MINISTRY OF ELECTRICITY AND WATER
Rules and Regulations for the Design of Air-conditioning Systems under Kuwait’s Environmental Conditions
Table of Contents
1.0
Introduction ..…………………………………………………………….………..
1
2.0
Geographical Data ...……………………………………………………….……...
1
3.0
Climatic Data ……....…………………………………………………….……….
1
4.0
Design Conditions ...……………………………..…………………….………….
2
5.0
Noise Level ...…………………………………………………………..………….
5
6.0
Electrical Supply ……………………………………………………….………….
76
7.0
Water Supply ..………………………………………………….……..…………..
7
8.0
Seawater Utilization for Large Cooling Plants Close to the Sea .……….……..…
7
9.0
Protection Against Fire ……………………………………………………………
9
10.0
Safety Regulations ………………………………………………………………...
9
11.0
HVAC Systems ……………………………………………………………………
9
12.0
Accepted Standards ……………………………………………………………….
9
13.0
Building Envelope ………………………………………………………………...
10
14.0
Design Criteria for Air-Cooled Equipment ..……………………………..………
10
List of Tables
1.
Indoor Design Conditions .………………………….……………………………..
2.
Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation for Some of Common Applications:
3
Non-Smoking (Reference: ASHRAE Standard 62-2001) ..………………………
4
3.
Maximum Permissible Noise Ratings …………………………………………….
6
4.
Typical Analytical Data for Fresh and Brackish Water .…..………………………
8
5.
Maximum Allowable Power Rating ……………………………………………… 12
6.
Guidelines for Filter Selection for Some Common Applications (Efficiency in Accordance with to ASHRAE Standard. 52.1) …………………………………...
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Building and Energy Department at the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research would like to express its gratitude to the following people from the Ministry of Electricity and Water for their dedicated support in providing necessary information and eradicating difficulties for the KISR team to complete this report. They are: From the Technical Services Sector: Engr. Abdulhamid Qambar / Director of Design and Supervision Dept. Engr.Nahida Abdulla Dashti / Director of Planning and follow-up Department. Engr. PULLIYATTU CHACKO GEORGE / Chief Specialist Engineer (Mechanical). Engr. Ahmad Al-Sahhaf / Senior HVAC Engineer.
From the Electrical Distribution Network Sector, Electrical Installation Dept.: Engr. Saad Hussain Ali Al-Mishwat / Director of Electrical Installation Dept. Engr. Adel Ahmed Moh’d. Al-Ruwayeh / HVAC Section Head. Engr. Zainab Ahmed Moh’d. Al-Rasheed / Specialist HVAC Engineer.
1. 0
1.1
INTRODUCTION
These regulations are applicable to heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) services for comfort applications in commercial, institutional and residential buildings in the State of Kuwait.
1.2
The regulations do not cover all aspects and details of the HVAC systems. Reference shall be made to other particular specifications, conditions and requirements that should also be fulfilled, and other related publications and codes of practice issued by the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW).
1.3
Compliance with these general rules and regulations is mandatory for approval of HVAC drawings by the MEW.
Where requirements other than those stipulated
hereunder are considered necessary by the HVAC design engineer for any project, the MEW shall be consulted in writing with justification in order to obtain approval of such a design.
2. 0
GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
above ground surface. The maximum recorded wind speed during a storm is 36.0 m/s (118 ft/s). 3.4
Mean temperature at 90 cm below ground surface
Summer: 35ºC
Winter: 20ºC
4. 0
4.1
DESIGN CONDITIONS
Outdoors Summer season (June - September): Based on a frequency of occurrence of 1% for dry-bulb temperatures (DBTs) and 2.5% for wet-bulb temperatures (WBTs), the design conditions are: -
47.4ºC (117.3ºF) DBT and 31.8ºC (89.2ºF) WBT with daily range of 13.3ºC (24.0ºF) for coastal areas (within 2.5 km from the coast)
-
48.0ºC (118.4ºF) DBT and 25.5ºC (77.9ºF) WBT with daily range of 13.3ºC (24.0ºF) for the interior areas (beyond 2.5 km from the coast).
Table 1. Indoor Design Conditions Type of space
Summer
Winter
23.9 ºC (75.0 ºF) & 50% RH
21.1 ºC (70.0 ºF) & 30% RH
23.9 ºC (75.0 ºF) & 50% RH
21.1 ºC (70.0 ºF) & 30% RH
26.7 ºC (80.0 ºF) & 55% RH
21.1 ºC (70.0 ºF) & 30% RH
Residence Office Assembly hall Shop Shopping mall Showroom Hotel Guest room
-
Cafeteria
-
Restaurant
-
Gymnasium
-
Sports hall
-
Swimming pool
-
Kitchen
-
26.7 ºC (80.0 ºF)
Table 2. Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation of Some Common Applications: Non-Smoking (Reference: ASHRAE Standard 62-2001) Application
Occupancy per 100 m
2
Outdoor Air Requirement Occupancy Related CFM/person
l/s/person
Area Related 2
2
CFM/ft
l/s/m
-
-
Residences
Living area
15
7.5
Kitchen*
25 (total)
12 (total)
-
-
Bath/toilet**
20 (total)
10 (total)
-
-
7
20
10
-
-
Reception area
60
15
8
-
-
Conference room
50
20
10
-
-
Classroom
50
15
8
-
-
Laboratory
30
20
10
-
-
Library
20
15
8
-
-
Offices
Office space
Educational buildings
Table 2. Continued Application
Occupancy per 100 m
2
Outdoor Air Requirement Occupancy Related
Area Related
CFM/person
l/s/person
CFM/ft
l/s/m
Garages & Warehouses
Enclosed parking
-
-
-
1.5
7.5
Auto repair room
-
-
-
1.5
7.5
Warehouse
5
-
-
0.05
0.25
Factory
-
-
-
0.10
0.50
150
15
8
-
-
70
25
13
-
-
and deck area)
-
-
-
Gymnasium
30
20
10
100
25
13
Sports & Amusement Areas
Spectator area Game room Swimming pool (pool
Ballroom
0.5 -
2.5 -
Table 3. Maximum Permissible Noise Ratings Room Type
Room Criterion (RC)
General office
40
Conference room
35
Teleconference room
25
Corridor & lobby
45
Individual room/suite
35
Meeting/banquet area
35
Private room in hospital
35
Operating room
35
Ward
40
Auditorium
35
Dramatic arts/theaters
25
Concert/recital hall *
25
Music practice room
35
Testing/research space
55
Voltage (single phase): 230 V + 10 % or -6 %
Frequency: 50 HZ + 4 %
Neutral: solidly earthed
Fault level: 31 MVA at 415 V
Fault operation: 0.15 s
6.2
For more details on electrical power supply requirements, reference should be made to the relevant sections of the recent edition of the MEW Regulations and Codes of Practice.
7.0
7.1
WATER SUPPLY
All information with regard to water supply, consumption, pressure, etc., shall be obtained from the Water Department of the MOE.
7.2
Sufficient water storage for water-cooled A/C plants shall be provided for 24-h operation at full load for use should the main water supply be interrupted.
7.3
Acceptable analytical data for fresh and brackish water are given in Table 4 for
Table 4. Typical Analytical Data for Fresh and Brackish Water Parameter
Fresh Water
Brackish Water
Neutral electrical conductivity at 20 °C µohm
736
6,307
Calculated TDS, ppm
524
4,544
pH
7.5
7.6
Free caustic NaOH, ppm
Nil
Nil
Total caustic NaOH, ppm
Nil
Nil
Total alkalinity (CaCO3), ppm
26
125
Chlorides (Cl), ppm
115
1,020
Sulphates (SO4), ppm
170
1,460
Phosphates (PO4), ppm
0.05
--
Total hardness (CaCO3), ppm
200
1,650
Permanent hardness (CaCO3), ppm
173
1,525
Temporary hardness (CaCO3), ppm
27
125
Free chlorine (Cl2), ppm
2
Free carbon dioxide (CO2), ppm
0.5
Calcium (Ca), ppm
50
Nil 1.02 475
9.0
9.1
PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE
The HVAC system shall be designed and installed with provisions for protection against fire hazards. All information with regard to fire protection must be obtained from the Kuwait Fire Department (KFD) of the Municipality of Kuwait in the preliminary design stage. Also Smoke Management, Item 18, should be used.
10.0
SAFETY REGULATIONS
10.1 The HVAC system and all related mechanical and electrical works shall be designed and installed in accordance with the local and other recognized international safety regulations and/or codes to avoid damage to persons, equipment and/or buildings.
11.0
HVAC SYSTEMS
11.1 It shall be the responsibility of the consultant to design an appropriate HVAC system that will suit the required application. The consultant must consider all technical and economic aspects of the system, its reliability, durability, suitability to the
CIBSE
: Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (UK)
BSI
:
BRI
: British Research Institute
ASME
: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ARI
: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (USA)
ASTM
: American Society for Testing and Materials
AWS
: American Welding Society
ISO
: International Standards Organization
UL
: Underwriter Laboratories (USA)
CTI
: Cooling Towers Institute (USA)
NFPA
: National Fire Protection Association
British Standards Institute
12.2 Other international standards may be considered provided they meet with the minimum set in the above listed standards.
13.0
BUILDING ENVELOPE
15.2 For interior areas:
The cooling tower shall be selected to give the required
performance when the ambient WBT is 29.4 ºC (85 ºF) with a cold-water temperature of 32.2 ºC (90 ºF) and a hot water temperature of 37.8 ºC (100 ºF). For coastal areas, the capacity shall be increased by 15% to compensate for the higher WBT.
The
cooling tower fan shall be provided with a variable frequency drive (VFD) for energy and water conservation and its water flow rate shall not be less than 4.64 l/s/kW (55 USGPM/HP) for a cooling tower capacity of up to 499 RT and 6.76 l/s/kW (80 USGPM/HP) for capacities of 500 RT and above. 15.3 Generally, for small- and medium-sized A/C plants, the chilled water outlet and inlet temperatures from and to the cooling machine shall be 6.7 and 12.2 ºC (44 and 54 ºF), respectively. However, for large complexes and district cooling systems, lower supply temperatures and higher differentials may be considered to a chieve economical design. 15.4 For water-cooled A/C plants, using seawater for condenser cooling, the peak seawater temperature shall be considered as 35 ºC (95 ºF). The exact seawater temperatures at each site shall, nonetheless, be determined. 15.5 Fouling factors for water-cooled condensers shall be 0.00013 m 2 ºK/W (0.00075 ft2hrºF/Btu), and for evaporators the same shall be 0.00004 m 2 ºK/W(0.00025
Table 5. Maximum Allowable Power Rating for Different Air-conditioning Systems A/C System Type
Power Rating (kW/RT) RT
Chiller
Total
Packaged and ducted splits
All
--
1.70
Air-cooled
All
1.60
2.00
<250
0.95
1.50
250-500
0.75
1.30
>500
0.70
1.25
Water-cooled
A/C = air-conditioning.
18.0
SMOKE MANAGEMENT
18.1 The engineer shall ensure compliance with NFPA 90A & B, BS 5588, BRI specifications, and KFD regulations. All designs shall be approved by the KFD. The designer shall provide (where applicable) the following.
for hood exhaust may require more ventilation.
The sum of the outdoor air and
transfer air of an acceptable quality from adjacent spaces shall be sufficient to provide an exhaust rate of not less than 7.5 l/s/m2 (1.5 cfm/ft2). This is to be considered a minimum rate. However, if this rate is less than that specified in the 2003 or later editions of Chapter 31 of the ASHRAE Application Handbook, the higher value shall be taken as the final design rate, in which cas e, additional outdoor air shall be required to compensate for the exhaust from the kitchen hood. 19.3 For energy-efficient design, a minimum quantity of air-conditioned outdoor air shall be used. In other words, the kitchen hood exhaust air quantity shall be an optimum combination of supply air (treated outdoor air dedicated to the comfort conditioning of the space), transfer air (treated air transferred from adjacent areas) and makeup air (outdoor air supplied to the hood directly). During summer when the outdoor air temperature is high, causing discomfort for cooks, consider cooling the air to 26 ºC (79 ºF), and supplying it via air curtains built into the hood or diffusers located at the hood’s perimeter. Ensure that air terminal velocities and air throw direction do not entrain or diffuse cooking fumes into the space. Velocities at the diffuser face in excess of 1.5 m/s (300 ft/min) should be avoided. As the winter is not severe in
entitled “Building Air Intake and Exhaust Design” or as agreed upon by the Environment Public Authority (EPA) in Kuwait and other authorities having jurisdiction.
20.0
FILTERS
20.1 Provision of suitable filters is required to ensure adequate indoor air quality. The general guidelines for filter selection are shown in Table 6.
21.0
TRADE NAMES
21.1 The consultant shall avoid specifying any trade names in the tender documents for requirements and/or materials. Sufficient technical description shall be provided in the specifications to cover the required items. 21.2 The consultant shall avoid in his design scheme and in the tender documents any equipment, that is limited to a single manufacturer in order to obtain competitive prices.
Table 6.
Guidelines for Filter Selection for Some Common Applications (Efficiency in Accordance with to ASHRAE Standard. 52.1)*
Application Arrestance
Pre-Filter Dust Spot Type of Filter Efficiency and Material
Residential (Minimum filtration)
Better residential, commercial buildings, industrial workplaces
N/A
N/A
None
70-80% (>10 µm particle size)
< 20%
Washable aluminum mesh Throwaway disposable fibre glass Washable aluminum mesh Throwaway disposable fibre glass Washable aluminum mesh Throwaway disposable fibre glass Washable aluminum mesh Throwaway disposable fibre glass
Superior residential Better commercial Hospital laboratories
70-80% (>10 µm particle size)
< 20%
Superior commercial buildings Hospital inpatient care General surgery
70-80% (>10 µm particle size)
< 20%
Clean rooms Pharmaceutical manufacturing Orthopedic surgery
70-80% (> 10 µm particle size)
< 20%
Arrestance
70-80% (>10 µm particle size) >90% (3-10 µm particle size)
> 95% (1-3 µm particle size)
Pre-Filter/ Filter Final Filter Dust Spot Type of Filter and DOP Efficiency Type of Filter Efficiency Material and Material Washable aluminum mesh Less than Disposable fiberglass 20% N/A None
25-35%
40-75%
> 98% (0.3 – 1.0 µm particle 80-95% size)
> 98% (0.3 – 1.0 µm particle 80-95% size)
Pleated filters (25-125 mm (1-5 in) thick cotton polyester media) Cartridge synthetic media N/A Disposal synthetic media Bag filters with microfine-fibre-glass or synthetic media, 300-900 N/A mm (12-36 in) deep box filters 150-300 mm (6-12 in) deep paper media Bag filters with microfine fiberglass or synthetic media, 300-900 mm (12-36 in) deep box N/A filters 150-300 mm (6-12 in) deep paper media Bag filters with micro- >99. 97 fine fiberglass or 99.999% synthetic media, 300-900 efficiency mm (12-36 in) deep box < 0. 3 µm filters 150-300 mm (6-12 particle size in) deep paper media
N/A= Not applicable, DOP= Dioctphthalate HEPA= High-efficiency particulate air; ULPA= Ultra-low penetration air * For more information refer to the ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook.
15
None
None
None
HEPA and ULPA filters
