UNIT TEKNOLOGI KIMPALAN JABATAN JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL & PEMBUATAN PEMBUATAN KOLEJ VOKASIONAL LIKAS PETI SURAT 10821 88809 KOTA KINABALU SABAH
KERTAS PENERANGAN (INFORMATION SHEET) KOD NAMA DAN PROGRAM / PROGRAM CODE AND NAME
TEKNOLOGI KIMP KIM PALAN
TAHAP / LEVEL
TAHAP 3
NO. DAN TAJUK MODUL/ MODULE NO. AND TITLE
MTK 022 ! MAINTAIN FA"ILITIES# FA"ILITIES# "ONSUMABLES & E$UIPMENT
NO DAN PERN%ATAAN PERN%ATAAN TUGASAN TASK(S) NO. AND STA STATEMENT OBJEKTIF PEN"APAIAN AKHIRAN / TERMINAL PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE
NO. KOD / CODE NO.
M2 K1 ENSURE MASTER TEST INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
Ensure master test instrument cai!rati"n i#enti$%in& an# seectin& instrument $"r cai!rati"n'
MTK 5022 / M2 / K1
Mu(a ) *1 +r, ) *-
Kertas ,eneran&an ini !ertu.uan untu( menam!a/(an (ema/iran #an (e$a/aman #i #aam #aam asas asas #an amaan amaan (ete,at (ete,atan an ,en&u( ,en&u(uran uran #imensi #imensi #an ,enentu( ,enentu(ura uran n (e,a#a (e,a#a ,eserta terutaman%a terutaman%a .urute(ni(0 .urutera0 ,en&urus #an "ran& ain %an& teri!at #en&an .aminan (uaiti (uaiti meaui meaui (aaan (aaan #imensi' #imensi'
1.0 PENGENALAN
,enentu(uran memain(an ,eranan ,entin& #aam (aaan (uaiti #an .aminan ,r"#u( #i #aam ,enin&(atan ,ersain&an in#ustr% ,em!uatan !a&i memenu/i ,ermintaan ,en&&una masa (ini' Pen&eta/uan tentan& ,en&u(uran #imensi #an ,enentu(uran !a&i ,en&u(uran ,eraatan a#aa/ ,eru untu( memasti(an #an men&e(a(an (uaiti ,r"#u('
2.0 APA ITU "ALIBRATION (TENTUKURAN) "'*+,- (P--*-) a#aa/ ,r"ses mem!an#in&(an #an mem!etu(an (euaran sesuatu instrumen #en&an niai ,iaai' "'+*+,- (P--*-) .u&a suatu ,r"ses ,em!an#in&an antara niai (euaran ,eraatan %an& /en#a( #iu.i #en&an ,eraatan %an& tea/ #i(eta/ui (ete,atann%a men&&una(an niai masu(an %an& sama #i!e(a(an (e,a#a (e#ua#ua ,eraatan terse!ut' Pr"se#ur ini #ia(u(an untu( .uat masu(an %an& menca(u,i semua .uat u(uran %an& !"e/ #iu(ur "e/ ,eraatan ter!a!it' K-*+-- --*-3
Men.amin mutu0 #aam ,en&ertian setia, ,r"#u( memeru(an !u(ti !a/aa /asi u(ur tea/ mam,u teusur 4tracea!e5 ,a#a stan#ar# (e!an&saan mau,un antara!an&sa' Ti#a( ter#a,at cacat6(esaa/an /asi ,en&u(uran' Men.amin Ke,entin&an Keseamatan Manusia' Men.amin Kea#aan aat ,en&u(uran teta, ter.a&a sesuai s,esi$i(asin%a'
4.0 PROSES PENENTUKURAN
Semasa ,r"ses ,enentu(uran0 ,eraatan a(an #iu.i #en&an men&uan&i ,r"ses ,er!an#in&an untu( semua .uat %an& !"e/ #iu(urn%a'A,a %an& ,ain& ,entin& iaa/ se(iran%a !era(u (er"sa(an (e,a#a sese!ua/ ,eraatan %an& se#an& #i&una(an untu( (er.a(er.a ,en&u(uran0 ,eraatan ,iaai ini sama se(ai ti#a( !"e/ #i.a#i(an se!a&ai ,eraatan ,en&&anti' Peraatan %an& #i(/as(an untu( (er.a ,enentu(uran ,eru #iasin&(an #ari,a#a ,eraatan %an& ain'Penentuan $re(uensi ,enentu(uran !er&antun& (e,a#a !e!era,a $a(t"r'7i(a ,eraatan #i,eru(an untu( men&u(ur (uantiti tertentu %an& mem,un%ai (ete,atan 8290 ma(a ,en&uran&an ,ea(sanaan tertentu !"e/ #i!enar(an se(iran%a (ete,atan (eti(a ,en&uan&an tentu(ur iaa/ 819'A,a %an& ,entin& iaa/ !entu( ,en&uran&an ,ea(sanaan mestia/ #a,at #in%ata(an #en&an .eas' Pen&uan&an ,enentu(uran !"e/ #ia(u(an se!eum (ete,atan ,eraatan men.a#i sema(in (uran& #i!a/a&i(an #en&an /a# ,en&&unaann%a' Tin#a(an %an& sesuai /en#a(a/ #i(ena,asti !a&i memasti(an an&(a/an&(a/ %an& ,eru #iam!i a,a!ia ter#a,at ,eraatan %an& ter(euar #ari #ari,a#a s,esi$i(asi %an& se!enar'
C"nt"/n%a .i(a masu(an %an& sama #i!eri(an #an #i#a,ati (euaran%a !er!e:a #ari,a#a tentu(uran ,eraatan0 tin#a(an %an& ,eru #iam!i !er&antun& (e,a#a .uma/ ,er!e:aan #an .enis ,eraatan %an& teri!at'+aam (e!an%a(an (es0 ,er!e:aan %an& se#i(it !"e/ #i,er!etu(an #en&an mem!uat se#i(it ,en&u!a/suaian ,a#a ,eraatan' ;re(uansi tentu(uran #an .u&a ,r"ses ,enetu(uran %an& #i.aan(an ,eru #i(a.i #ari masa (e semasa a&ar (uaitin%e #a,at #i,ertin&(at(an' Per(ara %an& utama %an& ,eru #i,eri(sa ra,i semasa ,en&uan&an ,enentu(uran ini iaa/ sama a#a .ara( masa ,enentu(uran terse!ut masi/ !ersesuaian'Catatan se.ara/ ,enentu(uran sese!ua/ ,eraatan a(an men.a#i ru.u(an utama a,a!ia ,en&uan&an ,enentu(uran #i!uat' Se.ara/ ini mem!"e/(an sese"ran& men&eta/ui .i(a ,eraatan terse!ut ter(euar #ari tentu(uran se!enar #aam .an&(amasa %an& !e&itu ce,at0 sama a#a #ise!a!(an "e/ $a(t"r usia ,eraatan atau,un ,eru!a/an ",erasi ,erse(itaran'Kea#aan atau cara ,en&&uanaan ,eraatan .u&a mun&(in !eru!a/ men&i(ut (ea#aan'Setia, s%ari(at a#aa/ ,eru memii/ satu !a/a&ian atau !a#an tentu(ur %an& !er(emam,uan untu( menentu(ur ,eraatan !er#asar(an sta#ar#6,iaai nasi"na #an antara!an&sa' Ke&a&aan !er!uat #emi(ian0 mem!"e/(an ,r"#u( %an& #i/asi(an ti#a( !er(uaiti #an ti#a( men&i(ut stan#ar#'Ia !er$un&si men%enarai(an se.uma/ !esar ,eraatan %an& /en#a( #ia(u(an ,enentu(uran0 meran&(umi se!ua/ s%ari(at %an& !esar' 5.0 RALAT
Raat #ita(ri$(an se!a&ai ,er!e:aan antara !acaan %an& #i!eri(an "e/ instrumen6meter #i!an#in&(an #en&an niai se!enar ,arameter %an& #iu(ur' Raat ter.a#i a(i!at #ari,a#a !e!era,a se!a! #an !"e/ #i(ate&"ri(an (e,a#a 3 iaitu raat ,en&&una 4raat (asar50 raat sistemati( #an raat raa( .
5.1 JENIS!JENIS RALAT
<'1'1 Raat Kasar6Pen&&una Raat (asar !iasan%a #ise!a!(an "e/ manusia6,en&&una sen#iri (erana (esia,an memii/ instrumen %an& ti#a( sesuai0 saa/ men&am!i !acaan0 saa/ men&en#ai(an instrumen0 teru,a set :er"0 (esan !e!an #iu,a(an #'Raat ini !"e/ #i(uran&(an #an #i/a,us(an #en&an mem!eri ,er/atian %an& se,enu/n%a semasa mem!uat ,emii/an instrumen ,en&u(uran0 semasa mem!uat ,en&u(uran #an (iraan' Ber.a&a.a&a #en&an /a# (eu,a%aan instrumen0 am!i !acaan se(uran&(uran&n%a 3 (ai untu( men&ea((an raat (asar0 mem!aca manua instrumen0 !aca ,enun.u( #en&an te,at0 tia#a :er" "$$set #an raat ,araa='
<'1'2 Raat Sistemati( Raat sistemati( a(an !eruan& .i(a !e!era,a ,en&u(uran #ia(u(an #aam (ea#aan #an men&&una(an instrumen %an& sama' Raat sistemati( !"e/ #ise!a!(an "e/ 2 ,unca utama iaitu ) a' raat instrumen !' raat se(itaran' a'Raat instrument Raat instrument ter.a#i a(i!at (eti#a( sem,urnaan instrumen itu sen#iri se,erti (esan #ari &eseran ,enun.u(0 ("m,"nen ti#a( inear0 raat tentu(uran aat0 aat r"sa(' Raat !"e/ #itentu(an #en&an mem!an#in&(an !acaan %an& #i!eri(an #en&an niai ,iaai #an !"e/ tentu(an sama#a raat a#aa/ teta, atau !er(a#aran' Raat instrumen !"e/ #i(uran&(an #en&an mea(u(an ,enentu(uran aat0 #a,at(an $a(t"r ,em!etuan #ari,a#a raat %an& #i#a,ati0 a(u(an e!i/ #ari satu cara ,en&u(uran' See"(e"(n%a seau a(u(an ,emeri(saan aatan untu( memasti(an !acaan a#aa/ te,at se,erti %an& #i(e/en#a(i' !' Raat Se(itaran Raat se(itaran a#aa/ a(i!at #ari ,en&aru/ (ea#aan se(itaran se,erti su/u0 (eem!a,an0 me#an ma&net0 ee(tri(6ee(tr"stati(' Untu( men&ea((an !era(un%a raat .enis ini a(u(an e(s,erimen6tem,at(an instrumen ,a#a su/u6(eem!a,an se(itaran %an& #i!enar(an0 /in#ar(an #ari (esan me#an ma&net #' See"(n%a &una(an instrumen %an& ta/an ter/a#a, ,eru!a/an (ea#aan se(itaran6ta/an asa('
<'1'3 Raat Raa( Raat %an& seain #ari raat (asar6,en&&una #an sistemati( %an& tea/ #i,ertim!an&(an #aam ,en&u(uran' Raat raa( !"e/ #i(ena,asti .i(a !acaan !eru!a/ #en&an ti#a( menentu0 aau,un ,en&u(uran #ia(u(an !eruan&(ai' Raat .enis ini ti#a( #i(eta/ui ,uncan%a #an seaun%a (uran& #iam!i (ira meain(an ,en&u(uran memeru(an (e.ituan %an& tin&&i' Anaisis secara statisti( ter/a#a, #ata %an& #i,er"e/i !"e/ #ia(u(an untu( mei/at (ete,atan ,en&u(uran0 #en&an men#a,at(an min #an sisi/an ,iaain%a
.0 KERJA!KERJA SELEPAS PENGUKURAN3
Pr"ses ,en&u(uran ti#a( en&(a, se,enu/n%a .i(a /an%a #ata ,en&u(uran #iam!i'
+ata mesti #ianaisis0 secara matemati(6statisti( #an (e,utusan mesti #ia,ur(an #en&an en&(a, #an te,at' S67 6--'+- ,77 -- '3
1' Kuaiti) ,asti(an aatan %an& #i,ii/ a#aa/ %an& ter!ai(0 (e#u#u(an ,en&am!ian #ata sesuai0 !ian&an ,en&u(uran %an& #iam!i mencu(u,i #an a#a(a/ /asi %an& #iam!i !"e/ #i,erca%ai' 2' Utama(an (eseamatan) (esan (e.utan ee(tri(0 (esan !e!an !ere!i/an0 /a# aatan0 !aca manua aatan' 3' Pensam,ean) i/at ,eru!a/an ,arameter semasa ,en&u(uran0 niai mana %an& ,eru #i,ii/ !ia ,arameter sentiasa !eru!a/0 am!i !ian&an sam,e %an& mencu(u,i #an ,asti(an ,era(ian sam,e !"e/ #iterima #an #ia(ui' S'6 6'- ,77 -- 7 +-'7*+3
1' Tatacara6(ae#a/ ,en&u(uran) Kena,asti a,a ,arameter %an& /en#a( #iu(ur0 !a&aimana cara ter!ai(0 !era,a !an%a( ,en&u(uran ,eru #i!uat #an !a&aimana untu( mere("#(an /asi ,en&u(uran' 2' Ciri6si$at ,arameter) /arus ta/u ,arameter %an& #iu(ur ac atau #c0 $re(uensi # 3' Kuaiti) masa #an ("s #i,eruntu((an0 (eu,a%aan aatan0 ,en&eta/uan ,en&u(uran0 /asi6(e,utusan ,en&u(uran %an& sesuai' <' Instrument) ,ii/ aat %an& sesuai sama#a meter ana"&6#i&ita6"sc6c"unter #0 ,eru ,en&eta/uan #an ,en&aaman men&en#ai(an aatan'
"ONTOH!"ONTOH BORANG KALIBRASI P*-: L'
''- T-*-
J' 67 P'*-
J' T-* P'*-
B,- S-+ P'*- D+T-*
KAITAN PIA;AIAN DAN KALIBRASI SERTA KUALITI
Istia/ K'+*+ #i&una(an untu( mem!eri ma(na !a/aa sesuatu ,r"#u( itu a#a(a/ sesuai untu( tu.uan ian%a #i!uat atau memenu/i (e,eruan' S+7*6 '+*+ iaa/ suatu sistem %an& memasti(an su,a%a sese!ua/ s%ari(at itu men&/asi(an ,r"#u( %an& !er(uaiti'ta(ri$ +<+ ,a#a (uaaiti iaa/ suatu si$at atau ciriciri men%euru/ !a&i sesuatu ,r"#u( atau ,er(/i#matan %an& mem,un%ai (e!"e/an untu( memenu/i (e,eruan %an& #in%ata(an'Untu( mem,un%ai suatu 7+7*6 '+*+ 0sese!ua/ s%ari(at ,eru mea(sana(an (aaan (e atas sistem ,en&u(urann%a'C"nt"/n%a 0untu( men&/asi(an suatu ,r"#u( %an& ,an.an&n%a memenu/i s,esi$i(asi %an& #iteta,(an0sistem ,en&u(uran %an& #i&una(an untu( men&u(ur ,an.an& itu mestia/ memenu/i (e.ituan %an& #i(e/en#a(i #aam s,esi$i(asi terse!ut'7a#i s%ari(at %an& /en#a( men&/asi(an ,r"#u( %an& memenu/i niai ,iaaian mestia/ men%e#ia(an men&aa0 6--*('+7+) #an men%een&&ara ,emeeri(saan ,emeri(saan 0,eraatan ,en&u(uran #an ,en&u.ian %an& sesuai untu( menun.u((an !a/aa ,restasi ,r"#u( itu memenu/i (e,eruan %an& #itentu(an' Penentuan Kauaiti terse!ut #ia(u(an neru.u( (e,a#a sutau ,iaaian tertentu'Antara institusi ,iaaian %an& men.a#i ru.u(an antara!an&sa iaa/> 1' Britis/ Stan#ara# Institutian 2' Internati"na Eectr"tec/nica C"mmisi"n4IEC5 3' Internati"na Or&anisati"n ;"r Stan#ar#i:ati"n4ISO5 Penentuan (auaiti a#aa/ sera&am #iseuru/ #unia #en&an !er,an#u(an (e,a#a Piaaian Britis/ BS-?-* #an Piaaian Antara!an&sa ISO @**1'Piaaian ini men%aran(an (ae#a/ %an& mesti #ii(uti a,a!ia memii/0men&&una0menentu(ur4(ai!rasi5 0men&aa #an men%enen&&ara ,iaaian ,en&u(uran #an ,eraatan ,en&u(uran'Antaran%a iaa/) 4a5 S%ari(at mestia/ men&a#a(an #an meen&&ara(an suatu sistem %an& !er(esan !a&i men&aa #an menetu(ur ,iaaian ,en&u(uran #an ,eraatan ,en&u(uran'Ini mei!at(an ,r"ses ,enentu(uran #aam s%arai(at itu #an ,en&&unaan (/i#mat tentuu(uran' 4!5 Semua (a(itan&an %an& teri!at #aam ,enentu(uran mestia/ tea/ men.aani ati/an %an& mencu(u,i' 4c5 sistem ,enentu(uran %an& #i&una(an mestia/ #i,eri(sa #ari semasa (e semasa #en&an !ersistemmati( untu( memasti(an !a/aa sistem itu terus !er$un&si #en&an !er(esan' 4#5Semua ,en&u(uran0samaa#a untu( ,r"ses ,enentu(uran atau ,en&u(uran ,r"#u(0mestia/ men&am!i (ira semua raat #an (eta(,astian %an& teri!at #aam ,r"ses ,en&u(uran'
4e5Kae#a/ %an& #i&una(an !a&i ,enentu(uran mestia/ #i#"(umen(an' 4$5Re("# ,enentu(uran %an& !erasin&an mestia #isim,an !a&i setia, instrumen ,en&u(uran0Re("# %an& men&an#un&i ,eneran&an men&enai instrumen itu #an n"m!"r ru.u(ann%a0tari(/ ,enentu(uran 0/asi ,enentu(uran0(e(era,an instrumen itu mesti #itentuu(ur(an #an (emeun&(inan #iserta(an .u&a (aea#a/ ter,erinci ,enentu(uran %an& #i&una(an0ma(umat !ai( ,ui/ atau ,en&u!a/suain %an& tea/ #ia(u(an (eatas instrumen itu #an !atas!atas ,en&&unaan' Penentu(uran mestia/ #ia(u(an men&&una(an ,eraatan %an& #a,at #i.e.a( (e,a#a ,iaaian antara!an&sa'
K+*- +<+- - '+7+ 7* '+*+ P+<+- itu mun&(in !eru,a(an suatu ssistem ,en&u(uran ain %an& #isim,an (/ususn%a !a&i tu.uan tentu(uran atau suatu cara untu( mena(ri$(an niai ,iaai'Seten&a/ s%ari(at ,er(ian&an a#a men%im,an !e!era,a instrument #an ,eraatan tertentu0c"nt"/n%a ,erintan& #an se ,iaaian #aam .a!atan ,iaaian s%ari(at itu #an #i&una(an (/usus untu( tu.uan tentu(uran4(ai!rasi5
K- ' 6-'-+ T-*-
Penentu(uran ,eraatan mestia/ #iuan&i #aam .an&(a masa %an& #iteta,(an (erana ciriciri setia, ,eraatan itu a(an !eru!a/ setaa/ !e!era,a ama #i&una(an' Peru!a/an ciriciri ,a#a ,eraatan ini a#aa/ #ise!a!(an "e/ $act"r$a(t"r se,erti &eseran0 ("t"ran0 /a!u(0 asa, #an !a/an (imia'Ma&nitu# ,eru!a/an ciriciri ,eraatan !er&antun& (e,a#a (e(era,an ,eraatan ter!a!it #i&una(an'Secara rin&(asn%e !"e/ #i(ata(an !a/aa ,eru!a/an ciriciri ,a#a ,eraatan ,asti !era(u #an (a#ar ,eru!a/ann%a ter/a#a, masa a#aa/ !er&antun& (e,a#a .enis ,eraatan %an& #i&una(an0 (e(era,an ,en&&unaan #an (ea#aan ,erse(itaran'
I-7*6-* =- ' +'+7+
Ia mei,uti semua ,eraatan %an& mei!at(an ,emeri(saan0 ,en&u.ian0 #an ,en&u(uran se,erti mutimeter0 "scis"c",e #an ainain a&i'
K- ' T-*-
Memasti(an semua ,eraatan ,emeri(saan0 ,en&u.ian0 ,en&u(uran atau su(atan samaa#a #aam !entu( ee(tri(a atau,un me(ani(a sentiasa !er(ete,atan #an !er(e.ituan se,ertimana %an& #iteta,(an serta (e!"e/(esanan (e,a#a stan#ar# nasi"na atau antara!an&sa'
K- --*-
Ke(era,an ,enentu(uran ,eru #ia(u(an !er&antun& (e,a#a (e,eruan #an ,en&&unaann%a'
S' 67 K'+7+ S' 67 K'+7+
1' K'+7+ /arus #ia(u(an secara !er(aa 2' Sean& a(tu (ai!rasi #i,en&aru/i "e/ .enis aat u(ur0 $re(uensi ,ema(aian0 #an ,emei/araan' 3' B"e/ #in%ata(an #aam !e!era,a cara ) +en&an a(tu (aen#er 41 ta/un se(ai0 #st5 +en&an a(tu ,ema(aian 41'*** .am ,a(ai0 #st5 K"m!inasi cara ,ertama #an (e#ua0 t&t mana %& e!i/ #uu terca,ai Su/u #an (eem!a!an seau #i(aa Gan&&uan $a(t"r uaran seau #i(uran&(an sum!er (eti#a(,astian ,en&u(uran'
K+- '+7+ K+- '+7+ ' 7+ +* 3
untu( 6-=,,- :6+-- 6* %an& #isera,(an #i !er!a&ai in#ustri ,a#a ,eraatan ma(ma #an ,en&euaran %an& #imii(i' +en&an mea(u(an '+7+0 B"e/ +*+ >- -+'+ -- 7- 77* '* =- + -- -+'+- +<+- '
K'+7+
Pen&ertian '+7+ menurut ISO a#aa/ sesuatu opeas! "a#a$ %ea"aa& tertentu %an& 'etuua& u&tu% $e&e&tu%a& u'u&*a& a&taa &!#a!+&!#a! ,a&* "!tu&u%%a& o#e a#at u%u atau s!ste$ pe&*u%ua& atau &!#a! ,a&* "!tu&u%%a& !&stu$e& u%u "e&*a& &!#a! pe&*u%ua& ,a&* te#a "!%etau!. P-*+- '+7+ 6-* ISO/IE" G+ 1?023200 - V,@'= , I-*-*+,-' M*,',= (VIM) a#aa/ ,r"ses %an& #ia(u(an untu( mem!entu( /u!un&an antara niai %an& #itun.u((an "e/ instrumen u(ur atau sistem ,en&u(uran0 atau niai %an& #ia(ii "e/ !a/an u(ur0 #en&an niainiai %an& su#a/ #i(eta/ui %an& !er(aitan #ari !esaran %an& #iu(ur #aam Kea#aan tertentu' +en&an (ata ain0 '+7+ a#aa/ (e&iatan untu( menentu(an Kesa/i/an se!enar niai ,enun.u((an aat u(ur #an !a/an u(ur #en&an cara mem!an#in&(an ter/a#a, stan#ar# u(ur %an& mam,uteusur 4tracea!e5 (e stan#ar# nasi"na untu( satuan u(uran #an6atau antara!an&sa'
Tu.uan '+7+ a#aa/ untu( menca,ai (e.ituan ,en&u(uran' Hasi ,en&u(uran #a,at #i(ait(an sam,ai (e stan#ar# %an& e!i/ tin&&i6teiti 4stan#ar# utama (e!an&saan #an 6 antar!an&sa50 meaui ran&(aian ,er!an#in&an %an& ta( ter,utus'
