NORME INTERNATIONALE
CEI CE I IEC IE C 60027-2
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Troisième édition Third edition 2005-08
Symboles littéraux à utiliser en électrotechnique – Partie 2: Télécommunications et électronique Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 2: Telecommunications and electronics
© IEC
2005 2005 Droits de reproduction réservés réservés
Aucu Aucune ne partie partie de cette cette public publicat ation ion ne peu peutt être être repro reprodu duite ite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. International International Electrotechnical Commission, Commission, Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11
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60027-2
IEC:2005
–3–
CONTENTS FOREWORD...........................................................................................................................5 1
Scope ...............................................................................................................................9
2
Normative references .......................................................................................................9
3
General concepts ........................................................................................................... 13 3.1
General .................................................................................................................13
3.2
Linear networks .....................................................................................................35
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.2.1
General .....................................................................................................35
3.2.2
Two-port linear networks under sinusoidal conditions ................................35
3.2.3
n
-port linear networks under sinusoidal conditions ..................................... 53
Line transmission of signals and telephony............................................................ 65 3.3.1
General .....................................................................................................65
3.3.2
Line transmission ...................................................................................... 65
3.3.3
Subscripts for line transmission .................................................................67
3.3.4
Telephony .................................................................................................69
3.3.5
Subscripts for telephony ............................................................................71
Waveguide propagation .........................................................................................73 3.4.1
Frequency and wavelength in a waveguide................................................73
3.4.2
Characteristic and normalized impedance and admittance in general (unbounded space, waveguide or transmission line) .................................. 73
3.4.3
Impedance and admittance at a point in a substance.................................75
3.4.4
Impedance and admittance at a point in vacuum .......................................75
3.4.5
Impedance and admittance of a waveguide ...............................................77
Radiocommunications ........................................................................................... 79 3.5.1
General .....................................................................................................79
3.5.2
General and tropospheric propagation ....................................................... 79
3.5.3
Ionospheric propagation ............................................................................83
3.5.4
Antennas ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........ ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 85
3.5.5
Radio links ................................................................................................93
3.6
Optical fibre communication ..................................................................................97
3.7
Television............................................................................................................107
3.8
Data processing and data transmission ...............................................................111
3.9
3.8.1
Teletraffic ................................................................................................111
3.8.2
Data processing and digital transmission .................................................113
3.8.3
Prefixes for binary multiples .................................................................... 121
Information theory ............................................................................................... 123
3.10 Dependability ......................................................................................................129 3.11 Equivalent circuits of piezoelectric crystal units ................................................... 133 3.12 Semiconductor devices ....................................................................................... 141 3.13 Electroacoustics ..................................................................................................141
60027-2
IEC:2005
–5–
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ____________
LETTER SYMBOLS TO BE USED IN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY – Part 2: Telecommunications and electronics
FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and nongovernmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60027-2 has been prepared by IEC t echnical committee 2 5: Quantities and units, and their letter symbols. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2000. This third edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) it contains a revision of some clauses of the first edition that were not technically revised in the second edition; b) it contains a revision of Clause 8 which is now Clause 10; c) it contains some new clauses dealing with subjects that were not previously considered; d) former Clause 10 will be given in another part of IEC 60027; e) former Clause 11 will be revised as IEC 60027-6.
60027-2
IEC:2005
–7–
The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS
Report on voting
25/298/FDIS
25/304/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. IEC 60027 consists of the following parts, under the general title Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology: Part 1:
General
Part 2:
Telecommunications and electronics
Part 3:
Logarithmic and related quantities, and their units
Part 4:
Symbols for quantities to be used for rotating electrical machines
Part 6:
Control technology
Part 7:
Physiological quantities and units
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under http://webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be T
•
reconfirmed,
•
withdrawn,
•
replaced by a revised edition, or
•
amended.
T
T
60027-2
IEC:2005
–9–
LETTER SYMBOLS TO BE USED IN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY – Part 2: Telecommunications and electronics
1
Scope
This part of IEC 60027 is applicable to telecommunications and electronics. It gives names and symbols for quantities and units.
2
Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60027-1:1992, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 1: General IEC 60027-3:2002, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 3: Logarithmic and related quantities IEC 60050-101:1998, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 101: Mathematics IEC 60050-131:2002, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 131 – Circuit theory IEC 60050-191:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 191: Dependability and quality of service IEC 60050-351:1998, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 351: Automatic control IEC 60050-702:1992, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 702: Oscillations, signals and related devices IEC 60050-704:1993, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 704: Transmission IEC 60050-705:1995, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 705: Ra dio wave propagation IEC 60050-712:1992, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 712: Antennas IEC 60050-713:1998, International Electr otechnical Vocabulary – Part 713: Radiocommunications: transmitters, receivers, networks and operation IEC 60050-715:1996, Telecommunication networks, teletraffic and operation IEC 60050-721:1991, Inter national E lectrotechnical Vocabulary facsimile and data communication
– P art 721: T elegraphy,
IEC 60050-722:1992, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 722: Telephony IEC 60050-723:1997, International E lectrotechnical Vocabul ary – Part 723: Broadcast ing: sound, television, data
60027-2
IEC:2005
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IEC 60050-725:1994, International E lectrotechnical Vocabu lary – Part 725: Space radiocommunications IEC 60050-726:1982, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 726: Transmission lines and waveguides IEC 60050-731:1991, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 731: Optica l fibre communication IEC 60122-1:2002, Quartz crystal units of assessed quality – Part 1: Generic specification IEC 60375:2003, Conventions concerning electric and magnetic circuits IEC 60747(all parts), Semiconductor devices – Discrete devices IEC 60747-1:1983, Semiconductor devices – Discrete devices – Part 1: General IEC 60748 (all parts), Semiconductor devices – Integrated circuits IEC 60748-1:2002, Semiconductor devices – Integrated circuits – Part 1: General IEC 61703:2001, Mathematical expressions for reliability, availability, maintainability and maintenance support terms IEC 61931:1998, Fibre optic – Terminology ISO/IEC 2382-16:1996, Information technology – Vocabulary – Part 16: Information theory ISO 31-0:1992, Reference materials – Contents of certificates and labels ISO 31-11:1992, Quantities and units – Part 11: Mathematical signs and symbols for use in the physical sciences and technology NOTE 1 In this part of IEC 60027, complex quantities are denoted by underlining their symbols. However, this does not constitute a compulsory rule in applications (see 1.6 in IEC 60027-1). NOTE 2 The heading in the tables "Unit, coherent with the SI" covers SI units and other units coherent with the SI, such as bar and neper.
