by Andrew D. Miles Mile s Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
500 Spanish Business Verbs Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, Barcelona, 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this pu blication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form withou t written authorization from the author. Cover photograph by Andrew D. Miles www.englishforbusiness.es Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
acusar recibo acknowledge
A
receipt.
adelantar 1. advance 2. bring forward, put forward.
abandonar abandon, waive. abaratar lower a price, cheapen. abastecer supply.
adeudar 1. owe 2. charge, debit, make a debit entry. adicionar add. adiestrar train.
abonar 1. i.v. subscribe 2. t.v. make a credit entry, credit 3. t.v. pay.
abrir open.
adjudicar 1. award 2. allot, assign, adjudicate.
adjuntar attach, enclose.
abrir crédito open credit.
administrar manage, administrate,
abrir libros open books.
administer, direct, run.
abrir una cuenta open an account.
adquirir acquire.
absorber absorb, take over.
afectar 1. allocate, assign 2. affect,
acaparar hoard, monopolize (AmE),
encumber.
monopolise (BrE), corner.
afianzar secure, guarantee.
aceptar accept.
afiliar 1. t.v. affiliate 2. t.v. name as a
aconsejar advise.
member or affiliate 3. i.v. become a member or affiliate.
acopiar hoard, stockpile.
aflorar register in books items that
acrecentar increase.
were previously concealed, launder.
acreditar 1. credit, make a credit
aforar appraise, value, assess.
entry 2. authorize (AmE), authorise (BrE), grant credentials.
activar carry forward as an asset. actualizar 1. update, bring up to date 2. revalue, revaluate, restate, write up 3. modernize (AmE), modernise (BrE), update 4. readjust values according to the rate of inflation.
acumular 1. accrue 2. accumulate. acuñar mint.
agotar 1. deplete, use up, finish off 2.
sell out.
agremiar 1. t.v. unionise (BrE), unionize (AmE), join 2. p.v.
a union or syndicate start a union or syndicate.
ahorrar save, economize (AmE), economise (BrE).
ajustar 1. adjust 2. settle. almacenar store, stock. alquilar 1. hire, rent 2. let, lease, rent,
acusar 1. accuse 2. acknowledge.
rent out.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
alzar rise, increase.
apropiar appropriate.
amalgamar merge, amalgamate.
aprovisionar supply, provision, stock.
amortizar 1. depreciate 2. pay, pay
apuntar note down, write down,
in instalments, amortize (AmE), amortise (BrE) 3. write off 4. redeem 5. recover an investment.
enter.
ampliar enlarge, extend.
arquear control, count, audit.
ampliar el capital increase capital.
arrastrar carry over.
ampliar el plazo extend the term.
arrendar 1. hire, rent 2. let, lease,
archivar file, archive.
rent, rent out.
analizar analyse. anexar attach, annex, incorporate,
arriesgar risk.
add.
asalariar include in the payroll.
anotar note down, take note, write
ascender 1. i.v. be promoted
down, enter.
2. t.v.
antedatar date back, backdate,
asegurar insure, underwrite.
antedate.
promote.
asentar post, register, enter,
anticipar advance. anticipar pagos advance payments.
journalize (AmE), journalise (BrE), record, make an entry, enter into books.
asesorar counsel, advise.
anticuar age. anualizar annualise (BrE), annualize (AmE).
anular cancel, void, annul, nullify. anunciar 1. announce 2. advertise.
asignar 1. appropriate, allocate, allot, apportion 2. assign 3. appoint.
asistir 1. attend 2. assist, help. asociar 1. t.v. associate, make
apelar appeal.
someone a member 2. p.v. join, become a member.
aplazar defer, postpone, adjourn.
atracar berth.
aplicar 1. apply 2. appropriate,
atrasar 1. i.v. fall behind, be late in
allocate.
paying 2. t.v. delay, postpone.
aportar contribute.
auditar audit
apoyar support, back up.
aumentar 1. t.v. increase, raise
apreciar 1. appreciate, increase in
2. i.v.
rise.
price or value 2. appraise.
auspiciar sponsor.
aprobar 1. approve 2. pass.
autenticar authenticate, attest.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
autentificar authenticate, attest.
calcular calculate, compute.
automatizar automate.
calificar 1. rate 2. mark.
autorizar authorize (AmE),
cambiar change, exchange.
authorise (BrE).
avalar endorse, guarantee, warrant. avalorar appraise, assess, value. avaluar appraise, assess, value.
canalizar channel. cancelar 1. cancel, settle, honour (BrE),
honor (AmE), pay off 2. write off.
canibalizar cannibalize (AmE), cannibalise (BrE).
avisar advise, notify.
canjear 1. barter, exchange
ayudar help, aid.
2.
redeem, convert.
capacitar train.
B
capitalizar capitalize (AmE),
bajar 1. t.v. decrease, lower 2. i.v. go
captar clientes obtain clients, gain
down, decrease, diminish.
clients.
balancear 1. balance 2. offset.
captar fondos raise funds.
bancarizar convert a cash-based
cargar 1. charge, debit 2. load.
capitalise (BrE), fund, convert into capital.
payment and collection system into a bank-based system.
catalog (AmE).
beneficiar benefit. blanquear launder assets, reveal concealed assets.
bloquear 1. block, freeze 2.
catalogar catalogue (BrE),
blockade.
caucionar pledge, bond, place a bond.
centralizar centralize (AmE), centralise (BrE).
certificar certify, attest.
boicotear boycott. bonificar 1. pay a subsidy 2. give a discount 3. pay a bonus.
cesar 1. i.v. stop 2. t.v. suspend from job, dismiss.
chatear chat.
borrar erase, delete.
cifrar encrypt, encode. citar 1. make an appointment
C
2.
summon.
clasificar classify, rank. caducar lapse, mature, expire.
clausurar close.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
coadministrar co-manage, manage jointly.
confiscar confiscate, seize, attach.
coasegurar co-insure. cobrar 1. collect, cash, cash in 2.
condonar condone.
charge.
codificar 1. codify, code 2. encrypt, code.
conformar conform. congelar freeze. consignar consign. consolidar consolidate, combine,
cogenerar co-generate.
merge.
cogestionar manage jointly, co-
constituir constitute, incorporate, set
manage.
up, form.
coinvertir co-invest, invest jointly.
consumir consume.
colocar invest, collocate, place.
contabilizar 1. enter into accounts,
combinar combine, compound.
record in accountancy books 2. count.
comercializar market,
contaminar pollute.
commercialize (AmE), commercialise (BrE).
contar count.
comerciar trade, deal, do business.
contrabandear smuggle.
comisar confiscate
contraer contract, shrink.
comisionar commission.
contraofertar counterbid.
compactar compact.
contratar contract, hire, recruit, take
compaginar lay out, arrange.
on.
compensar 1. compensate,
contribuir contribute.
indemnify 2. compensate, offset.
controlar control.
competir compete.
convenir agree.
componer 1. compose 2. compound comprar buy, purchase.
convertir convert. convocar summon, call, call a
comprimir 1. compress 2. zip.
meeting, demonstration, strike, etc.
comprobar check, audit, verify.
coordinar coordinate.
computar count, take into account.
copiar copy.
comunicar communicate.
cortar cut.
conceder award, grant.
cosechar harvest.
conciliar reconcile.
costar cost. Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
cotizar 1. quote 2. pay social security dues 3. give a price, set a value.
cotizar en alza increase in value. cotizar en baja decrease in value. cotizar en bolsa be listed at the
depositar deposit. depreciar depreciate. depurar debug. derivar derive.
stock market.
desacelerar decelerate.
crecer grow.
desahuciar evict, dispossess.
cuadrar 1. balance, tally 2. square.
desalojar evict, dispossess.
custodiar 1. watch, guard 2. take into
desarrollar develop.
custody.
desasociar terminate membership of an association, society, club, etc.
D
descapitalizar decapitalize (AmE),
datar date.
descargar download.
deber owe.
descentralizar decentralize (AmE),
decapitalise (BrE), reduce net worth or capital.
debitar 1. debit, make a debit entry 2.
decentralise (BrE).
descifrar decrypt, decode.
charge.
decidir decide.
descodificar decode, decrypt.
declarar declare.
descomprimir 1. decompress 2. unzip.
decomisar seize, confiscate
desconectar disconnect.
deducir 1. subtract, deduct
descontar 1. give a discount or
2.
deduce.
rebate, discount, rebate 2. discount documents.
deflactar deflate.
descontar documentos discount
deforestar deforest.
documents.
defraudar defraud.
desembargar release seizure,
delegar delegate.
withdraw attachment order.
delinear draft, draught (BrE).
desembolsar outlay, disburse, pay.
demandar 1. sue 2. demand.
desestacionalizar seasonally adjust.
denegar deny.
desfalcar embezzle, defalcate.
departamentalizar departmentalize
desgastar wear, wear out.
(AmE),
departmentalise (BrE).
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
desgravar 1. t.v. exempt from taxes 2.
disolver dissolve.
be tax-deductible, allow for a tax rebate 3. t.v. remove a lien or attachment.
distribuir distribute.
i.v.
desguazar break up, scrap.
diversificar diversify. documentar document, provide
designar appoint, nominate.
documentation, supply evidence.
desinvertir divest.
dolarizar dollarize (AmE), dollarise (BrE).
deslocalizar offshore.
domiciliar pay by banker’s order,
desmoldar strip, cast out.
pay by direct transfer from a bank account, pay by direct debit.
desmonetizar demonetize (AmE),
donar donate, grant.
demonetise
(BrE).
dotar assign, provide, allot.
desnacionalizar denationalize (AmE), denationalise (BrE).
E
despachar deliver, ship. despedir dismiss, lay off, fire, discharge.
desvalorizar 1. t.v. devalue, devaluate 2. p.v. depreciate, lose value.
economizar economize (AmE), economise (BrE), save.
embalar pack.
desviar deviate.
embarcar board.
devaluar devaluate, devalue.
embargar seize, attach, garnish,
devengar 1. accrue 2. produce,
sequestrate.
bear, yield.
embotellar bottle.
devolver return, give back.
emitir issue.
diferir defer.
emitir acciones issue shares (BrE),
digitalizar digitize (AmE), digitise (BrE),
issue stock (AmE).
digitalize (AmE), digitalise (BrE).
empeñar pawn.
diligenciar acknowledge, approve,
emplazar summon.
stamp.
emplear employ.
diluir dilute, water.
encuestar poll, survey.
dirigir lead, direct, manage, run. diseñar design. disminuir diminish, decrease.
endeudar 1. p.v. contract a debt, go into debt 2. t.v. get someone into debt.
endosar endorse. Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
engrapar staple.
exhibir exhibit, display, show.
enjuiciar bring to trial.
eximir exempt.
enlazar link.
expandir expand.
ensamblar assemble.
expedir 1. dispatch, ship, deliver,
ensayar test.
forward 2. issue.
entrenar train.
expender sell.
entrevistar interview.
expirar expire.
envasar put into any type of
explotar 1. run a business, shop,
container.
concern, etc. 2. exploit.
enviar deliver, send.
exponer 1. expose 2. exhibit, show.
erosionar erode.
exportar export.
escalonar graduate, stagger. escindir 1. split 2. spin off. escribir write.
expropiar expropriate. extender extend. externalizar outsource.
escriturar sign a deed.
extraer withdraw, extract.
especular speculate.
extrapolar extrapolate.
esponsorizar sponsor. establecer establish. estafar embezzle, defraud, swindle.
F
estandarizar standardize (AmE), standardise (BrE).
estenografiar stenograph.
fabricar manufacture.
estimar estimate.
facturar invoice, bill.
estructurar structure.
falsificar forge, counterfeit, falsify.
estudiar study.
fechar date.
etiquetar label.
fiar 1. sell on credit, sell on account
evadir evade.
2.
evadir impuestos evade taxes. evaluar evaluate, assess, appraise. examinar examine.
trust, rely on.
fichar 1. t.v. sign up, hire 2. i.v. clock in, clock on (BrE), punch in (AmE) 3. i.v. clock off, clock out (BrE), punch out (AmE) 4. i.v. sign up, join.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
fidelizar make faithful, generate
girar 1. draw, write out, issue 2. send
brand loyalty, make someone loyal to a brand, product, organisation, etc.
a money order.
financiar finance, fund.
globalizar globalize (AmE),
girar en descubierto overdraw. globalise (BrE).
finiquitar settle.
graduar graduate.
firmar sign.
gráfico circular pie chart.
fletar charter, freight.
grapar staple.
flotar float.
gratificar 1. gratify 2. give a bonus
fluctuar fluctuate.
payment.
fomentar promote.
gravar 1. tax, levy 2. encumber.
formalizar formalize (AmE), formalise (BrE),
make official.
H
Formar 1. form 2. train. funcionar function, work, run. fundir 1. p.v. become bankrupt 2. t.v.
habilitar 1. authorize (AmE), authorise
provoke bankruptcy 3. t.v. & p.v. melt.
(BrE) 2.
fusionar merge, amalgamate.
heredar inherit.
provide funds.
hilar spin. hipotecar mortgage.
G
homologar validate, certify, homologate.
ganar 1. earn 2. gain 3. win. garantizar 1. guarantee, warrant guarantee, provide surety, collateralize (AmE), collateralise (BrE).
2.
gastar 1. t.v. spend 2. t.v. & p.v. wear out.
I imponer 1. impose 2. tax, levy. importar import.
gerenciar manage. gestionar 1. manage, run, administrate 2. deal with, negotiate 3. follow steps and procedures in order to obtain authorisations, licences, permits, subsidies, etc.
imprimir print. imputar 1. assign, allocate, book as 2.
charge, accuse 3. attribute.
incautar seize, attach, confiscate.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
incentivar promote, give incentive to.
JK
incorporar 1. t.v. incorporate 2. t.v. hire 3. p.v. join.
jubilar pension, pension off, retire.
incrementar increase. indemnizar indemnify, compensate. indexar 1. index 2. update, adjust according to inflation.
industrializar industrialize (AmE),
L
industrialise (BrE).
lacrar seal.
inflar inflate.
lanzar 1. launch, release 2. evict.
informar report, inform.
legalizar legalize (AmE), legalise (BrE),
infravalorar 1. underestimate 2.
legar bequeath, will, devise.
undervalue.
ingresar 1. i.v. enter, join 2. t.v. deposit 3. t.v.
validate.
input, enter, introduce.
inmovilizar block.
liberar release, clear, free. liberar acciones issue shares (BrE), issue stock (AmE).
inscribir register, inscribe, enrol.
liberar el mercado deregulate the market.
inspeccionar inspect.
librar draw, issue.
instalar install.
licenciar 1. t.v. license 2. t.v. discharge
integrar integrate.
obtain a professional degree, graduate. 3. p.v.
intercambiar exchange, interchange, swap.
licitar offer through a public tender.
interpolar interpolate.
liderar lead.
intervenir 1. intervene, take part subject an institution or estate to receivership.
2.
invalidar invalidate, nullify, void. inventariar inventory, take inventory,
limitar limit. liquidar 1. liquidate, dissolve 2. sell off, sell out, clear 3. adjust, settle, pay.
take stock.
liquidar salario pay salary.
invertir invest.
liquidar sueldo pay salary.
investigar research.
liquidar sueldo pay salary.
inyectar inject.
liquidar cuentas settle accounts.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
negociar 1. negotiate, deal 2. buy
M
and sell, deal in.
nombrar name, appoint. malgastar waste.
nominar name, nominate.
malversar misappropriate,
normalizar standardize (AmE),
embezzle.
standardise (BrE).
mancomunar join, pool, combine,
notificar notify.
associate.
mantener 1. support, maintain,
numerar number.
sustain 2. maintain, keep.
manufacturar manufacture. maquilar manufacture at a low-
O
cost, cross-border factory.
matricular 1. register, enrol 2. obtain
ocupar 1. employ, occupy 2.
a professional licence.
occupy, take up place.
mecanografiar type.
ofertar offer, bid.
mercadear sell, market.
ofrecer offer.
mercar trade.
operar operate.
mermar diminish, waste.
optimizar optimize (AmE), optimise
mezclar mix. minusvalorar undervalue. modernizar modernise.
(BrE).
ordenar order. organizar organize (AmE), organise (BrE).
monopolizar monopolize (AmE),
otorgar grant.
monopolise (BrE).
multar fine. multiplicar multiply.
P
NÑ
pactar agree, reach an agreement. pagar pay.
nacionalizar nationalize (AmE),
pagar por adelantado prepay, pay
nationalise (BrE).
in advance.
navegar 1. navigate, sail 2. surf.
parar
1.
stop 2. strike, go on strike.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
participar 1. participate 2. share. particular 1. private 2. particular.
presentar 1. t.v. present, submit introduce 3. p.v. apply for, apply to 4. p.v. introduce oneself.
2. t.v.
pasar a libros enter into books.
prestar 1. lend 2. provide a service.
pasar aduanas clear customs.
presupuestar budget.
patrocinar sponsor.
privatizar privatize (AmE), privatise (BrE).
pedir order.
procesar 1. process 2. prosecute.
pensionar retire, pension. percibir receive.
producir 1. produce 2. yield, bear. programar 1. program 2. plan,
perder lose.
schedule.
periodificar accrue, divide into
promocionar promote.
periods.
promover promote.
peritar survey, appraise.
pronosticar forecast.
permutar barter.
prorratear prorate, apportion.
personalizar customize (AmE),
prorrogar postpone.
customise
(BrE).
pignorar pledge, hypothecate.
protocolizar record, register. proyectar 1. project 2. plan,
planificar plan, schedule.
schedule.
ponderar weight.
publicar publish, issue.
posdatar post-date.
publicitar advertise.
poseer possess, have, own.
pujar 1. bid 2. raise a bid, bid higher.
posicionar place.
pulir polish.
posponer postpone.
pulsar click, press.
practicar practise. prefabricar prefabricate.
Q
prefinanciar prefinance. preliminar preliminary.
quebrar 1. i.v. become bankrupt,
prendar pledge.
go bankrupt, fail 2. t.v. provoke bankruptcy, make bankrupt.
prescribir prescribe, lapse.
querellar bring suit.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
reconvertir restructure.
R
recuperar 1. recover, redeem 2.
racionalizar rationalize (AmE), rationalise (BrE).
salvage.
redactar write, edit. redescontar rediscount.
readquirir reacquire.
redituar yield, yield a profit,
reajustar readjust, adjust.
produce.
realizar 1. realize (AmE), realise (BrE)
redondear round off.
2.
cash in, turn into cash.
realizar beneficios cash in benefits.
reembolsar reimburse, refund, pay back, repay.
reasegurar reinsure, reassure.
reenviar forward, send again.
rebajar reduce, rebate, lower, cut.
reestructurar restructure.
recapitalizar recapitalize (AmE),
reexportar reexport, re-export.
recapitalise (BrE).
recargar 1. overcharge, surcharge 2.
overload.
refinanciar refinance, roll over. refinanciar refinance.
recaudar collect, raise.
refrendar countersign, authenticate.
rechazar 1. reject, turn down 2.
regatear bargain, haggle.
return, dishonour (BrE), dishonor (AmE).
rechazar un cheque return a cheque (BrE), return a check (AmE), dishonour a cheque (BrE), dishonor a check (AmE).
registrar 1. t.v. register, record, enter 2. p.v.
enrol, register.
reglamentar regulate, establish rules.
rechazar una moción reject a
regular regulate.
motion, defeat a motion.
reimportar re-import.
recibir receive.
reintegrar 1. t.v. refund, reimburse 2. p.v. join
reciclar recycle.
back, return.
reclamar claim.
reinvertir reinvest.
reclutar recruit.
relevar 1. survey 2. replace 3. release, exempt.
recobrar recover.
rematar auction.
recompensar reward.
remesar 1. ship, deliver 2. remit, send
recomprar repurchase, reacquire.
money.
reconciliar reconcile.
remitir send, deliver.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
remunerar pay, remunerate, compensate.
rendir 1. yield, bear, produce 2.
render, settle, report 3. perform.
rendir cuentas 1. settle accounts,
resultar result. resumir summarize (AmE), summarise (BrE).
retener withhold.
render accounts 2. give explanations.
retirar 1. p.v. retire 2. t.v. withdraw,
rendir interés bear interest.
retrasar delay, postpone, adjourn.
renegociar renegotiate.
retribuir pay.
renovar renew.
retroalimentar feed back.
rentabilizar make profitable,
reubicar relocate, redeploy.
recall.
maximise profits.
rentabilizar activos maximise return on assets.
2.
revalue, valuate again.
revaluar revaluate, write up.
rentar hire, rent, lease. renunciar 1. resign 2. waive, relinquish.
revender 1. resell 2. scalp. revertir reverse, revert.
reorganizar reorganize (AmE), reorganise (BrE).
repartir 1. distribute, deliver 2.
revalorizar 1. revaluate, increase
distribute, apportion, allot.
reponer replace.
revisar examine, revise, audit. revocar revoke, abrogate. robotizar robotise (BrE), robotize (AmE). rotar turn, rotate.
reposicionar reposition.
rotular label.
representar represent.
rubricar sign, sign and seal.
reprogramar reprogram. rescatar redeem, recall, recover, rescue.
rescindir cancel, terminate, rescind,
S
abrogate, revoke.
reservar 1. reserve, allow 2. book,
salariar include in the payroll, give a
reserve.
job with a fixed salary.
respaldar endorse, back, support.
saldar 1. settle, pay, pay off, cancel 2.
restar deduct, subtract. restringir restrict.
balance.
saldar cuentas settle accounts, settle up. Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
salvar 1. save, salvage 2.
sobretasar value in excess,
authenticate changes in a document.
overvalue, rate in excess.
sanear free from an excessive debt
overvalue, overvalorate, write up.
burden, clean up.
sobrevaluar overvalue, grant an
secuestrar 1. seize, sequester 2.
sobrevalorar value in excess,
kidnap.
excessive value.
solicitar 1. apply, apply for 2. request.
secundar second.
solventar 1. finance, pay for, fund 2.
segmentar segment.
pay, settle.
seleccionar select.
subalquilar sublet, sublease.
sellar stamp, seal.
subarrendar sublease, sublet.
señar make a down payment.
subastar auction.
sindicalizar 1. t.v. unionize (AmE),
subcontratar subcontract.
unionise (BrE), organise into a trade union 2. p.v. unionize (AmE), unionise (BrE), form a trade union 3. t.v. syndicalize (AmE), syndicalise (BrE).
sindicar 1. p.v. syndicate, pool, organise into a syndicate 2. p.v. unionize (AmE), unionise (BrE), form a trade union 3. t.v. unionize (AmE), unionise (BrE), organise into a trade union
sinterizar sinter. (BrE),
subrogar subrogate. subscribir 1. t.v. subscribe underwrite 3. p.v. subscribe to a publication.
2. t.v.
subscribir acciones subscribe shares (BrE),
subscribe stocks (AmE), underwrite shares (BrE), underwrite stocks (AmE).
subvalorar undervalue,
sistematizar systematize (AmE), systematise
subordinar subordinate.
automate.
sobornar bribe, pay off.
underestimate.
subvaluar undervalue. subvencionar subsidize (AmE),
sobrecapitalizar overcapitalize (AmE), overcapitalise (BrE).
subsidise (BrE).
sumar 1. add, sum up 2. amount to,
sobrecargar 1. overcharge,
add up to.
surcharge, charge in excess 2. overload, load in excess.
suministrar supply, purvey.
sobredepreciar overdepreciate.
supervisar supervise.
sobregirar overdraw.
suscribir 1. t.v. subscribe underwrite 3. p.v. subscribe to a publication.
2. t.v.
sobreproducir overproduce.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
suscribir acciones subscribe shares (BrE),
subscribe stock (AmE), underwrite shares (BrE), underwrite stock (AmE).
suspender 1. suspend, interrupt 2.
remove from office temporarily.
suspender pagos stop payment.
transferir título transfer title, pass title. transportar 1. transport, haul, carry 2.
carry forward, carry over
trasladar 1. transfer, translate, move 2.
carry forward, carry over.
traspasar 1. transfer, pass over to,
sustituir substitute.
turn over to 2. carry forward, carry over.
tratar 1. deal in, trade in 2. deal with.
T
tributar pay taxes.
tabular tabulate, table. taquigrafiar stenograph, shorthand, write in shorthand.
tasar assess, appraise, valuate.
U uniformalizar standardize (AmE),
telefonear telephone.
standardise (BrE).
tender tend.
unir join.
terminar terminate.
urbanizar develop.
testar make a will or testament.
usufructuar use, utilize (AmE),
timbrar stamp, put a seal or stamp.
utilise (BrE).
titularizar securitize.
V
tomar take. tomar prestado borrow. totalizar totalize (AmE), totalise (BrE), add up, sum up.
valer cost, be valued at, be worth, have a price of.
trabajar 1. work 2. operate. traducir translate.
validar validate. valorar 1. value, appraise, assess
traficar deal, trade, traffic.
2.
tramitar carry out procedures in
valorizar 1. appreciate, increase in
order to obtain official authorisations, permits, documents, etc.
value 2. value, appraise.
transferir transfer, pass, convey.
variar vary, fluctuate.
appreciate, increase in value.
valuar value, appraise, assess.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
vencer 1. expire, lapse 2. fall due,
vincular 1. link 2. bind.
mature.
WXYZ
vender sell. vetar veto. vigilar watch.
zonificar zone, divide into zones.
Abbreviations
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BrE
British English
AmE
American English
t.v.
transitive verb
i.v.
intransitive verb
p.v.
pronominal verb
Abreviaturas BrE
ingles británico.
AmE
inglés americano.
t.v.
verbo transitivo.
i.v.
verbo intransitivo.
p.v.
verbo pronominal.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
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Andrew D. Miles is the director of English for Business Barcelona, English for Business Madrid and English Phone
English for Business Barcelona teaches English lessons to companies in the Barcelona area.
English for Business Madrid teaches English lessons to companies in the Madrid area.
English Phone provides lessons by telephone to students who want to improve their oral communication skills.
www.englishforbusiness.es
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
