45.1.33
(g) Filter paper . Fast. Fast. (h) Hot plate . (i) Water bath . For For boiling, e.g., large saucepan. ( j) Metal basket . Suitable Suitable size for water bath. (k) Weights. Metal Metal wire or steel nuts. (l) Glass rods. Stable Stable at 525°C.
AOAC Official Method 995.11 Phosphorus (Total) in Foods Colorimetric Method First Action 1995 NMKL–AOAC Method
(Applicable (Applica ble to dete determin rminatio ation n of phos phosphor phorus us in food foodss and foodingredients at 0.05–1.00 g/100 g.) See Table 995.11 for the results of the interlaboratory study supporting the acceptance of the method. A. Princip Principle le
Productis Prod uctis drydry-ashe ashed d to remo remove ve orga organicmaterial nicmaterial.. The acid acid-solu -soluble ble phosphate residue forms a blue complex [(MoO 2⋅4MoO3)2⋅H3PO4] withNa 2M0O4 in thepres thepresenc encee of asc ascorb orbic ic aci acid d as red reduc ucingagen ingagent. t. Intensity tens ity of blu bluee colo colorr is meas measured ured spec spectrop trophot hotomet ometrica rically lly at 823 ± 1 nm. B. Appar Apparatus atus
( Note: Gla Glasswa ssware re and cruc crucible ibless mustbe clea cleanedwith nedwith P-freedetergents.) (a) Spectrophotometer . Οperating at 823 ± 1 nm. (b) Cuvettes. 1 cm path length or 2.5 cm flow-through. (c) Analytical balance . Weighing Weighing to 0.1 mg. (d) Crucibles. Quartz, Quartz, ca 50 mL. (e) Volumetric flasks . 10, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mL. (f ) Muffle furnace .
Table 995.1 995.11 1
C. Reage Reagents nts
( Note: Al Alll rea reagen gents ts mu must st be ana analyt lytica icall gra grade de andmustbe pre prepar pared ed with distilled H 2O.) (a) Hydrochloric acid . Concentrated, Concentrated, 12M. (b) Zinc oxide. (c) Potassium hydroxide solution . 50% 50% (w/v). Dissolve 50 g KOH in 50 mL H 2O. (d) Sulfuric acid . Concentrated, Concentrated, 18M. (e) Sodium Carefully Sodium moly molybdat bdatee solu solution tion (Na 2 MoO42H 2O). Carefully mix 140 mL H2SO4, (d), with 300 mL H 2O in 500 mL volumetric flask.Coolto fla sk.Coolto roo room m tem tempe perat ratureand ureand add12.5g Na 2MoO4⋅2H2O.Dilute to volume with H 2O. Mix well. Ascorbic rbic acidsolutio acidsolution n . Dissol (f ) Asco D issolve ve 5 g asc ascorb orbic ic aci acid d in H 2O in 100 10 0 mL vo volum lumetr etric ic fla flask.Dilu sk.Dilute te to vo volum lumee wit with h H 2O.Mix we well.Prell.Prepare solution on the day of use. Molybdate–ascorbic orbic acid solution. Immediate (g) Molybdate–asc Immediately ly befo before re use add25 vol volume umess of Na2MoO4 solution,( e), to 10 vol volume umess of asc ascorb orbic ic acid solution, ( f ), ), and dilute with H 2O to 100 volumes in volumetric flask. Mix well. (h) Phosphorus stock standard solution. 1.0 1 .0 mg P/mL. Dry KH2PO4 2 h at 101°C. Dissolve 1.0967 g dried KH 2PO4 in H2O in 250mL volu volumetri metricc flask flask.. Dilu Dilute te to vol volumewith umewith H 2Oandmixwell.
Interlaborat Interl aboratory ory study results results for for determination determination of phosphor phosphorus us (total) (total) in foods and food food ingredients ingredients by spectrophotometric method
Statistics
Potato flour
Sausage
Cold ham
Infant formula
Cheese
Skimmed milk
Outliers excluded No. of laboratories
10
12
11
Mean of duplicates, g/100 g
0.0761
0. 1 66
0 . 23 3
0. 28 5
0 . 64 1
0. 96 0
sr, g/100 g
0.0016
0. 0 07 9
0. 0 09 1
0 . 01 5
0. 0 09 6
0. 01 0
RSDr, %
2. 1
4. 8
3. 9
5. 4
1. 5
1. 1
r , g / 10 0 g
0.0044
0. 0 22
0. 0 26
0. 0 43
0 . 02 7
0. 0 2 9
sR, g/100 g
0.0035
0. 0 11 5
0. 0 18
0 . 0 17
0. 027
0 . 0 34
RSDR, %
4. 7
6. 9
7. 7
6. 1
4. 1
3. 6
0.0099
0. 0 32
0. 0 50
0. 0 49
0 . 07 4
0. 0 9 5
R , g / 10 0 g
—
2
12
2
b
1
10
No. of laboratories excluded
a
—
11
—
Outliers included No. of laboratories
12
—
12
—
12
—
Mean of duplicates, g/100 g
0.077
—
0 . 24 3
—
0. 6 7
—
sr, g/100 g
0 . 01 6
—
0 . 05 4
—
0. 1 2
—
RSDr, %
2 0. 6
—
22 . 2
—
1 7. 7
—
r, g/100 g
0.045
—
0 . 1 51
—
0. 3 3
—
sR, g/100 g
0 . 01 7
—
0 . 05 3
—
0. 1 2
—
RSDR, % R, g/100 g a
r = 2.8 × s r
b
R = 2.8 × s R
2 1. 6 0.047
— —
22 . 0 0. 15 0
— —
1 7. 7 0 . 33
— —
© 2000 AOAC INTERNATIONAL
(i) Phosphorus working standard solution. 0 .01 mg P/mL. Transfer 5.00 mL P stock standard solution, ( h), into 500 mL volumetric flask, and dilute to volume with H 2O. Mix well. ( j) Phosphorus solutions for standard curve . 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 mg P. Using pipet, accurately transfer exactly 0, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00,and 6.00 mL P working standard solution, ( i), into separate 50 mL volumetric flasks. Dilute solutions with H2O to ca 15 mL. ( Note: Store P standard solutions, ( h)–( j), at ca 5°C to minimize risk of microbial growth. Discard solutions if any haze or turbidity occurs.)
15 mL with H 2O. Add 20 mL molybdate–ascorbic acid solution to test solution in 50 mL flask, and also to phosphorus standard solutions, C ( j). Swirl contents carefully. Place flasksin metal basket. Close each flask with stopper,inserting narrow filter paper strip at the stopper so that flask is not closed tootightly. Place lead wire or stainless steel nut on flask as a weight. Immerse metal basket in vigorously boiling water bath. Keep flasks in waterbath exactly 15 min. Cool flasksunder tapH 2O to 20–30°C, and then dilute contents to 50 mL with deionized H 2O and mix.
D. Preparation of Test Solution
Transfer solutions from D to 1 cm cuvettes or flow-cell. Measure absorbance of each solution against reagent blank at 823 ± 1 nm. Measurement must be made within 1 h after the color reaction. Construct standard curve by plotting absorbances against amounts of P in P standard solutions (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 mg P). If absorbance of analyte exceeds absorbance of 0.06 mg P, repeatthe color reaction, using smaller volumeof treated solution.
Accurately weigh 0.5–1.5 g ( ±1 mg) homogeneous test portion into crucible. To control possible contamination, prepare reagent blank by including an empty crucible in analytical run. Treat reagent blank in the same manner as test portion. Add 0.5 g ZnO into crucible and mix, using glass rod; leave glass rodin crucible.Dry 1–2 h at ca110°C. Pre-ash onhot plate untilresidue is black. ( Note: Nodryingand pre-ashing areneededif furnace usedin next step is equipped with a time-temperature regulator.) Place crucible in muffle furnace at room temperature,and lettemperature rise to 525°C. Maintain this temperature 4 h or overnight. When using furnace equipped with a time-temperature regulator, useslowinitialincrease of temperature to avoidthe risk of splashing liquid products. Remove crucible from oven and let cool to room temperature. To cold crucible, add 5 mL H 2O and 5 mL HCl. Cover crucible with watch glass and boil contents carefully 5 min on hot plate. Filter contents of crucible into 100 mL volumetric flask. Rinse crucible and inner surface of watchglass with 5 mL hotH 2O. Repeat rinsing 4 times with5 mLhot H 2O and transfer allrinses through the filter into the volumetric flask. Cool flaskto room temperature, and neutralize solutionby adding 50% KOH solution until solution is slightly opalescent [Zn(OH) 2]. Add HCl dropwise until opalescence disappears. Add 2 extra drops of HCl. Let solution cool to room temperature and then dilute to 100 mL with H 2O. Depending on the expected content of P, accurately pipet 1.00–10.0 mL treated solutioninto 50 mL volumetric flask. Dilute to
E. Determination
F. Calculations
Calculate P content as P in test portion (g/100 g) as follows: P, g/100 g = 100 ×
(V2 V1 ) × P W
where V 1 = volume of solution used in the color reaction, mL; V 2 = volume of volumetric flask containing ash test portion, 100 mL; P = amount of P from standard curve corresponding to absorbance of analyte, mg; and W = weigh test portion, mg. Report results with 2 significant figures (e.g., 1.2, 0.56, or 0.067 g/100 g). Calculate P contentas phosphatide(lecithin,g/100 g) as follows: Phosphatides, g/100 g = 30 × P (g/100 g) Calculate P content as P 2O5, g/100 g as follows: P2O5, g/100 g = 2.29 × P (g/100 g) References: J. AOAC Int. 77, 1557(1994); 79, 1408(1996). Revised: March 1998
© 2000 AOAC INTERNATIONAL
