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Livro sobre simulações com o NX
CST UGM 2009 UWB Antenne Simulation with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®
Dr. Frank Demming-Janssen
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Design from: A novel tapered slot CPW-fed antenna for ultra-wideband applications and its on/off-body performance. Atiqur Rahman, Yang Yang Hao, Member IEEE Department of Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London IWAT 2007
UWB Basics S-Parameter • Pulse communication: no carrier frequency • Pulse spectrum of UWB transmissions pulse in the range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz • UWB is aimed at high data rates for personalarea networks Excitation Pulse and Farfield signal
Main challenge for Antenna : • UWB characteristic of return loss -
simulation possible with any 3D Field Solver (FD, TD, MoM)
• Ability to preserve the pulse shape of the transmitted signal in the Farfield -
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Natural Solver Choice: TD Solvers!
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Specialty of UWB Antennas •
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Broadband antenna design is often based on “frequency independent antennas” These antennas work well for multi band applications but perform badly for UWB because of pulse distortion
Input pulse at port Log Spiral Antenna
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Pulse shape in Farfield S-Parameter
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UWB-Antenna Characterization • Characterization of the UWB Antenna performance by • Group delay of the transmitted signal • Direct comparison of excitation and transmitted signal (signal crosscorrelation) • Group delay is a measure of the transit time of a signal through a device versus frequency. The variations in group delay cause signal distortion. Const. group delay -> perfect signal transmission
group delay = -
∆ϕ ∆ω
• The cross-correlation is a measure of similarity of two waveforms as a function of a time-lag applied to one of them. Cross-Correlation of “1” -> perfect signal transmission ∞
cross - correlation =
∫ f (τ )⋅ g (t + τ )d τ
−∞
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Extraction of Group Delay and CrossCorrelation Group delay and Cross Correlation are secondary data and can be extracted using the template based post processing features in CST MWS
-> Online Demo (later)
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Features Overview for UWB Antennas • Arbitrary time signals -
Gauss Derivatives
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1st, 2nd.. order Rayleigh
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User Defined
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Tabulated Values
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Transient Pulse from Circuit Simulation
• Time Domain Monitoring -
Broadband Farfield Monitor
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Farfield Probe Response
• Advanced Signal Processing of Time and Frequency Response including optimization of processed signals
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Power Spectrum Density
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Correlation
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Standard Operations (DFTs, FFTs…) www.cst.com
Choice of excitation signal Signal Library
VBA scripting of arbitrary time functions
Tabulated values
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Time Domain Results Port Signal Response
Excitation and Reflected Signal
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Power Spectrum Density of Excitation Signal
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Time Domain Results Broadband Farfield Monitor Farfield Time Response
Farfield Frequency Domain Response
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Time Domain Results Time Domain Fields
Surface Currents
E/H Fields
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Time Domain Results Farfield Pulse Response
Pulse Response at arbitrary farfield position 12
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Advance Signal Processing Signal Processing
List can be extended by user specify operations
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Advance Signal Processing Cross-Correlation Function Load Port and Probe Signal
Time Delay Max. Correlation Select post processing step
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UWB Performance of Log Spiral
Cross Correlation - no “main” peak -
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Farfield Group Delay - large runtime difference -
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Surface Currents
At low frequency, the full antenna length is used.
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Farfield
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UWB Antenna Test Vehicle Online Demo
Design from: A novel tapered slot CPW-fed antenna for ultra-wideband applications and its on/off-body performance. Atiqur Rahman, Yang Hao, Member IEEE Department of Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London IWAT 2007
