AUTOMATED AIRER BASED ON AMBIENT PARAMETER MEASUREMENT
ANIS ARINA BINTI MAT ANI
A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical-Electronic)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
JUNE 2014
iii
Dedicated To Abah and Mak:
Mat Ani Bin Jaafar & Zaiton Binti Mohamood
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to show my highest gratitude and thankful to Allah S.W.T. for giving me good health and strength to complete final year projects. The experiences I gained during this period were meaningful to me, which exposed me to the engineering practices. My appreciation recorded to my supervisor, Dr Rashidah @ Siti Saedah Bte Arsat for giving his valuable time, guidance, assistance and continuous encouragement towards the completion of my project.
My appreciation also goes to my family who has been so tolerant and supporting me all these years. I would like to express my appreciation to my father Mat Ani Bin Jaafar and my mother Zaiton Binti Mohamood who have given me courage, moral support and helping me all the way towards the completion of this project.
Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude to all my friends and people that involve directly or indirectly for this project. To all my friends who always give continuous support and help in completing this project, especially Noor Ili Amalina Binti Mohd Yusoff, Aida Noora Ashikin Binti Mohd Abdul Rani, Farah Wahida Binti Md Arepen, Kamarudin Bin Abdul Rahman, Khairul Akmal Bin Zulkepli and Khairul Aishah Binti Khalid. May Allah bless you for the good deed you have done.
v
ABSTRACT
The Malaysian female labor force always working at least nine hours per day. Thus, it can interfere their time to do some chores especially laundry. Since Malaysia is located on top of the equator line, it causes to experience rain state and damp during the year. This matter sometimes cause problem to the female labor force when washed clothes are not dry and have unpleasant smell. In order to lighten their burden, the project proposed an automatic airer. In developing this airer, factors of rain need to stress such as temperature and humidity. The temperature and humidity is use to detect the conditional behavior before rain. The movement of airer will control by Arduino UNO based on specific conditional. If the environment shows the hint of raining, the airer will move into the specified chamber that have cooling fan to dry the clothes. Or else, it will stay outside under the sunny day until the clothes dry naturally. This airer will ease all the women workers to complete their laundry during rainy day
vi
ABSTRAK
Pekerja wanita Malaysia sentiasa bekerja sekurang-kurangnya sembilan jam setiap
hari
Maka,
ia
boleh
mengganggu
masa
mereka
melakukan
rutin
harian terutama cucian. Oleh kerana Malaysia terletak di atas garisan khatulistiwa, ia menyebabkan Malaysia mengalami keadaan hujan dan lembap sepanjang tahun. Perkara ini adakalanya menyebabkan masalah kepada pekerj wanita apabila pakaian dibasuh tidak kering dan mempunyai bau yang tidak menyenangkan. Dalam usaha untuk meringankan beban mereka projek ampaian automatik telah dicadangkan. Dalam membangunkan ampaian ini, faktor-faktor hujan perlu ditekankan seperti suhu dan kelembapan. Suhu dan kelembapan digunakan untuk mengesan faktor-faktor sebelum berlakunya hujan. Pergerakan ampaian akan dikawal oleh Arduino UNO berdasarkan syarat-syarat yang ditetapkan. Jika persekitaran menunjukkan tanda-tanda bahawa akan berlakunya hujan, ampaian akan bergerak ke dalam ruang yang disediakan yang mempunyai kipas untuk mengeringkan pakaian. Jika tidak, ia akan kekal di luar di bawah matahari yang cerah sehingga pakaian kering secara semulajadi. Ampaian ini akan memudahkan semua pekerja wanita untuk melengkapkan cucian mereka semasa hari hujan.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
2
TITLE
PAGE
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
iv
ABSTRACT
v
ABSTRAK
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
x
LIST OF FIGURES
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xiv
LIST OF SYMBOLS
xv
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Background Information
1
1.2
Motivation
1
1.2.1
Women with Profession
2
1.2.2
Malaysia in Equator Line
3
1.2.3
Migrant Maids
3
1.3
Problem Statement
4
1.4
Objectives
5
1.5
Scope of Work
5
1.6
Thesis Outline
5
LITERATURE REVIEW
7
2.1
Introduction
7
2.2
The Factor Affects the Formation of Rain Correlation
7
viii 2.2.1
2.3
2.4
3
7
Technology on Smart Clothesline
9
2.3.1
Conventional Clothesline
9
2.3.2
Mrs Pegg’s Handy Line
9
2.3.3
Clevacover
11
2.3.4
Clever Clothesline
13
2.3.5
Trendy Clothesline
15
Conclusion
16
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
17
3.1
Introduction
17
3.2
Project Flow
17
3.3
System Architecture
19
3.4
Electronic Development
20
3.4.1
Microcontroller
20
3.4.2
DC Gear Motor
22
3.4.3 3.4.4
LCD Screen Temperature Sensor
23 24
3.4.5
Water Sensor
26
3.4.6
Fans and Lamps
27
3.4.7
Power Source
29
3.5
4
Temperature Affects the Formation of Rain Correlation
Software Development
29
3.5.1
Software Design
29
3.5.2
The Arduino IDE Software
31
3.6
Product Testing
33
3.7
First Prototype
33
3.8
Conclusion
33
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
34
4.1
Introduction
34
4.2
Correlation Study on the Relation of Temperature and Rain
34
ix 4.3
5
6
Programming
43
4.3.1
44
Programming Implementation
4.4
Final Integration Result
44
4.5
Conclusion
47
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
49
5.1
Introduction
49
5.2
Conclusion
49
5.3
Project Limitation
50
5.4
Recommendation
51
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
53
6.1
Introduction
53
6.2
Project Planning
53
6.3
Cost Estimation
55
6.4
Conclusion
56
REFERENCES
Appendix A
58 60
x
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
3.1
The uses pin in Arduino UNO
21
3.2
Arduino UNO specification
21
3.3
Specifications of DC gear motor
23
3.4
Specifications of temperature sensor
25
4.1
Summary of three hours before rain
38
4.2
Summary of temperature reference
43
6.1
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project One (FYP1)
54
6.2
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project Two (FYP2)
55
6.3
Cost estimation for the system
55
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Frequency of rainfall events for threshold value greater than 30 mm h-1
8
2.2
The conventional way to hang clothes
9
2.3 (a)
Mrs Peggs Handy Line is ready to hang clothes
11
2.3 (b)
Mrs Peggs Handy Line in fold flat for easy storage
11
2.4
Clevacover rotary clothesline
12
2.5
Clevacover rectangular clothesline
13
2.6
Clever Clothesline in first step, hang the clothes
14
2.7
Clever Clothesline in second step, cover the parameter of the clothesline
14
2.8
Clever Clothesline in third step, when the rain sensor detect water the roof cover will protect clothe
14
2.9
Trendy Clothesline
16
3.1
Process flow of the project
18
3.2
Architecture of the system
20
3.3 (a)
Arduino UNO as a microcontroller
21
3.3 (b)
Name of every pins in Arduino UNO
21
3.4
Motor driver circuit
23
3.5
Hardware connection between LCD and Arduino UNO
24
3.6
Hardware connection between temperature sensor, LM35DZ and Arduino UNO
26
xii 3.7 (a)
Rain sensor module
27
3.7 (b)
Hardware connection between rain sensor module and Arduino UNO
27
3.8
Prototype of cooling fans
28
3.9
Prototype of lamps (LED)
28
3.10
Relay circuit
28
3.11
Switching power supply
29
3.12
Software architecture for automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement
31
3.13
Arduino IDE software for programming
32
4.1
Sample of data tabulated for every minute by using Microsoft Excel
35
4.2 (a)
Temperature graph of three hours before rain
36
4.2 (b)
Temperature graph of two hours before rain
36
4.2 (c)
Temperature graph of one hour before rain
37
4.2 (d)
Temperature graph within one hour rain
37
4.2 (e)
Temperature graph within two hours rain
38
4.3 (a)
Temperature graph of 30 minutes before rain
39
4.3 (b)
Temperature graph of 20 minutes before rain
40
4.3 (c)
Temperature graph of 10 minutes before rain
40
4.4 (a)
Temperature graph of 30 minutes before rain
41
4.4 (b)
Temperature graph of 20 minutes before rain
41
4.4 (c)
Temperature graph of 10 minutes before rain
42
4.5
Summary of five months of rain
43
4.6 (a)
LCD display current temperature and time
44
4.6 (b)
Water sensor did not detect any drops of water
44
4.6 (c)
Clothesline stay outside from the chamber
45
xiii
4.7 (a)
LCD display current temperature and time
45
4.7 (b)
Clothesline stay inside the chamber
45
4.7 (c)
Fans and lamps turn ON
46
4.8 (a)
Water sensor detect the drops of water
46
4.8 (b)
Clothesline stay inside the chamber
46
4.8 (c)
Fans and lamps turn ON
47
4.9 (a)
LCD display current time and temperature
47
4.9 (b)
Clothesline stay inside the chamber
47
5.1
Major city in Malaysia
51
5.2
Weather changes send via SMS
52
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SME
-
Small Medium Enterprise
PSM
-
Propensity Score Matching
UTM
-
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
UV
-
Ultra Violet
LCD
-
Liquid Crystal Display
PCB
-
Printed Circuit Board
LED
-
Light Emitting Diode
p.m.
-
Light Emitting Diode
a.m.
-
Light Emitting Diode
FYP1
-
Final Year Project One
FYP2
-
Final Year Project Two
xv
LIST OF SYMBOLS
V A
-
Volt Ampere
B
-
Byte
MHz
-
Mega Hertz
r/m
-
Rotation Per Unit
mN.m
-
Millimetre Newton Metre
m
-
Meter
K
-
Kilometer
µ
-
Micro
-
Degree Celsius
°C Ω
-
Ohm
xvi
LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX
A
TITLE
Automated Airer Based on Ambient Parameter Measurement Full Coding
PAGE
60
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background Information
Most of women will face difficulty to pick up hanging clothes when it comes to unforeseen circumstances such as rainy day. For example, when women were so busy doing other important works or not available at time, suddenly it is rainy and the clothes will exposed to rain. For working people, they have to worry about their clothes that have been dried outside. Nowadays, people do not have enough time to manage because many important things to do in daily routine. Thus, it may interfere their time to do some chores, especially for houses that do not have maids, either local or migrant.
This project focuses on the laundry issue. The weather can change from sunny to rainy days, for those who are working away from their house and for working couple, it is hard to find time to manage a laundry day where the cloth is dried through the whole day. In order to lighten their burden, the project proposed an automatic airer. This airer will able to detect the surrounding several rain factors. If the factors show the hint of rain, the airer will move into the specified chamber. Or else, it will stay outside under the sunny day until the clothes dry naturally.
1.2
Motivation
2 In this part will be discussed the details about women with profession, Malaysia in equator line and migrant maids to support the problem statement.
1.2.1
Women with Profession
Datuk Dr Noorul Ainur Mohd Nur, secretary-general from Women, Family and Community Development Ministry's was said in Star Online 2011, the female labor force participation rate in Malaysia was 47.9 percent, which was below average of other East Asia and Pacific countries based on the World Bank Report. By the year 2015 Malaysia is expected to have 55 percent of women in its labor force [1]. Many studies have shown the significance growth of global and local economy have contributed by women owned businesses. Over the past decade the growth has been increase [2]. Today, woman -owned businesses in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America are growing rapidly and women in market economy own more than 25 percent of all businesses [2]. Year by year the association of women in Small Medium Enterprise (SME) industry was built because of their mindfulness and inspiration to overhaul their economy and jobless among graduate students from university force themselves to involve all hands on deck. Subsequently, the mentality of women specialists which are exceptionally dedicated, skill and proactive that ambitious people's reality will assume control by women [2].
Women in Malaysia have been for a long time in the labor force. In any case, the cooperation of women in Malaysia holding higher managerial positions is uncommon in spite of the fact that women have higher instruction capability and experience compared with men [3]. It is unexpected in comparison to the current situation whereby after more than 20 years since women entered the labor force, women are hardly found in the higher managerial positions. Numerous organization still underestimate that men make a more efficient managerial pioneers compared with women. While in many Malaysian organization, a delicate issue about whether is the circumstances of elevating proficient women to top administration positions [3].
3 1.2.2
Malaysia in Equator Line
Malaysia experience rains, state and damp during the year because Malaysia are located on top of the equator line. Throughout the whole year equatorial regions are characterized by wet months and there is no alternation of summer and winter as in temperate regions. However, the climate in South East Asia, where Kuala Lumpur is located, is strongly seasonal because of the different monsoons caused by the changes in the direction and speed of airstreams.
Malaysia are never excessively hot because Malaysia basically observes by tropical climate. Except for high highlands, the atmosphere is considered decently hot and greatly sultry. Throughout the year, the average temperature for every month is between 20 ° C 30 ° C.
Round the year, Malaysia generally accomplish tropical climate. However, the rainstorm differs on the coastline of Peninsular Malaysia. The rainy season reaches out from September to December on the west coast, whereas on the east coast receive rainfall from October to February. As regards East Malaysia, between the months of November to February it gathers overwhelming rains [4].
Normal precipitation of mean annual cumulative rain in Malaysia is 2400mm – 3200mm [4]. From November to February is the crest month in Malaysia to become monsoon season, however on the west coast, August turns out to be the wettest month. In general, days are warm and nights are really cool in Malaysia. Furthermore its average climate is continually welcoming.
Therefore, all house need to have the automated airer to save their clothes from rainy day.
1.2.3
Migrant Maids
4 As more married women choose to participate in the workforce, the demand for migrant maids by households in Malaysia has increased rapidly [5]. According to statistic there are 729,809 workers from Indonesia and 189,500 of them work as a maid. The maid has become an integral member of many families in Malaysia. Detail indicate that, in 2012 there are currently about 230,000 foreign maids in Malaysia and the number could achieve 300,000 if Indonesian maids return to the nation [6].
Simple comparisons of families without housemaids and those with maids, suggesting that utilize maids can raise female labor force participation rates of their employers by 26 percentage points. By estimate the treatment effect of having a foreign maid the rise in female labor force participation is estimated by Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methods to be only 18 percentage points in 1993/94. Moreover, this effect appears to have decrease to only 13 percentage points from 2004/05. The minor impact of taking maids is more leisure time for Malaysian women and financial losses to the host households [5].
1.3
Problem Statement
During the rainy day, most of women facing problems to pick up hanging clothes especially when it comes to unexpected circumstances, such as when women workers are caught up with doing other obligations works or not available at the time.
Moreover, Malaysia is located on top of the equator line, it causes to experience rain state and damp during the year. This matter sometime causes problem with the female labor force when washed clothes are not dry and have an unpleasant smell.
Besides that, it will be more difficult to the family if they do not have helpers or maid that will help them in doing house chores. However, for the middle class of the family is cannot afford to hire a maid. Since, the salary of the maid was increasing year by year.
5 1.4
Objectives
The objectives of this research are:
i.
To investigate in details the basic behavior of rain (such as temperature) using sensor and data bank.
ii.
To develop automated airer: sensor, automated controller, and chamber.
iii.
To verify the automated smart airer performance based on the data on rain behavior.
1.5
Scope of Work
This project, will focus on clothesline in order to lighten the burden of women workers in laundry issue. Basically, there are some scopes in this project is to investigate in details the basic behavior before rain using temperature factor, between 7.00 a.m. to 6.30 p.m. around Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai based on the data bank of five months from July 2013 to September 2013. Then, design automated airer that can move automatically during rainy day based on temperature behavior.
1.6
Thesis Outline
This thesis comprises of five chapters. Chapter 1 provides the introduction, motivation, objective, problem statement and scope of work are involved in accomplishing this chapter. The author also highlights the significant achievement obtained upon completion of this project.
For Chapter 2 present a brief of factor that affect rain correlation, technology on clothesline start from the conventional clothesline until the current clothesline.
6 In Chapter 3, briefly explain on project planning, system architecture, electronics development and software development.
All the result obtained were showed in Chapter 4. The results were discussed in this chapter. Moreover, comparisons of the results are made between technology on clothesline and automated airer.
The outcome of this thesis is concluded in Chapter 5. Recommendations for future products are also given.
For Chapter 6, explain about the project management. Project management will discuss details about cost estimation of the system and project schedule of the project.
7
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
In this chapter, detail literature review is conducted. The literature started with the investigation of the rain factors, then followed with conventional clothesline and recent development of clothesline.
2.2
The Factor Affects the Formation of Rain Correlation
Main parameter measured was atmospheric pressure and others as secondary parameters were atmospheric temperature and relative humidity [7]. However, in this case study, the factor of temperature will be stress more. The basic behavior of temperature factor was investigated based on data bank, to get the average specific temperature before rainfall.
2.2.1 Temperature Affects the Formation of Rain Correlation
The conditions for cloud formation and rainfall are affected by higher temperatures. Heavy rainfalls, such as summer thunderstorms, are influenced more by temperature than rain from larger widespread rain systems. Heavy rain has farreaching consequences for society, and these could worsen at higher temperatures.
8 The volume of rain that falls in a heavy shower depends on the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. At higher temperatures the atmosphere may contain more water vapor, thus increasing the chance of heavy showers. The properties of a rain shower are strongly dependent on the time scale being studied, from five minutes to several hours or days, for instance. The various types of precipitation are created in different processes in the atmosphere.
This makes this a complex area from a research
perspective.
Rain-rate distribution and raindrop-size distribution are two important parameters used for attenuation prediction are.
Measured data and the rain-rate
conversion technique were proposed on both parameters [8]. There are three ranges of rainfall thresholds which are 0.1-10 mm h- 1(light precipitation), 10.1-30 mm h1(moderate rainfall) and more than 30 mm h-1(heavy rainfall) that was analyze the rainfall over Kelantan river basin [9]. The frequency of rainfall events for threshold value greater than 30 mm h-1 was shown in Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1
Frequency of rainfall events for threshold value greater than 30 mm h-1 [9]
9 2.3
Technology on Smart Clothesline
In today’s present era of the technology was evolved more household chores was converted to a modern ways. It was a long time ago that the people use a lot of efforts and dedication for their works even there is a way to lessen their task every day. Automated Clothesline gives more opportunities the client or the user to give a convenience on daily tasks. In this case study is to conduct an intensive research that would help the people in modern technology.
2.3.1
Conventional Clothesline
The conventional clothesline are totally exposed to sun and rain. Figure 2.2 shows the conventional clothesline. It is suitable for non-women worker are known as housewife. Even though non women are at home, but sometime non women worker also out from house. So, sometime their clothes are exposed to the rainy day too. Therefore non women worker also need automated airer to give comfortable for them if they are not at house.
Figure 2.2
2.3.2
Mrs Pegg’s Handy Line
Conventional way to hang clothes
10 Mrs Peggs Handy Line is the perfect alternative to conventional clotheslines, electric dryers, airers because it can be left outside permanently.
It is portable
clothesline and easily folded for storage as shown in Figure 2.3(a) and Figure 2.3(b).
They are several features of this product. The Handy Line clotheslines can be used everywhere either outdoors or indoors that means the clothesline are lightweight portable clothes dryer. This clothesline builds from stainless steel and ultra-strong aluminum. Its compact design which is its can carry to anywhere and it is ideal for living areas with limited space such as retirement villages, apartments, courtyards and balconies. It also folds flat for easy storage. Furthermore, this clothesline can saves energy because this clothesline use natural environment to dry the clothes. At any time in any weather the users being able to wash, without using an expensive electric dryer. Then, power bills will be reduced since the clothesline do not use any electricity source. Beside, being an energy saving product, the Handy Line also known as ecofriendly which mean it help to save the environment and planet. Moreover, it is easy to use and versatile clothesline which can hold full wash load like sheets, towels, blanket, clothes and others.
The disadvantages of this product is the user must lift the suspension to the suitable place. Sometime weather are very sunny but suddenly the weather change to rainy day. If the user place the clothesline at outside and they are not at home the clothes will exposed to the rain. Therefore, the user need the automated airer to save the clothes from wet.
11
Figure 2.3(a) Mrs Peggs Handy Line is ready to hang clothes [10]
Figure 2.3(b) Mrs Peggs Handy Line in fold flat for easy storage [10]
2.3.3
Clevacover
12 The Clevacover is revolutionary weatherproof cover which attaches to almost any rectangular or rotary clothesline assembly. Figure 2.4 shows Clevacover rotary clothesline and Figure 2.5 shows Clevacover rectangular clothesline. The cover is Ultra Violet (UV) stabilized and waterproof. The cover is excellent for protecting many clothes and linen. This clothesline use natural air to dry the clothes. Therefore, even if it is raining, the clothes and linen will dry because air dries the clothes not the sun. Besides that, this clothesline can save electricity because it’s no need dryer to dry the clothes.
The Clevacover only used air to dry the clothes while automated airer use natural sun to dry the clothes and use fans and lamps to dry the clothes if rainy day. Besides that, if rain with strong wind sometime the clothes also exposed to rain.
Figure 2.4
Clevacover rotary clothesline [11]
13
Figure 2.5
Clevacover rectangular clothesline [11]
2.3.4 Clever Clothesline
Clever Clothesline is a new rotary clothesline with a clever rain sensor that opens and retracts automatically water proof cover when it detects water. First hang the clothes on the clothesline. Then, cover the parameter of the clothesline with the water proof cover. A rain sensor positioned on top of roof cover to detect the first drops of rain water. When the sensor detect the drops of rain water, then the sensor will send to microcontroller to trigger a roof cover to automatically open and to make sure the clothes remain dry. The cover automatically retracts at the end of the rain shower, when the water sensor did not detect the drop of rain water anymore. Then, it allow full aeration and UV drying the clothes. All the operation of Clever Clothesline was shown in Figure 2.6, Figure 2.7 and Figure 2.8. The Clever Clothesline supplied with a side mesh which is attached to the three sides of the line, protecting your clothes from any rain that falls at an angle. While the mesh protects your clothes from rain. It is designed to allow aeration which allows your clothes to continue drying. User also can turn off the automatic cover and remove the side mesh, if the user are confident that day will not rain. The battery of the clothesline needs to recharge once
14 in two weeks and also depending on usage. The Clever Clothesline can easily fit two
to three machine loads of laundry.
The automated airer is more protect and care the clothes because automated airer move the clothesline in specific chamber when temperature sensor shows the hint of rain. Therefore the clothes are not in contact with water compared to Clever Clothesline that are wait until the water sensor detect water then the roof cover will cover the clothes.
Figure 2.6 Clever Clothesline in first step, hang the clothes [12]
Figure 2.7 Clever Clothesline in second step, cover the parameter of the
clothesline [12]
Figure 2.8
Clever Clothesline in third step, when the rain sensor detect water the roof cover will protect clothes [12]
15 2.3.5
Trendy Clothesline
Trendy Clothesline is the way to solve big issues of drying clothes in Australia. Figure 2.9 shows the Trendy Clothesline that was develop. The reason why this product are design is for low electricity bills.
This quality electric product was
designed with creative and innovative technology by utilizing minimum energy. Moreover, to sustain the planet Trendy Clothesline use eco- friendly way to the drying clothes. Trendy Clothesline helps to reduce the carbon foot print from your households which mean lower carbon taxes and more savings. Besides that, it was design in-built cross air flow fans to facilitate quick drying. Furthermore, it has specialty which is unnatural UV lights to disinfect clothes. This mean drying clothes is taken care irrespective of the weather. Hence, to solve big drying problems, the new Trendy Clothesline was develop with its variety features and unique design that can drying the clothes in any seasons and all weather conditions.
This product can save valuable working space on the floor because it mounted on the ceiling both indoors and outdoors. Furthermore, it is electrically operated and it has remote controlled to ease the user to control the operation. It can move upward and downward. It can move downward 1.2 meters from the ceiling for ease of hanging clothes.
Trendy Clothesline is the multifunctional four pole design to meet variety of needs from clothes to quilts. It can bear a load of 35 Kilos and it made from rust proof aluminum material.
This clothesline is fits well into the sustainable-living products
category
This product comes with three type of trendy clothesline which is Trendy Elegance, Trendy Vivid and Trendy Robust. These three types have same design but different specialty. For trendy Elegance it has UV light and fan. While Trendy Vivid has light and fan and Trendy Robust only has light.
16 Besides that, this clothesline also have disadvantages compared to automated airer. The disadvantages is this clothesline only use fully UV light and fan to dry clothes while automated airer use natural air and sun to dry the clothes. Therefore the usage of electricity in trendy clothesline are more than automated airer.
Figure 2.9
Trendy Clothesline [13]
2.4 Conclusion
Within this chapter, the study of the factor that can cause the formation of rain was discussed. Then, follow by the technology on the clothesline. There are pros and cons on the current clothesline but by study on the technology of clothesline that was introduce, it can give some idea to improve the clothesline to be more low cost and eco-friendly. For the next chapter, will discuss about the electronic components to be used for the automated clothesline.
17
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
This chapter explains the detail methodology in developing automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement. This will involve brief methodology on obtaining the rain data as well as the fabrication of the prototype.
3.2
Project Flow
Organization of a project is very important in order to create the superior outcome. The detail process flow is shown Figure 3.1.
18
Start
Literature review Investigate the correlation of rain based on temperature behavior
Proposed designed of automated airer
Develop the system Hardware
Sensor Motor YES
NO
Test using the data bank, is it function as expected?
End
Figure 3.1
Process flow of the project
Prior to the fabrication process, it is necessary to understand the current technology in airer. This can be achieved by conducting literature review which is explained in Chapter 2. Then, follows with the correlation studies between rain and temperature.
After that, the design of automated airer is propose. The automated airer has specific chamber because it use to secure the clothes from wet during the rainy day.
19 Its mean the automated airer will move to the specific chamber when the temperature sensor detect the hint of rain or the water sensor detect the drop of rain water. The water sensor uses to support the temperature sensor if in any case the temperature sensor unable to detect any temperature drop as stated in Chapter 4, water sensor will sense any water droplets that shows raining. Then, within ten minutes the water sensor did not detect any drop of water, the automated airer will move out from the specific chamber and dry the clothes naturally.
Next, the hardware system was develop by using sensor and motor. In the next subtopic which is electronic development will discussed the details of electronic components that has been used.
After the system was complete, the system will test using the temperature factor of rain. If the system functions as expected, it will end the project, but if the system cannot functioning well it troubleshoot at the hardware development.
3.3
System Architecture
Figure 3.2 shows the architecture of the automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement.
An automated airer systems consist of five primary
components to develop it which is water sensor, temperature sensor, DC gear motor, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen, and Arduino. For the electronic design, it is equivalent to human body system whereby the microcontroller which is an Arduino, the brain of the whole system. Water sensor is use to detect rain while temperature sensor is use to detect environmental temperature and power supply as the heart to work the system. Other components such as DC gear motors and LCD screen are placed to complete the system.
By using water sensor and temperature sensor as the input of the device, the Arduino will give two outputs which is the motor will move the clothesline forward and backward and the display of current temperature on the LCD screen.
20
Figure 3.2
3.4
Architecture of the System [14]
Electronic Development
This section describes the electrical circuitry for an automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement system. Microcontroller and interfacing circuit are the part of electrical circuit system for this project.
3.4.1
Microcontroller
Arduino UNO has been used in this project as the main board for controlling purposed. Arduino known as a microcontroller module for developing a prototyping because of its simplicity, flexibility and open source library, reduce development time and all essential circuits have already built inside the module. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based on Processing). The main program of the automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement will be uploaded to
21 Arduino UNO. Figure 3.3 (a) shows Arduino UNO as a microcontroller and Figure 3.3 (b) shows the name of every pins in Arduino UNO.
Figure 3.3 (a) Arduino UNO as a microcontroller
Figure 3.3 (b) Name of every pins in Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO can convert from analog input to digital output [15]. Since this project uses 12 digital input/output pins and three analog input pins, it is partially utilize the digital and analog pins in Arduino UNO. Table 3.1 shows the pin was used in Arduino UNO in developing this project. Table 3.2 shows the detail specification of the Arduino UNO R3 Microcontroller.
Table 3.1
The uses pin in Arduino UNO
Electronic Components
Arduino Pin
Liquid crystal display (LCD) Rocker switch Water sensor module Fans Lamps
Digital pin 0 to 5 Digital pin 6 Digital pin 7 Digital pin 8 Digital pin 9
DC gear motor Temperature sensor Timer circuit
Digital pin 10 and 11 Analog pin 3 Analog pin 4 and 5
Table 3.2
Arduino UNO specification [16]
22
Microcontroller
ATmega328
Operating Voltage
5V
Input Voltage (recommended)
7-12V
Input Voltage (limits)
6-20V
Digital I/O Pins
14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins
6
DC Current per I/O Pin
40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin
50 mA
Flash Memory
32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
SRAM
2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM
1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed
16 MHz
3.4.2
DC Gear Motor
Industrial applications, robotic manipulators and appliances that require control of motor speed and position use DC motors [17]. DC gear motor used to actuate the movement of automated airer. The direction and speed of the motor will be controlled using a motor driver and the motor driver is controlled by Microcontroller. The DC gear motor used in this project design is to move the clothesline forward and backward from the specific chamber. Figure 3.4 shows the circuit for motor driver to connect the DC gear motor and Arduino UNO.
23
Figure 3.4
Motor driver circuit
The specification for the DC motor as showed in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3
Specifications of DC Gear motor [18]
Rated voltage No load speed No load current Rated torque Rated current Rated speed Stall torque Stall current
3.4.3
LCD Screen
12VDC 7000 r/m 70mA 5.88mN.m 410mA 5200 r/m 23.5mN.m
1A
24 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen is an electronic display module and was utilized as a medium for the system to communicate with user and to monitor the system. Hence, to inform or tell the user about the status of the system, the LCD was used because LCD act as an output monitor.
This project used the LCD is to show the time and current temperature as the output. In this project, a 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 column by 2 rows characters used as an LCD of choice. The LCD has 16 pins which consist of power supply pin, data pin, the enable pin, backlight pin and contrast pin. Figure 3.5 shows hardware connection between LCD and Arduino UNO.
Figure 3.5
3.4.4
Hardware connection between LCD and Arduino UNO
Temperature Sensor
National Semiconductor was design an integrated circuit temperature sensor which is LM35. This temperature sensor use to detect the environmental temperature to show the hint of rain. It has wider range of linear working and higher precision. The output voltage LM35 linear proportional Celsius temperature[19], at ordinary temperatures, it can provide ±1/4°C common precision of room temperature without
25 need additional calibration or fine-tune. The test used LM35DZ-92 type temperature sensor with plastic packaging [20]. Table 3.4 shows the specification of temperature sensor. The hardware connection of temperature sensor and Arduino UNO was shown in Figure 3.6.
Table 3.4
Specifications of temperature sensor[21]
Microcontroller
ATmega328
Working voltage
dc 4 ~ 30V
Working current
less than 133 µA
Output voltage
+ 6V —1.0V
Output impedance
1mA load 0.1^2
Measuring precision
0.5 °C (in + 25 °C)
Leak current
less than 60 µA
Scale factor
linear + 10.0 mV / °C
Nonlinear value
±1/4 °C
Calibration means Measuring temperature range Accuracy guarantee able (at +25°C)
use directly Celsius temperature calibration
0 ~ 100 °C
0.5°C
26
Figure 3.6
Hardware connection between temperature sensor, LM35DZ and Arduino UNO [20]
3.4.5
Water Sensor
Figure 3.7 (a) shows the rain sensor module. Rain sensor module is low cost rain detector which can be used to detect water or rainfall [22]. It comes in two parts, the sensor plate and the sensor module board. The sensor plate has two printed circuit board (PCB) tracks which routed parallel surrounding it.
These tracks are not
connected, but when rain drop to the surface of the plate and changes the resistance between the tracks because rain is conductive, this further reduces the resistance between these two tracks. More rain touches the plate, resistance becomes lower. The rain module comes with a comparator and adjustable potentiometer for user to adjust the threshold to toggle digital output. This rain module can use the digital or analog output. Rain module use power supply between 3.3V to 5V DC. The hardware connection between rain sensor module and Arduino UNO was shown in Figure 3.7 (b).
27
Figure 3.7 (a)
Figure 3.7 (b)
Rain sensor module
Hardware connection between rain sensor module and Arduino UNO [23]
3.4.6
Fans and Lamps
Figure 3.8 and Figure 3.9 shows fans and lamps (LED light emitting diode) that use in this project. It use to dry the clothes continuously even though it become
28 rainy day. It give air flow to prevent the clothes from unwanted smells. When the airer move into the specific chamber fans and lamps will turn ON. That is mean the weather become rainy. When the clothes are dry naturally at outside, fans and lamps will automatically turn OFF. Relay circuit are used to connect the hardware of fans and lamps as shown in Figure 3.10. Both use 12V as a supply to on fans and lamps.
Figure 3.8
Prototype of cooling
Figure 3.9
fans
Prototype of lamps (LED)
Figure 3.10
Relay circuit
29 3.4.7
Power Source
The power supply is important in every system to operate the electronic circuit. In choosing right power supply is very important, because if the power supply give to the circuit is less than the required, the system will not operate. For this product, switching power supply was use as a power source. The output voltage of this source is 12V. Figure 3.11 shows the switching power supply as a power supply.
Figure 3.11
3.5
Software Development
3.5.1
Software Design
Switching power supply
30
Clothesline in chamber
Curtain close
Lamp and fan off
Rocker switch on and timer YES between 7.00 a.m. – 6.30 p.m.
NO
YES Curtain open
Clothesline move forward
At 7.00 a.m. – 10.30 a.m. when temperature ≤ 24.6°C At 10.31 a.m.
–
11.59 a.m. when
temperature ≤ 26.2°C
NO
At 12.00 p.m. – 3.00 p.m. when temperature ≤ 27.5°C At 3.01 p.m.
–
3.59 p.m. when
temperature ≤ 26.8°C
At 4.00 p.m.
–
temperature ≤
5.00 p.m. when 24.4°C
At 5.01 p.m. – 6.30 p.m. when temperature ≤ 26.2°C Or water sensor detect water
A
B
31
A YES Clothesline move backward
Curtain close
Fan and lamp on
Water sensor not detect
NO
water in 10 minutes YES
YES Fan and lamp off
Figure 3.12
B
Software architecture for automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement
Automated airer system is develop to help women workers manage their laundry time easily. By using this automated airer that consists temperature sensor to measure the environmental temperature. The value was measured will show in the LCD display. When the value temperature meet the specific condition or water sensor detect drops of water, it will trigger the motor to move the clothesline into specific chamber. Then, fans and lamps will turn ON to continue dry the clothes. When the water sensor did not detect water within 10 minutes the clothesline will move outside to dry the clothes naturally. Fans and lamps will automatically turn OFF. Figure 3.12 shows the overall software architecture.
3.5.2
The Arduino IDE Software
32 There are many aspect that contains in Arduino IDE which is text editor for code sketching, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions, and a series of menus. File extension “.ino” or “.pde” is file type which sketches will be saved. In the message area, will be display saving, exporting, and errors as a feedback message. Besides that, console displays text output by the Arduino environment including error message and other information. Moreover, to verify and upload programs, create, open, save sketches, and open the serial monitor just click on the toolbar buttons. Before uploading the sketch, user need to ensure that correct items such as the serial port and Arduino boards have been selected. Arduino boot loader is used when uploading a sketch, which is a small program has been loaded in the microcontroller.
After done developing the hardware implementation, Arduino IDE software will use to program the microcontroller and the specific input condition to run the motor driver. Figure 3.13 shows an Arduino IDE software for programming.
Figure 3.13
Arduino IDE software for programming
33 3.6
Product Testing
The function of this part is to determine the product functionality and reliability. Several testing was conducted in this project to make sure the project is function properly and safety to the users. Before the circuit is powered up testing the fabrication of the electronics circuit and the circuit already soldered is needed to prevent the circuit from short circuit or defect while in fabricating it. There will be a risk if the circuit is not tested and can cause damaging on the microcontroller or other essential part of the system.
3.7
First Prototype
The product presentation is important because it can give first impression of the product. Before talk about price the first thing user will look on the safety of the device and the ergonomics value of the device. The product presentation in this project will be not be as interesting as if commercially manufacture because it still on the prototype mode.
3.8
Conclusion
Within this chapter, the methodology of this project was presented. First stage of this project need special and specific planning. The follow by literature review to know the specification of others product. The design of the system is second stage. During this stage the requirement and the specification of the electronic component must be chosen properly. The smallest details regarding the power distribution, the processor, the circuit reliability and others have taken care in this project to make the project successful. Next step will be follow by coding and troubleshooting. Coding is done to make the system follow the requirement. In chapter 4, the results on the performance of the system based on ambient parameter measurement will be discussed in details.
34
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Introduction
This chapter shows all the results obtained from the project of an automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement. In this part, the results will divide into two part which is the result of investigation of temperature factor before rain and the prototype of automated airer performance based on the investigation.
4.2
Correlation Study on the Relation of Temperature and Rain
There are several factors will change upon raining [7]. These factors are reviewed in detailed in Chapter 2. In this project, the relation of temperature behavior towards will be investigated. Rain data for 5 months, which is from May 2013 to September 2013 are analyzed in details, focusing on temperature behavior before rain. The data bank of rain was collected and obtained from Assoc. Dr. Jafri Din and Dr. Lam Hong Yin under project Satellite Site Diversity System Prediction from Weather Radar Network.
This ongoing experiment is currently being conducted at P18,
Automatic Weather Station. The changes of data was tabulated for every minute. Figure 4.1 shows the sample of data tabulated for every minute presented using Microsoft Excel.
35
Figure 4.1
Sample of data tabulated for every minute by using Microsoft Excel
After the data was collected, the investigation on temperature behavior was performed by plotting it using Microsoft Excel.
Figure 4.2 (a) shows graph of three hours before rain. The graph is the sample of rainy at evening, around 3.47 p.m. Every graphs were plotted in the period of one hour. While Figure 4.2 (b) shows graph of two hours before rain.
36
34.5 34 ) 33.5 C ( re 33 tu ra e 32.5 p m te °
32
31.5 31
7 4 : 2 1
0 5 : 2 1
3 5 : 2 1
6 5 : 2 1
0 0 : 3 1
3 0 : 3 1
6 0 : 3 1
9 0 : 3 1
2 1 : 3 1
5 1 : 3 1
8 1 : 3 1
1 2 : 3 1
4 2 : 3 1
7 2 : 3 1
0 3 : 3 1
3 3 : 3 1
6 3 : 3 1
9 3 : 3 1
2 :4 3 1
5 :4 3 1
time(min)
Temperature graph of three hours before rain
Figure 4.2 (a)
35.5 35 ) 34.5 C (° 34 e r u t a r e 33.5 p m te
33
32.5 32
7 4 : 3 1
0 5 : 3 1
3 5 : 3 1
6 5 : 3 1
9 5 : 3 1
2 0 : 4 1
5 0 : 4 1
8 0 : 4 1
1 1 : 4 1
4 1 : 4 1
7 :1 4 1
0 :2 4 1
3 2 : 4 1
6 :2 4 1
9 :2 4 1
2 :3 4 1
5 :3 4 1
8 :3 4 1
1 :4 4 1
4 :4 4 1
time(min)
Figure 4.2 (b)
Temperature graph of two hours before rain
Figure 4.2 (c) shows one hour before rain and the temperature slightly decrease. At the beginning of the period within one hour rain the graph in Figure 4.2 (d) shows it started rain at 15.47 p.m. Then, continue with next hours of rain graph as shown in Figure 4.2 (e) and the temperature continue drop.
37
40 35 30 ) 25 C ( e r 20 tu a r e 15 p m e t °
10 5 0
7 4 : 4 1
0 :5 4 1
3 :5 4 1
6 :5 4 1
9 :5 4 1
2 :0 5 1
5 :0 5 1
8 :0 5 1
1 :1 5 1
4 :1 5 1
7 :1 5 1
0 :2 5 1
3 :2 5 1
6 :2 5 1
9 :2 5 1
2 :3 5 1
5 :3 5 1
8 :3 5 1
1 :4 5 1
4 :4 5 1
time(min)
Temperature graph of one hour before rain
Figure 4.2 (c)
30 25 ) C20 ( e r u tr 15 a e p m10 te °
5 0
7 :4 5 1
0 :5 5 1
3 :5 5 1
6 :5 5 1
9 :5 5 1
2 :0 6 1
5 :0 6 1
8 :0 6 1
1 :1 6 1
4 :1 6 1
7 :1 6 1
0 :2 6 1
3 :2 6 1
6 :2 6 1
9 :2 6 1
2 :3 6 1
5 :3 6 1
8 :3 6 1
1 :4 6 1
time(min)
temp Series1
Figure 4.2 (d)
rain Series2
Temperature graph within one hour rain
4 :4 6 1
38
25 20 ) C ( e r 15 tu a r e p10 m e T 5 °
0 7 :4 6 1
0 :5 6 1
3 :5 6 1
6 :5 6 1
9 :5 6 1
2 :0 7 1
5 :0 7 1
8 :0 7 1
1 :1 7 1
4 :1 7 1
7 :1 7 1
0 :2 7 1
3 :2 7 1
6 :2 7 1
9 :2 7 1
2 :3 7 1
5 :3 7 1
8 :3 7 1
1 :4 7 1
4 4 : 7 1
time(min) Series1 temp
rain Series2
Figure 4.2 (e): Temperature graph within two hours rain
Next, Table 4.1 shows the summary of all graph for three hours before rain. The temperature for three and two hours before rain did not show any pattern because the temperature are fluctuate. Then, follow by one hours before start rain it give a trend which is temperature became drop. Next, for 30 minutes and 20 minutes before it start rain it shows the temperature changes are slightly decrease. And for the last 10 minutes before rain the temperature was significantly decrease.
Table 4.1
Summary of three hours before rain
Time
Changes for temperature
Temperature range
3 hours
No trend
32.22 °C - 34.25 °C
2 hours
No trend
33.10 °C - 34.96 °C
1 hours 30 minutes
Have trend Slightly decrease
35.12 °C - 28.09 °C 32.82 °C – 27.13 °C
20 minutes 10 minutes
Slightly decrease Significantly decrease
30.90 °C - 27.13 °C 30.14 °C - 27.13 °C
Next, the investigation was details on the 30 minutes before rain because at the previous investigation its show some trend which is easy to analyze. In this part
39 investigation, time duration of rain temperature were stress.
That is means the
temperature was analyze based on time of rain.
Figure 4.3 (a) shows the temperature changes for 30 minutes before rain in the afternoon started at 12.08 p.m. Then, follow by Figure 4.3 (b) for 20 minutes before rain. At the end of the graph at 12.37 p.m. in Figure 4.3 (c) shows the weather become rainy and the temperature shows 27.407 °C as a reference. From the three figure shows that there are some temperature drop before rain.
28.25 28.221 28.2 28.15
28.147
28.147
28.147
28.122
) 28.1 C ( e r 28.05 u t a r e 28 p m e T 27.95
28.097
°
28.072 28.023
27.949
27.949
27.9 27.85 27.8 1 12:08
2 12:09
3 12:10
4 12:11
5 6 12:12 12:13
7 12:14
8 12:15
9 12:16
Figure 4.3 (a)
10
12:17
Time(min)
Temperature graph of 30 minutes before rain
40
28 27.98
27.974
27.974
27.96 27.94 ) C °( 27.92 e r 27.9 tru a e 27.88 p m e 27.86 T
27.949
27.949 27.924 27.899
27.899
27.899 27.875
27.85
27.84 27.82 27.8 27.78 1 12:18
2 12:19
3 12:20
4
12:21
5
12:22
6
12:23
7
12:24
8
12:25
9
10
12:26
12:27
Time(min)
Temperature graph of 20 minutes before rain
Figure 4.3 (b)
28 27.9
27.924
27.924
27.949
27.949 27.875 27.825
27.8
) C °( 27.7 re u t 27.6 ra e 27.5 p m e 27.4 T 27.3
27.751 27.653
27.481 27.407
27.2 27.1 1 12:28
2 12:29
3 12:30
4 5 12:31 12:32
6 12:33
7 12:34
8 12:35
9 12:36
10 12:37
Time(min)
Figure 4.3 (c)
Temperature graph of 10 minutes before rain
Figure 4.4 (a) shows the temperature changes for 30 minutes before rain in the morning started at 9.45 a.m. and follow by Figure 4.4 (b) as temperature drop 20 minutes before rain. At the end of the graph at 10.13 a.m. in figure 4.4 (c) the weather become rainy and the temperature shows 27.515 °C as a reference
41
27 26.891 26.8
26.769 26.793 26.695
26.6
26.573 26.475
) C °( 26.4 re u t ra 26.2 e p
26.402 26.426
26.353 26.231
m e T 26
25.8 1
2 9:46 9:45
3 9:47
4 9:48
5 9:49
6 9:50
7 9:51
8 9:52
91 9:53
0 9:53
Time(min)
Figure 4.4 (a)
Temperature graph of 30 minutes before rain
26.4 26.2
26.182 26.061
26
25.914
) 25.8 C (° re 25.6 tu a r e 25.4 p m e 25.2 T
25.89 25.866 25.841 25.647 25.404 25.283 25.137
25 24.8 24.6 1 9:54
2 9:55
3 9:56
4 9:57
5 9:58
6 7 8 9:59 10:00 10:01
91 10:02
0 10:03
Time(min)
Figure 4.4 (b)
Temperature graph of 20 minutes before rain
42
25.2 25
25.016 24.871
) 24.8 C (° e r 24.6 u t a r e 24.4 p m e T 24.2
24.75
24.702 24.629
24.581 24.508 24.436
24.388 24.315
24 23.8 1 2 3 4 10:04 10:05 10:06 10:07
5 10:08
6 7 10:10 10:09
8 91 0 10:11 10:13 10:12
Time(min)
Figure 4.4 (c)
Temperature graph of 10 minutes before rain
From the five months data, based on investigation was conducted it can be conclude that every range of time it has a value of temperature as a reference before its rain as shown in Table 4.2 and Figure 4.5. In this experiment the time range was divide into six phase. For first phase, is around 7.00 a.m. – 10.30 a.m. and the reference temperature is less than and equal to 24.6°C. Follow by second phase which is at 10.31 a.m. – 11.59 a.m. the reference temperature is less than and equal to 26.2°C. Then, for third phase is at 12.00 p.m. – 3.00 p.m. the reference temperature is less than and equal to 27.5°C. Next, follow by 3.01 p.m. – 3.59 p.m. and the reference temperature is less than and equal to 26.8°C as a fourth phase. Fifth phase is between 4.00 p.m. – 5.00 p.m. and the reference temperature is less than and equal to 24.4°C. Lastly, sixth phase is between 5.01 p.m. – 6.30 p.m. the reference temperature is less than and equal to 26.2°C.
43
29 28 27
) C ,( re26 u t ra e p25 m °
e24 T
23 0
7.00
510.30
10
12.00
15 ) Time (min
Phase 1 Phase 2
Figure 4.5
Table 4.2
4.3
Phase 3
20
3.00
25 4.00 5.00
30 6.30
Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6
Summary of five months of rain
Summary of temperature reference
Phase
Time
Temperature reference
1 2 3 4 5 6
07.00 a.m. – 10.30 a.m. 10.31 a.m. – 11.59 a.m. 12.00 p.m. – 03.00 p.m. 03.01 p.m. – 03.59 p.m. 04.00 p.m. – 05.00 p.m. 05.01 p.m. – 06.30 p.m.
≤ 24.6°C ≤ 26.2°C ≤ 27.5°C ≤ 26.8°C ≤ 24.4°C ≤ 26.2°C
Programming
Software programming has been successfully tested on the hardware of automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement system. After the compilation of C language in Arduino IDE Software, then implement the algorithm into the system. The results can be viewed on the operation of the system. Automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement coding are available in the Appendix A.
44 4.3.1
Programming Implementation
Programming implementation is to test the automated airer are functioning based on the investigation of temperature behavior. When the rocker switch is turn ON the system will check the temperature. The current temperature and time will display on the LCD display. If the time between 7.00 a.m. to 6.30 p.m. the automated airer will operate based on the investigation was carried out. This system have two input which is temperature sensor and water sensor. If the any one of the input meet the condition the automated airer will retrieve the clothesline into the specific chamber. Then, the fans and lamps will turn ON. Then, if any one of the input did not meet the condition the clothesline will stay outside and the lamps and fans will turn OFF.
4.4
Final Integration Result
First case is at 3.18 p.m., the temperature sensor shows in Figure 4.6 (a) the current temperature which is 29.7°C. This means, it did not meet the condition in phase 4 which is the temperature must less than and equal to 26.8°C to make the clothesline move into the specific chamber. Besides that, Figure 4.6 (b), the water sensor also did not detect any drops of water. Therefore, the automated airer will stay outside and dry the clothes naturally as shown in Figure 4.6 (c).
Figure 4.6 (a)
LCD display current
temperature and time
Figure 4.6 (b)
Water sensor did
not detect any drops of water
45
Figure 4.6 (c)
Clothesline stay outside from the chamber
Figure 4.7 (a) shows the temperature is 24.5°C at 10.15 a.m. At this time the current temperature shows it meet condition in phase one which the reference temperature is less than and equal to 24.6°C. Therefore, the automated airer move into the specific chamber as shown in Figure 4.7 (b).
Then, fans and lamps will
automatically turn ON, refer to the Figure 4.7 (c).
Figure 4.7 (a)
LCD display current
temperature and time
Figure 4.7 (b)
Clothesline stay inside
the chamber
46
Figure 4.7 (c)
Fans and lamps turn ON
For this case, if the temperature sensor did not meet the condition temperature reference in any phase but the water sensor detect the drops of water as shown in Figure 4.8 (a). Then, the automated airer also move into the specific chamber and the fans and lamps will automatically turn ON as shown in Figure 4.8 (b) and Figure 4.8 (c).
Figure 4.8 (a)
Water sensor
detect the drops of water
Figure 4.8 (b)
Clothesline stay inside
the chamber
47
Figure 4.8 (c)
Fans and lamps turn ON
For last case is at night as shown in Figure 4.9 (a). If there are clothes on the clothesline the automated airer will placed the clothes in the chamber and continue dry the clothes by using fans and lamps as shown in Figure 4.9 (b)..
Figure 4.9 (a)
LCD display current
Figure 4.9 (b)
time and temperature
4.5
Clothesline stay inside
the chamber
Conclusion
This chapter discusses about the results of the automated airer as it verify the investigation of temperature behavior before rain.
The temperature sensor has
analyzed on the environmental temperature. Then, the automated airer was tested for any of phase and water sensor. The automated airer based on ambient parameter
48 measurement is meet all objectives as stated in Chapter 1. Next chapter will discuss the overall conclusion of the project to support the objectives.
49
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1
Introduction
This project commenced with aim of developing an automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement in order to lighten women work er’s burden about laundry issues. To accomplish this, the author developed an automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement. The first prototype of automated airer showed an excellent performance by following expected flow.
5.2
Conclusion
The author successfully fulfilled the project objectives by developing the automated
airer
based
on
ambient
parameter
measurement.
From
this
accomplishments, the author summarized and listed the outcomes and contributions.
1. The author has investigated in details the basic behavior of rain, such as temperature using sensor and data bank. The data bank of five months was investigate in details about hint of rain by using temperature factor. The results of rain correlation using temperature behavior was conclude in details which is at certain time it has a temperature references. For first phase, at 7.00 a.m. – 10.30 a.m., the temperature reference is ≤ 24.6°C. Second phase is at 10.31 a.m. – 11.59 a.m., the temperature reference is ≤ 26.2°C. Follow by third phase is at 12.00 p.m. – 3.00 p.m., the temperature reference is ≤ 27.5°C. Fourth
50 phase is at 3.01 p.m. – 3.59 p.m., the temperature reference is ≤ 26.8°C. Fifth phase is at 4.00 p.m. – .5.00 p.m., the temperature reference is ≤ 24.4°C and last phase is at 5.01 p.m. – .6.30 p.m., the temperature reference is ≤ 26.2°C.
2. The automated airer has been successfully developed by using temperature sensor, water sensor and chamber. The temperature sensor was used to detect environmental temperature in order to relate to the investigation about hint of rain by using temperature factor.
So that, the temperature sensor will
automatically trigger the clothesline move into the chamber when it shows the hint of rain. Moreover, water sensor had been used by the author, is to support the first factor which is temperature as a weather forecast or known as rain prediction. Besides that, the chamber had been used as a place to save the clothes during rainy day.
3. The author also developed the software part in order to make the airer move automatically to the chamber when temperature factor shows the hint of rain or when the water sensor detect any drops of water. Then, the automated airer can operate as expected flow.
Therefore, the aim of this project was achieved which is to lighten the women workers burden by developing an automated airer based on the ambient parameter measurement.
5.3
Project Limitation
The limitation of this project is investigation before rain correlation using temperature factor. The investigation was operated between 7.00 a.m. to 6.30 p.m. because people normally hang the clothes during that time. The data bank of rain correlation only around Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai within five months which is from July 2013 to September 2013. Therefore, the automated airer only can be use around UTM Skudai because the daqta bank only araund UTM Skudai.
51 5.4
Recommendation
Throughout the course of this project, several areas of interest, which have tremendous research potential have been identified by the author. These areas are as follow:
1. Since in this project, only one factor is considered it is suggested to add another factors of investigation that affected by the rain.
Other factors is wind
direction, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. Hence, the prediction of rain will more accurate based on many factor are consider.
2. Besides that, the improvement for future work is automated airer can use at other places, not only in UTM Skudai. Other than that, the investigation of rain correlation can be wider to other area or region. Since number of women workers in major city is increasing annually, therefore it is suggested to focus on rain data in several major city such as Selangor, Pulau Pinang Melaka and Perak. Figure 5.1 shows the major city in Malaysia.
Figure 5.1
Major city in Malaysia
3. For software part, the improvement that can be included in future work is the users get information about weather changes and the automated airer operation
52 via short message service (SMS). Figure 5.2 shows the users can get update the weather changes via SMS.
Figure 5.2
Weather changes send via SMS
53
CHAPTER 6
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
6.1
Introduction
Project management is regularly related to designing activities, which ordinarily have a complex set of segments that must be finished and assembled to develop a functioning product. Hence, to achieve the project goals the application of processes, methods, knowledge, skills and experience are needed. In order to provide a clear guideline or workflow, Gantt chart has been used as a project schedule to make sure the task must be completed within the time [24].
Next, to keep the project achieve the required requirement and to ensure minimal project cost, the cost estimation on the all components must be performed neatly. Before tabulated final cost, market survey on the component cost must be carried out to get better electronics suppliers.
6.2
Project Planning
The real process for final year project one (FYP1) is to study or research the background of project, electronic components to be used in develop the system and the impact of the system to the society such as society needs and benefits as shown in Table 6.1.
54 In study the project background, several steps was taken in order to get fully understand about the project, which is the research was carried out by reading research paper on related product and scientific journal about rain formation, women workers and others.
Through internet search, there are many teaching and learning process
about the software development.
The current technology about the clothesline was search via web. There is a lot of current clothesline which is can compared to improve understanding on the project. Hence, from there many ideas can come out to fulfill the needs, objectives and scope of the automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement.
Table 6.1
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project One (FYP1)
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project Two (FYP2) was shown in Table 6.2. For this semester, fabrication on the project prototype was develop which is for hardware and software.
For first two weeks the design for automated airer was
proposed to the supervisor, then the design was fabricate. Through second semester, the time more spend on fabricating, testing and improvement the system.
55 Table 6.2
6.3
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project Two (FYP2)
Cost Estimation
In this part, Table 6.3 will explain the details about cost estimation for hardware and electronic components that are used in developing the project system. Below are details about the cost estimation for overall system.
Table 6.3
ITEM
Cost estimation for the system
UNIT
COST(RM)
1 1 2 Subtotal
90.00 80.00 40.00 RM 210.00
1 1 1
80.00 70.00 8.00
Hardware
Clothesline Chamber Coupler motor Electronic components Switching power supply Arduino UNO starter kit Temperature sensor
56 ITEM Rain sensor module Donut Board LCD display Timer IC DS1370 & holder Quartz crystal H490-RTC
Cell battery CR 2032 & holder Motor Driver DC geared motor SPG30-30K
Relay 12V Diode IN4007 2N222\BC548 Push button Resistor 10KΩ Terminal block Micro switch(long lever) Fans and Lamps Fans Lamps(LED super bright 5mm blue)
Resistor 430Ω Relay 12V Diode IN4007 Push button Resistor 10KΩ 2N222\BC548 Terminal block Main Switch Rocker switch-small 2 pins Red Terminal block Resistor 10KΩ
6.4
Conclusion
UNIT 1 1 1 Subtotal
COST(RM) 13.00 3.80 15.00
1 1
8.20 2.00
1 Subtotal
6.50 RM 16.70
2 2 6 2 2 2 2 4 Subtotal
96.00 From FKE store From FKE store From FKE store From FKE store From FKE store 1.40 14.00 RM 111.40
2 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 Subtotal
10.00 1.50 From FKE store From FKE store From FKE store From FKE store From FKE store From FKE store 1.40 RM 12.90
1 1 1
1.60 0.70 From FKE store
Subtotal
RM 2.30
RM 189.80
57 In the nutshell, to achieve the objective and to fulfill the user needs all the factors such as cost estimation and project schedule must be consider before develop a system, because user will focus on the cost of product and the benefit of product to the users.
58
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23
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24
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60
APPENDIX A
Automated Airer Based on Ambient Parameter Measurement Full Coding
#include #include #include "RTClib.h" RTC_DS1307 rtc; const int motor1L = 11; const int motor1R = 10; const int motor2L = 12; const int motor2R = 13; const int fan = 8; const int lamp = 9; const int rockerswitch = 6; const int rain = 7; const int Temp_Pin = A3; LiquidCrystal lcd(5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0); int temperature = 0; int RainValue; void setup () { //Serial.begin(9600); lcd.begin(16, 2); /* #ifdef AVR Wire.begin(); #else Wire1.begin(); // Shield I2C pins connect to alt I2C bus on Arduino Due #endif rtc.begin(); if (! rtc.isrunning()) { rtc.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
61 } */ //Serial.println("rainValue"); pinMode (motor1L, OUTPUT); pinMode (motor1R, OUTPUT); pinMode (motor2L, OUTPUT); pinMode (motor2R, OUTPUT); pinMode (lamp, OUTPUT); pinMode (fan,OUTPUT); pinMode (rockerswitch, INPUT); pinMode (rain, INPUT); pinMode (temperature, INPUT); lcd.clear(); } void loop () { DateTime now = rtc.now(); int RS = digitalRead(rockerswitch); if ( (RS == 0) && (now.hour() >= 0x07) && (now.hour() <= 0x12) ) // switch ON { lcd.setCursor(13,0); lcd.print("1 "); if ( (now.hour() == 0x12) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) ) { OPERATION(); } else { OPERATION(); } } else if ( (RS == 0) && (now.hour() > 0x12) ) { lcd.setCursor(13,0); lcd.print("2 "); ClotheslineBackward(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } else if (RS == 1) // switch OFF { lcd.setCursor(13,0); lcd.print("3 "); NOT_OPERATE();
62 } DISPLAY_INFORMATION(); DISPLAY_CLOCK(); delay(500); } void DISPLAY_INFORMATION(void) { temperature = get_temperature(); //get the temperature lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print("TEMP(C) :"); lcd.setCursor(10,1); //set the cursor at 1st position of the 2nd line lcd.print(temperature/10,DEC); //Starting from position of cursor, print the round number part of temperature as decimal on LCD lcd.print('.'); lcd.print(temperature%10,DEC); //print the decimal part of temperature as decimal on LCD } void DISPLAY_CLOCK(void) { DateTime now = rtc.now(); lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print(" "); lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print(now.hour(), DEC); lcd.print(':'); lcd.print(now.minute(), DEC); lcd.print(':'); lcd.print(now.second(), DEC); } void OPERATION(void) { DateTime now = rtc.now(); RainValue = digitalRead(rain); temperature = get_temperature(); //get the temperature if((now.hour() >= 0x07) && (now.hour() <= 0x0A) && temperature <= 24.6 ) { if( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() > 0x1E) )
63 { //TODO : NOP } else { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } } else if((now.hour() >= 0x0A) && (now.hour() <= 0x0B) && temperature <= 26.2) { if( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() >= 0x1F) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() < 0x1F) ) { //TODO } else if( (now.hour() == 0x0B) && (now.minute() <= 0x3B) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0B) && (now.minute() > 0x3B) ) { //TODO } else { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } } else if((now.hour() >= 0x0C) && (now.hour() <= 0x0F) && temperature <= 27.5 ) { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } else if((now.hour() == 0x0F) && temperature <= 26.8) {
64 if( (now.hour() == 0x0F) && (now.minute() >= 0x01) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0F) && (now.minute() < 0x01) ) { //TODO } else if( (now.hour() == 0x0F) && (now.minute() <= 0x3B) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0F) && (now.minute() > 0x3B) ) { //TODO } else { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } } else if((now.hour() >= 0x10) && (now.hour() <= 0x11) && temperature <= 24.4) { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } else if((now.hour() >= 0x11) && (now.hour() <= 0x12) && temperature <= 26.2) { if( (now.hour() == 0x11) && (now.minute() >= 0x01) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x11) && (now.minute() < 0x01) ) { //TODO } else if( (now.hour() == 0x12) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn();
65 } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x12) && (now.minute() > 0x1E) ) { //TODO } else { ClotheslineBackward(); //CurtainClose(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } } else if (RainValue == 1) //X Hujan { Fan_and_LampOff(); ClotheslineForward(); } else if(RainValue == 0) { ClotheslineBackward(); Fan_and_LampOn(); } } void NOT_OPERATE(void) { ClotheslineBackward(); Fan_and_LampOff(); } void ClotheslineForward(void) { digitalWrite (motor1L,HIGH); digitalWrite (motor1R,LOW); } void ClotheslineBackward(void) { digitalWrite (motor1L,LOW); digitalWrite (motor1R,HIGH); } void CurtainOpen(void) { digitalWrite (motor2L,HIGH); digitalWrite (motor2R,LOW); } void CurtainClose(void)
66 { digitalWrite (motor2L,LOW); digitalWrite (motor2R,HIGH); } void Fan_and_LampOn (void) { digitalWrite(lamp, HIGH); digitalWrite(fan, HIGH); } void Fan_and_LampOff (void) { digitalWrite(lamp,LOW); digitalWrite(fan,LOW); } int get_temperature(void) { float adc_value = 0; //declare a variable to store ADC value float total_temperature = 0; //declare a variable to store sum of multiple temperatures //for average temperature calculation int average_temperature = 0; //declare a variable to store the average temperature calculated for(int count =0; count<100; count++) //obtainning the sum of multiple temperatures (100 samples in this case) { adc_value = analogRead(Temp_Pin); //obtain ADC reading total_temperature += adc_value/1024*100*5*10; //accumulate the sum of temperatures untill all samples are taken, same as total_temperature = total_temperature + adc_value/1024*100*1.1*10; } average_temperature = int(total_temperature / 100); //calculate the average temperature, convert it from float to integer return average_temperature; //return average temperature to the main }
/* if((RainValue == 0)|| (now.hour() >= 0x07) && (now.hour() <= 0x0A) && temprature {
<= 24.6) if( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() > 0x1E) )
67 { //TODO : NOP } else { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } } else if( (RainValue == 0)||(now.hour() >= 0x0A) && (now.hour() <= 0x0B) && temprature <= 26.2) { if( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() >= 0x1F) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() < 0x1F) ) { //TODO } else if( (now.hour() == 0x0B) && (now.minute() <= 0x3B) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0B) && (now.minute() > 0x3B) ) { //TODO } else { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } } else if((RainValue == 0)|| (now.hour() >= 0x0C) && (now.hour() <= 0x03) && temprature <= 27.5) { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); }
68 else if((RainValue == 0)|| (now.hour() >= 0x03) && (now.hour() <= 0x03) && temprature <= 26.8) { if( (now.hour() == 0x03) && (now.minute() >= 0x01) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x03) && (now.minute() < 0x01) ) { //TODO } else if( (now.hour() == 0x03) && (now.minute() <= 0x3B) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x03) && (now.minute() > 0x3B) ) { //TODO } else { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } } else if( (RainValue == 0)||(now.hour() >= 0x04) && (now.hour() <= 0x05) && temprature <= 24.4) { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } else if( (RainValue == 0)||(now.hour() >= 0x05) && (now.hou()r <= 0x06) && temprature <= 26.2) { if( (now.hour() == 0x05) && (now.minute() >= 0x01) ) {
ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x05) && (now.minute() < 0x01) ) { //TODO }
69 else if( (now.hour() == 0x06) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) ) { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } else if ( (now.hour() == 0x06) && (now.minute() > 0x1E) ) { //TODO } else { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } } DateTime now = RTC.now(); Start_M = now.minute(); Finish_M = Start_M + A; int RainValue = digitalRead(rain); //Serial.println(rainValue); if ((RainValue == 1)&& (Finish_M == A)) //X Hujan { CurtainOpen(); Fan&LampOff(); ClotheslineForward(); } else if ((RainValue == 0)&& (Finish_M == A))//Ada Hujan { ClotheslineBackward(); CurtainClose(); Fan&LampOn(); } } */
