AS 1101.3—1987
Australian Standard� GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING Part 3 : WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
This Australian standard was prepared by Committee WD/1, Welding Definitions and Symbols. Symbols. I t was approve approved d on behalf of the Council Council of the S tandard tandardss Association Association of Australia Australia on 12 November November 1986 and publishe published d on 6 F ebruary ebruary 1987. 1987.
The following interests are represented on Committee WD/1: Australian Welding Institute Australian Welding Research Association Bureau Bureau of Steel Manufac Manufacturer turerss of Australia Australia Confederation of Australian Industry CSIRO, Division of Manufacturing Technology Department of Defence Electricity Electricity Supply Supply Association Association of Australia Australia Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board Metal Metal Trades Industry Industry Association Association of Australia Railways Railways of Australia Committee Committee Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
Review of Austr alia n Standa rds. To keep abreast abreast of progress progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic periodic review review and are kept kept up to date by the i ssue ssue of amendment amendmentss or new editions as necessa necessary. ry. It is important important t herefore herefore t hat Standard Standardss users users ensure ensure that they are in possess possession ion of the latest edition, and any amendments amendments thereto. Full Full details details of all Australian Australian Standard Standardss and related publications publications wil l be found in t he Standards Standards Australia Australia Catalogue Catalogue of Publications; Publications; this information information is supplement supplemented ed each each month by the magazine magazine ‘The Australian Australian Standar Standard’, d’, which subscrib subscribing ing members members receive, receive, and which which gives details of new publications, publications, new editions and amendments, amendments, and of withdrawn Standards Standards.. Suggestions Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed addressed to the head offic e of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without without delay in order order that the matter may be investigated investigated and appropr appropriate iate action taken. taken.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 85138.
AS 1101.3—1987
Australian Standard� GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING Part Part 3 : WELD WELDIN ING G AND NONNONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
Firs Firstt publ publish ished ed (as AS AS Z6) Z6) . . Revi Revise sed d ................ AS 1101 1101,, Part Part 3 first publis publishe hed d Seco Second nd edition edition . . . . . . . . . . .
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1955 1955 1969 1969 1979 1979 1987 1987
PUBLISHED BY ST AND ANDARDS ARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140 ISBN 0 7262 4462 7
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PREFACE This edition of this standard was prepared prepared by the Association’s Association’s Committee on on Wel ding Definit Definition ionss and and Symbol Symbols, s, to supers supersed edee AS 1101, 1101, Graph Graphica icall Symbo Symbols ls for Genera Generall Engi Enginee neeri ring ng,, Part Part 3—19 3—1979 79—S —Sym ymbo bols ls for for Weldin Welding. g. It is gene general rally ly based based on ANSI/AWS ANSI/AWS A2.4A2.4-79 79,, Symbo Symbols ls for Welding Welding and and Nond Nondes estruc tructive tive Testing Testing,, and and the perm ermiss ission ion of the Ame America rican n Weldin elding g Soci Society ety Inc. Inc. to use their heir stand standar ard d is acknowledged. The standard provides a scheme whereby complete details of welds and welded joints can be delineate delineated d on drawings. drawings. A separate separate section section has been included included establishing establishing symbols for use on drawings to specify requirements for non-destructive examination for determining the soundne soundness ss of materials. The method for symbolic representation of welds on engineering drawings used in this stand standar ard d is consist consistent ent with the ‘third ‘third angl angle’ e’ metho method d of projec projection tion,, which which is the preferred method given in AS 1100, Technical Drawing, Part 101—General Principles. It should should be noted, noted, however, however, that the scheme is equally approp appropriate riate t o drawings drawings in which the ‘first angle’ method of projection is used. The committee noted the practice currently adopted in ISO 2553, Welds—Symbolic Representation on Drawings, in regard to the position of the symbols on drawings, viz the dual reference reference line, and felt that this situation situation should should not be carried carried over into this stand standar ard. d. Therefo Therefore, re, the pract practice ice of using using one one cont continu inuou ouss referen reference ce line remain remainss unaltered in this edition. Illustrations used with the text are intended only to show how symbols may be used to convey convey welding or testing informat information ion and do not not necessa necessarily rily represen representt good or accepted design practice.
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CONTENTS Page
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SC OPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 RE F ER E NC ED D OC UME NT S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 DE FIN ITI ON S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 5 5
SECTION 2. BASIC PRINCIPLES 2.1 BA SIC SY MBO LS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 BA SIC TY PES OF J OIN TS AN D W EL DS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 GE NER AL P RO VIS ION S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 7 7
SECTION 3. SYMBOLS FOR FILLET WELDS 3.1 GE NER AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 SI Z E O F FI LLE T WE L DS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 LE NGT H O F FI L LE T W ELD S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 EX TEN T O F F ILL ET WE L DI NG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING . . 3.6 TERMINATION OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING . . . 3.7 COMBINATION OF INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS FI L LE T W E LD ING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 FI L LE T W E LD S I N HO LE S AN D SL O TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF FILLET WELDS . . . 3.1 0 SK E WE D JO IN TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 4. SYMBOLS FOR BUTT WELDS 4.1 GE NER AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 DEPTH OF PREPARATION AND DESIGN THROAT THICKNE S S O F B UTT W ELD S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 JO INT P REP A RA TI O N D IMEN S IO NS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 SU RFA CE FI N IS H AN D C ON TO UR O F B UTT WE LD S . . . . 4.5 BA CKI NG RU N O R BA CK ING WE LD S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 JO INT W ITH B AC KIN G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 JO INT W ITH S PA CER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 CONVENTION FOR BACK GOUGING AFTER WELDING ON E SID E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 5. SYMBOLS FOR SURFACING 5.1 GE NER AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 US E O F S URF AC ING S YMB OL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 SIZE (THICKNESS) OF SURFACES BUILT UP BY WELDING 5.4 EXTENT, LOCATION, AND ORIENTATION OF SURFACES BU ILT U P B Y W EL D IN G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 SU RFA CIN G A WE L D F ACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 6. SYMBOLS FOR FLANGE WELDING 6.1 GE NER AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 ED GE- FLA NG E WE L DS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 CO RNE R -F LA NGE WEL DS . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 DI MEN S IO NS OF F L AN GE W EL DS . . . . 6.5 MU LTI P LE -J OIN T FL AN GE W E LD S . . . .
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23 23 23 23 26 26 26 26 26 26
29 29 36 36 43 44 44 44
48 48 48 48 48
50 50 50 50 50
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SECTION 7. SYMBOLS FOR PLUG WELDING 7.1 GE NER AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 SI Z E O F PL UG W EL DS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 AN GLE O F C OUN TER SI NK . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 DE PTH OF FI LL ING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 SP ACI NG O F P LU G W EL DS . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 SU RFA CE CO NTO UR OF PL U G W EL D S .
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SECTION 8. SYMBOLS FOR SLOT WELDING 8.1 GE NER AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 DE PTH OF FI LL ING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 DE TAI LS O F SL OT WE LD S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF SLOT WELDS . . . . .
57 57 57 59
SECTION 9. SYMBOLS FOR SPOT WELDING 9.1 GE NER AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 SI Z E A ND S T RE NG TH O F SP O T W E LD S 9.3 SP ACI NG O F S PO T WE L DS . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 EX TEN T O F S P OT WE LD ING . . . . . . . . . 9.5 NU MBE R OF S PO T W EL DS . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 GR OUP ED S P OT W ELD S . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 FL U SH SP OT W EL D ED JO IN TS . . . . . . . 9.8 MU LTI P LE -J OIN T SP OT WE LD S . . . . . .
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60 60 60 60 60 64 64 64
SECTION 10. SYMBOLS FOR SEAM WELDING 10.1 GE NER AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. 2 SI Z E A ND S T RE NG TH O F SE A M W EL D S . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 LE NGT H O F SE AM W EL DS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT SEAM WELDS . . . . . 10. 5 OR IEN T AT IO N O F SE A M WE L DS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. 6 FL U SH SE AM WEL DE D J OI NTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. 7 MU LTI P LE -J OIN T SE AM WE LD S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 65 65 65 65 66 66
SECTION 11. SYMBOLS FOR BRAZED JOINTS 11.1 GE NER AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. 2 JO INT P REP A RA TI O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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SECTION 12. SYMBOLS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION 12.1 BA SIC SY MBO LS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 12. 2 GE NER AL P RO VIS I ON S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 12.3 METHODS OF SPECIFYING EXTENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE EX AMI NAT IO N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 APPENDICES A ABBREVIATIONS OF TERMS FOR WELDING AND APPLIED PR O CE S SE S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B DE S IG N O F S TA ND ARD SY MBO LS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C AP P LI CAT IO N DR AW I NG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77 79 82
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STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA Australian Standard for GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING
PART 3—WELDING AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE. This standard describes symbols which provide the means of placing complete welding information on drawings. It covers the details and application of symbols related to various welding processes (including brazing), and non-destructive examination.
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. The following standards are referred to in this standard:
Appendix A gives a listing of abbreviations normally used for welding and allied processes. Appendix B shows the design of standard symbols, while Appendix C gives a typical example for the use of symbols on structural drawings.
1.3 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in AS 2812 shall apply.
AS 2536 Surface Texture AS 2812 Welding, Brazing and Cutting of Metals — Glossary of Terms
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SECTION 2. BASIC PRINCIPLES 2.1 BASIC SYMBOLS 2.1.1 Distincti on between weld symbol and welding symbol. This standard makes a distinction between the terms weld symbol and welding symbol. Th e weld symbol (see Fig. 2.1) i ndicates the type of weld. The we ldi ng s ymbol ( se e Fi g. 2 .3) i s a m et hod o f representing the weld symbol on drawings, and includes supplementary information and consists of the following eight elements: (a) Reference line (shown horizontally).
2.1.2 Illustrations. Examples given including dimensions (in millimetres) are illustrative only and are intended to facilitate communications. They are not intended to represent design practices or to replace code or specification requirements. 2.1.3 Basic weld symbols. Basic weld symbols shall be as shown in Fig. 2.1. The symbols shall be drawn ‘on’ the reference line (shown dotted). 2.1.4 Supplementary symbols. Supplementary symbols to be used in connection with welding symbols shall be as shown in Fig. 2.2.
(b) Arrow. (c) Basic weld symbols.
2.1.5 Standard location of elements of a welding symbol. The elements of a welding symbol shall have standard locations with respect to each other as shown in Fig. 2.3. Specification and process references should be shown in the tail of the welding symbol.
(d) Dimensions and other data. (e) Supplementary symbols. (f) Finish symbols. (g) Tail. (h) Specification, process, or other references. NOTE: Not all of t he above elements n eed to be used unless required for clarity.
Fig. 2.1. BASIC WELD SYMBOLS
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Fig. 2.2. SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
2.2 BASIC TYPES OF JOINTS AND WELDS. 2.2.1 Basic types of joints. The basic types of j oints are shown in Fig. 2.4. 2.2.2 Applicable welds. Applicable welds in basic types of joints are listed in Fig. 2.4. 2.3 GENERAL PROVISIONS 2.3.1 Location significance of arrow. 2.3.1.1 General. The location significance of arrow is shown in Fig. 2.5.
* Use appropriate letter symbol for process Fig. 2.7. SYMBOLS WITH NO SIDE SIGNIFICANCE
2.3.2 Location of weld with respect to joint. 2.3.2.1 Arrow side. Welds on the arrow side of the joi nt shal l be show n by placi ng the weld symbol on the side of the reference line towards the reader (see Fig. 2.8 and Clause 2.3.1.1).
Fig. 2.5. LOCATION SIGNIFICANCE OF ARROW
2.3.1.2 Butt, fillet, and flange weld symbols. For symbols for butt, fillet, and flange welds, the arrow shall connect the welding symbol reference line to one side of the joint and this side shall be considered the arrow side of t he joint. The side opposite the arrow side of the joint shall be considered the other side of the joint (See Fig. 2.6.) 2.3.1.3. Plug, slot, spot, seam and projection weld symbols. For symbols for plug, slot, spot, seam, and projection welds, the arrow shall connect the weld symbol reference line to the outer surface of one of the members of the joint at the centreline of the desired weld. The member towards which the arrow points shall be considered the arrow side member. The other member of the joint shall be considered the other side member. (See figures cited in Sections 7 to 10 inclusive).
Fig. 2.8. WELDS ON ARROW SIDE
2.3.2.2 Other side. Welds on the other side of the joi nt shal l be show n by placi ng the weld symbol on the side of the reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 2.9 and Clause 2.3.1.1).
2.3.1.4 Symbols with no side significance. Some weld symbols have no arrow side or other side significance, although supplementary symbols used in conjunction with them may have significance (see Fig. 2.7 and Clauses 9.1.2 and 9.1.4). COPYRIGHT
Fig. 2.9. WELDS ON OTHER SIDE
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Fig. 2.3.
STANDARD LOCATION OF ELEMENTS OF A WELDING SYMBOL COPYRIGHT
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Square-butt V-butt Bevel- butt U-butt
Fillet Square-bult V-butt Bevel- butt U-butt J-butt Flare-V-butt
Fillet Plug Slot Square-butt Bevel- butt
Applicable welds J-butt Flare-V-butt Flare-bevel- butt Edge-f lange Braze
Applicable welds Flare-bevel- butt Edge-f lange Corner-f lange Spot Projection Seam Braze
Applicable welds J-butt Flare-bevel- butt Spot Projection Seam Braze
Applicable welds Fillet Plug Slot Bevel- butt
J-butt Flare-bevel- butt Spot Projection Seam Braze
Applicable welds Square-butt Bevel- butt V-butt U-butt J-butt
Fig. 2.4. BASIC TYPES OF JOINTS COPYRIGHT
Edge-f lange Corner-f lange Seam Edge
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Fig. 2.6. APPLICATION OF ARROW SIDE AND OTHER SIDE CONVENTION COPYRIGHT
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2.3.2.3 Both sides. Welds on both sides of the joint shall be shown by placing weld symbols on both sides of the reference line, towards and away from the reader (see Fig. 2.10 and Clause 2.3.1.1).
Fig. 2.12 PROCESS INDICATION
2.3.4.5 Symbol without tail. Where no specification, process, or other reference is used with a welding symbol, the tail may be omitted.
Fig. 2.10 WELDS ON BOTH SIDES
2.3.3 Method of drawing symbols. Symbols may be drawn mechanically or freehand as desired. Symbols intended to appear in publications or otherwise to be of high precision may be drawn with dimensions and proportions shown in Appendix B.
2.3.5 Site weld symbol. Site weld (welds not made in a shop or at the place of initial construction) shall be indicated by means of the site weld symbol. The flag shall point away from the arrow. (See Fig.2.13.)
2.3.4 Location of a specification, procedure, process, or other reference. 2.3.4.1 Symbols with references. Where a specification, procedure, process, or other reference is used with a welding symbol, the reference shall be placed in the tail (see Fig. 2.11).
Fig. 2.13. USE OF SITE WELD SYMBOL
2.3.6 Symbol for complete penetration from one side. 2.3.6.1 Use. The symbol for complete penetration from one side shall be used only where complete joi nt or member penetrat ion plus rei nforc ement is required in welds made from one side only (see Fig. 2.14). 2.3.6.2 Location. The symbol for complete penetration from one side shall be placed on the side of the reference line opposite to the weld symbol (see Fig. 2.14).
Fig. 2.11. REFERENCE LOCATION
2.3.4.2 Symbols without reference. W here desired, symbols may be used without specification, process, or other references in the following instances: (a) Where a note such as the following appears on the drawing: ‘Unless otherwise designated, all we lds a re t o b e ma de i n a cco rd ance wi t h Specification No....’ (b) Where the welding procedure to be used is prescribed elsewhere, such as in shop instructions and process sheets. 2.3.4.3 General notes. Where desired, general notes such as the following may be placed on a drawing to provide detailed information pertaining to the predominant welds:
2.3.6.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of complete penetration need not be shown on the welding sy mbol . I f it i s desi red t o s pec if y h ei ght o f reinforcement, it shall be shown on the drawing. (See Fig. 2.14.) 2.3.7 Contour and surface finish methods for complete penetration from one side. 2.3.7.1 Flush contour. Complete penetration welds fr om one s ide t hat is to be made f lush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and t he required finish symbol to the symbol for complete penetration from one side (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 2.15).
‘Unless otherwise i ndicated, all fillet welds are 6 mm in size.’ ‘Unless otherwise indicated, root gaps for all butt welds are 3 mm.’ The information need not be repeated on the symbols. 2.3.4.4 Process indication. Where use of a definite process is required, the process shall be indicated by letter designations as shown in Appendix A (see Fig. 2.12).
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Fig. 2.15. INDICATION OF FLUSH CONTOUR
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Fig. 2.14 APPLICATION OF SYMBOL FOR COMPLETE PENETRATION FROM ONE SIDE
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2.3.7.2 Convex contour. Complete penetration welds from one side that is to be mechanically finished to a convex contour shall be shown by adding both the convex contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the symbol for complete penetration from one side (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 2.16).
Fig. 2.18. USE OF WELD-ALL-AROUND SYMBOL
2.3.9 Weld continuity. Unless otherwise indicated, all welds shall be continuous.
Fig. 2.16. INDICATION OF CONVEX CONTOUR
2.3.10 Finishing of welds. Finishing of welds, other than cleaning, shall be indicated by suitable contour and finish symbols. The following finishing symbols indicate the method, not the degree *, of finish:
2.3.8 Extent of welding denoted by symbols.
C — Chipping.
2.3.8.1 Abrupt changes. Symbols apply between abrupt changes in the direction of the welding or to the extent of hatching or dimension lines, except where the weld-all-around symbol is used (see Figs 2.19 and 2.20).
G — Grinding.
2.3.8.2 Hidden joints. Where the welding of the hidden joint is the same as that of the visible joint, the welding on hidden joints may be covered, as shown in Fig. 2.17. In such case, a section is desirable but is not necessary. The drawing shall indicate the presence of hidden members. If the welding on the hidden point is different from that of t he visible joint, specific information for the welding of both shall be given. If needed for clarification, auxiliary illustrations or views shall be added.
M — Machining. R — Rolling. P — Peening. (See Clauses 2.3.7, 3.9, 4.4, 4.5.3, 7.6, 8.4, 9.6, and 10.6.) 2.3.11 Construction of symbols. Fillet, bevel and J-butt, flare-bevel-butt, and corner-flange weld symbols shall be shown with the perpendicular leg always to the left (see Fig. 2.25).
Fig. 2.25. CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLS
2.3.12 Crank in arrow. Where one member of a joi nt is to be prep ared, the arrow shall poin t wi th a definite crank towards that member (see Fig. 2.26, and also Figs 2.21 and 2.22). Fig. 2.17. EXAMPLE OF HIDDEN JOINT
2.3.8.3 Approximate location. Where the exact location of the weld is not critical, it may be indicated as in Fig. 2.19(d). 2.3.8.4 Use of weld-all-around symbol . Welds extending completely around a joint shall be indicated by the weld-all-around symbol (see Fig. 2.18). Welds that are completely around a joint which includes more than one type of weld, indicated by a combination weld symbol, shall be designated by the weld-all-around symbol. Welds completely around a joi nt in which the metal int ersections at the poin ts of welding are in more than one plane shall also be indicated by the weld-all-around symbol. (See Fig 2.20(c)). *
For methods of indicating degree of f inish, see AS 2536.
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Fig. 2.26. CRANK IN ARROW
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Fig. 2.19. DESIGNATION OF LOCATION A ND EXTENT OF FILLET WELDS
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(a) Weld with abrupt changes in direction
Fig. 2.20 DESIGNATION OF EXTENT OF WELDING COPYRIGHT
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(b) Weld-all-around symbol
Fig. 2.20 (continued ) COPYRIGHT
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(c) Weld in several planes (Weld continues around periphery)
(d) Round point (round member prepared by machining to round point)
(e) Chisel point (round member prepared by machining to chisel point)
Fig. 2.20 (continued )
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(a) Arrow side
(b) Other side
(c) Both sides
Fig. 2.21. APPLICATION OF CRANK IN ARROW OF WELDING SYMBOL (BEVEL-BUTT WELD)
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(a) Arrow side
(b) Other side
(c) Both sides
Fig. 2.22. APPLICATION OF CRANK IN ARROW OF WELDING SYMBOL (J-BUTT WELD)
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(a) Single-bevel-butt and backing run weld symbols
(b) Back or backing, single-J-butt and f illet weld symbols
(c) Fillet and double-bevel-butt weld symbols
(d) Single-bevel-butt and double-fillet weld symbols
Fig. 2.23. COMBINATION OF WELD SYMBOLS SHOWING CRANK IN ARROW
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2.3.13 Reading of information on welding symbols. Information on welding symbols shall be placed to read from left to right along the reference line in accordance with the usual conventions of drafting. 2.3.14 Combined weld symbols. For joints having more than one weld, a symbol shall be shown for each weld (see figs 2.23 and 2.24). 2.3.15 Complete penetration. The letters ‘CP’ in the tail of the arrow indicate a complete penetration we ld r egard les s o f th e t ype o f we ld o r jo in t preparation (see Clause 4.2.7 and Fig. 4.14). 2.3.16 Designation of special types of weld. Where the basic weld symbols are inadequate to indicate the desired weld, the weld shall be shown by a crosssection, detail, or other data with a reference thereto on the welding symbol i n accordance with the location conventions given in Cla use 2.3.1 ( see Fig. 2.27).
Fig. 2.27. DESIGNATIONS OF SPECIAL WELD TYPES
Desired weld
Symbol (a)
Desired weld
Symbol (b)
Fig. 2.24. APPLICATION OF ELECTROG AS WELDING AND ELECTROSLAG WELDING WITH COMBINATION OF WELD SYMBOLS COPYRIGHT
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2.3.17 Multiple reference lines. 2.3.17.1 Sequence of operations . T wo or more reference lines may be used to indicate a sequence of operations. The first operation is shown on the reference line nearest the arrow. Subsequent operations are shown sequentially on other reference lines. (See Fig. 2.28.)
2.3.17.3 Test information. Test information may be shown on a second or third reference line away from the arrow as described in Section 12. 2.3.17.4 Supplementary symbols. Where required, the weld-all-around symbol or test-all-around symbol shall be placed at the junction of the arrow line and reference line for each operation to which it is applicable. The site weld symbol may also be applied in the same manner. (See Fig. 2.30.)
Fig. 2.28. INDICATION OF SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
2.3.17.2 Supplementary data. Additi onal re ference lines may be used to show data supplementary to welding symbol information included on the reference line nearest to the arrow (see Fig. 2.29).
Fig. 2.30. USE OF SUPPLEMENTARYS YMBOL WITH MULTIPLE REFERENCE LINE Fig. 2.29. USE OF ADDITIONAL REFERENCE LINE FOR SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
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SECTION 3.
SYMBOLS FOR FILLET WELDS
3.1 GENERAL
3.3 LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS.
3.1.1 Dimensioning fillets. Dimensions of fillet we lds s hall b e s how n o n th e sa me s ide o f t he reference line as the weld symbol (see Figs 2.19, 3.4, and 3.5).
3.3.1 Location. The length of a fillet weld, where indicated on the welding symbol, shall be shown to the right of the weld symbol (see Fig. 3.3, and also Fig. 3.4(f)).
3.1.2 Symbols with no general note. Where no general note governing the dimensions of fillet welds appears on the drawing, the dimensions of fillet welds on both sides of the joint shall be shown (see Figs 3.1 and 3.2).
Fig. 3.3. LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS
3.3.2 Abrupt changes. Where fillet welding extends for the full distance between abrupt changes in the direction of the welding (see Clause 2.3.8), no length dimension need be shown on the welding symbol (see F ig. 3.4(e)). Fig. 3.1. WELDS WITH SAME DIMENSIONS
3.3.3 Specific lengths. Specific lengths of fillet welding may be indicated by symbols in conjunction with dimension lines (see Fig. 3.6, and also Fig. 2.19(a) and (c)).
Fig. 3.2. WELDS WITH DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS
3.1.3 Symbols with general note. Where a general note appears on the drawing governing the dimensions of fillet welds, such as ‘unless otherwise indicated, all fillet welds are 8 mm in size’, the dimensions of fillet welds need not be shown on the symbol. 3.2 SIZE OF FILLET WELDS.
Fig. 3.6. INDICATION OF SPECIFIC LENGTHS OF FILLET WELDS
3.2.1 Location. The size of a fillet weld shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 3.4(a), (b), (c), and (d)).
3.4 EXTENT OF FILLET WELDING.
NOTE: Examples shown in Fig. 3.4 are for joints without root gaps. For root gaps caused b y workmanship tolerances, the appropriate application standard should be followed for fillet weld sizes.
3.4.1 Hatching. Where it is desired to shown the extent of fillet welding graphically, the location of the weld may be shown by hatching (see Fig. 3.7).
3.2.2 Unequal legs. The size of a fillet weld with unequal legs shall be indicated to the left of the weld symbol. Weld orientation is not indicated by the symbol and shall be shown on the drawing when necessary. (See Fig. 3.4(d).) 3.2.3 Minimum size. Unless otherwise indicated, the deposited fillet weld size shall be not less than the size shown on the drawing. 3.2.4 Penetration. Where penetration for a given root opening is specified, as in Fig. 3.8(a), the inspection method for determining penetration depth is to be included in the applicable specification.
Fig. 3.7. EXTENT OF FILLET WELDING SHOWN BY HATCHING
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Fig. 3.4. APPLICATION OF DIMENSIONS TO FILLET WELD COPYRIGHT
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(a) Length and pitch of increments of intermittent welding
(b) Length and pitch of increments of chain intermittent welding
(c) Length and pitch of increments of staggered intermit tent welding
NOTE: If required by actual length of t he joint, the length of the increment of the welds at the end of the joint should be increased to terminate the weld at the end of the joint.
Fig. 3.5. APPLICATION OF DIMENSIONS TO INTERMITTENT FILLET WELD SYMBOLS COPYRIGHT
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3.4.2 Welds beyond abrupt changes. Fillet welding extending beyond abrupt changes in the direction of the welding shall be indicated by means of additional arrows pointing to each section of the joint to be welded, as shown in Fig. 2.20(a), except where the weld-all-around symbol is used.
3.9.2 Flat contour by mechanical means. Fillet welds that are to be made flat faced by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 3.10).
3.5 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING. Dimensioning of intermittent fillet welding shall be as follows: (a) The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of intermittent fillet welding shall be shown as the distance between centres of increments on one side of the joint (see Fig. 3.5). (b) The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of intermittent fillet welding shall be shown to the right of the length dimension (see Fig. 3.5). (c) Dimensions of chain intermittent fillet welding shall be shown on both sides of the reference line. Chain intermittent fillet welds shall be opposite each other as shown in Fig. 3.5(b). (d) Dimensions of staggered intermittent fillet welding shall be shown on both sides of the reference line using the convention shown in Fig. 3.5(c). 3.6 TERMINATION OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING.
Fig. 3.10. FLAT CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
3.9.3 Convex contour by mechanical means. Fillet welds that are to be mechanically finished to a convex contour shall be shown by adding both the convex contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 3.11).
3.6.1 Intermittent fillets only. Where intermittent fillet welding is used by itself, the symbol indicates that increments shall be located at the ends of the dimensioned length (see Fig. 2.19(b)). 3.6.2 Intermittent welds between continuous welds. Where intermittent fillet welding is used between continuous fillet welds, the symbol indicates that spaces equal to the pitch minus the length of one increment shall be left at the ends of the dimensioned length (see Figs 2.19(a) and 3.5(a)). 3.7 COMBINATION OF INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUSFILLET WELDING. Separatewelding symbols shall be used for intermittent and continuous fillet welding where the two are used in combination along one side of the joint (see Fig. 2.19(a)). 3.8 FILLET WELDS IN HOLES AND SLOTS. Fillet welds in holes and slots shall be shown by means of fillet weld symbols (see Fig. 3.8(b)). 3.9 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF FILLET WELDS.
Fig. 3.11. CONVEX CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
3.9.4 Concave contour by mechanical means. Fillet welds that are to be mechanically finished to a concave contour shall be shown by adding both the concave contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 3.12).
3.9.1 Contours obtained by welding. Fillet welds that are to be welded approximately flat, convex, or concave without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush, convex, or concave contour symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 3.9).
Fig. 3.12. CONCAVE CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
Fig. 3.9. INDICATION OF WELD CONTOUR WITHOUT MECHANICAL MEANS
3.10 SKEWED JOINTS. Where the angle between fusion faces is such that the identification of the type of weld and hence the proper weld symbol is in question, the detail of the desired joint and weld configuration shall be shown on the drawing.
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Desired weld
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Symbol (a) Combination fillet and butt weld in T-joint with specified root gap
(b) Fillet weld in holes (or slot)
Fig. 3.8. APPLICATION OF FILLET WELD SYMBOLS
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(c) Double fillet weld symbols for one joint
(d) Double fillet weld symbols for two joints
Fig. 3.8. (continued ).
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SECTION 4. SYMBOLS FOR BUTT WELDS 4.1 GENERAL 4.1.1 Dimension location. Dimensions showing preparation of butt welds shall be indicated on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.2, and also Fig. 4.1).
of butt welds, such as ‘ unless otherwise noted, all V-butt welds shall have a 60 ° groove angle’, neither butt weld need be dimensioned. 4.2 DEPTH OF PREPARATION AND DESIGN THROAT THICKNESS OF BUTT WELDS.
4.1.2 Double-butt dimensions. Where no general note governing the dimensions of welds appears on the drawing, the dimensions of double-butt welds shall be shown on both welds (see Figs 4.3 and 4.4).
4.2.1 Location. The depth of groove preparation (S) and design throat thickness (D) of a butt weld shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Figs 4.6 to 4.9).
4.1.3 Cranked arrow. For bevel-butt, J-butt and corner flange welds, a cranked arrow shall be used to indicate which member is prepared as described in Clause 2.3.12 (see Fig. 4.5).
4.2.2 Complete joint penetration required. Where no depth of groove preparation or design throat thickness is shown on the welding symbol for single-butt and symmetrical double-butt welds, complete joint penetration is required (see Fig. 4.6(d) and (e)).
4.1.4 Dimensions in general note. Where a general note appears on the drawing governing the dimensions
Fig. 4.1. APPLICATION OF DIMENSIONS TO BUTT WELD SYMBOLS (BUTT WELD SYMBOL SHOWING USE OF COMBINED DIMENSIONS)
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Fig. 4.2. DIMENSIONS LOCATION FOR B UTT WELDS
Fig. 4.3. WELDS WITH SAME DIMENSIONS
Fig. 4.4. WELDS WITH DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS
Fig. 4.5. USE OF CRANKED ARROW
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Fig. 4.6. DESIGNATION OF DESIGN THROAT THICKNESS OF BUTT WELDS
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(a) Depth of preparation ‘S’ equal to design t hroat thickness (D)
(b) Depth of preparation ‘S’ less than design throat thickness (D)
(c) Depth of preparation ‘S’ more than design throat thickness ( D)
(d) No preparation
Fig. 4.7. EXAMPLES OF DIFFEREN T RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DEPTH OF PREPARATION ‘S’ AND DESIGN THROAT THICKNESS (D)
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Fig. 4.8. DESIGNATION OF D ESIGN THROAT THICKNESS OF BUTT WELDS WITH SPECIFIED DEPTH OF PREPARATION
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(a) Butt joint with no root opening
(b) Arrow side bevel-butt weld with root opening
(c) Both sides V-butt weld with root opening
Fig. 4.9. DESIGNATION OF DESIGN THROAT THICKNESS OF BUTT WELDS WITHOUT S PECIFIED DEPTH O F PREPARATION COPYRIGHT
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NOTE: The total design thro at thickness of the T-butt portion of t he weld cannot be greater than the thickness of the intersecting plate.
Fig. 4.10. DESIGNATION OF DESIGN THROAT THICKNESS OF C OMBINED WELDS
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4.2.3 Partial joint penetration specified, depth of The design throat preparation not specified. thickness of butt welds which extend only partly through the member or members being joined shall be shown in parentheses on the welding symbol (see Fig. 4.11, and also Fig, 4.7(a), (b), (c) and (d)).
4.2.7 Joint preparation optional, complete penetration required. Contract design drawings, or other drawings where conditions dictate, may allow optional joint preparation with complete joint penetration required by placing the letters ‘CP’ in the tail of the arrow and omitting the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.14). 4.2.8 Joint preparation optional, design throat thickness specified. For contract design drawings where conditions dictate, the design throat thickness may be specified by placing the dimension D on the arrow side or other side of the reference line as re qui red b ut omi tt in g t he we ld sy mbo l (s ee Fig. 4.15). 4.2.9 Flare-butt welds. The dimension S of flarebutt welds is considered as extending only to the tangent points indicated below by dimension lines (see Fig. 4.16).
Fig. 4.11. PARTIAL JOINT PENETRATION
4.2.4 Depth of preparation specified, design throat thickness not specified, or specified elsewhere. A dimension not in parentheses placed to the left of the symbol for a bevel weld, V-butt w eld, J-butt weld, or U-butt weld indicates only the depth of preparation (see Fig. 4.12).
4.3 JOINT PREPARATION DIMENSIONS. 4.3.1 Root gap. The root gap of butt welds shall be shown inside the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.17). 4.3.2 Preparation angle. The preparation angle of butt welds shall be shown outside the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.18). 4.3.3 Radii and root faces. Radii and land of Ubutt and J-butt welds shall be shown by a crosssection, detail, or other data, with reference thereto on the welding symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.19).
Fig. 4.12. INDICATION OF DEPTH OF PREPARATION ONLY
4.2.5 Depth of preparation and design throat thickness specified. Except for square-butt welds, the design throat thickness (D) in relation to the depth of groove preparation S shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol. The design throat t hickness (D) only is shown for the square-butt weld. (See Fig. 4.13, and also Figs 4.8, 4.9, and 4.10.) The design throat thickness (D) shall always be enclosed in brackets. NOTE: In no case shall the total design throat thickness exceed the thickness of the thinner member of the weld joint.
Fig 4.19. EXAMPLES OF INDICATING DETAILS OF RADII AND ROOT FACES
4.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF BUTT WELDS.
Fig. 4.13. INDICATION OF DEPTH OF PREPARATION AND D ESIGN THROAT THICKNESS
4.4.1 Contours obtained by welding. Butt welds that are to be welded approximately flush without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.20, and also Fig. 4.25(a)).
4.2.6 Special case of requirement of Clause 4.2.5— design throat thickness where specified less than depth of preparation. Where it is desired to indicate a design throat thickness (D) less than the depth of preparation S, (D) is shown less than S on the welding symbol (see Figs 4.7(c) and 4.16). Fig. 4.20. INDICATION OF FLUSH CONTOUR WITHOUT MECHANICAL MEANS COPYRIGHT
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(a) Joint preparation optional
Desired weld
Symbol (b) Joint preparation optional
Fig. 4.14. COMPLETE PENETRATION REQUIRED, JOINT PREPARATION OPTIONAL
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Fig. 4.15. PARTIAL PENE TRATION SPECIFIED, JOINT PRE PARATION OPTIONAL
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(a) Flare-V-butt weld with specified partial joint preparation
(b) Flare-bevel-butt weld with specified partial joint penetration and fillet weld
Fig. 4.16. APPLICATION OF FLARE-BEVE L-BUTT AND FLARE-V-BUTT WELD SYMBOLS
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Fig. 4.16. (continued )
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Fig. 4.17. DESIGNATION OF ROOT GAP OF BUTT WELDS COPYRIGHT
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Fig. 4.18. DESIGNATION OF PREPARATION ANGLE OF BUTT WELDS
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4.4.2 Flush contour by mechanical means. Butt welds that are to be made fl ush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with t he l ocation conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.21, and also Fig. 4.25 and Clause 2.3.10).
4.5.3 Surface contour of backing run or backing welds. 4.5.3.1 Contours obtained by welding. Backing run or backing welds that are to be welded approximately flush without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush contour symbol to the backing run or backing weld symbol (see Fig. 4.24).
Fig. 4.21. INDICATION OF FLUSH CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
4.4.3 Convex contour by mechanical means. Butt welds that are to be mechanically finished to a convex contour shall be shown by adding both the convex contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.22, and also Fig. 4.25(c) and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig 4.24. INDICATION OF FLUSH CONTOUR WITHOUT MECHANICAL MEANS
4.5.3.2 Flush contour by mechanical means. Backing runs or backing welds that are to be made flush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the backing run or backing weld symbol (see Fig. 4.27 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.22. INDICATION OF CONVEX CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
4.5 BACKING RUN OR BACKING WELDS. 4.5.1 General. The backing run or backing weld symbol shall be used to indicate bead type backing run or backing welds or single-butt welds (see Fig. 4.26). 4.5.2 Backing run or backing weld symbol. Backing r uns or backing welds of single-butt welds shall be shown by placing a backing run or backing weld symbol on the side of the reference line opposite the butt weld symbol (see Fig. 4.23, and also Fig. 4.26).
Fig. 4.23. USE OF BACKING RUN OR BACKING WELD SYMBOL
Fig. 4.27. INDICATION OF FLUSH CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
Convex contour by mechanical means. 4.5.3.3 Backing run or backing welds that are to be mechanically finished to a convex contour shall be shown by adding both the convex contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the backing run or backing wel d symbol ( see F ig. 4.28 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.28. INDICATION OF CONVEX CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
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4.6 JOINT WITH BACKING. A joint with backing shall be shown as a combination of the butt weld symbol on one side of the reference line and a rectangle on the opposite side in which shall be included one of two notations as shown in Fig. 4.29.
4.8 CONVENTION FOR BACK GOUGING AFTER WELDING ONE SIDE. A second reference line may be used (see Clause 2.3.17) for a second operation which cannot be performed until after the first is completed. Back gouging and welding as a second operation are thus indicated as shown in Fig. 4.31.
NOTE: Material and dimensions of backing as specified.
Fig. 4.29. JOINT WITH BACKING
4.7 JOINT WITH SPACER. A joint with spacer shall be shown with the butt weld symbol modified to show a rectangle within it, and the rectangle shall include a notation as shown in Fig. 4.30.
Symbol NOTE: The total design throat thickness not to exceed thickness of member
Fig. 4.31. INDICATION OF BACK GOUGING AFTER WELDING
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(a) Arrow side side flush contour contour symbol symbol
(b) Other side side flush contour contour symbol
(c) Both sides conve convex x contour symbol symbol
Fig. Fig. 4.2 4.25. 5. APPLICATION APPLICATION OF OF FLUSH FLUSH AND CONVEX CONTOUR SYMBOLS SYMBOLS TO BUTT WELD SYMBOLS
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Butt Butt weld weld made before before welding welding other side side
(a) Use of backing backing r un or backing backing weld symbol to indicate indicate single-run back back weld
NOTE: NOTE: Butt weld weld made after after welding welding other other side
(b) Use of backing backing run or backing backing weld symbol symbol to indicate single-run backi backing ng weld
NOTE: NOTE: The t otal design design throat throat thickness thickness cannot cannot be greater than 25 mm
(c) Back Back gouging after welding welding one side
NOTE: The total design design throat thickness thickness cannot be greater than plate thickness T
(d) Use of backi backing ng w eld with with root gap
Fig. Fig. 4.2 4.26. 6. APPLICATION APPLICATION OF OF BACKING RUN OR B ACKING WELD SYMBOL SYMBOL WITH WITH AND WITHOUT WITHOUT GO UGING COPYRIGHT
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(a) Spacer Spacer in double-bev double-bevel-butt el-butt joint
(b) Spacer Spacer in double-V-but double-V-buttt joint
(c) Spacer Spacer in double-bevel-butt double-bevel-butt joint joint
NOTE: Materials and dimensions dimensions of spacer spacer as specified. specified.
Fig. 4.30. JOINTS WITH SPACERS
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SECTION SECTION 5. SYMBOLS SYMBOLS FOR SURFACING SURFACING 5.1 GE NE NER AL AL ( ssee e Fi Fi g. g. 5. 5.1 )).. The surfacing surfacing symbol shall be used to indicate surfaces built up by welding for such purposes as the following: (a) Correcting Correcting dimension dimensions. s.
5.3.2 5.3.2 Unspecified Unspecified thickness. thickness. Where Where no specific specific thickn hickneess of wel weld dep deposit is desi desired red,, no size size dimension need be shown on the welding symbol. 5.4 5.4 EXTENT, EXTENT, LOCATI LOCATION ON,, AND ORIENTAORIENTATI ON OF S UR F AC ES B UI L T U P B Y WELDING.
(b) Transition Transition between between dissimilar dissimilar metals. (c) Corrosion Corrosion resistanc resistance. e. (d) Wear resistan resistance. ce. 5.2 USE OF OF SURFACING SURFACING SYMBOL. SYMBOL. Surfacess built built up by 5.2. 5.2.1 1 Symbol Symbol appli applicat cation. ion. Surface weldin welding, g, whethe whetherr by singl single-p e-pas asss or multiple multiple-pa -pass ss surfac surfacing ing welds, welds, shall shall be show shown n by the surfacing surfacing symbol (see Fig. 5.1). 5.2. 5.2.2 2 Arro Arrow w side side signific significan ance ce.. The surfac surfacing ing symbol symbol does not indicate indicate the welding of a joint and therefore therefore has no arrow or other side significance significance.. The symbol shall be drawn beneath the reference line and the arrow shall point clearly to the surface on which the weld is to be deposited. (See Fig. 5.1.) Dimen Dimensi sions ons used used in 5.2. 5.2.3 3 Dimensio Dimension n locat location. ion. conjunction with the surfacing symbol shall be shown on the same same side side of the referen reference ce line line as the weld weld symbol (see Fig. 5.1).
5.4. 5.4.1 1 Entire Entire are area. a. Wher Wheree the entir entiree area area of a plane or curved surface is to be built up by welding, no dimension other than size (thickness of deposit) nee d b e s ho how n o n t he he w el el di din g s ym ymbol ( sseee Fig. 5.1(c)). 5.4.2 5.4.2 Portion of area. area. Where a portion of the area of a plane or curved surface is to be built up by welding, the extent, location, and orientation of the area to be built built up shall shall be indicated indicated on the drawing (see Fig. 5.1(d)). 5.1(d)). 5.5 5.5 SURFACIN SURFACING G A WELD FACE. FACE. Where it is desired desired to show show a subseq subsequen uentt surfacing surfacing operation operation over over anoth another er weld, weld, the the multip multiple le refe referen rence ce line line concept may be used with a fillet weld or butt weld as the first operation and the surfacing operation the second (see Fig. 5.2, and also Clause 2.3.17).
5.3 SIZE (THICKNES (THICKNESS) S) OF SURFACES BUILT UP BY WELDING. 5.3.1 5.3.1 Minimum thickness. thickness. The size of a surface to be built up by welding shall be indicated by showing the minimum thickness of the weld deposit to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 5.1(a)).
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Fig. 5.1. APPLICATION OF S URFACING SYMBOL TO INDICATE SURFACES BUILT UP BY WELDING
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SECTION 6. SYMBOLS FOR FLANGE WELDING 6.1 GENERAL. Flange welding symbols shall be used to indicate joints in light gauge metal involving the flanging of the edges to be joined. 6.2 EDGE-FLANGE WELDS. Edge-flange welds shall be shown by the edge-flange weld symbol. (This symbol has no both sides significance.) (See Fig. 6.1.)
6.4.2 Radius and height. The radius and the height above the point of tangency shall be indicated by showing both the radius and the height, separated by a plus sign, and placed to the left of the weld symbol. The radius and the height shall read in that order from left to right along the reference line. (See Fig. 6.6, and also fig. 6.4)
6.3 CORNER-FLANGE WELDS. 6.3.1 Joint detailed. Where the corner-flange weld is detailed, this shall be shown by the corner-flange weld symbol. (This symbol has no both sides significance.) (See Fig. 6.2.) 6.3.2 Joint not detailed. Where the corner-flange joi nt is not deta ile d, there shal l be a brea k in the arrow to show which member is flanged (see Fig. 6.3).
Fig. 6.6. RADIUS AND HEIGHT INDICATION
6.4.3 Weld thickness. The thickness of flange welds shall be shown by a dimension placed outward of the flange demensions (see Fig. 6.7, and also Fig. 6.4).
Fig. 6.3. CORNER-FLANGE JOINT (NOT DETAILED) Fig. 6.7. WELD THICKNESS INDICATION
6.4 DIMENSIONS OF FLANGE WELDS. 6.4.1 Location. Dimensions of flange welds shall be located on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Fig. 6.5, and also Fig. 6.4).
Fig. 6.5. LOCATION OF DIMENSIONS
6.4.4 Root opening. The root opening of flange welds shall not be shown on the welding symbol. If it is desired to specify the root opening, it shall be shown on the drawing. 6.5 MULTIPLE-JOINT FLANGE WELDS. For flange welds, where one or more pieces are inserted between the two outer pieces, the symbol used for the two outer pieces shall be used regardless of the number of pieces inserted (see Fig. 6.4(b) and (c)).
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Fig. 6.1. APPLICATION OF EDGE-FLANGE WELD SYMBOL
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Fig. 6.2. APPLICATION OF CORNER-FLANGE WELD SYMBOL
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Fig. 6.4. APPLICATION OF EDGE-FLANGE AND CORNER-FLANGE WELD SYMBOLS
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SECTION 7. SYMBOLS FOR PLUG WELDING 7.1 GENERAL
7.6 SURFACE CONTOUR OF PLUG WELDS.
7.1.1 Arrow side holes. Holes in t he arrow side member of a joint to be plug welded shall be indicated by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference l ine toward the r eader (see Fig. 7.1(a)).
7.6.1 Flush welds without finishing. Plug welds that are to be welded approximately flush without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.3).
7.1.2 Other side holes. Holes in the other side member of a joint to be plug welded shall be indicated by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 7.1(b)). 7.1.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of plug welds shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.2). 7.1.4 Fillets in holes. The plug weld symbol shall not be used to designate fillet welds in holes (see Clause 3.8). 7.2 SIZE OF PLUG WELDS. The size of a plug weld shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.2(a)). 7.3 ANGLE OF COUNTERSINK. Included angle of countersink of plug welds shall be shown on the symbol (see F ig. 7.2(b)).
Fig. 7.3. FLUSH CONTOUR WITHOUT MECHANICAL MEANS
7.6.2 Flush welds mechanically finished. Plug welds that are to be made flush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.4 and Clause 2.3.10).
7.4 DEPTH OF FILLING. Unless otherwise indicated, the depth of filling of plug welds shall be complete. Where the depth of filling is less than complete, it shall be shown inside the weld symbol. (See Fig. 7.2(c).) 7.5 SPACING OF PLUG WELDS. Pitch (centre-tocentre) of plug welds shall be shown to the right of the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.2(d)).
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Fig. 7.4. FLUSH CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL MEANS
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Fig. 7.1. APPLICATION OF PLUG WELD SYMBOL
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Fig. 7.2. APPLICATION OF DIMENSIONS TO PLUG WELD SYMBOLS
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SECTION 8. SYMBOLS FOR SLOT WELDING NOTE: This Section applies only to slot welds which are partially or completely filled. For fillet welds i n slots, see Clause 3.8.
8.1 GENERAL 8.1.1 Arrow side slots. Slots in the arrow side member of a j oint to be slot welded shall be indicated by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference l ine toward the r eader (see Fig. 8.1(a)). 8.1.2 Other side slots. Slots in the other side member of a j oint to be slot welded shall be indicated by placing the weld symbol on the side of the reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 8.1(b)). 8.1.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of slot welds shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol (see Fig. 8.2).
8.2 DEPTH OF FILLING. Unless otherwise indicated, the depth of filling of slot welds shall be complete. Where t he depth of filling is less than complete, the depth of filling shall be shown inside the weld symbol. (See Fig. 8.2(b).) 8.3 DETAILS OF SLOT WELDS. Length, width, spacing, included angle of countersink, orientation, and location of slot welds cannot be shown on the welding symbol. These data shall be shown on the drawing or by a detail with a reference thereto on the welding symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1. (See Fig. 8.2.)
Note: See drawing for dimensions and orientation.
(a) Arrow side slot weld symbol
Note: See drawing for dimensions and orientation.
(b) Other side slot weld symbol
Fig. 8.1. APPLICATION OF SLOT WELD SYMBOL
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Fig. 8.2. APPLICATION OF DIMENSIONS TO SLOT WELD SYMBOL
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8.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF SLOT WELDS. 8.4.1 Flush welds without mechanical means. Slot welds that are to be welded approximately flush without recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol (see Fig. 8.3).
8.4.2 Flush welds mechanically finished. Slot welds that are to be made flush by mechanical means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld symbol (see Fig. 8.4 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 8.4. FLUSH CONTOUR WITH MECHANICAL MEANS
Fig. 8.3. FLUSH CONTOUR WITHOUT MECHANICAL MEANS
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SECTION 9. SYMBOLS FOR SPOT WELDING 9.1 GENERAL. 9.1.1 Arrow side significance The spot weld symbol, in accordance with its location in relation to the reference line, may or may not have arrow side or other side significance, depending on the process used. 9.1.2 Dimension location. Dimensions shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the symbol, or on either side where the symbol is located astride the reference line and has no arrow side or other side significance (see Fig. 9.1, and also Fig. 9.2). 9.1.3 Process reference. The process reference shall be indicated in the tail of the welding symbol (see Clause 2.3.4.4). 9.1.4 Projection welds. Where projection welding is to be employed the spot weld symbol shall be used with the projection welding process reference in the tail of the welding symbol. The spot weld symbol shall be centred above or below (not on) the reference line to designate in which member the embossment is placed, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1.
9.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SPOT WELDS. Spot welds shall be dimensioned by either size or strength as follows: (a) Size. Th e si ze of s pot w el ds s hal l be designated as the diameter of the weld, and shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 9.3(a)). (b) Strength . The strength of spot welds shall be designated in Newtons per spot, and shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 9.3(b)). 9.3 SPACING OF SPOT WELDS. The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of spot welds shall be sh own t o t he r ight o f t he w eld sy mb ol (s ee Fig. 9.3(c)). 9.4 EXTENT OF SPOT WELDING. Where spot welding extends less than the distance between abrupt changes i n t he direction of the welding, or less than the full length of t he joint (see Clause 2.3.8), the extent shall be dimensioned (see Fig. 9.3(d)). 9.5 NUMBER OF SPOT WELDS. Where a definite number of spot welds i s desired in a certain joi nt, the number shall be shown in pare nthes es either above or below the weld symbol (see Fig. 9.4, and also Fig. 9.3(e)).
Fig. 9.1 DIMENSION LOCATION FOR SPOT WELD
Fig. 9.4. INDICATION OF NUMBER OF SPOT WELDS
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Fig. 9.2. APPLICATION OF SPOT WELD SYMBOL
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(a) Diameter of spot weld
(b) Shear strength of spot weld
Fig. 9.3. APPLICATION OF DIMENSIONS TO SPOT WELD SYMBOLS
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(d) Extend of spot welding
(e) Specified number of spot weld located at random
(f) Spot weld symbol showing use of combined dimensions
Fig. 9.3. (continued )
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9.6 GROUPED SPOT WELDS. A group of spot welds may be located on a drawing by intersecting centrelines, with the arrows pointing to at least one of the centrelines passing through each weld location (see Fig. 9.5). 9.7 FLUSH SPOT WELDED JOINTS. Where the exposed surface of either member of a spot welded joi nt is to be flu sh, that surf ace shall be indi cated by
adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 9.6). 9.8 MULTIPLE-JOINT SPOT WELDS. For spot welds, where one or more pieces are inserted between the two outer pieces, the same symbol as for the two outer pieces shall be used regardless of the number of pieces inserted.
Fig. 9.5. GROUPED SPOT WELDS
Fig. 9.6. FLUSH SPOT WELDS
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SECTION 10. SYMBOLS FOR SEAM WELDING 10.1 GENERAL 10.1.1 Arrow side significance. The seam weld symbol, in accordance with its location in relation to the reference line, may or may not have arrow side or other side significance, depending on the process used. 10.1.2 Dimensions. Dimensions shall be shown on the same side of the reference line as the symbol, or on either side where the symbol is located astride the reference line and has no arrow side or other side significance (see Fig. 10.1, and also Fig. 10.2.)
10.3.2 Abrupt changes. Where a seam weld extends the full distance between abrupt changes in the direction of the welding (see Clause 2.3.8), no length dimension need be shown on the welding symbol. 10.3.3 Specific lengths. Where a seam weld extends less than the distance between abrupt changes in the direction of the welding, or less than the full length of the joint, the extent shall be dimensioned (see Fig. 10.5, and also Fig. 10.3(c)).
Fig. 10.5. SPECIFIC LENGTH OF SEAM WELD
10.4 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT SEAM WELDS.
Fig. 10.1. DIMENSIONING SEAM WELD
10.1.3 Process reference. The process r eference shall be indicated in the tail of the welding symbol. NOTE: For symbols relating to process, see Appendix A.
10.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SEAM WELDS. Seam welds shall be dimensioned by either size or strength as follows: (a) Size. The size of seam welds shall be designated as t he width of the weld expressed in millimetres and shall be shown to the l eft of the weld symbol (see Fig. 10.3(a)).
10.4.1 Pitch distance. The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of intermittent seam welds shall be shown as the distance between centres of the weld increments. 10.4.2 Dimension location. The pitch (centre-tocentre spacing) of intermittent seam welds shall be shown to the right of the length dimension (see Fig. 10.6, and also Fig. 10.3(a)).
(b) Strength. The strength of seam welds shall be designated in Newtons per millimetre and shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 10.3(b)). 10.3 LENGTH OF SEAM WELDS. 10.3.1 Dimension location. The length of seam, where indicated on welding symbols, shall be shown to the right of the weld symbol (see Fig. 10.4 and also Fig. 10.3(a)).
Fig. 10.6. DIMENSION LOCATION FOR INTERMITTENT SEAM WELD S
10.5 ORIENTATION OF SEAM WELDS. Unless otherwise 10.5.1 Intermittent welds. indicated, intermittent seam welds shall be interpreted as having length and pitch measured parallel to the axis of the weld (see Fig. 10.3(a)).
Fig. 10.4. DIMENSION LOCATION FOR SEAM WELDS
10.5.2 Showing orientation. Where the orientation of seam welds is not as in Clause 10.5.1, a detailed drawing shall be used to show the weld orientation (see Fig. 10.7).
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Fig. 10.7. ORIENTATION OF SEAM WELD
10.6 FLUSH SEAM WELDED JOINTS. Where the exposed surface of either member of a seam welded joi nt is to be fl ush, that surf ace shall be in dicat ed by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with t he location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see F ig. 10.8).
10.7 MULTIPLE-JOINT SEAM WELDS. For seam welds, where one or more pieces are inserted between the two outer pieces, the symbol used for the two outer pieces shall be used regardless of the number of pieces inserted.
Fig. 10.8. FLUSH SEAM WELDS
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Fig. 10.2. APPLICATION OF SEAM WELD SYMBOL
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Fig. 10.3. APPLICATION OF DIMENSIONS TO SEAM WELD SYMBOLS
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SECTION 11. SYMBOLS FOR BRAZED JOINTS
11. 1 G ENE RAL . Application of conventional welding symbols to brazed joints shall be as illustrated in Fig. 11.1. Figs 11.1(a) to (e) show how joint clearances can be indicated.
11.2 JOINT PREPARATION. If no special joint preparation other than cleaning is required, only the arrow shall be used with the brazing process indicated in the tail (see Fig. 11.2).
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(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 11.1. APPLICATION OF BRAZING SYMBOLS
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(d)
(e)
(f )
(g)
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Fig. 11.2. BRAZING JOINTS WITH NO S PECIAL PREPARATION
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SECTION 12. SYMBOLS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION 12.1 BASIC SYMBOLS. 12.1.1 Basic examination symbols. Basic nondestructive examination symbols shall be as follows: Type of examination
Symbol
Acoustic emission Eddy current Leak Magnetic particle Neutron radiographic Penetrant Proof Radiographic Ultrasonic Visual
AEE EE LE ME NRE PE PRE RE UE VE
Fig. 12.3. EXAMINATIONS ON OTHER SIDE
12.2.2.3 Symbols on both sides. Examinations to be made on both sides of t he part shall be indicated by examination symbols on both sides of the reference line (see Fig. 12.4).
12.1.2 Elements of t he examination symbol. The examination symbol consists of the following elements: Ref erence lin e
Arrow Basic examination symbol Examine-all-around symbol Number of tests (N) Examination in site
Fig. 12.4. EXAMINATIONS ON BOTH SIDES
Tail
Specification or other reference 12.1.3 Standard location of elements. The elements of an examination symbol shall have standard locations with respect to each other as shown in Fig. 12.1.
12.2.2.4 Centred symbols. Where non-destructive examination symbols have no arrow or other side significance, the testing symbols shall be centred on the reference line (see Fig. 12.5).
12.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS. 12.2.1 Location significance of arrow. The arrow shall connect the reference line to the part to be examined. The side of the part to which the arrow points shall be considered the arrow side of the part. The side opposite the arrow side of the part shall be considered the other side. 12.2.2 Location of examination symbol. 12.2.2.1 Arrow side location. Examinations to be made on the arrow side of the part shall be indicated by t he e xam in ati on symb ol o n th e si de o f t he reference line towards the reader (see Fig. 12.2).
Fig. 12.5. EXAMINATIONS WITH NO ARROW OR OTHER SIDE SIGNIFICANCE
12.2.3 Direction of radiation. Where specified , th e d ir ec tio n o f r adia tio n may b e s hown i n conjunction with the radiographic and neutral radiographic examination symbols. The direction of radiation may be indicated by a symbol located on the drawing at the desired angle (see Fig. 12.6).
Fig. 12.2. EXAMINATIONS ON ARROW SIDE
12.2.2.2 Other side location. Examinations to be made on the other side of the part shall be indicated by t he e xam in ati on symb ol o n th e si de o f t he reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 12.3). COPYRIGHT
Fig. 12.6. DIRECTION OF RADIATION
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Fig. 12.1. STANDARD LOCATION OF ELEMENTS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
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12.2.4 Combination of non-destructive examination symbols and welding symbols.
elsewhere. Where a specification or other reference is used with an examination symbol, t he reference shall be placed in the tail (see Fig. 12.10).
12.2.4.1 Welding and non-destructive examination symbols. Non-destructive examination symbols and welding symbols may be combined as shown in Fig. 12.7.
Fig. 12.10. USE OF REFERENCES
12.3 METHODS OF SPECIFYING EXTENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION. 12. 3.1 S p ec if yin g l en gt h o f se cti on t o be examined. 12.3.1.1 Length shown. To specify examinations of welds on parts where only the length of a section need be considered, the length shall be shown to the ri ght o f th e bas ic e xam in ati on sy mbol (s ee Fig. 12.11).
Fig. 12.7. EXAMPLES OF COMBINATION OF WELD SYMBOLS AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
12.2.4.2 Non-destructive examination symbols alone. Non-destructive examination symbols may be combined as shown in Fig. 12.8.
Fig. 12.11. SHOWING LENGTH OF SECTION TO BE EXAMINED
12.3.1.2 Location shown. To show the exact location of a section to be examined as well as its le ngt h, di men si on l in es sh al l b e u sed ( see Fig. 12.12).
Fig. 12.8. EXAMPLES OF COMBINATION OF SYMBOLS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION ALONE
12.2.4.3 Arrow side significance. Where a nondestructive examination symbol having no arrow or other side significance is combined with a symbol having such si gnificance, the examination symbols may be combined (see Fig. 12.9).
Fig. 12.12. SHOWING LOCATION OF SECTION TO BE EXAMINED
12.3.1.3 Examination of full length. Where the full length of a part is to be examined, no length dimension need be shown on the examination symbol. 12.3.1.4 Partial examination. Where less than the total length of a weld is to be examined with locations to be selected by a specified procedure, the percentage of the length to be examined shall be indicated (see Fig. 12.13).
Fig. 12.9. EXAMPLES OF COMBINATION OF SYMBOLS WITH ARROW SIDE SIGNIFICANCE AND NO ARROW OR OTHER SIDE SIGNIFICANCE
12.2.5 Use of references. Specifications or other references need not be used on examination symbols where the examination procedure is prescribed COPYRIGHT
Fig. 12.13. PARTIAL EXAMINATION
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12.3.2 Specifying number of examinations. To specify a number of examinations to be taken on a joi nt or part at random locati ons, the number of desired examinations shall be shown in parentheses (see Fig. 12.14).
symbol indicates that the bore of the flange is to be subjected to a magnetic particle examination for a distance of 80 mm from the face, all the way around. The lower symbol i ndicates an area of revolution to be subjected to radiographic examination where dimensions are not available on drawing. The symbols on Fig. 12.17(b) indicate an area of revolution subject to an internal proof test and an external eddy current examination. Since no dimensions are given, the entire length is to be examined.
Fig. 12.14. SHOWING NUMBER OF EXAMINATIONS
12.3.3 Specifying examinations made all around a joi nt. To specify examinations to be made all around a joint, the examine-all-around symbol shall be used (see Fig. 12.15).
Fig. 12.15. EXAMINE-ALL-AROUND
12.3.4 Specifying examination of parts (areas). Non-destructive examination of parts (areas) shall be indicated by one of the following methods:
(a) Dimensions specified
(a) Plane areas. For non-destructive examination of an area represented as a plane on the drawing, the area to be examined shall be enclosed by straight broken lines having a circle at each change of direction. The examination symbol specifying the kind of non-destructive examination shall be used in connection with these lines as shown in Fig. 12.16. Where necessary, these enclosures shall be located by coordinate dimensions.
(b) Dimensions not specified
Fig. 12.17. AREAS OF REVOLUTION
12.3.5 Acoustic emission. Acoustic emission is generally applied to all or a large portion of a component, such as a pressure vessel or pipe. The sy mbol in dic ate s a ppl ic ati on of A EE to t he component without specific reference to location of sensors (see Fig. 12.18).
Fig. 12.16. PLANE AREAS
For non-destructive (b) Areas of revolution. examination of areas of revolution, the area shall be indicated by using the examine-all-around symbol and appropriate dimensions. On Fig. 12.17(a), the upper Fig. 12.18. ACOUSTIC EMISSION
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APPENDIX A
ABBREVIATIONS OF TERMS FOR WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES TABLE A1 DESIGNATION OF WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES BY LETTERS Welding and allied process Arc welding carbon-arc welding electr ogas welding fl ux cored arc welding gas metal arc welding gas tungsten arc welding manual metal arc welding plasma arc welding stud welding submerged arc welding Br azing dip brazing fl ame brazing furnace brazing induction brazing resistance brazing silver brazing Other welding processes electr on-beam welding electr oslag welding induction welding laser- beam welding thermit welding oxy-acetylene welding Resistance welding high fr equency resistance welding percussion welding projecti on welding resistance seam welding resistance spot welding Soldering dip solderi ng furnace solderi ng induction solderi ng ir on soldering resistance soldering Soli d state welding diff usion welding explosion welding forge welding fr icti on welding hot pressure welding roll welding ultr asonic welding Thermal cutt ing air arc gouging arc cutti ng carbon-arc cutt ing fl ame gouging gas metal arc cutti ng metal- arc cutti ng plasma arc cutt ing electr on-beam cutt ing laser- beam cutti ng oxy-fuel gas cutti ng oxygen-arc cutti ng Thermal spraying fl ame spraying plasma spraying
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Letter designation AW CAW EGW FCAW GMAW GTAW MMAW PAW SW SAW B DB FLB FB IB RB SB EBW ESW IW LBW TW OAW RW HFRW PEW RPW RSEW RSW S DS FS IS INS RS SSW DFW EXW FOW FRW HPW ROW USW TC AAG AC CAC FG GMAC MAC PAC EBC LBC OFC AOC THSP FLSP PSP
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TABLE A2 ALPHABETICAL CROSS-REFERENCE TO TABLE A1 Letter designation AAG AC AOC AW B CAC CAW DB DFW DS EBC EBW EGW ESW EXW FB FG FCAW FLB FLSP FOW FRW FS GM AC GM AW GT AW HF RW HPW IB INS IS IW LBC LBW MAC MM AW OAW OFC PAC PAW PEW PSP RB RPW RS RSEW RSW ROW RW S SAW SB SSW SW TC THSP TW USW
Welding and allied processes air arc gouging arc cutti ng oxygen-arc cutti ng arc welding brazing carbon-arc cutt ing carbon-arc welding dip brazing diff usion welding dip solderi ng electr on-b eam cutt ing electr on-b eam weld in g electr ogas welding electr oslag welding explosion welding furnace brazing fl ame gouging fl ux cored ar c wel di ng fl ame brazing fl ame spraying forge welding fr icti on welding furnace solderi ng gas m et al ar c cut ti ng gas m et al ar c wel ding gas t ungste n ar c weld in g hi gh fr e que nc y r esis ta nc e we ld in g hot pressure welding induction brazing ir on soldering induction solderi ng induction welding laser- beam cutti ng laser- beam welding metal- arc welding ma nual m et al a rc we ld in g oxy- acetyl ene weld in g oxy-fuel gas cutti ng plasma arc cutt ing plasma arc welding percussion welding plasma spraying resistance brazing projecti on welding resistance soldering re si st ance seam weld in g re sistance spot w eldi ng roll welding resistance welding soldering submerged arc welding silver brazing soli d state welding stud welding thermal cutti ng thermal spraying thermit welding ultr asonic welding
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APPENDIX B
DESIGN OF STANDARD SYMBOLS NOTES to Figs B1 to B22: 1. All dimensions in millimetres. 2. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance shall be 3. All radii are minimum.
± 1
mm or
±1 ° as
applicable.
Fig. B1. REFERENCE LINE
Fig. B2. S QU AR E- BU TT W ELD
Fig. B3. B EV EL-BUTT WE LD
Fig. B4. J-BUTT WELD
Fig. B5. V-BUTT WELD
Fig. B6. FILLET WELD
Fig. B7. U-BUTT WELD
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Fig. B22. BACKING COPYRIGHT
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