Preparation # 22 Peppermint Spirit Formula: OA Peppermint oil 100 mL Pepper Peppermi mint nt leav leaves es 10 g Alcohol qs ad 1000 mL
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Procedures: 1. &iss &issol olve ve ammo ammoni nium um car, car,on onat ate e and and strong ammonia solution in ) mL $2O. 1/ 2. Stand and or or 2( hou hours. rs. %. &iss &issol olve ve lemon emon oil il nut nutmeg oil and and lavender oil in 21 mL alcohol. 2/ (. i* i* the the to to sol solut utio ions ns.. ". Stand and or or 2( hou hours. rs. ). Filt Filter er i tur,i ur,id. d. !. qs ad $2O $2O to to ma+ ma+e e %0 %0 mL. mL. *t *tract ractiv ives es:: prod produc ucts ts prep prepar ared ed e*traction o drug ith suita,le solvent
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Process: Percolation &igestion 4 ith the aid o gentle heat 5nusion 4 6,lanching78 addition o hot $2O &ecoction 4 ,oiling or 1" minutes aceration 4 su,merging the solute
*tract 2 to )* more potent than crude drug 93pes: o Semi liquid 4 s3rup38 20 mL solvent let Pilular 4 solid e*tract plastic o mass masses es all all solv solven entt has has ,een evaporated o &r3 &r3 pod poder er 4 pod poder ered ed e*tr e*trac act8 t8 star starch ch3 3 drug drugs8 s8 e*amples: cassava radish •
Procedures: 1. acera acerate te the pepper peppermi mint nt leav leaves es in in !." !." mL o d$2O. Agitate or 1 hour. 2. Stra Strain in thr throu ough gh il ilte terr pape paper. r. %. &isc &iscar ard d aque aqueou ous s solut olutiion. on. 'olle ollec ct leaves. (. ace acera rate te lea leave ves s in 1%." 1%." mL mL alco alcohol hol.. Stand or ) hours. ". Filt Filter er.. 'ol 'olle lect ct the the il iltr trat ate. e. ). i* i* pepp pepper erm mint int oil. oil. !. qs ad alco alcoho holl to to ma+ ma+e e 1" 1" mL. mL. Preparation # 2% Aromatic Ammonia Ammonia Spirit Formula: OA Ammonium car,onate car,onate %( g Strong ammonia soln. %) mL Lemon oil 10 mL Lavender oil 1 mL -utmeg oil 1 mL Alcohol !00 mL p$2O qs ad 1000 mL
Proc Proces ess s & 4 hot hot $2O $2O as menstruum Process 4 longernarroer percolation
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Preparation # 2( 5odine tincture ?ses: ?ses: local local antise antisepti ptic c germic germicide ide ungicide -a5 4 solu,i solu,ili@ li@ing ing agent8 agent8 preven prevents ts ormation o eth3l iodide -a5 52 ;B -a5% once ormed 52 ill not not reac reactt ith ith alcoh lcoho ol to orm orm acetal acetaldeh deh3d 3de e and $5 causin causing g pain pain hen solution is applied/
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Form Formul ula: a: OA 5odine cr3stal Sodium iodide Alcohol p$2O qs ad
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Cl3cerites Solu Soluti tion on or mi*t mi*tur ure e o medi medici cinal nal su,sta su,stance nces s in nlt "0< ,3 eight eight o gl3cerin ost ost gl3cer gl3cerite ites s are viscou viscous s hile hile some are Jell3;li+e ?sed ?sed to prep prepar are e aque aqueo ous and alcoholic dilutions o su,tances hich are are not not read readil il3 3 solu solu,le ,le in $2O $2O or alcohol Protecta Protectant nt emollient emollient pill e*cipient e*cipient su,stitute or att3 ointment $3groscopic •
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Cl3cerin Geducing agent Should Should not ,e triturat triturated ed ith strong o*idi@ing agent li+e KnO( chromium trio*ide or K'lO% 5t produc produces es colora coloratio tion n ith ith phenol phenol sali salic3 c3la lattes es tann tannin in etc. etc. due due to contamination ith iron Stro Strong ng $-O% $-O% $2SO $2SO( ( conv conver erts ts gl3cerin into an e*plosive nitrogl3cerin 'ontains %;O$ group Solu,le in $2O 4 $3groscopic • •
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Procedures: 1. &iss &issol olve ve -a5 -a5 in in alco alcoho hol. l. 2. Add Add 5od 5odin ine e cr3 cr3st stal als. s. %. Add Add eno enoug ugh h p$2O p$2O to ma+e ma+e %0 mL. mL. Liniments: Liniments: solution solution or mi*ture mi*ture o various various su,stances in oil alcoholic solution o soap or emul emuls sion ion int intende ended d or e*t e*terna ernall application application88 also called called as 6em,rocat 6em,rocation ion ru,,ingriction/7 93pes: 1. Alcoholic 5nte 5ntend nded ed gene genera rall3 ll3 or or thei their r ru,eacien ru,eacient t counterirr counterirritant itant mild astringent and penetration eects Penetrat Penetrates es the s+in readil3 readil3 than the oil ,ase 2 . Oi l 3 ild ilder er in acti action on ,ut ,ut are are more more useul hen massage is desired •
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93pes: a/ 9incture Alcoholich3droalcoholic Alcoholich3droalcoholic solution prep prepar ared ed rom rom vege vegetta,le a,le or anima animall drug drug or rom rom chemic chemical al su,stances 10;20< potenc3 10;20 g 100 mL/ = "0< alcohol content Preparation: o Simp Simple le solu soluti tion on 4 5odi 5odine ne tincture o Percol Percolati ation on 4 >ella >elladon donna na tincture o aceration 4 Seet orange peel tincture ,/ Fluide*tract 1 g 1 mL 100< tincture Alcohol as solvent potent too ,itter tasting Preparation: o Percolation o Process A 4 e*tract is read3 or assa3
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5n a separa separate te cont contain ainer er dissol dissolve ve soap soap in I mL o p$2O. Add #1 and #2. Set it it asid aside e or or 2( hour hours s in a cool place. Filter. qs ad ad $2O $2O to com compl plet ete e the the volu volume me..
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20 g 2( g "00 mL 1000 mL
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Preparation # 2) Starch gl3cerite Formula: OA Starch 100 g >en@oic acid 2g p$2O 200 g ;B 200 mL Cl3cerin 1.2" gmL/!00 g ;B mL 1000 g Procedures: 1. 9rit 9ritur urat ate e starc starch h and ,en ,en@o @oic ic acid acid in a mortar and ru, in $2O until a smooth mi*ture is ormed past3/. 2. Add Add gl3c gl3cer erin in trit tritur urat ate. e. %. 9ran 9rans ser er to to ina inall cont contain ainer er.. (. $eat $eat mi*t mi*tur ure e in a sand and ,at ,ath 1(0 1(0;; 1((M 1((M'/ '/ ith ith gent gentle le occa occasi sion onal al agitation agitation until until a transluce translucent nt Jell3;li+e Jell3;li+e mass is o,tained.
Ceneral use: protectant coating depending on the ingredient in the preparation D Should Should not ,e applie applied d on ,ruises ,ruises and ,ro+en s+in
i*tures: aqueous liquid preparation hich cont contai ain n suspe uspend nded ed sus suspe pens nsoi oids ds/ / insolu,le solid su,stance ?ses ?ses suit suita, a,le le susp suspen endi ding ng or thic+ening agents
Preparation # 2" 'amphor E Soap Liniment ?ses: local anesthetic or sprain and rheumatism Soaps rom animals cause gelatini@ation
5nsolu,le su,stances ; Ner3 inel inel3 3 di divide vided d sta statte ; ?ni ?nior orm ml3 dist distrri,ut i,uted ed ; Acco Accomp mpli lish shed ed ,3 col collo loid id mill mill spec specia iall method suspending agents
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Formula: 'amphor Soap Gosemar3 oil Alcohol Hater qs ad
OA (" g )0 g 10 mL !00 mL 1000 mL
'A 1.%" g 1. g 0.% mL 21 mL %0 mL
Procedures: 1. &iss &issol olve ve camp campho horr and ros rosem emar ar3 3 oil in in 21 mL o alcohol.
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Ner3 ine inel3 l3 divi divide ded d ore active as adsor,ents and prot protec ecti tive ves s hen hen in cont contac actt ith ith inlamed area Susp Suspen ende ded d rea readi dil3 l3 and and sett settle le slo slol3 l3 9o increase palata,ilit3 o the preparatio preparation n ith the use o colloidal colloidal suspending agents asil asil3 3 dis disp pers ersed ?nior ?niorml3 ml3 disper disperse sedd ddist istri, ri,ute uted d
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&oes not settle easil3
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Lotion: colloidal dispersion 1um 4 0." um agmas E gels: ine dispersion 0.";10 um i*tures: ine dispersion B 0." um Preparation # 2! 'hal+ mi*ture Formula: OA 'A Prepared chal+ 'a'O%/ )0 g 0.I g Cl3cerin 100 mL 1." mL viscosit3 modiier/ 'innamon ater (00 mL ) mL lavorant/ P$2O qs ad 1000 mL 1" mL Procedures: 1. 9riturate chal+ in " mL ater. 2. Add gl3cerin and triturate to orm a smooth paste. %. Add cinnamon ater and triturate. (. 9ran ser mi*tu re i n a graduated c3linder. ". Hash mortar ith p$2 O a nd add rinsing to mi*ture in the graduated c3linder ). qs ad $2O mulsion: to phase s3stem in hich one liquid is dispersed in the orm o small glo,ules throughout another liquid in hich it is immisci,le 'omponents: 1. &ispersed liquid5nternal&iscontinuous 2. &ispersion medium*ternal'ontinuous %. 5n termedia te agentmulsi3ing agent&ispersing o solu,ili@ing agent 93pes o emulsi3ing agent: 1. -atural a. Animal 4 egg 3ol+s gelatin casein ool at cholesterol ,. Negeta,les 4 acacia tragacanth pectin chondrus carageenan 2. S3nthetic a. Finel3 divided solid 4 AlO$/% gO$/2 g trisilicate ,. 'olloid 4 colloidal cla3s ,entonite magma +aolin c. Anionic 4 sodium laur3l sulate d. 'ationic 4 ,en@al+onium chloride cet3lp3ridinium chloride e. -on;ionic 4 sor,itan esters and pol3sor,ates PC (00 spans and teens . Amphoteric 4 lecithin used in 5N8 at emulsions/ Anionic 'ationic -on;ionic 4 Hetting agents •
93pes o emulsion: 1. Simple: o or o 2. ultiple: o oo %. icroemulsion: 100 A 4 1000 A 10 millimicrons 4 100 millimicrons 1 A 0.1 nm ethod o preparation:
Het or nglish 4 (:2:1 &r3 or 'ontinental 4 same proportion dierent order o mi*ing >ottle or For,es 4 volatile oils or lo viscosit3 oleaginous su,stances
Pro,lems: ; 'reaming ; 'rac+ed>ro+en ; Phase inversion o ;B o/ ethod o identiication o emulsion: 1. &rop dilution method 2. &3e solu,ilit3 test a. Sudan red 4 oil ,. Amaranth green 4 ater %. lectric conductivit3 test (. Fluorescence test Preparation # 2 ineral oil emulsion ; 'athartic ; o Formula: ineral oil internal/ Acacia emulsi3ing agent/ S3rup seetening agent/ Nanillin lavorant/ Alcohol preservative/ p$2O qs ad e*ternal/
OA "00 mL 12" g 100 mL (0 mg )0 mL 1000 mL
Procedures: a/ &r3 gum 1. 9riturate mineral oil. 2. Add acacia in portion and triturate. %. Add $2O and triturate. (. Add s3rup in portion ith trituration. ". &issolve vanillin in alcohol then and portion ith trituration. ). Add enough ater to ma+e %0 mL. ,/ Het gum 1. 9riturate acacia. 2. Add $2O and continue triturating. %. Add oil in portion. (. Add s3rup in portion. ". &issolve vanillin in alcohol then and portion ith trituration. ). Add enough $2O to ma+e %0 mL. Cels ; Suspension in a ater medium o insolu,le drugs in h3drated rom herein the particle si@e approaches or attain colloidal dimension ; 9hi*otrop3 ; $ave ver3 ine particle si@e to achieve large surace thus ma*imum a,sorption capacit3 ; a3 contain peppermint oil gl3cerin sor,itol sucrose saccharin or other suita,le lavor and preservative in a total amount o not e*ceeding 0."< Preparation # 2I Aluminum h3dro*ide gel Formula OA 'A Ammonium alum 00 g 12 g Sodium car,onate 1000 g 1" g Peppermint oil 0.01< 0.01< ; 1 gtt Sodium ,en@oate 0.1< 0.1< p$2O 2000 mL %0 mL
Procedures: 1. &issolve sodium car,onate in )0 mL hot $2O. 2. &issolve alum in %0 mL hot $2O. %. Filter the alum solution in the car,onate solution. (. Add )0 mL hot $2O ith stirring to allo gas to escape " mins/. ". &ilute to 1200 mL ith cold ater. S9A-&. &'A-9. ). Suspend residue in %0 mL puriied ater lavored ith peppermint oil and preserve ith sodium ,en@oate. !. $omogeni@e the resulting gel. Lotion ; Liquid suspension or dispersion intended or e*ternal application to the ,od3 applied ithout riction ; 5nsolu,le matter are inel3 divided as particles approaching colloidal dimensions are more soothing to inlamed areas and are more eective in contact ith inected surace ethod o preparation: 1. 9riturating ingredients to a smooth paste and then cautiousl3 adding the remaining liquid phase high speed mi*ers homogeni@ers/ 4 'alamine lotion 2. >3 chemical interaction in the liquid 4 Hhite lotion reshl3 prepared and does not contain suspending agent/
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nSO( K2S% ;B nS 2S K2SO( K2S% 4 sulurated potash nS 4 hite sulide 'lear solu tion 4 h ich the active ingredi ent is $2O;solu, le 4 &emethisoquin $'l lotion Lotions are preerred over semi;solid preparation ,ecause o nongreas3 character and high spreada,ilit3 over large areas o s+in.
Preparation # %0 'alamine lotion ; Antipruritic Formula: 'alamine inc o*ide Cl3cerin >en toni te magma 'aO$/2 top. soln. qs ad
OA 0 g 0 g 20 mL 2"0 mL 1000 mL
'A 2.( g 2.( g 0.) mL !." mL %0 mL
Procedures: 1. &ilute ,entonite magma ith an equal volume o 'aO$/2 topical solution. 2. i* calamine and nO alternatel3 ith gl3cerin to orm a smooth paste. %. Add !." mL o diluted magma. (. 9ritu ra te and add the rema ining magma. ". Add enough 'aO$/2 topical solution to complete the volume. &isso9ri
