IS
Wwk/
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:2
miiraT@?p-m
?Jwl-1-trfa Fi-Rm
W$$-’k’il %’Fi’7
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jg?mf
25.2 25.220 20.4 .40; 0; 75.2 75.200 00
.,,,
Corr Co rros osic ic
Prot Protec ecti tion on an Fini Finish shes es Sect Sectio iona na
ommi ommitt ttee ee MT
24
FOREWORD This This In ia Stan Stan ar (Fir (First st evis evisio ion) n) wa ad pted pted by th Bu Bure reau au In ia Stan Standa da ds afte afte th ra fina finali lize ze th Co Corr rros osio io Prot Protec ecti tion on an Fini Finish shes es Sect Sectio iona na Co Comm mmit itte te ha been been appr approv oved ed by th Meta Metall llur urgi gica ca Engi Engine neer erin in Divisi Division on Co Coun unci cil. l. mini minimu mu
requ requir irem emen ents ts fo th cont contro ro of exte extern rnal al corr corros osio io an unde underg rgro roun un
pipe pipeli line ne/s /str truc uctu ture re
In this this revi revisi si n, foll follow owin in modi modifi fica cati ti ns have have been been made made a)
Requ Requir irem emen en
th foll foll wing wing In ia Stan Standa dard rd have have been been me ged: ged:
principles Unde Underg rgro roun un b)
pipe pipeli line ne
tran transp spor orta tati ti natu natura ra gas, gas, il an liqu liquid id keep keepin in in ie coun countr tr in layi laying ng of buri buried ed pipe pipeli line ne/s /str truc uctu ture re
c)
Ne
d)
ee in lu
atho athodi di pr tect tectio io
th
assi assist st ce
Part Part 1: 00
ee
been been incl includ uded ed
ed
an natu natura ra ga in ustr ustrie ie Cath Cathod odic ic prot protec ecti tion on ti yste ystems ms tr Inte Intern rnat atio iona na Orga Organi niza zati tion on fo Stan Standa dard rdiz izat atio io (1S0 (1S0
pipe pipeli liie ie/s /str truc uctu tu ss
Stan Standa dard rd test test meth method od fo labo labora rato tory ry eval evalua uati tion on of magn magnes esiu iu sacr sacrif ific icia ia anod anod test test spec specim imen en or unde underg rgro ro nd appl applic icat atio ions ns issu issued ed th Amer Americ ican an Soci Societ et fo Test Testin in an Mate Materi rial al si su al syst system ems, s, issu issued ed by th Nati Nation onal al Asso Associ ciat atio io of Co Corr rros osio io Engi Engine neer er (lQA (lQACE CE), ), USA
RP 16 :200 :200
ti
th
urin urin oper operat atio io an main mainte tena nanc nc ha
Petr Petrol oleu eu
ST
NA
cl se
desi design gn surv survey ey an surv survey ey
is st
1S 15 89
th
th pres presen en prac practi tice ce bein bein foll foll we in th
it
sp si
th
ic
io
es
this this stan stan
A.
ig
la es
IS 8062:200
IS 8062:200
TERMINOLOG belo prevention agains corrosio of external undergroun buri surf ce of metall high pr ssur hydroc rbon produc pipeline/structure
shal apply.
od corrosio cell at whic oxidatio occurs.Electrons flow normally metallic Corrosio usuall occurs an meta on nt he electrolyt at he anod
od de an maintained during servic life of pipeline/structure
REFERENCES
hi
rd
ns
he
on
should have lo resistivity, moisture retajnin capacity
di
on ac be we standard re en ourage indicate
nv st ga
he poss bi ty
Standard
Title
Standard test method fo laboratory evaluation of magnesiu sacrificia anode tes specimens for underground applications
Bond
nd th
nviron en
ta piec having very tt
ectr ca
insulate from on another. orro io (pro
IS 10221:1982 wr ppin of undergroun pipeline/structure IS 1556
3.
he anod
different -pipeline/structure.
below:
1997
orro io
de resultin fkomth flow of curren betwee th electrod ,,,, and electrolyte.
facilitate th us of in-lin “inspectio tools.
hi
ha acts as he anod of an lectroch mi al cell.
Petroleu
mi
tion
el at wh ch redu tion occurs urrent is pi ke up ro
stee
an natura ga industries
caused by produc
of
submerge pipeline used in pipeline hydrocarbons: Po yo fi coatings (3-l ye pe an 3-laye pp Fusion bonded epox coatings
an le trolyt
cathod
reac ion. ro
electrolyt an electrode metallic pipeline/structure from corrosio by-makin
1S 8062:200 it
pipeline/structure from th surroutiding electrolytic environment.
an electrode surface device us
intervening electrolyte
redu An
Ground
in lectri circuits whic al ow th flow
he
on
pl pr voltage levels ar exceeded.
hr
backfill. 3.14 Coatin Corros on prot ctiv oating onsist variou compon nts/layers dielectr teri nd is appl ed pipe ne stru ture solate fr ts immedi te nviron en an prov de un form re be pipeline/structure an surroundin electrolyte. nd
pe ng
ns
undergroundPsttbmerged pipeline/structure soil/water.
throug
on ou pa ne resultin in loca cell action an aconsequent corrosio of th less er te parts.
ou resistance in th other,
nsul oa immediat environment, nsul connection that provides electrical continuity
ri catholically ptotected/affected pipeline/structure bac to it source dircntgl an external conductor. current. od
electrochemical reaction
environment.
3.20 Corros on he ix potent freely corrodin pipe/pipeline/stiuctir surfac with referenc to an electrod in contac with th electrolyt surrounding the pipe/pipeli~8)structure ro he environment.
be
ge
ng es ablishin
proc eds. (I tm ly expresse as ithe we gh os or penetr tion pe un me). ys
nd ou sses ne achiev permtmen protectio agains electrochemical cortosiuri
uc on
ge
prot tive circui
a)
or th effectivenes of cathodic protection
effectivenes of
plan.
cathodic protection system
ge bl Th driv ng voltag
curren system is-variable.
fa conducto in direct connection therewith;
b) corrosio
he op
earth; an c)
na
be
mass of ar h.
para structur or th environment.
IS 8062:200
3,38 involves coordinate ba corrosio
electrical measurements take to
ourc
3.51
control.
3.39 (i luding rbon an electrolyte.
on pipeline st uctu an extern po pr viding thodic prot tion it
impressed current. hi
3.40
rrie
ur nt in
ou of
chemical substanc containing An
pipeline
3.52
3.53
mean of impresse current.
of interest 3.42
Th
le trod
galv ni structure. 3.55 Instant
sacrificia anodes. protection current.
3.43
pi elin /structure is suppli de ignate System.
as Sa if ia
by galv ni node
nodes. As
thodic Prot
io
Pipeline/structure
to
switchin on al source of applie cathodic protection current. 3.57 Insulating
3.44
commo
3:56
continuity.
electrolyte. pa
3.45
ng
bein established in whic th pipeline/structure form
3.58 urrent on le tric pa amet pipeline/structure.
in udin potentia of
3.59 An intentiona metallic onne tion de igne nt ol th le tric ur nt flowin betwee metallic systems. structure. two points of soil/wate electrolyte due to flo of current.
3.46
given environment 3.47
thodic pr te tion througil electrolyte.
system of buried or submerge od urrent to pipeline/s ru tu
betw tw length of pipeline/s ru tu electrical continuity betwee them pipeline/structure
oupl
th ou
pr pare ba kfil
xtur
3.49
otherwis unifor protective coatin that expose th ta th urroundi rt 3.50
direc curren impressed
metallic pipeline/structure.
si ultaneousl
on
meta surface.
to prev nt
IS 8062:2006 3.78 electrolyte potentia measured when pipeline/structure is le li cathodic protection system 3.66 On Potentia Pi eline/struct re to electrolyt potentia measured whil cathodic protection system is continuously operating. 3.67 An installation in whic th anodes ar surrounded only by an aqueou electrolyte.
a.
su ly
3.79 an secondary pipeline/structure to eliminate or reduce corrosion interaction. 3.80 whic no measurable voltages caused by curren flow occu betwee an tw points 3.8.1
bond either incorporatin
purpos .o limiting curren flow Resistanc between opposit faces
3.82 Resistivity conductiv
material backfill
centimeter cube.
‘3.69
Th potentia
3.70
su /f
ip in /s electrolyt
as is
ct
el
it
issi
soil sult an th electrol te su ro ndin
3.72 co sist in an aqueou electrolyte.
we
th
it li ll
evic la es
3.73 rainag in whic th co nectio betwee rotected affected pipeline/structure an source of stra currents lu es se sw tc unidirectional flow of current. 3.74
Th
tr
ll interference. 3.86 pr te ti
as
sult ,,
Preventin or divertin th cathodi curren ro it inte de at
3.8 Shorted-Pipeline/Structure casing whic is in direct metallic contac with th carrie ipe. isti ty su sica an chemical characte istics soil to co duct electricit expressed .i units of ohm-centimetre or ohm-metres 3.89
Reasoning
otential across th se tr sens in th applicatio of science.
polarization. 3.75
that metalli
prevents th reversal of direct curren throug conductor.
electr de in contac with th electr lyte
3.71 le electrod
in
3.90 whic
ca
is unintende
struct re on whic interference take place. 3.76 be picked up on th ipeline/structur protectiv potential.
sothat
reache
pipeline/structure with referenc to specified standar le ch si th meta is insignificant
circuit.
3.91 resultin om stra curren transfer betwee th pipe and electrolyte 3.92 result of geomagneti pipeline/str ctur
an
fluctuations ther device ar terminated to
IS 8062:2006
acilitat tests/measuremen with re ar to corrosio activity, effect of cathodi protectio an othe current, erformance connecte devices, etc. .9 Voltag An electromotiv forc in electrod otential expresse in olts
iffere ce
Is lati device should be installe within ipeline/ structur system wher electrical isolatio of portions in joints sh
gauge conductors.
considered at followin locations:
ABBREVIATM3N
a)
Alternatin CP
5.2 Electrical Isolatio
curren
es
structure;
electrode Direct curren
compressor or pumpin
curren cathodic protection
Test statio
station,
co ti /c system an
Instan ON potentia Instan OF potentia
whil designin
tu
b)
su
TS
st
head etc;
Cathodic-protection
Impresse
ints
th pipeline/structure system so that
c) d)
successfully, 5.1
earthing system Junction of branch lines, dissimilar metals etc; Betwee normal pipeline/structure sectio an ot er pipeline/str ct re sectio that is example, ri er crossi g, an currents.
st
tu th
syst
Ma
te
al el ti
is ss
ti
e)
ip li /s
la
bridges;
ia
coatings ar subjec to deterioratio with time Further, coatin is ot an essentia requisit fo th applicatio of cathodic protection Finall cathodic protection ca pipeline.
join
f)
g)
5. .1 Mate ials an constructi
ides
sh
si
locations wher pipeline/structure voltage du to electric powe system or lightening is likely to exceed safe limits Internal surfac of pipeline/structure on both
practice that create
structure. locati wher roxi it to ther pipeline/str ctur an surfac or atio will ot caus shielding.
ipeline/structur fluids; h)
Design,
transporti
conductive
materials,
accordanc with specifications; j) protectio
current.
shieldin sh ul be avoide by relocati th pipeline/structure properly
an spacin
Design
cathodic rotectio il ie
system should te in
sections as an wher re uired; k)
diameter in orde to prevent~oncentrate ct ec effectivel
placin th
flow
ip abov grou
plan is impracticable, an effectiv alternativ
el es or mitigation of a.c./d c. interference
requisit
Ga vani anodes and
en th
ip an al
comp etel
coating. Insula in joints houl pa nted \vitll distinct colour fo easy identification and m)
where the pipeline/structure is connected with:
.3 Elec ri al Co tinuit
each es statio at leas tw cables houl ca de if ed co ur co in tags
mechanical connectors flange joints etc.
re accessible th corr sion engineer fa ilitat testin of cathodic protection parameters Such location ma nc ude, ut ar no imited he follow g: ca
5.4. Test lead from al pipeline/structure (including foreig pipeline/structure should be terminated at al ca .4.3 Pi el e/ tr ctur
electrically continuous fo unimpede flow of current. ecessary acti ns should be ta en ensure electr ca
ru ni
ot side or
parallel
comm
Location of undergroun bondin connections,.i an should be properly identified .4.4 Permanen te
tation
it cabl connec io
simultaneously with th pipeline/structure to facilitate monitoring of th performanc of temporar cathodic protection.
conducting close interval potentia loggin survey that
ca
ri er/canal etc, fi
ro ec ion,
.4.1 Fr
ar meta rt etc. In certai case th is en ured by mounting over th flanges, shroudin boxe an then fillin thes boxe with bitumen.
cathod
ar .4.6 Brazed connec io
ncluding
ermi
el in
main butt or longitudinal weld.i high tensil stee pipe strength an electrical continuity
re uire th pecial on tori PS on both side of river/wate crossing
Isolatin join with facilities fo measuremen deta ls fo ot si es isolat ng in
5.5 As fa as os ib e, case cros ings should be av ided ma datory to cros ai wa rack by us ng casi g. Fo pipeline/structure crossing unde railiroa tracks etc, concerned authorities.
considered at location wher pipeline passes thro gh corrosiv environmen such as 1) 2)
Stra curren area Valv stations
3)
Curren drai point;
No long pipeline/structure ca avoi crossing of road
hrou
an dditiona
versiz pipe termed
‘Casin
IS 8062:200 ‘Casin pipe isterme as ‘Carrier pipe’. Casing pipe
pr
Th function of external coatin is to contro corrosio ng fa or submerge pipelinekructure from th environment, to reduce-cathodic protectio curren requirements, and to improv curren distribution External coatingsmust be properly selected an applie an coated pipe should
ry purpos of prov ding safe y. nd
nsul ting upport
it
it
COATING
regu ar in ervals Th functions Th followin type of coatings ar normally un pipeline/structure:
wate in th annulus. Proper construction practice fo and re
nt ob be nd ng th annu us mayb pr vented
or gr
5.5.1 “Effectivenessof electric isolation betwee casing ul nd ns ho taken simultaneously. nt rn
surfac of casing pipe ca redu
throug
soil/water “insideth casing.
5.6 Rive
variou evel of cathodic po ri tion dependin on th environmenta conditions However, in th absence athodi prot ct on ha been chieve on th followin conditions shal apply.
gn tude with th cathodic protection applied. This potentird% r/ pp sulphate reference electrode contactin the electrolyte
Crossing
Ther ar thre alternat method of crossing of rivers an smal streams:
structure-to-electrolyte boundary must be considered fo vali interpretation of this voltag measurement. Cons deration is understood ignifi nc
or subm rged crossings, ar should be ak
or
give
standard of co ting it as fe ho iday as possib e. Fo th othe tw methods, th pipe should be insulate supported, by usin suitab nsul ting material su re alon th crossing is protecte catholically On account pipeline/structure over railwa bridge ar isolated by installing insulating flange at both ends of th bridge tsh
me
th
ppli atio
vo tage drop by methods, such s:
a)
Measuring or calculatin th voltage drop(s);
b)
Revi wing th histor ca perfor an cathodic protection system;
of he
c) characteristics of the pip and its environment and d)
et rm ning he he or no th re is phys ca evidence Qfcorrosion.
ve relative to saturated copper/coppe sulphate reference electrode.
end. ncasedlcem nt weight oate pipe in stru ur rebars of concrete should be electrically isolated from pipeline/structure.
or at on
od deca of po ar atio ca be measured
criteria should be avoide unde followin conditions:
IS 8062:2006 in
7.6.1
reducing bacteria; ip in st and d) 7.
tu
ec
st
s;
Pipeline/structure connecte to/consistingo components of differen materials.
Specia Conditions te
potentials ar determined It is inconvenient in practice to use hydrogen electrode. Therefore c-ertainelectrodes measurements in th studie of corrosio an cathodic electrodes ar give below. 7.6. Potentials of referenc electrodes with referenc to standard yd ogen electrod at 25”C
in /s
Potentials volts
electrolyt to th ip surface, as meas re by an eart cu re tech ique ma be sufficient 7.4.2
temperatures acid environments, an dissimilar metals th abov criteria ma no be sufficient an –) 95 mV is ie
(1)
(2)
(3)
i) ii) iii) iv)
Saturated calome Silver/silve chloride/saturated KC Copper/coppe sulphat
+0.24 +0.2 +0.32
OBJECTIVES 8.-1
design includes th following: material surface 7.5 Othe 7.5.1
Considerations
Method ic
or etermini
voltag drop should
a)
pr vide su ficien cu re to th pipeline structur so that selected criteria cathodic protection system is effectivel achieved
b)
To minimize interference curren on prima~ and secondarylforeign pipelinelstmcture
c)
ce
structure; cath di rotectio ac is ic similar.
system perating conditions soil at in
d)
To provid adequate allowance fo anticipated equirement with time an
e)
unnecessar to disconnect al curren source to correc fo voltag drop in th pipeline/structure to electrolyt potentia measurements soun engineerin practice
8.2 -Cat od
pr tectio
proper cathodic protection system
ha been achieved
performance. Prot tion
8.2.1 P@elind%wcture
7.5. Wher feasible an practicable, in-lin inspection of pipeline/structure mayb helpfh in determinin th presence or absenc of pittin corrosio damage
An
tr
Design an Engineering.Detail
‘Details of pipeline/structure to be protected:
analysis.
7.6 Referenc
sign Info mati
Electrod
wh se
a)
Material length diameter wall thickness.
b)
Design/Operating temperatur an an produc to be transported.
c)
Corrosion protectiv coating
d)
Desig life ofpipeline/structure an corrosio protectiv coating.
ta
measur th pipeline/structure to electrolyt potential.
pressure
e) includin bu no limite to insulating joints
IS 8062:200
Road railwa an wate crossings, Cased crossings a.c./d.c powe line an installation that ma caus electric interference Possibilit oftelluric curren activity
1)
~)
3) 4) 5)
structure, an vail bility of po uppl at te an intermediate stations
7)
pipeline/structure name!y
8.4.1 Sacr~~cial (Galvanic) Cathodic Protection System In th sacrificia anode system sacrificia anode base
structure, 6)
undergroun
urrent capa ity, nd
in
node
od output by th anod to pipefpipelinelstructur drivin volt ge nd le trolyt re istivity (s ig ). 8.4.1.
conditions.
Sy te
de ig sh ll in lude
lcul tion
8.2.2 ys cathodic rote io Coatin resistance test oi he ic naly is bacteria loading;
d)
ioni
Requiremen
engineerin evaluation or fieldtests conf that design quir ents an till be et by di fere ppro h. Fo galvanic anod systems, th followin shal apply: a)
It
requiremen data base on existing pipeline/structure environment. As genera guidance, protective curren densitie give in bl or va ious oating yb considered as requiremen fo newl coated pipeline structure. co
nd
he
is give unde 8. .1
ndmi ob l/
anodes an Sp ific detail requir inve tigation nd mitigation of interference problems
8.2.3 Curren
syst
onstru tion period is
Th resistivit of th soil or th anod backfill applicatio
galvanic anodes
b) rr nt eman
nd
c)
or th
do um nt tion nu ber, type as di nsions ch ic nalysi an rf rm ce data th node Coated Pipeline/Structure (Clauses
galvanic anodes shal be considered
8.2.3
tili tion to fo in nd be onsidere as give belo
SI No.
Soil
13LPE1
lFBE]
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
i) ii) iii)
1o-1oo
25
50
12
<1 >100
15
Utilization Factor
Zinc (Zn) Magnesiu
(Mg)
agne iu
anod
hall
Connected
Connected
0.85
0.5
IS 8062:2006
Anodes
SI
Anode
Soil Resistivit
No.
ip
im
Dept
ohm-m
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
10
Zinc (Zn) Magnesium Ribbon (Mg)
ii) iii)
(4)
1.2
10-4 >45-100
1.2 1.2
0.5
TEST STATIO
[0
~:
‘1
Iii +! 4:— ----
PROTECTIVE CURREN
~:
PI
FIG 8.4.1.4
in
MAGNESIUM
LI
GALVANTC/SACRIFICIA NOD SYSTEM 8.4.1.5
anodes
system
SI
Element
Min (2)
i)
Cu Al Fe Cd Pb
ii) iii) iv) v)
vi)
Zn
he ax um amount 0.02 percen (mas fraction each
~~ la
no
sh si ypical omposition
si ag esiu anodes
of Percent
No.
(1)
ne iu
SI
Max
Element
Compositionof Mass Fraction.
No.
Percent
0.005 (1) 0.005
i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii)
0.07
0.006 Remainder he el
en
ha
provided th performanc in oils is re ia le an docu ente
(3)
Cu
Al Si Fe Mn Ni Zn Mg
0.02 5.3
6.7 0.1 0.003
0.15 0.002 3.5
2.5
Th ax mu moun 0.00 percen (mas fraction each
10
(4)
Remainder he el
en
al be
b)
he oy be us vi simi ar soil is reliable nd do um nted
Ground wate
ev ls
c) conditions from season
An de
kf
no
ho
ns
d)
Na ur of th terrain,
e)
Shieldin and
f) resistivit
an maximize moisture retention.
Th required compositio of th anod backfill material shal be nclude in th node specificat on
direct curren impresse on pipeline/structure from prot ctio to it Impresse curr nt system cont in d.c. powe quipments, anod ground be nd othe re at
4.
de
System
a) b) c)
on
intervention.
independently adjustable. 8.4.2.2.2 Deep-wel ground beds should be considered where: suitable than at surface,
pr
pipeline or othe buried structures limited, an
Curren requirement, CC
generate
Resistance an design fe anod ground bed, and
on adjacent installations.
Th detailed design shall includ procedur fo drilling de hing variou depths completing th borehole an method of installing th anodes an conductive backfill
d) power equipment. 8.4.2.2 8.4.2.2.1
fo parallel pipelines)
ground be base upon th most accurate soil resistivit dat available
design sh ll nclude calcul tion fo ne
(especiall
season
General
that th undesirabl transfer of wate betwee differen geological formations an th pollutio of underlying strata is prevented.
remote de we or remote shal ow type Thes shou ne oc fy he pe
et llic asin sh ll be el ctricall isolated-fro ny structures on th surface. Metallic casing only provid or or ho n, he be ns he .c
he
perman nt stabilizat on is requir d, non- etallic, perforat casing should be us d. alct lation shal be arri
In th calculat on of th ground be resist nc th so re da or po di he he
ou or th unus
po bi differen soi resistivit
structures shal be voided ns al ed th fo owin int account
ocal cond tion shal be take
so considered.
nt
dequ pr vent ga bl anod an th conductive backfi l. Vent pipe ma er al shal be manufactured from th non-metallic chlorine resistant material.
iI di on with depth, 11
1S 8062:2006 TRANSFORMER ECTIFIER UNIT 220V SUPPLY
foometre
-#_
FIG.2 IMPRESS~DURRENT ANODESYSTEM 8.4.2.2.3
a)
ed a)
High-silicon iron alloy, includin chromium additions, in soil with high chloride content; b) Magnetite; c) Graphite; d) Mixed-metal-oxide coate titanium; e) Platinized titanium/niobium; Conductive polymers an g) Steel.
si
Soil esisti itie
ea th surfac ar fa more
ground bed. b) pipeline or othe buried structures c)
Sp
d)
Th re is generate
il
ll
risk interference curren bein on adjacent installations.
conditions ar reliable an documented
Shallo ground bed anodes shal be installedhorizontall backfill shal beat leas 1.5m belo In th calculatio
th
Th specifi material dimension an mas shall delive 125percen of the required anode curren output required or meetin th specifie design life of th CP System
ro nd level.
ro nd be resistance th soil
carbonaceous ot er conducti backfill material shallbe use unles th soil conditions give satisfactory
(horiz ntal gr un bed) mid-poin vertical gr un bed) of th anodes shal be used an with th possibilit of multi-la ered soil with si nificantly di fe en soil resistivitie considered constr ctio of th th es
roun be an iv
unifor
consumptio of anodes is expected
Th environmenta impact ia
th installati il
th
issolution of anod iv
give below:
8.4.3
Utilization Factor
Backjill
Mixe meta oxid (MMO High silico
Anod material should be selected from th followin list: 12
0.80 0.80
0.90
0.6
IS 8062:2006
Us co ti uous conduc iv poly anodes sh ul be considered particularly fo very high resistivit soil surroundin th pipeline
pote tial co tr hich shal be inke ermane reference electrod buried clos th pipeline Reference electrodes shal be regularl calibrated
8.4.4
Th potentia measurin circui shal have
d.c. supply needed fo cathodic protection is supplied rote tion
er
pp
Contro
od le (C
M)
maximu
1O provided with adjustable voltag an current-limiting polarization outsid th establishe criteria in th even that referenc el ctro fa ls pa el-m unte eter
Contro Module (CPPSM is generall stat grid Wher stat ri powe su pl is ot re ia le avai ab e, th followin powe source ar generall used a) b)
Closed cycled-vapou turbo alternato (CCVT) Ther electric generato (TEG),
c)
Sola power,
d) e)
Wind power, Diesel ge erator an re rc
soi potential 8.4.5.3 contro system.
om ic
se
trol
tput urre
to th
ipel ne
th anod
re
While protection syste~ followin considerations should be take into account:
variations. 8.5 ro
rifi
se
te hn ca an economic fa tors nvolve
Ge eral y,
permanent cathodic protectio system is commissioned re rr 8.4.5 Th impresse -current tput should be ontr ll by th output voltag on TRU/CPPS an correspondin potentials measured alon th pipeline
followin factors: protection, El ctrica resistivit
8.4.5.1
eof
Wher ther ismor than on pipeline to be catholically pr tected th curr nt re ur fr th pipeline sh ul be independentl adjustable In suc cases th pipeline
availability of spac fo anod installation control, an
negative connection to th curren source rs sh
th
shun an diod
ra
revent ng
elec rolyte
8.5.1 Galvanic anod system usua ly pr vide or 1) Small diameter pipeline/structure or well-
tual influe ce
measurements. ll cables di de an curren st
easure en fa il ti
swamps/marshes, an 2)
8.4.5.2
impressed current system is commissioned an reliable powe supply is arranged
Th d.c. voltag source ca be provided with automati 13
IS 8062:200
considere
a)
where:
1)
documentslspeci ficationsldrawings and have go system is no possible
2)
Applicatio
b) no damage is caused to equipmentimaterial during storag at si e;
of remote impresse curren
limitations considerations,
other
c)
3)
Pre-installation inspection/tests/measurements
specifications; protection an
4)
Physica inspectio of all equipmentimaterial on receip at site to confir that al equipmen
d)
Applicatio of impresse curren system ma create unmanageable nt rf renc
specifications/procedure practices and’
structure. e)
8.5.2 pref rabl
prov de
Inspection during/afterins@llation to confir
an well-accepte
Pre-commissioning me surement onfirm that 1) Al equipment/materials/instaIlations al fre from physica defects/damages,
or cathodic protection
2) properly installe an connected,
factor give unde precedin sub-clause an othe overriding considerations an
3)
ol ow houl so beta accoun fo site of impresse curren systems:
4) Insulation Resistance of ll cables ar as.,., required an
1) 5)
installation of d.c, powe equipment; 2)
bl ve and terminated,
Availability of proper site fo installation
Results precommission ng tests/measur ment or rd qu re commissioning of equipmentiinstallation.
vi
Equipment/Installatio Commissioning Tests/ measurements in accordance with approved specifie procedures an
soil conditions an (ii) distance betwee pipeline/structure and remote groun be on curren distribution an performanc g) 3)
CP System commissioning tests/measurement procedures.
an future pipeline/structure of th owne an others nd othe developm nts.
construction practices is no feasible within framewor includ som specific requirements/recommendation fo installation, testin an commissioning. protection system should be performe in accordance with approved cons ru tion draw ngs, specific tion pr re un ve ne onlpeten personne to verify th ll ns alla ions ar in strict accordance with approved document an well established practices
me alli pipeline/s ru ture
differ from othe causes
corrosio ha source fore gn to th affe te pipeline ur ua de from foreig source no electrically continuous with
shal includ bu no limi ed follow ng ac ivities: 14
1S 8062:200 th af ecte
ipeline/ ruct re
is rained ro
effect of interference currents occu at location wher affected pipeline/structure to th earth. So rces
direct cu re
interference re
rectifiers an
pump we in machines an direct urre powe systems. Type
a.c. in erfere ce
pipeline/structure or installation whil th CP system is energized.
he
re
10.2.2
riteri
fo
Co ro io
Inte fe en
corrosion Negative potential change provide cathodic protection bu excessiv negative potentia is liable to adversel affe co ro io ro ec iv coating. Safe eq ipme an ersonnel ar enda gere change of pote tial an /o cu re fl du interference es equipmen an personnel. Therefor necessar action ar required to be take fo investigatio an mitigation of interference in accordance wi specif ed ri er an recommende practices. a) Potentials
a.c. powe system an electrifie railways au ed or conductive couplingbetwee th pipeline structur an high-voltage line or electrifie railways an
effectivel protecte by cathodic protection ys em pipeline struct re electr ly te tial is th limits specifie de b) electrolyt d.c. potentials bein within limits fo effective cathodic protection, interference
10.2 Direct ‘Current Interference 10.2.1
pipeline/structure to soil potential. Potentials should be investigated by ownerl of affected pipeline/structure and remedial action should be taken.
Measurements
In area wher d.c. interference currents ar suspected, a) b)
Measur pipe-to-soi potential wit recording or indicating instruments;
10.2.3
.c
Problems
Measur curr nt en it on coupons;
c)
terference ro lems ipelineh-uctures buried structures include:
instruments; an
ot er
a)
d) uspected so rc nterfere ce curren an correlat them it meas reme ts obta ne as above.
pipeline/structure, b)
etalli
onductor co nected
he re rn
source, c)
interference phenomenon bein investigated to assess he im epen ence th interference evel
d)
In erferenc wi ther buried ipel ne tr ct re nsta la ions should measured whil th CP system generall
Counteractio of th interferin curren effect
curren source Cooperatio an exchange of informatio betwee owners of pipeline affected by interference is
includ following:
constantl evolving phenomenon
10.2.3.1
an th terfer pipeline ucture esoil potentia whil th relevant source of CP
nd vi uall a)
simultaneously interrupted; an as 15
in comb at on ar as foll ws esig an nsta la io meta li onds th resistor in th metallic bond circui betwee
IS 8062 :2006
interference curren fro an affected pipeline/ structur to th interferin pipeline/structure andfor curren source b)
io high voltag a.c. system data This assessment mayb do by suit bl si ul tion system co diti s.
Application of uni-directional contro devices, such as di de re erse curren switches
pipeline/structure is electrically continuous wit plant earthing grid then either th resistance-to-eart of th ri shal be esti ated th ri itself shal be part th study.
c) curren enters th pipeline/structure d) af ecte ipeline/st uctu thos specific locations wher th interferin curren is bein discharged;
Fo a. tracti systems, data to be co si er ar th interfering hig voltage, operatin current, location and
mutually interferin
transformers), frequency and electrica characteristics fo high-power lines.
e) CP rectifiers
interference curren by relocationhedesign of
ts
remote;
h) j)
Installati is lati shield etween th pipelirte/structur and tie irtterfefmg structure
etermi th a.c. co rosion risk coupon sh ul be installe wher th a.c. influenc is expected They sh have adequate equipmen fo curren measurements
examination. si
hile in tallin isolatin joints il reduce th gnitud of he t, ls introduc no he curren pick-u an discharg location henc th reason fo testing-a the isolating joint.
at
10.3
10.3.1
su
assessment of a.c. induction.
Installing properly locate isolatin joints in th affected pipeline/structure Testin at th
introduced; Improvemen in th protective coatin on th interferin structure; an
test
th
corrosio is case ow soil esisti it curren densitie ca be observed
ur
lt
hi
a.c.
sh
General
Th magnitud of permanen or short-term interference on pipeline/structure from high-voltage a.c. source
performe
depend on
evaluation a.c. corrosio risk isrecognize to assess a.c corrosion
Distance ro
th
on site
More-specifi measurements include:
ipeline/st uctu e,
a)
Pi e-to-s il ot ntial,
divide by d.c. curren density) th a.c. curren densit on 10 mmzbar surfac (for exampl an externrdtes probe) is higher than 30 A/m’ (o less in certai conditions), ther is risk of corrosion. Rk of corrosio is mainly relate to th leve of ,c curren densit compared to th leve of CP current density If th a.c. curren ns ty oo igh, th or os on nnot be pr ve te by CP
a.c. interference effect on buried pipeline/structure ca caus safety problems Possible effect associated
corrosio
an damage to insulators
10.3.2
.c.
10.3.3 Limiting a.c. Interference
consideratio
data from th affected pipeline/structur
The maximu
16
step nd to ch olta
shal
li it
IS 8062:200
b)
in accordance with loca or national safety requirements an shal be adhere to at al location here person coul touc th pipeline/structure
c)
Protec io measures agains a.c. corrosio achieved throug th followin measures
d)
should be
powe supply device Sola panel; an e)
of a.c. curren ca be neglected. reduce a.c. voltage, th be considered: a)
applied,
compensating or reducing
a)
Lin curren measurements
b)
An de to soil pote tial an outp
th required re uction of induce
protectio c)
device shal be carefull c) qualizatio
CP th earthing system should be connecte
pipeline/structure to soil potentials
e)
.,,, Coupon to soil potentials an coupon current; and
f)
Earthing resistanc of eart electrodes
sy checke agains manuaIly recorded data to ensure that remote monitoring system is functionin correctly.
decoupling devices etc)
te
Sh ft ng th d.c. voltag leve to reac mo negative potentia ca reduce th a.c. co rosion rate Th pi e-
Variou specialize
survey techniques ar available, cc ss structur meta surface, to assess th protective syste adequacy non-destructively. Usually, each thes provides differen informatio although ther is some
for’Measurements
stru ture need be considered whil selectin techniques or combinatio of surveys.
11.1.1 Th dire
curren oltage an curren output of the transformer/rectifier and pipe/pipeline/structure to soil pote tial at dr in points should be mo itor at leas once fort ig t. Thes measurements er fy th satisfactory operatio of th transforme rectifiers th
11.3.1
os
nt
ot
survey
ur
th length of th pipeline/structure It-can also indicate area affected by interference an coatin defects. Th os
fo monitoring of performanc CP stations should also includ at leas th following:
microc mputer referenc electr de an trai in cabl connected-to th pipeline/structure at th neares
potentials; 17
IS 8062:200
system
provided;
arthin
variet of electrodes (galvanize steel, zinc magnesium, etc) Some earthing system ca ad
11.1 Routin
curren
VOnNOfipeline/structure to soi potentials;
d) Yoreig
considered
st at ‘l ca areas. Thes
etc.
appropriat transformer/rectifie settings Th survey test stations sh ul also includ at leas fo lo in typica tests/measurements at regula intervals:
active earthing-potential-controlled
pipeline/structure
parameters of specific device
11.1.2 Measurement of pipe-to-soil potentia should be take monthl at vulnerable points wher access is
e-arthing systems Instal
Performanc
‘CCVT/Banks/TEG/
remote monitoring/control
ollowing method should
Instal pipeIine/structure earthing equipped
b)
Currents of anod circuits at anod junction box; Pipeline/structure currents at cathod junction box;
IS 8062:200 monitoring
he me ic ie ompu pipe urrent -Where th protvct~vecoatin is in good condition, th curren will
plotted
carrie ou with th CP system energize continuously
curren attenuatio rate coul indicate coatin defect or contac with anothe pipeline/structure
rectifiers switchin of an on simultaneously with th ai of synchronized interrupters
fixe referenc 11.3.2
so
11.3.4 (DCVG)
pipeline/structure in th same manner as CP voltag gr dien is st bl shed he oi du the~ ssag urrent to he bare stee at oa in defects. en rally,
point. rv
Pearso survey locate defect in th protective coatin of buried pipeline/structure
voltag gradient.
stru ture nd re ot earth, nd he re ulting potentia
urrent inte rupt houl be in ta le he ne rest ransform re fi or te po ar rr nt source achiev significan potentia change (approximately 50 mV on th pipelinekructure
nt od soil within thevoltage gradient Defect ca be locate by er read ng orresponding wi th probes bein de th survey th operator walk th pipeline rout taking measurements at typicall interval with th probes
os possible coatin defects, sinc an increase in potentia ud
sign l) is ob aine as ac op ra or passes ov fe clos together an specific informatio on particular defect is required th side-by-side method is preferred.
defe to be de er ned. ak ng tr nsvers re ding with on electrod locate atthe epicente of th coatin determined.
dependen on th operator unles recordin techniques ar used
11.4
ts
tr faul oc ur he bodies of th anod material du to excessiv current. Anod failur
11.3.3
11..4.1
stru ure. echnique
ho is si il to th Pear on Surv ha an a.c. vo tage s,appl ed to th pipe
cell an should be replaced
.c
11.4.2
reasons, namely mechanical damage deterioratio of nsul tion hi fo positive able wi resu rapi
signal.
excavation an inspection Th cables should be jointe or replaced.
straight conducto (i this case th pipeline/structure),
11.4.3
ng
ri cipa of 18
hi
re
IS 8062:2006
a)
Transformer/rectifier settin should be readjusted
b)
Seve;e loca coatin damage or deterioration.
DCVG surv
an bore hole inspection made dv fore
c) less
si
ro
so be
suddenly increase When this isnoted th ends of th casing wo ld th have to be excavate
fa
re
12
stifle any corrosion tendency. Proprietary asin ompounds (gre se ontainin (low
su phur on en
engineer himself, atle competen tests. 12 3. Bond betw en meta work associated wi an lectrici powe syst (f ex mple cabl sheath
ay
ondition oc ur on th powe ne work Th pr nc pa
casing. AFET
12
Genera
protecti
Faul Condit on
Ther is possible risk in bondin cathodic protection system ny meta work ssociate with th earthing system an el tricit supply network, sp ci ll he bsuch bondin should ot be accept as genera rule
method ma be dopted
petroleu
re
re mechanica darnage.
expens by workin from th casing ends To fe he rr su
12
da
throug th bonds, to th protecte pipeline/structure du to eith rth-faul ondition out-of-b lanc lo urrent fr th syst m. This curr nt togeth with th ssociate voltag rise ma re ul in le tric
PRECAUTION
lectri al br akdown of oating on buri
work an inst ll tion in ha ardous/non
pi el ne
equipmen an manpower 12 1.
af ty prec utions or re tifi rs swit he an
onsequen e. Th rise orie is
appliances. 12.1.2 Th lowere potentia of catholically protecte
emperature of conductors
distress th highes valu of/2 t,expected unde faul conditions Fo extrem conditions duplicat bondin is recommended. 12.4 Installations
avoi such sparking
12.4.1
19
ha rd
.C)
area in whic an infl mabl ixture of gas, vapour or dust (tha is hazardou tmosph re aybe pr sent ho ic
ys
pa
yb
structure joints
e)
ol in oi cros ajoin or breakdow du
nd by surges;
g) urrent
nd
cathodic protection system
Fu
h)
schedule of materials;
j) k)
se of installation procedures
construction detail te ou
a)
b)
Provid flameproof enclosur of al electrical station in accordance w-ithrelevant standards. Provide continuous bonding cable acros an intended break, before it is made in protecte pipeline/structure.
c)
possible in safe reas
d)
ve he in
lang
Procedures fo th installation of d.c. voltag sources, ground beds ables, test fa ilities, ,, cable connections .t th pipeline/structure; demonstrat tha th qualit of the installation meet th requirements; li ited to plot pl ns lo ations of CP system an test fa ilitie able ou ing, single-lin schematics wiring di-agram an ground be construction an ivil works; an
CP system
give
13.2 Commissionin ro
passin over
Documentatio
Afte thesuccessfu co missioning of th CP system he ha be pi ni repoti
13 DOCUMENTATION 13
procedures nsur
Thes should include:
As cathodic protection necessitates th us of electrical equipment, th followin safety precaution should be ha ou
curr nt
nd inst llatio ocum
standard.
12.4.4 Remedies
c)
An sensitivitie in th CP systemthat requir specia attention
Procedures
sacrificia anod system
b)
Descriptio of system includin sche atic di he pr po te
13.1.2
12.4.2 In location wher an of th abov hazard ma arise, th op rating personne houl be give uitabl instructions an warnin notice should be displayed.
a)
potential attenuation, electrica resistance an curren output of ground beds
stations;
hi
cathodic prot ctio
systems
coatin repairs;
se by d)
by tool lyin
respec to existing pipeline/structur
Design Do um tation
a)
General The basi design docu entation shal includ
a) b)
effective CP of th pipeline/structure b)
investigations th
have be
carrie out;
lt in detail pertaining to th CP of th pipeline/structure
c)
Result of an curren drainage test that have
structure,
existing pipeline/structure; 20
IS 8062:2006
d)
d)
Manufacturer’s documentation,
e) interference-current source (i any) an e)
schedule
on tori
fa lities
f-
Potentia criteria fo th system
g) h)
Monitoring plan he tes stations, ro
j)
of CP.
al
pipeline/structure
13.3
he yp an
k) shal be re orde an evaluated. Th
system.
sh ll be re aine
effectiveness. 13.4
informatio a) b)
procedures ar availabl fo operators. This document shal cons st of
shal be recorded
sources; Repair or replacemen of anodes, connections an cables
c)
a)
coating, isolatin devices, test lead an othe tes -facilities; and
components, b)
Commissionin
c)
As-built drawings
report
d) monitorin
21
equipment
IS 8062:2006
Corr si
ro ection nd inis es Sectiona Co
ittee,
Representative(s)
Organization
Centra Electrochemica
TD
Research Institute, Karaikud
RO
S HU K
Atotech, Gurgao
SHSUAD
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mu ba
DR P. K. DE M~A
(Chairman)
TV MA SH SrnuSANALUMAR(Afternate) U RG YD M SI ON )
(,41ternate)
nuV.
TO TALAN MA TSRI ALPRO CESSIN GIV ISIO N)
Alternate) SHSUA. K. GROVER
Bharat Electronic
Ltd, Ghaziabad/Bangalore
SETHS Srrra N. RAVraHUSHAN A/kv’nate)
Bharat Heav
Electric
Ltd, Hardwar/Ta il Nadu/Bhopa
S H S D . K . S IN G H(Hardwar)
Alternate) Srn R. M. SSNGHAL
Srnu R. RANGANAWN(Tamil Nadu SHSURAI KUMAR(Bhopal) Centra Building Research -Institute Roorke Centra Electrochemica Co ot
AGGARWAL
DRK. K. A S m N A
N. PALANASWAMY
Research Institute, Karaikud
di
en
(Alternate)
SH SUS.
K. ADHSKASU (Aherrrate)
DRM. Sm
BANERJSE S H R S . K . K US H VA H AAlternate)
ne
di
DRG. SAH
ew De
Alternate) HR
Fertilizer Plant, SAIL, Rourkela
(Al[errsate)
V. RA SHIU. GOPALAKSUSHNA Alternate)
t d Mumbai
FG
DA
SHRI V. S. KULKARNS
Gujara Electricit
Board, Vadodara/Distric Kher
SHSU
PATEL
S H R SR . R .
NIRMALA SHRIMATI AI
t d Bangalore
S. PRMAD (Alternate)
Indian Explosives Department District Hooghl nd an Le
Deve op
Indian Oi Corporatio Indian Telephon
vrsHwAKARMAAlternate)
nt
Ne
Smu SANDIPKUMARROY
De
Ltd, Faridaba
Industries Lt
Bangalor
S H RI L P UG A ZH E S rn u T . T HA N GA RAAlternate) S Sruu SATtS MAKHSL4 SHRI
SUB
RAO
SHRSR. IWdEsH (Alternate)
Kalpatru Powe Transmission Limited, Gandhinaga
Sm
Kongav Electron cs Pv Lt
Smrr S. K0N6AvI
Bangalor
MEHTA
SURSSH Alternate)
yd
Ne
De
Llyods Ta Products Ltd, Mumbai Kolkat
SrurrA. K. RAsm H Rt M uu
EC
t d Ranchi
SHRI
(Alternate
H UM P O Y (Alternate) MUKHOPADHAYAYA
IS 8062:2006 Representative(s)
Organization
Me alli in
Equipmen Co
td Jodhpu
H RI S
M OD I
SsuwR. GHUSHRAO (Alternate)
AO QA ET AQAO QA (MET (Alternate)
Ministry of Defence, DGQA Ambarnat Ministry of Rail ays,
DS.0 Luckno
ADD ITIO NAL ECUTTVE IRECTO M&C DEP UTYDI RECT ORCH EtWC AL) lternafe)
National Aerospac
DR (WIRJMATI)NDIRARAJGOPAL
Laboratory Bangalor
D R P . K . P AR O D AA lt er n at e
National Metallurgica
Lab, Jamshedpur H AT TA MI SH RAlierrrafe)
DR A. K.
National Test Hous
ER
Kolkat
D R S OM LK R S AH A SHS SHERSIN GH(Alternate)
nd il an
si
S HR IV . K . A I
atural Ga Commission Mabarashtr
01 Indi Lt Projects
ArWO
SHRIP.
uwabat
HR
Developmen Indi Lt
Chemical
indr
OH
DRK.
MA
S HR JA . T . P AT J
en
SHRJH. C. PAPAJV Alternate
Shipping Corporatio
of lndi Ltd, Mu ba
SHRS
SEN S A (Alternate)
mrN. G.
DR AMJTDAV BHAITACHARYA DR
HA DHA
Alternate) S H R D . D A SG O P T A P.
Surfac Chem Finishes Bangalor
SW
Tata Motors Limited, Jamshedpur/Pun
S H I S . S . U N G A H AD U R
PARTHASARATHY
SHIUR.
LAHOTt(STmo,molzAno
ERC,
SHRJA. MAJUMDARAlternate)
Tata Consulting Engineers, Mumbai
SHRJVINAYV. PARANJAP S W P AR A P . o s
(Alternate)
mu D ES A (Alternate)
SHR S.
Alternate) S ru u R . N . C H AT TO P AD H YA Y Sm
Tita
Industries Ltd,
Vija
Meta Finishers, Bangalor
HOSUr
P. ASHOKANUR SHRJ C. V. S. PRASAD Alternate)
DR H.
DI
Zenith Limited, Raigar
SHRIARUNMEHTA
BI
SHRJS.
Directorat
K. GUPTA,S cientis ‘F an Head (MTD [Representing Director Genera (Ex-officio)]
Genera
Member Secretar Smu
BARHROO
Scientis ‘E Director (MTD), BI
SH JUNARS
OER KUM AR(Convener)
SHRJPARTHAANA (Alternate)
Bharat Petroleu Corrosio
Corporatio
Ltd, Noid
Contro System Mumbai
SHRJUMESHGAUTAM
Srnu
G. KU
RN
SHR JANAN KWLKARN Alternate)
Corrosion Consultant Noida
DR M,
MI HR
IS 8062:2006 Organization
En ineers Indi Lt
EI
Ne
K. GUPTA
e lh i
SrrR DEEPA DH ARM ARH Alternate)
Gu ar
as Compan
Indian Oi Corporatio
SH RSSAD
Lt
lO L) NoidrJBijwasan
ANBAN ERJEE
SHIGRAJSNDRA UMAR
Alternate) Sr-rIG B. CHA-rrEaJEE
SHr
BHARALI
SHSUP. JAMAL(Altern ate)
REPRESENTA7TVE
Reliance Industries Lt
Na
Mrrmba
SH RIS AN Wa Ssrru
ESP WAS
M. N.
H A G AV A A l te r n at e )
NAGAR
S S D UK . S . S H A SH I D H A A R lternate)
promote ac
ti
ta
at
an
ty
Copyright th
issi es ar
st
st
es ils,
ch as sy
al
en
ls
se th esig ti
si es
ents is
su
in
le in
te
as er in they sses io la st am ‘BIS Catalogue’ an ‘Standards Monthl Additions’
ch
es
at st ss 24 (4675)
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDA DS Headquarters:
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