44. People v Lava Et Al

People v. Lava et al. G.R. No. L-4974-8 May 16, 1969 FACTS: FACTS: Lava Lava et al wer were char charge ged d with with the the comm commi ii io! o! o" the the crim crime e o"  re#elli re#ellio! o! com$le% com$le%ed ed with m<i$le m<i$le m&rder, m&rder, aro! aro! a!d ro##eri ro##erie. e. 'ei(ed doc&me!tary a!d other article were $laced i! the c&tody o" the )hili$$i!e *o!ta#&lary #eca&e they had to #e $ree!ted a evide!ce i! the trial o"  re#el e#elli lio! o! cae cae  $e!d $e!di! i!g g i! othe otherr co&r co&rt t.. Mot Mot o" the the orig origi! i!al al  o" the the doc& doc&me me!t !tar ary y evid evide! e!ce ce wer were #&r #&r!ed !ed d&ri d&ri!g !g the the +re +re that that g&tt g&tted ed the the head&arter o" the )hili$$i!e *o!ta#&lary o! 'e$tem#er 1, 198. /he 'olicitor Ge!eral +led a $etitio! "or the reco!tit&tio! o" the #&r!ed e%hi#it.  /he $etitio! "or reco!tit&tio! reco!tit&tio! wa give! #y the *o&rt. /he a$$ella!t aail the reco!tit&tio! o" the e%hi#it that were detroyed, a!d claim that the reco!tit&ted reco!tit&ted e%hi#it ho&ld !ot #e co!idered. 0!. GR. No. L-4974, i! the co&re o" the trial i! the R/*, the evide!ce relied &$o! were o!ly doc&me!t that were ei(ed d&ri!g raid o! diere!t $lac $lace e wer were Lav Lava had had #ee! #ee!.. 'ome 'ome o" the thee e doc& doc&me me!t !t  wer were Lava Lava2 2 ha!dwriti!g, or were ig!ed #y him &i!g hi alia !ame. /hee were clearly eta#lihed #y the tetimo!y o" a ha!dwriti!g e%$ert that wa $ree!ted #y the $roec&tio!. /he co!cl&io! o" the ha!dwriti!g e%$ert wa #aed o! the $ecime! o" Lava2 ha!dwriti!g which were &ed a ta!dard i! com$ari!g with the ha!dwriti!g a!d3or ig!at&re i! alia5 o" the a$$ella!t that a$$ear i! the the doc& doc&me me!t !t  that that wer were $re $ree! e!te ted d a evid evide! e!ce ce agai agai! !tt him. him. 'ome 'ome doc&me!t were $ree!ted "or com$ario! o! Lava ig!at&re are: 1. ! a$$l a$$lic icat atio io! ! "or "or em$l em$loy oyme me!t !t ig! ig!ed ed #y oe oe Lava Lava.. /he /he ig! ig!at at&r &re e thereo! wa teti+ed to #y wit!e d&ardo Rom&alde( !ow 'ecretary o" i!a! i!a!ce ce55 a loo;i loo;i!g !g .  card#oar card#oard d co!tai!i!g co!tai!i!g a lit o" #oo; re&e re&eted ted #y oe Lava Lava while the the latter wa detai!ed i! ?ili#id )rio!. ?&e!ave!t&ra @illa!&eva, @illa!&eva, to whom the lit wa give!, teti+ed that he aw Lava writi!g the lit o! the card#oard. Lava co&!el co!te!ded that !o ge!&i!e $ecime! o" Lava2 ha!dwriti!g wa $ree!ted a ta!dard "or com$ario!. ISSUE: 1. Ao&ld reco!ti reco!tit&ted t&ted doc&me!t doc&me!t  #e admitted a evide!ceB evide!ceB

>. Ao&ld the co!cl&io! o" the ha!dwriti!g e%$ert that it wa Lava ha!dwriti!g &CceB HELD: 1. De. /he reco!tit&tio! wa made i! accorda!ce with the $roviio! o" ct E11, which $rovide "or the $roced&re i! the reco!tit&tio! o" co&rt record. 'ectio! 9 o" aid act $rovide that detroyed doc&me!tary evide!ce hall #e reco!tit&ted #y mea! o" eco!dary evide!ce which may #e $ree!ted to a!y &tice o" the '&$reme *o&rt or a!y other oCcer commiio!ed #y the *o&rt. 'ectio! 14 o" the act $rovide that the detroyed or lot doc&me!tary evide!ce hall #e re$laced #y eco!dary evide!ce.  $hototatic co$y o" a! origi!al doc&me!t i admii#le a a eco!dary evide!ce o" the co!te!t o"  the origi!al a!d they co!tit&te evide!ce o" a ati"actory !at&re. >. De. /he ha!dwriti!g o" a $ero! may #e $roved #y a!y wit!e who #elieve it to #e the ha!dwriti!g o" &ch $ero!, a!d ha ee! the $ero! write. vide!ce re$ecti!g the ha!dwriti!g may alo #e give! #y com$ario!, made #y the wit!e or the co&rt, with writi!g admitted or treated a ge!&i!e #y the $arty agai!t whom the evide!ce i oered, or $roved to #e ge!&i!e to the ati"actio! o" the F&dge. /he ha!dwriti!g e%$ert who made the com$ario! i! thi cae $oitively ide!ti+ed the ha!dwriti!g o" oe Lava o! the doc&me!t $ree!ted a evide!ce agai!t Lava, e$ecially the ha!dwritte! !ame o" Gregorio 'a!taya!a, Gato!, Gato! 'ilaya!, Gavi!o a!d Greg.