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Kashmir is perhaps to possess an authentic account of its History from the very earliest period. This past account of the valley, its culture and traditions, rise and fall of various Kingdoms, victory and defeats of the people have been noted careful
M.Tech Theisis on Analysis of Building Under Blast Load. Analysis done in Ansys. Code used TM 5- 1300Full description
Loading facilities for the truck loadings.
Of Foundation Loadings Under Cranes by Ron Kohner, PE
CRANE FOUNDATION LOADINGS
“Allowable Bearing Capacity of Capacity of the soil at a given site is a loading intensity which is so limited that it provides an adequate factor of safety against soil rupture and also insures that settlement due to static loading will not exceed the tolerable value.” Basic Soil Engineering by B.K. Hough
250 TON CRAWLER CRANE – GROSS WEIGHT Counterweight
140000 lbs.
Machinery Deck
83000 lbs.
Carbody
48000 lbs.
Crawler Sideframes
94000 lbs.
Boom
25000 lbs.
Hook Load
110000 lbs.
TOTAL
500000 lbs.
250 TON CRAWLER CRANE – BEARING FOOTPRINT Bearing Length (First-Last Track Roller ) 22.2 ft. Track Shoe Width
50 in.
Average (Minimum) Bearing Pressure 500000 lbs. 22.2 ft. x 12 in./ft. x 50 in. x 2
= 19 psi (2736 psf)
Gap Contact
Hardwood Crane Mats on Compacted Fill
Mats under outriggers to reduce point pressures on ground
How Much Mat Width Is Effective In Distributing Load To The Soil?
It Depends On What Type Of Soil The Mats Are Placed On
High Crawler Track Loads
Minimum Effective Width
45o
Maximum Effective Width
Theoretical Effective Mat Width
Limited Soil Contact – No Settlement
High Crawler Track Loads
High Soil Pressures
Strong, Hard Soil Does Not Yield to Distribute Load Under A Mat
Crawler Track Settles This Amount Under Load (Crane Out Of Level?)
High Crawler Track Loads
Soil Compresses - Full Mat Width In Contact With Soil (Uniform Pressure Distribution)
Mat Stronger Than Soft Soil
Crane
Proper Mat Use
High Crawler Track Loads Track Centered On Mat
Mats & Crane Leveled
Full Mat Width In Contact With Soil Bearing Pressure Less Than Allowable For Soil (Uniform Pressure Distribution)
Mat Stronger Than Soil
Ski lift headgear Embankment edge
High Crawler Track Loads Weak Mat Bends Under Load
Crawler Track Has Settled This Amount (Crane Out Of Level?)
Soil Compresses - Full Mat Width In Contact With Soil (Uneven Soil Pressure Distribution)
Soil Stronger Than Mat
High Crawler Track T rack Loads
Undersized Timbers
Weak Timbers Bend - Soil Pressures Concentrate Concentrate In The Center Until Until Soil Yields - Timbers Break! Bre ak!
Mat Timbers Too Weak
Outrigger Beam
Broken Cribbing Concrete Slab
Cribbing/Matting Can Fail By: •
Bearing (Crushing at the surface)
•
Bending
•
Horizontal Shear (Splitting Longitudinally)
High Crawler Track Loads
Mat Tilts Up Reducing Soil Contact And Further Increasing Bearing Pressure
Soil Compresses Under High End Bearing Pressure
Crawler Track Off Center On Mat
THE CRANE
THE RIGGING
What Could Fail ? A Lift Plan Must Consider •
THE LOAD
• • •
The Foundation The Crane The Load The Rigging &
The WORK Plan
THE FOUNDATION
A comprehensive lift plan covers: Soil How will the crane be supported?
•
–
Soil Key Questions –
What loads will the tires/outriggers/crawler tracks put on the soil? •
Can the soil withstand the tire/outrigger/crawler track loadings? •
Will matting or cribbing be necessary?
•
Has the surface been properly prepared and leveled? •
Are there underground cavities or utilities?
•
•
Manitowoc Ground Pressure Estimator
•
Grove CompuCrane
•
Liebherr LICCON
•
Link Belt Internet Website
•
3D Lift Plan
Ground penetrating radar used by a skilled operator can detect subsurface discontinuities
