STANBRAIN MODULE
BUKU PANDUAN USM PKN STAN 2018
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur yang sebesar-besarnya kami ucapkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa atas segala rahmat dan berkat-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan buku ini. Tak lupa terimakasih kami ucapkan juga kepada seluruh Tim Pendidikan Bimbel Stanbrain atas kontribusinya membantu sejak awal hingga proses pembuatan buku dapat sampai ke tangan pembaca sekalian. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 137/PMK.01/2015 tanggal 15 Juli 2015 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Politeknis Keuangan Negara STAN kini nama STAN resmi berubah menjadi Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN (PKN STAN) . Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi kedinasan favorit di Indonesia. Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN pernah memecahkan rekor MURI sebagai perguruan tinggi kedinasan yang memiliki pendaftar sebesar 163.000 peserta apalagi mengingat peserta yang lolos hanya 3000 orang. Melalui buku ini, penyusun berharap materi didalam buku kelak akan menghantarkan pembaca untuk menjadi mahasiswa/i Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN. Seperti halnya kata bijak mengatakan bahwa “butuh kerja keras yang penuh untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal” , kami sangat mengharapkan buku ini juga menjadi wadah bagi pembaca untuk melatih diri dalam menjawab soal-soal terkait USM PKN STAN. Akhir kata, kami menyadari bahwa walaupun kami telah berusaha menulis buku ini dengan sebaik-baiknya, namun masih terdapat beberapa kekurangan k ekurangan karena kesempurnaan hanya milik Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa. Maka dengan segala hormat, kritik dan saran tak henti kami harapkan dari pembaca sekalian sebagai bahan renungan kami untuk perbaikan dan peningkatan pada edisi selanjutnya.
Tangerang, 10 Oktober 2017
(Tim Penyusun Buku)
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................................................ DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................................................................... (TES POTENSI AKADEMIK)
BAB 1 SINONIM, SIN ONIM, ANTONIM, PADANAN KATA, ANALOGI ................................................................ ... BAB 2 WACANA......................................................... ................................................................. ......................... BAB 3 BILANGAN BULAT DAN PECAHAN ............................................................... .................................... BAB 4 AKAR PANGKAT RASIONAL ............................................................................................................... BAB 5 BIDANG DATAR DAN BANGUN RUANG ................................................................ .......................... BAB 6 PERSAMAAN DAN PERTIDAKSAMAAN ................................................................ .......................... BAB 7 WAKTU, JARAK, DAN KECEPATAN .................................................................................................. BAB 8 PELUANG DAN UMUR ........................................................................................................................... BAB 9 STATISTIKA ............................................................ ................................................................. .............. BAB 10 HITUNG DAGANG DAN PERSENTASE........................................................................................... PERSENTASE ........................................................................................... BAB 11 PERBANDINGAN, SKALA, DAN KESEBANGUNAN SERTA HIMPUNAN ............................... BAB 12 LOGICAL REASONING (ANALISA (AN ALISA ARGUMEN) ............................................................. .............. BAB 13 ANALYTICAL REASONING REASONING .............................................................................................................. BAB 14 POLA BARISAN BILANGAN DAN HURUF ............................................................ ......................... BAB 15 BARIS DAN DERET ARITMATIKA .............................................................. .................................... BAB 16 DERET GAMBAR .................................................................................................................................... GAMBAR .................................................................................................................................... (TES BAHASA INGGRIS)
CHAPTER 1 TO BE AND PRONOUN ................................................................. ............................................... CHAPTER 2 TENSES........................................................................................................................................... CHAPTER 3 PASSIVE VOICE ........................................................................................................................... CHAPTER 4 CLAUSE .......................................................................................................................................... CHAPTER 5 DERIVATIVES AND QUESTION TAQ .................................................................................. CHAPTER 6 PREFERENCE AND COMPARISON ....................................................... .................................... CHAPTER 7 PARALLELISM, ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES, AND CONCORDANCE................................. CHAPTER 8 MODALS AND PREPOSITION .............................................................. .................................... CHAPTER 9 INFINITIVE AND GERUND ....................................................... ............................................... CHAPTER 10 PARTICIPLE AND APPOSITIVE ............................................................................................. CHAPTER 11 CONDITIONAL SENTENCE AND SUBJUNTIVE ............................................................ ... CHAPTER 12 INVERSION, REDUDANCY, AND CAUSATIVE ............................................................... ... CHAPTER 13 MATERI CAPITA SELECTA ..................................................................................................... CHAPTER 14 REPORTED SPEECH ........................................................... ......................................................... CHAPTER 15 READING COMPREHENSION ............................................................. ....................................
TES POTENSI AKADEMIK (TPA)
SINONIM, ANTONIM, PADANAN KATA, ANALOGI BAB 1 1. SINONIM
Sinonim adalah kata yang mempunyai arti paling mendekati atau memiliki makna sama. Contoh Soal:
INSOMNIA = … A. Ragu-ragu B. Tidak bisa tidur C. Cemas D. Tidur Kunci Jawaban: B. Tidak bisa tidur Didalam KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Insomnia merupakan keadaan dimana seseorang tidak dapat istirahat karena gangguan jiwa). Maka arti yang paling mendekati adalah jawaban tidak bisa tidur. 2. ANTONIM
Antonim adalah kata yang berlawanan makna dengan kata lain. Contoh Soal: INSOMNIA ≠ … A. Ragu-ragu B. Tidak bisa tidur C. Cemas D. Tidur Kunci Jawaban: D. Tidur Setelah mengetahui bahwa sinonim dari INSOMNIA adalah Tidak bisa tidur maka itu berarti antonimnya adalah Tidur. (hati-hati pada soal antonim, biasanya peserta sering lalai atau lupa bahwa soalnya adalah soal antonim yang berarti berlawanan kata dan terjebak pada kata sinonim) 3. PADANAN KATA
Padanan kata adalah kata yang hampir sama dengan makna sinonim hanya saja pertanyaan didalam soal biasanya berhubungan dengan kata yang menyerupai kata kiasan, kata asing, atau sebuah kata yang samar-samar diketahui banyak orang. Contoh Soal:
DIMENSI : … A. Ruang B. Bentuk C. Ukuran D. Tempat Kunci Jawaban: C. Ukuran
Didalam KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, DIMENSI merupakan bagian dari panjang, lebar, tinggi, luas, dan sebagainya). Maka yang sangat padan atau berhubungan dengan hal itu adalah ukuran. 4. ANALOGI
Analogi adalah hubungan antara kata yang satu dengan kata yang lain. Biasanya kata-kata tersebut memiliki hubungan yang sama. Contoh Soal: Kuman : Penyakit = ... : … A. Terang : Gelap B. Kenyang : Lapar C. Api : Kebakaran D. Ngantuk : Risau Kunci Jawaban: C. Api : Kebakaran Api dan kuman merupakan sebuah penyebab. Kuman K uman menyebabkan penyakit, sedangkan api menyebabkan kebakaran. Kesimpulan 1: Jika dalam pilihan jawaban ada lebih dari satu pilihan yang memiliki kemiripan hubungan dengan soal, maka carilah pendekatan hubungan yang lebih sempit. Kesimpulan 2: Apabila masih belum menemukan jawaban maka pikirkanlah makna lain dari kata-kata tersebut selain dari arti yang umum
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 1
C. D. E.
SINONIM (Soal Nomor 1-2)
1.
ELUSIF A. Sulit dikendalikan B. Sulit dijangkau C. Sulit dievaluasi D. Sulit dipahami E. Sulit dilakukan
(USM STAN 2014 : 11)
7.
(USM STAN 2014 : 4)
2.
KOMPULASI A. Penghitungan Penghitungan dengan komputer B. Kumpulan tulisan yang teratur C. Ikhtisar karangan ilmiah lengkap D. Kumpulan informasi yang rumit E. Perbuatan tidak logis secara sadar
ANALOGI (Soal Nomor 8-10)
8.
ANTONIM (Soal Nomor 3-4)
GAMANG A. Takut B. Khawatir C. Gayat D. Berani E. Tepat (USM STAN 2013 : 14)
4.
TERUK A. Buruk B. Cantik C. Berat D. Ringan E. Parah (USM STAN 2013 : 15)
PADANAN KATA (Soal Nomor 5-7)
5.
ATMA A. Sukma B. Lestari C. Waktu D. Raga E. Mati (USM STAN 2014 : 7)
6.
ANCOL A. Bendungan B. Tanjung
MENYURAI A. Menyisir B. Menyapu C. Menekankan D. Membubarkan E. Menyurat (USM STAN 2013 : 9)
(USM STAN 2013 : 4)
3.
Pantai Selat Laut
DRAMA : PROLOG = … A. Dokumen : Mukadimah B. Karya Tulis : Abstrak C. Buku : Resensi D. Film : Trailer E. Lagu : Syair (USM STAN 2014 : 17)
9.
IDENTITAS : NAMA = TUBUH : … A. Tinggi B. Sehat C. Mata D. Raga E. Jiwa (USM STAN 2014 : 22)
10. CAKRAM : BUNDAR = …. A. Koin : Pipih B. Kertas : Tipis C. Kartu : Petak D. Lingkaran : Bulat E. Tabung : Silinder (USM STAN 2013 : 24)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. .......
WACANA BAB 2 Wacana terdiri atas satu atau lebih dari satu paragraf. Bagian ini menguji kemampuan anda dalam memahami, menginterpretasikan dan menganalisa bacaan pada bagian topik. Pertanyaan yang biasa ditanyakan pada wacana antara lain: ✓ Ide pokok, gagasan utama atau judul yang cocok dari bacaan ✓ Informasi langsung yang terdapat dalam bacaan ✓ Informasi tersirat, terkesan atau yang dapat disimpulkan ✓ Mengemukakan aplikasi terhadap ide penulis ✓ Mengevaluasi bagaimana penulis membangun dan menyajikan bacaan ✓ Mengemukakan gaya bahasa atau sifat dari bacaan A. Ide Pokok Ide pokok merupakan suatu pernyataan tersirat yang mewakili keseluruhan wacana. Dari ide pokok kita dapat menentukan judul bacaan. Cara mencari ide pokok: • Membaca kalimat pertama setiap paragraf • Membaca kalimat terakhir pada paragraf terakhir B. Kalimat Utama Kalimat utama biasanya terdapat pada kalimat pertama paragraf (paragraf deduktif), atau kalimat terakhir pada paragraf (paragraf induktif) atau campuran keduanya (paragraf campuran). Cara mencari kalimat utama: • Membaca kalimat pertama dan kalimat terakhir paragraf • Apabila masih belum menemukan juga (atau kurang yakin), silahkan baca kalimat kedua. Apabila kalimat kedua menjelaskan sesuatu mengenai kalimat pertama, berarti kalimat utamanya terletak pada kalimat pertama. Apabila kalimat kedua tidak menjelaskan satu hal pun berkaitan dengan kalimat pertama, berarti kalimat utamanya terdapat pada kalimat terakhir paragraf. C. Kesimpulan Kesimpulan biasanya terletak pada akhir wacana. Tapi dalam wacana tertentu, kesimpulan dapat diartikan sebagai ide pokok atau sesuatu hal yang pasti dan benar dan mewakili seluruh wacana. TIPS & TRIK MENGERJAKAN SOAL WACANA; ➢ Garis bawahi kalimat pertama pada setiap paragraf serta kalimat terakhir pada paragraf terakhir ➢ Mendahulukan untuk membaca soal daripada membaca paragraf ➢ Pahami bacaan dengan cepat, jangan membuang-buang waktu. ➢ Sering-sering latihan mengerjakan soal wacana baik melalui latihan soal tryout maupun melalui soal-soal usm stan tahun-tahun sebelumnya.
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 2
Untuk soal nomor 1-4, gunakan informasi bacaan ini!
Rata-rat Rata -rataa karies, pembusukan pembusukan atau perusakan pada gigi, dikenal juga juga dengan istilah Decay Missing FillingTeeth/DMF-T, di Indonesia adalah adalah antara antar a 6,44 dan 7,8. Sedangkan indeks DMF-T yang telah ditetapkan ditet apkan oleh WHO hanya berhenti di angka 3. Jika tidak ditangani, penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan nyeri, nyeri, penanggalan gigi, infeksi, infeksi, dan berbagai kasus kasus berbahaya, termasuk kematian. Kini karies gigi telah menjadi penyakit yang tersebar di seluruh dunia. Perhatian dan permasalanan mengenai karies akar telah meningkat pada dekade terakhir ini. Diperkirakan bahwa 90% anak-anak usia sekolah di seluruh dunia dan sebagian besar orang dewasa pernah menderita karies. Tingkat penderlta tertinggi berada di Asia dan Amerika Latin. Peningkatan karies banyak dipengaruhi perubahan dari pola makan. Di samping itu, kesadaran masyarakat untuk datang d atang berobat ke fasilitasfasilit astasilitas layanan kesehatan pun rendah. Menurut Liza Ramdhani Wiyonoputri, pakar dari Dentist Gallery, 87% masyarakat yang mengeluh sakit gigi tldak berobat sama sekali, atau sekitar 12 persen masyarakat yang mengeluh mengeluh sakit gigi dan datang berobat sudah sudah dalam keadaan terlambat. terlamba t. Struktur Struk tur gigi yang telah rusak tidak dapat sembuh sempurna, walaupun walaupun remineralisasi pada karies karies yang sangat kecil dapat timbul jika kebersihan dapat benar-benar dipertahankan. Untuk kasus tertentu yang relatif masih kecil, karies karies dapat diobati dengan florida topikal untuk untu k merangsang merangsang remineralisasi. remineralisasi. Untuk lesi yang besar dapat diberikan perawatan khusus. Perawatan ini bertujuan untuk menjaga struktur stru ktur lainnya dan mencegah perusakan lebih lanjut. Ekstraksi atau ata u pencabutan gigi juga menjadi pilihan perawatan karies bila gigi tersebut telah hancur karena proses proses perlubangan. perlubangan. 1. Yang dimaksud dengan ‘lesi’ pada pada paragraf 3 bacaan di atas adalah ... A. Pemakaian obat berlebih B. Dampak pengobatan karies C. Sakit yang yang disebabkan karies D. Gigi yang terkena karies 2. Topik yang tepat untuk bacaan di atas adalah adalah ... A. Berbagai metode penyembuhan karies B. Karies adalah salah satu penyakit yang berbahaya C. Karies merupakan penyakit penyakit gigi paling mematikan D. Kepedulian masyarakat masyarakat yang rendah dalam menangani karies 3. Hal yang tidak diuraikan pada bacaan bacaan di atas adalah ... A. Penyebab munculnya karies B. Pengertian karies C. Penanganan terhadap masalah karies D. Sikap masyarakat dalam menghadapi menghadapi karies 4. Yang merupakan fakta dari bacaan di atas adalah ... A. Rendahnya mutu pelayanan kesehatan membuat masyarakat masyarakat enggan berobat B. 90% anak-anak usia sekolah di seluruh dunia pernah mengalami karies C. Angka kematian yang disebabkan oleh karies cukup cukup tinggi D. Kebanyakan orang sering mengabaikan mengabaikan sakit gigi (USM STAN 2011 : 26-29)
Untuk soal nomor 5-7, gunakan informasi bacaan ini!
Perlindungan terhadap anak-anak telah ditetapkan dalam Konvensi PBB tentang hak-hak anak. Konvensi ini pada intinya mengharuskan tiap negara mengakui keberadaan media massa dan menjamin hak anak memperoleh informasi, mengakui hak anak memperoleh pendidikan, menghindarkan mereka dari eksploitasi secara ekonomi, kekerasan seksual, dan penyalahgunaan narkoba. Sekjen PBB Ban KiMoon, dalam sambutan tertulisnya pada peringatan Hari Telekomunikasi dan Masyarakat Informasi Sedunia ke-144, kembali mengingatkan hak-hak anak dan menghimbau setiap stakeholder pertelekomunikasian dan ICT (information and comunicatio technology) disetiap negara untuk mengambil langkah-langkah yang memungkinkan anak-anak dan generasi muda dapat aman mengakses internet dan sumber-sumber online lainnya di dunia maya. Karena
dengan cara itu, akan membuat mereka tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi menjadi generasi yang lebih produktif dan kreatif. 5. Ide pokok bacaan tersebut adalah … A. Setiap negara harus mempunyai undang-undang undang-undang perlindungan anak B. Tumbuh kembang anak menjadi tanggung jawab setiap negara C. Himbauan PBB terhadap perlindungan anak di dunia maya D. Peran serta PBB dalam perlindungan anak di dunia maya 6. Pernyataan yang tidak mendukung bacaan tersebut adalah … A. Diperlukan kerja sama antar negara dalam melindungi keamanan anak-anak dalam mengakses informasi di dunia maya B. Internet memengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak C. Diperlukan peraturan tentang pembatasan usia bagi pengguna internet D. Kejahatan di dunia maya terhadap anak merupakan hal yang perlu diperhatikan 7. Yang termasuk stakeholder pertelekomunikasian adalah … A. Konsumen B. Penyedia konten C. Jasa teknologi informasi D. Produsen handphone (USM STAN 2009 : 33-35)
Untuk soal nomor 8-10, gunakan informasi bacaan ini!
Ketika masalah industri film layar lebar menjadi bahan pembicaraan di kalangan insan perfilman, dan masyarakat meributkan tidak adanya film Indonesia di bioskop-bioskop, diam-diam film Indonesia Bulan Tertusuk Ilalang justru membawa nama Indonesia di kalangan perfilman dunia. Film yang diproduksi dengan biaya dari Dewan Film Nasional itu tanpa diduga berhasil menjadi menjadi salah satu nominator yang akan bertanding
di kategori “International Competition” pada “Tokyo International Film Festeval”. Film Bulan Tertusuk Ilalang berhasil menjadi nominator setelah bersaing dengan 223 film dari 44 negara lainnya. 8. Tema wacana di atas adalah … A. Film nasional menembus perfilman internasional B. Film Indonesia mampu menghasilkan 223 film dunia C. Film Indonesia pertama yang mendapat nominasi D. Bulan Tertusuk Ilalang film Indonesia terbaik 9. Berdasarkan wacana di atas yang termasuk insan perfilman adalah … , kecuali A. Pemain film B. Sutradara film C. Industri film D. Produser film 10. Yang dimaksud dengan kelesuan industri film berdasarkan wacana di atas adalah … A. Film Indonesia tidak diproduksi B. Film Indonesia kurang diproduksi C. Film Indonesia tidak diputar di bioskop D. Film Indonesia tidak dapat bersaing demgan film-film luar negeri (USM STAN 2008 : 6-8)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ......
BILANGAN DAN PECAHAN BAB 3
A. Bilangan • • • • •
Bilangan bulat adalah bilangan yang terdiri atas bilangan bulat positif, bilangan nol, dan bilangan bulat negatif. Contoh : {…, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, …} Bilangan cacah adalah bilangan bulat positif yang diawali dari angka 0 (nol) sampai tidak terhingga. Contoh : {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …} Bilangan asli adalah bilangan bulat positif yang diawali dengan angka 1 (satu) sampai tidak terhingga. Contoh : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …} Bilangan prima adalah bilangan bulat positif yang hanya dapat dibagi dengan angka 1 dan dirinya sendiri. Contoh : {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, …} Bilangan rasional adalah bilangan yang dapat d apat dinyatakan sebagai sesuatu pembagian antara dua bilangan bulat. Hal ini dapat dinyatakan sebagai a/b dimana a dan b adalah bilangan bulat. Contoh : {3/4 , 1/2 , 4/3 , …}
B. Pecahan
1.
2.
Operasi Pecahan a. Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan
± c = +c b. Perkalian x c = c c. Pembagian : c = x c = c Pecahan Desimal
p b. Per seratus : 0, pq =
a. Per sepuluh : 0, p =
Contoh Soal: USM STAN 2013 Jika p = 12 + 2 + 21 dan q = ( × 1
) : 1 maka nilai p + q = … A. 36 B. 36 C. 36 D. 36 E. 36 Kunci Jawaban: B. 36 p = 12 + 2 + 21 = 35 , sedangkan q = ( × ) × =
p + q = 35 + = atau kalau disederhanakan menjadi Maka, p + q = 36
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 3 1.
Jika
=2 5
dan y = 4 a2 + 1 dengan a
adalah bilangan asli maka … A. x < y B. x = y C. x = ½ y D. x > y E. Hubungan x dan dan y tidak tidak dapat ditentukan
B. C. D.
(USM STAN 2007 : 45)
7.
(USM STAN 2014 : 49)
2. Diketahui a dan b adalah bilangan positif . Jika X= dan y = maka … A. x < y B. x= C. x=y D. x>y E. Hubungan x dan y tidak dapat ditentukan
√ √ √ y
(USM STAN 2014 : 52)
3.
A =
B =
C =
dari 64, dari 40 dan dari 100, maka pernyataan berikut yang salah
adalah … A. A=B B. C>A C. A – B + C = C D. × C = C E. A+B>C
Jika
= √ 5 <> =
dengan x dan y anggota
bilangan asli maka … A. B. C. D. Hubungan x dan ditentukan
y tidak
dapat
(USM STAN 2011 : 47)
5.
Jika
+ − = , 4x – y ≠ 0, maka ….
A. x > y B. x < y C. x = y D. Hubungan x dan y tidak dapat ditentukan (USM STAN 2010 : 48)
6.
Jumlah bilangan prima antara angka 40 dan 50 adalah ; A. 131 B. 84 C. 88 D. 90 (USM STAN 2006 : 80)
8. Bilangan yang dapat habis dibagi dengan 3 dan 88 adalah : A. 88.888 B. 88.888.888 C. 8.888.888 D. 888.888 (USM STAN 2006 : 81)
9.
Berapakah bilangan bulat terkecil yang merupakan penjumlahan dari tiga bilangan prima berbeda yang masing – masing besarnya lebih dari 20? A. 73 B. 75 C. 79 D. 83 (USM STAN 2004: 24)
(USM STAN 2013 : 48)
4.
x+y x2 + y x2 – y
Jika x adalah bilangan bulat genap dan y adalah bilangan bulat ganjil, manakah yang berikut ini merupakan bilangan bulat genap ? A. (x2)(y)
10. Seorang pedagang dalam seminggu membeli 0,25 ton beras dan 4,8 kuintal gula serta 61 kg minyak goreng. Secara keseluruhan berat barang yang dibeli pedagang tersebut selama
seminggu dalah … kg. A. 791 B. 566 C. 359 D. 134 (USM STAN 2002: 60)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........
AKAR PANGKAT RASIONAL BAB 4 Bentuk umum dari akar pangkat rasional adalah
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
AA x∶ AA AA−+ AAxB A=AB A: B A = = =
A
. Rumus-rumus tersebut adalah:
=
=1
Bentuk-bentuk Bentuk-bentuk operasi di dalam akar pangkat rasional adalah sebagai berikut : a. Penjumlahan dan pengurangan Bentuk akar yang sejenis dapat dijumlahkan atau dikurangkan. Contoh : a = (a ± b) b. Perkalian bentuk akar
√ n ± b √ n
√ a x √ b = √ abab
√ n
Jika indeksnya berbeda, maka di dalam perkalian bentuk akar lebih baik digunakan pangkat pecahan dengan terlebih dahulu menyamakan penyebut pangkat pecahannya.
√ a x √ a = a x a
Contoh: c. Pembagian bentuk akar
√ = √
Jika indeksnya berbeda, maka di dalam operasi pembagian bentuk akar lebih baik digunakan pangkat pecahan dengan terlebih dahulu menyamakan penyebut pangkat pecahannya.
d.
= Merasionalkan akar Contoh: √ √
Untuk merasionalkan, pecahan tersebut dikalikan dengan penyebutnya.
√ = √ x √ √
Contoh Soal: SOAL USM STAN 2010
+ + + = …
A. 27 B. 24 C. 21 D. 19 Kunci Jawaban: B. 24
+ + + = ( − +)) + + )) = 24 ( ( + = + +
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 4
1.
Jika x =
… A. B. C. D. E.
√ 512512×
dan y =
− − maka
xy Hubungan x dan y tidak dapat ditentukan
B. C. D.
(USM STAN 2010 : 45)
6.
Nilai dari A. B. C. D. E.
4 4 4√ 1616 adalah …
7.
1 2 4 8 16 8.
4 7 10 16 21
− – 16,67% - 0,67 A. B. C. D.
0,167
1/3 1/4 – = 0,333
(USM STAN 2010 : 44)
5.
A.
12.000
1268,0 1268,1 1269,0 1269,1
a− b−
Jika = 256 dan − = 1/12 A. B. . = 1/12 C. : = 1/12 D. 3 = 4
7 8 9 +
A. B. C. D.
maka
= 243 maka …
= n. Nilai n adalah:
15.840 13.824 1.584 1.384
Berapakah A. B. C. D.
=…
+
(USM STAN 2004 : 33)
9.
(USM STAN 2013 : 45)
4.
=…
(USM STAN 2009 : 48)
Jika = 7 dan = 3 nilai adalah …
A. B. C. D. E.
−
(USM STAN 2009 : 47)
(USM STAN 2013 : 38)
3.
56,34 43,66 A. B. C. D.
(USM STAN 2014 : 51)
2.
18.000 24.000 32.000
0,23 0,25 0,27 0,29
×
?
(USM STAN 2004 : 52)
10. Manakah dari angka berikut ini yang
paling mendekati hasil dari A. B. C. D.
5 15 20 25
(USM STAN 2003 : 92)
,,, ,
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. .......
BIDANG DATAR DAN BANGUN RUANG BAB 5
1. Bidang Datar
A.
Luas dan keliling bidang datar ❖
SEGITIGA
Luas = ½ (alas x tinggi) Keliling = jumlah semua sisi ❖
BUJUR SANGKAR
a
Luas = Keliling = 4a ❖
PERSEGI PANJANG
Luas = panjang x lebar Keliling = 2 (panjang + lebar) ❖
TRAPESIUM
Luas = ½ ( jumlah sisi sejajar x tinggi) Keliling = jumlah semua sisi ❖
LINGKARAN
2π π
Luas = dimana r = jari-jari Keliling = r = d dimana d = diameter = 2r B. Segitiga
Jenis-jenis segitiga • Segitiga sama sisi : segitiga yang semua sisinya sama panjang sehingga sudut sudutnya sama besar yaitu 60 • Segitiga sama kaki : segitiga yang dua sisinya sama panjang sehingga kedua sudut di kakinya sama besar • Segitiga siku-siku : segitiga yang salah satu sudutnya 90 .
°
°
2. Bangun Ruang a. Kubus
a
Volume = Luas permukaan = 6 b.
Balok
a
Volume = p x l x t Luas permukaan = 2 (pl + pt + lt) c.
Silinder
πrt π πrt
Volume = Luas permukaan : 2 r ( r + t) d.
Kerucut
Volume = 1/3
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 5
1.
Sebuah tempat penampungan air berbentuk silinder, memiliki tinggi 200 cm dan diameter alas 100 cm. Berapa banyak air yang bisa tertampung di dalam tempat penampungan air ? A. 150 liter B. 155 liter C. 157 liter D. 160 liter E. 165 liter
6.
bawah mempunyai tinggi 4 cm. Kerucut tersebut berisi air hingga seperdelapan bagian saja dari isi penuhnya. Maka kedalaman air pada kerucut tersebut adalah
… cm
A. B. C.
(USM STAN 2013 : 59)
D.
2. Sebuah kubus memiliki volume sebesar 216 cm3. Berapa banyak kubus bersisi 2 cm yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi kubus ? A. 25 B. 26 C. 27 D. 28 E. 29
7.
Luas daerah K,L,M pada gambar ini, K
N
L
M
8.
24 30 36 42
A. B. C. D.
x adalah … 3πx3 cm3 2
πx3 cm3 πx3 cm3 πx3 cm3
(USM STAN 2010 : 57)
5.
9.
Volume bola yang memiliki luas permukaan sebesar
x x x x
Seorang tukang kayu tengah membuat m embuat pigura untuk sebuah lukisan besar. Lukisan tersebut dalam bentuk empat persegi panjang.jika rasio dari empat persegi panjang tersebut adalah 3:2 dengan sisi yang lebih pendek berukuran 15 inci, berapa inci bahankah yang diperlukan oleh tukang kayu tersebut untuk membuat pigura? A. 75 B. 57,5 C. 22,5 D. 22 Sebuah empat persegi panjang lebarnya dinaikkan sebesar 25% tetapi tingginya tidak diubah. Berapakah persentase perubahan luasnya dari luas semula ? A. 125% B. 225% C. 25% D. 75%
(USM STAN 2010 : 63)
Paulus berdiri 180 meter lurus disebelah utara titik P, Fredi berdiri 240 meter lurus disebelah barat titik P, berapakah berapakah jarak terdekat antara Fredi dan Paulus ?
A. B. C. D.
Suatu lingkaran memiliki luas cm2. Berapa cm keliling lingkaran tersebut?
A. B. C. D.
(USM STAN 2007 : 71)
(USM STAN 2011 : 64)
4.
1 1 2
(USM STAN 2008 : 74)
secara berturut-turut adalah 80cm2, 128cm2, dan 48cm2, maka luas daerah N adalah … cm 2
A. B. C. D.
(USM STAN 2009 : 69)
(USM STAN 2013 : 68)
3.
Sebuah kerucut seperti pada gambar di
900 meter 60 meter 300 meter 420 meter
(USM STAN 2006 : 52)
10. Luas sebuah lingkaran adalah 49 π. Berapakah keliling lingkaran tersebut? A. 10 π B. 14 π C. 28 π D. 49 π (USM STAN 2005 : 96)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. .......
PERSAMAAN DAN PERTIDAKSAMAAN BAB 6
1.
PERSAMAAN
Persamaan adalah kalimat terbuka yang menyatakan hubungan sama dengan. Persamaan dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa bentuk, yaitu : ❖ Persamaan linear ❖ Persamaan kuadrat ❖ Persamaan tingkat tinggi Terdapat beberapa macam cara menyelesaikan sistem persamaan : ❖ Metode eliminasi ❖ Metode substitusi A. Persamaan Linear Adalah suatu persamaan yang mempunyai variabel (peubah) berpangkat satu ) Dimana : ➢ A dan b = bilangan yang diketahui ➢ x = variabel ( peubah ) Untuk mengetahui besarnya variabel dari persamaan dapat digunakan rumus berikut (x =
axb=0
.
)
Contoh : 5x + 2 = 0 maka x = -2/5 B. Persamaan Linear dengan dua variabel (peubah) Bentuk umum : (ax + by = c) Dimana : ➢ a = koefisien X ➢ b = koefisien Y ➢ x, y = variabel (peubah) Setiap nilai x dan y dapat diganti dengan sembarang bilangan, akan diperoleh pasangan bilangan x dan y yang tidak terhingga. Pasangan bilangan pengganti x dan y dalam bentuk himpunan disebut Himpunan Penyelesaian {HP}. Cara menyelesaikan sistem persamaan dengan dua peubah; METODE ELIMINASI
Contoh : Persamaan 1» 2x + 3y = 7 Persamaan 2» 7x – 2y = 12 < Dikalikan 2 > Maka, 14x + 21y = 49 14x - 4y = 24 25y = 25 y = 1 Kemudian masukan y = 1 ke salah satu persamaan, persamaan, misal 2x + 3y = 7
2x + 3(1) = 7 2x = 4, maka x = 2 Jadi HP {2,1} METODE SUBSTITUSI
Contoh: Persamaan 1» 2x + 3y = 7 Persamaan 2» 7x – 2y = 12 Dari persamaan 1 didapat x = ( 7-3x ) / 2 Kemudian substitusi ke persamaan 2 7x – 2y = 12 7(7 - 3y) / 2 – 2y = 12 (49 - 21y) / 2 – 2y =12 kemudian kedua sisi kali 2 agar pembaginya hilang 49 – 21y – 4y = 24 -25y = 24 – 49 -25y = - 25, Maka y = 1 lalu, y = 1 substitusi kesalahsatu persamaan tuk mencari nilai x, misal ke persamaan 1 2x + 3(1) = 7 2x + 3 = 7, Maka x = 2 Jadi HP {2,1} 2.
PERTIDAKSAMAAN
Pertidaksamaan merupakan kalimat terbuka yang menyatakan hubungan tidak sama dengan atau dilambangkan dengan notasi { < , > , Di dalam pertidaksamaan terdapat batasanbatasan sebagai berikut : Suatu bilangan dikatakan lebih besar dari bilangan b, jika selisih antara a dan b mempunyai nilai positif atau lebih besar dari nol demikian juga sebaliknya ✓ Bila a > b , maka a- b > 0, sebaliknya ✓ Bila a – b > 0, maka a > 0 Suatu bilangan a dikatakan lebih kecil dari bilangan b, jika selisih antara a dan b mempunyai nilai negatif demikian juga sebaliknya. ✓ Bila a < b, maka a- b < 0 ✓ Bila a- b < 0 , maka a
≤,≥} ≤, ≥} .
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 6 1.
Pardi mempunyai 48 karung gula di tokonya dengan berat masing – masing karung adalah sama. Pardi kemudian mengirim 3/8 gulanya ke Toko Clingcing dan 2/5 gulanya ke Toko Papaho. Jika di Toko Pardi masih tersedia 1728 Kg Gula, Berapa berat setiap karung semula ? A. 160 B. 155 C. 140 D. 120 E. 96
menjadi sama banyaknya. Jumlah uang
Riri dan Aan semula adalah … A. Rp320.000,00 B. Rp480.000,00 C. Rp540.000,00 D. Rp640.000,00 (USM STAN 2010 : 58)
6.
(USM STAN 2014 : 60)
2.
Pabrik X memiliki 3 mesin pembuat keramik yaitu, A, B dan C. Jika ketiga mesin bekerja dapat memproduksi 236 keramik/hari. Suatu hari mesin C rusak sehingga jumlah produksi berkurang tiap hari. Jika produksi mesin B dan C 152 keramik/hari maka ... A. Mesin A memproduksi 74 keramik B. Mesin B memproduksi 84 keramik C. Mesin A dan C memproduksi 158 keramik D. Rata-rata produksi tiap mesin 79 keramik
mesin Z adalah … A. 90 B. 84 C. 73 D. 62 (USM STAN 2010 : 59)
7.
(USM STAN 2011 : 75)
3.
Pesanan y lusin baju diselesaikan diselesaikan x orang pekerja konveksi dalam waktu 18 hari. Berapa orang jumlah pekerja yang harus ditambah agar pesanan tersebut dapat selesai dalam 12 hari ?
A. B. C. D. 2x
(USM STAN 2008 : 66)
8.
9.
Jika -102x + 17y = 136, maka nilai 66x –
11y = … A. -88 B. -48 C. 48 D. 88
Jika a = 2 dan b = 5 serta c = a2 + 2ab + b2; berapakah c – ab? A. 39 B. 41 C. 43 D. 44 Jika X+Y+Z = 350, dan X+Y =100, maka: A. Z lebih besar X B. Z lebih kecil daripada X C. Z sama dengan X D. Antara Z dan X tidak dapat ditentukan hubungannya (USM STAN 2003 : 39)
(USM STAN 2009 : 62)
5.
Jika 3x + 5y = 27 dan 2x + 5y = 23, maka x dan y masing- masing adalah … A. 3 dan 4 B. 4 dan 3 C. 4 dan 5 D. 5 dan 4
(USM STAN 2004 : 49)
(USM STAN 2011 : 76)
4.
Sebuah pabrik mempunyai tiga buah mesin X,Y, dan Z yang digunakan untuk membuat lampu neon. Jika ketiganya bekerja, maka akan dihasilkan 249 lampu per hari. Jika X dan Y bekerja, tetapi Z tidak, dihasilkan 159 lampu per hari. Jika hanya Y dan Z yang bekerja, dihasilkan 147 lampu per hari. Produksi harian
Selisih uang Riri dan Aan adalah Rp80.000,00. Jika Riri memberikan uangnya kepada Aan maka uang mereka
10. Jika a = ½ b, maka b+2 = A. a/2 B. a C. 2a+2 D. 2a (USM STAN 2003 : 41)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. .......
WAKTU, JARAK, DAN KECEPATAN BAB 7 A.
Hubungan antara waktu, jarak, dan kecepatan dIrumuskan dengan :
=
= .
=
Keterangan : s = jarak yang ditempuh (m), v = kecepatan (m/s), t = waktu yang digunakan digunakan (s) B.
Kasus-kasus yang penting 1. B menyusul A A’ A
B’
B
…………. Jika A dan B bergerak dari tempat yang sama, maka : Sa = Sb va. ta = vb. tb va (tb + = vb. tb (dimana merupakan selisih waktu)
∆t
∆
2. A dan B saling mendekati
B’ A
B
A’
Sa + Sb = AB Va . ta + Vb . tb = AB C.
Kecepatan rata-rata
D.
Waktu Total Misal : si A menyelesaikan sebuah pekerjaan dalam waktu ta dan si B menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang sama dalam waktu tb. Waktu total si A dan si B bekerja bersama adalah tab dan dirumuskan:
v1. t 1v2. t 2 V = s1s2 a t au V = t1t2 t1t2 =
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 7
1.
Sebuah bus wisata melakukan perjalanan dari kota A ke kota B yang berjarak 120 Km dengan kecepatan rata-rata 50 Km/jam. Kemudian bus tersebut kembali lagi dari kota B ke kota A dengan rute yang sama. Total waktu perjalanan adalah 5 jam 24 menit. Kecepatan ratarata bus tersebut pada saat menuju ke kota A adalah … A. 60 km/jam B. 50 km/jam C. 48 km/jam D. 40 km/jam E. 35 km/jam
kecepatan 36km/jam maka ia akan sampai 10 menit lebih awal. Berapa jarak tempuh rumah Abu ke kantor ? A. 32,5 km B. 3 km C. 30 km D. 27 km (USM STAN 2011 : 66)
5.
Heri tepat menyusul Zaenal adalah …. WIB. A. 11.39 B. 11.42 C. 11.45 D. 11.49
(USM STAN 2013 : 60)
2.
Eko mudik lebaran dengan naik sepeda motor menempuh jarak 240 km. Pada perjalanan awal kecepatan rata-rata motornya adalah 50 km/jam. Setelah itu ia meningkatkan kecepatan rata-rata motornya sebesar 60%. Jika ia berangkat pukul 06.30 maka Eko akan sampai ke tempat tujuan pada pukul … A. 09.30 B. 09.42 C. 10.06 D. 10.12 E. 11.18
1⁄3
(USM STAN 2010 : 65)
6.
(USM STAN 2013 : 74)
3.
B. C. D.
7.
y=
xx =< yy
Hubungan x dan y tidak dapat ditentukan
(USM STAN 2011 : 48)
4.
Waktu di kota A adalah 3 jam lebih cepat dariada waktu di kota B. Sebuah pesawat terbang berangkat dari kota A menuju kota B pada pukul 5 pagi dan tiba di kota B 4 jam kemudian. Pada pukul berapa pesawat tersebut tiba di kota B waktu setempat? A. 9 pagi B. 6 pagi C. 4 pagi D. 3 pagi (USM STAN 2008 : 94)
Bani bersepeda dari kota X ke kota Y dengan kecepatan 40km/jam kemudian kembali lagi ke kota X dengan kecepatan 20 km/jam. Jika x adalah kecepatan rata-rata bersepeda Bani dan
26A. kxm/j> yam maka …
Kecepatan Heri berlari adalah tiga kali kecepatan Zainal berjalan. Zainal menyelesaikan menyelesaikan ujian pukul 11.30 WIB dan kemudian berjalan pulang. Jika Heri menyelesaikan menyelesaikan ujian pukul 11.36 WIB dan kemudian berlari mengejar Zaenal, pukul
Jika abu memacu motornya dari rumah ke kantor dengan kecepatan 24km/jam maka ia akan terlambat 15 menit, tetapi jika ia memacu motornya dengan
Si Amir mengemudi mobil menempuh jarak 735 km dalam dalam waktu waktu lima hari. Hari pertama ia menempuh 185 km, hari kedua 95 km, hari ketiga 120 km, dan hari keempat 175 km. berapa kilometerkah jarak jarak yang ditempuh pada hari kelima ? A. 170km B. 150 km C. 180 km D. 160 km (USM STAN 2006 : 68)
8.
Rumah Andi jaraknya 11/2 km dari kantornya. Bila ia berjalan rata – rata
41/2km per jam, berapa jamkah yang dibutuhkannya untuk berjalan pulang pergi selama satu minggu bila ia bekerja dari Senin sampai Sabtu dan tidak pernah makan siang di rumah pada hari kerja? A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 20 (USM STAN 2004 : 37)
9.
Siti melihat pementasan drama selama ¾ jam. Jika pementsan direncanakan selama 16/8 jam yang dimulai pada pukul 19.00, jam berapakah pementasan tersebut berakhir ? A. 20.00
B. C. D.
20.15 20.30 20.45
(USM STAN 2003 : 56)
10. Sebuah bus menempuh perjalanan dari kota P ke kota Q dengan kecepatan ratarata 40 km per jam dan kembali dengan kecepatan rata-rata 60 km per jam. Jika jarak dari P ke kota Q adalah 120 km, berapakah kecepatan rata-rata per jam untuk seluruh perjalanan? A. 46 B. 48 C. 50 D. 52 (USM STAN 2001 : 39)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ......
PELUANG DAN UMUR BAB 8
A. PELUANG
1. Faktorial Bentuk umum faktorial dinyatakan dengan notasi n! (dibaca n faktorial) n ! = n n-1 . n-2 . n-3 n-3 …..
2. Permutasi dan Kombinasi a. Permutasi Permutasi adalah suatu cara penyusunan unsur-unsur dari sekumpulan unsur yang berbeda dengan memperhatikan urutannya.
Rumus : ➢
nPk −! , n≥n ≥ k,n,k ,n,k∈∈ C =
Permutasi dengan beberapa unsur yang sama dari n objek terdapat n ₁ objek yang sama, n₂ objek yang sama dan seterusnya, maka: maka:
➢
Permutasi siklis Banyak permutasi siklis dari n unsur adalah :
P n;n₁ ,n₂ ,… ,!. . .
PsPs n = n 1!
b. Kombinasi Kombinasi adalah pencacahan (urutan) yang mungkin dari elemen-elemen suatu himpunan dengan tidak memperhatikan urutannya.
Rumus :
nCr=C n,rn, r = !−−! ! , 0
3. Peluang Peluang terjadinya A dalam suatu percobaan yang menghasilkan ruang sampel s adalah :
PA = S
B. UMUR
Strategi mengerjakan soal-soal USM STAN yang berhubungan dengan perbandingan umur yaitu dengan membuat model model persamaan kemudian diselesaikan dengan dengan metode eliminasi atau substitusi. Contoh: Sepuluh tahun yang lalu usia Al adalah sepertiga dari usianya sekarang. Lima belas tahun yang akan datang perbandingan usia El dan usia Al adalah 3 : 5. Berapa tahunkah usia El 5 tahun yang akan datang? A. 15 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40 Penyelesaian: Misal; Usia Al sekarang = A, dan usia El sekarang = E Usia Al 10 tahun lalu = A - 10
Usia Al 5 tahun akan datang = A + 5 Usia El 5 tahun akan datang = E + 5
A (dari kalimat 1) + Persamaan 2 » E + = (dari kalimat 2) Persamaan 1 » A – 10 = A (dikalikan 3 kedua sisi)
Persamaan 1 » A - 10 =
Maka, 3A - 30 = A 2A = 30 A = 15 tahun
Usia Al 15 tahun akan datang adalah 15 + 15 = 30 tahun
E ++ = maka E + =
50 = 3 45 , 3 = = 150 45, 3 = = 105, =
1
Jadi usia El 5 tahun t ahun akan datang adalah 35 + 5 = 40 tahun.
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 8 1.
Delapan tahun yang lalu usia Candra “c” adalah seperlima usianya sekarang. Jika Usia Dani “d” sekarang dua kali usia nya tahun lalu maka … A. B. C. D. E.
6.
c > 5d 5c < d 5c = d c = 5d c > 5d
(USM STAN 2014 : 55)
Suatu kelas terdiri dari 42 siswa, 1/3 dari seluruh siswa itu menyukai olahraga ber enang, 1/6 nya menyukai berenang dan sepakbola, dan 18 orang lainnya tidak menyukai kedua olahraga tersebut. Berapa orang yang hanya menyukai sepakbola? A. 7 B. 10 C. 17 D. 38 (USM STAN 2010 : 51)
2.
Pada sebuah rak terdapat 2 kardus yang masing masing berisi satu lusin minuman. Kardus pertama terdiri dari 8 minuman rasa jeruk dan 4 minuman rasa leci leci sedangkan apda kardus kedua, kedua rasa tersebut memiliki jumlah yang sama. Apabila ada pembeli yang membeli minuman rasa Leci, Berapa peluang terambilnya minuman dari kardus kedua ? A. 3/5 B. 1/2 C. 1/4 D. 1/5 E. 1/6
7.
(USM STAN 2010 : 61)
8.
(USM STAN 2014 : 74)
3.
Nia berumur 14 tahun pada setahun yang lalu. Jika umur Yanti 7 tahun mendatang adalah 22
tahun, maka selisih umur mereka adalah … tahun. A. -2 B. -1 C. 0 D. 1 E. 2 Dari 7 orang anggota akan dipilih pasangan untuk menghadiri rapat jamuan perusahaan induk. Berapa banyaknya pasangan yang mungkin terjadi ? A. 5.040 B. 720 C. 42 D. 21 (USM STAN 2011 : 60)
5.
Bu Eman yang berusia x tahun melahirkan anaknya pada tahun ini. Berapa tahun lagi usia Bu Eman tiga kali usia anaknya?
A. B. C. D.
2
(USM STAN 2011 : 78)
Dalam suatu ruangan terdapat 47 orang. Berapa banyak salaman yang dilakukan jika setiap orang saling bersalaman? A. 728 B. 981 C. 1081 D. 1128 (USM STAN 2009 : 75)
9.
(USM STAN 2013 : 58)
4.
Sebuah kantung berisi 55 kelereng hitam, 60 kelereng putih, dan beberapa kelereng abuabu. Jika diambil satu kelereng dari kantung tersebut, nilai kemungkinan terambilnya kelereng abu-abu adalah . Banyaknya kelereng abu-abu dalam kantung adalah … butir. A. 135 B. 125 C. 15 D. 105
Suatu kelompok belajar mempunyai anggota 7 orang. Apabila setiap belajar semua anggota kelompok duduk dengan posisi melingkar, banyaknya cara untuk mengatur posisi duduk
anggota kelompok tersebut adalah … A. B. C.
720 1440 2520
D. 5040 (USM STAN 2009 : 73)
10.
Dalam sebuah kelas, 25 mahasiswa mempunyai nama yang dimulai dengan huruf A hingga M, dan 35 mahasiswa dimulai dengan huruf N hingga Z. Berapakah probabilitas bahwa sebuah nama yang diambil secara acak dimulai dengan huruf A hingga M? A. 1/3 B. 5/12 C. 1/2 D. 5/7 (USM STAN 2004 : 93)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. .......
STATISTIKA BAB 9
1.
MEAN (Nilai Rata-Rata)
Mean (x) adalah nilai rata-rata dari suatu suatu data. Rumus rata-rata ❖ Data tunggal , , , (diurutkan)
X X X, X, , … , … , ∑ i = X=
n = banyak data xi = data ke- i i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … ,n
Data frekuensi tunggal
❖
Xi
X1
X2
......
Xn
Fi
f1
f2
......
fn
+ … +f x = f +f f + f+ . . + f 2.
MEDIAN (Nilai Tengah)
Median (Me) adalah nilai tengah dari data yang telah disusun secara berurutan, melalui dari datum terkecil. , , , Rumus median:
X X X X … ➢
➢
3.
+ , jika n ganjil ++ Me = , jika n genap
Me = X
MODUS (Nilai Frekuensi Tertinggi)
Modus (Mo) adalah nilai dari suatu data yang memiliki frekuensi tertinggi atau nilai yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam suatu kelompok atau data. Contoh A. 2, 3, 5, 7, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4 , 6, 2, 3 Modus dari data contoh A adalah angka 3 dengan frekuensi 4 bilangan Contoh B. 2, 3, 5, 7, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 6, 2, 9 Modus dari data contoh B adalah angka 2, dan 3 dengan frekuensi frekuensi 3 bilangan
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 9
1.
Dalam sebuah keluarga yang terdiri dari 6 orang anak dua anak nya berumur x tahun dan 4 tahun. Jika rata – rata umur anak adalah 9 tahun dan umur empat anak lainnya adalah
3 dan x2,
Rata-rata kenaikan produksi padi dari tahun 1999-2002 adalah … juta metrik ton A. 1,96 B. 2,44 C. 2,45 D. 3,05
x1, x2,2x
maka berapa tahun umur
(USM STAN 2011 : 67)
anak tertua ? A. 16 B. 14 C. 13 D. 12 E. 9
5.
(USM STAN 2014 : 67)
Rata – Rata nilai dari Siswa Putri dan Siswa Putra X berturut turut adalah 85 dan 78. Jika nilai rata – rata kelas tersebut adalah 83, Persentase jumlah siswa putra terhadap jumlah siswa putri
2.
(USM STAN 2011 : 68)
6.
di kelas X adalah … % A. 60 B. 50 C. 45 D. 40 E. 30 Berapa Kg pupuk yang mengandung 30% nitrogen yang harus ditambahkan pada 120 Kg pupuk yang mengandung 20% nitrogen agar tercapai campuran pupuk yang mengandung mengandung 27,5% nitrogen ? A. 120 Kg B. 240 Kg C. 360 Kg D. 480 Kg E. 600 Kg
(USM STAN 2009 : 40)
7.
Tahun
5
10
15
Banyaknya siswa
8
12
x
Jika median skornya adalah 10 maka nilai terbesar yang mungkin untuk x
X
adalah … A. 8 B. 9 C. 19 D. 20
Berikut adalah informasi produksi padi dalam jutaan metric ton (X) dari tahun 1998-2003. 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
25,4
26,8
31,8
28,4
32,5
35,2
Di dalam suatu ujian, masing-masing siswa diberikan skor 5, 10, atau 15. Banyaknya siswa untuk masing-masing skor ditunjukkan pada table berikut.
Skor
(USM STAN 2013 : 77)
4.
Rata-rata Sembilan bilangan adalah 8. Salah satu diantara kesembilan bilangan tersebut dibuang. Rata-rata delapan bilangan yang tinggal adalah 7. Jika x adalah bilangan yang dibuang dan y = 16
maka … A. x < y B. x > y C. x = y D. Hubungan x dan y tidak dapat ditentukan
(USM STAN 2014 : 72)
3.
Sebuah kelas memiliki rata-rata nilai 5,2 dan median 6. Karena data yang diperoleh tidak memuaskan seluruh data diubah dengan cara setiap data dikali 5 dan hasilnya dibagi 5. Nilai rata-rata dan median berturut-turut adalah… A. 6 ; 5,2 B. 5,2 ; 6 C. 26 ; 30 D. 30 ; 26
(USM STAN 2009 : 78)
8.
Seratus siswa di sekolah X mengikuti tes seleksi beasiswa dan skor rata-
ratanya adalah 100. Banyaknya siswa kelas I yang mengikuti seleksi tersebut 50% lebih banyak dari siswa kelas II, dan skor rata-rata siswa kelas I. Skor rata-rata siswa kelas II adalah … A. 83,33 B. 125 C. 60 D. 40 (USM STAN 2009 : 79)
9.
Untuk memperoleh rata-rata sebesar 3/10, pecahan manakah yang harus ditambahkan 3/5, 1/4, 1/10, 1/2 ? A. 1/20 B. 2/3 C. 6,5 D. 3/2
(USM STAN 2003 : 48)
10. Nilai kuliah Tono pada semester satu yang lalu adalah Agama = 80 ; Pengantar Akuntansi = 85 ; Bahasa Indonesia = 70 ; Matematika Ekonomi = 90 ; Bahasa Inggris = 70 ; Pancasila = 80 ; Pengantar Perpajakan = 70. Dari data tersebut, berapakah median dari nilai yang diperoleh Tono pada semester satu yang lalu ? A. 70 B. 78 C. 80 D. 90 (USM STAN 2003 : 76)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. .......
HITUNG DAGANG DAN PERSENTASE BAB 10
A.
HITUNG DAGANG
1.
Keuntungan / kerugian Rumus keuntungan dan kerugian Untung /rugi = hasil penjualan – hasil hasil pembelian
Dari rumus diatas : Jika hasilnya > 0 maka disebut disebut keuntungan atau dengan kata lain penjualan penjualan ➢ > pembelian Jika hasilnya < 0 maka maka disebut disebut kerugian atau dengan dengan kata kata lain penjualan < ➢ pembelian Jika hasilnya = 0 maka disebut impas atau balik modal ➢ Rumus Presentase Keuntungan % Keuntungan/ Kerugian = 2.
B.
Ug/gi peei x 100%
Rabat, bruto, tara, tara, dan netto Rabat (diskon) adalah potongan harga suatu barang ❖ ❖ Bruto adalah adalah berat kotor suatu barang ❖ Tara adalah potongan berat ❖ Netto adalah berat bersih suatu barang
PERSENTASE
Persentase adalah metode untuk menuliskan bentuk lain dari pecahan yang menyatakan bagian dari sebuah objek. Pecahan berarti a bagian dari sebuah objek yang dibagi menjadi menjadi b bagian. bagian. Untuk merubah merubah pecahan menjdi bentuk persen cukup hanya mengalikan pecahan dengan 100%. Contoh:
= 100 100%% = % =75%
Jadi, bentuk persen dari adalah 75%
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 10
1.
Pedagang jamu mempunyai lemari yang hanya cukup ditempati 40 boks jamu. Dengan Modal Rp. 300.000,- ia membeli jamu A dan jamu B masing – masing seharga Rp. 6.000,- Setiap Boks dan Rp. 8.000,- Setiap Boks. Jika harga jual tiap boks Jamu A adalah Rp. 6.500,- dan Jamu B Rp. 8.800,- keuntungan maksimum yang diperoleh a dalah … A. Rp. 29.600,B. Rp. 29.000,C. Rp. 26.000,D. Rp. 23.000,E. Rp. 20.000,-
menjual 87 porsi. Berpa selisih persentase yang diharapkan dan yang diperoleh? A. B. C. D. E.
(USM STAN 2013 : 75)
5.
Sebuah kendaraan mengalami penurunan harga secara berturut turut 40% dan 20% berapa penurunan total harga kendaraan tersebut ? A. 86% B. 64% C. 52% D. 30% E. 24% (USM STAN 2014 : 62)
3.
Seorang pengusaha berencana untuk menghasilkan keuntungan setelah pajak pada tahun 2014 sebesar 30% dari penjualan. Jika besar nya pajak adalah 20% dan keuntungan sebelum pajak dan semua biaya sebesar Rp. 500 juta, berapa minimal penjualan yang harus dicapai untuk memperoleh keuntungan seperti yang direncanakan ? A. Rp. 1,6 Milyar B. Rp. 1,5 Milyar C. Rp. 1,2 Milyar D. Rp. 1 Milyar E. Rp. 800 Juta (USM STAN 2014 : 66)
4.
Untuk mendapatkan total untung 21%, seorang pedagang harus menjual 100 porsi bakso dengan harga Rp. 11.000,00 per porsi. Karena sepi ia hanya mampu
= 8
Jika dan persentase b terhadap A. B. C. D.
8,33% 16,67% 30% 60%
b11a2b ≠0 ?
berapa
(USM STAN 2011 : 44)
(USM STAN 2014 : 59)
2.
5,3% 13% 15% 16% 18,3%
6.
May menjual barang dengan harga x rupiah. Jika harga beli barang tersebut y rupiah, maka keuntungan yang
didapatkan May adalah … % A. B. C. D.
− 1 100 x
(USM STAN 2011 : 56)
7.
Siswa berprestasi di SD Jaya membayar SPP sebesar Rp. 20.000 dan siswa tanpa prestasi membayar Rp 90.000 setiap bulan. Jika jumlah pembayaran SPP seluruh siswa Rp. 18.240.000 dan banyaknya jumlah siswa tanpa prestasi adalah 80% dari jumlah seluruh siswa maka banyaknya siswa tanpa prestasi
adalah … orang A. 48 B. 144 C. 192 D. 240 (USM STAN 2011 : 59)
8.
Pak Aditya menjual 50 liter minyak dengan harga Rp12.600,00 dan 30 liter minyak yang sama dengan harga Rp11.400,00. Jika harga beli seluruhnya adalah Rp900.000,00, berapa presentase laba/rugi dari penjualan tersebut? A. Laba 6% B. Laba 8%
C. D.
Rugi 6% Rugi 8%
D. 120.000 (USM STAN 2006 : 69)
(USM STAN 2010 : 80)
9.
Pak Bejo seorang pedagang menjual sebuah baran dengan harga Rp. 80.000 dan memperoleh laba 25 % dari harga beli. Berapa harga beli ? A. 60.000 B. 64.000 C. 100.000
10. Sejenis produk dijual dengan 2 kali potongan (diskon) berturut-turut, yaitu 20% dan setelah itu 15%. Berapakah jumlah seluruh seluruh diskon? A. 30% B. 32% C. 34% D. 35% (USM STAN 2002 : 71)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ......
PERBANDINGAN, SKALA, DAN KESEBANGUNAN SERTA HIMPUNAN BAB 11
1. PERBANDINGAN
A. Perbandingan Senilai Perbandingan senilai adalah perbandingan yang apabila nilai awalnya diperbesar, maka nilai nilai akhir juga akan semakin semakin besar, besar, dan apabila nilai awalnya diperkecil maka nilai akhirnya juga kecil. Contoh : A B C X
= Perbandingan Berbalik Nilai
Maka, B.
Perbandingan berbalik nilai adalah perbandingan yang apabila nilai awalnya diperbesar, maka nilai akhirnya menjadi lebih kecil dan apabila nilai awalnya diperkecil maka nilai akhirnya akan menjadi lebih besar. 2. SKALA
Skala adalah perbandingan antara ukuran pada gambar dengan ukuran benda / objek yang sebenarnya. Suatu skala dinyatakan dalam
:
ee g skala=
3. KESEBANGUNAN
Dua bangun datar dinyatakan sebangun jika memenuhi sifat sebagai berikut : A. Perbandingan sisi-sisi yang bersesuaian sama B. Sudut-sudut yang bersesuaian sama besar
SEGITIGA SEBANGUN
KETERANGAN
R’
P’
Sudut yang bersesuaian sama besar, yaitu
Q’ R’
< P = P’ < Q = Q’ < R = R’ Perbandingan sisi-sisi yang bersesuaian sama, yaitu
QQ′ = R′R = QR′QR
P’
Q’
4.
HIMPUNAN
A. Jenis-jenis himpunan 1. Himpunan Semesta Merupakan suatu himpunan yang anggota-anggotanya meliputi semua anggota himpunan yang dibicarakan 2. Himpunan Komplemen = = yang bukan anggota himpunan A B. Operasi himpunan A B = { X │X A dan X B } A
A A′ ∩ ∈ ∈ ∪ ∈ ∈
B = { X X │ A atau X B }
Rumus-Rumus Himpunan n (s) = n ( A B ) – n n (A B) = n (A) + n(B) – n (A B) n (A B) = n (A) (A) + n(B) – n (A B) = n (An (A + B) = n (A B) – n (A B)
∪∩
∪ ∩∩ ∪ ∪ ∩
Bc
)
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 11
1.
Suatu proyek yang dikerjakan oleh 12 orang pekerja dapat diselesaikan dalam waktu 20 hari. Berapa tambahan orang yang diperlukan jika proyek tersebut ingin diselesaikan dalam waktu 16 hari ? A. 15 B. 12 C. 8 D. 5 E. 3
6.
Bagio adalah …. A. B. C. D.
(USM STAN 2014 : 73)
2.
Jika 50 pegawai magang dapat menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan selama 4 jam dan 30 pegawai tetap dapat menyelesaikannya selama 41/2 jam, maka berapa bagian pekerjaan yang dapat diselesaikan oleh 10 orang pegawai magang dan 15 pegawai tetap selama 1 jam ? A. bagian B. bagian C. bagian D. bagian E. bagian
1⁄9 29⁄180 26⁄143 1⁄5 39⁄121
7.
(USM STAN 2009 : 62)
8.
adalah … 2:3 3:2 2:5 5:2
Pak Kumis mendapat upah upah Rp 3.450.000 setelah bekerja 15 hari dengan 6 hari lembur. Berapa upah yang didapat Pak Kumis jika ia bekerja 10 hari dengan 4 hari h ari lembur? A. Rp 1.150.000 B. Rp 1.750.000 C. Rp 2.300.000 D. Rp 2.550.000 (USM STAN 2011 : 73)
5.
Suatu kelas terdiri dari 42 siswa, 1/3 dari seluruh siswa itu menyukai olahraga bere nang, 1/6 nya menyukai berenang dan sepakbola, dan 18 orang lainnya tidak menyukai kedua olahraga tersebut. Berapa orang yang hanya menyukai sepakbola? A. 7 B. 10 C. 17 D. 38 (USM STAN 2010 : 51)
Seorang anak yang tingginya 150 cm difoto dalam ukuran kecil dengan skala 1:30, kemudian foto tersebut ukurannya diperbesar dengan skala 4:1, maka tinggi anak dalam foto yang terakhir adalah … A. 20 cm B. 30 cm C. 40 cm D. 50 cm (USM STAN 2008 : 88)
9.
(USM STAN 2011 : 72)
4.
Jika -102x + 17y = 136, maka nilai 66x –
11y = … A. -88 B. -48 C. 48 D. 88
Jika rata-rata 2xy dan 3z sama dengan ratarata dan 2x maka perbandingan x dan 2x+y A. B. C. D.
56 42 40 28
(USM STAN 2010 : 55)
(USM STAN 2013 : 56)
3.
Perbandingan jumlah kelereng Amat dengan Cemen adalah 7:5, sedangkan perbandingan kelereng Bagio dengan Amat adalah 3:4. Jika selisih jumlah kelereng Amat dan Cemen adalah 16 buah, maka banyaknya kelereng
Dalam suatu kelas, 3/8 murid adalah laki-laki, dan 2/3 murid laki-laki berambut lurus. Jika 3/4 murid memiliki rambut lurus, berapakah murid perempuan yang tidak memiliki rambut lurus ? A. 5/16 B. 1/8 C. 3/16 D. 1/4 (USM STAN 2006 : 47)
10.
Dari 30 pelamar kerja, 14 orang memiliki pengalaman kerja minimal 4 tahun, 18 orang memiliki gelar sarjana, dan 3 orang tidak bergelar sarjana dengan pengalaman kerja kurang dari 4 tahun. Berapakah jumlah pelamar kerja yang bergelar sarjana dengan pengalaman kerja minimal 4 tahun? A. 13 B. 9 C. 7 D. 5 (USM STAN 2004 : 31)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ......
LOGICAL REASONING (ANALISA ARGUMEN) BAB 12
A. SILOGISME
1. Proporsisi Proporsisi adalah suatu pernyataan atau kalimat yang menandai kebenaran atau kepalsuan. Proporsisi terbagi menjadi 4 macam : a) Alternative Universal Contoh : Semua makhluk hidup adalah fana b) Alternative Particular Contoh : Beberapa makhluk hidup adalah fana c) Negative Universal Contoh : tiada/tidak ada makhluk hidup adalah fana d) Negative Particular Contoh : Beberapa makhluk hidup tidaklah fana 2. Silogisme Silogisme yaitu menarik kesimpulan dari premis umum menuju premis khusu s dengan melibatkan beberapa fakta, kemudian dilakukan d ilakukan pembeberan fakta-fakta tersebut. Kemungkinan bentuk-bentuk silogisme: ➢ Susunan I ❖ M – P Semua manusia dapat mati (A) ❖ S – M Atlit beladiri adalah manusia (A) ❖ S –P Atlit beladiri dapat mati (A) ➢ Susunan II ❖ P – M Tidak ada penyair besar yang berjiwa budak (E) ❖ S – M Penjilat adalah orang yang yang berjiwa berjiwa budak (A) Jadi, tak ada penjilat adalah penyair besar (E) ❖ S –P ➢ Susunan III ❖ M – P Semua mahasiswa pernah menjadi siswa SLTA (A) ❖ M – S Semua mahasiswa pencari ilmu (A) Sebagian pencari ilmu pernah menjadi siswa SLTA ( I ) ❖ S –P ➢ Susunan IV ❖ P – M Sifat pengecut adalah sifat yang berbahaya (A) ❖ M – S Semua sifat yang berbahaya harus dijauhi (A) Sebagian yang harus dijauhi adalah sifat pengecut (I) ❖ S –P Jadi, yang terpenting dalam mencari silogisme yang tepat adalah kita harus memahami arti/makna kalimat tersebut kemudian menganggap setiap pernyataan tersebut adalah suatu hal yang benar, sekalipun kalimat tersebut tidak rasional.
Contoh Soal: Semua hewan memamah biak makan rumput. Sementara kucing termasuk hewan memamah biak. Kesimpulan: A. Kucing tidak makan rumput B. Kucing makan rumput C. Hewan memamah biak tidak bertelur D. Tidak ada kesimpulan Kunci : B
Berdasarkan soal di atas, kucing adalah hewan memamah biak, dan semua hewan memamah biak makan rumput. Karena itu, kesimpulannya adalah kucing makan rumput. B. ARGUMEN TIPS DAN TRIK MENYELESAIKAN MENYELESAIKAN LOGICAL REASONING DALAM BENTUK ARGUMENT;
1. 2. 3.
Baca pertanyaan terlebih dahulu sebelum anda membaca argumen ar gumen Pahamilah jenis pertanyaan dari logical reasoning Beri perhatian khusus pada kata sambung yang digunakan di dalam pertanyaan juga di dalam argumen argumen
4.
Untuk soal yang menanyakan “asumsi” pertama kali tentukanlah kesimpulan dan
5. 6.
alasan-alasan yang mendasari argumen tersebut Untuk soal yang menanyakan “yang melemahkan atau yang mendukung argument” periksalah asumsi yang tidak tegas dari argumen Waspadalah terhadap kesalahan logika sederhana.
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 12
1.
Tidak seorangpun yang bekerja di pabrik X berambut keriting. Kebanyakan pegawai yang bekerja di Pabrik X memakai kacamata. A. Kebanyakan pegawai pabrik X memakai kacamata dan berambut keriting B. Beberapa orang yang berambut keriting tidak memakai kacamata C. Pegawai pabrik X yang memakai kacamata tidak berambut keriting D. Tidak ada pegawai Pabrik X yang tidak berambut keriting. E. Pegawai pabrik X ada yangtidak memakai kacamata
A. B. C. D. E.
(USM STAN 2013 : 92)
5.
(USM STAN 2014 : 94)
2.
Semua kumbang menyukai bunga. Beberapa hewan bertandung adalah kumbang. A. Ada hewan bertanduk menyukai kumbang. B. Semua hewan bertanduk menyukai bunga. C. Semua hewan bertanduk pasti bunga. D. Ada hewan bertanduk menyukai bunga. E. Beberapa kumbang menyukai bunga. Sebagian bunga harum baunya. Tidak ada bunga yang tidak berwarna. A. Semua bunga yang berwarna harum baunya B. Sebagian bunga yang harum baunya berwarna C. Bunga mawar harum baunya D. Sebagian bunga yang tidak harum baunya tidak berwarna E. Semua bunga yang harum baunya tidak berwarna (USM STAN 2013 : 91)
4.
Semua pegawai memakai dasi pada hari Senin, kemarin hari Rabu. Raka adalah seorang pegawai.
Harimau makan daging menjangan. Daging manjangan sangat bergizi. Semua yang makan makanan bargizi badannya menjadi kuat. A. Harimau tarmasuk herbivora. B. Harimau memiliki gigi tajam untuk makan. C. Badan harimau menjadi kuat. D. Harimau lebih kuat dari menjangan. (USM STAN 2011 : 95)
6.
(USM STAN 2014 : 95)
3.
Dua hari yang akan dating Raka memakai dasi Dua hari yang lalu Raka memakai dasi Kemarin Raka memakai dasi Tiga hari yang lalu Raka memakai dasi Empat hari yang akan dating Raka tidak memakai dasi
Setiap ikan berkembang biak dengan telur. Semua jamur berkembang biak dengan spora. ikan B makan jamur. A. Jamur yang dimakan ikan B mengandung mengandung spora. B. Ikan B makan spora. C. Jamur adalah bahan dasar untuk membuat telur. D. Ikan B berkembang biak dengan telur. (USM STAN 2011 : 102)
7.
Jika Rani suka alpukat maka Rina suka tomat. Mereka adalah saudara dan Rina tidak suka tomat namun dia suka alpukat. A. Rani suka tomat B. Rina suka yang Rani juga suka C. Rani tidak suka alpukat D. Rina dan Rani suka alpukat (USM STAN 2010 : 99)
8.
Semua ponsel ada fasilitas SMS. Sebagian ponsel ada fasilitas internet. A. Semua ponsel ada fasilitas SMS dan internet. B. Sebagian ponsel ada fasilitas SMS dan internet.
C.
D.
Sebagai ponsel ada fasilitas internet namun tidak ada fasilitas SMS. Semua yang ada fasilitas internet selalu ada fasilitas SMS.
(USM STAN 2010 : 100)
9.
Setiap pagi Ida makan bubur. Setiap makan bubur Ida minum teh. A. Ida sangat suka makan bubur B. Ida selalu makan the dan minum bubur C. Ida hanya makan bubur dan minum teh
D.
Ida minum teh setiap pagi
(USM STAN 2009 : 94)
10. Tidak semua hipotesis penelitian terbukti kebenarannya. Sebagian penelitian tidak disertai dengan
pengujian hipotesis. Dengan demikian, … A. Sebagian peneliti tidak menulis B. Sebagian hipotesis belum terbukti C. Semua hipotesis harus terbukti D. Semua hipotesis tidak terbukti benar (USM STAN 2008 : 25)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. .......
ANALYTICAL REASONING BAB 13
Salah satu cara terbaik menyelesaikan masalah analytical reasoning adalah membuat diagram sederhana. Masalah analitycal reasoning bentuk ini dapat berbentuk network, family relationships, dan lain-lain. Berikut ini adalah problem tentang lima buah komputer pada sebuah kantor. P, Q, R, S, T adalah komputer-komputer pada lima buah kantor sebuah perusahaan besar. Komputer-komputer tersebut berhubungan dengan cara yang tidak biasa dengan maksud untuk meningkatkan keamanan data. Data dapat diminta secara langsung hanya dari: P oleh Q P oleh T Q oleh P R oleh P S oleh Q S oleh T T oleh R Jika sebuah komputer dapat secara langsung meminta/menerima data dari komputer lain, maka komputer tersebut juga dapat mengirimkan data tersebut kepada komputer lain yang memintanya. Dari informasi diatas dapat disusun diagram panah sebagai berikut: S Q
P
T
R
Contoh Soal: Jika hanya komputer-komputer Q, R, S, dan T yang beroperasi, manakah yang berikut ini mengenai permintaan data yang dapat dilakukan, baik secara langsung maupun melewati satu atau lebih komputer lainnya? A. Permintaan data oleh Q dari R B. Permintaan data oleh Q dari T C. Permintaan data oleh R dari P D. Permintaan data oleh S dari R Penyelesaian: P tidak berfungsi. Maka dari itu, P dihilangkan dan juga tanda panah yang berhubungan dengan P harus dihilangkan sehingga diagramnya menjadi: S Q
T R
Secara sekilas dapat ditentukan bahwa dari opsi jawaban yang diberikan, Opsi D merupakan yang paling mungkin. TIPS DAN TRIK MENYELESAIKAN ANALYTICAL REASONING : ➢
➢ ➢ ➢
➢ ➢ ➢ ➢
Kelompok analytical reasoning adalah satu kesatuan. Selesaikan satu kelompok kemudian pindah ke kelompok berikutnya. Sederhanakan data dengan singkatan atau dengan simbol lainnya. Tandai singkatan yang membatasi keadaan kritis. Pertama kali, buanglah pilihan jawaban yang tidak cocok dengan batasan, kemudian pikirakanlah jawaban dari sisa pilihan jawaban. Telitilah keadaan yang tersurat dan yang tersirat. Susunlah data dengan daftar atau dengan tabel. Susunlah data dalam bentuk peta atau diagram. Jangan membuat asumsi yang tidak berasalan.
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 13
Untuk soal nomor 1-3, perhatikan Ilustrasi berikut!
Ayah dan ibu dari keelima orang anak P, Q, R, S, dan T, masing – masing memiliki darah dari suku Aceh, Batak, B atak, Jawa, Minang dan Madura, tiap – tiap anak itu memiliki darah dua suku yang berbeda ( meengikut ayah dan ibu nya ), dengan ketentuan; • Dari orang tua anak, tidak ada warga suku aceh yang menikah dengn warga suku jawa; • Hanya P dan Q yang memiliki darah Minang • Tiga dari anak – anak itu memiliki darah Aceh; • R dan S adalah saudara Kandung ; • T memiliki darah Jawa ; 1.
2.
Pernyataan berikut yang tidak mungkin
terjadi adalah … A. Q memiliki darah Madura B. T memiliki darah Batak C. R memiliki darah Batak D. S memiliki darah Jawa E. P memiliki darah Aceh Jika P memiliki darah Jawa , maka … A. Q memiliki darah Madura B. T memiliki darah Minang C. R memiliki darah Jawa
3.
D. P memiliki darah Aceh E. Q memiliki darah Aceh Jika T memiliki darah Madura, pernyataan
berikut yang pasti salah adalah … A. Q memiliki darah Madura B. S memiliki darah Batak C. R memiliki darah Batak D. R memiliki darah Jawa E. P memiliki darah Aceh (USM STAN 2014 : 108-110)
Untuk soal nomor 4-7, gunakan informasi berikut!
Tujuh orang anak, yaitu; Mono, Nini, Odi, Pani, Qori, Rani, dan Suni sadang naik rollar coaster yang terdiri dari beberapa kereta yang saling terkait. Mereka menaiki 3 kereta terdepan, dan muatan maksimal 1 kereta adalah 4 orang. Karena telah diisi orang Iain, kereta pertama hanya dapat diisi 2 orang dari mereka, kereta kedua dapat diisi 3 orang dari mereka, dan kereta ketiga dapat diisi 2 orang dari mereka. Aturannya adalah: • Mono di kereta yang sama dangan Rani; • Suni tidak Satu kereta dengan Pani atau Qori; Q ori; • Nini Tidak satu kereta dengan Qori atau Pani. 4.
5.
6.
Bila Mono berada di kereta kedua, maka pernyataan yang benar adalah ... A. Qori di kereta pertama dan Pani di kereta ketiga B. Nini di kereta pertama dan Suni di kereta ketiga C. Suni dan Nini di kereta ketiga D. Nini dan Pani di kereta pertama Bila Rani berada di kereta pertama, maka
pernyataan yang mungkin benar adalah … A. Odi berada di kereta pertama B. Pani berada di kereta yang sama dangan Mono C. Nini dan Qori berada di kereta yang Sama D. Qori berada di kereta kedua Bila Mono dan Qori berada di kereta kedua, maka pernyataan berikut salah, kecuali ... A. Suni satu kereta dangan Pani
7.
B. Odi dan Pani berada di kereta ketiga C. Rani berada di satu kereta dangan Nini D. Pani berada di satu kereta dangan Rani Bila Odi berada di kereta ketiga, maka pernyataan yang tidak mungkin benar adalah ... A. Mono berada di kereta pertama B. Qori berada di kereta ketiga C. Nini berada di kereta kedua D. Suni berada di kereta ketiga (USM STAN 2011 : 81-84)
Untuk soal nomor 8-10, gunakan informasi berikut!
Dalam rangka seleksi calon anggota tim bola basket putri, maka dilakukanlah pengukuran tinggi badan. Anis lebih tinggi daripada Bunga. Tinggi Cantika sama dengan tinggi Esty. Fentya lebih tinggi daripada Dawiyah. Hanya ada dua peserta yang tinggi badannya sama. 8.
9.
Jika Cantika lebih tinggi daripada Anis
maka …. A. Anis lebih tinggi daripada Esty B. Esty lebih tinggi daripada Bunga C. Cantika lebih tinggi daripada Dawiyah D. Fentya lebih tinggi daripada Bunga Pernyataan yang pasti salah adalah …. A. Bunga lebih tinggi daripada Dawiyah B. Anis lebih tinggi daripada Fentya
C. Anis sama tinggi dengan Esty D. Dawiyah lebih tinggi daripada Anis 10. Jika Bunga lebih tinggi daripada Fentya
maka … A. Anis lebih tinggi daripada Dawiyah B. Fentya lebih tinggi daripada Anis C. Dawiyah lebih tinggi daripada Bunga D. Cantika lebih tinggi daripada Fentya (USM STAN 2010 : 92-94)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ......
POLA BARISAN BILANGAN DAN HURUF BAB 14 Pola barisan bilangan dan huruf merupakan bentuk deretan angka dan huruf yang belum selesai. Cara paling cepat untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal deret angka dan huruf adalah dengan mengetahui polanya. Ketika polanya sudah diketahui, maka dengan mudah soal dapat diselesaikan. Pola diketahui dari perbedaan antar nilai deretnya. Bentuk- bentuk deret dalam soal antara lain penjumlahan, pengurangan, perkalian, pembagian, kuadrat, dan kombinasi dari operasioperasi dasar tersebut. Contoh Soal:
A, M, N, B, O, P, C, … , … , … , … A. B. C. D.
Q, R, D, S Q, S, D, R S, Q, R, D R, Q, S, D Kunci : A. Q, R, D Huruf 1 adalah “A” berhubungan dengan huruf “B” (huruf ke 4) dan berhubungan dengan huruf “C” (huruf ke 7). Disederhanakan : A, B, C, D, … dst (huruf ke 1, 4, 7, 10). Maka hal yang sama pada pada huruf ke 2, 5, 8, 11,… dst yaitu M, O, Q (berselang 2 huruf). Pada huruf ke 3, 6, 9, … dst yaitu N, P, R Maka jawabannya yang benar adalah Q, R, D, S A. Barisan Fibonacci
Adalah barisan bilangan yang suku selanjutnya diperoleh dengan cara menjumlahkan 2 suku sebelumnya. Contoh: a) 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29 b) -2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 9, ... c) 1, -3, -2, -5, -7, ... B. Irama Bilangan
Adalah barisan bilangan yang memilih pola yang lebih bebas dan bervariasi. Contoh: a) 1, 3, 2, 6, 5, 15, 14 Pola : kali 3, kurang 1, ... b) 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 18, ... Pola : tambah 1, tambah 2, tambah 3
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 14
1.
41 37 35 35 31 29 29 … A. 33 B. 31 C. 29 D. 27 E. 25
C. D.
(USM STAN 2011 : 105)
6.
(USM STAN 2014 : 83)
2.
FAG GAF HAI IAH … A. JAL B. JAK C. JAI D. HAL E. HAK
1 8 81 1024 … A. 117649 B. 46656 C. 15625 D. 7776 E. 3125 (USM STAN 2013 : 85)
4.
A, E, D, H, G, K, … , … A. H, L B. I, M C. J, N D. K, O E. L, P (USM STAN 2013 : 90)
5.
5, 25, 32, 45, 59, 65, … A. 89 B. 86
A, B, C, F, E, D, G, H, … , … A. K, J B. I, J C. I, L D. I, N
, ,, 1 , 2, … A. 3
(USM STAN 2011 : 114)
7.
B. C. D.
USM STAN 2014 : 86)
3.
85 82
3,25 3,5 4
(USM STAN 2010 : 108)
8.
E,E,E,I,E,M A. E B. K C. N D. Q (USM STAN 2010 : 114)
9.
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, … A. 21, 32 B. 21, 34 C. 24, 35 D. 24, 37 (USM STAN 2009 : 102)
10. 5 7 … A. 8 B. 9 C. 11 D. 13
17 25 35
(USM STAN 2008 : 99)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ......
BARIS DAN DERET ARITMATIKA BAB 15
BARISAN ARITMATIKA
Barisan aritmatika atau barisan hitung adalah suatu barisan bilangan dengan setiap sukusuku yang berurutan memiliki selisih tetap (konstan). Selisih yang tetap ini disebut beda dan dilambangkan dengan “b”. perhatika n contoh berikut: 2,4,6,8, ... (b = 2) 13,17,21,24, ... (b = 4) Secara umum dapat dituliskan sebagai berikut: Apabila Un adalah rumus suku suku ke-n dari suatu barisan aritmatika, aritmatika, berlaku: Un – Un – 1 = b 1. Suku ke – n
Misal barisan : U ₁, U₂, U₃, U₄, … Un adalah barisan aritmatika. Dengan beda = b , suku pertama U ₁ = a, maka sesuai dengan pengertiannya dapat dirumuskan bahwa: U₂ = U₁ + b atau a+b U₃ = U₂ + b atau (a+b) + b = a + 2b 2b U₄ = U₃ + b atau (a+2b) + b = a + 3b 3b Un = Un – 1 + b atau { a+ (n-2)b} + b = a + (n-1)b Rumus suku ke-n barisan aritmatika adalah : Un = a + (n-1) b 2. Deret aritmatika
Deret aritmatika (Sn) atau deret hitung adalah suatu deret yang diperoleh dengan menjumlahkan suku-suku barisan aritmatika.
Un = a + (n-1) b Sn = (a+Un) atau Sn =
Rumus-rumus penting :
Un = Sn – S Sn-1
{ 2a + (n-1) b }
3. Sisipan di barisan aritmatika
Bila diantara dua bilangan x dan y disisipkan k buah bilangan yang membentuk barisan aritmatika, maka beda barisan dapat diperoleh dari rumus :
b = ky 1x
Beda barisan yang baru
4. Suku tengah
Jika banyak suku-suku suatu barisan aritmatika adalah ganjil maka akan terdapat satu suku tengah. Misal banyak suku-suku suatu barisan aritmatika sama dengan n, dengan n bilangan ganjil, maka suku tengah dari barisan tersebut adalah suku ke (n+1).
U½ (n + 1) =
+U
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 15 1.
Pak Anto mendapat giliran ronda setiap 6 h ari. Pak Burhan setiap 9 hari, Pak Candra setiap 12 hari dan Pak Dani setiap 18 hari. Jika mereka Ronda bersama pada tanggal 1 januari 2014, pada tanggal berapa mereka akan Ronda bersama – sama lagi ? A. 8 Februari 2014 B. 7 Februari 2014 C. 6 Februari 2014 D. 5 Februari 2014 E. 4 Februari 2014
B. C. D.
884 880 816
(USM STAN 2009 : 70)
6.
(USM STAN 2014 : 71)
Dua kali bilangan pertama ditambah empat kali bilangan kedua akan menghasilkan angka 40. Bila bilangan pertama dua kali lebih banyak dari bilangan kedua, berapakah besarnya bilangan yang pertama ? A. 14 B. 12 C. 10 D. 8 (USM STAN 2008 : 69)
2.
Suku ke – 3 suatu barisan geometri sama dengan suku ke – 7 barisan aritmetika. Suku pertama kedua barisan tersebut adalah 4. Jika rasio (r) barisan geometri sama dengan beda (b) barisan aritmetika, dan keduanya adalah bilangan bulat, maka suku ke – 6 barisan geometri dikurangi suku ke – 15 barisan aritmetika adalah … A. 96 B. 98 C. 100 D. 102 E. 104
7.
(USM STAN 2004 : 41)
8.
(USM STAN 2013 : 65)
3.
Sejumlah uang terdiri dari koin pecahan 500an, 200-an dan 100-an dengan total Rp. 100.000. jika total uang pecahan 500-an setengah dari total uang pecahan 200-an, tetapi 3 kali total uang pecahan 100-an maka
banyaknya koin pecahan adalah … A. B. C. D.
300 360 460 500
(USM STAN 2011 : 58)
4.
Selisih dua bilangan positif adalah 5. Jumlah kuadratnya sama dengan 1500 kurangnya dari kuadrat jumlah kedua bilangan tersebut.
Jumlah kedua bilangan tersebut adalah … A. B. C.
D.
45 50 55 60
(USM STAN 2010 : 77)
5.
Antara bilangan 20 dan 116 disisipi 11 bilangan. Bilangan ini bersama dua bilangan semula membentuk deret hitung. Jumlah
deret hitung adalah … A.
952
Angka ketujuh dari sederetan angka adalah 45. Jika selisih angka kedua dengan angka pertama adalah -7 demikian pula angka–angka selanjutnya juga mempunyai selisih -7 dari angka sebelumnya, berapakah nilai angka yang berada pada urutan keempat ? A. 122 B. 94 C. 66 D. 45
Dalam suatu deretan bilangan, setiap bilangan setelah bilangan pertama adalah 1/3 dari bilangan yang mendahuluinya. Jika bilangan ke-5 dalam deretan tersebut adalah 3, berapakah bilangan ke-2 ? A. 1/3 B. 1 C. 27 D. 81 (USM STAN 2004 : 88)
9.
Dalam suatu deretan bilangan, bilangan setelah an ditentukan dengan ketentuan (an– 2 1) . Jika 1 merupakan suatu bilangan dalam deretan tersebut, maka tiga bilangan berikutnya secara berurutan adalah … A. 0, -1, 1 B. 0, 1, 2 C. 2, 3, 4 D. 0, 1, 0 (USM STAN 2003 : 27)
10. Jika bilangan bulat 50
adalah bilangan ketiga dari lima bilangan bulat berurutan, maka jumlah bilangan tersebut adalah ? A. 150 B. 200 C. 230 D. 250 (USM STAN 2003 : 50)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ......
DERET GAMBAR BAB 16 Deret gambar merupakan susunan gambar yang membentuk pola tertentu dan teratur. Contoh Soal 1:
? dfdfdf …
A
B
C
D
Kunci : D
Diatas termasuk deret gambar sederhana. Perhatikan jumlah lingkaran di dalam persegi. ➢ Gambar Pertama : 1 ➢ Gambar Kedua : 6 ➢ Gambar Ketiga : 3 ➢ Gambar Keempat : 5 Pola angkanya : 1 – 6 – 3 – 5 – …. Berarti dapat kita simpul kan angka berikutnya adalah : 5 karena fokus ke gambar pertama yaitu 1, gambar ketiga yaitu 3 dan gambar kelima yaitu seharusnya adalah 5. Yang terpenting adalah jangan lihat suatu gambar secara keseluruhan, tapi lihat terperinci objek apa saja yang terdapat di dalam gambar. Contoh Soal 2:
?
…
A
B
C
D
Kunci : A
Perhatikan gambar di atas. Asumsi kan seluruh bangun datar di dalam sebuah persegi itu berdiri sendiri dengan memiliki gerak sendiri yang teratur dan mungkin saja ber beda gerak dengan bangun datar yang lain. Kesimpulan 1: Setiap bangunan yang berada di tengah akan bergerak ke kiri kir i atas. Kesimpulan 2: Selalu gambar baru yang akan muncul di kanan bawah dengan warna tetap. Kesimpulan 3: Gambar yang ada di tengah selalu bergantian antara warna hitam dan putih.
SOAL LATIHAN BAB 16 Untuk Soal nomor 1 –4, anda akan meilihat deretan deretan pola atau gambar . Untuk Untuk masing – masing soal
terdiri atas deretan kotak yang disusun berdasarkan prinsip tertentu. Tugas anda adalah memilih salah satu dari 5 kotak pilihan yang merupakan perputaran gambar dalam soal. 1.
A
B
C
D
C.
D.
2.
E
3.
4.
A.
B.
E. Untuk Soal Nomor 5-6, setiap bentuk gambar yang pertama dihubungkan dengan bentuk gambar
yang kedua. Dengan Dengan cara yang sama bentuk ketiga dihubungkan dihubungkan dengan dengan yang keempat. Manakah dari dari kelima pilihan yang merupakan bentuk keempat? 5.
6.
(USM STAN 2014 : 115-120)
Untuk soal nomor 7–10, Anda akan melihat deretan pola atau gambar. Untuk masing-masing soal
terdiri dari atas deretan kotak yang disusun berdasar prinsip tertentu. Tugas Anda adalah memilih salah satu dari 5 kota pilihan yang merupakan perputaran gambar dalam soal. 7.
8.
9.
10.
Untuk soal nomor 11–12, setiap bentuk gambar yang pertama dihubungkan dengan bentuk gambar
yang kedua. Dengan cara yang sama bentuk ketiga dihubungkan dihubungkan dengan keempat. Manakah dari kelima kelima pilihan yang merupakan bentuk keempat 11.
12.
(USM STAN 2013 : 115-120)
CATATAN TAMBAHAN
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ......
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 1
1.
Kunci : D
Sulit dipahami Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI): elusif = sukar dipahami atau diartikan; sukar diidentifikasi 2. Kunci : B Kumpulan tulisan yang teratur KBBI: kompulasi = kumpulan yang tersusun secara teratur (tentang daftar informasi, karangan dan sebagainya) 3. Kunci : D Berani KBBI: gamang = merasa takut (ngeri serta khawatir) ketika melihat ke bawah dan sebagainya. 4. Kunci : D Ringan KBBI: teruk = parah, keras, hebat (tentang sakit, pukulan, perkelahian, bekerja, dan sebagainya) 5. Kunci : A Sukma KBBI: atma = jiwa; nyawa; roh 6. KUNCI : B Tanjung KBBI: ancol = tanah yang menjorok ke laut; tanjung 7. Kunci : D Membubarkan
KBBI: menyurai = mencerai-beraikan; membubarkan 8. Kunci : A Dokumen : Mukadimah Istilah pembukaan pada drama disebut prolog, sedangkan pembukaan pada dokumen disebut mukadimah 9. Kunci : C Mata Nama merupakan bagian dari identitas, sedangkan mata juga merupakan bagian dari tubuh 10. Kunci : D Lingkaran : Bulat Cakram berbentuk bundar, sedangkan lingkaran berbentuk bulat
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 2
1. Kunci : D Gigi yang terkena karies Lesi adalah istilah kedokteran untuk merujuk kepada jaringan yang abnormal pada tubuh 2. Kunci : B Karies adalah salah satu penyakit yang berbahaya Secara keseluruhan bacaan teks membahas banyak tentang karies sabagai salah satu penyakit yang berbahaya 3. Kunci : A Penyebab munculnya karies Hal yang tidak diuraikan pada bacaan adalah penyebab munculnya karies 4. Kunci : B 90% anak-anak usia sekolah di seluruh dunia pernah mengalmai karies Didalam bacaan teks terdapat ciri fakta dalam pilihan tersebut dengan mencantumkan jumlah presentase yaitu 90% 5. Kunci : C Himbauan PBB terhadap perlindungan anak di dunia maya Pada bacaan teks sangat jelas bahwa PBB menghimbau/mengajak seluruh tiap Negara untuk turut serta menjaga atau melindungi anak didunia maya (lihat dikalimat 1 dan 2) 6. Kunci : C Diperlukan peraturan tentang pembatasan usia bagi pengguna internet
Tidak ada bahasan di bacaan teks tentang pembatas usia bagi pengguna internet 7. Kunci : C Penyedia konten Stakeholder dapat diartikan sebagai segenap pihak yang terkait dengan isu dan permasalahan yang diangkat. Dalam hal pertelekomunikasian pihak-pihak yang terkait adalah konsumen, produsen handpone dan penyedia konten. Namun yang sangat terkait dengan isu pertelekomunikasian adalah penyedia konten. 8. Kunci : A Film nasional menembus perfilman internasional Bacaan wacana teks banyak membahas
tentang film nasional yaitu “Bulan Tertusuk Illalang” yang mampu bersaing ke internasional hingga menjadi salahsatu nominator yang akan bertanding di kategori“Internasional Competition” 9. Kunci : C Industri film Yang merupakan insan perfilman adalah sutradara, pemain, produser, penulis scenario, pemeran pendukung 10. Kunci : B Film Indonesia kurang diproduksi Kelesuan dalam bacaan teks lebih dekat artinya sebagai kurangnya film-film Indonesia untuk diproduksi sehingga jarang muncul muncul di bioskop-bioskop. bioskop-bioskop.
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 3
1.
6. Kunci : A (X2)(Y)
Kunci : B
x=y 2x + 2y = 5x - y 3y = 3x, maka x = y 2. KUNCI : E Hubungan x dan y tidak dapat ditentukan Misalkan x = = 3, y = + = 2.23 + 2 = 4.23, x < y x = = 1.41, y = + 0 = 1.41, sehingga hubungan x dan y tidak dapat ditentukan
√ 2 0
√ 5 4
√ 5 √ 4 √ 2
3. Kunci : E A+B>C A = 24, B = 2A + B > C A = 24, B = 24, C = 62,5 4. Kunci : B x>y Hubungan x dengan bilangan asli. Karena
y
5. Kunci : C x=y 3x + 2y = 5 4x – y = 3 3x + 2y = 5 8x – 2y 2y = 6 _ 11x = 11 Maka x = 1, dan y = 1
×2
7. Kunci : A 131 41 + 43 + 47 = 131 8. Kunci : D 888.888 9. Kunci : D 83 23 + 29 + 31 = 83 10. Kunci : A 791 (250 + 480 + 61) kg = 791 kg
x ;x∈x > √ yx= √ x 5x ≤ √ x;x∈ adalah
maka
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 4
1.
8. Kunci : C 1.584 343 + 512 + 729 = 1.584
Kunci : A
x
9.
√
3. Kunci : E 21 ( – ) ( + ) = 7 x 3 = 21
0,27
–
4. Kunci : A 0,167
− - 16,67% - 0,67 − = - 1/6 – 4/6 =1 – 1/6 – 4/6 = 1/6 = 0,167
5. Kunci : A 12.000 68.644 – 56.644 = 12.000 6. Kunci : A 1268,0 (56,34+43,66)(56,3443,66)=(100)(12,68) = 1268 7. Kunci : B a.b=
b = 243 ; b = (a)(b) = [] [] = a-4 = 256 ; a = -5
Kunci : C
10. Kunci : B 15 Dengan metode perkiraan dan pembulatan pembulatan, nilai terdekat adalah 15
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 5
1. Kunci : C
6. Kunci : A
157 liter Vsliender = ¼xµxd2xt = ¼x3,14x(1m)2x2m = 1,57 m3 = 1,57x103 dm3 =1570 dm3 = 1570 liter 2. Kunci : C
= 1/3 (L.alas)(t) = 4/3 (L.alas) = (1/8) [4/3 (L. alas)] = (1/3)(1/2)(L.alas) = (1/3)(L.alas)(1/2) Jadi, kedalaman air hanya ½ cm.
7. Kunci : A
27 216 : 23=27 3. Kunci : B 30 K = 80 cm 2 = 16 cm X 5 cm L = 128 cm2 = 16 cm X 8 cm M = 48 cm2 = 6 cm X 8 cm N = 30 cm 2 = 16 cm X 5 cm 4. Kunci : Tidak Ada Jawaban = 4πr2 Luas permukaan bola 4 . 22/7 . r 2 = 198/7 x2 88/7 . r2 = 198/7 x2 r2 = 198/88 x2 r2 = 9/4 x2 r = 3/2x 3 = 4/3πr Volume bola = 4/3 . 22/7 . (3/2x) 3 = 88/21 . 27/8x3 = 99/7x3 5. Kunci : D
x
½ Vtotal Vterisi
= π.r2 Luas 77/18 x = 22/7.r2 r2 = (77/18 x) : (22/7)
75 P = 3/2 X 15 = 22,5 KEL = 2 X (22,5 + 15) = 75 8. Kunci : A
125% Luasnya bertambah 25% dari semula, jadi perbahan bus nya menjadi 125% 9. Kunci : C
300 meter Jarak terdekat = garis miring
V (2402 + 1802) = √90.000 = 300m (dalil phytagoras) 10. Kunci : B
14π r= Keliling = 2.πr = 2.π7 = 14π
4 9=7 √ 49=7
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 6
1.
Kunci : A
160 2.
Kunci : C
Mesin A dan C memproduksi 158 keramik
ABC=236 AB=162 C=236162=74 BC=152 A=236152=84 B=2367484=78 AC=8474=158
6. Kunci : A 90 X+Y+Z X+Y Z 7. Kunci : B 4 dan 3 3x + 5y 2x + 5y x y
= 249 = 159 = 249 – 159 = 90
= 27 = 23 _ =4 =3
3. Kunci : C
∶ =12∶18
8.
39
4. Kunci : A - 88 -102x + 17y = 136 -17(6x – y) = (-17)(-8) (6x-y) = -8 dikalikan 11 untuk masing-masing ruas 11(6x – y) = (11)(-8) 66x – 11y = - 88
→
5. Kunci : D Rp640.000,00 R–A R R – 1/9R 8/9R 8/9(80.000+A) 640.000/9 + 8/9A 640.000/9 + 8/9A 2/9A A R
Kunci : A
→
= 80.000 = 80.000+A = A + 1/9R = A + 1/9R = A + 1/9(80.000+A) = A+80.000/9+1/9A = 10/9A+80.000/9 = 560.000/9 = 280.000 = 360.000
c = (a + b)² = (2 + 5)² = 49 c – ab = 49 – (2 x 5) = 39 9.
Kunci : D
Antara Z dan X tidak dapat ditentukan hubungannya Hubungan X dan Z tidak bisa ditentukan karena tidak diketahui sifat bilangan dari X dan Z 10. Kunci : C 2a + 2 a = ½ b b = 2a
↠
↠
b + 2 = 2a + 2
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 7
1.
Kunci : D
40 km/jam T a-b = a-b =
. = 2,4 jam = 2 jam 24 mnt V = = = 40 km/jam b-a
6. Kunci : B 6 pagi A=B+3 Sampai kota B = pukul 5 + (4-3) jam = pukul 6
2. Kunci : C 10.06 T= + =1,6+2=3,6 jam = 3 jam 36 mnt
7. Kunci : D 160 km S = 735 – ( 185 + 95 + 120 + 175 ) = 160 km
3. Kunci : C x=y Kecepatan Rata-rata Bani :
8. Kunci : A 4 2(1,5 x 6)/4,5 = 18/4,5 = 4
x = ++ km/jam = 26 km/j am yx ==26y km/jam
4. Kunci : C 30km Jawaban bisa didapatkan dengan metode mencoba. Jarak rumah ke kantor adalah 30 km. 5. Kunci : A 11.39 Vh = 3 Vz → 11.36 H → 11.30 Z V = s/t → V ~ 1/t Vh/Vz = tz/th 3 Vh/Vz = tz/th T z = 5 th Heri menyusul Zainal pukul = 11.36 + 3 menit =11.39 WIB
9. Kunci : D 20.45 16/8 = 14/8 x 60 menit = 105 menit = 1 jam 45 menit. menit. Jadi pertunjukan pertunjukan selesai pada pukul = 19.00 + 01.45 = 20.45 10. Kunci : B 48 V1 = 40 km t1 = 3 Jam V2 = 60 km t2 = 2 Jam Vrata – rata = Stotal / ttotal = 240/5 = 48 km/jam
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 8
1.
8. Kunci : C 1081 Ini adalah soal kombinasi. Bersalaman dilakukan oleh tiap dua orang. = = = 1081 47C2 =
Kunci : D
c = 5d 2. Kunci : C 1/4
! ! !!! .! !− −
3. Kunci : C 0 Umur Nia sekarang = 14 + 1 = 15 Umur Yanti sekarang = 22-7=15 4. Kunci : B 720 Jenis soal ini berkaitan dengan permutasi. Jawabannya adalah : (7 – 1)! = 6 X 5 X 4 X 3 X 2 X 1 6! = 720 5. Kunci : B
x x∶y=1∶0
xm∶ym=1m∶0m 1m ∶ 0m 0 m = 3 x 1 x m = − = x 6. Kunci : B 10 Berenang (B) = 14 & sepak bola dan
Berenang (SΠB) = 7 42 = (14-7) + (X-7) + 7 + 18 42 = 25+X X = 17, maka yang menyukai sepak Bola saja = X 7 = 17 7 = 10
– –
7. Kunci : B 125 Isi kantung = 55 + 60 + x = 115 + x Peluang diambilnya kelereng abu2: x/(115+x) = 25/48 48x = 2875 + 25x 23x = 2875 x = 125
9. Kunci : A 720 (7-1)! = 6.5.4.3.2.1 = 720 cara 10. Kunci : B 25/(25 + 35) = 5/12
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 9
1.
7. Kunci : C 19 Nilai x harus ganjil. Jika x = 19 orang, maka jumlah frekuensi data = 39 dan mediannya = 10. Jika x > 19 orang, maka median > 10.
Kunci : B
14 2. Kunci : D 40 3. Kunci : C 360 Kg =0,275 = 0,275n+33 =9
8.
,+ + 0,324
125 n siswa kelas I = A = (1,5)B n siswa kelas II = B 100 = (1,5)B + B = 2,5(B) B = 40; dan A = 60 Skor rata-rata = 100 Skor rata-rata ssw kelas I = M Skor rata-rata ssw kelas II = N = (1,5)M (100)(100) = 60(M) +40(1,5M) M = 250/3, maka N = (1,5)M = 125
0,0024 =360
↔→
4. Kunci : A 1,96 Berikut adalah informasi produksi padi dalam metric ton (X) dari tahun 19982003 Rata-rata kenaikan produksi padi dari tahun 1999-2002 adalah
+ +−,+, =1, 9
9. Kunci : A 1/20
Tahun
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
X
25,4
31,8
31,8
28,4
32,5
35,2
5
-3,4
4,1
Naik
5. Kunci : B 5,2 ; 6 Hasilnya tidak berubah Karena bilangan awal dikali kemudian dibagi kembali dengan angka yang sama 6. Kunci : C x=y (9)(8) = (8)(7) + x maka x = y = 16
→
x = 72 – 56 = 16
Kunci : B
10. Kunci : C 80
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 10
1.
Kunci: B
RP. 29.000,2. Kunci : C 52% Misal harga 100. 40% 100 = 40, harga menjadi 60. 20% 60 = 12, harga menjadi 48. x% 100 = 48, x = 52%
×
× ×
3. KUNCI : E Rp. 800 Juta 4. Kunci : D 16% 100 x Rp 11.000 = Rp 1.100.000 Modal = 100/121 x Rp 1.100.000 = Rp 909.090 87 x Rp 11.000 = Rp 957.000 Untung yang diperoleh : (957.000-909.090)/909.090 (957.000-909.090)/909.090 = 5,27% Selisih untung diharapkan dan diperoleh: 21%-5,27%= 15,73 % (dibulatkan keatas menjadi 16%) 5. Kunci : B
111a2b=8b2b=6b 1 a = 8b b∶6b=16, 6 7% 10
6. Kunci : C
Harga = x rupiah Harga beli = y rupiah Keuntungan =
100%
7. Kunci : C 192 Berprestasi= 0,2x 20.000 = 4.000x T.Prestasi = 0,8x 90.000 = 72.000x 76.000x = 18.240.000 x = 240, 0,8x = 192
××
8. Kunci : B Laba 8% H.Jual = (50 12.600) + (30 11.400) = 630.000 + 342.000 = 972.000 Laba = 900.000+900.000x= 972.000 900.000x = 72.000 x = 0,08 = 8%
×
×
9. Kunci : B 64.000 Harga beli + Laba = Harga jual Y + 0,225Y = 80.000 Y = 80.000/1,25 → Y = 64.000 10. Kunci : B 32% Diskon I : 20% Diskon II :15% x (100-20)% = 12% Total diskon = 20% + 12% = 32%
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 11
1. Kunci : E 3 2. Kunci : B 29/180 bagian Missal S adalah bagian yang dikerjakan. 50 pegawai magang 4 jam S 10 pegawai magang 4 jam S/5 10 pegawai magang 1 jam S/20 30 pegawai tetap 4,5 jam S 15 pegawai tetap 4,5 jam S/2 15 pegawai tetap 1 jam S/9 Bagian yang dikerjakan = S/20 + S/9 = (29/180) atau 29/180 bagian
↠↠↠ ↠↠ ↠
↠↠↠ ↠↠ ↠
A/C = 7/5 5A 5 (16 + C) 80 + 5C = 7C 2C C A B
= 7C = 7C = 80 = 40 = 56 = (56/4) x 3 = 42
7. Kunci : A - 88 -102x + 17y = 136 -17(6x – y) = (-17)(-8) (6x-y) = -8 dikali 11 untuk masing-masing ruas 11(6x – y) = (11)(-8) 66x – 11y = - 88
→
3. Kunci : C 2:5
++ + = 22xy3z =3x2z
4x2y6z=3x6z x2y=0 x=2y 2xy=2 2y y=5y x∶2xy 2y∶5y=2∶5 4. Kunci : C = 2.300.000
156=3. 4 50. 0 00 104= 156 = 3.450.000 = 2.300.000
Sepak bola dan Berenang (SΠB) = 7 42 = (14 7) + (X 7) + 7 + 18 42 = 25 + X X = 17, Maka, yang menyukai Sepak Bola saja = X 7 = 17 7 = 10
– –
6. Kunci : B 42 A – C = 16 A = 16 + C
8. Kunci : A 20 cm 4/30 150 = 20
×
9. Kunci : B 1/8 Misal jumlah siswa adalah S, maka; Pria ( P ) = 3/8 S Wanita (W) = 5/8 S Pria berambut lurus (PL) : 2/3 P = 2/3 × 3/8 S = 2/8 S Pria berambut tidak lurus (PTL): 3/8 – 2/8 = 1/8 S Jumlah rambut tidak lurus (TL): 2/8 S Maka, jumlah Wanita berambut tidak lurus (WTL): 2/8 2/8 = 1/8 S
5. Kunci : B 10 Berenang (B) =14
→
P
W
Total
TL
2/3 × 3/8 =1/4
3/4 1/4=4/8
3/4
L
3/8 1/8 3/8
5/8 – 4/8 =1/8 5/8
2/8
Total
22/8 =
10. Kunci : D 5 (14 x) + (18 x=5
x) + 3 + x = 30
1
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 12
1.
Kunci : E
Pegawai pabrik X ada yang tidak memakai kacamata 2. Kunci : D Ada hewan bertanduk menyukai bunga. 3. Kunci : B Sebagian bunga yang harum baunya berwarna 4. Kunci : D Tiga hari yang lalu Raka memakai dasi 5. Kunci : C Badan harimau menjadi kuat Badan harimau menjadi kuat karena makan daging manjangan yang bergizi 6. Kunci : D Ikan B berkembang biak dengan telur Ikan B berkembang biak dengan telur sesuai dengan premis mayor yang menyebutkan semua ikan berkembang biak dengan telur. 7. Kunci : C Rani tidak suka alpukat Jika Rani suka alpukat maka Rina suka tomat ekuivalen dengan pernyataan Jika Rina tidak suka tomat maka Rani tidak suka alpukat. Rina tidak suka Tomat. Dengan modus ponens, dapat ditarik kesimpulan Rani tidak suka alpukat
→ →
8. Kunci : B Sebagian ponsel ada fasilitas SMS dan internet Dengan menggunakan teori himpunan deperoleh kesimpulan kesimpulan sebagian ponsel ada fasilitas SMS dan internet 9. Kunci : D Ida minum teh setiap pagi 10. Kunci : B Sebagian hipotesis belum terbukti
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 13
1.
Kunci : D
S memiliki darah Jawa 2. Kunci : E Q memiliki darah Aceh 3. Kunci : D R memiliki darah Jawa 4. Kunci : C Suni dan Nini di kereta ketiga Bila Mono berada di kereta kedua, maka pernyataan yang benar adalah Suni dan Nini di kereta ketiga karena mereka tidak boleh duduk di satu kereta dengan Pani atau Qori sedangkan di kereta kedua tersisa satu tempat duduk. 5. Kunci : D Qori berada di kereta kedua Bila Rani berada di kereta pertama, maka pernyataan yang mungkin benar adalah Qori berada di kereta kedua (atau bisa di kereta ketiga) 6. Kunci : B Odi dan Pani berada di kereta ketiga Bila Mono dan Qori berada di kereta kedua, maka pernyataan berikut salah, kecuali Odi dan Pani berada di kereta ketiga karena Pani tidak boleh bersama dengan Suni atau Nini (kereta pertama)
7. Kunci : A Mono berada dikereta pertama Nila Odi berada di kereta ketiga, maka yang tidak mungkin benar adalah Mono berada dikereta pertama. Mono tidak mungkin berada di kereta pertama karena akan menyebabkan Suni atau Nini berada di satu kereta dengan Pani atau Qori. 8. Kunci : B Esty lebih tinggi daripada Bunga 9. Kunci : C Anis sama tinggi dengan Esty 10. Kunci : A Anis lebih tinggi daripada Dawiyah
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 14
1.
Kunci : E
25
6. Kunci : C I, L A, B, C , F, E, D, G, H, I , L, K, J
…
Sebenarnya pola huruf di atas berurutan, hanya saja setiap 3 huruf posisinya dibalik dengan urutan selang-seling. Perhatikan huruf yang ditebalkan.
2. Kunci : B JAK Ilustrasi: FAG - GAF - HAI - IAH = 617 – 716 – 819 – 918 Ket: A=1, B=2, dst Maka bilangan selanjutnya adalah angka pertama adalah 10 atau J, angka kedua selalu angka 1, sedangkan angka ketiga adalah selalu lebih besar dari angka pertama yaitu 10 sehingga angka ketiga pasti 11
7. Kunci : B 3,25 Ini dapat menggunakan cara barisan Fibonacci yaitu barisan bilangan yang suku selanjutnya diperoleh dengan cara menjumlahkan menjumlahkan 2 suku sebelumnya. Lihat polanya , , , 1 , 2= , , , , Maka bilangan selanjutnya adalah atau dijadikan desimal menjadi 3,25
41
35
37
31
35
29
29
Yang paling mungkin selanjutnya a
3. Kunci : C 15625 1 8 81 12 23 34
1024 45 selanjutnya selanjutnya 53
4. Kunci : C J, N Sama seperti soal no.86, Pola pertama +3 Pola kedua +3 5. Kunci : B 86 5, 25, 32, 45, 59, 65, 86 Pada barisan ini terdiri dari 2 bariosan yaitu 5,32,59 dengan pola +27 dan 25,45,65 dengan pola +20
8. Kunci : A E Perhatikan polanya: 1-3-5-7, dst adalah huruf E 9. Kunci : B 21, 34 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,34 Suku ke-n adalah penjumlahan dua suku sebelumnya 10. Kunci : C 11 5__7__11__17__25__35 +2 +4 +6 +8 +10
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 15
1.
Kunci : C
6 Februari 2014 2. Kunci : A 96 Suku ke-3=suku ke-7 Ar2 = a+6b 4r2 = 4+6b 4r2 - 6b – 4 = 0 (4r+2) (r-2) = 0 R = - 1/2 r=2 4r5 - (a+14b) = 4r5 - (a+14b) = 4(2)5 - (4+(14.2)) = 128 - 32 = 96 3. Kunci : C 460 Koin 500 = Rp. 30.000 = 60 koin Koin 200 = Rp. 60.000 = 300 koin Koin 100 = Rp. 10.000 = 100 koin Jumlah = 460 koin 4. Kunci : C 55 a–b = 5 → a = b +5 2 2 a + b = (a+b)2 – 1500 a2 + b2 = a2 + 2ab + b 2 - 1500 2ab = 1500 2 (b+5)b = 1500 5b + b2 = 750 b2 + 5b – 750 = 0 (b – 25) (b+30) b = 25 a = 30
5. Kunci : B 884 Di antara 20, ..., 116 disisipi 11 bilangan. Selisih baru = (116 – 20)/12 = 8
∑ deret hitung = (13/2)(20+116) = 884 6. Kunci : C 10 2X + 4Y = 40 2X + 2X 4X X
= 40 = 40 = 10
7. Kunci : C 66 Un = a + (n – 1)b 45 = a + (6 x (-7)) a = 87, sehingga U4 = 87 – 21 = 66 8. Kunci : D 81 9. Kunci : D ao = 1 a1 = (ao – 1)2 = o a2 = (a1 – 1)2 = (1)2 = 1 a3 = (a2 – 1)2 = o 10. Kunci : D 250 n x med = 5 x 50 = 250
KUNCI LATIHAN BAB 16
1.
8. Kunci : C Gambar diputar
Kunci : A
Diputar kekiri ± 100o
2. Kunci : A Diputar kekiri ±
9. Kunci : E Gambar diputar
135o
3. Kunci : D Diputar kekanan atau kekiri dua kali ( )
180o
6. Kunci : C Panah jadi garis, garis jadi lingkaran, arah disesuaikan.
135o
berlawanan dengan
searah jarum jam
berlawanan dengan
Kunci : E
Bangun yang ditengah (bulan sabit) diputar kemudian ditukar posisi, persegi pertama dari dalam dibelah sesuai diagonal dari kiri keatas kanan bawah
90o
170o
5. Kunci : E Persegi putih jadi abu-abu, lingkaran abuabu jadi putih
Kunci : A
Gambar diputar arah jarum jam 11.
4. Kunci : C Diputar kekanan ±
7. Kunci : B Gambar diputar arah jarum jam
10.
90o 180o 90o
12.
Kunci : E
Abjad yang ada berubah menjadi urutan abjad sebelumnya, missal K J. Sedangkan bangun trapezium diputar dan bangun segitiga dicerminkan.
180o
↠
TES BAHASA INGGRIS (TBI)
TO BE AND PRONOUN CHAPTER 1
I.
TO BE
TO V1
V1
PRESENT
PAST/V2
V3
V-ing
TO BE
BE
Is,am,are
Was,were
Been
Being
Penggunaan to be: 1. Diikuti kata benda (noun) Example: ➢ Their hobby are playing football. ➢ There was a factory behind my house. 2. Diikuti kata sifat (adjective) Example: ➢ My father is handsome. ➢ My mother is beautiful. 3. Diikuti keterangan tempat (adverb of place) Example: ➢ My home is in Aceh. ➢ The boxes are under stairs. 4. Diikuti oleh V-ing menyatakan sedang terjadi (continues tense) Example: ➢ She is watching tv. ➢ I am playing badminton. 5. Diikuti oleh V3 menyatakan kalimat passive (Passive Voice) Example: ➢ Banana is eaten by me. ➢ Rice is cooked by her.
II. PRONOUN
Subject Pron
Object Pron
Possesive Adj
Possesive Pron
Reflexsive Pron
I
ME
MY
MINE
MYSELF
YOU
YOU
YOUR
YOURS
YOURSELF
YOU
YOU
YOUR
YOURS
YOURSELVES
WE
US
OUR
OURS
OURSELVES
THEY
THEM
THEIR
THEIRS
THEMSELVES
HE
HIM
HIS
HIS
HIMSELF
SHE
HER
HER
HERS
HERSELF
IT
IT
ITS
ITS
ITSELF
1. Subject Pronoun digunakan sebagai subjek dalam kalimat Example: ➢ He is my father. ➢ It is a ruler in the class. 2. Object Pronoun digunakan sebagai objek dalam kalimat Example: ➢ She loves me forever. ➢ The robbery hit him. 3. Possesive Adjective digunakan untuk menyatakan kepunyaan yang diikuti kata benda Example: ➢ That is my father. ➢ Her handphone is very good. 4. Possesive Pronoun digunakan untuk menyatakan kepunyaan tetapii tidak diikuti kata b enda Example: ➢ That is not my pen. It is yours. ➢
I don’t carry my pen. May I borrow yours?
5. Reflexsive Pronoun digunakan untuk menunjukan keegiatan yang dilakukan mengenai si pelaku sendiri atau untuk menunjukan bahwa suatu kegiatan dilakukan oleh si pelaku sendiri Example: ➢ My friend does the task by himself. ➢ My mother makes cake herself.
EXERCISE CHAPTER 1
1.
They critize … buying such an expensive car in this monetary crisis. A. She B. She`s C. Her D. Hers (USM STAN 2014 : 126)
2.
4.
7.
Promoting … goods and services, the company salesman also bid an opportunity to earn some profit. A. They B. Their C. Its D. It (USM STAN 2010 : 149)
His mother explicity told he not to go out A. B. the river by himself, but he did not listen. C. D.
Some of the shops I wanted to see … no longer in the city. A. Is B. Are C. Have D. Were
(USM STAN 2013 : 158)
(USM STAN 2009 : 146)
I had had so few job offers that its was not A. B. C. difficult to select one. one. D. (USM STAN 2011 : 159)
5.
Their selves Themselves By theirselves By themselves
(USM STAN 2010 : 129)
The materials was got from this English A. couse is different with the materials we B. C. learned from school. D. (USM STAN 2014 : 156)
3.
A. B. C. D.
I had had so few job offers that its was not A . B. C. difficult to select one. one. D. (USM STAN 2011 : 159)
8.
9.
In the meeting, we gave the clients our A. B. telephone number, and they gave their. C. D. (USM STAN 2009 : 151)
10. Ah! I found our ticket. Here … A. We are B. They are C. Are they D. These are (USM STAN 2002 : 195)
6.
Now that their children are grown up, Mr.
and Mrs. Grayson live ….
NOTES
........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ........................... .....
TENSES CHAPTER 2
I.
PRESENT TENSES A. Simple Present Tense
Simple Present digunakan untuk : 1. Menyatakan kejadian yang merupakan kebiasaan (habitual action ). Example: I always study every night 2. Menyatakan kejadian yang merupakan kebenaran umum (general truth) Example: World is round 3. Menyatakan kejadian saat ini yang menggunakan stative verb Example: I love you Form : S + V1 s es + O C S + do/does + V1 + O/C S + to be (is, am, are) + adjective/noun/adverb
Stative Verb : Know Understand Have Believe Hate
Need Hear Love Appear See
like See Smell Want Taste
Wish Sound Own
Adverb of time : everyday, once, twice, three times, etc. Adverb of frequency : always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, etc. (Hal ini berlaku apabila tidak ada keterangan waktu lampau.) Example : ➢ The sun rises from east (general truth) ➢ Budi goes to library everyday (habit) ➢ They usually play football once a month B. Present Continious Tense
Present Continious digunakan untuk : 1. Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung saat ini 2. Menyatakan kejadian yang akan berlangsung
Form : S + be (is,am,are) + Ving + O/C
Adverb of time :
now, right now, now, at present, present, at this time, at this moment, at ...
o’clock Example : ➢ The childrenare listening to the music right now ➢ The headmaster is renovating his house at this time C. Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect digunakan untuk: 1. Menyatakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lampau dan masih terjadi sampai sekarang. 2. Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi pada masa lampau, tetapi masih ada hubungannya sampai sekarang. (hasilnya terlihat/terasa sampai sekarang)
Form : S + have/has + V3 + O/C S + Have/has + been + adjective/noun/number
Biasanya diikuti oleh : already, just, yet Example : ➢ She has already swept the floor ➢ He has just moved to another country D. Present Perfect Continious Tense
Present Perfect Continious Tense Digunakan untuk : Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah berlangsung beberapa lama dan terus berlangsung sampai sekarang
Form : S + have/has + been + Ving +O/C + O/C
Adverb of time : forth five years, since yesterday, all these month, etc.
Example : ➢ It has been raining since yesterday ➢ Jono and Supri have been playing football for an hour. II. PAST TENSES A. Simple Past Tense
Simple past digunakan untuk :
Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau
Form: S + V2 +O/C S + did + not + V1 + O/C
Adverb of time : +last month, three hours ago, yesterday, just now, etc. S + was/were adjective/noun/number Example : ➢ Lia wrote a letter yesterday ➢ He went to Pondok Ranji last week ➢ I always swam in the pool when I was young B. Past Continious Tense
Past Continious digunakan untuk : Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlansung pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau
Form : S + be(was/were) + Ving Past Continious +when + Past tense (utamakan simple past) Past Continious +when + Past tense (utamakan past c ontinious) Adverb of time : at ... o’clock yesterday, At this moment ... ago, At this time last ...
Example : ➢ I was playing football at 9 last night ➢ They were studying Biology at this time yesterday ➢ Anto was driving on Main Street when his car broke down C. Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect digunakan untuk : 1. Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah selesai terjadi di masa lampau 2. Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi sebelum kejadian lain di masa lampau Form : S + had + V3 + O/C S + had + been + ad ective/noun/number • • • •
S + had + V III before S + VII After S + had + V III , S + VII S + had + V III when S + VII (boleh terbalik) By the time + S.past
Bisa diikuti oleh : already, just
Example: ➢ Fatin had already swept the floor before her mother came home ➢ After Jono had locked the door, he went to bed D. Past Perfect Continous Tenses
Past Perfect Continious digunakan untuk : Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah berlangsung beberapa lama tetapi masih terus berlangsung ketika kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau
Form : S + had + been been + Vin Vin + O/C
Pemakaian: •
Before + S + V 2, S + had been + V-ing for... • When + S + V2, S + had + been + V-ing for... • By the time + S.past Catatan : harus diikuti oleh for
Example : ➢ Bunga had been crying for half an hour when I came ➢ Karina whased the pipettes after she had been completting the experiment III.FUTURE III. FUTURE TENSES A. Simple Future Tenses
Simple Future digunakan untuk : Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi pada masa yang akan datang
Form : S + will + V1 + O/C S + will + be + adjective/noun/number
S + tobe (is,am,are) + going to + V1 + O/C Simple Future + as soon as + Simple Present
Adverb of time : tonight, next ... , soon, tomorrow, the following day
Example : ➢ I will play badminton tomorrow ➢ She will go abroad next year ➢ He is going to go to Ciamis this tonight B. Future Continious Tense
Future Continious digunakan untuk : Menyatakan kegiatan yang akan sedang dilakukan pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang
Form : S + will + be + Ving + O/C Adverb of time : At this moment (at this time / at ... o’clock), Tomorrow (next ... / the
following day), At 11 tonight Example : ➢ We will be playing badminton at 8 tomorrow ➢ She will be teaching English at this time next month C. Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect digunakan untuk : Menyatakan kejadian yang akan sudah selesai terjadi dimasa yang akan datang
Form : S + will + have + V3 + O/C
Adverb of time : By next ... , By the end of this ... , By the time S + V1(s/es) + O/C
Example: the letter by the time you remind them ➢ She will have sent the ➢ By the end of this next week, I will have finished reading my books D. Future Perfect Continious Tense
Future Perfect Continious digunakan untuk : Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah berlangsung beberapa waktu yang lama dimasa yang akan datang
Form : S + will + have + been + Ving + O/C
Adverb of time : By next ... , By the end of this ... , By the time S + V1 (s/es) + O/C
Example : ➢ By next month, he will have been living here for three years ➢ By the time the man finishes his assigment, his wife will have been accompanying him for more than four hours
EXERCISE CHAPTER 2
1.
Dewi … a speech at this time tomorrow. A. Gives B. Will be given C. Is giving D. Will be giving
6.
(USM STAN 2014 : 122)
2.
Rachel …. The course for three months by next week . A. Will take B. Will have taken C. Would take D. Is going to take
Kristina … to an opera before she lived in Jakarta. A. Was never going B. Has never gone C. Had never gone D. Did not go (USM STAN 2009 : 140)
7.
I started school when I was five fi ve years old. I … a student for seventeen years now. A. Am to be B. Am C. Am being D. Have been (USM STAN 2006 : 161)
(USM STAN 2014 : 137)
8. 3.
The mechanic is examining the machine of the yacht so that I … Smoothly on its first voyage. A. Could sail B. Sailed C. Has sailed D. Will sail (USM STAN 2013 : 141)
4.
The chief accountant ... the monthly report for seven hours when the director arrived. A. Had been scrutinizing B. Has been scrutinizing C. Had been scrutinized D. Has been scrutinized (USM STAN 2011 : 133)
5.
The children … by the time their pasrents got home. A. Sleep B. Was sleeping C. Has already slept D. Had already slept (USM STAN 2010 : 141)
Because the river … steadily since Sunday, the residents of the area have been advised to prepare for flood conditions. A. Has been rise B. Rise C. Had risen D. Is rising (USM STAN 2006 : 163)
9.
Ditto … Indonesia before he came to Jakarta to study in the international student program. A. Had never visited B. Has never visited C. Never visited D. Would never visited (USM STAN 2006 : 174)
10. Tony is going return to Aceh as soon as he …
is university diploma’s degree. A. Gets B. Will get C. Would get D. Got (USM STAN 2005 : 174)
NOTES
........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ ....
PASSIVE VOICE CHAPTER 3
Basic Formula : To be + V3
To be :
Present Past
: is/am/are : was/were Setelah “to” dan “modal” : be Continuous : being Perfect : been ❖
The Verb “need”
If the subject is animate, the form : need + to V1
Example: ➢ I need to learn English ➢ He need to stay in home tonight If the subject is inanimate, the form : need need + to be + Verb Verb 3
or
need need + v- In
Example: ➢ The house needs to be painted ➢ The house needs painting It also possible to use In need of + noun
Example: ➢ I am in need of money ➢ The organization is in need of volunteer
PRESENT
SIMPLE PRESENT
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
S + V1 (s/es)
S + be(is/am/are) + V3
She writes a letter
A letter is written by her
S + is/am/are + Ving PRESENT CONTINIOUS
S + is/am/are + being + V3
Jono is writting a letter
A letter is being written by Jono
PRESENT PERFECT
S + Have/has + V3 Jono has written a letter
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINIOUS
S + have/has + been + Ving
S + Have/has + been + V3 A letter has been written by Jono
S + have/has + been + being +V3
Jono has been writting a letter
A letter has been being written by Jono
S + V2
S + was/were + V3
Jono wrote a letter
A letter was written by Jono
PAST
SIMPLE PAST
PAST CONTINIOUS
PAST PERFECT
PAST PERFECT CONTINIOUS
S + was/were + Ving Jono was writting a letter
S + had + V3 Jono had written a letter
S + had + been + Ving
S + was/were + being + V3 A letter was being written by Jono
S + had + been + V3 A letter had been written by Jono
S + had + been + being + V3
Jono had been writing a letter
A letter had been being written by Jono
S + will + V1
S + will + be + V3
Jono will write a letter
A letter will be writen by Jono
FUTURE
SIMPLE FUTURE
FUTURE CONTINIOUS
FUTURE PERFECT
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINIOUS
S + will + be + Ving Jono will be writtiing a letter
S + will + have + V3
S + will + be + being + V3 A letter will be being written by Jono
S + will + have + been + V3
Jono will have written a letter
A letter will have been written by Jono
S + will + have + been + Ving
S + will + have + been + being + V3
Jono will have been writting a letter
A letter will have been being Written by Jono
EXERCISE CHAPTER 3
1.
sales manager told us that the bill … A. Have already been paid B. Has already been paid C. Was already paid D. Had already been paid
Michael`s report … discussed when I called Prof . Smith this afternoon. A. Was being B. Been C. Being D. Have been
(USM STAN 2013 : 134)
(USM STAN 2007 : 158)
Before we checked out of the hotel, the
2. Many people in that hotel were frightened … the bombing threat issued by the terrorists. A. Off B. By C. At D. With
6.
7.
February 29 … their birthday on February 28 in non – leap years. A. Celebrates B. Would ceebrate C. Celebrated D. Would have celebrated
(USM STAN 2010 : 136)
3.
The recent progress report … to the Branch Manager. A. Submits B. Will submit C. Will be submitted D. Will be submitting
Henry VIII ruled that people born in
(USM STAN 2007 : 162)
8.
(USM STAN 2010 : 150)
All of my time … in the library A. Has spending B. Is spent C. Are spent D. Spending (USM STAN 2006 : 159)
4.
Sari … to school with her friends at 6.30 a.m. Tomorrow. A. Walks B. Is going to walk C. Will be walking D. Will have walked (USM STAN 2009 : 131)
5.
… dinner tonight, with Mr, Capello and i`d like to invite you to come along. A. We would have B. We`ve just C. We`re having D. We have (USM STAN 2007 : 157)
9.
The proposal … discussed when I called the office this morning A. Been B. Being C. have been D. was being (USM STAN 2006 : 169)
10. Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Negara (STAN) … as one of the best colleges c olleges in Indonesia. A. Is regarded B. Regarded C. Regards D. Regarding (USM STAN 2005 : 166)
NOTES
............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................ ..... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ........................... ..... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ........................... ..... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ ................................................................... ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ........................... ..... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................ ...... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ........................... ..... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ........................... ..... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ .... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................. .............................. .......
CLAUSE CHAPTER 4
CLAUSES
Adalah sekelompok kata yang telah mengandung subjek dan predikat, tetapi b elum mengungkapkan gagasan yang lengkap. Terdiri atas: I.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Adalah anak kalimat yang menjelaskan noun, biasanya bi asanya dihubungkan dengan relative pronoun. Relative pronoun adalah kata ganti penghubung yang digunakan untuk membentuk adjective clause, sebuah kalimat yang berasal dari dua buah kalimat. Relative Pronoun menggantikan satu atau dua frase benda yang identik dan menghubungkan klausa satu dengan yang lainnya, dimana nantinya klausa/kalimat yang satu akan menerangkan bagian kalimat lainnya. Jenis-jenis Relative Pronoun :
Person Thing
Subject
Object
Possesive
Who/that
Whom/that
Whose
Which/that
Which/that
Of which
1. Who (subject of person)
Example : The boy is my brother. He broke this window yesterday br other ➢ The boy who broke this window yesterday is my brother ➢ The boy that broke this window yesterday is my brother 2. Whom
(object of person)
Example : The man looked so young. I saw him driving a bus ➢ The man whom I saw driving a bus looked so young ➢ You can invite whom ever you want 3. Whose (possesive of person and thing)
Example : The girl looks funny. Her hat is yellow ➢ The girl whose hat is yellow looks funny 4. Which
(Subject (Subject and Object of thing)
Example : The book is expensive. I bought it in the bookstore over there i n the bookstore over there is expensive ➢ The book which I bought in 5. Of which (Possesive (Possesive of thing)
Example :
The house is old. Its doors are broken ➢ The house, the doors of which are broken, br oken, is old Untuk adjactive clause yang mengandung unsur kata depan, posisi kata depan biasanya didepan relative pronoun. Example : i s talking to them. ➢ The men are angry. The girl is The men to whom the girl is taking are angry ➢ The store is big. I bought the ice cream from it. The store from which I bought the ice cream is big 6. Quantitas + Relative Pronoun
One Two Whom (Person) Some Which (Thing) of Many Whose (Possesive) Most Several. Example: ➢ The car, many of which are made in Japan, need repairing ➢ The students, some of whom study in Zahra Stan are clever ➢ The teacher, one of whose children is my friend, teaches very well II. NOUN CLAUSE
Adalah anak kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda dengan menggunakan : That What Who Which S+P Where When Why Wheter 1. Sebagai Subjek Terletak di awal kalimat Example : ➢ What he has done admires everybody in his class room. ➢ Whether he could pass the test will be announced next week. 2. Sebagai Objek Terletak setelah kata kerja Example : ➢ Nobody knows why he was involved in the school fighting yesterday ➢ He realizes that he has lost his new red key 3. Sebagai Pelengkap (komplementer) Terletak setelah to be atau berfungsi sebagai pelengkap keterangan Example :
➢ ➢
That is what she want I have no idea why he leaves me alone alone
III.ADVERBIAL III. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
Adalah anak kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai kata keterangan. Kebanyakan adverbial clause dibentuk oleh kata penghubung. Jenis-jenis : 1. Adverb Clause of Reason (menerangkan alasan) • •
Because, as, since, for + S + P Because of + due to + owing to + Noun Phrase Example: ➢
He didn’t go to library because he was ill
2. Adverb Clause of Result (Menyatakan hasil suatu pekerjaan) • • • • •
So, hence, thus, therefore, concequently So + adjective/adverb + that + S + P Such + noun + that + S + P S + verb + So + Many / Few + Count noun (plural) S + verb + So + Much /Little + Uncountable noun Example: ➢
He didn’t study hard; therefore he didn’t pass t he test
➢
She is so friendly that everyone likes her
3. Adverb Clause of Purpose (menerangkan tujuan dari suatu pekerjaan) • • •
So that + S + P In order that + S + P In order to + V1 Example: ➢ He plans to visit the village so that he can meet his uncle. ➢ I save money in order to buy a cyclye 4. Adverb Clause of Contrast (menunjukkan pertentangan) • • •
Although,eventhough,however,nevertheless Although,eventhough,however,nevertheless,whereas,still ,whereas,still + S + P On the other hand,but,yet,while + sentence Despite, inspite of + Nound Example : ➢ Although it rains heavily, he keeps going out ➢ He always revises his lesson at home, yet he still fails in the test 5. Adverb Clause of Place (Menyatakan tempat) •
Where, wherever, in which + S + P Example : ➢ This isn the town where I was born 6. Adverb Clause of Time (Menerangkan waktu) •
When, on which, after, before, while, since + sentence Example : ➢ It is the month when He started to study at school ➢ The boy had called the girl before he came to her house ➢ When Jono was young, he used to play badminton 7. Adverb Clause of Extra Information (Menerangkan tambahan) •
In addition, beside, moreover, furthermore, In addition to Example : r ich and intelligent ➢ The young woman is beautiful. In addition, she is rich
EXERCISE CHAPTER 4
1.
There are many good people in the world … you can trust to help you. A. Which B. Whose C. Whom D. Of which
D.
(USM STAN 2011 : 145)
6.
(USM STAN 2014 : 128)
2. … the tardy response, I was not allowed to enter the institution. A. Despite B. In spite of C. Because D. Because of
… Its remote location, the western outpost of Bethel, Alaska has its share of big-city problems. A. Instead B. Although C. Because D. Despite
7.
(USM STAN 2013 : 146)
5.
... , the family were satisfied with the holiday. A. Beside the hotel B. Among the hotel C. Between the hotel
Coral reefs area … small fish live and take helter are damaged now. A. Which B. Of whose C. In where D. In which (USM STAN 2009 : 125)
8.
… taufik hidayat won the sudirman cup is the pride of indonesia. A. That B. As C. Thus D. However (USM STAN 2009 : 127)
(USM STAN 2013 : 132)
4. The man decided to resign from his job … His proposal of increasing the salary was rejected. A. Thus B. As C. Hence D. Because of
… the global economy crisis, many labours lost their job. A. Because of B. Because C. Despite D. In spite of (USM STAN 2010 : 140)
(USM STAN 2014 : 129)
3.
Besides the hotel
9.
The farmers exterminate rodents in their
farmland … they damage the crops. A. If B. Though C. However D. As (USM STAN 2009 : 143)
10. I was scared, … I was also curious about the old lady. A. Yet B. But C. Instead D. And (USM STAN 2006: 162)
NOTES
........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ........................... .....
DERIVATIVES AND QUESTION TAG CHAPTER 5 DERIVATIVES
Adalah pembentukan jenis kata baru dengan penambahan imbuhan, terdiri atas: A. Noun Suffixes (Pembentukan kata benda dengan penambahan akhiran)
Discuss (v) + ion ➢ State (v) + ment ➢ Dark (adj) + ness ➢ Real (adj) + ity ➢ Differ (v) + ence ➢ Child (n) + hood ➢ Air (n) + ship Adjective + noun Example: Beautiful girl Article + noun Example: The airport ➢
• •
= Discussion = Statement = Darkness = Reality = Difference = Childhood = Airship
B. Adjective suffixes (Pembentukan kata sifat dengan penambahan akhiran)
Beauty (n) + ful = Beautyful = Powerless ➢ Power (n) + less = Sandy ➢ Sand (n) + y = Economic ➢ Economy (n) + ic ➢ Danger (n) + ous = Dangerous ➢ History (n) + ical = Historical ➢ Child (n) + ish = Childish = Active ➢ Act (v) + ive = Different ➢ Differ (v) + ent = Countable ➢ Count (v) + able To be + adjective Example : Smoking is dangerous Linking verbs + adhjective Example : She looks beautiful ➢
• •
Yang termasuk Linking verb adalah SeBeLAH SoFT Seem Become Look Appear Happened Sound Feel T aste aste C. Verb Suffuxes & Prefixes (Pembentukan kata kerja dgn. penambahan awalan&akhiran) ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢
Sweet (adj) + en Lenght (n) + en Central (n) + ize Beauty (n) + ify
Sweeten Lenghten Centralize Beautify
En + Sure Ensure Verb + adverb Example : He runs quickly To + V1 Example : To sweeten ➢
• •
QUESTION TAG
Adalah bentuk pertanyaan di akhir kalimat yang berfungsi untuk menegaskan suatu pernyataan. Form: • •
Positive sentence, negative question tag (aux/be + not + S) Negative sentence, positive question tag (aux/be + S)
Notes: Subject harus berupa kata ganti (pronoun), jika terdapat kata never, hardly, barely, rarely, scarcely maka kalimat tersebut negative. Pola khusus: • I am • I am not •
Let’s
•
That/this is
= = = =
Aren’t I Am I Shall we Isn’t it
Main clause, subordinate clause, question tag (main clause)? Example: ➢ Chandra and Catrine will be given gift, won’t they? ➢ He said that he c ouldn’t accompanied me, didn’t he?
EXERCISE CHAPTER 5
1.
The three major employers of career c areer A. physics are academic institutions, B. C. government laboratories , and private
(USM STAN 2011: 157)
6.
Industries.
gone, … ? A. Did it B. Didn’t it C. Was it D. Was’n it
(USM STAN 2014 : 154)
(USM STAN 2010 : 145)
D.
2.
Nothing went wrong when the director was
When entering a Japanese home or restaurant, it is ... to t o remove shoes. A. Customary B. Customs C. Customer D. Costumy
7.
Faiz almost never eat at home, … ? A. Did he B. Would he C. Had she D. Didn’t she (USM STAN 2005 : 172)
(USM STAN 2011 : 144)
8. 3.
Although he wrote her for several times, he has never met his daughter, … ? A. Did he B. Is he C. Does he D. Has he (USM STAN 2013 : 128)
4.
Even with the nomination out out of reach, A. B. he appeared unwillingness unwillin gness to C. D. concede. (USM STAN 2011 : 156)
5.
The late prehistoric rock-art sites of an A. B. Iberian Peninsula form for m an exceptionally exception ally C. D. large group.
He’s already read the letter, … ? A. Hasn’t he B. Isn’t he C. Doesn’t he D. Hasn’t it (USM STAN 2003 : 162)
9.
Let’s go to the stadium, … ? A. Will we B. Don’t we C. Are we D. Shall we (USM STAN 2002: 175)
10. There are only 90 questions in this test, … ? A. Did there B. Didn’t there C. Don’t there D. Aren’t there (USM STAN 2009 CRASH PROGRAM : 126)
NOTES ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. .....
PREFERENCE AND COMPARISON CHAPTER 6 PREFERENCE
Adalah ungkapan untuk menyatakan suatu pilihan atau untuk menunjukkan bahwa seseorang lebih menyukai sesuatu hal/barang dari pada yang lainnya. 1. Preference dengan menyebutkan pembanding
Form: • Like + noun/Ving + better than + noun/Ving • Prefer +noun/Ving + to + noun/Ving • Would rather + V1 + than + V1 • Would prefer + to V1 + rather than + V1 Example: ➢ She likes dancing better than singing ➢ I prefer Fanta to Pocary Sweat ➢ He would rather walk than run ➢ He would prefer to stay at home rather than swim on the water 2. Preference tanpa menyebutkan pembanding
Form: • Prefer + to V1 • Prefer + Ving • Would rather + V1 • Would prefer + to V1 Example: ➢ She prefer to dance/dancing ➢ I would rather go with you ➢ He would prefer to stay at home COMPARISON
Adalah mengindikasikan tingkat perbedaan atau persamaan dari kata sifat / keterangan, terdiri atas: 1. Positive degree (Perbandingan setara) Pola: • As + adj/adv +as • Not + so + adj/adv + as • The same + noun + as • As + sentence • Like + noun • Alike • Different ... from ...
Noun
Adjective
Weight
Heavy, light
Widht
Wide, narrow
Depth
Deep, Shallow
Length
Long, short
Size
Big, small
Example: ➢ The beautiful lady is as tall as you are ➢ The beautiful lady is not so tall as you are ➢ You are the same age as I am ➢ This car and that one is alike 2. Comparative degree (Perbandingan Lebih)
Jika terdiri dari 1 suku kata • Adj/adverb + er + than Example: ➢ He is taller than she is Jika terdiri lebih dari 1 suku kata • More + adj/adverb + than Example: ➢ The book is more thick than the dictionary ➢ Your garden is more beautiful than mine ➢ He is more handsome than you 3. Superlative degree (Perbandingan paling) Jika terdiri dari 1 suku kata • The + adj/adverb + est Example: ➢ She is the smartest girl in our school Jika terdiri dari lebih 1 suku kata • The + most/least + adj/adverb Example: ➢ The car is the most expensive car in the world ➢ Everest is the highest mountain in the world
POSITIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
GOOD/WELL
BETTER
THE BEST
BAD/ILL
WORSE
THE WORST
LITTLE
LESS
THE LEAST
MUCH/MANY
MORE
THE MOST
FAR (JARAK)
FARTHER
THE FARTHEST
FAR (INFORMASI)
FURTHER
THE FURTHEST
IRREGULER COMPARISON 1. Multiple Number comparative : half, twice, three times, etc
Form: Multiple number + as + much/many + noun + as + noun/pronoun
Example: ➢ This swallow costs twice as much as the other one 2. Double Comparative
Form: The comparative degree + S + Verb + the comparat ive degree + S + Verb
Example: ➢ The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel ➢ The more you study, the smarter you will become 3. Of the two nouns : Form: S + verb + the + comparative + of the two nouns
Example: ➢ Harvey is the smarter of two boys
EXERCISE CHAPTER 6
1.
The cellular phone which she bought is … one in the promo. A. Cheaper B. The cheapest C. Cheapest D. The cheaper
6.
Our first tour detinantion in Asia is … our next destination. A. Farther than B. The farther than C. Farthest than D. The farthest than (USM STAN 2010 : 147)
(USM STAN 2014 : 150)
2. Even though the next generation phone is
thin, the program is … the last one. A. As twice complicated as B. Twice more complicated than C. Twice as complicated as D. More complicated than twice (USM STAN 2013 : 131)
7. We would rather study for the final A. B. exam tomorrow better than go C. shopping. D. (USM STAN 2010 : 152)
8.
3. The graphic shows that the sales in March is
slightly … Than sales in February. A. Low B. Lower C. Lowest D. The lower (USM STAN 2013 : 150)
4.
The earlier the young players get the A. chance to play in International events, B. the best they will be in the future. C. D. (USM STAN 2013 : 160)
5.
Of the three dresses she has just bought, the dark blue one is ... A. More expensive B. The more expensive C. Most expensive D. The most expensive (USM STAN 2011 : 149)
The biggest mistake people can make with their dogs is to treat them alike A. B. D. humans. (USM STAN 2010 : 153)
9.
The more I think about philosophy, … A. The less I understand it B. I like it less C. Better I like it D. It likes better (USM STAN 2005 : 169)
10. The art of singing is … humanity A. As old B. Old as C. As old as D. So old (USM STAN 2004 : 161)
C.
NOTES ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ........................... .....
PARALLELISM, ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES, AND CONCORDANCE CHAPTER 7
PARALLELISM
Adalah sebuah kesesuaian atau kesetaraan antara unsur unsur dalam kalimat parralelism dengan menggunakan konjungsi (and, but, or). Example: ➢ Harry is not a lawyer but a teacher ➢ Tom is rich and clever Parralelism dengan menggunakan konjungsi berpasangan (both ... and ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...) Example: ➢ I can not find the book either in your room or in your bag ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES
Adalah Penggabungan dua kalimat setara dengan menghilangkan bagian dari predikat yang sama untuk menghindari terjadinya pengulangan, terdiri atas: A. Positive Eliptic : Penggabungan 2 kalimat positif setara
Form: • Sentence, and S + be/aux + too • Sentence, and so + be/aux + S Example: ➢ Arya went to the movie last night ➢ Sara wen to the movie last night Answer: ➢ Arya went to the movie last night and so did sara ➢ Arya went to the movie last night and Sara did too B. Negative Elliptic : penggabungan 2 kalimat negative setara
Form : • Sentence (-), and S + be/aux + not + either • Sentence (-), and nneither + aux/be + S Example : ➢ His sister is not nurse ➢ My sister is not nurse Answer ➢ His sister is not nurse and my sister is not either ➢ His sister is not nurse and neither is my sister CONCORDANCE
Adalah penyesuai subjek dan predikat dalam suatu kalimat;
•
Subjek tunggal + predikat tunggal (is, was/has/V1(s/es) • Subjek jamak + predikat jamak (are/were, have,V1) Subjek Tunggal
Predikat tunggal
1. Ungkapannya menyatakan jumlah, uang, waktu, berat, jarak, dan volume Example: ➢ Twelve months has 365 days ➢ Five hundred miles is a long jurney to drive dr ive in one day 2. Subjek yang terbentuk dari gerund (V.ing) dianggap tunggal Example: ➢ Swimming is my hobby 3. Judul buku, majalah, koran & film walaupun bentuknya jamak harus dianggap tunggal. Example: ➢ The New York Times is one of the best newspaper in the USA. 4. Kata atau frasa tertentu Each, each of, neither of, every, the number of, one of Example: ➢ Neither of these books is interesting ➢ The number of workers increases each year 5. Nama pelajaran (Economics, mathemaatics, physics), nama penyakit (measles, mumps), kata benda abstrak (news, ethics, politics) Example: ➢ Mathematics is a difficult subject Subjek Jamak
Predikat Jamak
1. Kata penghubung ... and ... atau both ... and ... Example: ➢ A Blackberry and Nokia are for sale ➢ Both Santi and Susan are my sister 2. Kata several, many, few, both bermakna jamak Example: ➢ Only a few have passed the exam 3. Pakaian (clothes, trousers, pants), perkakas (scissors, pliers) Example: ➢ Your sun glasses are broken Predikat mengikuti subjek pertama •
S1 as well as S2 • S1 together with S2 • S1 along with S2 Example: ➢ The man as well as his two children is staying at hotel Predikat mengikuti subjek kedua •
Neither + S1 + nor + S2 • Either + S1 + or + S2 Example: ➢ Neither the students and the teacher is able to solve their problem.
EXERCISE CHAPTER 7
1.
Tigor likes to talk to his dogs, takes A. B. them for a walk twice a day, and C. feeding them expensive dog food D.
D.
6.
The movie The Kings’s Speech is awarded
Oscar for its screenplay as well as …. A. Awarded for its cast member B. For its cast member C. Cast member D. It is for cast member
Neither of those people understand the A. B. importance and the risk of this project. C. D.
7.
People who achieve success do many A. B. C. different things before, like studying, working, and to attend classes in D. Universities. (USM STAN 2013 : 152)
5.
The role of a geologist varies not only with his area of specialization, but also ... A. It varies with experience earned on the occupational specialties B. With experience earned on the occupational specialties C. Varies with experience earned on the occupational specialties
Ira barely sleeps before midnight, and … A. Ita does not either B. Neither does Ita C. Either does Ita D. Does not Ita either (USM STAN 2010 : 121)
8.
(USM STAN 2013 : 156)
4.
In the movie, the ac tor has showed a A. B. C. fiercely, fierc ely, dreamy and brave character. D. (USM STAN 2011 : 154)
(USM STAN 2013 : 144)
3.
on
(USM STAN 2011 : 135)
(USM STAN 2014 : 155)
2.
Its experience earned occupational specialties
I am worried about the test, and … A. Also is he B. So is he C. He is also D. So he does (USM STAN 2003 : 167)
9.
If Jack’s wife wont agree to sign the papers, … A. Either won’t he B. Neither he will C. He won’t neither D. Neither will he (USM STAN 2002 : 165)
10. She is not readin g, … A. Either am B. Neither am I C. Neither I am D. Either I am (USM STAN 2000 : 15)
the
NOTES
........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ ....
MODALS AND PREPOSITION CHAPTER 8
MODALS
Adalah kata kerja kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) yang memberi tambahan arti pada kalimat
Fungsi modal
Modal yang digunakan
Menyatakan kemampuan
•
Menyatakan izin
•
Menyatakan kemungkinan
•
Menyatakan keharusan/kewajiban
•
Menyatakan kesimpulan
Dalam bentuk present tense • Modal present + V1/be Ving/be complement Dalam bentuk past tense • Modal past + have + V3/been Ving/been complement
Can/Could + V1 • To be + able + to + V1 • To be + capable + of + Ving Can/Could • May/Might • To be + allowed + to + V1 • To be + permitted + to + V1 Can/Could • May/Might Must • Should • Ought to • Have to/has to/had to
Example: ➢ The line is busy. Someone must be using the phone ➢ The house is empty. They must gone out Pengertian Modal: • Might have = Mungkin sudah • Ought to/should + have = Seharusnya sudah • Must have = Pasti sudah • Could have = Seharusnya bias
Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang dilakukan sccara rutin di masa lampau: • Would + V1 • Be + accustomed to + Ving • To be present + used to + Ving PREPOSITION
Adalah kata depan yang digunakan untuk merangkai noun, pronoun, dan gerund. 1. Tempat a. At
digunakan untuk membicarakan • Tempat tanpa ukuran/batas yang jelas Example: At the bus stop • Bagian dari suatu tempat Example: At the end of the street • Tempat hiburan. Cafe, restaurant, hotel Example: At Cafe • Tempat belajar dan bekerja Example : At the office • Alamat yang diikuti nomor Example : At no 27 Kamboja street
b. On digunakan membicarakan
untuk
2. Waktu a. At digunakan untuk •
Menyebut jam
•
•
•
Benda yang berada diatas dan menyentuh permukaan benda lain Example : On the floor Tempat yang berada di sungai, pantai, jalan, pulau Example : On the beach Ungkapan yang menunjukkan arah Example : On the right
c. In digunakan untuk membicarakan • Benda yang berada didalam benda lain Example : In the drawer • Daerah yang luas seperti kota, negara, dll Example : In the USA
•
Menyebutkan hari libur Example : On Christmas Day
Example : At eight o’clock • •
Ungkapan tertentu Example : At midnight Menyebutkan hari libur Example : At Lebaran
b. On digunakan untuk • Menyebutkan hari Example : On Sunday • Menyebutkan tanggal Example : On September 1, 2009
c. In dgunakan untuk • Menyatakan pagi, siang, dan malam Example : In the morning • Menyatakan waktu dengan rentang waktu yang lama Example : In 1962 • Menyatakan periode waktu Example : In a few minutes
EXERCISE CHAPTER 8
1.
2.
distract him … completing his thesis. A. For B. From C. Of D. In
Since the company doesn’t charge a late fee until after the sixteenth, you … pay until a day or two before that. A. Shouldn’t B. Must’n C. Needn’t D. Can’t
(USM STAN 2014 : 135)
(USM STAN 2005: 177)
The loud music from his neightbor`s house
X: I really need a job right now. Y: Well, you ... look for job vacancies in the newspaper. A. Should B. Must C. Might D. Need
6.
7.
The light is out in her room ; she … A. Must go to bed B. Must have gone to bed C. Must gone to bed D. Must be gone to bed (USM STAN 2003: 164)
(USM STAN 2011: 148)
8. 3.
You … unplug the toaster before you you try to clean it. A. Have better B. Better to C. Had better D. Should be better
(USM STAN 2003 : 172)
(USM STAN 2009 : 126)
4.
Knowledge of knowledge assets is critical … rich source of information about where the strength of your company lie. A. On the proper planning for a knowledge management management system and is the B. To be proper planning for a knowledge management management system and is a C. For the properly plan of a knowledge management management system and also a D. Of the proper plans to the knowledge management management system as much as a (USM STAN 2007 : 149)
5.
He went by bus, but he … by car. A. Might of gone B. Should gone C. Could have gone D. Ought have gone (USM STAN 2005: 167)
She went to the office by taxi, but she … by bus. A. Might of gone B. Should gone C. Could have gone D. Ought have gone
9.
We will be leaving … just a few minutes. A. In B. At C. On D. Of (USM STAN 2000: 16)
10. Blue jeans are worn by people of all economic levels, … millionaires to those living on welfare. A. Not only B. Both C. Including D. From (USM STAN 2000: 19)
NOTES
......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. .....
INFINITIVE AND GERUND CHAPTER 9 INFINITIVE
Adalah kata kerja yang menggunakan “to” maupun yang tidak menggunakan “to”. Dibagi atas 2 jenis: • Infinitive with “to” • Infinitive without “to” (Bare Infinitive) 1. Bare Infinitive (V1)
a. Setelah modal Example: She will call you b. Setelah kata kerja fase tertentu ▪ Let/make/help + O + V1 ▪ Would rather/had better + V1 Example: his father made him go c. Setelah kata kerja yang berhubungan dengan indra (Watch, listen, observe, notice + O + V1)
See Hear Smell
V1
Kegiatan sengaja dilakukan
Ving
Kegiatan tidak sengaja dilakukan
+O+
2. To infinitive digunakan untuk
a. menyatakan tujuan b. Setelah kata sifat c. Setelah kata tanya
He studies hard to become clever She is happy to receive the gift He tells me what to do
Setelah beberapa kata kerja berikut, harus ditambahkan to V1 Allow
Stive
Exped
Urge
Deside
Ask
Plan
Inten
Instruct
Forget
Invite
Advise
Repair
Claim
Need
Request
Tell
Tend
Fail
Reviews
Agree
Order
Over
Learn
Wish
Desire
Convince
Seem
Retend
Demand
Hope
Atend
Persuade
Want
Hesitate
GERUND
Adalah kata kerja yang berubah fungsi menjadi kata benda dengan cara penambahan -ing setelah kata kerja. Dengan kata lain, gerund adalah kata kerja Ving yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda. Gerund digunakan sebagai 1.Subjek 1.Subjek Example: Collecting stamps is my hobby 2. Objek Setelah kata kerja berikut: Avoid Deny Enjoy Keep Admit Mind Miss Report Suggest Put of Think of
Succed in Afraid of Appreciate Finish Consider Delay Recall Practice Give up Rely on Capable of
Confess to Pospone Resent Better of Think about Can’t help Avoid Enjoy Count on Resist Worry about
Risk Look forward to Be accustomed to Resent for Object to Be used to Be interest in Resume Depand on Keep on Quit
Setelah preposisi: on, in, off, of, at, from, for, after, before, about, by, with, without, between, among, etc menggunakan Ving.
Example: ➢ He must be responsible for letting the old man go alone Setelah possessive: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Example: ➢ I wait for your attending my party Setelah kata kerja berikut, dapat diikuti oleh keduanya yaitu Ving dan to V 1 Start Like Prefer Remember Love Can’t stand
Want Begin Continue Forget Stop Need
EXERCISE CHAPTER 9
1.
If people have to pay cash to buy an
6.
expensive condominium, nobody can afford … it A. Buy B. Buying C. To buy D. For buying
The hotel manager insisted that the car park … Locked at night. A. Is B. Be C. Should D. Might (USM STAN 2013: 143)
(USM STAN 2014: 121)
My teacher made me … the history project in a week A. To do B. Do C. Done D. Doing
… a pleasant news about her father’s arrival in Indonesia, Rose rushed to the airport to pick him up. A. Having B. As she has C. Having been D. Had
(USM STAN 2014: 131)
(USM STAN 2013: 145)
7. 2.
3.
They had better … to the airport by five or else they may miss the flight. A. To get B. Get C. Getting D. Got
8.
(USM STAN 2014: 133)
4.
In the film world, professionals are
accustomed to … a negative into a computer at the highest resulotions possible. A. Scan B. Be scanning C. Scanning D. Be scanned (USM STAN 2014: 147)
5.
We had better … the manual to get more explanation about this product. A. Read B. Reading C. To read D. To reading (USM STAN 2013: 121)
The government considered … a new bridge to link between the two islands. A. Constructs B. To construct C. Constructing D. Construction (USM STAN 2013: 148)
9.
His father is an experienced investor who is accustomed to ... with residential properties. A. Deal B. Dealing C. Be dealing D. Be dealt (USM STAN 2011 : 132)
10.
Not all people can afford ... in a big city like New York. A. Live B. To live C. Living D. For living (USM STAN 2011 : 143)
NOTES
........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................ ....
PARTICIPLE AND APPOSITIVE CHAPTER 10
PARTICIPLE
Adalah kata penjelas yang terdiri dari participle aktif (Verb+ing) dan pasif (V3) Participle terbagi atas 1. Present Participle
a. Bentuk waktu sedang (continious) Example: They are taking the man at the hospital b. Setelah kata kerja yang berhubungan b erhubungan dengan indra (bermakna tidak sengaja dilakukan) See, hear, smell + O + Ving Example: ➢ They heard someone screaming from the bush c. Untuk menggabungkan 2 kejadian yang dilakukan oleh orang yang sama Pola: Ving + O/C, sentence (simple present/past) Meaning: Because, since, as, for = Karena , When, While = Ketika Example: ➢ Coming late to the meeting, he was not allowed to come into the r oom Meaning: Because she was coming late to the meeting d. Setelah kata kerja tertentu Find Catch Leave O + V ing Send Keep Example: ➢ the baby sitter left the baby crying 2. Past Participle
Digunakan untuk menggabungkan menggabungkan 2 kejadian (salah satunya berbentuk berbentuk pasif) yang dilakukan oleh orang yang sama Form: V3 + O/C, sentence (simple + O/C, sentence (simple present/past)
Meaning: Because/as/since/for = karena Example: ➢ Located in the center of the town, the market become a busy Meaning: Because the market was located in the centre of the town 3. Perfect Participle
Digunakan untuk menggabungkan 2 kejadian yang dilakukan oleh orang yang sama Active form: Having + V3 + O/C, sentence (simple past)
Meaning : After + S + had + V3 Example : havng collected many stamps, he sold it Meaning : After he had collected many stamps Passive form: Having + been + V3 + sentence (simple
Meaning : After S + had had + been been + V3 Example : Having been treated badly, the boy cried Meaning : After the boy had been treated badly APPOSITIVE
Adalah Keterangan tambahan yang menejelaskan kata benda didepannya. Example : ➢ Janie lives in Jakarta, the most crowded city in i n Indonesia ➢ Mr. Johnson, our headmasster, is looking for you Yang perlu dipahami dalam appositives ini adalah bahwa appositives tidak bisa diawali oleh : 1. Subject
The man, he always comes here on Sunday, lives with his only daughter (SALAH) The man, who always comes here on Sunday,lives with his only daughter (BENAR) 2. Predicate (Auxiliary, Verb 1 and Verb 2)
The manager, leads the company wisely, always smiles at other people (SALAH) The manager, leading leading the company wisely, wisely, always smiles at other other people (BENAR) 3. Kata “THAT”
The language, that is spoken in the village, is Javanese J avanese (SALAH) The language, which is spoken in the village, is Javanese J avanese (BENAR) 4. Possessive adjective bila diikuti oleh Predicate
The woman, her car is parked in front of the post office, works in the big company (SALAH) The woman, Whose Whose car is parked in front of the post office, works works in the big company company (BENAR)
EXERCISE CHAPTER 10
1.
Nias , … covering an area of 5.121,3 km 2 , is the largest of the islands off sumatera. A. An island B. That an island C. Is an island D. Is that an island (USM STAN 2014 : 124)
2.
5. The latest satellite … the image of the outer planets is administered by NASA. A. That relayed B. Which relaying C. Relays D. Relaying (USM STAN 2013 : 127)
6.
Several people have been arrested by
the local police for … smuggling three tons of fuel. A. Allege B. Allegedly C. Alleged D. Alleging
(USM STAN 2011 : 122)
7.
(USM STAN 2014 : 130)
3.
My colleagues were going to watch …. But the review said that it was a flop. A. The frightened movie B. The move frightened C. The movie frightening D. The frightening movie
8.
In 2050, airplanes may experiences more frequent turbulence over the
North Atlantic Ocean, … as a result of global warming. A. Since it is the world’s busiest corridors B. Which the world’s busiest flight corridors C. One of the world’s busiest flight corridors D. It is the world’s busiest flight corridors (USM STAN 2013 : 124)
Mary, ... to win the prize, tripped when she ran upstairs A. Having thrilled B. Thrilling C. Thrilled D. Thrill (USM STAN 2011 : 124)
(USM STAN 2014 : 139)
4.
... with the consequence consequence of of his attitude, Michel signed his resign resign letter. letter . A. Embarrassed B. Embarrassing C. Embarrass D. Embarrasses
Caecilians, ... , are the only amphibians that are blind. A. Live underground B. Live underground C. Which live underground D. Live which underground underground (USM STAN 2011 : 127)
9.
We made the pie with ... Cherries. A. Pit B. Pitted C. Pitting D. Pitting of (USM STAN 2011 : 138)
10. Mars, … , has two satellites. A. Which the fourth planet from the sun B. It is the fourth planet from the sun C. The fourth planet from the sun D. Is the fourth planet from the sun (USM STAN 2010 : 128)
NOTES
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................. ....... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. .............................. ...... ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ........................... .....
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE AND SUBJUNTIVE CHAPTER 11
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Adalah kalimat pengandaian akan suatu hal yang diinginkan terjadi, akan tetapi kenyataan belum atau tidak terjadi sesuai keinginan, tergantung dari keberadaan syarat, yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk klausa if (jika/apabila). (jika/apabila). Kalimat pengandaian tersebut terdiri atas; •
If clause : anak kalimat di ikuti kata “if”
•
Main clause : induk kalimat
Tiga jenis Conditional Sentence 1. Future Conditional Type 1 (bentuk ( bentuk pengandaian masa yang akan datang)
Form: • S + will/can/may + V1 if + S + V1 (s/es) Jika kalimat if (+) maka faktanya (+) dalam tenses present Example: ➢ He will pass the test if he studied hard Meaning: He studies hard so he can pass the test 2. Present Conditional Type 2 (bentuk pengandaian masa sekarang)
Form: • S + would/could/might + V1 + if + S + V2 (were) • Were + S, S + would/could/might + V1 Jika kalimat (+) maka faktanya (-) dalam tenses present, dsb Example: ➢ If the price of gold were lower, I would buy it ➢ Were the price of gold lower, I would buy it
Meaning: The price of gold is not lower so I don’t buy it 3. Past Conditional Type 3 (bentuk pengandaian di masa lampau)
Form: • S + would/could/might + have(been) + V3 + if + S + had + V3/been • Had + S + V3/been, S + would/could/might + have(been) + V3 Jika kalimat (+) maka faktanya (-) dalam tenses past, dsb Example: ➢ He might have won the contest if he had been more confident ➢ Had he been more confident, he might have won the contest
Meaning: I was not more confident so I didn’t wont the contest
SUBJUNTIVE
Adalah bentuk kalimat yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan pengharapan pada masa yang akan datang atau pengharapan yang tidak terwujud pada masa lampau dan masa sekarang. Tiga jenis subjunctive; 1. Future Subjuntive (pengharapan pada masa yang akan datang)
Adverb of time: tonight, tomorrow, nexy (...), soon, etc Form: Wish As if As though S + would + V1 Would rather If only Example: ➢ If only she would come with me 2. Present Subjuntive (pengharapan yang tidak terwujud pada masa sekarang)
Adverb of time: now, right now, at this time, At this moment Form: Wish V2 As if As though + Would rather If only were Example: ➢ Anto acts as if he were the manager 3. Past Subjuntive (pengharapan yang tidak terwujud pada masa lampau)
Adverb of time: yesterday, last nght Form: Wished As if As though S + had (been) + V1 Would rather If only Example: ➢ My mother wished she had ironed the clothes last night Ada juga subjuntive dalam bentuk khusus Jika terdapat kata: Advise Ask Comm Comman and d
Decree Demand Insi Insist st
More Order Pref Prefer er
Propose Recommend Re uest uest
Form: S + Verb (any tenses) + that + S + Infinitive Example: ➢ We urge that he leave now
Require Stipulate Su est est
Urge
EXERCISE CHAPTER 11
1.
Yesterday, Amir screamed ran as if he … a ghost. A. Saw B. Had seen C. Has seen D. Was seeing
6.
house, Martha wishes that she … The alarm system earlier. A. Must have installed B. Had installed C. Should install D. Was installing
(USM STAN 2014 : 144)
2.
(USM STAN 2013 : 136)
If you drop the egg from the third floor , it
… to pieces. A. Shatter B. Will shatter C. Shattered D. Would shatter
7.
(USM STAN 2014 : 138)
3.
… the announcement , he would have participated in the Balinese painting workshop. A. If he knew B. He had known C. Had he known D. If he has known (USM STAN 2014 : 146)
4.
If the team … a better striker, they would have won the game. A. Has B. Had C. Had had D. Has had (USM STAN 2013 : 149)
5.
The man donated a large amount of money as
though he … a millionaire. A. Were B. Had been C. Was D. Has been (USM STAN 2013 : 126)
Since the burglar managed to break into her
lf you put a wet towel directly under the sun, it ... momentarily. A. Will dry B. Will dries C. Dry D. Dried (USM STAN 2011 : 130)
8.
That machine ... if you fixed it immediately. A. Would work B. Would be worked C. Would have worked D. Would have been worked (USM STAN 2011 : 136)
9.
You … the job if you were not late to the interview. A. Would get B. Would be gotten C. Would have gotten D. Would have been gotten (USM STAN 2010 : 138)
10. I’d rather you … anything about it for the time being. A. Do B. Didn’t do C. Don’t D. Didn’t (USM STAN 2003 : 163)
NOTES
......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. .....
INVERSION, REDUDANCY AND CAUSATIVE CHAPTER 12
INVERSION
Adalah kalimat yang predikatnya mendahului subjek. Predikat bisa berbentuk kata bantu (modal) atau kata kerja biasa. Ada aturan dan pola yang harus diperhatikan dalam materi ini. 1. Pertanyaan Inversi berlaku untuk bentuk pertanyaan langsung. Predikat kasus ini adalah kata bantu. Example: ➢ will you invite the girl to your wedding party? 2. Setelah ungkapan negative yang terletak di depan kalimat seperti never, hardly, scarcely,nor, seldom, dll. Example: ➢ never before has the man attended the meeting. 3. Setelah neither, nor, dan so. Example: ➢
we don’t like play basket ball. Nor do they.
4. Setelah kata keterangan tempat. Predikat tidak harus kata bantu. Bila tidak ada, kata ker ja biasa diletakkan depan subjek. Example: ➢ In his room lies the th e lazy boy (tidak ada tanda koma antara ket. tempat dan subjek) 5. Setelah ungkapan yang diawali dengan only. Example: only with perspiration and patience will you achieve your ambition. REDUDANCY
Adalah pengurangan dari beberapa kata dalam kalimat yang artinya sama. Advance forward Proceed forward Return back Revert back Sufficient enough Compete together Reason ... because
Join together Reapet again New innvation Matinee performance Same identical Two wins The time when
The place where
Example: The army advanced forward after the big battle. (Maju sudah pasti ke depan, jadi pilih salahsatu) ➢ The army advanced after the big battle ➢ The army moved forward after the big battle
CAUSATIVE
Adalah kalimat yang digunakan seseorang sehingga menyebabkan orang lain untuk mengerjakan sesuatu atau menyebabkan sesuatu sesuatu agar dikerjakan oranglain bagi orang or ang tersebut. Terdapat 2 jenis causative: 1. Active Causative
Subjek menyebabkan objek melakukan kegiatan. Causative
Infinitive
Have
Make
Let
To infinitive
Help Get
Example: ➢ Ana had Anto wash his car. (Ana menyuruh Andi mencuci mobilnya) ➢ My mother got me to sweep the floor. (Ibu saya menyuruh saya menyapu lantai) 2. Passive Causative
Pola ini digunakan apabila objeknya adalah benda/sesuatu untuk dikerjakan. Formula: • S + have/get/make/help/let + complement + V3 Example: ➢ Ane had her paper typed by a friend
EXERCISE CHAPTER 12
1.
The professor got the students … notes the materials that she taught. A. To take B. Take C. Taking D. Taken
6.
Former military ruler Pervez Musharraf has pledged pledged to retur n back to Pakistan Pakistan A. B. despite threats to his life from the C. D. Taliban. (USM STAN 2011 : 151)
(USM STAN 2013 : 130)
7. 2.
No sooner … with my computer, than the electricity went out. A. I had worked B. I worked C. Had I worked D. Did I work (USM STAN 2013 : 140)
Not only … the best student in his school, but he also receives a scholarship. A. Markus become B. Did Markus become C. Does Markus become D. Markus becoming (USM STAN 2009 : 144)
8.
The customer had the shoes … before six o clock in the evening. A. Deliver B. Deliver C. Delivered D. Delivering ‟
3.
Many kids refuse to eat healthy food because their parents always let them ... whatever they like. A. Eat B. To eat C. Eating D. Ate (USM STAN 2011 : 125)
4.
Hardly ever ... the same word twice alike. A. The little boy spelled B. Did spell the little boy C. Did the little boy spell D. Spelled the iittie boy (USM STAN 2011 : 139)
5.
It was very kind of my friend to help me ... cash money. A. To count B. Counted C. Counts D. Count (USM STAN 2011 : 146)
(USM STAN 2001 : 52)
9. Only after food has been dried and cann ed … A. That it should be stored for later consumption B. Should be stored for later consumption C. Should it be stored for later consumption D. It should be stored for later consumption (USM STAN 2001 : 56)
10. ... Are the fresh and vegetables healthy for you, but they taste delicious too. A. Much more B. Not just C. Not only D. Of course (USM STAN 2000 : 17)
NOTES
......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. .....
MATERI CAPITA SELECTA CHAPTER 13
MATERI CAPITA SELECTA
Adalah sebuah kata/lebih yang dapat menerangkan objek/subjek pada suatu kalimat. Terdiri atas 3 jenis: 1. Noun Phrase
Adalah kelompok kata yang diakhiri dengan sebuah kata benda, terdiri atas; A. Count and Non count nouns
Dikatakan count (dapat dibandingkan) jika dapat dikatakan 1 benda, 2benda, dst Example: ➢ Buku dapat dikatakan satu buku, dua buku, dst ➢ Kopi tidak dapat dikatakan satu kopi, dua kopi, melainkan satu cangkir kopi ➢ Uang tidak dapat dikatakan satu uang, dua uang, melainkan jumlahnya With count nouns
With non - count nouns
a(n), the, some, any
The, some, any
This, that, those, these
This, that
None, one, two, three
None
Many
Much
A lot of
A lot of large
A
great
number of
A large amount of
A few
A (little)
Fewer ... than
Less ... than
More ... than
More ... than
Jika menyatakan benda dalam jumlah banyak: Noun + s/es Example: Books, boxes, etc Irreguler noun: • Person - poeple • Foot - feet • Woman - women • Child - children
• • •
Mouse - mice Tooth - teeth Man - men
B. A, And, dan The
Adalah artikel yang biasa digunakan sebagai keterangan pada kata setelahnya.
A digunakan untuk menyatakan jumlah satu pada benda yang dapat dihitung yang belum
spesifik/tertentu/diketahui. An digunakan untuk menyatakan jumlah satu benda pada yang dapat di hitung yang diawali dengan bunyi vokal bukan huruf vokal. Benda tersebut belum spesifik/tertuntu/diketahui. spesifik/tertuntu/diketahui. Example: A house A heavy An heir A university A universal An umbrella A european A eucalyptus An herbal A uniform A half An unnatural A eulogy A union An horror A home An hour An understanding A euphemism An uncle An honest The digunakan untuk benda yang sudah s udah spesifik/tertentu/pasti spesifik/tertentu/pasti karena sudah disebutkan diawal. C. Other
Adalah yang lain namun memiliki pengaturan pemakaian sesuai dengan kalimatnya. With count nouns
With count nouns
An + other + singular noun (one more) Another pencil = one more pencil The other + singular noun (last of set) The other pencil = the last pencil p encil present Other + plural noun (more of the set) Other pencil = some more pencils
Other + non- count nouns (more of the set) Other water = some more water
The other + plural noun (the rest of the set)
The other + non- count noun (all the rest) The other watern = the remaining water
The oder pencils = all remaining pencils
D. Another and other
Another digunakan untuk benda yang tidak spesifikasi/tertentu sedangkan the other dan the others untuk benda yang sudah tertentu. Example 1: ➢ ➢ ➢
I don’t want this book. Give Gi ve me another I don’t want this book. Give Gi ve me anotherbook I don’t want this book. Give Gi ve me another one
Another = Satu buku yang yang lain tetapi tidak pasti, pasti, tidak spesifik buku mana Example 2: ➢ These are two books. One is red and the other is blue ➢ These are two books. One is red and the other book is blue ➢ These are two books. One is red and the other one is blue The other = buku yang lain tapi bukunya sudah pasti/tertentu Example 3: ➢ This book is interesting. Others are interesting too
This book is interesting. Other books are interesting i nteresting too ➢ This book is interesting. Other ones are interesting too Others = buku buku lain lain tetapi tidak pasti, tidak tidak spesifik buku yang sama Example 4: ➢ These are three books. One book is interesting ang the other are boring. ➢ These are three books. One book is interesting ang the other books are boring ➢ These are three books. One book is interesting ang the ot her ones ere boring The other = buku buku buku yang lain tetapi bukunya sudah sudah pasti/spesifik ➢
2. Adjective + Noun
Berfungsi untuk menerangkan kata benda dan harus selalu dalam bentuk singular Example: ➢ Beautiful girl ➢ Shoe shop artinya toko sepatu, shoe dalam bentuk singular 3. Cause and effect •
So + adjective/adverb + that +sentence • So + noun +that +sentence Example: ➢ The soprano sing so well that she received a standing ovation ➢ The smith had so many children that they performed their own baseball team Pola lain: • Such + a + adjective +singular count noun + that + sentence • Such + adjective +plural noun/non count + that + sentence Example: ➢ It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors ➢
Perry had bad luck that she’s decided not to glamble
Pola lain: • So + adjective + a + singular noun count + that + sentence Example: ➢ It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors
EXERCISE CHAPTER 13
1.
One of my sisters lives in Jakarta and … lives in Canberra continuing her study. A. The other B. Another C. Other D. The others
6.
It is … cold to go swimming. A. So B. Too C. Very D. Such (SOAL PREDIKSI 2)
(USM STAN 2013 : 139)
2.
Crocodile has … a strong jaw that it can crush and rip its prey easily. A. Very B. Such C. So D. As (USM STAN 2013 : 142)’
3.
7.
given … honorarium every month. A. A B. An C. The D. Its (SOAL PREDIKSI 3)
8.
Many pencils are graded on a European A. B. C. system using a continuum from “H” to D.
“B”. (USM STAN 2013 : 159)
4.
Calcium is known as an nutrient nutrien t that A. B. C. will decrease hypertension and colonic D. cancer. (USM STAN 2011 : 153)
5.
She has … many books that she needs more room to keep them. A. Such a B. Such C. So a D. So (SOAL PREDIKSI 1)
The English tutor is our company is always
Polar beer’s … are covered with hair on their soles to help them walk on ice and snow. A. Feet B. Foot C. Feets D. Foots (SOAL PREDIKSI 4)
9.
It was … that we want out. A. Such hot today B. Such hot a day C. So hot day D. So hot a day (SOAL PREDIKSI 5)
10. Thomas Alfa Edison invented … A. An electric light B. Electric light C. Electric lights D. The electric lights (SOAL PREDIKSI 6)
NOTES
......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ................................................................ ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................... ............................... ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ......
REPORTED SPEECH CHAPTER 14
REPORTED SPEECH
Adalah bentuk pengulangan kembali ucapan seseorang kepada orang lain. Dalam pengulangan atau penyampaian kembali ucapan tersebut terjadi beberapa perubahan, yaitu: A. Perubahan Bentuk Waktu (Tenses)
Jika ‘reporting verb’ (kata kerja pelapor) berbentuk simple past (said, told, dll) Direct Speech (ucapan langsung)
Indirect Speech (ucapan tak langsung)
1. Simple present (V I) 2. Present Continuous (is, am, are + ving) 3. Present Perfect (have/has + V III) 4. Present Perfect Continuous (have/has + been + Ving) 5. Present Future (will + V 1)
1. Simple past (VII) 2. Past Continuous (was, were + ving) 3. Past Perfect (had + VIII)
6. Simple Past (V II)
6. Past Perfect (had + VIII)
7. Etc
7. Etc
4. Past Perfect Continuous (had + been + Ving) 5. Past future (would + V1)
B. Perubahan Keterangan Waktu (Adverb of Time) Direct Speech 1. Today 2. Tonight 3. Yesterday 4. Two days ago 5. Last week 6. Tomorrow 7. Next 8. Etc
Indirect Speech 1. That day 2. That night 3. The day before/the previous day 4. Two days before 5. A week before 6. The next day/the following day 7. The 8. Etc
Jenis-Jenis Reported Speech: 1. Affirmative / Statement (pernyataan)
Pola: S + Reporting Verb + that + Reported Words
Penanda: Said, stated, claimed, noted, etc. Example: ➢ He has visited hard yesterday (Direct Speech) He said that he had studied hard the previous day (Indirect Speech) (Dir ect Speech) ➢ I do my homework my self (Direct She said that she did her homework herself (Indirect Speech)
➢
Mira : I don’t like l ike watching movie (Direct Speech) Mira stated that she didn’t like watching movie (Indirect Speech)
2. Interrogative (Pertanyaan) Pola I (Using auxiliary Verbs) S + reporting verb + whether/if + reported words
Penanda : Asked, wondered, wanted to know. Example: ➢ Budi : is it your wallet? (Direct Speech) Budi asked me whether it was my wallet. (Indirect Speech) ➢ Rima : Did you go there ? (Direct Speech) Rima wondered wether I had gone there (Indirect (Indir ect Speech) Pola II (Using Question Words) S + reporting verbs + question words + reported words
Penanda : Asked, wondered, wanted to know Example: ➢ Rahmi : Why do you look so sad? (Direct Speech) Rahmi wanted to know why I looked so sad (Indirect Speech) 3. Imperative (Perintah) Pola I (Positive Imperative) S + Reporting Verbs + O + to V 1
Penanda : Asked, told, ordered, commanded Example: ➢ Father : Repair the broken radio as soon as possible (Direct Speech) Father asked me to repair the broken br oken radio as soon as possible. (Indirect Speech) ➢ Mira : Wash your shoes by yourself Ami! (Direct Speech ) Mira ordered Ami to wash her shoes by herself (Indirect Speech) Pola II (Negative Imperative) S + reporting verbs + O +not + to + V1 + O/C
Penanda : Asked, told, ordered, commanded, warned Example: Rud i ! (Direct Speech) ➢ Mother : Don’t put your books here Rudi Mother warned Rudi not to put his book there (Indirect ( Indirect Speech) ➢
Mila : Don’t stay up late, Rick! (Direct Speech) Mila asked Rick not to stay up late (Indirect Speech)
EXERCISE CHAPTER 14
1.
John asked “Billy, where did you go last night?” John asked Billy … A. Where he had gone last night B. Where he went the night before C. Where he went last night D. Where he had gone the night before
6.
“ Please don’t take my money “ The lady begged the robber … A. Not taking her money B. Not to take my money C. He didn’t take her money D. Not to take her money (SOAL PREDIKSI 3)
(USM STAN 2013 : 138)
7. 2.
3.
Kiranti said to tono, “did you finish your homework?” Kiranti asked tono … A. Whether he finished his homework B. Whether he has finished his homework C. If he finished finished his homework D. If he had finished his homework
Doctor : Open your mouth ! Father : What did the doctor tell you ? : the doctor told me … Son A. That I opened this mouth B. Whether I open my mouth C. To open my mouth D. Open my mouth
(USM STAN 2009 : 138)
(SOAL PREDIKSI 4)
: “ Arya, how do you inspect in our new criminals? ” : “ I had the special agent … “ Arya A. Investigate B. Investigated C. To investigate D. Investigates Dedi
(USM STAN CRASH PROGRAM 2009 : 123)
4.
5.
8.
Dio said to me, “ what can I do for you?” A. Dio asked me to you can I do for you B. Dio asked me If what I could that for you C. Dio said to me can I do for you D. Dio said for you (SOAL PREDIKSI 5)
9.
Heni asked me if I had come the the party the day before.
Vera
: “I’ve bought the book, Reza“ Vera said to Reza that … bought the book. A. I have B. He has C. He had D. He’d have
In other words: Heni asked, “ … ?” A. Did you come to the party the day before B. Did you come to the party yesterday C. Do you come to the party yesterday D. Do you come to the party the day before
(SOAL PREDIKSI 1)
(SOAL PREDIKSI 6)
He asked me whether he … my car to go the museum. A. Can borrow B. Might borrow C. Ought borrow D. May borrow (SOAL PREDIKSI 2)
10. They asked him, “ will you help us? “
The direct form is … A. They asked him if he would help them B. They asked him if he would help us C. They asked him will he help them D. They asked him will he help us (SOAL PREDIKSI 7)
NOTES
........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................. ........ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................ ...... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................. ....... ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .............................................. ............................. ..... ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ........................... .....
READING COMPREHENSION CHAPTER 15
READING COMPREHENSION
Adalah jenis soal dimana kita menjawab pertanyaan yang jawabannya berasal dari bacaan text. Ada 4 jenis konteks yang biasa terdapat dalam soal: 1. Menentukan Topik
Topik biasa dikenal sebagai ide umum. Untuk menentukan ide umum, baca judulnya (jika ada), baca kalimat pertama dari setiap paragraf, dan kalimat terakhir dari bacaan tersebut. 2. Menentukan Pikiran Utama / Ide Pokok
Pertanyaan-pertanyaan pikiran utama dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara. Contohnya: pertanyaan berikut ini membutuhkan informasi yang sama: a. Apa pikiran utama bacaan ini? b. Apa hal yang dibicarakan dalam bacaan ini? c. Apa topik bacaan ini? d. Apa judul yang baik untuk bacaan ini? Pikiran utama biasanya terdapat pada awal bacaan, oleh karena itu garis bawahilah dua kalimat pertama pada bacaan itu. 3. Menggunakan Konteks Kalimat untuk Mengetahui Arti Kosa-Kata (Vocabulary)
Sebelum menggunakan suatu konteks, kita harus memahami apa yang dimaksud dengan konteks tersebut. Dalam bahasa inggris, konteks adalah gabungan dari sebuah kosa-kata dan grammar yang mengelilingi sebuah kata. Dengan konteks, kita akan terbantu dalam membuat prediksi umum tentang arti. 4. Membuat Kesimpulan yang Logis
Terkadang, dalam membaca suatu bacaan kita akan menemukan pernyataan langsung dari suatu fakta. Hal ini disebut dengan alasan/bukti. Tetapi pada kesempatan lain, kita tidak akan menemukan pernyataan langsung. Kemudian kita akan butuh untuk menggunakan bukti yang kita miliki untuk membuat membuat kesimpulan yang logis. TIPS DAN TRIK MENYELESAIKAN SOAL READING COMPREHENSION; •
Baca dulu soalnya baru cocokkan pilihan jawaban sesuai text • Jangan membaca teksnya dahulu karena akan membuang waktu • Bagi yang kosa kata vocabulary kurang atau tidak dapat sceaming (membaca cepat) maka saol reading comprehension dijawab terakhir setelah soal soal lain dikerjakan
EXERCISE CHAPTER 15
Reading 1 for question 1 - 6
Many historical linguists are able to trace tr ace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how omplex langueges are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how langueges are started from scratch. To find out how grammer is created, someone needs to be present at time of a language`s creation, documenting documenting its emergence. However , this is possible. Some of the most recent langueges evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At the time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer`s rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other`s langueges , they developed a make – shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowner . They have little in the way of grammer, and in many cases it is difficult for a listener to deduce when an event happened. And who did what to whom. Speeakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be ecposed to it when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted their word to create a new , expressive language . Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by children. Some ilnguists believe that many most established languages were creoles at first. The English past tense – ed ending may have evolved from the ver ‘do’ it ended mayonce have been ‘it’ end did, thus , it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical mecahanism in thei brains, which emerges when they are first trying to make sense of the owrd near them. Their – minds can serve to create logical , complex structures , even when there iis no grammer present for the to copy. 1.
2.
3.
The word deduce in line 9 is closes in meaning
to … A. Think B. React C. Conclude D. Reply In order to study the grammar creation of a language, the linguists have to … A. Interview the language maker B. Document the complex from the language C. Record the creation of the language. D. Study the language from the native speaker How do the slave children improve a pidgin in order to become a complex language? A. They imitate the pidgin then develop a completely new language B. They adapt the word to create an expressive and new language. C. They study the existing grammar of the pidgin then correct it D. Theey communicate with their parents intensively to improve the pidgin
4.
Paragraph 2 in the passage discusses about
… A.
5.
6.
A more simple language used by Atlantic slave B. History of slave children in learning language C. Explanation of complex language formation D. Differences between pidgin and creole The word which line 14 refers to … A. Words B. Systems C. Pidgins D. Language
It is tated in the passage that creole is … A. A native language created by Atlantic slaves B. A series of word copied from the language of the landowner C. A complex grammer system that come from pidgins D. A language to communicate among slaves of different ethnicities (USM STAN 2014 : 161-166)
Reading 2 for questions 7 - 13
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool coo l surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts. The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -
50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated 'blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together. Whereas, red supergiants supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227- 4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are l\/lu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the. Earth is from the sun). The radius r adius of most red giants is between b etween 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond. 7.
8.
9.
The word designated in line 7 has the same meaning with ... A. Termed B. Explained C. Energized D. Lightened According to the passage, what is correct about red supergiants? A. There are only four red supergiants in the universe. B. Their surfaces temperatures are between D. light 20,000 - 50,000 °C. C. They are the largest stars in the universe in physical size. D. Most ofthe stars have radii about 20 times 5 that of the Sun.
The term ‘blue supergiants’ isused for the superstars which ... A. Have radii about 800 times of that of the sun B. Own mass of around 20 times that of the C. Are the largest and brightest stars in the universe D. Appear blue in colour and have enermous energy
10.
The word ‘luminosity’ in line 5 is closest in meaning to ... A. Brightness B. Heat C. Energy D. Strength 11. Which of the following is NOT regarded as red supergiants? , A. KY Cygni B. V354 Orion C. Mu Cephei D. KW Sagitarii 12. The word it in line 9 refers to ... A. Orion B. Sun C. Rigel D. Light 13. Paragraph 1 in the passage discusses about ... A. The largest supergiants in the world B. Explanation about red supergiants C. Description of blue supergiants D. Characteristics of supergiant (USM STAN 2011 : 174-180)
NOTES ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... ............................................... .............................................. ...................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ................................................ ............................................... ............................................. ...................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... ............................................... .............................................. ...................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ................................................ ............................................... ............................................. ...................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ................................................ ............................................... ............................................. ...................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... .............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................. ...................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... .............................................. ...................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. ............................................. ......................
ANSWER CHAPTER 1
1.
Kunci : C
Her
2. Kunci : C With
3. Kunci : B He He, seharusnya him
4. Kunci : C Its Seharusnya it
5. Kunci : Tidak Ada Jawaban Not sure. Mungkin soal salah
6. Kunci : B Themselves Keterangan cara menggunakan by ...
7. Kunci : B Their The company salesmen merupakan kata benda jamak sehingga pronoun yang tepat adalah their
8. Kunci : B Are
“Some of the shops” dianggap jamak sehingga to be yang digunakan adalah“are”. “No longer” menyatakan keadaan masa sekarang (present)
9.
Kunci : D
Their
Seharusnya menggunakan “theirs” karena merupakan independent possessive pronoun
10. Kunci : B They are
ANSWER CHAPTER 2
1.
Kunci : B Will
8.
been rise
be given
Menyatakan perbuatan yang dilakukan pada masa lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.
2. Kunci : B Will have taken 3. Kunci : A Could sail 4. Kunci : A Had been scrutinizing Lihat verb arrived di akhir kalimat yang menandakan past time. Kata before berarti event pertama terjadi sebelum vent kedua (the director arrived). Maka, tense yang digunakan adalah past perfect tense (aktif, bukan pasif seperti pilihan C) 5. Kunci : D Had already slept Keterangan waktu by the time their parents got home menunjukkan penggunaan perfect tense 6. Kunci : C Had never gone
Kalimat setelah “before” berbentuk Simple Past Tense sehingga kalimat sebelum “before” harus berbentuk Past Perfect Tense (ingat pasangan bentuk kalimat yang dihubungkan dengan“before”) 7. Kunci : A Am to be Present perfect continuous
Pola : S + have + been + V.ing + … Tense ini menunjukan durasi / periode waktu suatu aktivitas yang dilakukan pada masa lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung
Kunci : A Has
9.
Kunci : A
Had never visited Bentuk past perfect tense, menyatakan perbuatan yang telah selesai sebelum perbuatan lain terjadi di masa lampau. 10. Kunci : A Gets
ANSWER CHAPTER 3
1.
8.
Kunci : D
Kunci : B
is spent
Had already been paid
“time” adalah uncountable noun , sehingga meski plural ( all) tetap dianggap single 2. Kunci : B By Kalimat tersebut merupakan pola pasif sehingga dapat menggunakan by phrase
Kunci : D
Was being Kalimat ini merupakan bentuk passive past continuous tenses Pola : S +was/were + being + V3
3. Kunci : C Will be submitted Pola kalimat yang tepat adalah pasif sehingga harus ada to be + V3
4. Kunci : C Will be walking “At a.m. 06.30 keterangan merupakan untuk kalimat Future Continuous Tense
9.
tomorrow” waktu
5. Kunci : C. We`re having 6. Kunci : A Was being
7. Kunci : C Celebrated Indirect Quotient Subject ruled that – celebrated
10. Kunci : A Is Regarded Ini merupakan materi bahasan passive voice
ANSWER CHAPTER 4
8. 1.
That
Kunci : C
Whom
“... Taufik Hidayat won the Sudirman Cup” merupakan subjek karena setelah frase tersebut adalah to be. Jadi jawaban yang benar adalah “that”. Conjunction yang tepat adalah “as”
2. Kunci : D Because of Karena diikuti noun atau noun clause 3. Kunci : D Despite 4. Kunci : B As 5. Kunci : D Besides the hotel Besides berarti kecuali. Dinyatakan bahwa tidak hanya “family” yang senang akan liburan tetapi juga “hotel”. Oleh karena itu digunakan besides (selain/disamping (selain/disamping itu), bukan beside yang berarti disamping 6. Kunci : A Because of Kalimat tersebut menunjukkan hubungan sebab akibat sehingga pilihan yang tepat adalah because of (karena diikuti dengan frase, bukan klausa) 7. Kunci : D In which
“Coral Reef Areas” merupakan tempat sehingga relative clause untuk tempat adalah “where” atau “in which”
Kunci : A
9.
Kunci : D
As Kalimat ini menyatakan sebuah sebab-akibat, sehingga 10. Kunci : D And And = dan , yet = sejauh ini, but = tetapi , instead = selain itu
ANSWER CHAPTER 5
1.
8.
Kunci : B
Kunci : A
Hasn’t he
Physics
kalimat soal merupakan Question tag. Bila bagian depan merupakan kalimat positif maka bagian belakang adalah kalimat tanya negatif
2. Kunci : A Customary
Membutuhkan adjective “ … , it is customary to remove shoes (… , ini sebuah kebiasaan untuk tidak mengenakan alas kaki) ”
9.
Kunci : D
Shall we 3. Kunci : D Has he
Question tag Let’s …….. ,shall we?
4. Kunci : C
10. Kunci : D
Appeared diikuti kata sifat, bukan benda. Seharusnya unwilling
5. Kunci : C Form Prehistoric menunjukkan bahwa event pada kalimat ini terjadi di masa lampau. Form
Formed
6. Kunci : A Did it Pilihan tag question yang tepat adalah was it, sedangkan when the director was gone hanya menunjukkan keterangan waktu saja
7. Kunci : B Would he Never dianggap negative, maka tag – nya harus dalam positif
Aren’t there
ANSWER CHAPTER 6
1.
Kunci : B The
cheapest
2. Kunci : C Twice as complicated as
8. Kunci : D Alike Alike tidak ditempatkan di tengah kalimat melainkan di akhir, sehingga harus diganti dengan like
9. Kunci : A 3. Kunci : B Lower
4. Kunci : C The best The best, seharusnya the better
5. Kunci : D The most expensive Komparasi superlative. The + most + adjective/adjective + est + noun
6. Kunci : A Farther than Karena ada dua hal yang diperbandingkan maka tingkat perbandingan yang tepat adalah comparative degree
7. Kunci : C Better than Pasangan would rather adalah than, bukan better than
The less I understand it Kesesuaian antara kaliamat 1
dengan kalimat berikutnya
10. Kunci : C As old as
ANSWER CHAPTER 7
1.
2.
Kunci : D
8.
Feeding
So is he kalimat soal merupakan bentuk
Kunci :B
“elliptical construction” yang positif maka rumusnya So + Aux + S atau S + Aux + too
For its cast member 3.
Kunci : B
Kunci : A
9.
Kunci : D
Those Neither will he S + will not = neither will + S 4.
Kunci : D
To attend 10.
Kunci : B
To attend, seharusnya attending Neither am I Either + S + Negative to be/aux + not 5.
Kunci : B
Neither + to be/aux + S With experience earned on the occupational specialties Not only appears before with, So you only need need to find an answer answer that starts with the word with to make the sentence parallel 6. Kunci : D Fiercely Fiercely merupakan adverb sehingga tidak parallel dengan dreamy dan brave. Seharusnya fierce
7. Kunci : B Neither does Ita Kalimat tersebut merupakan kalimat elliptical constuction, karena klausa awal merupakan bentuk negatif (barely) maka klausa akhir juga negative
ANSWER CHAPTER 8
1.
Kunci : B
From 2. Kunci : A Should Should mengindifikasikan advice. Must bias dipakai tetapi biasanya oleh seorang atasan, orang tua, guru atau lainnya untuk memberi perintah. Might juga bisa dipakai untuk memberi advice yang diberikan. Need harus diikuti to sebelum kata kerja
3. Kunci : C Had better
Kalimat setelah ”before” berbentuk simple present tense sehingga kalimat sebelum “before” adalah kalimat anj uran. Kalimat anjuran selalu menggunakan “should” atau “had better” 4. Kunci : C. For the propely plan of a knowledge management system and also a 5. Kunci : C Could have gone Could have V3 = sebenarnya bias terjadi pada waktu lampau
6. Kunci : A
Shouldn’t
7. Kunci : B Must have gone to bed The ligh dikamarnya mati, maka kesimpulannya : dia telah pergi tidur
8. Kunci : A Might of gone 9. Kunci : A In 10. Kunci : C Including
ANSWER CHAPTER 9
1.
Kunci : C
To buy
2. Kunci : B Do
3. Kunci : B Get
4. Kunci : C Scanning
5. Kunci : A Read 6. Kunci :B Be 7. Kunci : A Having 8. Kunci : C Constructing
9. Kunci : B Dealing Is accustomend to Selalu diikuti oleh gerund 10. Kunci : B To live Afford selalu diikuti to ifiitive. Ex : I can’t afford to buy you a car
ANSWER CHAPTER 10
1.
Kunci : A
An island
2. Kunci : B Aliegedly
3. Kunci : D The frieghtening movie
4. Kunci : C
One of the worl’s busiest flight corridors
5. Kunci : D Relaying
8. Kunci : C Which live underground Klausa di dalam kurung merupakan ADJECTIVE CLAUSE yang biasa dimulai dengan WHO, WHOM, WHICH, dan THAT tergantung subyek yang mendahului. WHICH dipakai karena Caecilians adalah hewan. Example : Which live underground underground Living underground
9. Kunci : B Pitted Pit berarti mengeluarkan biji dari buahbuahan. Pitted adalah adjective yang dipakai untuk menerangkan buah yang sudah dibuang bijinya. Pitted cherries : ceri yang sudah dibuang bijinya
6. Kunci : A Embarrassed Kalimat ini menunjuk pada subjek yang sama (Michel) yang melakukan
sesuatu bersamaan, yaitu ‘signed’ dan ‘be embarrased’. Pada kalimat semacam ini, subjek bisa dihilangkan pada frasa di awal kalimat. Kalimat ini memiliki
hubungan cause-effect
7. Kunci : C Thrilled Lihat soal nomor 2. Kalimat ini sama dengan kalimat pada nomor dua. Bisa diubah urutannya menjadi: Thrilled to win the prize, Mary tripped when she ran upstairs
10. Kunci : C The fourth planet from the sun Bagian yang diapit oleh oleh tanda koma hanyalah hanyalah merupakan apositive
ANSWER CHAPTER 11
1.
Kunci : B
Had seen
2. Kunci : B Will shatter
3. Kunci : C Had he known
8. Kunci : A Would work Conditional type 2 (lihat kata fixed pada klause IF) menggunakan bentuk past future tense pada kalimat utamanya
9. Kunci : A Would get Kalimat tersebut merupakan kalimat conditional type 2. Formula: S+would+V1, if S+V2 (were)
4. Kunci : C Had had 5. Kunci : A Were 6. Kunci : B Had Installed 7. Kunci : A Will dry Hanya pilihan A yang mungkin dipakai. Verb yang mengikuti kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal harus berbentuk + s/es. Will harus diikuti kata kerja asli (infinitive). Pilihan D tidak mungkin karena pengandaian type I selalu dalam bentuk present
10. Kunci : A Do
I’d rather = I would rather maka setelah would rather digunakan VI tanpa “to”
ANSWER CHAPTER 12
1.
Kunci : A
To take 2.
Kunci : D
8. Kunci : C Delivered Pola kalimat : S + have/has/had + noun + VIII + clause
Did I work 3. Kunci : A Eat Let merupakan salah satu causative. Let + Object + Verb 1 Example : Let me go
4. Kunci : C Did the little boy spell Jika strukturnya kalimat dibalik, maka susunan S dan V pun harus dibalik dan disusun seperti kalimat Tanya menjadi Aux + S + V1
5. Kunci : D Count Help selalu diikuti kata kerja infinitive meskipun terdapat subyek di tengahtengahnya. Ex : Would you please pl ease help me pass the book to her 6. Kunci : B Return back Return sudah berarti kembali lagi, jadi back tidak diperlukan.
7. Kunci : C Does markus become Pola : Not only + to be +S
9. Kunci : D It should be stored for later consumption 10. Kunci :C Not only
ANSWER CHAPTER 13
1.
8. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya
Kunci : A
The other 2.
9. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya
Kunci : B
Such 3.
Kunci : C
A A seharusnya dalam kalimat 4.
10. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya tidak diperlukan
Kunci : B
An An
A karena nutrient diawali oleh bunyi konsonan ‘n’ 5-10 soal prediksi
5. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya
6. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya
7. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya
ANSWER CHAPTER 14
1.
Kunci : D
Where he had gone the night before 2. Kunci : D If he had finished his homework
Kata pengantarnya adalah “said” (V2) jadi kalimat yang ada dalam tanda petik harus berubah bentuk kalimat. Kalimat Simple Past Tense harus berubah menjadi Past Perfect Tense 3. Kunci : A Investigate 4. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya 5. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya 6. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya 7. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya
8. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya 9. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya 10. Soal Prediksi Mohon dijawab/dicari jawabannya
ANSWER CHAPTER 15
1. Kunci : C Conclude 2. Kunci : C Record the creation of the language 3. Kunci : B They adapt the word to create an 4. Kunci : C Explanation of complex language formation 5. Kunci : B Systems 6. Kunci : C A complex grammer system that come from pidgins 7. Kunci : A Termed Designate = menunjuk, menandai, mengindikasikan 8. Kunci : C They are the largest stars in the universe in physical size See the first sentence of the last paragraph 9. Kunci : D Appear blue in colour and have enormous energi. See the first sentence of the second paragraph 10. Kunci : A Brightness Luminosity = kecerahan 11. Kunci : B V354 Orion Orion is a constellation 12. Kunci : C Rigel Look at the previous sentence
13. Kunci : B Explanation about red supergiants It discusses not only red supetgiants, but also blue supergiants
STANBRAIN MODULE
