planting, Cropping system

ABSTRACT

The performance of maize-chickpea cropping system was studied under permanent raised bed system, as it saves substantial amount of diesel, irrigation water and other agricultural inputs. The raised bed of 75 cm width was prepared during Kharif season with tractor drawn raised bed planter and maize was sown. During Rabi season, after reshaping with same raised bed maker, rainfed chickpea was grown. The highest chickpea equivalent yield (3568 kg/ha) was obtained in maize - chickpea + spinach followed by maize - chickpea + fenugreek (3513 kg/ha) and lowest in maize-chickpea system. The maize stalk mulch helped in suppressing the weeds. F-32 Estimation of Photo-Thermal Requirements of Mulberry for Raising Future Population with Plasticity Monica Chaudhuri (nee Mukhopadhyay)*, Elfrida Khyriem and B. B. Bindroo Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Berhampore, India 742101. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Mulberry, Photothermal unit, Heliothermal unit, Phenothermal Index,

Heat use efficiency 221


ABSTRACT

Mulberry, an important commercial crop thrives in tropical and temperate countries. Its foliage serves as exclusive food for the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Periodical foliage harvest is a heavy stress on mulberry. Quick regeneration, vigorous growth and yield for longer duration are culmination of many temporal plant processes and affected by photothermal responses. The paper embodies the first ever comprehensive report on estimates of Photothermal and Heliothermal Units, Phenothermal index and Heat Use Efficiency with respect to the phasic duration and foliage yield of mulberry varieties. The differential response to photothermal requirement is expected to open up vista for raising population of mulberry for better plasticity in future. F-33 Spatial Spread and Structural Change of Groundwater Markets and Irrigation Services in India : An Inter-Regional Analysis Mukesh Kr. Sinha Directorate of Water Management, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023 Orissa, India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Water markets, Irrigation services, Spread and scale

ABSTRACT

Study conducted to assess scale and spread of water markets and irrigation services in India. NSS data used for analysis indicated that area irrigated through pump irrigation services has increased from 1.0 million ha to 20.0 million ha. Further, there are 21 million pump owners and another 24 million farmers who report hiring of irrigation services. Of these, there are some 11 million electric pumps which service at least 12–13 million buyers. This means that the benefit of electricity subsidy percolates to 23–24 million farmers in India, Thus, the role played by hired irrigation services and groundwater markets needs attention, and will also go a long way in sustainable management of groundwater resources. 222


F-34 Boost Rice-Fallows Chickpea Production System in India through Suitable Soil Moisture Conservation Practices Narendra Kumar*, P. K. Ghosh, M. K. Singh, K. K. Hazra and M. S. Venkatesh Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024 (India). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Mulch, Rice fallow, Soil moisture conservation, Tillage

ABSTRACT

In India about 11.7 m ha rice fallow area exists, of which 82% lies in the Eastern and North Eastern states. Pulses like lentil, chickpea, mung bean and urd bean may prove as ideal crops to explore the rice fallow areas. A number of abiotic factors related to soil and water lead to low or stagnated pulse production in rice fallows during past several years. An attempt was made to study the effect of soil moisture conservation practices on chickpea productivity in rice fallows. Significant variations in yield were recorded due to moisture conservation practices used under the study. In general, zero tillage with mulching is superior to conventional tillage and recorded 23-28% higher yield of chickpea. Zero tillage + dibbling sowing + mulching (1660 kg/ha) recorded highest chickpea yield followed by zero-till drill sowing + mulching (1589 kg/ha) over conventional method (1295 kg/ha). Similarly, higher yield was observed under zero till + rice straw mulching over zero-till drill system without mulching. Standing rice residue also performed at par to mulching. The highest relative water content (72.4%) at flowering stage was also recorded in zero tillage + dibbling sowing + mulching followed by zero-till drill sowing + mulching (69%) and lowest under conventional practice (61.2%). Thus, for realising higher yield of pulses in rice fallows under zero tillage, soil moisture conservation practices like mulching and standing residue may be practice.

223


F-35 Resilient Mustard Production System for Semi-Arids through Organic Amendments O. P. Premi*, B. K. Kandpal, S. S. Rathore and Kapila Sekhawat Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 321 303, India, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Mustard, Organic, Productivity

ABSTRACT

The continued conventional practices deteriorated soil health and factor productivity resulting stagnated mustard yield and higher cost of production in fragile dry semi-arids of Rajasthan. A paradigm shift by use of organics could reverse the trend and make the system resilient and sustainable. The six years study on the use of organics on mustard confirms the hypothesis. The mustard productivity in organic farming (green manuring + vermicompost + mustard straw recycling) superseded conventional system in the fifth year. The weather abrasions caused 17.8% lower yield drop at organic than conventional system. The improvement in bulk density ( 1.54 to 1.32 mg/m 3, infiltration rate (5.8mm to 8.3 mm/hr) and SOC (2.5 to 3.7g/kg) due to organic system indicate its high resilience level. F-36 Comparison of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with Traditional Methods for Rice Productivity P. Deb Roy*, T. Mitran, Durgesh kumar Singh, B. N Saha and Biswapati Mandal Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, W. B. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : SRI, Conventional method, Photosynthetic rate, Root biomass, Seed yield

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different rice varieties managed under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and conventional method of cultivation. Five rice varieties were selected for this study viz. KRH 2, IR 64, SATABDI, 224


MTU 1010 and GB 1. The study revealed that all the varieties perform well under conventional method of cultivation than under the SRI in terms of effective tiller/m 2 and seed yield. Highest seed yield in SRI method was obtained in MTU 1010 (4.30 t/ha) followed by KRH 2 (4.26 t/ha) while in conventional method in GB 1 (4.76 t/ha) followed by KRH 2 (4.42 t/ha). Net Photosynthetic rate and root biomass were measured to validate our findings. No significant differences were observed between SRI and Conventional methods of rice cultivation. Besides, high labour requirement in SRI for weeding make it costly than conventional method for cultivation of rice. F-37 Integrated Approach towards Rainwater Harvesting in a Farm at IARI, New Delhi P. Mookerjee and N. V. K. Chakravarty Nuclear Research Laboratory (Retd.), Agril. Physics, IARI, New Delhi Keywords : Rain water harvesting, Groundwater Quality, Conservation,

ABSTRACT

A study has been carried to work out effective rain water harvesting in a farm at IARI, which is based on the study of the rainfall pattern during the last 35 years and the study of single day rainfall events which were likely to produce run-off available for harvesting. The study was carried during the years 2008- 2010. On an average, about 56.3 ha-meter of water is available as run-off at the IARI farms. This information prompts for Rainwater Harvesting and conveys the message that every year we lose a good amount of fresh water which goes waste into the drain. It was observed that there is a natural slope from north-eastern side towards south-western area. It is therefore imperative that there will be tendency of natural flow of the run-off towards the south-western side. Taking into consideration the positions of already existing drainage channels and the sites which were at relatively lower altitude and which were near to those channels, a site was identified for making of a recharge pond. Also, since ground water quality beneath this site was found to be within acceptable limit, it is suggested to make at least one recharge shaft in order to artificially recharge the aquifer. This will facilitate recharging large volume of water available due to short duration high intensity rains. 225


F-38 Studies on Response of Wheat Under No Till Conditions Succeeding Rice to Time of Nitrogen Application in Relation to Dose of Herbicide Pawan Kumar Sharma

Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004. India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Wheat, Nitrogen application, Herbicide

ABSTRACT

Field experiment was conducted for two years to study the response of wheat under no till conditions succeeding rice to time of nitrogen application in relation to dose of herbicide. Results revealed that application of nitrogen in three splits proved better than two splits. Application of third split of nitrogen coincided with herbicide application which enhanced the herbicide use efficiency. Weed dry matter at harvest was significantly higher with two splits of nitrogen than its application in three splits. F-39 Evaluation of Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology as an Effective, Comprehensive & Economical Method for Organic Vegetable Cultivation taking Tomato as a Test Crop

1,2Inhana

R. Bera1, A. Dutta2 and K. Sengupta3 Organic Research Foundation (IORF), West Bengal, India, 3Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Organic, Inhana Rational Farming, Tomato

ABSTRACT

The effectivity of Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) was critically evaluated in two different agro-ecological zones viz. hot moist sub humid zone (15.1) with alluvial soil (at University Farm of BCKV, W.B.) and dry sub-humid zone (12.3) with red and laterite soil (at Farmers’ field, Bankura, W.B.) during 2008-2009 taking tomato (variety : Rituraj) as the test crop. The experiment was laid down as per randomized block design (RBD) with 7 treatments replicated 4 times. The treatments included local farming practice with chemical inputs and Inhana Rational Farming Technology (IRF) of Inhana Biosciences 226


with varying dose of Novcom compost. The most significant finding was that crop performance under standard IRF Package (Novcom compost @ 4 ton/ bigha and recommended solution sprays for plant management under IRF) was 23.2 and 19.7 percent higher than that of Chemical Practice in both the study areas respectively. The net income in case of Standard IRF package was also higher by Rs. 6933/- and Rs. 3280/ - per ha respectively as compared to its chemical counterpart. Soil analysis after crop harvest indicated an increasing trend of soil fertility especially in terms of soil microbial population in the plots receiving Novcom compost as compared to the chemically treated plots. The higher crop response in the IRF plots might be due to their better soil-plant nutrient dynamics. The study indicate that an energized plant and soil system as achieved under IRF through the application of Novcom compost and various energized botanical solutions for plant management, can exhibit better crop performance at an economical cost as compared to conventional chemical practice. F-40 Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Fertility and Yield of Greengram (Vigna radiata l.) Grown in Ragi-Berseem- Greengram Cropping Sequence in an Acid Soil

1AICRP

R. K. Patra*, Pramod Kumar Das and S. K. Pattanayak on Post Harvest Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar-751 003, 2,3Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003. Keywords : Greengram, Integrated Nutrient Management, Acid Soil

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was laid out during 2011-12 in a randomised block design comprising of eight treatments to study the influence of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of green gram cv. PDM-139 in Ragi- Berseem- Green gram cropping sequence in an acid soil (pH 5.4). The soil was sandy in texture, low in available N, very high in available P, low in available K and low in available S. The highest grain yield 1160 kgha-1 was recorded in NPK and liming along with FYM plication and Rhizobium inoculation followed closely by NPK and liming along with vermicompost application and Rhizobium inoculation. The highest protein content in the seed (25.8%) was observed both in the treatments having NPK + vermicompost with or without Rhizobium inoculation. The 227


highest uptake (82.3 kg N, 16.3 kg P, and 93.1 kg K ha-1) and the highest nutrient use efficiency (N 42.0%, P 95.4% and K 25.2%) were reported NPK and liming along with FYM application and Rhizobium inoculation. The maximum recycling of 23.7 kg N and 70.5kg K ha-1 in case of NPK+FYM+R+Lime treatment and 7.5kg P ha-1 in case of NPK+VC+R+Lime treatment were observed. The soil pH after the two crops of ragi and berseem in the different treatments increased over the initial pH of 5.4 by 0.28 to 0.58 units. The increasing trend in pH was also observed after the green gram crop in almost all the treatments. NPK and FYM with Rhizobium inoculation and liming recorded highest values o 118 kg per hectare and similarly NPK and FYM with Rhizobium inoculation recorded the highest values of 213 kg/ha K in the soil after harvest of green gram. The highest gross income of Rs 40600/ha with a BCR value of 2.96 were observed in NPK + liming along with FYM and rhizobial inoculation followed closely by NPK + liming along with vermicompost and rhizobial inoculation. Finally, it may be concluded that there was a yield gain of 75 per cent in the green gram crop with soil test based inorganic nutrient application over absolute control. Organic integration further increased the yield by 21 per cent over the inorganic nutrient. Seed inoculation with Rhizobium and treatment with Mo increased the yield by another 33 per cent. Acid soil amelioration increased the seed yield by 24 per cent. F-41 Effect of Organic Farming and Integrated Weed Management on Yield, Yield Contributing Characters and Quality of Satawar ( Asparagus r acemosus) R. K. Upadhyay

Vigyan Prasar (D.S.T.) A-50, Institutional Area, Sector - 62, Noida. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Satawar (Asparagus racemosus), Organic farming, Integrated Weed Management

ABSTRACT

Satawar (Asparagus racemosus) is a woody climber which grows to a height 0.90 to 2.50 meter and belongs to the family Liliaceae. A multiplication field experiment was conducted of farmers field Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (U.P) and at Faizabad in the gangetic alluvium of eastern Uttar Pradesh during 2009-10. 228


The main objective of the experiment was to ascertain the response of farm yard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), inorganic input and integrated weed management on yield and yield contributing characters of Satawar ( Asparagus racemosus)..The field experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replication keeping five treatments as Organic input first factor viz., T1-control, T2-Chemical fertilizer @ 120:60:60 kg NPK ha-1, T3-FYM @ 15 t ha-1 , T4- Vermicompost @ 6 t ha -1 and T5-40:20:20 kg NPK ha -1+ FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + VC @ 2 t ha-1 and four treatment of weed management as a second factor viz., W 1-control, W2- Hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 day after transplanting (DAT), W3-Pendimethalin @ 1 liter a.i. ha-1 pre emergence and W4-Hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 + Pendimethalin @ 1 liter a.i. ha -1 as pre emergence. The total treatment combinations were 20 with three replications. The treatment T 5W4 (40:20:20 kg NPK ha-1+ FYM @ 5 t ha -1 + VC @ 2 t ha -1 and Hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 day + Pendimethalin @ 1 liter a.i. ha-1 as pre emergence) resulted in significantly highest plant height, no. of branches per plants and yield of shatawar as compared to others and the lowest plant height was recorded in T1W1 (control) . The data further revealed that significantly lowest weed population (18 m -2) was in T1W4 (40:20:20 kg NPK ha-1+ FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + VC @ 2 t ha-1 and Hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 + Pendimethalin @ 1 liter a.i. ha-1 as pre emergence) as compared to other treatments except T 2W4, T4W4, T3W4 and T5W4 i.e. the weed population under which was found to be at par with T 1W4. It was further evident from the data that the highest weed control efficiency (92.34%) was recorded in T1W4 (40:20:20 kg NPK ha-1+ FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + VC @ 2 t ha-1 and Hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 + Pendimethalin @ 1 liter a.i. ha-1 as pre emergence) and it was at par with T2W4, T4W4, T3W4, T5W4, T5W2 and, T 3W2 as compared to other treatments. F-42 Jatropha Plantation for Simultaneous Waste Land Reclamation Fuel Production and Socio-Economic Development in Degraded Areas in India R. S. Sengar* and Reshu Chaudhary Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut–250110, U.P., India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Jatropha curcas, Biodiesel, Wasteland, Fuel Production

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ABSTRACT

Jatropha curcas is a tropical plant can be grown in low to high rainfall areas either in the farms as a commercial crop or on the boundaries as a hedge to protect field from grazing animals and to prevent erosion. It produces seeds are known to thrive on eroded lands and require only limited amount of water, nutrients and capital inputs. This is a multipurpose drought resistant perennial plant belonging to Euphorbeacae family and gaining importance for the production of biodiesel. Jatropha can help increase rural income self sustainability and alleviate poverty is tribal communities and small farmers. It can help to increase income from plantation and agro industries. This plant offers the option both to cultivate wastelands and to produce vegetable oil suitable for to biodiesel. More versatile than hydrogen and new propulsion systems such as fuel cell technology,

biodiesel can be used in today’s vehicle fleets worldwide and may also offer a viable path to sustainable transportation, i.e. lower greenhouse gas emissions and enhanced mobility even in remote areas. Mitigation of global warming and the creation of new regional employment opportunities can be important cornerstones of any forward looking transportation system for emerging economies. F-43 Effect of graded doses of phosphorus on forage yield and quality of cowpea varieties under semi-arid conditions R. S. Sheoran* and S. K. Dhanda CCS HAU Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sadalpur (Hisar) Haryana. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Cowpea, Varieties, Phosphorus, Forage Yield, Crude protein

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out at the Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif season of 2008-09 to evaluate the comparative performance of promising varieties of cowpea for forage yield and quality. The treatment combinations included six varieties viz. UPC 626, UPC 628, UPC 629, UPC 4200, Bundel Lobia-1 and UPC 9202 and three levels of phosphorus viz. 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5/ha. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, low in organic carbon poor in available nitrogen medium in available phosphorous and rich in 230


available potassium. variety Bundel Lobia-1 performed significantly better than other varieties for herbage yield except varieties UPC 628 and UPC 4200 which were found statistically at par. It gave 41.0, 12.2 and 17.0 per cent higher green fodder yield than UPC 626, UPC 629 and UPC 9202 where as the corresponding values for dry matter yield were 49.5, 22.2 and 30.4 per cent, respectively. Likewise, the variety Bundel Lobia1 resulted in the highest crude protein content (14.9%) and crude protein yield (8.3 q/ha). The increasing rates of applied phosphorus upto 60 kg P 2O5/ha significantly increased the green as well as dry matter yields over 40 kg P2O5/ha. Further application of 80 kg P2O5/ ha could not bring any significant improvement in herbage yield. An increase of 14.4 and 1.6 per cent in green fodder and 20.9 and 1.0 per cent in dry matter yield was observed with the application of 80 kg P2O5/ha over 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha, respectively. The increasing levels of phosphorus also improved the crude protein content and crude protein yield over the lower doses. F-44 Influence of Tillage and Weed Control Practices on Weed Growth and Yield of Wheat in Rice-Wheat System Raghavendra Singh, K. B. Anand and P. K. Bisen Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi 221 002 Keywords : Tillage, Weed, Herbicide, Rice and Wheat

ABSTRACT

A Field experiment was conducted during two consecutive winter seasons on sandy clay loam (Usiocrepis) soil at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi, to study the effect of tillage and weed control practices on weed growth and yield of wheat in rice—wheat system. Tillage is one of the most important factor which influence the t ype of weed flora in wheat crop and different tillage practices exhibited significant variation on relative composition of weed flora. Weed density and dry matter production was significantly less in conventional tillage as compared to the reduced and zero tillage. Herbicide application significantly reduced the weed density and its dry matter production as compared to weedy check. Amongst different herbicide sulfosulfuron produced significantly lower weed density and total dry 231


matter production of weeds. All the herbicides treated plots produced grain yield significantly higher than weedy check.Sulfosulfuron applied at 25 g/ha recorded significantly higher attributes and yield than metribuzin alone and application of isoproturon and its mixture with 2,4-D. F-45 Leaf Area Index and Sunlit Leaf Area Index and its Impact on Leaf Dry Matter Accumulation in Rice (Or yza sativa L.) under Different Dates of Planting S. Basu*, S. K. Dutta, D. Fangzauva, S. Jena, R. Nath and P. K. Chakraborty Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : LAI, Rice, Sunlit leaf area index, Transplanting

ABSTRACT

A two year field experiment (2007 and 2008) was conducted on rice variety Satabdi (IET 4786) transplanted on five dates starting from 1 st July to 29th July at an interval of one week at the B.C.K.V research farm, Kalyani. LAI and sunlit leaf area index (L*) were measured at tillering, panicle initiation, emergence and 100% anthesis. LAI increased from tillering to anthesis irrespective of dates of transplanting. With the delay in transplanting, LAI decreased. The sunlit LAI also followed similar trend. The L*: LAI was maximum during tillering. L* explained the variation in leaf dry matter more scientifically than LAI. F-46 Performance of Maize ( Zea mays L.) in Relation to Differential Potassium Levels in a Sandy Loam Soil S. S. Kukal, Gurpreet Singh, Meetpal Singh and D. S. Benipal Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana Keywords : Differential irrigation, Maize, Relative leaf water content, Soil water stress

232


ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during 2011 in a sandy loam soil at Research Farm of Punjab Agricultural University to study the impact of different levels of potassium on plant water status and performance of maize crop under differential scenarios of soil water status. The periodic biomass was significantly higher with application of K at all the growth stages. At 15 and 60 DAS, higher doses of K did not significantly affect the biomass whereas, it increased significantly at 100 DAS with application of K. However, it was statistically similar in all the levels of applied K. The 1000-grain weight was not affected significantly due to irrigation and K levels. The average grain yield increased by 15% with the application of 30 kg K/ha from 6.23 t/ha in plots without K application, irrespective of the irrigation levels. The relative leaf water content (RLWC) was not significantly affected by irrigation as well as K levels. F-47 Performance of Indian MustardHybrid Under Different Cropping System S. S. Rathore, Kapila Shekhawat, O. P. Premi and B. K. Kandpal Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India 321303 Keywords : Cropping system, Indian Mustard, Hybrids

ABSTRACT

Mustard in as important oilseed crops in India, its production in the country has increased during the last five years due to adoption of improved mustard varieties and agronomic practices. Recently developed mustard hybrids are good in their productivity over existing varieties and also have complementarities with other crops in cropping system. In this study attempts have been made to find out suitable mustard based cropping system for hybrid Coral-432 in semiarid conditions of Bharatpur. Overall effect of various cropping system on seed yield of mustard hybrid Coral-432 was significant. Maximum seed yield was recorded under sesame-mustard cropping system which was significantly higher over seed yield under other cropping systems during 2010-11 but during 2011-12, coral-432 was recorded maximum seed yield under cluster bean-mustard cropping system. Minimum seed yield of coral-432 was recorded under cotton-mustard cropping system during both year of experimentation. Maximum biological yield was recorded under 233


fallow-mustard and cluster bean –mustard cropping system during 2010-11 and 2011-12 respectively. Maximum harvest index was observed under sesame-mustard, closely followed by cluster bean -mustard cropping system during 2010-12. Maximum oil yield was recorded under sesame-mustard and under cluster bean-mustard cropping system. Maximum net return (Rs 68590) was found under the cropping system of sesame-mustard and next best cropping system was pearl-millet-mustard. Like in gross return, the trend of net return was similar as the cost of cultivation was same for all the treatments. Cotton-mustard and soybean –mustard cropping systems were observed to be poor in terms of net return. Benefit cost ratio was also calculated under various cropping system for coral -432 mustard hybrids. The best economic viability of coral-432 was notices under sesame-mustard, which was equally good under other cropping systems like pearl-milletmustard, cluster bean-mustard, groundnut-mustard and fallow-mustard cropping systems. F-48 Cultivation Techniques for Adh atoda vasi ca Nees. and Centella asiatica (L.) Urban in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Agro-climatic Zone: An Approach to Sustainable Development of Agro-ecosystems S. Upadhyaya* and L. R. Saikia Dept. of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India. *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Medicinal plant, Organic manures, Intercropping, Sustainable

ABSTRACT Effect of different organic manures on production of biomass of two potential medicinal plants Adhatoda vasica and Centella asiatica and intercropping between them were studied at Dibrugarh University under Upper Brahmaputra Valley Agroclimatic Zone of India during 2008-2011. The experiments were laid down in RBD. Cowdung, compost and vermicompost were used as organic manure. Manures were applied at three levels eg. cowdung @ 12.0, 19.5 and 27.0 t ha-1; compost @ 7.5, 15.0 and 27.7 t ha-1 and vermicompost @ 2.5, 3.0 and 3.75 t ha-1 in case of A. vasica and cowdung @ 6.0, 9.0 and 12.0 t ha-1; compost @ 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 t ha -1 and vermicompost @ 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 t ha-1 in case of C. asiatica.. In case of sole cultivation of A. vasica maximum

234


leaf biomass (2.74 t ha-1) and economic benefit (Rs. 30,941 ha-1) was obtained in cowdung @ 27.0 t ha-1 followed by cowdung @ 19.5 t ha -1 (2.50 t ha-1 and Rs. 26,955 ha-1) than compost @ 22.7 t ha -1 (2.35 t ha-1 and Rs. 22,132 ha -1) and in case of sole cultivation of C. asiatica, maximum biomass (6.52 t ha-1) was obtained in cowdung @12 t ha -1 followed by cowdung @ 9 t ha-1 (6.35 t ha -1) and compost @ 8 t ha -1 (6.16 t ha -1 ); and maximum profit (Rs. 1,02,414/-) was obtained in application of cowdung @ 9 t ha -1, followed by cowdung @ 12 t ha-1 (Rs. 1,01,028/-) and compost @ 6 t ha-1 (Rs. 98,390/ -). The intercropping practice between A. vasica and C. asiatica showed excellent results in terms of land use pattern where the LER values obtained were highly significant and cost effective than sole cultivation of any one of them. Organic cultivation of A. vasica and C. asiatica, using locally available and cheap organic manures like cowdung and compost is highly encouraging. The technique is eco-friendly and its value will be many times more if it is calculated in terms of environmental health. The technique of intercropping between A. vasica and C. asiatica was found to be very effective and the practice has good prospect in organic cultivation of these species under this agroclimatic zone. The technique as a whole is therefore, recommended for sustainable management of the wild and important medicinal plant of this agro-climatic Zone. F-50 Assessing Impact of Climate Change on Production of Kharif Rice and Mustard in West Bengal Using Info-crop Model Saon Banerjee1, Asis Mukherjee2, Apurba Mukherjee3 and Subharanjan Das3 on Agrometeorology, Directorate of Research, BCKV, 3,4Network Project on Climate

1,2AICRP

Change, Directorate of Research, BCKV, Kalyani : 741235. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Climate change, Crop growth model, InfoCrop, Rice, Mustard

ABSTRACT

Crop growth simulation model is a very useful tool for prediction of growth and yield of a crop using various parameters including weather. The future weather situation as predicted by PRECIS model has been used in InfoCrop model to assess the possible impact of climate change on production of Kharif rice and mustard in West Bengal. After proper calibration and validation of the model for West Bengal situation the yield has been 235


predicted for ten selected locations of the state for the year 2025 and 2050. It has been observed that in the year 2025, the yield reduction of the Kharif rice may be in the tune of about 20% on an average and in 2050, the yield reduction may be 27.8%. In case of mustard, 20.0 to 33.9% yield may be reduced in the year 2025 and the yield reduction may be as high as 40% in 2050. Attempt has also been made to sort out adaptation strategy with help of crop growth model. F-51 Geo-electrical Investigations for Shallow Ground Water in the Research Farm of CSSRI, Canning, West Bengal Shishir Raut*, B. Maji and D. Burman

Central Soil S24PGS, Salinity Research Institute, Canning Town, West Bengal-743329. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Vertical electrical soundings, Ground water, Geochemical analysis, Geo-botanical,

IRSP6 ABSTRACT

Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) assuming Schlumberger configuration assuming Wenner configuration respectively were carried out in sixteen positions in the research farm of CSSRI, Canning Town covering an area of approximately 13.3 ha in the coastal area of West Bengal. Five geoelectric layers were found in the area within a depth of 50 m below ground level. VES data from two points were compared with bore whole data to assign resistivity values to different strata. Geobotanical study using IRSP6 LISS3 data was done to find out ground water potential in the nearby villages. Using resistivity fence diagram the quantity of ground water under shallow aquifer was computed to be around 5.0 ha-m. Chemical analysis of ground water samples showed that the quality of ground water was good with low salinity and low alkali hazard and could be grouped as C3/2S1/ 2 under USDA irrigation water quality classification. Deep rooted trees like Acacia nilotica was used to find out ground water potential zone for exploration purpose. In the satellite image it was found that there were available water potential zone.

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F-52 Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for Rapid Measurement of Compost Quality *and Md. Nasim Ali Somsubhra Chakraborty IRDM Faculty Centre, RKMVU, Kolkata-700103, India, Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Keywords : Boosted regression tree, Diffuse reflectance, Partial least squares, Penalized Spline

regression, Visible near-Infrared ABSTRACT

Fifty five compost samples of diverse srcin were collected and scanned as received by visible near-infrared 350–2500 diffuse Thea raw reflectance and (VisNIR, 1st-derivative spectranm) were usedreflectance to predict spectroradiometer. log10-transformed organic matter (OM) using partial least squares (PLS) regression, penalized spline regression (PSR), and boosted regression tree (BRT). Incorporating compost pH, moisture %, and EC as auxiliary predictors along with reflectance, both PLS and PSR models showed comparable cross-validation 2r and validation RMSD. The BRT-reflectance model exhibited best predictability (residual prediction deviation = 1.61, validation2 =r 0.65, and RMSD = 0.09 log10%). These results proved that VisNIR spectroscopy along with easy-to-measure auxiliary variables can quantify compost OM with reasonable accuracy. F-53 Effect of Sunflower Stover Incorporation and Nutrient Management on Energetics of Pigeon pea-Sunflower Cropping System

1I.C.A.R

Subhash Babu1 and Priyanka Suryavanshi2 Research complex for NEH region, Sikkim centre, 2Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Keywords : Direct and residual effect, Energy efficiency, Energy input, Energy output, Energy

productivity, Pigeonpea-sunflower cropping system, Sunflower stover incorporation ABSTRACT

A fixed plot field experiment was carried out during kharif and spring seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 at research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Kharif season experiment in the first year was laid out in split-plot design, assigning 237


sunflower stover incorporation (8 tonnes/ha), and no stover incorporation (control) to main plots and combination of P levels and bio-fertilizers (Control, 15 kg P/ha, 15 kg P/ha+PSB, 30 kg P/ha) to sub-plots. Spring season experiment of both the years was laid out in splitsplit plot design in which NP doses to sunflower crop (Control, 50% RD of NP, RD of NP (80 kg N+15 kg P/ha) were applied in sub-sub plots. Kharif season experiment in second year was laid out in split-split plot design to investigate the residual effect of NP applied to sunflower crop in sub-sub plots. All the treatments replicated thrice during both the years. Direct effect of sunflower stover incorporation caused 33.3, 37.6, 28.0 and 33.8% reduction in gross energy output, net energy output, energy use efficiency and energy productivity of pigeon pea respectively during second year. On the contrary, residual effect of sunflower stover incorporation caused marked improvement in energetics of This net leadsenergy to 11.3, 18.9, 10.9, 22.5, 10.6 19.3% increment in sunflower. gross energy, output, energy20.1, use14.9, efficiency and and energy productivity sunflower during both the year respectively. Among the P levels, direct effect of 30 kg P/ha in pigeon pea and residual effect in sunflower yielded maximum gross and net energy, energy use efficiency and energy productivity in both the crops. RD of NP applied to sunflower recorded lower energy use efficiency (6.8 and 6.2), energy productivity (0.75 and 0.67 kg/MJ) of sunflower in respective seasons. However, application of 30 kg P/ha 3 MJ/ha and 149.68x103 MJ/ in pigeon pea only recorded higher values of gross (170.36x10 ha) and net energy output (156.50x103 MJ/ha and 134.84x103 MJ/ha), energy use efficiency (11.29 and 9.22) in respective season of pigeon pea-sunflower cropping system. F-54 Suitability of Groundwater for Irrigation and Its Impact on Soil Fertility and Relationship of Soil Organic Carbon with Other Chemical Properties of Soil 1*, D. K. Kundu 2 Sucharita Mohapatra of Water Management, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 2CRIJAF, Kolkata, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1Directorate

Keywords : Groundwater, Soil fertility, Soil organic carbon, Micronutrients

ABSTRACT

Supply of irrigation water and nutrients will be vital for increasing cropping intensity and productivity. Although groundwater potential of Odisha is high, only about 15% of it 238


has so far been developed and exploited in the state and khurda district is still lower, only 11%. There is great scope to lift and use groundwater for irrigation during dry season for enhancing cropping intensity and farm productivity. However, knowledge of groundwater is essential for judging its suitability for irrigation and impact of its continuous use on soil fertility. Therefore a study was undertaken to assess groundwater quality in two agriculturally important blocks of khurda district, viz. Balipatna and Balianta. Groundwater samples from 30 tube wells and soil samples from 4 depths ()-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60 cm) of three groundwater-irrigated and three adjacent rainfed farms were collected in January 2008. Groundwater samples and soil samples were analysed for various chemical properties. Groundwater of the study area was found to be good in respect of all the attributes except the iron content. Fifty percent of water samples had more than 5 mg/ L iron and 23% had more than 10 mg/L of iron. Soils especially the plow-layer soils of the study area were found acidic, non-saline, low in organic carbon (or nitrogen), phosphorus and sulphur, low to medium in potassium, sufficient in zinc and copper, and high in iron and manganese content. Intensive use of this groundwater for irrigation is not likely to have any adverse effect on soil health except accumulation of excess iron in the plow-layer soils and on growth of most crops. However, rice crop grown under puddled field condition may suffer iron toxicity problems because of increased solubility of iron in the reduced/ anaerobic soils. Unless some pre-treatment is given to remove excess ironrich groundwater may not be suitable for micro-irrigation as precipitation of iron may clog the drip lines. As organic carbon is an important characteristic of soil health, its relationship with other chemical parameters were analysed by regression model. Micronutrients were found to be better predictors than other cations for SOC. F-55 Standardisation of Optimum Spacing and Quantity of Green Manure Incorporation in SRI Rice (Cv.Badshahbhog) Under Organic Nutrient Management Suting, D.*, Halder, A., Mandal, M., Debnath, S. and Pramanick, M Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : SRI, Dhaincha green manuring, Organic nutrient management

239


ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to optimise spacing and quantity of green manure incorporation in SRI Rice (cv. Badshahbhog) under organic nutrient management in a split plot design where three levels of spacing as main plot factor and six levels of organic nutrient management from various sources with different quantum of green manure incorporation was chosen as sub plot factor. Application of dhaincha green leaf manuring @45 kg N eqiv./ha + Vermicompost @ 12 kg N eqiv./ha +Mustard Cake@ 12 kg N eqiv./ ha + FYM @12 kg N eqiv./ha + Azospirillum @ 20 kgN eqiv./ha + Rock phosphate @ 100 kg/ha + PSB @ 1.5 kg/ha) with 25 cm x 15 cm spacing recorded the highest yield (2800.33 kg/ha), uptake of N, P and K , net return (42,897.5 Rs/ha) and B: C ratio (2.38). F-56 An Insight into the Agricultural Sustainability of Birbhum District Swapan Kumar Maity Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan-731236. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Agricultural sustainability, Birbhum district

ABSTRACT

The agriculture of Birbhum district in West Bengal is characterized by mostly rice dominated rainfed monocropping and cereals dominated irrigated intensive cropping. Major concerns in agricultural sustainability of the district are decline in productivity of rice particularly winter and summer rice, less crop diversity, less production of pulse and oilseeds than the requirement of the district, decline in soil fertility with emerging deficiency of micronutrients, vagaries of monsoon rain making crop production an uncertain affairs in rainfed areas and excessive exploitation of underground water in tube well irrigated areas in the absence of sound rain water management systems. High market fluctuations of conventional agricultural produce and increasing input costs further worsen the economic sustainability of agriculture as the livelihood of major group of the people of the district. 240


F-57 Studies on the, Efficacy of Separate and Premix Application of Carfentrazone-Ethyl and Sulfosulfuron with Surfactant on the Weeds of Wheat T. Dey1*, S. K. Gunri2 and M. K. Mandal3 1Institute

of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005,

2,3BCKV.,

West Bengal India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Wheat, Herbicide, Yield

ABSTRACT

A fieldduring experiment was carried at Agricultural Research Farm out of Banaras Hindu University the rabi season of out 2010. The experiment was carried in randomized block design with eight treatments replicated three times. The analyzed data revealed that application of herbicide mixture of carfentrazone + Sulfosulfuron has control the weeds effectively as compared to their alone application and so this herbicide mixture has some positive effect for controlling the weeds in wheat as compared to their single application. Among 91 treatments application of carfentrazone —ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25% WDG424+30 a a.i./ha) with surfactant (750 g/ha) gave significantly higher wheat grain yield (4360 kg/ha/ and significantly superior to rest of herbicidal treatment. It was found that carfentrazone —ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25% WDG (24+30 g a.i./ha) with surfactant (750 g/ha) found as the best treatment to control the complex weed flora in wheat and to maximize wheat yield. F-58 Evalutaion of Fertilizer Potential of Sea Weed Extracts on the Growth, Quality and Productivity of Sesame (Sesamum in dicum .L) in the Red and Lateritic Belt of West Bengal Tanmoy Shankar, G. C. Malik, M. Banerjee and A. Ghosh Institute of Agriculture, Visva- Bharati, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, Central salt and marine chemicals research institute, Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Gracilaria, Kappaphycus, Sea weed extracts, Sesame

241


ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect sea weed extracts on sesame in the red and lateritic belt of west Bengal during pre- Kharif season of 2012 at agricultural farm of Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was added @ 80:40:40 kg of N: P 2O5:K2O/ha. Foliar spray of seaweed extract significantly influenced the growth attributes at the stages of observation. At 60 DAS, much higher values for plant height, SPAD reading, LAI , dry matter , CGR, NAR, RGR and yield were observed by application of sea weed extracts of Gracilaria(g) and the highest value was obtained by application of 15 % G+100% RDF over Kappaphycus and control. F-59 Moisture Use and Energy Budgeting of Lentil + Oat Intercropping under Varying Row Ratio and Phosphorus Management Ummed Singh Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, Sopore, Jammu and Kashmir 193201, Presently at Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-24. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Energy budgeting, Lentil, Moisture use, Oat, Phosphorus uptake

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2006-08 at Wadura, Sopore to evaluate the production potential, biological feasibility and energy efficiency of intercropping of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) with oat ( Avena sativa L.) under varying row ratio, P levels and biofertilizers. Oat was found dominant and aggressive as compared to lentil. Lentil and oat under 2 : 1 row ratio proved more remunerative and recorded higher yield advantage than 3 : 1 and 1 : 1 as judged by lentil-equivalent yield (1.13 tonnes/ ha), crop productivity (4.77 kg/ha/day), land-equivalent ratio (1.35), income-equivalent ratio (1.27), crop profitability (96.34/ha/day), area-time equivalent ratio (1.20) and monetary advantage (8 580). Significantly higher P uptake by lentil was observed in 3 : 1 row ratio, being 15.5 and 49.1 % higher than under 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 ratio, respectively. Intercropping of lentil+oat under 2:1 row ratio recorded higher WUE compared with other row ratio. Lentil intercropped with oat under 2 : 1 row ratio utilized more water for evapotranspiration and metabolic activities. The rate of moisture use and consumptive use 242


of water was higher under 1 : 1 row ratio than other row ratios. In general, the crops extracted greater amount of soil moisture from the top 0–30 cm soil layer than from 30– 60 cm and 60–90 cm soil depth in all the intercropping systems. Application of P at 17.2 kg/ha being on par with 25.8 kg P/ha recorded statistically higher P uptake by lentil (8.3 kg/ha), oat (16.4 kg/ha) and intercropping system (23.3 kg/ha) over 8.6 kg P/ha. The highest water-use efficiency and rate of moisture use were recorded with 17.2 kg P/ha, followed by 25.8 kg P/ha and least with 8.6 kg P/ha. Significant improvement in P uptake, moisture characteristics viz., consumptive use, water-use efficiency and rate of moisture use by lentil and oat and intercropping system was noticed under dual inoculation with PSB+VAM over PSB and VAM alone. As per computation, input energy differed due to difference in energy use under different row proportions. Among different row proportions, 2:1 row ratio recorded maximum energy efficiency (9.08) and energy productivity (739.3 g/MJ), followed by 1 : 1 and 3 : 1 row ratio. Application of 17.2 kg P/ha recorded maximum energy efficiency (8.94) and energy productivity (718.9 g/MJ), followed by higher dose of P at 25.8 kg P/ha and least at 8.6 kg P/ha. Among biofertilizer inoculations, dual inoculation with PSB+VAM recorded the maximum energy output (197.5Õ10 3 MJ/ ha), energy efficiency (9.36) and energy productivity (768.1 g/MJ) followed by VAM and PSB alone. F-60 Phenotypic Characters and Utilization of Early Sprouting Mulberry Variety “Shivalik” in Doon- Valley to Make Sericulture More Remunerative and Economically Viable in North West India V. B. Srivastava*, R. K. Dhingra, K. R. Maurya, P. K. Singh, Anil Dhar and K.A.Sahaf* Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board Ministry of Textile, Govt. of India, Sahaspur, Dehradun (Uttarakhand). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Agronomy, Mulberry cultivation, Silkworm rearing, Sericulture economics

ABSTRACT

Mulberry (Morus alba) is the basic component for sericulture development and it has been concluded that mulberry leaf contributes on 38.2% for the successful harvest of bivoltine cocoon crop with only 16.6% combined contribution of rearing techniques, 243


silkworm race and silkworm eggs thereby suggesting the importance of mulberry in the economics of sericulture. The Farmers of North Western region of India hesitates to grow mulberry on their prime land due to stiff competition with existing cash crops viz. wheat, maize, paddy & sugarcane. However they have shown keen interest in sericulture on many occasions to get additional income. In this circumstances non availability of mulberry leaves become a major obstacle to initiate sericulture in this areas. The climatic condition of North Western region of India has been changed due to global warming. Due to this, Doon- valley which was earlier considered as silk- bowl of India now facing gradual decrease in silk production. Earlier only two crops of silkworm rearing was undertaken during spring and autumn ,as the available mulberry varieties in Doon valley sprout late and foliage also appear late, which restrict silkworm rearing only in spring and autumn season. However, number of rearing days has been increased due to rise in mercury level in Doon- valley as well as North Western region of India. In this situation Shivalik-a new mulberry variety emerge out as a boon for Doon- valley as well as North Western region of India, which sprouts early and foliage also appears early, which facilitate early brushing of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) for rearing to produce cocoon during spring and autumn season .In other words to undertake additional one or two more rearing in the increased rearing days. This will help to make sericulture more remunerable and economically viable in Doon–valley as well as North Western region of India. The present paper is the outcome of preliminary research carried out at R.S.R.S. Sahaspur to screen out a new mulberry variety having early sprouting quality to undertake additional silkworm rearing in increased rearing days to make sericulture more remunerable and economically viable in Doon–valley as well as North Western region of India by the way of to enhance the cocoon production by 10-30% in near future for the adaptation of sericulture at farmer level. F-61 Effect of Staggered Sowing, Planting Ratio and Subtending Cob Leaf Clipping on Growth Parameters of Single Cross Maize Hybrid Hema Vinutha, K. S.*, S.Rajendra Prasad, Ramegow da, Ravishankar, P., Parashivamu rthy, Shanthala,J University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Maize, hydro priming, staggered sowing, planting ratio, subtending cob leaf clipping.

244


Abstract

To improve seed yield and quality parameters of newly released single cross maize hybrid Hema staggered sowing, planting ratio and subtending cob leaf clipping was undertaken in Dept. of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, Bangalore. The growth parameter like plant height and number of leaves recorded non-significant difference for all treatments and its interactions. Better synchronization between female silking and male tasseling was recorded in sowing of male 3 days earlier to female by 56.83 and 57.09 days followed by hydro priming of male line which recorded 55.21 and 55.95 days respectively. G. Soil Scienc e and A gricultu ral Chemist ry, Soil Biology and Microbiology, Agricultural Chemicals G-1 Availability of Micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in Basmati Growing Soils of Jammu A. K. Mondal, Pardeep Wali* and A. P. Rai Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Chatha, Jammu-180009, J&K. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Basmati, Soils, Submergence, Micro-nutrients, Sufficient, Deficient

ABSTRACT

An incubation study on 20 representative basmati growing soils of Jammu was carried out for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days submergence to record changes in the availability of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn). The soils under study were sufficient in DTPA extractable Cu, Fe & Mn, but 95 % soil samples were deficient in Zn. The availability of Fe and Mn increased by 60-65% and 200-250% after 30 and 45 days of incubation, respectively whereas Zn & Cu decreased up to 34 & 74%, respectively. Both simple and multiple correlation and regression analysis showed variable contribution of physicochemical properties. Management of Zn & Cu for better nutrition, production and productivity of famous basmati rice growing soils in rice-wheat agro-ecosystem of Jammu is needed. 245


G-2 Performance of Groundnut (Ar achis h ypogaea L.) as Influenced by Nutrient Management Strategy in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal A. Sengupta*, S. K. Gunri, R. Nath and T. Biswas Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741235, Nadia, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Groundnut, NPK, FYM, Yield, Economics

ABSTRACT

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the judicious combinations of FYM and NPK fertilizers for groundnut variety TG 51, during two consecutive summer seasons of 2011 and 2012, at District Seed Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, situated in new alluvial zone of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments. Results revealed that all growth and yield attributes increased significantly with increasing levels of NPK fertilizer either as basal and /or split application along with FYM. The highest pod yield (3320 kg/ha) was recorded in the treatment received 100% RDF as basal along with FYM 7.5 t/ha. Available N, P2O5 and K2O also increased significantly due to treatment effects. Highest Benefit : Cost ratio (3.84) was found in the treatment with 100% of RDF which was closely followed by treatment received 100% of RDF and FYM 7.5 t / ha. G-3 Available Sulfur Status in Soils of Jalpaiguri, North Dinajpur and Nadia District, West Bengal A. Seth1*, A. Datta2, I. Das 3, S. Saha4, K. Beura5, A. K. Pradhan 6, R. Das7, S. P. Badole8 and Biswapati Mandal9 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8Deptt. of Agril Chem. & Soil Sci., Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, W.B., 9Director of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, W.B. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Available Sulfur, Alluvial Soil, West Bengal

246


ABSTRACT

Eighteen hundreds of alluvial soil samples were collected from 302 villages under 49 blocks of 3 districts for estimation of available sulphur in soil. Results showed that available sulfur in these soils varied from 0.02 to 12.9 µg g -1, 0.08 to 17.6 µg g-1, 0.11 to 9.79 µg g -1 with the mean of 3.1 µg g-1, 3.3 µg g-1, 4.0 µg g-1 in jalpaiguri, North Dinajpur and Nadia district respectively. From this, in West Bengal, soil available sulfur (S) were found 99% soil were deficient in Jalpaiguri, 98% in North Dinajpur and 100% on Nadia district considering the critical limit as 10.0 µg g-1 . Available S status in soil was found to be positively correlated with change in soil pH while the correlation between available S and soil organic carbon was found negative. G-4 Boron Adsorption Behavior of Soils as Influenced by Soil Characteristics Abir Dey*, B. S. Dwivedi and M. C. Meena Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi–110012. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Boron Adsorption, Vertisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, Soil Characteristics

ABSTRACT

Studies on adsorption of B were undertaken in 12 soils representing different agroecological regions. The adsorption of added B was in the order: Vertisol > Inceptisol > Alfisol. Higher the concentration of added B in solution, greater was the variability in B adsorption. Soils within each order also differed in B adsorption. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations explained the adsorption behaviour of the soils, yet based on prediction coefficients (R 2) Freundlich appeared the best fit for Vertisols and Inceptisols, and Langmuir for Alfisols which showed lowest B adsorption. Freundlich constant ‘a’ and Langmuir constant ‘b’ were positively correlated with free CaCO 3, CEC and clay content.

247


G-5 Impact of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) and Sodium Tri Poly Phosphate (STPP) Present in Detergent on Crop and Soil Quality Ajay*, J. K. Saha, and M. V. Singh Indian Institute of Soil Science (ICAR), Bhopal (MP). *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : LAS, STPP, MBAS, Detergent, Surfactant

ABSTRACT

The dye, methylene blue, in aqueous solution reacts with anionic-type surface active materials, LAS which is main component of detergent along with STPP, to form a blue colored salt and measured with spectrophotometer through extraction with chloroform as MBAS. A survey was conducted to have an estimate of detergent pollution from Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur and Bhopal, showed the Indore was having highest content of LAS and STPP. Similarly, HIG & MIG are polluter in LAS and HIG and LIG in STPP category. The further deleterious effects on different crops and soil including biochemistry have been observed and explained. G-6 Distribution of Available Micronutrients in Soils of Nadia District, West Bengal Amit Kumar Pradhan*, Kasturikasen Beura, Anindita Seth, Ipsita Das, Susmit Saha, Ashim Datta, Durgesh Kumar Singh, G.C. Hazraand Biswapati Mandal Director of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani - 741 235, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Distribution, Available micronutrients, Soil

ABSTRACT

Micronutrients are essential elements for plants, animals and humans. Because of intensive cultivation, there is widespread deficiency of nutrients in soil. To study plant availability of micronutrients in soils we collected around 800 samples from 132 villages under 18 blocks of Nadia district in West Bengal. The soils of district were neutral to 248


alkaline in nature with pH ranging from 6.3 to 8.9. The available Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn were in the range of 0.1 to 1.2 µgg -1, 3.4 to 259.4 µgg-1, 0.3 to 6.9 µgg-1, and 5.11 to 111.1 µgg1 with the mean value of 0.63, 53.4, 2.5 and 20.1 µgg -1 respectively. Considering the critical limits of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn as 0.8, 4.5, 0.2, and 3.0 µgg -1 respectively, about 70%, 30%, 5% of total soil samples were deficient in Zn, Fe, Cu and no significant deficiency was seen in case of Mn. G-7 Assessment of Heavy Metal Tolerance of Aromatic Grasses - A Case Study with Lemon grass and Palmarosa in Nickel and Cadmium Contaminated Soil Amitabha Chattopadhyay Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR), PO: CIMAP, Lucknow-226016, Uttar Pradesh. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Aromatic grasses, Essential oil, Heavy metal, Phytoremediation

ABSTRACT

The results of the experiments carried out at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow to assess the heavy metal tolerance capacity of Lemon-grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) in alluvial soil spiked with graded levels of Ni (0-300 ppm) and Cd (0-200 ppm) revealed that both the grasses thrives well with varying level of tolerance for Ni and Cd without any reduction in oil content and the active constituents of the essential oil. The Ni and Cd concentration in roots of Lemongrass and Palmarosa were much higher than that in the shoot tissues of the respective plant. Inter species variation between the two species for their root binding capacity for Ni and Cd have been observed. This has indicated that Lemongrass and Palmarosa could be utilized in phytoremediation of Ni and Cd contaminated soil where these grasses will act as phytostabilizer by binding the heavy metals in their roots and restricting their upward movement to the shoot tissues.

249


G-8 Effect of Fipronil on FDA and Dehydrogenase Activity of Soil Anindita Seth*1 Ashim Chowdhury2 and Biswapati Mandal3 1,2Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 3 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Insecticide, Alluvial Soil, Incubation, FDA, Dehydrogenase activity

ABSTRACT

A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted with fipronil, a pyrazole insecticide, to study its effect on FDA and dehydrogenase activity in the alluvial soil. Fipronil was incorporated into soil sample and incubation continued for different periods of time (1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days) at FR (0.675 µgml -1) and 2FR (1.350 µgml-1) along with one set of control at 250C - 300C under 60% water holding capacity. Application of fipronil showed a positive effect on FDA while a detrimental effect on dehydrogenase activity. G-9 Yield and Economics of Sunflower (H eli anthus annu us L.) as Influenced by Micronutrient Application in Alfisols 1* and M. T. Sanjay 2 Arnab Roy Chowdhury 2 Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1Punjab

Keywords : Sunflower, Zinc, Boron, Star-bud, Ray-floret, FYM

ABSTRACT A field experiment was carried out during Rabi 2007-08 at the Research Farm,

GKVK, UAS- Bangalore to evaluate the effect of zinc and boron on yield and economics of sunflower cultivation. Seed yield of sunflower was significantly higher (25.01q/ha) in the treatment where recommended dose of fertilizers (62.5 : 75 : 62.5 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ ha) and FYM (7.5 t/ha) were applied along with combined spray of 0.5 per cent ZnSO 4 and 0.2 per cent borax at star bud and ray floret initiation stage, respectively over application of RDF alone (17.67q/ha. But, highest net return (Rs. 39779) and cost benefit 250


ratio (1 : 2.82) were observed in the treatment where RDF + FYM were applied along with a single spray of 0.2% borax at ray floret initiation stage only. G-10 Stratif ication of Carbon and Nu tri ents in Soil of Gui nea Gras s Based Cr opping S ystem under Di ff er ent N utr ient M anagement Regimes Arvind K. Rai*, A. K. Dixit, S. K. Rai, Sunil Kumar and Mayank Bhusan Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi - 284 003. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Carbon sequestration, Soil carbon fraction, Stratification, FYM, Guinea grass,

Cropping system ABSTRACT

Changes in the agricultural management can potentially increase the accumulation rate of soil organic carbon (SOC), thereby sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. In a long-term field experiment (2004 – 2012) conducted with various level of FYM (20, 40, 60 and 80 t/ha) and inorganic fertilizer (200:50:50 (kharif)+ 20:80:0 (rabi) N: P2O5 : K2O kg/ha) on the topsoil profile distribution (0–15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60-80, 80-100cm) of total carbon (TC), soil organic carbon (SOC), labile carbon (LC), soil pH, dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzymes, total and available nutrient contents in semi-arid loamy soil at Jhansi. The crop sequence established was guinea grass guinea grass (Panicum maxicum) + [Cowpea - Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)] intercropping system. TC and labile carbon in the various manure and fertilizer treated plots were expressed on a content bases and the equivalent soil mass approach. Measurements made at the end of 7 years showed that in the 0–15 cm depth, stocks of TC had increased under all the treatments in comparison to adjoining soils under annual cropping. There was significant increase in the total carbon, organic carbon, dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzymes, total and available nutrient in soil samples drawn from different depth. In the absence of any nutrient supplementation in control plot there was 3 times increase in OC (0.7%) over initial values (0.22%) observed in 2004. This shows the very high potential of guinea grass based cropping system in carbon sequestration in soil and mitigation of CO2 evolution from agricultural operations. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–15 cm layer where plots under FYM treatment had significantly higher TC (1.23-1.75%) in comparison to 251


inorganic fertilizer (0.86%) and control (0.62%). Similar trends were also observed for SOC, LC, total and available P and N contents. FYM plots, however, exhibited strong vertical gradients of SOC, TC, LC, dehydrogenase, phosphatase activity and total and available P and N content with concentrations decreasing from 0–15 to 15–100 cm. Stratification ratios of all the carbon fractions and nutrients were significantly higher in FYM than in the inorganic fertilizer and control plots. G-11 Study on the Impact of Mulch on Soil Physical Properties B. Ravichandrane TKRSP GHSS, Koravelimedu, Puducherry–607402. Keywords : Mulch, Temperature, Moisture, pH, Bulk density, Humus level

ABSTRACT

Mulching is an effective erosion control practice, protecting soil surfaces from erosive action of falling raindrops and abrading wind. It is an important component of many agricultural land use systems particularly in dry lands. To help our village farmers, we had carried out a project in a paddy field in which we calculated temperature, moisture, pH, bulk density and humus level of the agricultural soil using different mulches. Our findings proved that using organic (Straw, Sawdust, Rice bran) and inorganic (Pebbles) mulches helped in maintaining good soil physical properties with that of non-mulched soil of the same field. This process also enhanced the yield which made the farmers happy. G-12 Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation on Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soils and Crops in the Peri-Urban Areas of Kolkata, India Bholanath Saha*, Sushanta Saha, G. C. Hazra and Biswapati Mandal Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani- 741 235, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Distribution, Heavy metals, Sewage water

252


ABSTRACT

Scarcity of ground water for irrigation is an ever increasing problem, owing to which, use of sewage water in agriculture has become a common practice in three-fourth of the cities in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Keeping these points in view, present study was undertaken to study the heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni) loads in sewage water and in soils and plants affected by its use in the peri-urban areas of Kolkata. The concentration of heavy metals (viz. Cu, Cd and Ni) in sewage water was higher than the recommended maximum concentration indicating that transfer of metals to the soil and subsequently to plants poses potential health risks, since they can enter the food chain and the environment. Except for Pb and Ni, the mean DTPA extractable Zn, Cu and Cd content in sewage irrigated soils was much higher than the permissible limits. Maximum mean metal accumulation values in shoot of different crops to the tune of 39.53, 22.02, 109.60, 13.68 and 31.90 µg g-1 were obtained for Zn (Cauliflower), Cu ( Colocasia), Pb (Amaranthus), Cd (Okra) and Ni ( Amaranthus) whereas the maximum accumulation values in root to the tune of 42.87, 11.90, 98.70, 20.63 and 28.70 were obtained only in Colocasia . G-13 Effect of Aggregation on Decomposition of 14C Labelled Plant Residues in Cultivated Sandy Soil

1 Department

Bangladesh,

2

2 Bidisha Majumder1 and Yakov Kuzyakov of Environmental Sciences, Asian University for Women, Chittagong, Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems; Büsgen-Institute, Georg August

University of Göttingen; Göttingen; Germany. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Aggregate size fraction,

14C-Labelled plant residue, Soil organic matter, Decomposition, CO2 efflux, C- sequestration, Microbial biomass

ABSTRACT

Different inputs of mineral and organic fertilizers are mainly responsible for increasing yield of crop coupled with an increase in the amount of crop residues. Transformation of the crop residues into soil organic C is an important factor improving soil fertility and aggregation. Apart from long-term organic matter influence, aggregation is also promoted 253


by soil bacterial and fungal biomass. These effects on soil aggregation in relation to soil organic C content have not yet been well investigated. We studied the long-term effects of 20-years application of mineral and organic fertilizers in an intensive horticultural crop rotation. Treatments: without fertilization or manuring (control soil), nitrogen applied by mineral fertilizer, and manure with low or high application rates. The short-term effect on soil aggregation was simulated by addition of K-polyacrylate to the soil. 14C labelled plant residues were added to all soils and incubated for 2 weeks to know the effect of aggregation on plant residue C sequestration in soil aggregate size fractions. Added 14Clabelled plant residues were retained higher in control soil than the mineral and manure fertilized one. The 14C from plant residues was strongly allocated in microaggregates. This corresponded to high plant derived microbial biomass and ß-glucosidase enzyme activity in microaggregates. However, 42-73% increase of soil organic C by long-term fertilization caused decrease in microaggregates by increasing small macroaggregates proportion of soil. As a result, fertilization effect on soil decreased the rate of decomposition of added plant residue. K-polyacrylate addition increased the large macroaggregate fraction by 1418% by decreasing small macroaggregates and microaggregates of all soils independent on fertilization. This aggregation effect caused a significant decrease of decomposition rates, which may predict the consequences of fungal aggregation on sandy soil. G-14 Effect of Long Term Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon and Productivity of Rice Crop under Rice-Rice Cropping System in Godavari Delta Ch. Sreenivas*, D. Srinivas, T. V. Sridar, P. V. Satyanarayana, Y. Suryanarayana and M. Bharathalakshmi Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute & Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, W. G. Dt, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Rice-Rice system, Balanced fertilization, N- Substitution, Grain yield, Organic

Carbon content

254


ABSTRACT

The effect of long term fertilization with organic and inorganic sources of nutrition on the grain yield and organic carbon content in post harvest soil under rice-rice system in alluvial soils was studied for 22 years during kharif and 21 years for rabi. Application of 100% NPKZnS + FYM/PM @ 5 tha -1 recorded highest grain yield and soil organic carbon content. 100% NPKZnS produced on par for grain yield production and lower soil organic carbon than 100% NPKZnS + FYM/PM @ 5 tha -1. Nitrogen substitution with FYM/ GM performed lower than 100% NPKZnS treatment in grain yield production. However nitrogen substitution with FYM / GM performed superior than 100% NPKZnS in increasing organic carbon content. Between GM and FYM, FYM performed better than GM during kharif. Application of FYM @ 10tha-1 was found on par with 100% NPKZnS in grain production during kharif only but registered higher organic carbon content. Continuous use of high level of chemical fertilizers had led to soil degradation problems, which also proved detrimental to soil health. Soil fertility and productivity in Godavari delta are likely to be affected due to intensive rice monoculture with imbalanced fertilization under excessive use of irrigation water. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to explore the effect of organic and inorganic nutrition on soil fertility and productivity. G-15 Additive Effect of Microbial Inoculation on Barnyard Millet (Echi nochloa f r umenta cea (Roxb.) Link.) Channabasava A* and H. C. Lakshman

P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad-580003, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Echinochloa frumentacea, Acaulospora laevis, Azotobacter, Biomass, Biofertilizers

ABSTRACT

The interactions of rhizosphere microbes with plants depend on the establishment of intimate associations between the two partners. Millets are the astonishing food grains for the developing countries like India, among them Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link., (barnyard millet) is one of the rare millet. The grains contain 6.2% protein, 9.8% crude 255


fibre, 65.5% carbohydrate, 4.4% ash and the digestibility of protein is 40 per cent. It was grown with inoculation of beneficial microbes Azospirillum , Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma and Acaulospora laevis (AM fungus). The experiments were conducted under polyhouse conditions with completely randomized block design. The plant growth parameters like height, biomass, grain yield and nutrient uptake and mycorrhizal spores and root colonization were analyzed. The experimental plant inoculated with bio-inoculants has showed additive responses. Over all the maximum benefits were offered by the dual inoculation of Acaulospora laevis and Azotobacter was recorded. This experiment was conducted to understand the synergistic interaction among the soil beneficial microbes on growth and grain yield. G-16 Spatial and Temporal Variation of NPK and Organic Carbon in Soils of a Rubber Eco-System

1,2Gauhati

D. Mandal1*, K. G. Bhattacharya2 and T. C. Baruah3 University, Guwahati-781014, 3AAU, Jorhat. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Keywords : Spatial and temporal variation, Nutrients, Rubber ecosystem

ABSTRACT

Spatial (depth) and temporal (season) variation of soil nutrients was recoded for three consecutive years under a rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis) eco-system. The objective of the study to see the dynamics of NPK and organic carbon (OC)beunder hillyThe slopes of Assamwas so that suitable management practices for rubber could evolved. result showed that higher percentage of organic carbon was available during winter period and minimum during monsoon. A decline in OC was observed in subsurface soil. Available N was higher during monsoon period (June-July) and thereafter its values began to decline. Available P and K were higher in surface soil during post-monsoon period (Sept-Oct). Leaching loss of nitrogen & OM from surface soil was noticed due to high rainfall and surface run off. Mobility of potassium towards down the profile was observed after monsoon. The available P status at the sub-surface soil was not increased over the time indicating its less downward mobility. The beneficial effects of NPK and leaf litter could 256


be enhanced further when composed litter was applied along with NPK to the surface soil during pre-monsoon period (April-May). G-17 Changes in Phosphorus and Potassium Fractions in Soil Amended With Rock Phosphate and Mica Enriched Compost in an Inceptisol under a Wheat–Soybean Cropping System D. R. Biswas Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi–110012. *Email: [email protected] Keywords : Rock phosphate, Waste mica, Enriched compost, Phosphorus, Potassium, Fractionation

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to prepare and see the changes in phosphorus and potassium fractions in soil amended with rock phosphate and mica enriched compost in an Inceptisol under a wheat–soybean cropping system. The enriched compost was prepared by using rice straw mixed with rock phosphate and waste mica along with phosphate solubilizing microorganism (Aspergillus awamorii). Results revealed that enriched compost had higher total P, K, Ca, Mg, micronutrients and biological properties than ordinary compost. Data revealed that application of 50% recommended dose of fertilizers along with 5 t ha 1 of enriched compost resulted in higher fractions of P (saloid–P, Fe–P, Al–P, Ca–P and Occluded–P) and K (water soluble K, exchangeable K and non–exchangeable K) than unfertilized plot in surface soil after wheat and soybean grown in sequence. Results revealed that enriched compost prepared using as rock phosphate and waste mica and crop residues could be an alternative and cost effective option for mitigating the shortage of water-soluble P and K fertilizers for crop production. G-18 Characteristics and Crop Suitability Evaluation of Lohit Valley Soils, Arunachal Pradesh D. C. Nayak* and S. K. Gangopadhyay National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR), Regional Centre, Salt lake, Kolkata – 700 091, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Alluvial plain, Soil acidity, Low fertility, Suitability evaluation

257


ABSTRACT

Four representative soil pedons under major physiographic situations viz. Wakro (P1)–Humic Dystudepts (Piedmont slope), Lathow (P2)–Typic Kandihumults (Undulating upland), Pathergaon (P3)–Aeric Endoaquepts (Very gently sloping plain ) and Digaru (P4)–Typic Udifluvents (Active flood plain) of Lohit district, Arunachal Pradesh were studied for their characterization, problems and potentials and crop suitability evaluation. The soils are very deep, coarse loamy to fine in texture except Wakro soils which are moderately deep and gravelly loam in texture. Most of the soils are very strongly to moderately acidic throughout the profile (pH 4.4 to 5.6) except Digaru soils. Organic carbon content in surface soils is high. CEC of the soils is low to medium and have low to medium base saturation. The exchange acidity ranges from 0.1 to 3.0 cmol (p+) kg due to presence of exchangeable Al3+. Crop suitability evaluation indicates that Wakro soils are marginally to not suitable for most crops. Lathow soils are best suited for major crops with some limitation of acidity and low fertility. Pathergaon and Digaru soils are moderate to marginally suitable for agricultural crops and have the risk of flooding / waterlogging in rainy season. 1

G-19 Identification of Soil Related Constraints to Sustainability in Himalayan Region of India Debashis Mandal Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, Uttarakhand.

Email: [email protected] Keywords : Soil constraints, Land degradation, Soil erosion, Soil sustainability, Himalayan

region. ABSTRACT

Soil resources of Himalayan region are finite, fragile and non-renewable. The signs of degradation are already evident in terms of declining land productivity, loss of biodiversity, increased sedimentation of rivers and reservoirs, drying up of water sources, recurring droughts and floods and deteriorating environment. The Indian Himalayan region (IHR) with width varying between 250-300 km across stretches and length of about 2,500 258


km from Jammu & Kashmir in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east. It consists of two distinct geo-political sub-regions viz; North Eastern hills and north western hills. Varied geological, physiographic, climatic and vegetational characteristics have given rise to a variety of soil types in Himalayan region. The majority of Himalayan soils belong to Entisols and Inceptisols. While Entisols are dominant in the Western Himalayas, the later are found extensively in north eastern part. About half of the area in the Himalayan region is degraded. Severity of land degradation is in the order of Mizoram > Himachal Pradesh > Uttarakhand > Nagaland > Tripura. The major causes of degradation are soil erosion due to water and some adverse soil conditions. The rates are quite high for Shiwalik hills (>80 t ha -1 yr-1) and shifting cultivation areas (40 t ha -1 yr-1). Land degradation due to acid soils is more severe in Indian Himalayas (13.95% of TGA) than that of the country (3.72% of TGA). Extent of acid soils affected area is much more in NEHs (29.36% of TGA) than that in NWHs (0.76% of TGA). Among the northeastern states, Nagaland has maximum area (90.0% TGA) under acid soils followed by Manipur (65.91% of TGA), Tripura (61.29% of TGA), Mizoram (55.42% of TGA), Arunachal Pradesh (14.96% of TGA) and Assam (8.49% of TGA). Soil depth is below critical limit in about 31.8% lands in the entire region with more severe limitation in northwestern Himalayan region (50.9% TGA) than north-eastern region (4.0% TGA).The soil quality in terms of infiltration of water and resistance to erosion was poor in about 33.6% lands in the entire region. Land vulnerability due to erosion is more severe in NEHs Indian Himalayas (53.8% of TGA) than that in NWHs (42.3% of TGA). The soils of Himalayan region are, generally, deficient in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, zinc, boron, molybdenum and iodine.The deficiencies of micronutrients, particularly of zinc, are becoming more conspicuous in some areas. About 57, 34, 42 and 12 percent soil samples were found to be deficient in zinc in Meghalaya, Assam, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir, respectively. The continued degradation of the fragile Himalayan region would affect adversely the socio-economic and environmental stability of the region. More holistic approach to land use and management is needed to cope with increased pressure on soil resources for sustainable food and fibre production while reducing the adverse off-site environmental impacts of agricultural practices. 259


G-20 Cyanobacteria in the Biofilms on the Soils of Santiniketan in Birbhum, their Role in Soil Structuring and Nutrient Mobilization Dhanesh Kumar* and S. P. Adhikary

Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan (W.B.) – 731235. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Biofilm, Cyanobacteria, UV-absorbing pigments, Soil erosion

ABSTRACT

Santiniketan in the Birbhum district of West Bengal is characterized by red and arid soils withonpoor capacity. The diversity cyanobacteria the biofilm occurred the water upper holding soil surface soon after receiving of monsoon rain wasin studied. The biofilm primarily composed of Tolypothrix bouteillei, Scytonema ocellatum, Scytonema tolypotrichoides, Lyngbya major and Phormidium incrustatum, all of which appeared soon after wetting of dried biofilms. Methanolic extract of most of these organisms from culture as well as corresponding crust from nature showed prominent absorption in the UV-A and UV-B region of the spectrum due to Scytonemin and Mycosporine like amino acids (MAA) which provide protection to the cells/ filaments exposed to high solar insolence. All these cyanobacterial species possess copious mucilage as well as thick sheath layer around their trichome with the potency of binding the soil, hence prevent soil erosion and nutrient mobilizationin their micro-environment. Molecular phylogeny approach was applied to know the evolutionary characters of major organisms. G-21 Conservation Ti Effect of Moisture Regimes and Pesticides of Different Biodegradability on Transformation of Different Forms of Inorganic N in A Dominant Soil Series of West Bengal Dipankar Saha and Niladri Paul* Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Pesticides, Moisture regimes, Exchangeable NH4+ and Soluble NO3- - N.

260


ABSTRACT

Irrespective of pesticides, more or less similar amount of exchangeable NH4+ is accumulated in soils maintained under both waterlogged and 60% of the moisture holding capacity systems. This trend of results of exchangeable NH 4+ is observed both in presence and absence of N-fertilizer. Critical examination of results showed that comparatively higher amount of exchangeable NH 4+ is recorded in waterlogged soil treated with N-fertilizer. The recorded lower amount of exchangeable NH4+ in waterlogged soil, treated with higher dose of endosulfan and chloropyriphos justify that addition of pesticides of different biodegradability hinders the ammonification process. This trend of results is more prominent in N-treated system. However, irrespective of N-fertilization, in presence of higher dose of endosulfan and chloropyriphos, comparatively higher amount of soluble NO3- is accumulated in waterlogged system maintained at 60% of moisture holding capacity. The beneficial effect of pesticides on nitrification is well marked. Thus in general, irrespective of pesticides and N-fertilizer applications, comparatively higher amount of available N is accumulated in waterlogged system than the soil maintained under 60% of the moisture holding capacity. G-22 Variation in Nitrogen Contents in Mulberry Garden at Farmers Level and Their Effect on Mulberry Leaf Yield H. Chandra, R. C. Kimothil, P. K. Singh & K. A. Sahaf IRSRS, Central Silk Board, Sahaspur - 248197, Dehradun, CSR & TI, Central Silk Board, Pampore, Srinagar. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Soil, Fertilizer, Nitrogen, Variation, Effect, Yield, Leaf, Mulberry, Farmers,

ABSTRACT

Soil fertility refers to the quality that enables the soil to provide proper compound in proper amount and in proper balance for the growth of plants. Soil productivity is the capacity of soil for producing specified plants. Major Components of Soil are mineral material (Inorganic constituents), organic matters, water and air. About 2000 minerals have been recognized but only few elements & minerals are important in soil, of which 16 nutrient elements are essential for healthy growth of mulberry plants. For instance, 261


linking soil health measurement at farmers’ level can bridge the gap in interpretation for input & output. In mulberry the soil fertility & leaf quality is known to influence the performance of Bivoltine silkworm races; however information on the identification of critical factors influence the cocoons crops performance at farmers’ level is extremely scanty. Some researchers reported variation in leaf quality due to mulberry varieties, doses of fertilizers etc., The repeated cultivation of crop deteriorate soil status & contents of micronutrients, so soil test based revised fertilizer application at certain interval is necessary. G-23 Use of Clays for Removal of Herbicides from Water for Improved Quality Irani Mukherjkee* and AmanKumar Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012. *Corresponding Author Email: mukrj [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Water is a very important constituent of our ecosystem and so we have to preserve and improve its quality. Pesticides are an essential input in sustainable agriculture. Injudicious and repeated application, not adhering to the label claim makes the pesticides available detected in ground water. Pesticides are organic compounds, their chemical structure, water solubility, adsorption on soils, persistence are the factors which determine its mobility into ground water. However effluents from the industry run off due to rain and flow of irrigation water into water bodies also allows the detection of pesticides into ground water. The WHO has classified the pesticides into five groups on the basis of their (LD50 values) hazardous nature. It has been reported that increasing amount of the pesticide residue e present in the soil and these can ultimately be leached to aquifer levels and contaminate the groundwater or they may be carried away by runoff waters and soil erosion. The leachability of the pesticides is measured in terms of the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS). The GUS index l° can be written as GUS = log (DT50). [4—log (Ka)], where DT50 and Ka are persistence and mobility respectively. The tendencies of groundwater contamination are (i) non-leacher (GUS < 1.8), (ii) moderate (1.8 < GUS < 2.8) and (iii) leacher (GUS > 2.8).Groundwater pollution due to pesticides is a worldwide 262


problem. There are many reports published on groundwater contamination due to pesticides all over the workl. Leaching of atrazine in Germany and Denmark has been reported. Herbicides and nematicides are supposed to be the major groundwater pollutant pesticides as they are applied directly to the soil. This paper presents the effect of clays in decontamination of water and improving the water quality. Water fortified with herbicides (at 25 ppm), namely atrazine, triflural in, metribuzin, butachlor, flufenacet, pendimethalin and petrialachlor was subjected to decontamination using commonly available clays (25mg). The results indicated that about more than 90 % is removed by sonication with clays like bentonite, kaolinite, nanoclay, morittmorllite, Fullers earth and talc. Morntmorllite and nano clay was found the best for removal of pendimethalin and flufenacet. G-24 Soil Resource Appraisal vis-à-vis Their Suitability for Different Crops in Badajorenala Micro-Watershed of Khurda, Odisha K. Das*, T. Bannerjee and A. K. Sahoo National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning (ICAR), Regional Centre, Block-D K, Sector-II, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Badajorenala microwatershed, Soil series, Soil mapping, Land Capability Classes,

Soil site suitability ABSTRACT

Effective management of land resources needs site-specific detailed information on the nature of the soils, their characteristics, distribution, extent, their potentials and constraints. Keeping this in view the present study was carried out in the Badajorenala micro watershed of Khurda block, Odisha district for identification of the constraints and soil site suitability for different major crops of the region. Based on detailed soil survey of the watershed on 1: 4,000 scale eight soil series have been identified and were mapped in fourteen phase associations. Entisols, Inceptisols and Alfisols were the dominant soil orders which were occupied 14.8, 52.9 and 15.0 % area. Land capability evaluation indicated that the problems of soils and wetness of were noted on 50.9% area of 263


watershed (LCC III) while the problem of very severe erosion was identified on another 14.5% area (LCC VII). The soil site suitability evaluation reveals that about 31.9% area was marginally suitable for growing rainfed rice and about 51.4% area for wheat. Groundnut crop has been found marginally suitable on 49.6% area and about 65.9 % area was moderately suitable for growing mustard crop. Pigeon pea cultivation was also prevalent in the area and the soils were moderately suitable on 33.2 % TGA. G-25 Assessment of Soil Quality and Resilience for Semi-Arid Tropical Alfisol-Soils K. Venkanna1, Uttam Kumar Mandal2*, Ravikant V. Adake3, K. L. Sharma 4 and 5

Pushpanjali Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad-500059, 2Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Canning Town, South 24-Parganas, West Bengal-743329. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1,3,4,5Central

Keywords : Soil resilience, Principal Component Analysis, SQI, Land use

ABSTRACT

A soil quality index (SQI) was determined for Alfisol soils collected from different land use system of Nalgonda and Warangal Districts of Andhra Pradesh. Total 22 physical, chemical and biological properties of soil were analyzed and Principal component identified were moisture retention at 15 bars, available N, available P, DTPA extractable Zn, exchangeable sodium percentage, C mineralization and bulk density as. Also SQI was calculated based on four soil function, i.e., nutrient cycling, water availability, resistance to degradation and salinity and sodicity. A biological resilience of soils was also studied based on substrate induced respiration after heat stress. There was good relationship (r2 = 0.674) between two procedures of calculating SQI based on SQIs and resilience index observed soil can be classified in following land use systems: castor < intercrop < pigeon pea < cotton < maize < fallow < rice. These results indicated that good soils having higher soil quality indices were also productive with higher resilience capacity. 264


G-26 Effect of Eudr il us eugeni ae Vermiwash on the growth of Ar achis h ypogaea K. E. Poorni* and A. Manikandan Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchengode–637 205, Elayamplayam, Namakkal Dt, Tamilnadu, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Vermiwash, Eudrilus eugeniae, Arachis hypogaea.

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the properties and the effect of vermiwash of Eudrilus Eugenia on the growth and biochemical constituents of Arachis hypogaea were analyzed. Varying concentrations of vermiwash were used to detect the effect on the growth of Arachis hypogaea for a period of 4 weeks. The plants were divided into control and three treatment groups, Treatment I (1% Concentration used), Treatment II (3% Concentration used) & Treatment III (6% Concentration used). After the treatment period the root length, shoot length, number of leaves and biomass were evaluated for all the Eudrilus eugeniae vermiwash treated plants and for the control group. It has been found that treatment III was found to be effective in all the physical and chemical parameters analyzed when compared to the control and other treatment groups. G-27 A Study on Site-Specific Nutrient Management for Rice in Kurnool and Cuddapah Canal Command Area of Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh K. V. Ramanaiah1* and V. Kumar Babu2 &CS, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Yagantipalle, Kurnool (Dt.), 2Z. P. High School (Boys), Banaganapalle, Kurnool (dt.), A. P. *Corresponding Author Email: ramanakv69 @gmail.com 1SHE

Keywords : Black Soil, Nutrient Requirements, Yield Target, Paddy, Profitability.

ABSTRACT

Rice is the primary staple food for more than 40% of the world’s population. Rice yields in many parts of the country are declining due to conventional blanket and 265


imbalanced use of fertilizers. Fertilizer application based on quantitative approaches such as Soil test crop response (STCR) can assist in improving yields and nutrient use efficiency in rice. Crop trials were conducted in 135 locations in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh to quantify rice production in the context of the variability of soil properties and use of balanced fertilizers based on targeted yield concept. Soil properties indicated moderate to heavy in texture (Sandy clay loam to Clay loam), low to high range of organic carbon content (0.19 % to 1.43%), pH varied from neutral to medium alkali (6.65 to 8.52). Soil fertility status for N was low to medium in all samples (138 to 301 kg/ha), with medium to high P (49 to 564 kg/ha) and medium to high K (168 to 1220 kg/ ha). Validity of the yield target for 8.0 tonnes/ha was tested in farmer’s fields and yield targets varied at less than 10%. Achievement of additional income (Rs.7399/ha) in all the demonstrations, clearly indicated that soil test based fertilizer recommendation/application was economically viable within the agro-ecological zone with relatively uniform cropping practices and socio-economic conditions. G-28 Reclaming Sodic Soils by Farmers’ Participatory Management in Jaunpur District, Uttar Pradesh M. S. Yadav1*, D. K. Sharma2, Alok Mathur3, A. N. Singh4 and P. N. Shah5 Pradesh Bhoomi Sudhar Nigam, Lucknow, 2,3,4,5 Remote Sensing Applications Centre, U. P. Jankipuram, Lucknow. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1Uttar

Keywords : Sodic soils, Reclamation, Gypsum, Participatory management

ABSTRACT

In the present study reclamation was taken up in Jaunpur district in 94 villages under U.P. Sodic Land Reclamation Project funded by the World Bank. For the execution of reclamation programmes, maps are required on the village cadastre as a base. High resolution IRS-LISS-III & PAN merged satellite data have been used in order to map the sodic lands selected 94 villages. The sodic land map shows the information at plot level on three categories of sodic soils on the bases land use, viz., ‘B+’ (double cropped sodic) ‘B’ (single cropped sodic) and ‘C’ (barren sodic). A total of 4581 ha of sodic area was mapped out of which, ‘B+’ category was 449.5 ha, B category 1117.7 ha and C category 3013.8 ha. From the selected villages, 16584 surface soil samples were collected and 266


analyzed for gypsum requirement of sodic soils. Pre- reclamation pH2 and EC2 values are in range of 9.1 to 10.3 and 0.16 to 1.17 dsm -1 under ‘C’ category. In case of ‘B’ category plots, the pre-reclamation soil pH2 and EC2 values ranged between 9.7 to 10.2 and 0.45 to 1.11 dsm-1. Whereas under ‘B+’ category plots, the pre-reclamation soil pH2 and EC2 were found in range of 9.9 to 10.2 and 0.39 to 0.58 dsm -1. After implementation of reclamation program pH reduced by. .5 to 1.0 unit and EC reduced substantially to with in permissible level. The success of the reclamation has been due to farmer’s participatory management at the site implementation level, in each village. The participatory irrigation management in the project also involved participation of 1097 water user groups. A total of 1097 tubewells, out of which 729 were newly developed during the reclamation activity, provided water required for leaching and subsequent irrigation for crop growth. The study has benefited 9923 farmers in the district, of which about 6200 farmers cultivated their barren sodic lands for the first time enhancing their food and livelihood security. G-29 Decontamination of Neonicotinoid Residues Madhuban Gopal*, RajeshKumar, Ram Niwas, Archana Upadhyay and Shobhita Kalra Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110012. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Neonicotinoids, Saponins, Edible alkali, Transition metal catalyst, Microbe,

Decontamination, Vegetables, Water ABSTRACT

Neonicotinoids are a class of neuro-active insecticides chemically related to nicotine. The neonicotinoids were developed in large part because they show reduced toxicity when compared to previously used organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. They are used to control sap sucking pests of fruits and vegetables, but leave their residues in edible commodities. Saponins were isolated from pericarp of plant Sapindus mucorossi (soap nut). The contaminated vegetable was treated with various surfactants, edible alkali and saponin separately and in combination to quantify the remaining neonicotinoid. Various combinations were attempted to find that an optimum combination of three reagents, which was successful for decontaminating imidacloprid from okra fruit by 99%. The 267


treatment could bring residues from 80 ppm to below the MRL (0.5 mg/kg of imidacloprid in okra documented in Netherland). Thestudy could be termed complete forutilization only if the insecticide, present in the waste water generated from such experiment, could also be detoxified by using a transition metal catalyst and separated by subjecting it to treatment with a microbe (Burkholderia cepacia) identified by its 16S rDNA gene sequencing. G-30 Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Strain of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria of Genus Azotobacter from Tea Rhizosphere of South Assam, India Mrinal Kanti Bhattacharjee *, P. B. Mazumdar and G. D. Sharma Assam University, Assam, India, Silchar - 788011. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Dendrogram, Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular characteristics, Nitrogen

fixing bacteria, Nitrogen fixation, Rhizosphere ABSTRACT

Diverse nitrogen fixing microorganisms grow in the rhizosphere of tea and contribute to the soil nitrogen pools. The recent isolation and study of nitrogen fixing bacteria represent an exciting period in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. In this paper an investigation was carried out for isolation of a bacterial strain of the genus Azotobacter from rhizosphere of tea plant of the variety TV-20 from Ichabil tea estate of South Assam, India. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological characteristics it was identified as a Gram negative, motile nitrogen fixing bacteria. And on the basis of 16S rDNA analysis it was confirmed that belongs to the genus Azotobacter. And on the basis of 16SrDNA sequence a dendrogram was constructed. G-31 Halotolerent Azospirillum lipoferum Soils

N-29 as a Biofertilizer for Saline

Nakade Dhanraj. B. Govt. Rajaram College, Kolhapur - 416004 (Maha) India. Email: nakadedhanraj@ yahoo.com Keywords : Azospirillum lipoferum N-29, Hypersaline Soils, Biofertilizers

268


ABSTRACT

In the present study halotolerent indigenous strain of Azospirillum lipoferum N-29 was isolated on modified Congored Nitrogen free agar with 6% NaCl concentration from the hyper saline soils of Kolhapur district of Maharashtra, India. It was identified as by using Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. To study its nitrogen fixing ability acetylene reduction assay was performed, as well as a pot experiment was carried out on sugarcane 8071 variety, which is cultivated on large scale in western Maharashtra region of India. Nine pots divided in to three sets. For production of biofertilizers a biomass production experiment was carried using fully automatic bioreactor, using a modified Nitrogen free broth medium at 30 OC temperature, pH7.0, 140rpm agitation. Results indicated that Azospirillum lipoferum N-29 strain grows up to 8% NaCl concentration with optimum 4 % NaCl concentration, pH 7.0, temperature 30OC and at 140 rpm. It tolerates about 12% NaCl salt concentration for 1 hour. Nitrogen fixing ability Results indicated that there was maximum nitrogen fixation (22%) observed at 30 OC temperature , 4% NaCl salt concentration, at 140 rpm agitation and at pH 7.0. Pot experiment showed that there was 58% increase in height of plant, diameter of stem, number of setts, and number of leaves as compared to control set and 20 % increase in sterile soil with Azospirillum lipoferum N-29, this indicated the combine effect of other microorganisms with that of Azospirillum lipoferum N-29 .Biofertilizer production experiment indicated that maximum biomass (4*109 cells ml-l ) can be produced within 48 hours at 30OC and at 140 rpm using modified Nitrogen free broth medium with 20% sucrose. Present investigation indicated the suitability of Azospirillum lipoferum N-29 strain as a candidate for biofertilizer production for saline soils as well as for reclamation of saline soils. G-32 Nitrogenous Compounds Nutrition and Salt Tolerance in the Nitrogen Fixing Cyanobacterium M astigocladus Species Nonibala Khumanthem1*, N. Irabanta Singh2, A. K. Singh3 and A. N. Rai4 of Advanced Study in Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur -795 003. 3,4North Eastern Hill University, Shillong -22. *Corresponding Author Email: khumanthem.nonibala @gmail.com

1,2Centre

Keywords : Thermophilic cyanobacterium, Mastigocladus sp, Salt stress, Nitrogen fixation

269


ABSTRACT

Salinity tolerance of thermophilic Cyanobacterium mastigocladus species isolated from hot spring was examined. M. species tolerated up to 300 mM and found that at salt stress condition growth, heterocyst frequency and nitrogenase activity were lowered than the normal. It exhibited enhanced tolerance to NaCl in the presence of ammonium, nitrate and the amino acids, alanine, asparctic acid, arginine, glutamine and proline. Apart from providing permanent protection to the growth during stress, like NO3- and NH4+, proline also relieved the initial salt mediated inhibition on enzymes involved in nitrogen fixation (nitrate reductase and glutamine transferase activities). All nitrogenous substances which supported growth in the presence of salt curtailed the Na+ influx. G-33 Interaction Effect between Potassium and Zinc on the Availability of Potassium and Cationic Micronutrients in Submerged Soil P. Roy1*, D. K. Das2 and A. K. Dolui3 of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta. 35, B. C. Road. Kolkata - 700019, 2Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia - 741232. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

1,3Institute

Keywords : Cationic Micronutrients, Potassium, Zinc, Submerged Soil

ABSTRACT

Laboratory experiment at ambient conditions was carried out in an inceptisol (SubDivisional Adaptive Research Farm, Kandi, Murshidabad) collected after growing of kharif rice for two consecutive years to study the interaction effect between potassium and zinc with nine different treatment combinations under submerged soil condition. The results reveal that the amount of exchangeable K has been found to be maintained highest (189.20 mg kg-1) in the treatment T6 where K and Zn was applied combinedly at 60 and 5 mg kg-1 respectively followed by the treatment T 3 (185.39 mg kg-1) receiving K at its highest level (60 mg kg-1) with no application of Zn at 42 days period of submergence. As regards to the changes in cationic micronutrients, it was found that the amount of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn was maintained highest as 152.94, 64.94, 2.64 and 10.18 mg kg-1 270


respectively in the treatment T9 where K and Zn was applied simultaneously at their highest level at 42 days of incubation for Fe and Mn, 35 days of incubation for Cu and 14 days of incubation for Zn. It is interesting to note that the interaction effect of K at its highest level on the changes in cationic micronutrients was more pronounced while the effect of zinc at its lower level on the changes in K content in soil was recorded a highest value . The results suggest that the lower level of Zn has been proved superior on the availability of K in submerged soil whereas highest level of K was proved beneficial for the availability of cationic micronutrients under submerged soil conditions. G-34 Crop Improvement Using Nostoc spp. P. Ravi Kiran1*, G. V. N. S. Deviram 2 N. Sundara Rami Reddy3 and B. S. V. Kartick4 1,3,4Aurobindo Pharma Ltd, 2 GIS, GITAM University, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Nostoc, Crop Improvement

ABSTRACT

Plant nutrients are essential for the production of crops and healthy food for the world’s expanding population. Plant nutrients are therefore a vital component of sustainable agriculture. Increased crop production largely relies on the type of fertilizers used to supplement essential nutrients for plants. The blue green algae (cyanobacteria) are capable of fixing the atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into an available form of ammonium required for plant growth. Attempt towards the cultivation of vegetables viz., Phaseolus aureus (Green gram), Trigonella foenum (Fenugreek) and Corindrum sativum (Coriander) has been made in the soil media of Visakhapatnam. Addition of Cyanobacteria along with natural and artificial fertilizers to the soil media enhanced the average crop productivity by 10 - 15%. Physical and chemical characteristics of the soil are promoted by 2 - 3% and mineral content by 6%. Therefore a balanced fertilization strategy that combines the use of chemical and organic biofertilizer must be developed.

271


G-35 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Nitrifying Bacteria and N Transformation Rates in Tropical Rain-fed Rice Soil Paromita Ghosh G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development, Garhwal Unit, Upper Bhaktiyana, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India. Email: [email protected] Keywords : Ammonium oxidizers, N–Mineralization, Nitrification, Rainfed rice, Spatial, Temporal

distribution. ABSTRACT

The rates of N–mineralization, nitrification and nitrifier population fluctuations in planted (bulk), unplanted (bare) and rhizosphere rice soil was quantified in a tropical rainfed rice soil. There were significant differences in the nitrogen dynamics and nitrifier population. The growing rice plants made the soil more aerobic and increased the availability of substrates for the growth of nitrifiers, which resulted in a ten-fold higher nitrifier population in bulk soil in comparison to bare soil. The presence of rice plants created a soil gradient in respect of nitrifier population distribution which consequently affected their processes. Fertilization enhanced the nitrifier population and processes by acting as substrate for the nitrifiers as well as affecting proliferation of aerenchyma tissue and led to better plant growth characteristics. G-36 Soil Development Index (SDI) to Evaluate Effectively of Different Organic Inputs towards Soil Quality Development under FAO-CFC-TBI Project at Maud Tea Estate, Assam

1Inhana

R. Bera1*, M. Khan2 and D. Mazumdar3 Organic Research Foundation (IORF), West Bengal, India, 2Calcutta University, India, 3 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur - 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Organic, Inhana Rational Farming, Tomato

272


ABSTRACT

A study Was conducted at Maud tea estate (Assam), India under FAO-CFC-TBI Project during 2008-2011; and aimed for formulation of Soil Development Index (SDI) to evaluate the comparative variation in soil quality under application of different types of compost viz. vermicompost, Indigenous (FYM), Biodynamic and Novcom compost along with their respective crop performance.The result showed superiority of Novcom compost over others in terms of total NPK percent (4.26 %), total microbial count (at least 10 3 to 106 times higher c.f.u.) and germination index (21.3 % higher than the 2nd best value). Application of compost for 3 consecutive years to supply 60 kg N caused an overall increase in the value of soil quality parameters viz. organic carbon (51.6 to 70.7 %), available nutrient (i.e. N+P+K+S: 16.3 to 33.9 %), microbial population (27.0 to 37.2 %), available micronutrient (19.3 to 44.8 %) and different N forms.SDI was highest in case of Novcom compost treated plots (54.72) followed by plots receiving Biodynamic (37.81), vermi (32.05) and Indigenous (24.82) compost, which indicated higher potential of Novcom compost over other compost towards effective organic soil management in a speedy manner. The finding was further corroborated by crop performance data which showed highest crop yield in the Novcom compost applied plots. G-37 A Study on Variation of Soil Organic and Inorganic Carbon Stock under Nutrient Management System of Mulberry ( M orus a lba L.) R. Kar, S. K. Majumder, M. K. Ghosh and B. B. Bindroo, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Berhampore- 742 101, W.B. Keywords : Mulberry, Soil, Organic carbon stock, Inorganic carbon stock

ABSTRACT

The investigation has been initiated to study the extent of variation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks under mulberry ( Morus alba L., var. S-1635) nutrient management system comprising nutrient inputs of varying srcin. Under the experimentation, combinations of organic, inorganic and biological sources of nutrient inputs have been used along with sole inorganic nutrient inputs and control with no nutrient inputs in the mulberry plantation of 60 cm × 60 cm and 90 cm × 90 cm spacing. 273


SOC stock has been improved due to application of organic as well as inorganic combination of nutrients resources and also organic, inorganic as well as biological combination of nutrients resources over sole chemical fertilizers as well as treatment without any nutrient input. But, SIC stock has furnished its higher titre in sole chemical fertilizers as well as treatment without any nutrient input in comparison to others. The regression equation relating SIC stock (y) with SOC stock (x), y = 30.916 – 0.581x (R 2 = 0.682**), indicates an increase of one at the expense of the other. SOC stock has, in turn, imparted significant positive effect on most of the growth and yield attributes of mulberry (var. S-1635), but, SIC stock has imparted reverse effect on the same. Thus, mulberry nutrient management system comprising of inorganic, organic as well as biological combinations of nutrients resources is capable of maintaining such a balance between SOC and SICS stock that can exert positive influence on mulberry growth and productivity. G-38 Cultivation of Vetiver ( Vetiver i a zizanioi des) for Utilization of Sodic Soils R. P. Singh and S. K. S. Chandel Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi 221002(U.P), India Keywords : Sodic soil, Vetiver

ABSTRACT

Reclamation of sodic soils is very costly due to requirement of amendments irrigation and drainage facilities. Utilization of sodic soils for growing of aromatic crops may be solution for this problem. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2007-2010 in a sodic soil (pH 9.5, ECe 1.25 d Snll and ESP 56) to explore the possibilities of utilizing such soils for cultivation of vetiver ( Vetiveria zizanioides). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments (including control) and four replications. The treatments were To (control- no amendments), Ti (gypsum at 60% gypsum requirements /ha),T2 (sludge at 10 t/ha), 13 (hyacinth compost at10 t/ha), T4 (hyacinth compost at 3 t ha’ + gypsum at 40 % gypsum requirements), T5 (hyacinth compost at 3 t/haI + sludge at 5 t ha-I), To (hyacinth compost at 3 t/ ha + sludge at 2 t/ha + gypsum 274


at 40 % gypsum requirements/ha). Soil samples from the surface layer (0-15 cm) were collected at the end of the experiment and analyzed for pH, ECe, organic carbon (available, N, P, K and S. The root and oil yield significantly increased as compare to control due to application of organic and inorganic amendments. To was found to be statistically superior over all the treatments. Vetiver alone and in combination with amendments was able to reduce the sodicity and improve the fertility status of soil. The pH, ECe, ESP of the soil were decreased where as status of organic matter, available, N, P, K and S were increased. Maximum improvement was recorded with T6. G-39 Physical and Biological Resilience of Black Soil ( Vertisol ) Amended with Organic Manure R. Saha*, Vassanda Coumar, K. M. Hati, R. S. Chaudhary and A. Subba Rao Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, M. P – 462038. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Soil resilience & resistance, CBR, Cu stress, SMBC, Black soil

ABSTRACT

Black soils, most abundant in central India, possess low strength and undergo excessive volume changes. Some index properties like swell and shrink potential, plasticity, compaction, maximum dry density and strength characteristics of this soil are very important for estimation of soil physical resilience. Californian Bearing Ratio (CBR) indicates the soil’s resistance to force and swelland andplastic strength potential the was soil with the soil properties. Study indicated that thethe liquid limit of blackofsoil 54.4 and 20.7 %, respectively.. The low CBR (range 1.65-2.02 % and 4.36-5.52 % under soaked and unsoaked conditions, respectively) is attributed to its inherent low strength which is due to the dominance of the clay fraction.. Maximum dry density of black soil increased while optimum moisture content reduced under heavy compaction as compared to light compaction. The resilient modulous, defined as the ratio between repeated deviator stress and resilient strain, data (15.93-20.89 MPa and 45.09-57.09 MPa under soaked and unsoaked conditions, respectively) showed that external inputs either in organic form (FYM) must be applied to black soil for having better resilience. An incubation study was 275


carried out ascribed the recovery rate of black soil under various doses of fully decomposed FYM. Cu stress is given for reducing the short-term decomposition and to find the recovery rate under various FYM management (@ 5 - 50 g/kg of soil) practices. The result from the incubation study revealed that Cu stress significantly (17.98- 29.30%) reduced the soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and the enzymatic activities as compared to untreated soils (without Cu stress). Among the various treatments, soil without FYM showed the lower resistance, hence higher reduction in SMBC (70.70%) followed by other FYM treated soils (range 56.56 to 66.34 %) at the end of 2-4 weeks after incubation. At the end of incubation period (16 th week), microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) ranged from 173.76 to 352.66 mg/kg of soil under Cu stress and 239.04 to 371.33 mg/kg of soil under unstressed soil. In genreal, SMBC showed its recovery after 4 weeks of incubation period under Cu stressed condition. However, it showed recovery after 2 weeks only in case of higher doses of FYM application. G-40 Tetracycline Fabricated Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles - A New Avenue in Bacterial Treatment Riya Mukherjee, Mousumi Patra, Milon Banik, Debanjan Dutta, Arijit Chatterjee and Tarakdas Basu University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India. Keywords : Calcium phosphate, Tetracycline, Nano-composite, Antibacterial

ABSTRACT The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, SEM, AFM. By co-precipitation method in the presence of tetracycline yielded nanocomposite with average size of 110nm. The present study was conducted with the aim to develop a novel nanoparticle with calcium phosphate and tetracycline and its antibacterial efficiency. Here we used calcium phosphate nanoparticles to develop a unique and potent antimicrobial agent by surface decorating it with antibiotic tetracycline. During test, Nano composite were incubated with multi-drug resistant strains specifically tetracycline resistant strains and in parallel experiment done only with tetracycline as control. After incubation of 18hrs, the nanocomposite shows very exciting results with much higher bacteriocidal activity

276


compare to the control. In conclusion keeping in the mind the high biocompatibility and biodegradability of calcium phosphate nanocomposite can be used as future antibiotic, expected it pose no side effect. G-41 Changes in Non-Exchangeable K in an Acid and the Corresponding Limed Soil as Affected By Addition of Nitrogenous and Potassic Fertilizers Ruma Das* and Dipankar Saha Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Exchangeable and labile K, Acid soil, Limed soil, Non-exchangeable K, Nitrogen

and potassium fertilizer ABSTRACT

Non-exchangeable K reserves can significantly contribute the exchangeable and labile K in soil. The present investigation was conducted to study the changes in nonexchangeable K in a half limed, full limed as well as the corresponding unlimed soil, were fertilized with nitrogen (urea) and potassium (MOP) fertilizers either alone or in combination with optimum moisture level. The results showed that, irrespective of treatment, full limed soil recorded highest amount of non-exchangeable K over that of half limed as well as unlimed systems. However, during the 90 day period of incubation, nitrogenous and potassic fertilizer did not show any significant effect on non-exchangeable K content in soil. G-42 Soil Fertility Management of Established Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana ) Plantation under Lac Cultivation S. Ghosal Lac Production Division, Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi- 834010, Jharkhand, India. E mail: [email protected] Keywords : Ziziphus mauritiana, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Liming, Growth

277


ABSTRACT

Lac cultivation is a profitable option of agriculture for the farmers of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal etc. An experiment comprising levels of liming (liming and no liming), nitrogen (0, 100, 200 and 400 g/ tree), phosphorus (0 and 150 g/ tree) and potassium (0 and 150 g/ tree) to make 32 treatment combinations replicated thrice was launched in the research farm of Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi (23o23’N longitude, 85o23’ E latitude and 650 m above MSL) during 2007-10 to generate information on level of soil fertility required to sustain growth of the tree under kusmi lac cultivation in the winter season. Findings of the experiment indicated that under control condition, the average bio-mass production per tree started reducing @ 0.81 kg/ year and with application of 200 g nitrogen, 150 g each of phosphorus and potassium along with liming could increase bio-mass production per tree @ 2.97 kg/ year under lac cultivation. Chlorophyll Content Index (CCI) was significantly affected by liming and shoot dry matter percent remained significantly lower by potassium application. Liming could influence soil fertility markedly by increasing soil available potassium, organic carbon, electrical conductivity and pH. Annual variation on tree growth and soil fertility was assessed separately for three years. Relatively higher soil pH in the first year might have contributed in maintaining better soil fertility. G-43 Influence of Carbonates in Calcareous Soils of Northern Bihar S. K. Gangopadhyay*, S. K. Singh and D. C. Nayak National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR), Regional Centre, Salt lake,

Kolkata – 700 091, West Bengal. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Carbonates, Calcareous soil, Bihar.

ABSTRACT

The influence of CaCO3 on moisture and nutrient status is reported in calcareous soils producing bountiful Litchi, Rice, Wheat and Maize in Samastipur, Vaishali and Mujaffarpur districts of northern Bihar. Calcium carbonate is known for antagonistic effects on the availability of phosphorus, micro-nutrients and moisture. In the present study CaCO 3 has significant positive correlation with moisture and non-significant correlation with macro 278


and micro nutrients. CaCO3 also contributed significantly to available water capacity (AWC). The observation leads to conclude that CaCO3 in these soils helps in maintaining continuity of moisture supply and protect the crops from intermittent dry spell. CaCO3 also helps in developing micro- environmentof high humidity, which isneeded for setting high quality of Litchi. G-45 Effects of Liming on Different Forms of Acidity in Soils from Various Agro-Climatic Zones of West Bengal S. P. Badole*, Ashim Datta, Anindita Seth and Biswapati Mandal Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India, 741252. *Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] Keywords : Liming, Acidity

ABSTRACT

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of liming on changes in different forms of acidity. Thirty six surface (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected from different agro-climatic zones of West Bengal namely red-lateritic, terai, new alluvial and costal saline zones and incubated for 21 days with three doses of lime i.e. no lime, half lime and full lime of the lime requirement of soil. Results of analysis of soils showed that there were significant increase in pH of the soil and decrease in total acidity, hydrolytic acidity, exchange acidity, EBAl3+ and EBH+ upon liming. G-46 Soil Resource Based Land use Planning of Mathura District of Uttar Pradesh for Sustainable Agricultural Production S. K. Mahapatra*, Jaya N Surya, Tarsem Lal and G. S. Sidhu Natoinal Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, IARI Campus. New Delhi - 110012, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Remote sensing, Physiography, Alluvial plain, Entisols, Inceptisols, Land Use Plan.

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Abstract

Agriculture remains a principle force in sustaining the operation and growth of the whole economy even in highly industrialised countries. As population and human aspirations increase, land becomes an increasingly scare resource, calling for land use planning. Inventory of soil resources and evaluation of land capabilities are the key issues to develop land use plans for sustainable agricultural production. Thus, one district was taken up to identify soil resources and assess their suitability for various kinds of land utilizations beneficial for the land users. The soils occurring in various physiographic units were correlated and classified with respect to their morphological, physical and chemical characteristics. After soil correlation 20 soil series were identified and mapped into 35 soil series associations. Inceptisols occupy nearly 79.6 per cent while Entisols cover about 17.2 per cent area. Coarse-loamy soils occupy largest area followed by fine-loamy soils. Nearly 70 per cent lands are grouped into class II, 9 per cent land into class III, 15 per cent into class IV and 0.2 per cent into class VII. Soil salinity/sodicity, wetness and erosion are the major problems of the soil. Based on the soil and land qualities, land use plan was suggested. About 39 per cent area is suitable for major crops grown in the area. Nearly 27 per cent area is suitable to all crops and also suitable to agro-forestry. About 3 per cent area is suitable to salt tolerant crops while 11 percent area is suitable for agrihorticulture/agri-floriculture. Crops such as vegetables may be grown in 10 per cent area. About 0.3 per cent area may be encouraged for forestry/silvi-pasture. G-47 Potential Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials on Growth, Development and Biomass Production in Agriculture Based Crops Sanghdeep Gautam1*, Pragati Misra2, Pradeep K. Shukla3, P. W. Ramteke4, A. C. Pandey5 1,2Jacob School of Biotechnology and bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad. 3,4Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 5Nanotechnology Application Centre, Science Faulty Campus, University of Allahabad, Allahabad. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Nitrogen fixation, Plant growth, Biomasss

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ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology and the manufactured nanomaterials (MNM) industry continue rapid expansion. There is concern about build up in soils and possible MNM entry into the food supply. MNMs can enter soil through atmospheric routes. Another route of entry is wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) systems which are neither monitored nor regulated; having high affinity for activated sludge bacteria, concentrate in biosolids which are landapplied. Nanoparticles stimulate plant growth; most striking is the degree to which MNM bioaccumulate in tissues and leaves. Some MNMs like Nano-CeO2 impacts were different: low nano-CeO2 exposure promotes stunted plant growth and biomass. Further, CeO2 nanoparticles entering roots and root nodules, with higher amounts of nano-CeO2 nearly paralyze nodule-associated nitrogen fixation. In conclusion, high production MNMs are apt to change agriculture, and demonstrates the importance of managing waste streams to control such exposures. G-48 Structural Characteristics of Adsorbed Humic Acid on Clay Minerals Sanjib Kar*, Arup Chowdhury, AyanKumar Das and Subraprakash Kajli Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Humic acid, Kaolinite, Bentonite, Adsorption

ABSTRACT

This study examined the structural changes of humic acid (HA) after adsorption by two different types of clay minerals. Petrographic studies under polarized light for the first time provide direct evidence for adsorption interactions on mineral surface. The picture of pure-HA markedly differ from clay-humic adsorption complexes. Kaolinite surface contain higher amount of Na20, Al2O3, K2O and Fe2O3 than bentonite and makes it more reactive towards adsorption interaction with humic acid molecule. It was observed that exchangeable cations on the Kaolinite surface form stronger bond compared to bentonite at higher pH (pH=8.5), that is identified directly from petrographic pictures. 281


G-49 Copper Induced Toxic Responses on the Growth and Yield of Chick Pea (Cicer ari etin um L.) Cultivars Shiv Rama Krishnan*and Pranjali Ghodke Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Deemed University, Allahabad. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Chickpea, Copper, Chlorophyll, Protein, Ascorbic acid, Plant biomass, Varieties

ABSTRACT

A study has been conducted to study the effect of differential levels of Cu (0, 100, 200, 300 mg Cu/kg soil as CuSO 4.5H2O on growth and biochemical parameters in chick pea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Pusa 312 and Pant G 114). All the growth and yield decreased with an increase in Cu supply. Biochemical studies indicated steady decline in chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid and soluble protein content with an increasing Cu dose in both the varieties. Ascorbic acid content was found high in Cu supplied plants. Results obtained indicated that high dosages of Cu (200 and 300 ppm Cu) exerted significant inhibitory effect on shoot growth, root growth, chlorophyll and protein content which in turn resulted in reduction in biomass yield of chick pea. Both the varieties were affected due to excess Cu, effect being less pronounced in variety Pusa 312 in terms of lower decrease in growth attributes. G-50 Diversity of Arthrobacters Isolated for Exploiting Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanism from Salt and Drought Affected Soils of Rajasthan (India) Srinivasan R1*, A.K. Saxena2 and Mahesh S Yandigeri3 1Crop Production Division, IGFRI, Jhansi, U.P., 2Microbiology Division, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi – 12, 3Senior Scientist, NBAII, Bangalore. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Arthrobacter, Salt stress, Drought, Isolation, ARDRA.

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ABSTRACT

Isolation of arthrobacters was carried out from the soil samples collected from salt and drought affected soils of Rajasthan using a selective medium. These isolates were screened for their intrinsic resistance to salt and drought stress. Based on salt and drought tolerance, 15 isolates were selected for identification and characterization. All the 15 isolates were found to be Gram positive, non-endospore formers and were able to utilize fructose as carbon source. Of the 15 isolates, 14 were catalase positive, 13 showed the rod-coccus cycle and were able to utilize choline as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The cultures were identified with biochemical tests as Arthrobacter sp. (7); Brevibacterium sp. (5); Micrococcus sp. (1); Streptococcus sp. (1) and Corynebacterum sp. (1). The results of biochemical characterization of 12 isolates that were identified as Arthrobacter and Brevibacterium were further confirmed through a rapid and simple ARDRA method. The results of RFLP analysis obtained from the isolates were combined together with virtual digest of A. globiformis, A. pascens, A. nicotianae, A. citreus, and B. casei to construct a dendrogram. Among the two major clusters formed, cluster A contained all the accessions of genus Brevibacterium and the five isolates identified as Brevibacterium sp. on the basis of biochemical tests. The cluster B showed a subdivision at 66% similarity co-efficient. The sub cluster I contained remaining seven isolates, three reference strains and five accessions for Arthrobacter globiformis, A. citreus, A. pascens. The sub cluster II contained, one reference strain and one accession of A. nicotianae. The ARDRA although confirmed that all the seven isolates identified as Arthrobacter through biochemical characterization are actually arthrobacters but hard to identify the isolates at the species level since they had highly similar ARDRA profiles. To further confirm the results, 16S rDNA sequences of two isolates (Rj2 and Rj5) belonging to the Arthrobacter cluster and one isolate (Rj5) belonging to Brevibacterium cluster were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences revealed that the three isolates belonged to A. globiformis (Rj2), A. citreus (Rj51) and Brevibacterium sp. (Rj5). The results of our study provide insight into lack of differences in the conserved gene sequences among the species of Arthrobacter necessitates combination of methods for identification. 283


G-51 Decomposition of Oil Cakes Improves Microbial Activities and Plant Nutrient Status in Soil Sudeshna Mondal and Amal Chandra Das Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia – 741252, West Bengal. Keywords : Decomposition, Microorganisms, Oil cake, Plant nutrients, Soil

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of decomposition of four oil cakes, viz. mahua, neem, mustard and groundnut @ 5.0 t ha 1 on the activity of microorganisms and availability of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in an alluvial soil. Incorporation of oil cakes highly induced the proliferations of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil. Mustard cake followed by groundnut cake exerted maximum stimulation towards bacteria and actinomycete population, while neem cake harboured highest number of fungi in soil. The ecomposition of oil cakes exerted greater availability of plant nutrients. Non-edible oil cakes retained more amount of organic carbon and higher C:N ratio, while edible oil cakes accumulated significantly higher amount of available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Groundnut cake retained highest amount of total nitrogen in soil. G-52 Heterocycles in All Life Plant Feed Us - We Give Raw Materials Sundaresan RN Centre for Research & Development Lab (Recognized by DSIR) Keywords : Fertilizer, Heterocyclic, Runoff, Seepage, Biorhythm, Nutrients, Misnomer

ABSTRACT

Scientific reforms for fertilizer use, fertilizer saving from runoff, seepage, wastage, are saving water bodies, preventing dead zones. Introducing heterocylces which are 284


preferred by life. Herterocylces make the use of plant artificial growth regulators redundant. Inorganics can be minimized. Let us march with advancement in agriculture and horticulture to reduce expense and yield more. Let secondary photosynthesis given priority then Heterocyclic compound is must. By illogical inputs let us not impair biorhythm. Old order changes giving place to new. Posterity should be in safety. Now water, air, food and health are going towards danger zone. G-53 Stable Anthocyanin from Black Carrot: A Rich Source of Nutraceuticals Supradip Saha* and Aditi Kundu Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Nutraceuticals, Stable anthocyanin, Black carrot, Encapsulation

ABSTRACT

Natural pigments have gained commercial significance as food colorants due to its very basic nature of natural srcin. Acylated anthocyanins, which are known for their outstanding stability, serve as a major source of natural food colours for the food industry. Black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativits var. atrorubens. Ale) is one of the rich sources of acylated anthocyanin. Anthocyanin was extracted with methanol and purified by adsorbent resin before identification. Five cyanidin glycosides were identified and quantified in the roots by LC-ESI-MS. Out of five anthocyanins, concentration of cyanidin 3-xylosyl glucosyl galactoside, cyanidin 3-xylosyl galactoside and cyanidin 3- sinapoyl xylosyl glucosyl galactoside were in significant amount and other two, cyanidin 3- feruloyl xylosyl glucosyl galactoside and cyanidin 3-p-coutnaroyl xylosyl glucosyl galactoside were present in traces. Anthocyanin rich extract was encapsulated in maltodextrin for enhancing its stability. 285


G-54 Studies on Microbial Population Density and Soil Respiration in Cropland Soil and Middens of Earthworm Linnogaster pusillus , Stephenson Suruchi Kumari*and M. P. Sinha Ranchi University, Ranchi - 834008, Jharkhand, *Corresponding Author Email: suruchi.hte @gmail.com Keywords : Linnogaster pusillus, Midden, CO2 Evolution, Microbial Activity

ABSTRACT

The present paper dealt with the relationship of the microbial population and the CO 2 evolution in soil and midden of earthworm Linnogaster pusillus, Stephenson. A trend of decrease in bacterial population and CO2 evolution was recorded up to 42 days of observation in both the samples. The initial bacterial population (number/g soil) was found to be 36.3 ±1.504 X109 and 51.1±1.350 X109 in soil and midden respectively and thereafter a declining pattern was noticed. Maximum value of CO2 evolution (mg CO2/ kg soil/h) was 6.23± 0.98 and 8.20±1.72 observed in soil and midden respectively. A positive significant correlation was observed between the two in both soil and midden of earthworms with r2=0.9524 (pd”0.001) and 0.9856 (pd”0.01) respectively. The CO 2 release and bacterial population was comparatively higher in midden of earthworm than in cropland soil. G-55 Isolation and Characterization of Arsenic Tolerance and Transforming Bacteria from Arsenic Polluted Rice Fields of West Bengal T. Biswas* and S. C. Kole Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Arsenic, Bacteria, Tolerance, Bio-accumulation, Removal

286


ABSTRACT

Thirty arsenic tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from arsenic polluted rice field from Haringhata Block of Nadia district, West Bengal. The growth pattern and arsenic tolerance capacity of those isolates were studied by using different concentrations of the two arsenic species, AsV (500 to 10,000 mg L -1) and AsIII (50 to 1,000 g L -1) at 48 hours of incubation. Arsenic removal ability by the tolerant bacterial isolates, and that of cell bioaccumulation from arsenate and arsenite broth (50 mg L-1) were studied at different days of incubation. The selected strains were identified by using 16S rDNA technique. All bacterial isolates did not show same tolerability to arsenic toxicity. The isolates TB9, TB21, TB23, TB 24 and TB26 showed greater tolerance ability of both arsenate (As V) and arsenite (AsIII) and could grow up to 10,000 mg L-1 of AsV and 500 mg L -1 of AsIII in broth. Arsenic removal ability and that of cell bio-accumulation by the isolates increased with the increase in incubation period up to 21 days. The selected isolates could remove 5.7 - 10.5 ppm of arsenate (i.e. 11.4 - 21.0 %) and 5.0 – 9.1 ppm of arsenite (i.e. 10 – 18.2 %) from 50 mg L-1 of arsenic enriched broth. The bio-accumulation of arsenic by the isolate ranged from 4.7 – 8.8 ppm of arsenate (i.e. 9.4 – 17.6 %) and that of 4.3 – 7.6 ppm of arsenite (i.e. 8.6 – 15.2 %). The three efficient arsenic removing and bio-accumulating isolates, TB21, TB 23 and TB26 were aerobic, non-spore forming rod shaped gram negative bacteria and belong to the genus Pseudomonas. Molecular characterization of the strains based on sequencing of 16 S rDNA and subsequent comparision with existing databases, the isolates TB 21, TB 23 and TB 26 were identified as Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas syringae respectively.

G-56 Stability of Biochar Carbon - Its Implication on Carbon Sequestration and Microbial Activities in Soil T. J. Purakayastha, Himanshu Pathak and Savita Kumari Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Biochar, C minearalization, Microbial activities

287


ABSTRACT

In recent years the importance of biochar application in soil has increased tremendously due to its potential for long-term carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Biochar was prepared from maize, pearl millet, rice and wheat residues in low cost pyrolysis kiln at temperature between 350 to 400C. The biochar characterized for various chemical and physical properties and their stability and role on microbial activities was studied in a controlled incubation experiment over 15 weeks. The wheat and rice biochar exhibited higher CEC than the other biochar materials, while the pHs of maize and pearl millet biochar were higher over rice and wheat biochar. The maize biochar was highest in major, secondary and micronutrient contents. Total carbon content (was highest in pearl millet biochar (61%) followed by wheat biochar (52%) and rice biochar (49%) and maize biochar had lowest carbon content (37%). The cumulative carbon mineralization was found to be greater in soil treated with wheat biochar. The per cent carbon loss was lowest in pearl millet biochar (2.49%) followed by maize biochar (2.56%), wheat biochar (2.92%) and rice biochar (4.49%). Maize biochar having higher nutrient values and carbon stability could be advocated for enhancing soil fertility and long-term carbon sequestration. G-57 Effect of Sewage Sludge Application on Yield of Palak , Available Nutrients and Biological Properties of Soil Trisha Roy* and D. R. Biswas IARI, New Delhi. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Sewage sludge, Microbial biomass Carbon, Soil enzymes, Available nutrients

ABSTRACT

Changes in soil microbial properties and available macronutrients due to sludge application obtained from three wastewater treatment plants in Delhi (Okhla, Keshopur and Papankallan) was studied in a greenhouse experiment. Palak (Spinacia oleracea) was grown as the test crop with eight different treatments. The yield of Palak and organic C as well as available N, P and K status of soil improved significantly due to sludge amendment. Microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities improved due to 288


sludge application but slight decline was obtained due to higher dose of sludge application. The Papankallan sludge performed best among three sources with respect to yield increase of Palak. G-58 Fertility Status of the Soils of District Jhabua V. K. Singh, I. S. Tomar, R K Tripathi,M Singh and R K Yadav Krishi Vigyan Kendra, R. V. S. K. V. V., Jhabua Madhay Pradesh. India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Jhabua, Fertility status

ABSTRACT

Fertility survey of soil under soybean wheat cropping system of six development blocks of district Jhabua (namely Jhabua, Thadala, Meghnagar, Ranapur and Petalabad) was conducted in 2011 to generate information about there nutrient status. The soils of the study area develop in sandy loam. Soil sample were collected before soybean sowing and again after harvesting of soybean from 0-30 cm depth. Processed sample were analyzed for pH, EC, CaCO 3 available N, P, K, and S. The pH of soils ranged from 6.18.5 with a mean value of 7.3, ec range from 0.002-0.38 dsm-1 with a mean value of 0.13 dsm-1, organic carbon range from 2.3-5.1 g/kg with a mean value of 3 gm/kg and CaCO 3 range from 4-10 percent with a mean value of 7 percent. The entire sample had low organic carbon status. The available N, P, K and S content of the soil varied from 90250 kg/ha, 9-15 kg/ha, 150-500 kg/ha and 7-14 ppm. Almost all the samples were low in available n wears 96 percent low to medium in available P. The available K status of the soil was also high. About 80 percent of the sample were low and rest is medium in available S. Crops grown on these soils are likely to suffer largely from deficiency of N and S correlation coefficient between available major nutrient and soil properties showed that organic carbon was positively correlated with available N. Whereas pH was significantly and positively correlated with K. Balanced use of this nutrient was essential for realizing the full potential of the crops and also to obtain maximum profit from the use of costly inputs. 289


G-59 Influenced of Organic Chemical and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Biochemical Parameters in Ashwagandha (With ania somnif era L. Dunal) Vimal Patidar*, S. K. Dwivedi, A. Upadhyay, Preeti Sagar Nayak*, R. K. Samaiya and S. Rao College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidalaya (JNKVV), Jabalpur (M.P.) India. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Withania somnifera, Ashwagandha, Withanolides

ABSTRACT

Ashwagandha has been identified as a potential cash crop for greening the dry land zone and making the wasteland productive. It is an important drug dry root contains various withanoloides, which is used for hiccup, female disorders, cough, rheumatism, dropsy, anti-inflammatory and neuro tonic. With the growth of ayurvedic industry, there is great demand for the raw material of medicinal plants. Keeping this in view, an experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of organic chemical and integrated nutrient management practices on biochemical changes in Ashwagandha. The result revealed that T12 (50% NPK per ha + 5 tonnes per ha FYM + 3kg per ha PSB + 3kg per ha Azotobacter + 5kg per ha Zn) and T7 (10 tonnes per ha FYM + 3kg per ha PSB + 3kg per ha Azotobacter + 5kg per ha Zn) significantly improved the various nutrient viz: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein, oil, fibre, moisture, leaf chlorophyll contents,

carotenoids, quality parameters including withaferin A, withanolide A and withanolide B. The optimal requirements for various treatments determined in present studies for roots of Ashwagandha, would be very helpful to enhance the economic conditions of farmers and subsequently pharmaceutical industry for getting quality plant products to be used in manufacturing of potential drugs to eradicate diseases and increase vitality.

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G-60 Soil Science for Shaping the Future of Agriculture in India B. P. Bhaskar, D. Sarkar, S. N. Goswami and Tapas Bhattacharyya National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, ICAR, Amravati road, Nagpur-440033. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Keywords : Soils, Natural bodies, Degradation, Urbanization, Agriculture, Civilizations, Soil

Literacy ABSTRACT

Science is a social practise of the community of scientists by which knowledge is gained and passed on to generations over a period of time for the benefit of human society. The human societies in early civilizations, considered soils as part of nature but did not conduct experiments to test their theories. Historical records proved that the selfdestructive interactions between humans and soils led to extinction of societies (e.g. the mayan civilization of gautemala), whereas flourished societies have symbiotic relationship based on mutual enhancement, nurturing soils and restoring degraded ecosystems. A systematic use of soils by humans began with practice of agriculture and later with development of genetic soil science by Vasilii V. Dokuchaev in 19th century. This had profound impact on how soils were studied, classified and perceived by the societies. Realising soils as geomembrane, pool of flora and fauna, uncharismatic foundation of human life and a reactor of numerous biophysical and chemical transformations, the outlook changed and new visions cropped up with new wave of thoughts to address future socio-environmental issues considering realities hidden in soils. In 20th century, the soil knowledge crossed over the agricultural roots and became an integral part of land use evaluations. A point of journey began with a digging of soil bodies on its natural terrain and mapped over the space with a possible observable discontinuities between landscape units. Explorations in future must continue with the bundle of theories and accepting the self defeating views in adoption and innovation of agro technologies by farmers on the ground. The modern civilisations characterized by large populations, numerous demands and aspirations cannot survive without realizing the functions of soils and their ecosystem services in fulfilling their future demands. An attempt is made to explore the pressing present and future environmental soil challenges for agricultural use. 291

ABSTRACTS OF ORAL/POSTER PRESENTATIONS -100th Indian Science Congress

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