4 Marks Questions

Shah Walliullah 1. Who was Shah Walliullah? He was an Islamic reformer who w ho translated Quran into Persian and He wrote about 51 books of Islamic Literature and among them famous were Izalat Akhfah and Hujjatul Al-Baligha.He also invited Ahmed Shah Abdali to defeat Marathas in the Battle of Panipat in 1761. 2. Who was Ahmed Shah Abdali? Ahmed Shah Abdali was an Afghani leader who defeated Marathas in the Battle of Panipat in 1761. He left soon after the battle leaving Muhammad Shah’s Shah’s son as the Emperor called Ahmed S hah. He captured Peshawar, Lahore and Kabul in 1747. 3. Who were Marathas? Marathas were a Hindu tribe who established a Hindu Marathan empire in the southern India. Marathas fought the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb for 25 ye ars. In 1737 they captured Delhi and plundered it. By the middle of 18 th century they had replaced Mughals as the most powerful force in the subcontinent. 4. What were the Beliefs of Shah Walliullah? Shah walliullah believed that all Political behavior should be based on Islamic Principles. He also supported the idea of armed jihad against the non-muslim forces. He also believed that Muslims were declining in every aspect of life i.e. Social and Economic because they had moved away from Islamic principles. He believed that Muslim’s revival could only take place if they began to follow Islamic principles. 5. Describe the works of Shah Walliullah? Shah Walliullah translated Quran from Arabic into Persian. He also wrote 51 books of Islamic Literature. Among his famous books are Hujjatullah Al Baligha(Profound Evidence of Allah) in which he provides arguments that Islam can be practiced in the time (shah Walliullah’s era) as it could be followed 1400 years ago i.e. in the time of Prophet Prophet

. He also wrote Izzalat Akhfah which was an exegesis/Tfsir of

Quran in which he explained the meaning of t he verses of Quran. He also wrote an account of 4 Caliphs in a way that was acc eptable to both shias and sunnis and thus was able to unify them. 6. Describe the achievements of Shah Walliullah? Shah Walliullah’ Translation of Quran from Arabic in Persian was a great success as more people could read, understand and follow Islam in their daily life and so Islamic revival took place. His letter to Ahmed Shah Abdali of Persia to defeat Marathas was also successful as Ahmed shah Abdali came and defeated Marathas in the Battle of Panipat 1761 and it saved Muslims from being wiped out by Hindu Marathas. His account of Four Rightly Guided Caliphs was unanimously acceptable to both Shia and Su nnis and this brought Unity between them and t hus it united Muslims. He was also able to spread his ideas to far

away areas because of his students e.g. Shah Abdul Qadir and Shah Rafi (both were his sons as well) and his 51 books and so Islamic revival occurred in every part (nearly every part) of India. 7. What was Madrasah Rahimiyah? Madrasah Rahimiyah was an Islamic religious school which was established by Abdur Rahim, father of Shah Walliullah. In 1718 Shah Walliullah began to teach in this institution after his father died. Here Shah Walliullah educated his students. Syed Ahmed Barailvi also enrolled into this institute in 1808 and studied Hadis and Quran under the sons of ShahWalliullah. 8. How Shah Walliullah’s Influence continued after his death? Shah Walliullah’s influence continued because of his students e.g. Shah Rafi and Shah Abdul Qadair who taught others what they learned from Shah Walliullah and so helped to spread ShahWalliullah’s teaching after his death, Both were, in fact, teachers of Syed Ahmed who studied Hadis and Fiqah from them. Shah Walliullah’s literary works were translated into other languages e.g. his Persian Translation of Quran was translated into Urdu and so more m uslims could read and study Quran. Shah Walliullah was an inspiration for future Islamic revivalist e.g. Syed Ahmed started his Jihad Movement because he was influenced by teachings of Shah Walliullah who supported Jihad against non-muslim forces. Syed Ahmed Barailvi 1. Who was Syed Ahmed Barailvi? Syed Ahmed Barailvi was an Islamic rev ivalist who was born in 1786 in Rai Baraeli near L ucknow. He was the founder of Jihad Movement. Prior to his Jihad movement he we nt to join forces of Amir khan ,a Pathan military leader,during this time he was able to gain experience and training of how to use then modern European Military Equiptment. He worked as a Sowar (Cavalary men) and he was given a group of men to command. He left the forces of Amir khan when Amir’s State was taken over by British and Shah Abdul Aziz, his teacher declared To nk to be a Darul Harb (a palce r uled by non-muslims) so he could not serve there any longer. In 1921 he went for Hajj and returned in 1923. In 1926 he started his Jihad movement in order to free muslims from the cruel (e.g. Azan (Muslim call to Prayer was banned) and Badshahi Mosque was turned into a place for horses) regime of Ranjit Singh. 2. Who was Ranjit Singh? Ranjit Singh was a Sikh ruler of Punjab. He died in 1839 and t hen his successors were unable to decide who should be the next ruler. He had signed a peace deal with British in 1809 . He did not allow British to pass through his territory( Punjab) and Britishers were fo rced to take the much longer and dangerous route through Baluchistan , Passing through Bolan Pass, to lead an offensive/Expedition into Afghanistan. This indicates his Power. He had the Support of Fre nch who gave him weapons and commanders to fight against Syed Ahmed Baralvi’s Jihad Movement. He was able to defeat Syed Ahmed in the Battle of Balakot in 1831 which virtually ended the Jihad Movement. 3. How Ranjit Singh persecuted Muslims in Punjab?

Muslim call to Prayer (Azan) was banned in many places and so Muslims could not gather together to offer their prayers together in mosque. Many Mosques were treated with disrespect e.g. many mosques were covered in cow dung. Badshahi Mosque in Lahore was turned in a astable (Place where horses are kept) also harsh taxes were levied on the Muslim peasants and this made them live from hand to mouth. Ranjit Singh did not allow Muslims religious freedom i.e. to freely and publically follow their religion. 4. Describe the achievements of Syed Ahmed Barailvi? Syed Ahmed Barailvi was able to defeat Sikhs in Battles many times and he was able to establish a mini Islamic state in the Modern-Day Province of KPK near Peshawar in this state muslims were free to follow their religion and Islam was the law of the state which helped to spread Islam i.e. More Madrasahs (Islamic Schools) were built where Islamic Education was given. He was also able to united the various muslim tribes of KPK. 5. Describe Battle of Balakot? Battle of Balakot was fought in 1831 . In this battle local rulers (of Balakot) told Sikhs a secret Passage through the mountains and Syed Ahmed’s forces were t aken by surprise. Syed Ahmed’s forces fought very ferociously but as Sikhs were greater in number Syed Ahmed’s Army w as defeated and 600 Mujahideens were killed. Syed Ahmed Barailvi was caught and beheaded. Syed Ahmed’s most trusted commander Shah Ismail was also killed,. Defeat at Battle of Balakot was a major setback for the Jihad Movement. 6. Who was Sultan Muhammad khan? Sultan Muhammad Khan was a Brother of Dost Muhammad Khan who had t ried to firstly kill Syed Ahmed by poisoning him and then he deserted Sye d Ahmed along with his army and so Syed Ahmed lost the battle. Sultan Muhammad Khan waged a war ag ainst Syed Ahmed because Syed Ahmed had killed his brother Dost Muhammd khan (because he was a traitor). Due to constant fight against Sultan Muhammad Khan Syed Ahmed was forced to move his forces to Balakot to prevent war against a muslim, Sultan Muhammad khan was a muslim. 7. Describe the importance of Jihad Movement to revival of I slam? Jihad Movement was very important for the revival of Islam. Due to this movement a mini Islamic State was established in KPK and isince it was ruled by Islamic law so Islamic revival took place e.g. More Madrasahs (Islamic Schools) were set up where Islamic Education was given. Also Muslim preachers could freely preach Islam and Muslims could freely follow it and so Islamic revival occurred. In Jihad movement muslims fought to defend their religion and so after the Jihad Movement had ended the devotion to defending Islam still remained and people of these ar eas became more devoted to religio. 8. Describe the importance of jihad Movement to cr eation of Pakistan? Due to Jihad Movement a mini Islamic state was established in the region of KPK and in t his state Muslims were free to follow their r eligion and in this state muslims were happy. Later on this sate

became an inspiration and motivation for muslims to seek to establish same type of state on larger scale i.e. Paksitan. Also during Jihad Movement Muslims struggled to defend their religion and this was a motivation to future mulims Politician who were working to defend Muslim’s rights and to defend muslim’s rights eventually Pakistan was created. Haji Shariatullah 1. Who was Haji Shariatullah? Haji Shariatullah was an Islamic Reformer who was born in Bengal in 1781. He went to Arabia in 1799 and stayed there for 19 years where he became influenced by the teachings of Sheikh Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahab. When he returned back to Bengal in 1819 he began his Faraizi Movement which was a Movement designed to free Muslims from Hindu Practices and to make them follow Islamic obligatory acts i.e. Faraiz. In this Movement anyone who c hose to be a member of Faraizi Movement was required to give up all sins and to promise to lead a virtuous life in accordance with Islamic Principles. 2. Describe the Faraizi Movement? Faraizi Movement was a movement launched by Haji S haritullah. In This movement anyone who joined the Faraizi Movement was required to g ive up all sins and pray for the f orgiveness of his sins. He was alos required to adhere to Islamic Obligatory acts i.e. Faraiz Like Salah (Prayer) and he was also required to give up all Hindu Practices since they were unislamic.Faraizi Movement also supported the Idea of Jihad against Non-Muslim forces which we re oppressing Muslims. 3. What is meant by Dar-ul-Harb? Dar-ul-Harb is an Arabic word which means “Home/Place of War” and refers to a place which is ruled by Non-Muslim Rulers and Muslims are at war with those rulers or have no peace deal with those rulers. Haji Shariatullah declared that whole of Subcontinent was DarulHarb as it was not being ruled by Muslims and so in such areas Eid prayers and Friday prayers should not be offered. In August 1920 Leaders of Khilafat Movement (Ali BrotherS) declared that India was a DarulHarb and so muslims should migrate to Afghanistan which was ruled by Muslims and so about 15000 Muslims went to Afghanistan. 4. What are Faraiz? 5. Who were Zamindars? 6. Who was Mohsin-ud-Din? 7. What was the importance of Faraizi Movement? Mughals 1. Who was Babur? Babur was a Mughal emperor from c entral Asia (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan region) who invaded India in 1525 and defeated the Lodhi Dynasty’s Ruler , Ibrahim Lodhi and took over Delhi after defeating him in Battle of Panipat. He was the founder of the Mughal Dynasty and he was Succeeded by his son

Humayun in 1530 after having have ruled his newly captured land for just 4 years. His real name was Zahir ud Din Muhammad but he was called Babur (which means male L ion in Hindi) because he was very brave. 2. Who was Akbar? Akbar was the successor of Humayun whom he succeeded In 1556. In 1581 Akbar founded his own religious creed called “Din-e-Illahi” which contained elements of both Hinduism and Islam. He ruled for about 50 years till his death in 1 605 when he was succeed by Jehangir. He was disliked by Muslims because of his excessive support to Hindus in his court. He followed Din-e-Illahi for a very short time and is reported to have left it near his death. 3. What was Din-e-Ilahi? Din-e-Illahi was a religious creed founded by Akbar in 1581 . This contained the elements of both Hinduism and Islam and it was primarily created to appease Hindus and Muslims as by following this religion Akbar wished to show that he was in favor of both Hindus and Muslims however he failed terribly as both Hindus and Muslims hated him for having have disfigured their religion. Also, Ironically, doctrines of Din-e-Illahi were written by S heikh Mubark who himself never followed it and he was a Shi’ite Muslim. 4. Who was Aurangzeb? 5. Describe how Aurangzeb seized power? 6. Describe the Achievements of Aurangzeb? 7. What was Jizya? Jizya is an Islamic tax that is levied on Non-Muslims who are living under the protection of an Islamic Empire. It is an alternative to them being required to join the for ces of the empire to defend the empire. Akbar abolished this tax during his reign in 1573 to win the support of Hindus and he was very succ essful in doing so but Aurangzeb re-introduced it during his reign and this caused a lot of discontent among Hindus that it led to rebellions like Marathas. 8. Describe the Invading forces who invaded Mughal Empire? 9. Who was Nadir Shah? 10. Who were Marathas? 11. Who was Ahmed Shah Durani? 12. Describe Battle of Buxar? 13. Describe reasons for the decline of Mughals? 14. Who was Titu Mir?