5G Mobile Technology (LIJO SANKARATHIL)

5G Mobile Technology

Seminar Report 2010-2013

MANNAM MEMORIAL N.S.SCOLLEGEKONNI,PATHANAMTHITTA (Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam)

BSc. ELECTRONICS SEMINAR REPORT ON

5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree in BSc. Electronics during the year 2010-2013

Submitted by LIJO RAJAN (Reg. No: SBAG10184273)



MANNAM MEMORIAL N.S.SCOLLEGE KONNI,PATHANAMTHITTA (Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam)

BSc. ELECTRONICS

CERTIFICATE I certified that the dissertation work titled “5GMOBILE TECHNOLOGY” submitted by LIJO RAJAN, RegNo. SBAG10184273 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in Bachelor of Electronics of Mahatma Gandhi university, Kottayam, Kottayam, is a bonafide work done by him during the year 2010-2013.

Prof. N.MOHANMrs.JYOTHI.R HOD, Dept. of Electronics Principal

Mr.SRIKANTH.H Seminar coordinator

External Examiner



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the outset, I thank God almighty for making my endeavor a success. I also express my gratitude to Mrs. Jyothy Head of the Department, Division of Computer Engineering for providing me with adequate facilities, ways and means by which I was able to complete this t his Seminar.

I express my sincere gratitude to our seminar guide Mr. Srikanth H. for his constant support and valuable suggestions without which the successful completion of this seminar would not have been possible.

I express my immense pleasure and thankfulness to all the teachers and staff of the Department of Electronics MannamMemorial N.S.S. College for their cooperation and support.

Last but not the least I thank all others and especially my classmates and my family members who in one way or another helped us in the successful completion of this work.

LIJO RAJAN



ABSTRACT 5G technology will change the way most high-bandwidth users access their phones. With 5G pushed over a VOIP-enabled device, people will experience a

level

of

call

volume

and

data

transmission

never

experienced

before.5Gtechnology is offering the services in Product Engineering, Documentation,

supporting

electronic

transactions

(e-Payments,

e-

transactions) etc. As the customer becomes more and more aware of the mobile phone technology, he or she will look for f or a decent package all together, including all the advanced features a cellular phone can have. Hence the search for new technology is always the main motive of the leading cell phone giants to out innovate their competitors. Recently apple has produced shivers all around the electronic world by launching its new handset, the I phone. Features that are getting embedded in such a small piece of electronics are huge. The 5g design is based on user-centric mobile environment with many wireless and mobile technologies on the ground. In heterogeneous wireless environment changes in all, either new or older wireless technologies, is not possible, so each solution towards the next generation mobile and wireless networks should be implemented in the service stratum, while the radio access technologies belong to the transport stratum regarding the Next Generation Networks approach. In the proposed design the user terminal has possibility to change the Radio Access Technology - RAT based on certain criteria. For the purpose of transparent change of the RATs by the mobile terminal, we introduce so-called PolicyRouter as node in the core network, which establishes IP tunnels to the mobile terminal via different available RATs to the terminal. The selection of the RAT is performed by the mobile terminal by using the proposed user agent for multi-criteria multi -criteria decision making based on the experience from the performance measurements performed by the mobile terminal.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement……………………………………….………………… Acknowledgement……………………………………….…………………

Abstract…..................... Abstract….............................................. ................................................. ............................…………… ....………………… ……

1) Introduction…………………………………………………………… Introduction …………………………………………………………… 1

Network.................................. .......…………... .…………...4 4 2) Evolution from 0G-5G Network............................

system………...……………………....……………………6 3) 0G wireless system………...……………………....……………………6

4) 1G wireless system……….……………………………...……………. 7

5) 2G wireless system……...……...……………………...…………….9

6) 3G wireless system…………….…….…………………………………… 11 7) The 4G technology…………………………….……………………12 technology …………………………….……………………12

8) The 5G technology………………………………………………………. .14

9) The 5th generation real wireless world system…… system …… ………. ……….…… ……....15 ....15

1G-5G technology……………………….………...17 technology……………………….………. ..17 10) Comparison of 1G-5G

5G....……………..........18 11) Beam division multiple access BDMA for 5G....……………..........18



12) 5G mobile network …………………………………………………..21 …………………………………………………..21

13) 5G mobile network architecture…………………………………..22 network architecture…………………………………..22

14) Key concept of 5G………………………………………………….26

15) Features of 5G technology………………… .……………………...27 16) 5G super core concept……………………………………………..28 17) Conclusion…………………………………………………………..29 18) Reference………………………...………………………………….30



List of Figurs FigureDescription Page No. 1……………………………………..…0G wireless system Figure 1……………………………………..…0G

----6

…………………………………........1G mobile phone Figure 2…………………………………........1G

----8

………………………………………..2G mobile phone Figure 3………………………………………..2G

----10

4………………………………...........3G mobile phone Figure 4………………………………...........3G

----11

Figure 5………………………………...........4G 5………………………………...........4G mobile phone

----14

6………………………………..………5G mobile phone Figure 6………………………………..………5G

----16

Figure 7……………..…Comparison of 1G-5G Technology ----17 Figure 8…………………………Functional Architecture for

5G mobile network ----22 Figure 9………….….….Protocol layout for the elements

of the Proposed architecture architecture ----23



1. INTRODUCTION

The present cell phones have it all. Today phones have everything ranging fromthe smallest size, largest phone memory, speed dialing, video player, audioplayer, and camera and so on. Recently with the development of Pico nets and Bluetooth technology data sharing has become a child's play. Earlier with theinfrared feature you can share data within a line of sight that means the twodevices has to be aligned properly to transfer data, but in case of blue tooth youcan transfer data even when you have the cell phone in your pocket up to a rangeof 50 meters. The creation and entry of 5G technology into the mobilemarketplace will launch a new revolution in the way international cellular plansare offered. The global mobile phone is upon the cell phone market. Just aroundthe corner, the newest 5G technologies will hit the mobile market with phonesused in China being able to access and call locally phones in Germany. Truly innovative technology changing the way mobile phones will be used. Withthe emergence of cell phones, which are similar to a PDA, you can now have yourwhole office within the phone. Cell phones will give tough competitions to laptopmanufacturers and normal computer designers. Even today there are phones withgigabytes of memory storage and the latest operating systems .Thus one can saythat with the current trends, the industry has a real bright future if it can handlethe best technologies and can produce affordable handsets for its customers.Thus you will get all your desires unleashed in the near future when these smartphones take over the market. 5G Network's router and switch technology deliversLast Yard Connectivity between the Internet access provider and buildingoccupants. 5G's technology intelligently distributes Internet access to individualnodes within the building. The world has seen a lot of changes in the realm of communication. Today we no more use landlines. Everyonepossesses a mobile phone that functions nine to seven. Our handsets not only keep us connected with the world atlarge but also serve the purpose of entertainment gadget.


From


1G

to

2.5G

and

from

3G

to

5G this

world

of telecommunications has seen a number of improvements along with improved performance with every passing day.5G technologyis on its way to change change the way by which most of the users us ers access their handsets. Users will gothrough a level of call volume and data transmission with 5G pushed over a VOIP enables gadget. With increasingawareness of customers with respect to upcoming technologies, affordable packages and good looks; it is veryimportant that mobile producers must give an altogether decent package for keeping up the customer loyalty. Themost important and leading motive of leading mobile phone manufacturers is the creation of best and latesttechnology to compete with innovative market giants.

We have seen great cell phones one after another, withunbelievable traits. Apple has remained successful in shivering the electronic world by putting forth its latest iPhone4G that take the market by storm.In such a small electronic piece huge features are getting embedded. There are very few mobiles left without mp3player or/and camera. c amera. People are focusing on getting everything without spending a penny more. Keeping in mind theuser’s pocket, economic cell phone s are introduced

with

maximum

features.

With

5G

technology

you can

hook youmobile phone to your laptop for broadband internet access. The characteristics especially video player, camera, mp3recorder, messengers, photo treatment and games have made today’s mobile phone a handheld computer.The developed world is already utilizing 4G and it is beyond imagination that what will be engulfed in 5G aseverything is already embedded such as smallest mobile phones, speed dialing, largest memory, audio and videoplayer, Microsoft office, etc. Pico net and Bluetooth technology has made data sharing a child’s play.Initially infra red kept us bound for properly aliening two handset devices for data sharing.

We still remember thedisturbance and irritation caused in transferring data but the advent of Bluetooth changed the history. It enabled us toshare data between two gadgets within a range of 50 meters. meters.



With the swiftness in data sharing the cell phonemanufactures focused on mobile broadband that can open a new window of communication and navigation in theworld of telecommunications.5G technology will change the manner in which cellular plans are offered worldwide. A new revolution is about tobegin. The global cell phone is around the corner.

The global mobile phone will hit the localities who can call and access from China to Germany’s local phone with this new technology. The way in which people are communicating will altogether upgrade. The utilization of this gadget will surely move a step ahead with improved and accessible connectivity around the world. Your office will shrink into your handset with this cell phone that is going to resemble PDA (personal digital assistant) of twenty first century. This This 5G technology and its predecessors are going to give tough competition to laptops and normal computers whose market will be affected. The market is still not easy to grab with mobile phone currently equip with gigabytes of storage and latest operating systems. The telecommunication sector is going on blooming and its bloom is expected to stay for a very long time. Latest technology will come in more affordable rates and better features. Plans are in pipeline. Let’s wait and see s ee how the world will look like look like with 5G! 5G “Fifth Generation” Technology5Gis Technology5Gis the newest and latest technology that will be the successor to 4G cellular technology. This high value and more enhanced technology contains every kind of advanced technology and features that makes it the most dominating and most demand technology in the coming future. Amazing isn’t it such a huge collection of technology being integrated into a small device . The5G technology provides the mobile phone users more features and efficiency than than th the 100 1000 lun lunar module. module. A user user of mobile mobile phon phonee can easily easily hook hook their their 5G techn technolo ology gy gadg gadget et with wi th lapt la ptop opss or tablets to acquire broadband internet connectivity.


2.


EVOLUTION FROM FROM0G-5G 0G-5G NETWORKS

Cell phones are used millions and billions of users worldwide. How many of usknow the technology behind cell phones that is used for our communication? Ihave also intrigued about the type of technology used in my phone. What are0G,1G, 2G, 3GAnd4Gtechnologies? 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G & 4G ("G" stands for "Generation") are the generations of wireless

telecom

mobiletelephones

connectivity.In connectivity. In

was

1945,

introduced. Mobile

the

zero

Telephone

generation Service,

(0G) were

of not

officiallycategorized as mobile phones, since they did not support the automatic change of channel frequency during calls.1G calls. 1G (Time Division Multiple Access and FrequencyDivision Multiple Access ) was the initial wireless telecom network system. It'sout-dated It'sout-dated now. The analog“brick phones” and “bag phones” are under 1Gtechnology. Cell phones era began with 1G. The next era, 2G has taken its place of 1G. Cell phones received their first majorupgrade when they went from 1G to 2G. This leap effectively took cell phonesfrom analog to digital. 2G and 2.5G were versions of the GSM and CDMAconnections. And GSM is still the most popular technology, but with no internet.Fortunately, GPRS, an additional service, is provided over GSM for the purpose of internet access. acce ss. GPRS has been developed and thus, EGPRS was created. It's moresecure and faster than GPRS. Then 3G came, the new Wireless CDMA technology. It is the first

wirelesstelecom

technology

that

provides

broadband-speed

internet

connection on mobilephones. It has been specially made for the demand of internet on smart phones.Further development led to the creation of 3.5G, which provides blazing fastinternet connection on phones, up to the speed of 7.2 MBPS. A smart phone can beconnected to a PC to share its internet connection and 3G and 3.5G are ideal forthis. But, as this WCDMA technology is not available in all regions, its not aspopular as GSM yet. Before making the major leap from 2G to 3G wirelessnetworks, the lesser-known 2.5G was an interim standard that bridged the gap.Following 2.5G, 3G ushered in faster data-transmission speeds so you could useyour cell phone in more data-demanding ways.



This has meant streaming video(i.e.movie trailers and television), audio and much more. Cell phone companiestoday are spending a lot of money to brand to you the importance of their 3Gnetwork.The above systems and radio

interfaces

are basedon kindred spreadspectrum

radio transmission technology. While the GSM EDGE standard("2.9G"), DECT cordless phones and Mobile WiMAX standards formally alsofulfill the IMT-2000 requirements and are approved as 3G standards by ITU, theseare typically not branded 3G, and are based on completely different technologies.4G, which is also known as “beyond 3G” or “fourthgeneration” cell phonetechnology, refers to the entirely new evolution.

Developers are now going for 4G(OFDMA), which will provide internet up to the speed of 1 GBPS! It is said to beable to overcome the problems of weak network strength and should provide amuch wider network, making sure that the users get high-speed connectivityanytime anywhere. No doubt, 4G will open new doors of revolutionary internettechnologies, but for now, 3G and 3.5G are the best. 4G will allow for speeds of upto 100Mbps. 4G promises voice, data and high-quality multimedia in real-timeform all the time and anywhere.



3. 0G WIRELESS SYSTEM:In 1945, the zero generation (0G) of mobile telephones was introduced.0G mobile telephones, such as Mobile Telephone Service, were not officially categorized as mobile phones, since they did not support the automatic change of channel frequency during calls, which allows the user to move from one cell (the base station coverage area) to another cell, a feature called "handover". Technologies used in 0G systems included PTT (Push to Talk), MTS(MobileTelephone System) , IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Ser vice),A MTS(Advanced

Mobile Telephone

System),

OLT

(Norwegian

for Offentlig LandmobilTelefoni ,Public Land Mobile Telephony) and MTD (Swedish abbreviation for Mobile Telephony system D).

These mobile telephones were usually mounted in cars or trucks, thoughbriefcase models were also made. Typically, the transceiver (transmitter receiver)was mounted in the vehicle trunk and attached to the "head" (dial, display, andhandset) mounted near the driver seat. They were sold through WCCs (WirelineCommon Carriers, AKA telephone companies), RCCs (Radio Common Carriers),and two-way radio dealers. The primary users were loggers, constructionforemen, realtors, and celebrities. They used them for basic voice communication.

Fig1 : 0G wireless system



4. 1G WIRELESS SYSTEM First Generation wireless technology (1G) is the original analog(An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varyingfeature (variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varyingquantity), voice-only cellular telephone standard, developed in the 1980s. Themain difference between two succeeding mobile telephone systems, 1G and 2G,is that the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks aredigital. Although both systems use digital signalling to connect the radio towers (whichlisten to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system, the voice itself duringa call is encoded to digital signals in 2G whereas 1G is only modulated to higherfrequency, typically 150 MHz and up. One such standard is NMT (Nordic MobileTelephone), used in Nordic countries, Eastern Europe and Russia. Others includeAMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) used in the United States, TACS (TotalAccess Communications System) in the United Kingdom, JTAGS in Japan, C-Netz inWest Germany, Radiocom 2000 in France, and RTMI in Italy.

Analog cellularservice is being phased out in most places worldwide. 1G technology replaced 0Gtechnology, which featured mobile radio telephones and such technologies asMobile Telephone System (MTS), Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS),Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), and Push to Talk (PTT).



Keys: 

Developed in 1980s and completed in earl y 1990’s



1G was old analog system and supported the 1st generation of analog cellphones speed up to 2.4kbps3.

 

Advance mobile phone system (AMPS) was first launched by the US and is a1G mobile system4. Allows users to make voice calls in 1 country

Fig2: 1G mobile phone



5.

2G WIRELESS SYSTEM

2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology.

Second

generation2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standardin Finland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in 1991. 2G network allows for much greaterpenetration intensity. 2G technologies enabled the various mobile phone networks to pro p rov vid idee th theese serrvic icees su such ch as te tex xt mess ssaages es,, pic ictu turre mes essa sag ges and MMS (m (mu ult ltim imed ediia messages). 2Gtechnology is more efficient. 2G technology holds sufficient security for both the sender and thereceiver. All text messages are digitally encrypted. This digital encryption allows for the transferof data in such a way that only the intended receiver can receive and read it.

Second generation technologies are either time division multiple access (TDMA) or codedivision multiple access (CDMA). TDMA allows for the division of signal into timeslots. CDMA allocates

each user

a special

code

to

communicate

over a

multiplex physicalchannel. Different TDMA technologies are GSM, PDC, I DEN, IS-136. CDMA technology is IS-95. GSMhas its origin from the Group special Mobile, in Europe. GSM (Global system formobile communication) is the most admired standard of all the mobile technologies. Althoughthis technology originates from the Europe, but now it is used in more than 212 countries in theworld. GSM technology was the first one to help establish international roaming.

This enabledthe mobile subscribers to use their mobile phone connections in many different countries of theworld’s theworld’s is based based on digital signals ,unlike 1G technologies which were used to transfer analoguesignals. GSM has enabled the users to make use of the short message services (SMS) to anymobile network at any time. SMS is a cheap and easy way to send a message to anyone, otherthan the voice call or conference. This technology is beneficial to both the network operators andthe ultimate users at the same time.



In comparison to 1G's analog signals, 2G's digital signals are very reliant on location andproximity. If a 2G handset made a call far away from a cell tower, the digital signal may not beenough to reach it. While a call made from a 1G handset had generally poor quality than that of a2G handset, it survived longer distances. This is due to the analog signal having a smooth curvecompared to the digital signal, which had a jagged, angular curve. As conditions worsen, thequality of a call made from a 1G handset would gradually worsen, but a call made from a 2Ghandset would fail completely.

Keys :



Fielded in the late 1980s and finished in the late 1990s2.



Planned for voice transmission with digital signal and the speeds up to 64kbps3.



2G was the digital handsets that we are used today4.



2G network allows for much greater penetration intensity.




6. 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM International Mobile Telecommunications2000 (IMT2000), better known as 3G or 3rdGeneration,is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobiletelecommunications services fulfilling specificat specifications ions by the the International TelecommunicationUnion. The use of 3G technology is also able to transmit packet switch data efficiently at betterand increased baandwid b idth th.. 3G mobile te tecchnolo log gie iess proff ffeers more adv advance ced d se serv rvic ices es to mobil ileu euse serrs. The The spectral efficiency of 3G technology is better than2G technology .Spectralefficiency is the measurement of rate of information transfer over any communication system.3G is also known as IMT-2000.

Keys: 

Transmission speeds from 125kbps to 2Mbps



In 2005, 3G is ready to live up to its performance in computer networking (WCDMA,WLAN and Bluetooth) and mobile devices area (cell phone and GPS)3.



Data are sent through technology called packet switching4.



Voice calls are interpreted using circuit switching5.



Access to Global Roaming6.



Clarity in voice calls7.



Fast Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, Video Conferencing, Video Calls, MultiMedia Messaging Service (MMS), 3D gaming, Multi-Gaming etc are also available with3G ph p hones3 s3G G Mobil ilee Ph Pho one




7.

4G WIRELESS SYSTEM

4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successorto 3G and 2G families of standards. The nomenclature of the generations generally refers to achange in the fundamental nature of the service, non-backwards compatible transmissiontechnology, and new frequency bands.3G technologies make use of TDMA and CDMA. 3G(Third Generation Technology) technologies make use of value added services like mobiletelevision, GPS (global positioning system) and video conferencing. The basic feature of 3GTechnology (Third Generation Technology) is fast data transfer rates. However this feature is notcurrently working properly because, ITU 200 is still making decision to fix the data rates.

It isexpected that 2mbit/sec for stationary users, while 348kbits when moving or travelling. ITU sellvarious frequency rates in order to make use of broadband technologies. Network authenticationhas won the trust of users, because the user can rely on its network as a reliable source of transferring data.3G technology is much flexible, because it is able to support the 5 major radiotechnologies. These radio technologies operate under CDMA, TDMA and FDMA.CDMA holdsfor IMT-DS (direct spread), IMT-MC (multi carrier). TDMA accounts for IMT-TC (time code),IMT-SC (single carrier). FDMA has only one radio interface known as IMT-FC or frequencycode.

Third generation technology is really affordable due to the agreement of industry. Thisagreement took place in order to increase its adoption by the users. 3G (Third GenerationTechnology) system is compatible to work with the 2G technologies. 3G (Third GenerationTechnology) technologies holds the vision that they should be expandable on demand. The aimof the 3G (Third Generation Technology) is to allow for more coverage and growth withminimum investment.The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications notpreviously available to mobile phone users.



Some of the applications are:



Mobile TV – – aa provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where itcan bee wat b atcched ed..



Video on demand – – aa provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.3.



Video conferencing – – subscribe subscribers rs can see as well as talk to each other.4.



Tele-medicine – – aa medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated subscriber.



Location-based services – a – a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to thephone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends.



mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier transmission.7.



Mobile WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

Keys: 

4G is a conceptual framework and a discussion point to address future needs of a highspeed wireless network 2.



It offer both cellular and broadband multimedia services everywhere3.



Expected to emerged around 2010 – – 2015 2015



4G should be able to provided very smooth global roaming ubiquitously with lower cost4G Mobile Phone




8. THE 5G TECHNOLOGY 5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5Gtechnology haschanged the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth.

User

neverexperienced ever before such a high value technology.

The 5G technologies include all type of advanced featureswhich makes 5G technologymost powerful and in huge demand in near future.

The gigantic array of innovative technology being built into new cell phones isstunning. 5G technologies which are on hand held phone offering more powerand features than at least 1000 lunar modules. A user can also hook their 5Gtechnology cell phone with their Laptop to get broadband internet access. 5Gtechnology including camera, MP3 recording, video player, large phone memory, dialing speed, audio player and much more you never imagine. For childrenrocking fun Bluetooth technology and Pico nets has become in market.



9. The Fifth Generation (5G)-Real Wireless World System

The 5th wireless mobile multimedia internet networks can be completed wireless communication without limitation, which bring us perfect real world wireless – World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW). 5G is based on 4G technologies, which is to be revolution to 5G. The 5thwireless mobile internet networks are real wireless world which shall be supported by LAS-CDMA, OFDM, MCCDMA, UWB, Network-LMDS and IPv6.

Currently 5G is not not a term officially used for any particular specification or in any official document yet made public by telecommunication companies or standardization bodies such as 3GPP, WiMAX Forum or ITU-R. New 3GPP standard releases beyond 4G and LTE Advanced are in progress, but not considered as new mobile generations. 5G technology has changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before such a high value technology. Nowadays mobile users have much awareness of the cell phone (mobile) technology.

The 5G technologies include all type of advanced features which makes 5G technology most powerful and in huge demand in near future. The gigantic array of innovative technology being being built into new cell phones is stunning. stunning.

5G

technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted call volumes and infinite data broadcast within latest mobile operating system. 5G technology has a bright future because it can handle best technologies and offer priceless handset to their customers. May be in coming days 5G technology takes over the world market.



The Router and switch technology used in 5G network providing high connectivity.A new revolution of 5G technology is about to begin because 5G technology going to give tough completion to normal computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be effected. The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordable rates, high peak future and much reliability than its preceding technologies.

Fig6: 5G mobile phone WHAT 5G TECHNOLOGY OFFERS? 5G technologygoing to be a new mobile revolution in mobile market . Through5G technology now you can use worldwide cellular phones and this technologyalso strike the china mobile market and a user being proficient to get access toGermany phone as a local phone. With the coming out of cell phone alike to PDAnow your whole office in your finger tips or in your phone. 5G technology has a bright future because it can handle best technologies and offerpriceless handset to their customers. May be in coming days 5G technology takesover the world market. 5G Technologies

have

an

extraordinary

capability

tosupport

Software

and

Consultancy.

The 5G technology distributes internetaccess to nodes within wit hin the

building and can be deployed with union of wired orwireless network connections. The current trend of 5G technology has a glowingfuture.


10.


Fig7:COMPARISON OF 1G-5G TECHNOLOGY


11.


BEAM DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (BDMA)FOR 5G

The goal of mobile communication systems is to provide improved and flexible services to a larger number of mobile users at lower costs. This objective results in a big challenge for the wireless technology that is increasing system capacity and quality within the limited available frequency spectrum. The challenge in mobile communication system is to communicate using limited frequency and time. In order to achieve this target multiple access technique is required. There are Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) techniques, etc. as examples of typical multiple access technology developed up to now.



FDMA - The FDMA technique divides frequency resource and allots them to respective mobile stations, allowing to give multiple accesses.



TDMA - The TDMA technique divides time resource, and allots respective mobile stations to give multiple accesses.



CDMA - The CDMA technique allots orthogonal codes to respective mobile stations, which allows the mobile stations to give multiple access



OFDMA - The OFDMA technique divides and allots an orthogonal frequency resource to maximize resource utility efficiency.

In the mobile communication system, limited frequency and time are divided to be used among multiple users, and a capacity of the mobile communication system is limited depending on given frequency and time. It is expected that a capacity required required in a mobile mobile communication system will increase as the number of mobile stations increase in future and an amount of data required in respective mobile stations is increased. However, since frequency/time resources which respective systems can use are limited, there is a demand for a technical development, which uses other resources than frequency/time resources in order to increase a capacit y of the system.



Symbols:WWWW:

A World Wide Wireless Web is capable of supporting a comprehensivewireless based Web application that includes full graphics and multimediacapability at beyond 4G speeds

WDM:

Wavelength Division Multiplexing allows many independent signals to betransmitted simultaneously on one fiber with each signal located at a differentwavelength. Routing and detection of these signals require devices that arewavelength selective, allowing for the transmission, recovery, or routing of specific wavelengths in photonic networks.

WCDMA:

Wideband CDMA is a technology for wideband digital radiocommunications of multimedia and other capacity demanding applications. It isadopted by ITU under the name IMT-2000 direct spread . PSTN:

Public Switched Telephone Network is a regular voice telephone network.

Spread Spectrum:

It is a form of wireless communication in which the frequencyof the transmitted signal is deliberately varied over a wide range. This results in ahigher bandwidth of the signal than the one without varied frequency.

TDMA:

Time Division Multiple Access is a technology for sharing a medium byseveral users by dividing into different time slots transmitting at the samefrequency.



UMTS:

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is the third generationmobile telephone standard in Europe that was proposed by ETSI

WAP:

Wireless Application Protocol defines the use of TCP/IP and Web browsingfor mobile systems.

FHSS:

In Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, a broad slice of bandwidthspectrum is divided into many possible broadcast frequencies to be used by thetransmitted signal.

CDMA-2000:

Sometimes also known as IS-136 and IMT-CDMA multicarrier(1X/3X) is an evolution of narrowband radio transmission technology known asCDMA-ONE (also called CDMA or IS-95) to third generation. 1X refers to the useof 1.25Mhz channel while 3X refers to 5Mhz channel.

DAWN:

Advanced technologies including smart antenna and flexiblemodulation are keys to optimize this wireless version versi on of reconfigurable ad hocnetworks. DSSS:

In Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, the data stream to be transmitted isdivided into small pieces, each of which is allocated a frequency channel. Thenthe data signal is combined with a higher data rate bit sequence known as“chipping code” that divides the data according to a spreading ratio, thusAllowinga resistance from interference during transmission


12.


5G MOBILE NETWORK

5G networks make use of this flat IP concept to make it easier for different RAN to upgrade in to a single Noncorenetwork. Our 5G network uses Nanotechnology as defensive tool for security concern that arises due to flat IP. Certainly Flat IP network is the key concept to make 5G acceptable for all kind of technologies. To meet customer demand for real-time data applications delivered over mobile broadband networks, wireless operators are turning to flat IP network architectures. Flat IP architecture provides a way to identify devices using symbolic names, unlike the hierarchical architecture such as that used in "normal" IP addresses. This is of more interest to mobile broadband network operators. With the shift to flat IP architectures, mobile operators can:



Reduce the number of network elements in the data path to lower operations costs and capital expenditure.



Partially decouple the cost of delivering service from the volume of data transmitted to align infrastructure capabilities with emerging application requirements.



Minimize system latency and enable applications with a lower tolerance for delay; upcoming latencyenhancements on the radio link can also be fully realized.



Evolve radio access and packet core networks independently of each other to a greater extent than in the past, creating greater flexibility in network planning and deployment.



Develop a flexible core network that can serve as the basis for service innovation across both mobile andgeneric IP access networks



Create a platform that will enable mobile broadband the network. Instead of overlaying a packet data core on the voice network, separate and muchsimplified data architecture can be implemented that removes the multiple elements from the network chain. operators to be competitive, from a price performance perspective, with wired networks.



Flat network architecture removes that voice-centric hierarchy from the network. Instead of overlaying a packet data core on the voice network, separate and much-simplified data architecture can be implemented that removes the multiple elements from the network chain.

13.

5G Mobile Network Architecture:-

Figure shows the system model that proposes design of networkarchitecture for 5G mobile systems, which is all-IP based model for wireless andmobile networks interoperability. The system consists of a user terminal (whichhas a crucial role in the new architecture) and a number of independent,autonomous radio access technologies. Within each of the terminals, each of theradio access technologies is seen as the IP link to the outside Internet world.However, there should be different radio interface for each Radio AccessTechnology (RAT) in the mobile terminal. For an example, if we want to haveaccess to four different RATs, we need to have four different access – specificinterfaces – specificinterfaces in the mobile terminal, and to have all of them active at the same time,with aim to have this architecture to be functional.applications and servers somewhere on the Internet. Routing of packets shouldbe carried out in accordance with established policies of the user.

Fig8: Functional Architecture for 5G Mobile Networks



Fig9: Protocol Layout for the Elements of the Proposed Architecture



Application connections are realized between clients and servers in the Internetvia sockets. Internet sockets are endpoints for data communication flows. Eachsocket of the web is a unified and unique combination of local IP address andappropriate local transport

communications

communication

port,

and

port, type

target of

IP

transport

address protocol.

and

targetappropriate

Consideringthat,

the

establishment of communication from end to end between the clientand server using the Internet protocol is necessary to raise the appropriateInternet socket uniquely determined by the application of the client and theserver. This means that in case of interoperability between heterogeneousnetworks and for the vertical handover between the respective radiotechnologies, the local IP address and destination IP address should be fixed andunchanged. Fixing of these two parameters should ensure handover transparencyto the Internet connection end-to-end, when there is a mobile user at least onone end of such connection. In order to preserve the proper layout of the packetsand to reduce or prevent packets losses, routing to the target destination and viceversa should be uniquely and using the same path. Each radio access technologythat is available to the user in achieving connectivity with the relevant radioaccess is presented with appropriate IP interface. Each IP interface in the terminalis characterized by its IP address and netmask and parameters associated with therouting of IP packets across acr oss the network. In regular inter-system handover thechange of access technology (i.e., vertical handover) would mean changing thelocal IP address. Then, change of any of the parameters of the socket means andchange of the socket, that is, closing the socket and opening a new one. Thismeans, ending the connection and starting e new one. This approach is not-flexible, not- flexible, and it is based on today’s Internet communication. In order to solve thisdeficiency we propose a new level that will take care of the abstraction levels of network access technologies to higher layers of the protocol stack. This layer iscrucial in the new architecture.



To enable the functions of the appliedtransparency and control or direct routing of packets through the mostappropriate radio access technology, in the proposed architecture we introduce acontrol system in the functional architecture of the networks, which works incomplete coordination with the user terminal and provides a network abstractionfunctions and routing of packets based on defined policies.At the same time this control system is an essential element through which it can determine the quality of service for each transmission technology. He is on the Internet side of the proposed architecture, and as such represents an ideal system to test the qualitative characteristics of the access technologies, as well as to obtain a realistic picture regarding the quality that can be expected from applications of the user towards a given server in Internet (or peer). Protocol setup of the new levels within the existing protocol stack, which form the proposed architecture, is presented in Figure (Protocol Layout for the Elements of the Proposed Architecture). The network abstraction level would be provided by creating IP tunnels over IP interfaces obtained by connection to the terminal via the access technologies available to the terminal (i.e., mobile user). In fact, the tunnels would be established between the user terminal and control system s ystem named here as Policy Router, which performs routing based on given policies. In this way the client side will create an appropriate number of tunnels connected to the number of radio access technologies, and the client will only set a local IP address which will be formed with sockets Internet communication of client applications with Internet servers. This way we achieve the required required abstraction of the network to the client applications at the mobile terminal. The process of establishing a tunnel to the Policy Router, for routing based on the policies, are carried out immediately after the establishment of IP connectivity across the radio access technology, and it is initiated from the mobile terminal Virtual Network-level Protocol. Establishing tunnel connections as well as maintaining them represents basic functionality of the virtual network level (or network level of abstraction).



14.

KEY CONCEPTS OF 5G:



Real wireless world with no more limitation with access and zone issues.



Wearable devices with AI capabilities.



Interne Internett protoc protocol ol versio version n 6 (IPv6 (IPv6), ), where where a visit visiting ing careof careof mobi mo bile le IP addr ad dres essi siss assigned according to location and connected network.



One unified global standard.



Pervasive

networks

providing

ubiquitous

computing:

The

user

cansimultaneously be connected to several wireless access technologies andseamlessly move between them (See Media independent handover orvertical handover, IEEE 802.21, also expected to be provided by future 4Greleases). These access technologies can be a 2.5G, 3G, 4G or 5G mobilenetworks, WiFi, WPAN or any other future access technology. In 5G, theconcept may be further developed into multiple concurrent data transferpaths. 

Cognitive

radio

technology,

Diff Differ eren entradio tradio technologies technol ogies

to

also share

known the

as

same

smartradio: spectrum spect rum

allowing

efficientl effic iently y by

Adaptivelyfinding unused spectrum and adapting the transmission scheme to therequirements .Thisdynamic

of

radio

the

technologies

resource

currently

management

is

sharing achieved

the in

spectrum

adistributed

fashion,and relies on software defined radio. 

High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) systems .The radiointerface of 5G communication systems is suggested in a Korean researchand development program to be based on beam division multiple access(BDM access(BDMA A) and and group coo cooperat erativ ivee rela relay y techniques.



15. Features of 5G Technology 

5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping.



The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it moreattractive and effective.



5G technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fastaction.



The high quality services of 5G technology based on Policy to avoid error.



5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit whichsupporting almost 65,000 connections.



5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleledconsistency.



The traffic statistics by 5G technology makes it more accurate



Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can getbetter and fast solution.



The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5Gtechnology.



The 5G technology is providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed.



The 5G technology also support virtual private network.



The new 5G technology will take all delivery service out of businessprospect



The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology touching thepeak



The 5G technology network offering enhanced and availableconnectivit y just about the world.

Key challenges:

Integration of various standards: Each engineering practice has their own standard (Feks Telecom has 3GPP, 3GPP2, ITU, IETF, etc). To integrate these various standards, requires systematic and time consuming approach. Common Platform: There is no common architecture for interconnecting various engineering practices. One common governing body is required, which creates a common platform for all engineering practices to regularize the interconnectivity issues as well as knowledge sharing



A new revolution of 5G technology is about to begin because 5G technology going to give tough completion to normal computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be effected. There are lots of improvements from 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G to 5G in the world of telecommunications. The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordable rates, high peak future and much reliability than its preceding technologies.

16. 5G Super Core Concept: Existing telecom networks are fashioned in hierarchical way, where subscriber traffic is aggregated at aggregation point(BSC/RNC) and then routed to gateways.(As shown in figure). Flat IP architecture will lessen burden on aggregation pointand traffic will directly move from Base station to Media gateways. When transition from legacy (TDM,ATM) platforms to IP will be concluded (Flat Network concept, described impervious section) a common ALL IP platform will be emerged. Vision of Super Core is based on IP platform. All network operators (GSM,CDMA, Wimax, Wireline) can be connected to one Super core with massive capacity. This is realization of single network infrastructure. The concept of super core will eliminate all interconnecting charges and complexities, which is right now network operator is facing. It will also reduce number of network entities in end to end connection, thus reducing latency considerably.

Researches Researches going on to be implemented in 5G:

1. Researchers are working so that the user use r can simultaneously be connected to several wireless access technologiesand can switch between them. 2. Instead of Internet Protocol version 4(IPv4) it will use IPv6. 3. It would have user centric network concept



17. CONCLUSION

5G technology going to be a new mobile revolution in mobile market. Through 5G technology now you can use worldwide cellular phones and this technology also strike the china mobile market and a user being proficient to get access to Germany phone as a local phone . With the coming out of cell phone alike to PDA now your whole office in your finger tips or in your phone. 5G technology has a bright future because it can handle best technologies and offer priceless handset to their customers. As data traffic has tremendous growth potential, under 4G existing voice centric cent ric telecom hierarchies will be moving flat IP architecture where, base stations sta tions will be directly connected to media gatewa ys.

5G will promote concept of Super Core, where all the network operators will be connected one single core and have one single infrastructure, regardless of their access technologies. 5G will bring evaluation of active infra sharing and managed services and eventually all existing network operators will be MVNOs (Mobile virtual network operators).A newrevolution of 5G technologyis going to give tough completion tonormal computer and laptops whose marketplace market place value will beeffe beeffect cted ed..

The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordablerates, high peak future and much reliability than its precedingtechnologiesThis technology helps to promotes stronger links between peopleworking in different fields creating future concepts of mobilecommunication , internet services cloud computing, all pie network ,and nanotechnology .



18. REFERENCES 1) T o n i J a n e v s k i , 5 G m o b i l e c o n c e p t , ConsumerCommunications and Networking Conference, 2009 6th IEEE. 2) AleksandarTudzarov and Toni JanevskiFunctional 3) Architecture for 5G mobile network International Journal of Advanced Scie Sc ienc ncee andTechno an dTechnology logy Vol. 32, 32, July, July, 2011 2011 4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5g 5) http://freewimaxinfo.com/5g-technology.html. 6) http://www.scribd.com/doc/22050811/5g-Wireless-Architecture-v-1. 7) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G. 8) http://kevin-peter.hubpages.com/hub/3G-and-4G-Mobile-Services. 9) http://www.teknocrat.com/1g-vs-2g-vs-3g-vs-4g-vs-5g-comparisondifferences-and-analysis.html. 10) http://www.ijcaonline.org/volume5/number4/pxc3871282.pdf. 11) http://www.globalreviewchannel.com/forum/3290-G-way.aspx.

5G Mobile Technology (LIJO SANKARATHIL)

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