Apéndice 1 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) Tabla A-1 Tabla A-2 Tabla A-3 Tabla A-4 Tabla A-5 Tabla A-6 Tabla A-7 Tabla A-8 Figura A-9 Figura A-10 Tabla A-11 Tabla A-12 Tabla A-13 Figura A-14 Figura A-15 Tabla A-16 Tabla A-17 Tabla A-18 Tabla A-19 Tabla A-20
Masa molar, molar, const constante ante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Vapor de agua sobrecalentado Agua líquida comprimida Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Diagrama T-s para el agua Diagrama de Mollier para el agua Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado Diagrama P-h para refrigerante 134a Gráfica generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Propiedades de gas ideal del aire Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 Propiedad Prop iedades es de gas del oxígeno, oxígeno, O2 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbo carbono, no, CO2
Tabla A-21 Tabla A-22 Tabla A-23 Tabla A-24 Tabla A-25 Tabla A-26
Tabla A-27 Tabla A-28 Figura A-29 Figura A-30 Figura A-31 Tabla A-32
Tabla A-33
Tabla A-34
Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbo carbono, no, CO Propiedades Propie dades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, hidrógeno, H2 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua ag ua,, H2O Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoat mon oatómi ómico, co, O Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH Entalpía de formación, formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 25°C 25 °C,, 1 atm atm Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes Logaritmos naturales de la constante de equilibrio K p Gráfica generalizada de desviación de entalpía Gráfica generalizada de desviación de entropía Gráfica psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total Funciones unidimensionales isentrópicos de flujo compresible para un gas ideal con k 1.4 Funciones unidimensionales de choque normal de un gas ideal con k 1.4 Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k 1.4
|
883
884
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-1 Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico
Sustancia
Fórmula
Agua Aire Alcohol etílico Alcohol metílico Amoniaco Argón Benceno Bromo n -Butano Cloro Cloroformo Cloruro metílico Criptón Diclor Dic lorodi odiflu fluoro oromet metano ano (R(R-12 12)) Dicl Di clor orof oflu luor orom omet etan anoo (R (R-2 -21) 1) Dióxido de carbono Dióxido de sulfuro Etano Etileno Helio n -Hexano Hidrógeno (normal) Metano Monóxido de carbono Neón Nitrógeno Óxido nitroso Oxígeno Propano Propileno Tetracloruro de carbono Tet etra rafl fluo uoro roet etan anoo (R (R-1 -134 34a) a) Tri ricl clor orof oflu luor orom omet etan anoo (R (R-1 -11) 1) Xenón
H2O — C2H5OH CH3OH NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 Cl2 CHCl3 CH3Cl Kr CCl2F2 CHCl CH Cl2F CO2 SO2 C2H6 C2H4 He C6H14 H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C3H6 CCl4 CF3CH2F CCll3F CC Xe
Propiedades del punto crítico
Masa molar, kg/kmol M kg/kmol
Constanre de gas, R kJ/kg · K*
Temperatura, K
18.015 28.97 46.07 32.042 17.03 39.948 7 8.115 78 159.808 58.124 58 70.906 119.38 50.488 83.80 120.91 102.92 44.01 64.063 30.070 28.054 4.003 86.179 86 2.016 16.043 28.011 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 4 4.097 44 4 2.081 42 153.82 15 102.03 137.37 131.30
0.4615 0.2870 0.1805 0.2595 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1173 0.06964 0.1647 0.09921 0.06876 0.08078 0.1889 0.1298 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240 0.5182 0.2968 0.4119 0.2968 0.1889 0.2598 0.1885 0.1976 0.05405 0.08149 0.06052 0.06332
647.1 132.5 516 513.2 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 417 536.6 416.3 209.4 384.7 451.7 304.2 430.7 305.5 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3 191.1 133 44.5 126.2 309.7 154.8 370 365 556.4 374.2 471.2 289.8
Presión, MPa 22.06 3.77 6.38 7.95 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.71 5.47 6.68 5.50 4.01 5.17 7.39 7.88 4.48 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30 4.64 3.50 2.73 3.39 7.27 5.08 4.26 4.62 4.56 4.059 4.38 5.88
Volumen, m3 /kmol 0.0560 0.0883 0.1673 0.1180 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.1242 0.2403 0.1430 0.0924 0.2179 0.1973 0.0943 0.1217 0.1480 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649 0.0993 0.0930 0.0417 0.0899 0.0961 0.0780 0.1998 0.1810 0.2759 0.1993 0.2478 0.1186
R u / M M, donde R u 8.31447 kJ/kmol · K y M es *La unidad en kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kPa · m 3 /kg · K. La constante de gas se calcula de R es la masa molar.
Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; y ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, (Atlanta, GA: Sociedad Americana
de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Acondicionamiento de Aire, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 y 36.1.
Apéndice 1
|
885
TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes a ) A 300 K Gas
Fórmula
Aire Argón Butano Dióxido de carbono Etano Etileno Helio Hidrógeno Metano Monóxido de carbono N eón Nitrógeno Octano Oxígeno Propano Vapor
— Ar C4H10 CO2 C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O
Constante de gas, R kJ/kg · K 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.2968 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615
c p
c v
kJ/kg · K
kJ/kg · K
k
1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.040 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723
0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.744 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108
1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.400 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327
Nota: La unidad kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kJ/kg · °C. Fuente: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics tercera tercera edición, por Kyle, B.G., © 2000. Adaptado con permiso de Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle
River, Nueva Jersey.
886
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes ( continuación ) b ) A diversas temperaturas c p
Temperatura, K 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000
kJ/k kJ /kgg · K
c v
kJ/kg kJ /kg · K
c p
k
Aire
1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142 14.051 14.307 14.427 14.476 14.501 14.513 14.530 14.546 14.571 14.604 14.645 14.695 14.822 14.983
0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855
c v
kJ/k kJ /kgg · K
kJ/k kJ /kgg · K
c p
Dióxido de carbono , CO 2
1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336
0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234
Hidrógeno , H 2
9.927 10.183 10.302 10.352 10.377 10.389 10.405 10.422 10.447 10.480 10.521 10.570 10.698 10.859
1.039 1.039 1.041 1.044 1.049 1.056 1.065 1.075 1.086 1.098 1.110 1.121 1.145 1.167
1.416 1.405 1.400 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.396 1.396 1.395 1.394 1.392 1.390 1.385 1.380
0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045 0.742 0.743 0.744 0.747 0.752 0.759 0.768 0.778 0.789 0.801 0.813 0.825 0.849 0.870
1.400 1.400 1.399 1.397 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.371 1.365 1.360 1.349 1.341
kJ/k kJ /kgg · K
k
Monóxido de carbono , CO
1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181
Nitrógeno , N 2
c v
kJ/k kJ /kgg · K
k
1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185
0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888
1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335
Oxígeno , O 2
0.913 0.918 0.928 0.941 0.956 0.972 0.988 1.003 1.017 1.031 1.043 1.054 1.074 1.090
0.653 0.658 0.668 0.681 0.696 0.712 0.728 0.743 0.758 0.771 0.783 0.794 0.814 0.830
1.398 1.395 1.389 1.382 1.373 1.365 1.358 1.350 1.343 1.337 1.332 1.327 1.319 1.313
Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, p. 783, Tabla Tabla A-4M. Publicada originalmente en Tables of Ther- mal Properties of Gases , NBS Circular 564, 1955.
Apéndice 1
|
887
TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (conclusión ) c ) Como una función de la temperatura _ 2 bT cT c p a
dT 3
(T en en K, c p en kJ/kmol · K) Sus usta tanc ncia ia
Fórm Fó rmu ula
Acetileno Aire Amoniaco Azufre Benceno i -Butano n -Butano Cloruro de hidrógeno Dióxido de azufre Dióxido de carbono Dióxido de nitrógeno Etano Etanol Etileno n -Hexano Hidrógeno Metano Metanol Monóxido de carbono Nitrógeno Óxido nítrico Óxid Óx idoo ni nitr tros osoo Oxígeno n -Pentano Propano Propileno Trióxido de azufre Vapor Va por de agu aguaa
C2H2 21 21.8 — 28.11 NH3 27.5 27 .568 68 S2 27.21 36 C6H6 36.2 .22 2 7.913 C4H10 C4H10 3. 3.96 HCl
a
b
9.2143 102 0.1967 102 2.56 2. 5630 30 102 2.218 102 48.4 48 .475 75 102 41.60 102 37.15 102
30.33
c
Rango de temp mp., ., K te
d
6.527 10 5 0.4802 105
% de error
Máx. Má x. Pr Prom om..
0.99072 105 1.628 10 5 31.57 105 23.01 105 18.34 105
18.21 109 1.966 10 9 6.6909 10 9 3.986 109 77.62 109 49.91 109 35.00 109
273–15 273– 1500 00 273– 27 3–18 1800 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–18 1800 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00
1.46 1.46 0.72 0. 72 0.91 0. 91 0.99 0. 99 0.34 0. 34 0.25 0. 25 0.54 0. 54
0.59 0.59 0.33 0. 33 0.36 0. 36 0.38 0. 38 0.20 0. 20 0.13 0. 13 0.24 0. 24
0.7620 102
1.327 105
4.338 109
273– 27 3–15 1500 00
0.22 0. 22
0.08 0. 08
SO2
2 5. 5.78
5.795 102
3.812 105
8.612
10 9
273– 27 3–18 1800 00
0.45 0. 45
0.24 0. 24
CO2
2 2. 2.26
5.981 102
3.501 105
7.469
10 9
273– 27 3–18 1800 00
0.67 0. 67
0.22 0. 22
7.87 109 7.285 109 20.05 109 17.67 109 57.69 109 0.8704 10 9 11.01 10 9 8.039 109
273–15 273– 1500 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–18 1800 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–10 1000 00
0.46 0.46 0.83 0. 83 0.40 0. 40 0.54 0. 54 0.72 0. 72 1.01 1. 01 1.33 1. 33 0.18 0. 18
0.18 0.18 0.28 0. 28 0.22 0. 22 0.13 0. 13 0.20 0. 20 0.26 0. 26 0.57 0. 57 0.08 0. 08
0.89 0.89 0.59 0. 59 0.97 0. 97 0.59 0. 59 1.19 1. 19 0.56 0. 56 0.40 0. 40 0.73 0. 73
0.37 0.37 0.34 0. 34 0.36 0. 36 0.26 0. 26 0.28 0. 28 0.21 0. 21 0.12 0. 12 0.17 0. 17
0.29 0.29 0.53 0. 53
0.13 0.13 0.24 0. 24
NO 2 C2H6 C2H6O C2H4 C6H14 H2 CH4 CH4O
22.9 6.900 19.9 3.95 6.938 29.11 19.89 19 19.0
5.715 102 17.27 102 20.96 102 15.64 102 55.22 102 0.1916 102 5.024 102 9.152 102
3.52 105 6.406 10 5
CO N2 NO N2O O2 C5H12 C3H8 C3H6
28.16 0.1675 102 0. 28.90 0.1571 102 29.34 0.09395 102 24.11 5.8632 102 25.48 1.520 102 6.774 45.43 102 4.04 30.48 102 3.15 23.83 102
0.5372 105 0.8081 105 0.9747 105 3.562 105 0.7155 10 5 22.46 10 5 15.72 10 5 12.18 10 5
2.222 10 9 2.873 109
1.312 109 42.29 109 31.74 109 24.62 109
273–18 273– 1800 00 273– 27 3–18 1800 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–18 1800 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00 273– 27 3–15 1500 00
SO3 H 2O
1 6. 6.40 32.24
14.58 102 0.1923 102
11.20 10 5 1.055 105
32.42 109 3.595 109
273–13 273– 1300 00 273– 27 3–18 1800 00
10.38 105 8.344 105 28.65 10 5 0.4003 105
1.269 1.22
10 5 10 5
4.187 10 9 10.58 109
Fuente : B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics , Englewood Cliffs, Nueva Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1984. Usada con permiso.
888
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes a ) Líquidos Datos de ebullición a 1 atm
Sustancia
Punto Calor latente de Punto Calor latente normal de vaporización de congede fusión ebullición, °C h fg , kJ/kg lación, °C h if , kJ/kg
Aceite (ligero) Agua
100
Alcohol etílico Amoniaco
33.3
Argón Benceno n -Butano Dióxido de carbono Etanol Etilén glicol Glicerina Helio Hidrógeno Isobutano Mercurio Metano Metanol Nitrógeno Octano Oxígeno Petróleo Propano Queroseno Refrigerante 134a Salmuera (20% de cloruro de sodio por masa)
Datos de congelación
78.6
185.9
80.2 0.5 78.4*
78.2 198.1 179.9 268.9 252.8 11.7 356.7 161.5 64.5 195.8
124.8 183
— 42.1
2257
855 1357
161.6 394 385.2 230.5 (a 0°C) 838.3 800.1 974 22.8 445.7 367.1 294.7 510.4 1100 198.6 306.3 212.7 230–384 427.8
0.0
156 77.7
189.3
5.5 138.5
333.7
108 322.4
28 126 80.3
56.6 114.2 10.8
18.9 — 259.2 160 38.9 182.2 97.7 210 57.5
109 181.1 200.6 — 59.5 105.7 11.4 58.4 99.2 25.3
218.8
180.7 13.7
187.7
80.0
204–293 26.1
251 217.0
24.9 96.6
— —
103.9
—
17.4
—
Propiedades del líquido
Temperatura, °C
Densidad r , kg/m3
Calor específico c p , kJ/kg · K
25 0 25 50 75 100 20 33.3 20 0 25 185.6 20 0.5 0 25 20 20 268.9 252.8 11.7 25 161.5 100 25 195.8 160 20 183 20 42.1 0 50 20 50
910 1000 997 988 975 958 789 682 665 639 602 1394 879 601 298 783 1109 1261 146.2 70.7 593.8 13,560 423 301 787 809 596 703 1141 640 581 529 449 820 1443
1.80 4.22 4.18 4.18 4.19 4.22 2.84 4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0 2.28 0.139 3.49 5.79 2.55 2.06 2.97 2.10 1.71 2.0 2.25 2.53 3.13 2.00 1.23
20 26.1 0 25
1150 1374 1295 1207
3.11 1.27 1.34 1.43
* Temperatura de sublimación. (A presiones por debajo de la presión de punto triple de 518 kPa, el dióxido de carbono existe como sólido o como gas. También, la temperatura de punto de congelamiento del dióxido de carbono es la temperatura de punto triple de –56.5°C.)
Apéndice 1
|
889
TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes (conclusión ) b ) Sólidos (los valores son para temperatura ambiente, excepto que se indique otra cosa) Densidad, kg/m3
Sustancia
r
Calor específico, c p kJ/kg · K
Metales
Densidad, Calor específico, c p kJ/kg · K r kg/m3
Sustancia No metales
Acero dulce Aluminio 200 K 250 K 300 K 350 K 400 K 450 K 500 K Bronce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Cobre 173°C 100°C 50°C 0°C 27°C 100°C 200°C Hierro Latón amarillo (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Magnesio Níquel Plata Plomo Tungsteno
7,830
0.500
Arena Arcilla Asfalto Caucho (blando) Caucho (duro) Concreto Diamante Grafito Granito Hielo 200 K 220 K 240 K 260 K 273 K Ladrillo común Ladrillo refractario (500°C) Madera contrachapada (abeto Douglas) Maderas duras (maple, encino, etc.) Maderas suaves (abeto, pino, etc.) Mármol Piedra Piedra caliza Vidrio para ventanas Vidrio pirex Yeso o tabla de yeso
0.797 0.859 0.902 0.929 0.949 0.973 0.997 0.400
2,700
8,280
7,840 8,310
0.254 0.342 0.367 0.381 0.386 0.393 0.403 0.45 0.400
1,730 8,890 10,470 11,310 19,400
1.000 0.440 0.235 0.128 0.130
8,900
1520 1000 2110 1100 1150 2300 2420 2500 2700
0.800 0.920 0.920 1.840 2.009 0.653 0.616 0.711 1.017
921 1922 2300
1.56 1.71 1.86 2.01 2.11 0.79 0.960
545 721 513 2600 1500 1650 2700 2230 800
1.21 1.26 1.38 0.880 0.800 0.909 0.800 0.840 1.0
c ) Alimentos Calor específico,
Calor específico,
Alimentos
Brócoli Camarón Carne de pollo Carne de res Cerezas Espinaca Fresas Huevo entero Leche entera Lechuga Maíz dulce
Contenido de agua, % (masa)
90 83 74 67 80 93 90 74 88 95 74
Punto de congelación, °C 0.6 2.2 2.8
— 1.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6
kJ/kg Por encima del punto de congelación
3.86 3.62 3.32 3.08 3.52 3.96 3.86 3.32 3.79 4.02 3.32
·K Por debajo Calor del punto latente de conge- de fusión, lación kJ/kg
1.97 1.89 1.77 1.68 1.85 2.01 1.97 1.77 1.95 2.04 1.77
301 277 247 224 267 311 301 247 294 317 247
Alimentos
Contenido de agua, % (masa)
Helado Mantequilla Manzanas Naranjas Papas Pavo Plátanos Queso suizo Salmón Sandía Tomates (maduros)
63 16 84 87 78 64 75 39 64 93 94
Punto de congelación, °C 5.6
— 1.1 0.8 0.6 — 0.8 10.0 2.2 0.4 0.5
kJ/kg · K Por encima Por debajo Calor del punto del punto latente de conge- de conge- de fusión, lación lación kJ/kg
2.95 — 3.65 3.75 3.45 2.98 3.35 2.15 2.98 3.96 3.99
1.63 1.04 1.90 1.94 1.82 1.65 1.78 1.33 1.65 2.01 2.02
210 53 281 291 261 214 251 130 214 311 314
Fuente : Los valores han sido obtenidos de varios manuales y otras fuentes, o se han calculado. El contenido de agua y los datos de punto de congelación para alimentos provienen del ASHRAE , Handbook of Fundamentals , versión SI, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Inc., 1993, Capítulo 30, Tabla 1. El punto de congelación es la temperatura a la que comienza la congelación para frutas y verduras, así como la temperatura promedio de congelación para otros alimentos.
890
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Volumen específico,
Energía interna,
Entalpía,
Entropía,
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg · K
Temp., T °C
Pres. sat., P sat kPa
Líq. sat.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Vapor Evap., sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Vapor Evap., sat.,
v f
v g
u f
u fg
u g
h f
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
0.01 5 10 15 20
0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392
0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002
206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762
0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913
2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4
2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3
0.001 2500.9 21.020 2489.1 42.022 2477.2 62.982 2465.4 83.915 2453.5
2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4
0.0000 9.1556 9.1556 0.0763 8.9487 9.0249 0.1511 8.7488 8.8999 0.2245 8.5559 8.7803 0.2965 8.3696 8.6661
25 30 35 40 45
3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953
0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010
43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251
104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43
2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7
2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1
104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44
2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0
2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4
0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386
8.1895 8.0152 7.8466 7.6832 7.5247
8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633
s g
50 55 60 65 70
12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202
0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023
12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396
209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04
2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8
2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9
209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07
2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0
2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1
0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551
7.3710 7.2218 7.0769 6.9360 6.7989
8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540
75 80 85 90 95
38.597 47.416 57.868 70.183 84.609
0.001026 0.001029 0.001032 0.001036 0.001040
4.1291 3.4053 2.8261 2.3593 1.9808
313.99 334.97 355.96 376.97 398.00
2161.3 2146.6 2131.9 2117.0 2102.0
2475.3 2481.6 2487.8 2494.0 2500.1
314.03 335.02 356.02 377.04 398.09
2320.6 2308.0 2295.3 2282.5 2269.6
2634.6 2643.0 2651.4 2659.6 2667.6
1.0158 1.0756 1.1346 1.1929 1.2504
6.6655 6.5355 6.4089 6.2853 6.1647
7.6812 7.6111 7.5435 7.4782 7.4151
100 105 110 115 120
101.42 120.90 143.38 169.18 198.67
0.001043 0.001047 0.001052 0.001056 0.001060
1.6720 1.4186 1.2094 1.0360 0.89133
419.06 440.15 461.27 482.42 503.60
2087.0 2071.8 2056.4 2040.9 2025.3
2506.0 2511.9 2517.7 2523.3 2528.9
419.17 440.28 461.42 482.59 503.81
2256.4 2243.1 2229.7 2216.0 2202.1
2675.6 2683.4 2691.1 2698.6 2706.0
1.3072 6.0470 1.3634 5.9319 1.4188 5.8193 1.4737 5.7092 1.5279 5.6013
7.3542 7.2952 7.2382 7.1829 7.1292
125 130 135 140 145
232.23 270.28 313.22 361.53 415.68
0.001065 0.001070 0.001075 0.001080 0.001085
0.77012 0.66808 0.58179 0.50850 0.44600
524.83 546.10 567.41 588.77 610.19
2009.5 1993.4 1977.3 1960.9 1944.2
2534.3 2539.5 2544.7 2549.6 2554.4
525.07 546.38 567.75 589.16 610.64
2188.1 2173.7 2159.1 2144.3 2129.2
2713.1 2720.1 2726.9 2733.5 2739.8
1.5816 1.6346 1.6872 1.7392 1.7908
5.4956 5.3919 5.2901 5.1901 5.0919
7.0771 7.0265 6.9773 6.9294 6.8827
150 155 160 165 170
476.16 543.49 618.23 700.93 792.18
0.001091 0.001096 0.001102 0.001108 0.001114
0.39248 0.34648 0.30680 0.27244 0.24260
631.66 653.19 674.79 696.46 718.20
1927.4 1910.3 1893.0 1875.4 1857.5
2559.1 2563.5 2567.8 2571.9 2575.7
632.18 653.79 675.47 697.24 719.08
2113.8 2098.0 2082.0 2065.6 2048.8
2745.9 2751.8 2757.5 2762.8 2767.9
1.8418 1.8924 1.9426 1.9923 2.0417
4.9953 4.9002 4.8066 4.7143 4.6233
6.8371 6.7927 6.7492 6.7067 6.6650
175 180 185 190 195 200
892.60 1002.8 1123.5 1255.2 1398.8 1554.9
0.001121 0.001127 0.001134 0.001141 0.001149 0.001157
0.21659 0.19384 0.17390 0.15636 0.14089 0.12721
740.02 761.92 783.91 806.00 828.18 850.46
1839.4 1820.9 1802.1 1783.0 1763.6 1743.7
2579.4 2582.8 2586.0 2589.0 2591.7 2594.2
741.02 763.05 785.19 807.43 829.78 852.26
2031.7 2014.2 1996.2 1977.9 1959.0 1939.8
2772.7 2777.2 2781.4 2785.3 2788.8 2792.0
2.0906 2.1392 2.1875 2.2355 2.2831 2.3305
4.5335 4.4448 4.3572 4.2705 4.1847 4.0997
6.6242 6.5841 6.5447 6.5059 6.4678 6.4302
Apéndice 1
|
891
TABLA A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas (conclusión )
Temp., T °C
Pres. sat., P sat kPa
205 210 215 220 225
Volumen específico,
Energía interna,
Entalpía,
Entropía,
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg · K
Líq. sat,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Vapor Evap., sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Vapor Evap., sat.,
v f
v g
u f
u fg
u g
h f
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
1724.3 1907.7 2105.9 2319.6 2549.7
0.001164 0.001173 0.001181 0.001190 0.001199
0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405
872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70
1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6
2596.4 2598.3 2599.9 2601.3 2602.3
874.87 897.61 920.50 943.55 966.76
1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4
2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2
2.3776 2.4245 2.4712 2.5176 2.5639
4.0154 3.9318 3.8489 3.7664 3.6844
6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483
230 235 240 245 250
2797.1 3062.6 3347.0 3651.2 3976.2
0.001209 0.001219 0.001229 0.001240 0.001252
0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085
986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7
1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1
2602.9 2603.2 2603.1 2602.7 2601.8
990.14 1013.7 1037.5 1061.5 1085.7
1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3
2802.9 2803.2 2803.0 2802.2 2801.0
2.6100 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933
3.6028 3.5216 3.4405 3.3596 3.2788
6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721
255 260 265 270 275
4322.9 4692.3 5085.3 5503.0 5946.4
0.001263 0.001276 0.001289 0.001303 0.001317
0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767
1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9
1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4
2600.5 2598.7 2596.5 2593.7 2590.3
1110.1 1134.8 1159.8 1185.1 1210.7
1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5
2799.1 2796.6 2793.5 2789.7 2785.2
2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221
3.1979 3.1169 3.0358 2.9542 2.8723
6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944
280 285 290 295 300
6416.6 6914.6 7441.8 7999.0 8587.9
0.001333 0.001349 0.001366 0.001384 0.001404
0.030153 0.027756 0.025554 0.023528 0.021659
1228.2 1253.7 1279.7 1306.0 1332.7
1358.2 1328.1 1296.9 1264.5 1230.9
2586.4 2581.8 2576.5 2570.5 2563.6
1236.7 1263.1 1289.8 1317.1 1344.8
1543.2 1510.7 1476.9 1441.6 1404.8
2779.9 2773.7 2766.7 2758.7 2749.6
3.0681 3.1144 3.1608 3.2076 3.2548
2.7898 2.7066 2.6225 2.5374 2.4511
5.8579 5.8210 5.7834 5.7450 5.7059
305 310 315 320 325
9209.4 9865.0 10,556 11,284 12,051
0.001425 0.001447 0.001472 0.001499 0.001528
0.019932 0.018333 0.016849 0.015470 0.014183
1360.0 1387.7 1416.1 1445.1 1475.0
1195.9 1159.3 1121.1 1080.9 1038.5
2555.8 2547.1 2537.2 2526.0 2513.4
1373.1 1402.0 1431.6 1462.0 1493.4
1366.3 1325.9 1283.4 1238.5 1191.0
2739.4 2727.9 2715.0 2700.6 2684.3
3.3024 3.3506 3.3994 3.4491 3.4998
2.3633 2.2737 2.1821 2.0881 1.9911
5.6657 5.6243 5.5816 5.5372 5.4908
330 335 340 345 350
12,858 13,707 14,601 15,541 16,529
0.001560 0.001597 0.001638 0.001685 0.001741
0.012979 0.011848 0.010783 0.009772 0.008806
1505.7 1537.5 1570.7 1605.5 1642.4
993.5 945.5 893.8 837.7 775.9
2499.2 2483.0 2464.5 2443.2 2418.3
1525.8 1559.4 1594.6 1631.7 1671.2
1140.3 1086.0 1027.4 963.4 892.7
2666.0 2645.4 2622.0 2595.1 2563.9
3.5516 3.6050 3.6602 3.7179 3.7788
1.8906 1.7857 1.6756 1.5585 1.4326
5.4422 5.3907 5.3358 5.2765 5.2114
355 360 365 370 373.95
17,570 18,666 19,822 21,044 22,064
0.001808 0.001895 0.002015 0.002217 0.003106
0.007872 0.006950 0.006009 0.004953 0.003106
1682.2 1726.2 1777.2 1844.5 2015.7
706.4 625.7 526.4 385.6 0
2388.6 2351.9 2303.6 2230.1 2015.7
1714.0 1761.5 1817.2 1891.2 2084.3
812.9 720.1 605.5 443.1 0
2526.9 2481.6 2422.7 2334.3 2084.3
3.8442 3.9165 4.0004 4.1119 4.4070
1.2942 1.1373 0.9489 0.6890 0
5.1384 5.0537 4.9493 4.8009 4.4070
Fuente : Las tablas A-4 a A-8 fueron generadas utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado.
La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la altamente precisa Steam_IAPWS, que incorpora la Formulación 1995 para l as Propiedades Termodinámicas de la Sustancia Agua Ordinaria para Uso Científico y General, editada por The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). Esta formulación reemplaza a la formulación de 1984 de Haar, Gallagher y Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), la cual está también disponible en EES como la rutina STEAM. La nueva formulación se basa en las correlaciones de Saul y Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) con modificaciones para ajustarla a la Escala Internacional de Temperaturas de 1990. Las modificaciones están descritas por Wagner y Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). Las propiedades del hielo están basadas en Hyland y Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K a 473.15 K”, ASHRAE Trans ., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
892
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones
Pres., P kPa
Temp. sat., T sat °C
Volumen específico,
Energía interna,
Entalpía,
Entropía,
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg · K
Líq. sat.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
v f
v g
u f
u fg
u g
h f
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
6.97 0.001000 129.19 13.02 0.001001 87.964 17.50 0.001001 66.990 21.08 0.001002 54.242 24.08 0.001003 45.654
29.302 54.686 73.431 88.422 100.98
2355.2 2338.1 2325.5 2315.4 2306.9
2384.5 2392.8 2398.9 2403.8 2407.9
29.303 54.688 73.433 88.424 100.98
2484.4 2470.1 2459.5 2451.0 2443.9
2513.7 2524.7 2532.9 2539.4 2544.8
0.1059 0.1956 0.2606 0.3118 0.3543
8.8690 8.6314 8.4621 8.3302 8.2222
8.9749 8.8270 8.7227 8.6421 8.5765
4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15
28.96 0.001004 34.791 32.87 0.001005 28.185 40.29 0.001008 19.233 45.81 0.001010 14.670 53.97 0.001014 10.020
121.39 137.75 168.74 191.79 225.93
2293.1 2282.1 2261.1 2245.4 2222.1
2414.5 2419.8 2429.8 2437.2 2448.0
121.39 137.75 168.75 191.81 225.94
2432.3 2423.0 2405.3 2392.1 2372.3
2553.7 2560.7 2574.0 2583.9 2598.3
0.4224 0.4762 0.5763 0.6492 0.7549
8.0510 7.9176 7.6738 7.4996 7.2522
8.4734 8.3938 8.2501 8.1488 8.0071
20 25 30 40 50
60.06 64.96 69.09 75.86 81.32
0.001017 0.001020 0.001022 0.001026 0.001030
7.6481 6.2034 5.2287 3.9933 3.2403
251.40 271.93 289.24 317.58 340.49
2204.6 2190.4 2178.5 2158.8 2142.7
2456.0 2462.4 2467.7 2476.3 2483.2
251.42 271.96 289.27 317.62 340.54
2357.5 2345.5 2335.3 2318.4 2304.7
2608.9 2617.5 2624.6 2636.1 2645.2
0.8320 0.8932 0.9441 1.0261 1.0912
7.0752 6.9370 6.8234 6.6430 6.5019
7.9073 7.8302 7.7675 7.6691 7.5931
75 100 101.325 125 150
91.76 0.001037 99.61 0.001043 99.97 0.001043 105.97 0.001048 111.35 0.001053
2.2172 1.6941 1.6734 1.3750 1.1594
384.36 417.40 418.95 444.23 466.97
2111.8 2088.2 2087.0 2068.8 2052.3
2496.1 2505.6 2506.0 2513.0 2519.2
384.44 417.51 419.06 444.36 467.13
2278.0 2257.5 2256.5 2240.6 2226.0
2662.4 2675.0 2675.6 2684.9 2693.1
1.2132 1.3028 1.3069 1.3741 1.4337
6.2426 6.0562 6.0476 5.9100 5.7894
7.4558 7.3589 7.3545 7.2841 7.2231
175 200 225 250 275
116.04 120.21 123.97 127.41 130.58
0.001057 0.001061 0.001064 0.001067 0.001070
1.0037 0.88578 0.79329 0.71873 0.65732
486.82 504.50 520.47 535.08 548.57
2037.7 2024.6 2012.7 2001.8 1991.6
2524.5 2529.1 2533.2 2536.8 2540.1
487.01 504.71 520.71 535.35 548.86
2213.1 2201.6 2191.0 2181.2 2172.0
2700.2 2706.3 2711.7 2716.5 2720.9
1.4850 1.5302 1.5706 1.6072 1.6408
5.6865 5.5968 5.5171 5.4453 5.3800
7.1716 7.1270 7.0877 7.0525 7.0207
300 325 350 375 400
133.52 136.27 138.86 141.30 143.61
0.001073 0.001076 0.001079 0.001081 0.001084
0.60582 0.56199 0.52422 0.49133 0.46242
561.11 572.84 583.89 594.32 604.22
1982.1 1973.1 1964.6 1956.6 1948.9
2543.2 2545.9 2548.5 2550.9 2553.1
561.43 573.19 584.26 594.73 604.66
2163.5 2155.4 2147.7 2140.4 2133.4
2724.9 2728.6 2732.0 2735.1 2738.1
1.6717 1.7005 1.7274 1.7526 1.7765
5.3200 5.2645 5.2128 5.1645 5.1191
6.9917 6.9650 6.9402 6.9171 6.8955
450 500 550 600 650
147.90 151.83 155.46 158.83 161.98
0.001088 0.001093 0.001097 0.001101 0.001104
0.41392 0.37483 0.34261 0.31560 0.29260
622.65 639.54 655.16 669.72 683.37
1934.5 1921.2 1908.8 1897.1 1886.1
2557.1 2560.7 2563.9 2566.8 2569.4
623.14 640.09 655.77 670.38 684.08
2120.3 2108.0 2096.6 2085.8 2075.5
2743.4 2748.1 2752.4 2756.2 2759.6
1.8205 1.8604 1.8970 1.9308 1.9623
5.0356 4.9603 4.8916 4.8285 4.7699
6.8561 6.8207 6.7886 6.7593 6.7322
700 750
164.95 167.75
0.001108 0.001111
0.27278 696.23 0.25552 708.40
1875.6 1865.6
2571.8 2574.0
697.00 709.24
2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837
Apéndice 1
|
893
TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión )
Pres., P kPa
Temp. sat., T sat °C
Volumen específico,
Energía interna,
Entalpía,
Entropía,
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg · K
Líq. sat.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
v f
v g
u f
u fg
u g
h f
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
800 850 900 950 1000
170.41 172.94 175.35 177.66 179.88
0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124 0.001127
0.24035 0.22690 0.21489 0.20411 0.19436
719.97 731.00 741.55 751.67 761.39
1856.1 1846.9 1838.1 1829.6 1821.4
2576.0 2577.9 2579.6 2581.3 2582.8
720.87 731.95 742.56 752.74 762.51
2047.5 2038.8 2030.5 2022.4 2014.6
2768.3 2770.8 2773.0 2775.2 2777.1
2.0457 2.0705 2.0941 2.1166 2.1381
4.6160 4.5705 4.5273 4.4862 4.4470
6.6616 6.6409 6.6213 6.6027 6.5850
1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
184.06 187.96 191.60 195.04 198.29
0.001133 0.001138 0.001144 0.001149 0.001154
0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171
779.78 796.96 813.10 828.35 842.82
1805.7 1790.9 1776.8 1763.4 1750.6
2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4
781.03 798.33 814.59 829.96 844.55
1999.6 1985.4 1971.9 1958.9 1946.4
2780.7 2783.8 2786.5 2788.9 2791.0
2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143
4.3735 4.3058 4.2428 4.1840 4.1287
6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430
1750 2000 2250 2500 3000
205.72 212.38 218.41 223.95 233.85
0.001166 0.001177 0.001187 0.001197 0.001217
0.11344 876.12 0.099587 906.12 0.088717 933.54 0.079952 958.87 0.066667 1004.6
1720.6 1693.0 1667.3 1643.2 1598.5
2596.7 878.16 2599.1 908.47 2600.9 936.21 2602.1 961.87 2603.2 1008.3
1917.1 1889.8 1864.3 1840.1 1794.9
2795.2 2798.3 2800.5 2801.9 2803.2
2.3844 2.4467 2.5029 2.5542 2.6454
4.0033 3.8923 3.7926 3.7016 3.5402
6.3877 6.3390 6.2954 6.2558 6.1856
3500 4000 5000 6000 7000
242.56 250.35 263.94 275.59 285.83
0.001235 0.001252 0.001286 0.001319 0.001352
0.057061 0.049779 0.039448 0.032449 0.027378
1045.4 1082.4 1148.1 1205.8 1258.0
1557.6 1519.3 1448.9 1384.1 1323.0
2603.0 2601.7 2597.0 2589.9 2581.0
1049.7 1087.4 1154.5 1213.8 1267.5
1753.0 1713.5 1639.7 1570.9 1505.2
2802.7 2800.8 2794.2 2784.6 2772.6
2.7253 2.7966 2.9207 3.0275 3.1220
3.3991 3.2731 3.0530 2.8627 2.6927
6.1244 6.0696 5.9737 5.8902 5.8148
8000 9000 10,000 11,000 12,000
295.01 303.35 311.00 318.08 324.68
0.001384 0.001418 0.001452 0.001488 0.001526
0.023525 0.020489 0.018028 0.015988 0.014264
1306.0 1350.9 1393.3 1433.9 1473.0
1264.5 1207.6 1151.8 1096.6 1041.3
2570.5 2558.5 2545.2 2530.4 2514.3
1317.1 1363.7 1407.8 1450.2 1491.3
1441.6 1379.3 1317.6 1256.1 1194.1
2758.7 2742.9 2725.5 2706.3 2685.4
3.2077 3.2866 3.3603 3.4299 3.4964
2.5373 2.3925 2.2556 2.1245 1.9975
5.7450 5.6791 5.6159 5.5544 5.4939
13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000
330.85 336.67 342.16 347.36 352.29
0.001566 0.001610 0.001657 0.001710 0.001770
0.012781 0.011487 0.010341 0.009312 0.008374
1511.0 1548.4 1585.5 1622.6 1660.2
985.5 928.7 870.3 809.4 745.1
2496.6 2477.1 2455.7 2432.0 2405.4
1531.4 1571.0 1610.3 1649.9 1690.3
1131.3 1067.0 1000.5 931.1 857.4
2662.7 2637.9 2610.8 2581.0 2547.7
3.5606 3.6232 3.6848 3.7461 3.8082
1.8730 1.7497 1.6261 1.5005 1.3709
5.4336 5.3728 5.3108 5.2466 5.1791
18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 22,064
356.99 361.47 365.75 369.83 373.71 373.95
0.001840 0.001926 0.002038 0.002207 0.002703 0.003106
0.007504 0.006677 0.005862 0.004994 0.003644 0 .003106
1699.1 1740.3 1785.8 1841.6 1951.7 2015.7
675.9 598.9 509.0 391.9 140.8 0
2375.0 2339.2 2294.8 2233.5 2092.4 2015.7
1732.2 1776.8 1826.6 1888.0 2011.1 2084.3
777.8 689.2 585.5 450.4 161.5 0
2510.0 2466.0 2412.1 2338.4 2172.6 2084.3
3.8720 3.9396 4.0146 4.1071 4.2942 4.4070
1.2343 1.0860 0.9164 0.7005 0.2496 0
5.1064 5.0256 4.9310 4.8076 4.5439 4.4070
894
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado T
v
u
h
s
°C
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 0.01 MPa (45.81°C)*
Sat.† 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604
2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4
2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4
8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857
P 0.20 MPa (120.21°C)
Sat. 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.88578 0.95986 1.08049 1.19890 1.31623 1.54934 1.78142 2.01302 2.24434 2.47550 2.70656 2.93755 3.16848 3.39938 3.63026
2529.1 2577.1 2654.6 2731.4 2808.8 2967.2 3131.4 3302.2 3479.9 3664.7 3856.3 4054.8 4259.6 4470.5 4687.1
2706.3 7.1270 2769.1 7.2810 2870.7 7.5081 2971.2 7.7100 3072.1 7.8941 3277.0 8.2236 3487.7 8.5153 3704.8 8.7793 3928.8 9.0221 4159.8 9.2479 4397.7 9.4598 4642.3 9.6599 4893.3 9.8497 5150.4 10.0304 5413.1 10.2029
P 0.50 MPa (151.83°C)
Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.37483 0.42503 0.47443 0.52261 0.57015 0.61731 0.71095 0.80409 0.89696 0.98966 1.08227 1.17480 1.26728 1.35972 1.45214
2560.7 2643.3 2723.8 2803.3 2883.0 2963.7 3129.0 3300.4 3478.6 3663.6 3855.4 4054.0 4259.0 4470.0 4686.6
2748.1 2855.8 2961.0 3064.6 3168.1 3272.4 3484.5 3702.5 3927.0 4158.4 4396.6 4641.4 4892.6 5149.8 5412.6
6.8207 7.0610 7.2725 7.4614 7.6346 7.7956 8.0893 8.3544 8.5978 8.8240 9.0362 9.2364 9.4263 9.6071 9.7797
v
u
h
s
v
u
h
s
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
P 0.05 MPa (81.32°C)
3.2403
2483.2
2645.2
7.5931
3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209
2511.5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3
2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3
7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429
P 0.30 MPa (133.52°C)
0.60582 0.63402 0.71643 0.79645 0.87535 1.03155 1.18672 1.34139 1.49580 1.65004 1.80417 1.95824 2.11226 2.26624 2.42019
2543.2 2571.0 2651.0 2728.9 2807.0 2966.0 3130.6 3301.6 3479.5 3664.3 3856.0 4054.5 4259.4 4470.3 4686.9
2724.9 6.9917 2761.2 7.0792 2865.9 7.3132 2967.9 7.5180 3069.6 7.7037 3275.5 8.0347 3486.6 8.3271 3704.0 8.5915 3928.2 8.8345 4159.3 9.0605 4397.3 9.2725 4642.0 9.4726 4893.1 9.6624 5150.2 9.8431 5413.0 10.0157
P 0.60 MPa (158.83°C)
0.31560 0.35212 0.39390 0.43442 0.47428 0.51374 0.59200 0.66976 0.74725 0.82457 0.90179 0.97893 1.05603 1.13309 1.21012
2566.8 2756.2 2639.4 2850.6 2721.2 2957.6 2801.4 3062.0 2881.6 3166.1 2962.5 3270.8 3128.2 3483.4 3299.8 3701.7 3478.1 3926.4 3663.2 4157.9 3855.1 4396.2 4053.8 4641.1 4258.8 4892.4 4469.8 5149.6 4686.4 5412.5
*La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada. †
Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada.
P 0.10 MPa (99.61°C)
6.7593 6.9683 7.1833 7.3740 7.5481 7.7097 8.0041 8.2695 8.5132 8.7395 8.9518 9.1521 9.3420 9.5229 9.6955
1.6941 2505.6
2675.0 7.3589
1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605
2675.8 2776.6 2875.5 2974.5 3074.5 3278.6 3488.7 3705.6 3929.4 4160.2 4398.0 4642.6 4893.6 5150.6 5413.3
2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2
7.3611 7.6148 7.8356 8.0346 8.2172 8.5452 8.8362 9.0999 9.3424 9.5682 9.7800 9.9800 10.1698 10.3504 10.5229
P 0.40 MPa (143.61°C)
0.46242 2553.1 0.47088 2564.4 0.53434 2647.2 0.59520 2726.4 0.65489 2805.1 0.77265 2964.9 0.88936 3129.8 1.00558 3301.0 1.12152 3479.0 1.23730 3663.9 1.35298 3855.7 1.46859 4054.3 1.58414 4259.2 1.69966 4470.2 1.81516 4686.7
2738.1 2752.8 2860.9 2964.5 3067.1 3273.9 3485.5 3703.3 3927.6 4158.9 4396.9 4641.7 4892.9 5150.0 5412.8
6.8955 6.9306 7.1723 7.3804 7.5677 7.9003 8.1933 8.4580 8.7012 8.9274 9.1394 9.3396 9.5295 9.7102 9.8828
P 0.80 MPa (170.41°C)
0.24035 2576.0 0.26088 2631.1 0.29321 2715.9 0.32416 2797.5 0.35442 2878.6 0.38429 2960.2 0.44332 3126.6 0.50186 3298.7 0.56011 3477.2 0.61820 3662.5 0.67619 3854.5 0.73411 4053.3 0.79197 4258.3 0.84980 4469.4 0.90761 4686.1
2768.3 2839.8 2950.4 3056.9 3162.2 3267.7 3481.3 3700.1 3925.3 4157.0 4395.5 4640.5 4891.9 5149.3 5412.2
6.6616 6.8177 7.0402 7.2345 7.4107 7.5735 7.8692 8.1354 8.3794 8.6061 8.8185 9.0189 9.2090 9.3898 9.5625
Apéndice 1
|
895
TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación ) T
v
u
h
s
°C
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 1.00 MPa (179.88C)
Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610
2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8
2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9
6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593
P 1.60 MPa (201.37C)
Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866 0.17459 0.19007 0.22029 0.24999 0.27941 0.30865 0.33780 0.36687 0.39589 0.42488 0.45383
2594.8 2645.1 2692.9 2781.6 2866.6 2950.8 3120.1 3293.9 3473.5 3659.5 3852.1 4051.2 4256.6 4467.9 4684.8
2792.8 2857.8 2919.9 3035.4 3146.0 3254.9 3472.6 3693.9 3920.5 4153.4 4392.6 4638.2 4890.0 5147.7 5410.9
6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864 7.0713 7.2394 7.5410 7.8101 8.0558 8.2834 8.4965 8.6974 8.8878 9.0689 9.2418
P 2.50 MPa (223.95C)
Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.07995 0.08026 0.08705 0.09894 0.10979 0.12012 0.13015 0.13999 0.15931 0.17835 0.19722 0.21597 0.23466 0.25330 0.27190 0.29048
2602.1 2604.8 2663.3 2762.2 2852.5 2939.8 3026.2 3112.8 3288.5 3469.3 3656.2 3849.4 4049.0 4254.7 4466.3 4683.4
2801.9 2805.5 2880.9 3009.6 3127.0 3240.1 3351.6 3462.8 3686.8 3915.2 4149.2 4389.3 4635.6 4887.9 5146.0 5409.5
6.2558 6.2629 6.4107 6.6459 6.8424 7.0170 7.1768 7.3254 7.5979 7.8455 8.0744 8.2882 8.4897 8.6804 8.8618 9.0349
v
u
h
s
v
u
h
s
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
P 1.20 MPa (187.96C)
0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509
2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5
2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6
6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750
P 1.80 MPa (207.11C)
0.11037 2597.3 0.11678 2637.0 0.12502 2686.7 0.14025 2777.4 0.15460 2863.6 0.16849 2948.3 0.19551 3118.5 0.22200 3292.7 0.24822 3472.6 0.27426 3658.8 0.30020 3851.5 0.32606 4050.7 0.35188 4256.2 0.37766 4467.6 0.40341 4684.5
2795.9 6.3775 2847.2 6.4825 2911.7 6.6088 3029.9 6.8246 3141.9 7.0120 3251.6 7.1814 3470.4 7.4845 3692.3 7.7543 3919.4 8.0005 4152.4 8.2284 4391.9 8.4417 4637.6 8.6427 4889.6 8.8331 5147.3 9.0143 5410.6 9.1872
P 3.00 MPa (233.85C)
P 1.40 MPa (195.04C)
0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866
2591.8 2788.9 6.4675 2602.7 2803.0 6.4975 2698.9 2927.9 6.7488 2785.7 3040.9 6.9553 2869.7 3150.1 7.1379 2953.1 3258.1 7.3046 3121.8 3474.8 7.6047 3295.1 3695.5 7.8730 3474.4 3921.7 8.1183 3660.3 4154.3 8.3458 3852.7 4393.3 8.5587 4051.7 4638.8 8.7595 4257.0 4890.5 8.9497 4468.3 5148.1 9.1308 4685.1 5411.3 9.3036
P 2.00 MPa (212.38C)
0.09959 2599.1 2798.3 6.3390 0.10381 2628.5 2836.1 6.4160 0.11150 2680.3 2903.3 6.5475 0.12551 2773.2 3024.2 6.7684 0.13860 2860.5 3137.7 6.9583 0.15122 2945.9 3248.4 7.1292 0.17568 3116.9 3468.3 7.4337 0.19962 3291.5 3690.7 7.7043 0.22326 3471.7 3918.2 7.9509 0.24674 3658.0 4151.5 8.1791 0.27012 3850.9 4391.1 8.3925 0.29342 4050.2 4637.1 8.5936 0.31667 4255.7 4889.1 8.7842 0.33989 4467.2 5147.0 8.9654 0.36308 4684.2 5410.3 9.1384 P 3.50 MPa (242.56C)
0.06667
2603.2
2803.2
6.1856
0.05706
2603.0 2802.7 6.1244
0.07063 0.08118 0.09056 0.09938 0.10789 0.11620 0.13245 0.14841 0.16420 0.17988 0.19549 0.21105 0.22658 0.24207
2644.7 2750.8 2844.4 2933.6 3021.2 3108.6 3285.5 3467.0 3654.3 3847.9 4047.7 4253.6 4465.3 4682.6
2856.5 2994.3 3116.1 3231.7 3344.9 3457.2 3682.8 3912.2 4146.9 4387.5 4634.2 4886.7 5145.1 5408.8
6.2893 6.5412 6.7450 6.9235 7.0856 7.2359 7.5103 7.7590 7.9885 8.2028 8.4045 8.5955 8.7771 8.9502
0.05876 0.06845 0.07680 0.08456 0.09198 0.09919 0.11325 0.12702 0.14061 0.15410 0.16751 0.18087 0.19420 0.20750
2624.0 2738.8 2836.0 2927.2 3016.1 3104.5 3282.5 3464.7 3652.5 3846.4 4046.4 4252.5 4464.4 4681.8
2829.7 2978.4 3104.9 3223.2 3338.1 3451.7 3678.9 3909.3 4144.6 4385.7 4632.7 4885.6 5144.1 5408.0
6.1764 6.4484 6.6601 6.8428 7.0074 7.1593 7.4357 7.6855 7.9156 8.1304 8.3324 8.5236 8.7053 8.8786
896
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación ) T
v
u
h
s
°C
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 4.0 MPa (250.35C)
Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157
2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9
2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2
6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164
P 6.0 MPa (275.59C)
Sat. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742 0.05217 0.05667 0.06102 0.06527 0.07355 0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 0.12107
2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7 2989.9 3083.1 3175.2 3267.2 3453.0 3643.2 3838.8 4040.1 4247.1 4459.8 4677.7
2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3 3302.9 3423.1 3541.3 3658.8 3894.3 4133.1 4376.6 4625.4 4879.7 5139.4 5404.1
5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432 6.7219 6.8826 7.0308 7.1693 7.4247 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 8.2709 8.4534 8.6273
P 9.0 MPa (303.35C)
Sat. 325 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.020489 2558.5 0.023284 2647.6 0.025816 2725.0 0.029960 2849.2 0.033524 2956.3 0.036793 3056.3 0.039885 3153.0 0.042861 3248.4 0.045755 3343.4 0.048589 3438.8 0.054132 3632.0 0.059562 3829.6 0.064919 4032.4 0.070224 4240.7 0.075492 4454.2 0.080733 4672.9
2742.9 2857.1 2957.3 3118.8 3258.0 3387.4 3512.0 3634.1 3755.2 3876.1 4119.2 4365.7 4616.7 4872.7 5133.6 5399.5
5.6791 5.8738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2229 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 8.0791 8.2625 8.4371
v
u
h
s
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 4.5 MPa (257.44C)
0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140
2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1
2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5
6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616
P 7.0 MPa (285.83C)
0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958 0.044187 0.048157 0.051966 0.055665 0.062850 0.069856 0.076750 0.083571 0.090341 0.097075 0.103781
2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5 2979.0 3074.3 3167.9 3261.0 3448.3 3639.5 3835.7 4037.5 4245.0 4457.9 4676.1
2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2 3288.3 3411.4 3531.6 3650.6 3888.3 4128.5 4373.0 4622.5 4877.4 5137.4 5402.6
5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 6.8000 6.9507 7.0910 7.3487 7.5836 7.8014 8.0055 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551
P 10.0 MPa (311.00C)
0.018028 0.019877 0.022440 0.026436 0.029782 0.032811 0.035655 0.038378 0.041018 0.043597 0.048629 0.053547 0.058391 0.063183 0.067938 0.072667
2545.2 2611.6 2699.6 2833.1 2944.5 3047.0 3145.4 3242.0 3338.0 3434.0 3628.2 3826.5 4029.9 4238.5 4452.4 4671.3
2725.5 2810.3 2924.0 3097.5 3242.4 3375.1 3502.0 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 4114.5 4362.0 4613.8 4870.3 5131.7 5398.0
5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 6.2141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.6290 7.8349 8.0289 8.2126 8.3874
v
u
h
s
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
P 5.0 MPa (263.94C)
0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527
2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3
2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7
5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124
P 8.0 MPa (295.01C)
0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344 0.038194 0.041767 0.045172 0.048463 0.054829 0.061011 0.067082 0.073079 0.079025 0.084934 0.090817
2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6 2967.8 3065.4 3160.5 3254.7 3443.6 3635.7 3832.7 4035.0 4242.8 4456.1 4674.5
2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4 3273.3 3399.5 3521.8 3642.4 3882.2 4123.8 4369.3 4619.6 4875.0 5135.5 5401.0
5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658 6.5579 6.7266 6.8800 7.0221 7.2822 7.5185 7.7372 7.9419 8.1350 8.3181 8.4925
P 12.5 MPa (327.81C)
0.013496 2505.6 2674.3 5.4638 0.016138 0.020030 0.023019 0.025630 0.028033 0.030306 0.032491 0.034612 0.038724 0.042720 0.046641 0.050510 0.054342 0.058147
2624.9 2789.6 2913.7 3023.2 3126.1 3225.8 3324.1 3422.0 3618.8 3818.9 4023.5 4233.1 4447.7 4667.3
2826.6 3040.0 3201.5 3343.6 3476.5 3604.6 3730.2 3854.6 4102.8 4352.9 4606.5 4864.5 5127.0 5394.1
5.7130 6.0433 6.2749 6.4651 6.6317 6.7828 6.9227 7.0540 7.2967 7.5195 7.7269 7.9220 8.1065 8.2819
Apéndice 1
|
897
TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión ) T
v
°C
m3 /kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
v
kJ/kg K
m3 /kg
P 15.0 MPa (342.16C)
Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469
2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3
2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3
5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952
u
0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176 0.011143 0.012736 0.014140 0.015430 0.016643 0.018922 0.021075 0.023150 0.025172 0.027157 0.029115
1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2 2887.3 3020.8 3140.0 3251.9 3359.9 3570.7 3780.2 3991.5 4206.1 4424.6 4647.2
1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6 3165.9 3339.2 3493.5 3637.7 3776.0 4043.8 4307.1 4570.2 4835.4 5103.5 5375.1
0.001641 0.001911 0.002538 0.003692 0.005623 0.006985 0.008089 0.009053 0.009930 0.011521 0.012980 0.014360 0.015686 0.016976 0.018239
1677.0 1855.0 2097.5 2364.2 2681.6 2875.1 3026.8 3159.5 3282.0 3511.8 3733.3 3952.9 4173.7 4396.9 4623.3
1742.6 1931.4 2199.0 2511.8 2906.5 3154.4 3350.4 3521.6 3679.2 3972.6 4252.5 4527.3 4801.1 5075.9 5352.8
v
u
h
s
kJ/kg K
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
P 20.0 MPa (365.75C)
0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435
0.005862 2294.8 2412.1 4.9310
0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556
0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371
2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2
2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5
5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215
P 30.0 MPa
4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759 5.9643 6.1816 6.3637 6.5243 6.6702 6.9322 7.1668 7.3821 7.5825 7.7710 7.9494
0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737 0.008691 0.010175 0.011445 0.012590 0.013654 0.015628 0.017473 0.019240 0.020954 0.022630 0.024279
P 40.0 MPa
375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
kJ/kg
s
P 17.5 MPa (354.67C)
P 25.0 MPa
375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
kJ/kg
h
1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9 2824.0 2974.5 3103.4 3221.7 3334.3 3551.2 3764.6 3978.6 4195.2 4415.3 4639.2
1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0 3084.8 3279.7 3446.8 3599.4 3743.9 4020.0 4288.8 4555.8 4823.9 5094.2 5367.6
0.001560 0.001731 0.002009 0.002487 0.003890 0.005118 0.006108 0.006957 0.007717 0.009073 0.010296 0.011441 0.012534 0.013590 0.014620
1638.6 1787.8 1960.3 2160.3 2528.1 2769.5 2947.1 3095.6 3228.7 3472.2 3702.0 3927.4 4152.2 4378.6 4607.5
1716.6 1874.4 2060.7 2284.7 2722.6 3025.4 3252.6 3443.5 3614.6 3925.8 4216.8 4499.4 4778.9 5058.1 5338.5
2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7
5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574
P 35.0 MPa
3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422 5.7956 6.0403 6.2373 6.4074 6.5599 6.8301 7.0695 7.2880 7.4906 7.6807 7.8602
0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957 0.006933 0.008348 0.009523 0.010565 0.011523 0.013278 0.014904 0.016450 0.017942 0.019398 0.020827
P 50.0 MPa
3.8290 4.1145 4.5044 4.9449 5.4744 5.7857 6.0170 6.2078 6.3740 6.6613 6.9107 7.1355 7.3425 7.5357 7.7175
2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2 1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5 2755.3 2925.8 3065.6 3190.9 3308.3 3531.6 3749.0 3965.8 4184.4 4406.1 4631.2
1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0 2997.9 3218.0 3399.0 3560.7 3711.6 3996.3 4270.6 4541.5 4812.4 5085.0 5360.2
3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946 5.6331 5.9093 6.1229 6.3030 6.4623 6.7409 6.9853 7.2069 7.4118 7.6034 7.7841
P 60.0 MPa
3.7642 4.0029 4.2746 4.5896 5.1762 5.5563 5.8245 6.0373 6.2179 6.5225 6.7819 7.0131 7.2244 7.4207 7.6048
0.001503 0.001633 0.001816 0.002086 0.002952 0.003955 0.004833 0.005591 0.006265 0.007456 0.008519 0.009504 0.010439 0.011339 0.012213
1609.7 1745.2 1892.9 2055.1 2393.2 2664.6 2866.8 3031.3 3175.4 3432.6 3670.9 3902.0 4130.9 4360.5 4591.8
1699.9 1843.2 2001.8 2180.2 2570.3 2901.9 3156.8 3366.8 3551.3 3880.0 4182.1 4472.2 4757.3 5040.8 5324.5
3.7149 3.9317 4.1630 4.4140 4.9356 5.3517 5.6527 5.8867 6.0814 6.4033 6.6725 6.9099 7.1255 7.3248 7.5111
898
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-7 Agua líquida comprimida T
v
u
h
s
°C
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 5 MPa (263.94C)
Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
0.0012862 0.0009977 0.0009996 0.0010057 0.0010149 0.0010267 0.0010410 0.0010576 0.0010769 0.0010988 0.0011240 0.0011531 0.0011868 0.0012268 0.0012755
1148.1 1154.5 0.04 5.03 83.61 88.61 166.92 171.95 250.29 255.36 333.82 338.96 417.65 422.85 501.91 507.19 586.80 592.18 672.55 678.04 759.47 765.09 847.92 853.68 938.39 944.32 1031.6 1037.7 1128.5 1134.9
v
0.0020378 0.0009904 0.0009929 0.0009992 0.0010084 0.0010199 0.0010337 0.0010496 0.0010679 0.0010886 0.0011122 0.0011390 0.0011697 0.0012053 0.0012472 0.0012978 0.0013611 0.0014450 0.0015693 0.0018248
1785.8 0.23 82.71 165.17 247.75 330.50 413.50 496.85 580.71 665.28 750.78 837.49 925.77 1016.1 1109.0 1205.6 1307.2 1416.6 1540.2 1703.6
1826.6 20.03 102.57 185.16 267.92 350.90 434.17 517.84 602.07 687.05 773.02 860.27 949.16 1040.2 1134.0 1231.5 1334.4 1445.5 1571.6 1740.1
h
s
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 10 MPa (311.00C)
2.9207 0.0001 0.2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841
0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980
P 20 MPa (365.75C)
Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
u
1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4
1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3
v
0.0009857 0.0009886 0.0009951 0.0010042 0.0010155 0.0010290 0.0010445 0.0010623 0.0010823 0.0011049 0.0011304 0.0011595 0.0011927 0.0012314 0.0012770 0.0013322 0.0014014 0.0014932 0.0016276 0.0018729
0.29 82.11 164.05 246.14 328.40 410.87 493.66 576.90 660.74 745.40 831.11 918.15 1006.9 1097.8 1191.5 1288.9 1391.7 1502.4 1626.8 1782.0
29.86 111.77 193.90 276.26 358.86 441.74 525.00 608.76 693.21 778.55 865.02 952.93 1042.7 1134.7 1229.8 1328.9 1433.7 1547.1 1675.6 1838.2
h
s
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
P 15 MPa (342.16C)
3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488
0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311
P 30 MPa
4.0146 0.0005 0.2921 0.5646 0.8208 1.0627 1.2920 1.5105 1.7194 1.9203 2.1143 2.3027 2.4867 2.6676 2.8469 3.0265 3.2091 3.3996 3.6086 3.8787
u
1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9
1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4
3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555
P 50 MPa
0.0003 0.2897 0.5607 0.8156 1.0564 1.2847 1.5020 1.7098 1.9094 2.1020 2.2888 2.4707 2.6491 2.8250 3.0001 3.1761 3.3558 3.5438 3.7499 4.0026
0.0009767 0.0009805 0.0009872 0.0009962 0.0010072 0.0010201 0.0010349 0.0010517 0.0010704 0.0010914 0.0011149 0.0011412 0.0011708 0.0012044 0.0012430 0.0012879 0.0013409 0.0014049 0.0014848 0.0015884
0.29 80.93 161.90 243.08 324.42 405.94 487.69 569.77 652.33 735.49 819.45 904.39 990.55 1078.2 1167.7 1259.6 1354.3 1452.9 1556.5 1667.1
49.13 129.95 211.25 292.88 374.78 456.94 539.43 622.36 705.85 790.06 875.19 961.45 1049.1 1138.4 1229.9 1324.0 1421.4 1523.1 1630.7 1746.5
0.0010
0.2845 0.5528 0.8055 1.0442 1.2705 1.4859 1.6916 1.8889 2.0790 2.2628 2.4414 2.6156 2.7864 2.9547 3.1218 3.2888 3.4575 3.6301 3.8102
Apéndice 1
|
899
TABLA A-8 Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Volumen específico,
Energía interna,
Entalpía,
Entropía,
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg · K
Pres. Hielo Temp., sat., sat, T °C P sat kPa v i
Vapor sat.,
Hielo sat.,
Subl.,
Vapor sat.,
Hielo sat.,
Subl.,
Vapor sat.,
Hielo sat.,
Subl.,
Vapor sat.,
v g
u i
u ig
u g
h i
h ig
h g
s i
s ig
s g
0.01 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4 5460.1 6750.5 8376.7
333.40
2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1 2729.0 2729.9 2730.7
2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4 2324.6 2321.8 2319.0
333.40
2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5 2838.4 2838.4 2838.3
2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7 2434.0 2430.3 2426.6
1.2202
10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869 11.969 12.071 12.174
9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.557 10.644
0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490 0.02004 0.01608 0.01285
0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085 0.001085 0.001085 0.001084
333.43 337.63 341.80 345.94 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70
333.43 337.63 341.80 345.93 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70
1.2204 1.2358 1.2513 1.2667 1.2821 1.2976 1.3130 1.3284 1.3439 1.3593 1.3748 1.3903 1.4057 1.4212 1.4367 1.4521 1.4676 1.4831 1.4986 1.5141 1.5296
900
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
0 2 1 0 1
0 1 1
0 0 1
g k / J k 0 0 0 5 = 9 h
0 0 9
0 0 8
0 0 7
0 0 6
0 0 5
0 0 4
0 0 3
0 0 2
m 3 / g
0 0 9 4
0 0 8 4
0 0 7 4
0 0 6 4
0 0 5 4
0 0 4 4
0 0 3 4
0 0 2 4
0 0 1 4
0 0 0 4
0 0 9 3
0 0 8 3
0 0 7 3
0 0 6 3
0 0 5 3
k 3 0 . 0
0 0 4 3
0 0 3 3
0 0 2 3
0 0 1 3
0 0 0 3
0 0 9 2
k 1 . 0
5 0 . 2 2 2 1 . 0 0 = 2 . 0 h
m 3 / g
k 3 . 0
3 . 0 4 . 0 . 0 . 6 0 1 8 . 0 5 . 1 2
m / 3 g k
1
m / 3 g k
3
0 1
0 3
0
0 5 4
6
0 0 1
k
0
m / 3 g k
0
2 4 =
0 0 3
0
0
= h
0 0 0 5
m / 3 g k
/ J
h
0
4
0
0
8
3
0
0
6
5
0
3
0 0 5 5
0
4
k = d a d i s n e D
0 6 0 0 8 0 1 d o 0 r a 5 0 1 t u 0 0 a 2 s 0 5 0 o r 3 2 5 0 0 0 0 a p 0 0 4 3 V 5 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 8
=
0
0 0 2 4
h
7 % 0 8
6
% 0 7
0
K · g k / J 5 k , a í p o r t n E
0 2 2
1 1
0 0 2 0
0
0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 5 0 1 1 0 r 0 a 0 b 2 0 0 0 0 3 = P
4
d í t a n d i l g r a k C a / G J k = 0 0 h 2 6
5 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 5 0
3
m 3 / g
0 0
%
% 0 0
9 9 = a =
6 0 1 8 5 1 0 2 0 3 0 4
m / 3 g k
g k
8
3 4
m / 3 g k
7
0 . 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 . 4 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 6 0 0 5 1 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 . 8 2 3 0 0 g . 0 k 4 / 0 J . 0 k 0 1 0 0 . 6 . 0 0 5 0 5 5 8 0 6 6 5
9
m 3 / g
8
0 0 1 2 0
k 1 0 . 0 = d a d i s n e D
3 m / g
0 0 0 5
0 0 1
0 0
0
8 1
8
2
% 6 0
0
0 6
2
0
0 4
2
50%
g
k / J
0 6 0
1
k 0
0
2
2 =
h =
0 0 0
h 2
0 0
1 4
0
0
4 % 0 4
8
1 0
0
6
3
1
o d a 0 0 r 1 2 % u t 0 3 a s 0 o 0 d i 4 u 1 0 q í 1 0 0 % 0 L 0 0
2
1
0
%
0
0
1
2
3
2
0 1 8 0 0 = d a d i l a C 6 0 0
2
. a u g a l e a r a p
k g
J / k
0 h = 4 0
1
1 2 0 0
9 A
0 0 0 2 1
0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 9
0 0 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 7 C 6 5 ° , a r u t a r e p m e T
0 0 4
0 0 3
0 0 2
0 0 1
0 0
s T
, s k o o B s i c n a r F & r o l y a T / e g d e l t u o R e d o s i m r e p n o c o d i c u d o r p e R . l l e K . S e g r o e G y r e h g a l l a G . S n h o J , r a a H r e t s e L r o p 1 / s e l b a T m a e t S C R N / S B N e D . 4 8 9 1
a © t A m a h g R r i r U g y a . p c G i o n I F D C I
Apéndice 1
5000
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 5000
C 0 0 1 1 = T
1 1 0 0 ° C
|
°
1 0 0 0 ° C
9 0 0 ° C 3
/m g k
4000
4000
0 0 0
r a b 0 0 0 0 3 = P
0 0 0 5 2
1 = d a id s n e
3
D 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 5 1
/ m g k 0
7 0 0 ° C
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 8
6 0 0 ° C
g k / J k , a 3000 í p l a t n E
8 0 0 ° C
0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 3 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 8 6 0 1 0 5 4 0 3
0 0 8 0 6 4
3
/ m g k
0 1
3
m / g
/ m
g k
8 6
0 =
d a
5 4
d i s
3 2 5 1 . 0 1 .
9 8% 9 6% 9 4% l i d 9 a d = 9 2% 0 %
= P
0
8 8 % 8 6 % 8 4 % 8 2 % 8 0 % 7 8 % 7 6 % 7 4 % 7 2 7 %
= 3 0 0 ° C
r
b a 1 5 1 8 6 0 0 0 . 0 . . 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0. 0 . 0 0 0. .
C a
T
3000
e n D
3 0. 2. 1 5 0 0. 1. 5 0 0. 3 0 0 0. 8
8. 6 0 0 . 4. 0
2000
1 . 0
1 . 0
0 5 2 1 1 0
5 0 0 ° C
4 0 0 ° C
3 /m g k
3
k 1
2000
0 % 6 8 % 6 6 % 6 4 % 6 2 % 6
5 0 8 % 5 % 6 5 % 4 5 % 2 % 5 0 4 % 8 4 % 6 4 %
4 4 % 2 4 % 0 %
1000
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1000 10
Entropía, kJ/kg · K
FIGURA A-10
Diagrama de Mollier para el agua. Copyright © 1984. De NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 por Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher y George S. Kell. Reproducido con permiso de Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.
901
902
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Volumen específico,
Energía interna,
Entalpía,
Entropía,
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg · K
Pres. Líq. Temp., sat., sat., T °C P sat kPa v f 40
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
v g
u f
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
u fg
u g
h f
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71
0.0007054 0.0007083 0.0007112 0.0007142 0.0007172
0.36081 0.32732 0.29751 0.27090 0.24711
0.036
2.475 4.992 7.517 10.05
207.40 206.04 204.67 203.29 201.91
207.37 0.000 208.51 2.515 209.66 5.037 210.81 7.566 211.96 10.10
225.86 224.61 223.35 222.09 220.81
225.86 227.12 228.39 229.65 230.91
0.00000 0.01072 0.02138 0.03199 0.04253
0.96866 0.95511 0.94176 0.92859 0.91560
0.96866 0.96584 0.96315 0.96058 0.95813
84.43 92.76 26 101.73 24 111.37 22 121.72
0.0007203 0.0007234 0.0007265 0.0007297 0.0007329
0.22580 0.20666 0.18946 0.17395 0.15995
12.59 15.13 17.69 20.25 22.82
200.52 199.12 197.72 196.30 194.88
213.11 214.25 215.40 216.55 217.70
12.65 15.20 17.76 20.33 22.91
219.52 218.22 216.92 215.59 214.26
232.17 233.43 234.68 235.92 s237.17
0.05301 0.06344 0.07382 0.08414 0.09441
0.90278 0.89012 0.87762 0.86527 0.85307
0.95579 0.95356 0.95144 0.94941 0.94748
20
132.82 144.69 16 157.38 14 170.93 12 185.37
0.0007362 0.0007396 0.0007430 0.0007464 0.0007499
0.14729 0.13583 0.12542 0.11597 0.10736
25.39 27.98 30.57 33.17 35.78
193.45 192.01 190.56 189.09 187.62
218.84 219.98 221.13 222.27 223.40
25.49 28.09 30.69 33.30 35.92
212.91 211.55 210.18 208.79 207.38
238.41 239.64 240.87 242.09 243.30
0.10463 0.11481 0.12493 0.13501 0.14504
0.84101 0.82908 0.81729 0.80561 0.79406
0.94564 0.94389 0.94222 0.94063 0.93911
10
0.0007535 0.0007571 0.0007608 0.0007646 0.0007684
0.099516 0.092352 0.085802 0.079804 0.074304
38.40 41.03 43.66 46.31 48.96
186.14 184.64 183.13 181.61 180.08
224.54 225.67 226.80 227.92 229.04
38.55 41.19 43.84 46.50 49.17
205.96 204.52 203.07 201.60 200.11
244.51 245.72 246.91 248.10 249.28
0.15504 0.16498 0.17489 0.18476 0.19459
0.78263 0.77130 0.76008 0.74896 0.73794
0.93766 0.93629 0.93497 0.93372 0.93253
38 36 34 32 30 28
18
200.74 217.08 6 234.44 4 252.85 2 272.36 8
0 2 4 6 8
293.01 314.84 337.90 362.23 387.88
0.0007723 0.0007763 0.0007804 0.0007845 0.0007887
0.069255 0.064612 0.060338 0.056398 0.052762
51.63 54.30 56.99 59.68 62.39
178.53 176.97 175.39 173.80 172.19
230.16 231.27 232.38 233.48 234.58
51.86 54.55 57.25 59.97 62.69
198.60 197.07 195.51 193.94 192.35
250.45 251.61 252.77 253.91 255.04
0.20439 0.21415 0.22387 0.23356 0.24323
0.72701 0.71616 0.70540 0.69471 0.68410
0.93139 0.93031 0.92927 0.92828 0.92733
10 12 14 16 18
414.89 443.31 473.19 504.58 537.52
0.0007930 0.0007975 0.0008020 0.0008066 0.0008113
0.049403 0.046295 0.043417 0.040748 0.038271
65.10 67.83 70.57 73.32 76.08
170.56 168.92 167.26 165.58 163.88
235.67 236.75 237.83 238.90 239.96
65.43 68.18 70.95 73.73 76.52
190.73 189.09 187.42 185.73 184.01
256.16 257.27 258.37 259.46 260.53
0.25286 0.26246 0.27204 0.28159 0.29112
0.67356 0.66308 0.65266 0.64230 0.63198
0.92641 0.92554 0.92470 0.92389 0.92310
Apéndice 1
|
903
TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura (conclusión ) Volumen específico,
Energía interna,
Entalpía,
Entropía,
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg · K
Pres. Líq. Temp., sat., sat., T °C P sat kPa v f
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
v g
u f
20 22 24 26 28
572.07 608.27 646.18 685.84 727.31
0.0008161 0.0008210 0.0008261 0.0008313 0.0008366
0.035969 0.033828 0.031834 0.029976 0.028242
30 32 34 36 38
770.64 815.89 863.11 912.35 963.68
0.0008421 0.0008478 0.0008536 0.0008595 0.0008657
78.86 81.64 84.44 87.26 90.09
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
u fg
u g
h f
162.16 160.42 158.65 156.87 155.05
241.02 242.06 243.10 244.12 245.14
79.32 82.14 84.98 87.83 90.69
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
182.27 180.49 178.69 176.85 174.99
261.59 262.64 263.67 264.68 265.68
0.30063 0.31011 0.31958 0.32903 0.33846
0.62172 0.61149 0.60130 0.59115 0.58102
0.92234 0.92160 0.92088 0.92018 0.91948
0.026622 92.93 153.22 0.025108 95.79 151.35 0.023691 98.66 149.46 0.022364 101.55 147.54 0.021119 104.45 145.58
246.14 93.58 173.08 247.14 96.48 171.14 248.12 99.40 169.17 249.08 102.33 167.16 250.04 105.29 165.10
266.66 267.62 268.57 269.49 270.39
0.34789 0.35730 0.36670 0.37609 0.38548
0.57091 0.56082 0.55074 0.54066 0.53058
0.91879 0.91811 0.91743 0.91675 0.91606
40 42 44 46 48
1017.1 1072.8 1130.7 1191.0 1253.6
0.0008720 0.0008786 0.0008854 0.0008924 0.0008996
0.019952 0.018855 0.017824 0.016853 0.015939
107.38 110.32 113.28 116.26 119.26
143.60 141.58 139.52 137.42 135.29
250.97 251.89 252.80 253.68 254.55
108.26 111.26 114.28 117.32 120.39
163.00 160.86 158.67 156.43 154.14
271.27 272.12 272.95 273.75 274.53
0.39486 0.40425 0.41363 0.42302 0.43242
0.52049 0.51039 0.50027 0.49012 0.47993
0.91536 0.91464 0.91391 0.91315 0.91236
52 56 60 65 70 75
1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8
0.0009150 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009750 0.0010037 0.0010372
0.014265 0.012771 0.011434 0.009950 0.008642 0.007480
125.33 131.49 137.76 145.77 154.01 162.53
130.88 126.28 121.46 115.05 108.14 100.60
256.21 257.77 259.22 260.82 262.15 263.13
126.59 132.91 139.36 147.62 156.13 164.98
149.39 144.38 139.10 132.02 124.32 115.85
275.98 277.30 278.46 279.64 280.46 280.82
0.45126 0.47018 0.48920 0.51320 0.53755 0.56241
0.45941 0.43863 0.41749 0.39039 0.36227 0.33272
0.91067 0.90880 0.90669 0.90359 0.89982 0.89512
80 85 90 95 100
2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1
0.0010772 0.0011270 0.0011932 0.0012933 0.0015269
0.006436 0.005486 0.004599 0.003726 0.002630
171.40 180.77 190.89 202.40 218.72
92.23 82.67 71.29 56.47 29.19
263.63 263.44 262.18 258.87 247.91
174.24 106.35 280.59 0.58800 0.30111 0.88912 184.07 95.44 279.51 0.61473 0.26644 0.88117 194.76 82.35 277.11 0.64336 0.22674 0.87010 207.05 65.21 272.26 0.67578 0.17711 0.85289 224.79 33.58 258.37 0.72217 0.08999 0.81215
Fuente : Las tablas A-11 a A-13 se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La
rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la R134a, la cual está basada en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An Internacional Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a –40°C (y –40°F).
904
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-12 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión
Pres., P kPa
Volumen específico,
Energía interna,
Entalpía,
Entropía,
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg · K
Temp. Líq. sat., sat., T sat °C v f
Vapor sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Vapor Evap., sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Vapor Evap., sat.,
Líq. sat.,
Evap.,
Vapor sat.,
v g
u f
u fg
u g
h f
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
60 70 80 90 100
36.95
0.0007098 0.0007144 31.13 0.0007185 28.65 0.0007223 26.37 0.0007259
0.31121 0.26929 0.23753 0.21263 0.19254
3.798 7.680 11.15 14.31 17.21
205.32 203.20 201.30 199.57 197.98
209.12 210.88 212.46 213.88 215.19
3.841 7.730 11.21 14.37 17.28
223.95 222.00 220.25 218.65 217.16
227.79 229.73 231.46 233.02 234.44
0.01634 0.03267 0.04711 0.06008 0.07188
0.94807 0.92775 0.90999 0.89419 0.87995
0.96441 0.96042 0.95710 0.95427 0.95183
120 140 160 180 200
22.32
0.0007324 0.0007383 0.0007437 0.0007487 0.0007533
0.16212 0.14014 0.12348 0.11041 0.099867
22.40 26.98 31.09 34.83 38.28
195.11 192.57 190.27 188.16 186.21
217.51 219.54 221.35 222.99 224.48
22.49 27.08 31.21 34.97 38.43
214.48 212.08 209.90 207.90 206.03
236.97 239.16 241.11 242.86 244.46
0.09275 0.11087 0.12693 0.14139 0.15457
0.85503 0.83368 0.81496 0.79826 0.78316
0.94779 0.94456 0.94190 0.93965 0.93773
240 280 320 360 400
5.38
0.0007620 0.0007699 2.46 0.0007772 5.82 0.0007841 8.91 0.0007907
0.083897 0.072352 0.063604 0.056738 0.051201
44.48 49.97 54.92 59.44 63.62
182.67 179.50 176.61 173.94 171.45
227.14 229.46 231.52 233.38 235.07
44.66 50.18 55.16 59.72 63.94
202.62 199.54 196.71 194.08 191.62
247.28 249.72 251.88 253.81 255.55
0.17794 0.19829 0.21637 0.23270 0.24761
0.75664 0.73381 0.71369 0.69566 0.67929
0.93458 0.93210 0.93006 0.92836 0.92691
450 500 550 600 650
12.46 15.71 18.73 21.55 24.20
0.0007985 0.0008059 0.0008130 0.0008199 0.0008266
0.045619 0.041118 0.037408 0.034295 0.031646
68.45 72.93 77.10 81.02 84.72
168.54 165.82 163.25 160.81 158.48
237.00 238.75 240.35 241.83 243.20
68.81 73.33 77.54 81.51 85.26
188.71 185.98 183.38 180.90 178.51
257.53 259.30 260.92 262.40 263.77
0.26465 0.28023 0.29461 0.30799 0.32051
0.66069 0.64377 0.62821 0.61378 0.60030
0.92535 0.92400 0.92282 0.92177 0.92081
700 750 800 850
26.69 29.06 31.31 33.45
0.0008331 0.0008395 0.0008458 0.0008520
0.029361 0.027371 0.025621 0.024069
88.24 91.59 94.79 97.87
156.24 154.08 152.00 149.98
244.48 245.67 246.79 247.85
88.82 92.22 95.47 98.60
176.21 173.98 171.82 169.71
265.03 266.20 267.29 268.31
0.33230 0.34345 0.35404 0.36413
0.58763 0.57567 0.56431 0.55349
0.91994 0.91912 0.91835 0.91762
900 950 1000 1200 1400
35.51 37.48 39.37 46.29 52.40
0.0008580 0.0008641 0.0008700 0.0008934 0.0009166
0.022683 0.021438 0.020313 0.016715 0.014107
100.83 103.69 106.45 116.70 125.94
148.01 146.10 144.23 137.11 130.43
248.85 249.79 250.68 253.81 256.37
101.61 104.51 107.32 117.77 127.22
167.66 165.64 163.67 156.10 148.90
269.26 270.15 270.99 273.87 276.12
0.37377 0.38301 0.39189 0.42441 0.45315
0.54315 0.53323 0.52368 0.48863 0.45734
0.91692 0.91624 0.91558 0.91303 0.91050
1600 1800 2000 2500 3000
57.88 62.87 67.45 77.54 86.16
0.0009400 0.0009639 0.0009886 0.0010566 0.0011406
0.012123 0.010559 0.009288 0.006936 0.005275
134.43 124.04 258.47 135.93 141.93 277.86 142.33 117.83 260.17 144.07 135.11 279.17 149.78 111.73 261.51 151.76 128.33 280.09 166.99 96.47 263.45 169.63 111.16 280.79 183.04 80.22 263.26 186.46 92.63 279.09
0.47911 0.50294 0.52509 0.57531 0.62118
0.42873 0.40204 0.37675 0.31695 0.25776
0.90784 0.90498 0.90184 0.89226 0.87894
33.87
18.77 15.60 12.73 10.09
1.25
Apéndice 1
|
905
TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado T
v
u
h
s
v
u
h
s
v
u
h
s
°C
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
P 0.06 MPa ( T sat 36.95°C)
Sat. 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0.31121 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410
209.12 220.60 227.55 234.66 241.92 249.35 256.95 264.71 272.64 280.73 288.99 297.41 306.00 314.74
227.79 240.76 248.58 256.54 264.66 272.94 281.37 289.97 298.74 307.66 316.75 326.00 335.42 344.99
0.9644 1.0174 1.0477 1.0774 1.1066 1.1353 1.1636 1.1915 1.2191 1.2463 1.2732 1.2997 1.3260 1.3520
P 0.18 MPa ( T sat 12.73°C)
Sat. 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0.11041 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748 0.13248 0.13741 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15673 0.16149 0.16622
222.99 225.02 232.48 240.00 247.64 255.41 263.31 271.36 279.56 287.91 296.42 305.07 313.88
242.86 245.16 253.58 262.04 270.59 279.25 288.05 296.98 306.05 315.27 324.63 334.14 343.80
0.9397 0.9484 0.9798 1.0102 1.0399 1.0690 1.0975 1.1256 1.1532 1.1805 1.2074 1.2339 1.2602
P 0.28 MPa ( T sat 1.25°C)
Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
0.07235 0.07282 0.07646 0.07997 0.08338 0.08672 0.09000 0.09324 0.09644 0.09961 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11205 0.11512 0.11818
229.46 230.44 238.27 246.13 254.06 262.10 270.27 278.56 286.99 295.57 304.29 313.15 322.16 331.32 340.63 350.09
249.72 250.83 259.68 268.52 277.41 286.38 295.47 304.67 314.00 323.46 333.06 342.80 352.68 362.70 372.87 383.18
0.9321 0.9362 0.9680 0.9987 1.0285 1.0576 1.0862 1.1142 1.1418 1.1690 1.1958 1.2222 1.2483 1.2742 1.2997 1.3250
P 0.10 MPa ( T sat 26.37°C)
0.19254 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138
215.19 219.66 226.75 233.95 241.30 248.79 256.44 264.25 272.22 280.35 288.64 297.08 305.69 314.46
234.44 0.9518 239.50 0.9721 247.49 1.0030 255.58 1.0332 263.81 1.0628 272.17 1.0918 280.68 1.1203 289.34 1.1484 298.16 1.1762 307.13 1.2035 316.26 1.2305 325.55 1.2572 334.99 1.2836 344.60 1.3096
P 0.20 MPa ( T sat 10.09°C)
0.09987 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418 0.11874 0.12322 0.12766 0.13206 0.13641 0.14074 0.14504 0.14933
224.48 224.55 232.09 239.67 247.35 255.14 263.08 271.15 279.37 287.73 296.25 304.92 313.74
244.46 244.54 253.05 261.58 270.18 278.89 287.72 296.68 305.78 315.01 324.40 333.93 343.60
0.9377 0.9380 0.9698 1.0004 1.0303 1.0595 1.0882 1.1163 1.1441 1.1714 1.1983 1.2249 1.2512
P 0.32 MPa ( T sat 2.46°C)
P 0.14 MPa ( T sat 18.77°C)
0.14014
219.54
239.16 0.9446
0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449
225.91 233.23 240.66 248.22 255.93 263.79 271.79 279.96 288.28 296.75 305.38 314.17
246.36 254.60 262.93 271.38 279.97 288.70 297.57 306.59 315.77 325.09 334.57 344.20
0.9724 1.0031 1.0331 1.0624 1.0912 1.1195 1.1474 1.1749 1.2020 1.2288 1.2553 1.2814
P 0.24 MPa ( T sat 5.38°C)
0.08390
227.14
247.28 0.9346
0.08617 0.09026 0.09423 0.09812 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398
231.29 238.98 246.74 254.61 262.59 270.71 278.97 287.36 295.91 304.60 313.44
251.97 260.65 269.36 278.16 287.06 296.08 305.23 314.51 323.93 333.49 343.20
0.9519 0.9831 1.0134 1.0429 1.0718 1.1001 1.1280 1.1554 1.1825 1.2092 1.2356
P 0.40 MPa ( T sat 8.91°C)
0.06360
231.52
251.88
0.9301
0.051201
235.07
255.55 0.9269
0.06609 0.06925 0.07231 0.07530 0.07823 0.08111 0.08395 0.08675 0.08953 0.09229 0.09503 0.09775 0.10045 0.10314
237.54 245.50 253.50 261.60 269.82 278.15 286.62 295.22 303.97 312.86 321.89 331.07 340.39 349.86
258.69 267.66 276.65 285.70 294.85 304.11 313.48 322.98 332.62 342.39 352.30 362.35 372.54 382.87
0.9544 0.9856 1.0157 1.0451 1.0739 1.1021 1.1298 1.1571 1.1840 1.2105 1.2367 1.2626 1.2882 1.3135
0.051506 0.054213 0.056796 0.059292 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068747 0.071023 0.073274 0.075504 0.077717 0.079913 0.082096
235.97 244.18 252.36 260.58 268.90 277.32 285.86 294.53 303.32 312.26 321.33 330.55 339.90 349.41
256.58 265.86 275.07 284.30 293.59 302.96 312.44 322.02 331.73 341.57 351.53 361.63 371.87 382.24
0.9305 0.9628 0.9937 1.0236 1.0528 1.0814 1.1094 1.1369 1.1640 1.1907 1.2171 1.2431 1.2688 1.2942
906
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado (conclusión ) T
v
u
h
°C
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg kJ/kg K m3 /kg
s
P 0.50 MPa (T sat 15.71°C)
Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
0.041118 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775
238.75 242.40 250.84 259.26 267.72 276.25 284.89 293.64 302.51 311.50 320.63 329.89 339.29 348.83 358.51 368.33
259.30 263.46 273.01 282.48 291.96 301.50 311.10 320.80 330.61 340.53 350.57 360.73 371.03 381.46 392.02 402.72
0.9240 0.9383 0.9703 1.0011 1.0309 1.0599 1.0883 1.1162 1.1436 1.1705 1.1971 1.2233 1.2491 1.2747 1.2999 1.3249
P 0.80 MPa (T sat 31.31°C)
Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
0.025621 0.027035 0.028547 0.029973 0.031340 0.032659 0.033941 0.035193 0.036420 0.037625 0.038813 0.039985 0.041143 0.042290 0.043427 0.044554
246.79 254.82 263.86 272.83 281.81 290.84 299.95 309.15 318.45 327.87 337.40 347.06 356.85 366.76 376.81 386.99
267.29 276.45 286.69 296.81 306.88 316.97 327.10 337.30 347.59 357.97 368.45 379.05 389.76 400.59 411.55 422.64
0.9183 0.9480 0.9802 1.0110 1.0408 1.0698 1.0981 1.1258 1.1530 1.1798 1.2061 1.2321 1.2577 1.2830 1.3080 1.3327
P 1.20 MPa (T sat 46.29°C)
Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
0.016715 0.017201 0.018404 0.019502 0.020529 0.021506 0.022442 0.023348 0.024228 0.025086 0.025927 0.026753 0.027566 0.028367 0.029158
253.81 257.63 267.56 277.21 286.75 296.26 305.80 315.38 325.03 334.77 344.61 354.56 364.61 374.78 385.08
273.87 278.27 289.64 300.61 311.39 322.07 332.73 343.40 354.11 364.88 375.72 386.66 397.69 408.82 420.07
0.9130 0.9267 0.9614 0.9938 1.0248 1.0546 1.0836 1.1118 1.1394 1.1664 1.1930 1.2192 1.2449 1.2703 1.2954
v
u
h
s
v
u
h
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg K
m3 /kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg kJ/kg K
P 0.60 MPa ( T sat 21.55°C)
s
P 0.70 MPa ( T sat 26.69°C)
0.034295
241.83 262.40
0.9218
0.029361
244.48
265.03 0.9199
0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006
249.22 257.86 266.48 275.15 283.89 292.73 301.67 310.73 319.91 329.23 338.67 348.25 357.96 367.81
0.9499 0.9816 1.0121 1.0417 1.0705 1.0987 1.1264 1.1536 1.1803 1.2067 1.2327 1.2584 1.2838 1.3088
0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597
247.48 256.39 265.20 274.01 282.87 291.80 300.82 309.95 319.19 328.55 338.04 347.66 357.41 367.29
268.45 278.57 288.53 298.42 308.33 318.28 328.29 338.40 348.60 358.90 369.32 379.86 390.52 401.31
270.81 280.58 290.28 299.98 309.73 319.55 329.46 339.47 349.59 359.82 370.18 380.66 391.27 402.01
P 0.90 MPa ( T sat 35.51°C)
0.022683 0.023375 0.024809 0.026146 0.027413 0.028630 0.029806 0.030951 0.032068 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423
248.85 253.13 262.44 271.60 280.72 289.86 299.06 308.34 317.70 327.18 336.76 346.46 356.28 366.23 376.31 386.52
269.26 274.17 284.77 295.13 305.39 315.63 325.89 336.19 346.56 357.02 367.58 378.23 389.00 399.88 410.88 422.00
0.9169 0.9327 0.9660 0.9976 1.0280 1.0574 1.0860 1.1140 1.1414 1.1684 1.1949 1.2210 1.2467 1.2721 1.2972 1.3221
P 1.40 MPa ( T sat 52.40°C)
0.9313 0.9641 0.9954 1.0256 1.0549 1.0835 1.1114 1.1389 1.1658 1.1924 1.2186 1.2444 1.2699 1.2951
P 1.00 MPa ( T sat 39.37°C)
0.020313 0.020406 0.021796 0.023068 0.024261 0.025398 0.026492 0.027552 0.028584 0.029592 0.030581 0.031554 0.032512 0.033457 0.034392 0.035317
250.68 251.30 260.94 270.32 279.59 288.86 298.15 307.51 316.94 326.47 336.11 345.85 355.71 365.70 375.81 386.04
270.99 271.71 282.74 293.38 303.85 314.25 324.64 335.06 345.53 356.06 366.69 377.40 388.22 399.15 410.20 421.36
0.9156 0.9179 0.9525 0.9850 1.0160 1.0458 1.0748 1.1031 1.1308 1.1580 1.1846 1.2109 1.2368 1.2623 1.2875 1.3124
P 1.60 MPa ( T sat 57.88°C)
0.014107
256.37 276.12
0.9105
0.012123
258.47
277.86 0.9078
0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021155 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024757
264.46 274.62 284.51 294.28 304.01 313.76 323.55 333.41 343.34 353.37 363.51 373.75 384.10
0.9389 0.9733 1.0056 1.0364 1.0661 1.0949 1.1230 1.1504 1.1773 1.2038 1.2298 1.2554 1.2807
0.012372 0.013430 0.014362 0.015215 0.016014 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019545 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456
260.89 271.76 282.09 292.17 302.14 312.07 322.02 332.00 342.05 352.17 362.38 372.69 383.11
280.69 293.25 305.07 316.52 327.76 338.91 350.02 361.12 372.26 383.44 394.69 406.02 417.44
285.47 297.10 308.34 319.37 330.30 341.19 352.09 363.02 374.01 385.07 396.20 407.43 418.76
0.9163 0.9535 0.9875 1.0194 1.0500 1.0795 1.1081 1.1360 1.1632 1.1900 1.2163 1.2421 1.2676
Apéndice 1
100 20
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
|
700
907
750 20
3
10
0 0 5 1
0 5 4 1
0 0 4 1
0 5 3 1
0 0 3 1
0 5 2 1
/ m g k 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 8 0 9 9 5 0 0 1 1 0 8 2 1 1 1 7 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 1 1
70 60 50
2
40 4 0
a P M , n ó i s 0.4 e r P
32
2 0
T = 0 ° C
1
24
1
16 12
8
4 6 . 0
2 7 . 0
0 8 . 0
8 8 . 0
6 9 . 0
2 1 . 1
4 0 . 1
0 2 . 1
8 2 . 1
6 3 . 1
4 4 . 1
2 5 . 1
0 6 . 1
8 6 . 1
6 7 . 1
4 .8 1
2 .9 1
8 0 2 .
0 .0 2
4 2 4 2 .
2 3 2 .
8 4 2 .
0 4 2 .
0.2
3.2 2.4 1.6
o d ra at u s o d – i u 6 q 0 í l
0.1
1.2
0.02
150
K k g / J k 1 6 . 2 = s
– 4 0
1 . 0
0.4
6
– 2 0
0.2
0.01 100
4
90
6 0
2
0.04
120
8 0
R-134a
10
/ m 3 = 2 0 0 k g D e ns i da d 16 0
1 0 0
4
0.1
3 0 0
4 0 0
2 . 0
. 3 0
200
.4 0
. 5 0 = X
250
o d ra tu sa r o p va .6 0
. 7 0
300
. 8 0
0 0 2 –
4
0 –
0
0 0 2
4
0 6
0 8
0 1
1
2
C 0
0 8
6 4
2 1
1 1
500
2
4 2
0 2
2
6
0 8 3
0.8
0.04
0.6
T
8 4 . 2
400 450 Entalpía, kJ/kg
0 0 2
=
. 9 0
350
0
0
°
0 0
0 0
550
600
0.4
6 5 . 2 = s s
4 6 . 2
650
2 7 . 2
700
0.02
0.3
0.01 750
FIGURA A-14
Diagrama P-h para el refrigerante 134a. Nota: El punto de referencia utilizado para la gráfica es diferente al empleado en las tablas de R-134a. Por lo tanto, los problemas deberán resolverse
utilizando todos los datos de propiedades obtenidos, ya sea de las tablas o de la gráfica, pero no de ambas. Reimpreso con autorización de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia.
908
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
Presiones bajas, 0 < P R < 1.0
a)
T = 5.00 5.00 R R
3.00
1.0
8. 0 0 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 0
0.9
6. 0 0 5. 0 0
2.00
4 .0 0 . 5 0 3
0 . 7 0 5
3. 0 0
1.60
0 2 .6 2. 4 0 2 0 2. 0 2. 0 0 1 .8
. 7 0
0 . 8 0
1.40
0.8
1.30
0 1 .6 5 0 1. 0 1. 4
0 . 8 5
0 1. 3
0 . 9 0
1.2 0
0 1. 2
0 1. 1
Z , D A D I L I B I S E R P M O C E D R O T C A F
= 2.5 Z 1.00 T R T = 15 T = 3.00 R R
NOTA
0.7
P P = —– R Pcr
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA,
TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA,
0.4
T cr
R
0 0. 8
1.00
Z 0.95
Gráfica núm. 1
T
v
2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90
20 0 . 6 0
0 . 6 5
15 . 7 70
0.90 0.00
T
R R =
1
. 0
0.85 12 0 10
VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, v R = ––—––– RT cr / Pcr
0.80
v
v r R
0.05
0.75 0.10
P R
1953
0.3 0.0
0
1 .0 5
30
T = —–
1 .1
. 7 = 0 v R v R
GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT
0.6
0 0. 9
0 . 9 5
---DESVIACIÓN > 1.0%
0.5
1.15
0 1. 0
– T R — =
v
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R
b)
Presiones intermedias, 0 < P R < 7 3.50
1.10
1.00 0.90
T = 5.00 R 0 . 0 5 0 3 0 . 0. 0 0 . 0 4 3 2 1 6 . 1 0 2 1.
2.50 2.00
. 0 1 0 0
9 0.
1.80
0
. 0 8
0
. 0 7
0 0. 6
– v T 0.80 P R —
1.60 0 0 .5 = 5 4
v R R
=
Z , D A 0.70 D I L I B I S E R P 0.60 M O C E D R O 0.50 T C A F
0.
1.50 4 . 0
0
1.40
5
. 0 3
. 0 0 3
1.30
5 . 0 2
2 . 0 = 0
v R
1.20 GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT
1.15 1.10
0.40
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA,
P P = —– R Pcr
TEMPERATURAREDUCIDA,
1.05
v
VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, v = —– R RT cr / Pcr
0.30 T = 1.00 R
0.20 0.0
0.5
1.0
T = —– T R T cr
Gráfica Núm. 2
1953
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P
R
FIGURA A-15
Gráfica generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert. Con autorización del doctor Edward E. Obert, Universidad de Wisconsin.
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
Apéndice 1
|
909
TABLA A-16 Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Altitud, m
Temperatura, °C
Presión, kPa
Gravedad g , m/s2
Velocidad del sonido, m/s
Densidad, kg/m3
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 8000 9000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000
15.00 13.70 12.40 11.10 9.80 8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30 2.00 0.70 0.59 1.89 3.19 4.49 5.79 7.09 8.39 9.69 10.98 12.3 13.6 14.9 16.2 17.5 18.8 20.1 21.4 22.7 24.0 25.3 26.6 27.9 29.2 30.5 36.9 43.4 49.9 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5
101.33 98.95 96.61 94.32 92.08 89.88 87.72 85.60 83.53 81.49 79.50 77.55 75.63 73.76 71.92 70.12 68.36 66.63 64.94 63.28 61.66 60.07 58.52 57.00 55.51 54.05 52.62 51.23 49.86 48.52 47.22 45.94 44.69 43.47 42.27 41.11 35.65 30.80 26.50 19.40 14.17 10.53 7.57
9.807 9.806 9.805 9.805 9.804 9.804 9.803 9.802 9.802 9.801 9.800 9.800 9.799 9.799 9.798 9.797 9.797 9.796 9.796 9.795 9.794 9.794 9.793 9.793 9.792 9.791 9.791 9.790 9.789 9.785 9.788 9.788 9.787 9.786 9.785 9.785 9.782 9.779 9.776 9.770 9.764 9.758 9.751
340.3 339.5 338.8 338.0 337.2 336.4 335.7 334.9 334.1 333.3 332.5 331.7 331.0 330.2 329.4 328.6 327.8 327.0 326.2 325.4 324.6 323.8 323.0 322.2 321.4 320.5 319.7 318.9 318.1 317.3 316.5 315.6 314.8 314.0 313.1 312.3 308.1 303.8 299.5 295.1 295.1 295.1 295.1
1.225 1.202 1.179 1.156 1.134 1.112 1.090 1.069 1.048 1.027 1.007 0.987 0.967 0.947 0.928 0.909 0.891 0.872 0.854 0.837 0.819 0.802 0.785 0.769 0.752 0.736 0.721 0.705 0.690 0.675 0.660 0.646 0.631 0.617 0.604 0.590 0.526 0.467 0.414 0.312 0.228 0.166 0.122
Viscosidad m, kg/m · s 1.789 1.783 1.777 1.771 1.764 1.758 1.752 1.745 1.739 1.732 1.726 1.720 1.713 1.707 1.700 1.694 1.687 1.681 1.674 1.668 1.661 1.655 1.648 1.642 1.635 1.628 1.622 1.615 1.608 1.602 1.595 1.588 1.582 1.575 1.568 1.561 1.527 1.493 1.458 1.422 1.422 1.422 1.422
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Conductividad térmica, W/m · K 0.0253 0.0252 0.0252 0.0251 0.0250 0.0249 0.0248 0.0247 0.0245 0.0244 0.0243 0.0242 0.0241 0.0240 0.0239 0.0238 0.0237 0.0236 0.0235 0.0234 0.0233 0.0232 0.0231 0.0230 0.0229 0.0228 0.0227 0.0226 0.0224 0.0223 0.0222 0.0221 0.0220 0.0219 0.0218 0.0217 0.0212 0.0206 0.0201 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195
Fuente : U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements. Oficina de Impresiones del Gobierno de Estados Unidos, 1966. Basadas en las condiciones medias anuales a una latitud de 45° y una variación de acuerdo con la época del año y con los patrones del clima. Las condiciones al nivel del mar ( z = 0) se consideran como P = 101.325 kPa, T = 15°C, r = 1.2250 kg/m 3, g = 9.80665 m 2 /s .
910
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire T
h
K
kJ/kg
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 285 290 295 298 300 305 310 315 320 325 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570
199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02 250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14 290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22 310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34 340.42 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77 390.88 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43 441.61 451.80 462.02 472.24 482.49 492.74 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98 544.35 555.74 565.17 575.59
s°
u P r
0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355 0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584 1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686 1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352 2.149 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176 3.481 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915 5.332 5.775 6.245 6.742 7.268 7.824 8.411 9.031 9.684 10.37 11.10 11.86 12.66 13.50
T
h
kJ/kg
v r
kJ/kg · K
K
kJ/kg
142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13 178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33 206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67 221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61 242.82 250.02 257.24 264.46 271.69 278.93 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99 315.30 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70 352.08 359.49 366.92 374.36 381.84 389.34 396.86 404.42 411.97
1707.0 1512.0 1346.0 1205.0 1084.0 979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1 676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0 572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4 454.1 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4 321.5 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1 236.8 223.6 211.4 200.1 189.5 179.7 170.6 162.1 154.1 146.7 139.7 133.1 127.0 121.2
1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824 1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055 1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865 1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783 1.82790 1.85708 1.88543 1.91313 1.94001 1.96633 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533 2.08870 2.11161 2.13407 2.15604 2.17760 2.19876 2.21952 2.23993 2.25997 2.27967 2.29906 2.31809 2.33685 2.35531
580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240
586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07 638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14 691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82 745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03 821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56 932.93 955.38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25 1046.04 1068.89 1091.85 1114.86 1137.89 1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254.34 1277.79 1301.31 1324.93
s°
u P r
14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36 19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46 25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02 33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35 47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98 75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2 114.0 123.4 133.3 143.9 155.2 167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2 238.0 254.7 272.3
kJ/kg 419.55 427.15 434.78 442.42 450.09 457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81 496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14 536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12 592.30 608.59 624.95 641.40 657.95 674.58 691.28 708.08 725.02 741.98 758.94 776.10 793.36 810.62 827.88 845.33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915.57 933.33 951.09 968.95
v r
115.7 110.6 105.8 101.2 96.92 92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61 75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53 62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64 48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61 34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73 25.17 23.72 23.29 21.14 19.98 18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241 14.470 13.747 13.069
kJ/kg · K 2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356 2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589 2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319 2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013 2.71787 2.74504 2.77170 2.79783 2.82344 2.84856 2.87324 2.89748 2.92128 2.94468 2.96770 2.99034 3.01260 3.03449 3.05608 3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916 3.17888 3.19834 3.21751
Apéndice 1
|
911
s°
TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire (conclusión ) T
h
K
kJ/kg
P r
1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580
1348.55 1372.24 1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44 1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79 1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17
290.8 310.4 330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2 450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8 601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0
s°
u
T
h
u
kJ/kg
v r
kJ/kg · K
K
kJ/kg
P r
986.90 1004.76 1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26 1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95 1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65
12.435 11.835 11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337 8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468 7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046
3.23638 3.25510 3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474 3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892 3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829
1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
1757.57 1782.00 1806.46 1830.96 1855.50 1880.1 1941.6 2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1 2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4
791.2 834.1 878.9 925.6 974.2 1025 1161 1310 1475 1655 1852 2068 2303 2559 2837 3138 3464
kJ/kg
v r
kJ/kg · K
1298.30 1316.96 1335.72 1354.48 1373.24 1392.7 1439.8 1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7 1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3
5.804 5.574 5.355 5.147 4.949 4.761 4.328 3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776 2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864
3.52364 3.53879 3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336 3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994 3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474
Nota : Las propiedades P r (presión relativa) y v r (volumen específico relativo) son cantidades adimensionales utilizadas en el análisis de procesos isentrópicos y
no deben confundirse con las propiedades de presión y volumen específico.
Fuente : Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 785-786, Tabla A-5. Publicada originalmente en J. H. Keenan y J. Kaye, Gas Tables , Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1948.
912
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 _ _
_
_
_
T
h
u
s °
T
h
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol · K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
0 4,562 4,770 4,979 5,188 5,396 5,604 5,813 6,021 6,190 6,229 6,437 6,645 6,853 7,061 7,270 7,478 7,687 7,895 8,104 8,314 8,523 8,733 8,943 9,153 9,363 9,574 9,786 9,997 10,210 10,423 10,635 10,848 11,062 11,277 11,492 11,707 11,923 12,139 12,356
0 182.639 183.938 185.180 186.370 187.514 188.614 189.673 190.695 191.502 191.682 192.638 193.562 194.459 195.328 196.173 196.995 197.794 198.572 199.331 200.071 200.794 201.499 202.189 202.863 203.523 204.170 204.803 205.424 206.033 206.630 207.216 207.792 208.358 208.914 209.461 209.999 210.528 211.049 211.562
600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990
17,563 17,864 18,166 18,468 18,772 19,075 19,380 19,685 19,991 20,297 20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839 22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085 23,398 23,714 24,027 24,342 24,658 24,974 25,292 25,610 25,928 26,248 26,568 26,890 27,210 27,532 27,854 28,178 28,501 28,826 29,151 29,476 29,803
12,574 12,792 13,011 13,230 13,450 13,671 13,892 14,114 14,337 14,560 14,784 15,008 15,234 15,460 15,686 15,913 16,141 16,370 16,599 16,830 17,061 17,292 17,524 17,757 17,990 18,224 18,459 18,695 18,931 19,168 19,407 19,644 19,883 20,122 20,362 20,603 20,844 21,086 21,328 21,571
0 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 298 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590
0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266 7,558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669 8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,888 10,180 10,471 10,763 11,055 11,347 11,640 11,932 12,225 12,518 12,811 13,105 13,399 13,693 13,988 14,285 14,581 14,876 15,172 15,469 15,766 16,064 16,363 16,662 16,962 17,262
u
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 212.066 212.564 213.055 213.541 214.018 214.489 214.954 215.413 215.866 216.314 216.756 217.192 217.624 218.059 218.472 218.889 219.301 219.709 220.113 220.512 220.907 221.298 221.684 222.067 222.447 222.822 223.194 223.562 223.927 224.288 224.647 225.002 225.353 225.701 226.047 226.389 226.728 227.064 227.398 227.728
Apéndice 1
|
913
TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 ( conclusión ) _ _ _ T h u s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T
h
K
kJ/kmol
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250
30,129 30,784 31,442 32,101 32,762 33,426 34,092 34,760 35,430 36,104 36,777 37,452 38,129 38,807 39,488 40,170 40,853 41,539 42,227 42,915 43,605 44,295 44,988 45,682 46,377 47,073 47,771 48,470 49,168 49,869 50,571 51,275 51,980 52,686 53,393 54,099 54,807 55,516
21,815 22,304 22,795 23,288 23,782 24,280 24,780 25,282 25,786 26,291 26,799 27,308 27,819 28,331 28,845 29,361 29,378 30,398 30,919 31,441 31,964 32,489 33,014 33,543 34,071 34,601 35,133 35,665 36,197 36,732 37,268 37,806 38,344 38,884 39,424 39,965 40,507 41,049
228.057 228.706 229.344 229.973 230.591 231.199 231.799 232.391 232.973 233.549 234.115 234.673 235.223 235.766 236.302 236.831 237.353 237.867 238.376 238.878 239.375 239.865 240.350 240.827 241.301 241.768 242.228 242.685 243.137 243.585 244.028 244.464 244.896 245.324 245.747 246.166 246.580 246.990
_
56,227 56,938 57,651 58,363 59,075 59,790 60,504 61,220 61,936 62,654 63,381 64,090 64,810 66,612 68,417 70,226 72,040 73,856 75,676 77,496 79,320 81,149 82,981 84,814 86,650 88,488 90,328 92,171 94,014 95,859 97,705 99,556 101,407 103,260 105,115 106,972 108,830 110,690
_
u
kJ/kmol 41,594 42,139 42,685 43,231 43,777 44,324 44,873 45,423 45,973 46,524 47,075 47,627 48,181 49,567 50,957 52,351 53,749 55,149 56,553 57,958 59,366 60,779 62,195 63,613 65,033 66,455 67,880 69,306 70,734 72,163 73,593 75,028 76,464 77,902 79,341 80,782 82,224 83,668
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 247.396 247.798 248.195 248.589 248.979 249.365 249.748 250.128 250.502 250.874 251.242 251.607 251.969 252.858 253.726 254.578 255.412 256.227 257.027 257.810 258.580 259.332 260.073 260.799 261.512 262.213 262.902 263.577 264.241 264.895 265.538 266.170 266.793 267.404 268.007 268.601 269.186 269.763
Fuente : Las tablas A-18 a A-25 fueron adaptadas de Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 787-798. Publicadas originalmente en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables , NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971.
914
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 _ _
_
_
_
_
T
h
u
s °
T
h
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol · K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol · K
0 4,575 4,782 4,989 5,197 5,405 5,613 5,822 6,032 6,203 6,242 6,453 6,664 6,877 7,090 7,303 7,518 7,733 7,949 8,166 8,384 8,603 8,822 9,043 9,264 9,487 9,710 9,935 10,160 10,386 10,614 10,842 11,071 11,301 11,533 11,765 11,998 12,232 12,467 12,703
0 196.171 197.461 198.696 199.885 201.027 202.128 203.191 204.218 205.033 205.213 206.177 207.112 208.020 208.904 209.765 210.604 211.423 212.222 213.002 213.765 214.510 215.241 215.955 216.656 217.342 218.016 218.676 219.326 219.963 220.589 221.206 221.812 222.409 222.997 223.576 224.146 224.708 225.262 225.808
600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990
17,929 18,250 18,572 18,895 19,219 19,544 19,870 20,197 20,524 20,854 21,184 21,514 21,845 22,177 22,510 22,844 23,178 23,513 23,850 24,186 24,523 24,861 25,199 25,537 25,877 26,218 26,559 26,899 27,242 27,584 27,928 28,272 28,616 28,960 29,306 29,652 29,999 30,345 30,692 31,041
12,940 13,178 13,417 13,657 13,898 14,140 14,383 14,626 14,871 15,116 15,364 15,611 15,859 16,107 16,357 16,607 16,859 17,111 17,364 17,618 17,872 18,126 18,382 18,637 18,893 19,150 19,408 19,666 19,925 20,185 20,445 20,706 20,967 21,228 21,491 21,754 22,017 22,280 22,544 22,809
226.346 226.877 227.400 227.918 228.429 228.932 229.430 229.920 230.405 230.885 231.358 231.827 232.291 232.748 233.201 233.649 234.091 234.528 234.960 235.387 235.810 236.230 236.644 237.055 237.462 237.864 238.264 238.660 239.051 239.439 239.823 240.203 240.580 240.953 241.323 241.689 242.052 242.411 242.768 242.120
0 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 298 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590
0 6,404 6,694 6,984 7,275 7,566 7,858 8,150 8,443 8,682 8,736 9,030 9,325 9,620 9,916 10,213 10,511 10,809 11,109 11,409 11,711 12,012 12,314 12,618 12,923 13,228 13,525 13,842 14,151 14,460 14,770 15,082 15,395 15,708 16,022 16,338 16,654 16,971 17,290 17,609
u
s °
Apéndice 1
|
915
TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 (conclusión ) _ _ _ T h u s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T
h
K
kJ/kmol
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250
31,389 32,088 32,789 33,490 34,194 34,899 35,606 36,314 37,023 37,734 38,447 39,162 39,877 40,594 41,312 42,033 42,753 43,475 44,198 44,923 45,648 46,374 47,102 47,831 48,561 49,292 50,024 50,756 51,490 52,224 52,961 53,696 54,434 55,172 55,912 56,652 57,394 58,136
23,075 23,607 24,142 24,677 25,214 25,753 26,294 26,836 27,379 27,923 28,469 29,018 29,568 30,118 30,670 31,224 31,778 32,334 32,891 33,449 34,008 34,567 35,129 35,692 36,256 36,821 37,387 37,952 38,520 39,088 39,658 40,227 40,799 41,370 41,944 42,517 43,093 43,669
243.471 244.164 244.844 245.513 246.171 246.818 247.454 248.081 248.698 249.307 249.906 250.497 251.079 251.653 252.219 252.776 253.325 253.868 254.404 254.932 255.454 255.968 256.475 256.978 257.474 257.965 258.450 258.928 259.402 259.870 260.333 260.791 261.242 261.690 262.132 262.571 263.005 263.435
_
58,880 59,624 60,371 61,118 61,866 62,616 63,365 64,116 64,868 65,620 66,374 67,127 67,881 69,772 71,668 73,573 75,484 77,397 79,316 81,243 83,174 85,112 87,057 89,004 90,956 92,916 94,881 96,852 98,826 100,808 102,793 104,785 106,780 108,778 110,784 112,795 114,809 116,827
_
u
kJ/kmol 44,247 44,825 45,405 45,986 46,568 47,151 47,734 48,319 48,904 49,490 50,078 50,665 51,253 52,727 54,208 55,697 57,192 58,690 60,193 61,704 63,219 64,742 66,271 67,802 69,339 70,883 72,433 73,987 75,546 77,112 78,682 80,258 81,837 83,419 85,009 86,601 88,203 89,804
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 263.861 264.283 264.701 265.113 265.521 265.925 266.326 266.722 267.115 267.505 267.891 268.275 268.655 269.588 270.504 271.399 272.278 273.136 273.891 274.809 275.625 276.424 277.207 277.979 278.738 279.485 280.219 280.942 281.654 282.357 283.048 283.728 284.399 285.060 285.713 286.355 286.989 287.614
916
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 _ _ _ T h u s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T
h
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol · K
0 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 298 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590
600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990
22,280 22,754 23,231 23,709 24,190 24,674 25,160 25,648 26,138 26,631 27,125 27,622 28,121 28,622 29,124 29,629 20,135 30,644 31,154 31,665 32,179 32,694 33,212 33,730 34,251 34,773 35,296 35,821 36,347 36,876 37,405 37,935 38,467 39,000 39,535 40,070 40,607 41,145 41,685 42,226
17,291 17,683 18,076 18,471 18,869 19,270 19,672 20,078 20,484 20,894 21,305 21,719 22,134 22,522 22,972 23,393 23,817 24,242 24,669 25,097 25,527 25,959 26,394 26,829 27,267 27,706 28,125 28,588 29,031 29,476 29,922 30,369 30,818 31,268 31,719 32,171 32,625 33,081 33,537 33,995
243.199 243.983 244.758 245.524 246.282 247.032 247.773 248.507 249.233 249.952 250.663 251.368 252.065 252.755 253.439 254.117 254.787 255.452 256.110 256.762 257.408 258.048 258.682 259.311 259.934 260.551 261.164 261.770 262.371 262.968 263.559 264.146 264.728 265.304 265.877 266.444 267.007 267.566 268.119 268.670
0 6,601 6,938 7,280 7,627 7,979 8,335 8,697 9,063 9,364 9,431 9,807 10,186 10,570 10,959 11,351 11,748 12,148 12,552 12,960 13,372 13,787 14,206 14,628 15,054 15,483 15,916 16,351 16,791 17,232 17,678 18,126 18,576 19,029 19,485 19,945 20,407 20,870 21,337 21,807
0 4,772 5,026 5,285 5,548 5,817 6,091 6,369 6,651 6,885 6,939 7,230 7,526 7,826 8,131 8,439 8,752 9,068 9,392 9,718 10,046 10,378 10,714 11,053 11,393 11,742 12,091 12,444 12,800 13,158 13,521 13,885 14,253 14,622 14,996 15,372 15,751 16,131 16,515 16,902
0 202.966 204.464 205.920 207.337 208.717 210.062 211.376 212.660 213.685 213.915 215.146 216.351 217.534 218.694 219.831 220.948 222.044 223.122 224.182 225.225 226.250 227.258 228.252 229.230 230.194 231.144 232.080 233.004 233.916 234.814 235.700 236.575 237.439 238.292 239.135 239.962 240.789 241.602 242.405
_
_
u
_
s °
Apéndice 1
|
917
TABLA A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 (conclusión ) _ _ _ T h u s ° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740
42,769 43,859 44,953 46,051 47,153 48,258 49,369 50,484 51,602 52,724 53,848 54,977 56,108 57,244 58,381 59,522 60,666 61,813 62,963 64,116 65,271 66,427 67,586 68,748 66,911 71,078 72,246 73,417 74,590 76,767 76,944 78,123 79,303 80,486 81,670 82,856 84,043 85,231
34,455 35,378 36,306 37,238 38,174 39,112 40,057 41,006 41,957 42,913 43,871 44,834 45,799 46,768 47,739 48,713 49,691 50,672 51,656 52,643 53,631 54,621 55,614 56,609 57,606 58,606 59,609 60,613 61,620 62,630 63,741 64,653 65,668 66,592 67,702 68,721 69,742 70,764
269.215 270.293 271.354 272.400 273.430 274.445 275.444 276.430 277.403 278.361 297.307 280.238 281.158 282.066 282.962 283.847 284.722 285.586 286.439 287.283 288.106 288.934 289.743 290.542 291.333 292.114 292.888 292.654 294.411 295.161 295.901 296.632 297.356 298.072 298.781 299.482 300.177 300.863
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250
_ h
kJ/kmol 86,420 87,612 88,806 90,000 91,196 92,394 93,593 94,793 95,995 97,197 98,401 99,606 100,804 103,835 106,864 109,898 112,939 115,984 119,035 122,091 125,152 128,219 131,290 134,368 137,449 140,533 143,620 146,713 149,808 152,908 156,009 159,117 162,226 165,341 168,456 171,576 174,695 177,822
_
u
kJ/kmol 71,787 72,812 73,840 74,868 75,897 76,929 77,962 78,996 80,031 81,067 82,105 83,144 84,185 86,791 89,404 92,023 94,648 97,277 99,912 102,552 105,197 107,849 110,504 113,166 115,832 118,500 121,172 123,849 126,528 129,212 131,898 134,589 137,283 139,982 142,681 145,385 148,089 150,801
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 301.543 302.217 302.884 303.544 304.198 304.845 305.487 306.122 306.751 307.374 307.992 308.604 309.210 310.701 312.160 313.589 314.988 316.356 317.695 319.011 320.302 321.566 322.808 324.026 325.222 326.396 327.549 328.684 329.800 330.896 331.975 333.037 334.084 335.114 336.126 337.124 338.109 339.069
918
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO _ _ _ T h u s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T
h
u
s °
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol · K
0 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 298 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590
600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990
17,611 17,915 18,221 18,527 18,833 19,141 19,449 19,758 20,068 20,378 20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943 22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208 23,526 23,844 24,164 24,483 24,803 25,124 25,446 25,768 26,091 26,415 26,740 27,066 27,392 27,719 28,046 28,375 28,703 29,033 29,362 29,693 30,024
12,622 12,843 13,066 13,289 13,512 13,736 13,962 14,187 14,414 14,641 14,870 15,099 15,328 15,558 15,789 16,022 16,255 16,488 16,723 16,957 17,193 17,429 17,665 17,902 18,140 18,379 18,617 18,858 19,099 19,341 19,583 19,826 20,070 20,314 20,559 20,805 21,051 21,298 21,545 21,793
218.204 218.708 219.205 219.695 220.179 220.656 221.127 221.592 222.052 222.505 222.953 223.396 223.833 224.265 224.692 225.115 225.533 225.947 226.357 226.762 227.162 227.559 227.952 228.339 228.724 229.106 229.482 229.856 230.227 230.593 230.957 231.317 231.674 232.028 232.379 232.727 233.072 233.413 233.752 234.088
0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266 7,558 7,849 8,140 8,432 8,669 8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,889 10,181 10,473 10,765 11,058 11,351 11,644 11,938 12,232 12,526 12,821 13,116 13,412 13,708 14,005 14,302 14,600 14,898 15,197 15,497 15,797 16,097 16,399 16,701 17,003 17,307
0 4,562 4,771 4,979 5,188 5,396 5,604 5,812 6,020 6,190 6,229 6,437 6,645 6,854 7,062 7,271 7,480 7,689 7,899 8,108 8,319 8,529 8,740 8,951 9,163 9,375 9,587 9,800 10,014 10,228 10,443 10,658 10,874 11,090 11,307 11,524 11,743 11,961 12,181 12,401
0 188.683 189.980 191.221 192.411 193.554 194.654 195.713 196.735 197.543 197.723 198.678 199.603 200.500 201.371 202.217 203.040 203.842 204.622 205.383 206.125 206.850 207.549 208.252 208.929 209.593 210.243 210.880 211.504 212.117 212.719 213.310 213.890 214.460 215.020 215.572 216.115 216.649 217.175 217.693
_
_
_
Apéndice 1
|
919
TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO (conclusión ) _ _ _ T h u s ° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740
30,355 31,020 31,688 32,357 33,029 33,702 34,377 35,054 35,733 36,406 37,095 37,780 38,466 39,154 39,844 40,534 41,226 41,919 42,613 43,309 44,007 44,707 45,408 46,110 46,813 47,517 48,222 48,928 49,635 50,344 51,053 51,763 52,472 53,184 53,895 54,609 55,323 56,039
22,041 22,540 23,041 23,544 24,049 24,557 25,065 25,575 26,088 26,602 27,118 27,637 28,426 28,678 29,201 29,725 30,251 30,778 31,306 31,836 32,367 32,900 33,434 33,971 34,508 35,046 35,584 36,124 36,665 37,207 37,750 38,293 38,837 39,382 39,927 40,474 41,023 41,572
234.421 235.079 235.728 236.364 236.992 237.609 238.217 238.817 239.407 239.989 240.663 241.128 241.686 242.236 242.780 243.316 243.844 244.366 244.880 245.388 245.889 246.385 246.876 247.360 247.839 248.312 248.778 249.240 249.695 250.147 250.592 251.033 251.470 251.901 252.329 252.751 253.169 253.582
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250
_ h
kJ/kmol 56,756 57,473 58,191 58,910 59,629 60,351 61,072 61,794 62,516 63,238 63,961 64,684 65,408 67,224 69,044 70,864 72,688 74,516 76,345 78,178 80,015 81,852 83,692 85,537 87,383 89,230 91,077 92,930 94,784 96,639 98,495 100,352 102,210 104,073 105,939 107,802 109,667 111,534
_
u
kJ/kmol 42,123 42,673 43,225 43,778 44,331 44,886 45,441 45,997 46,552 47,108 47,665 48,221 48,780 50,179 51,584 52,988 54,396 55,809 57,222 58,640 60,060 61,482 62,906 64,335 65,766 67,197 68,628 70,066 71,504 72,945 74,383 75,825 77,267 78,715 80,164 81,612 83,061 84,513
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 253.991 254.398 254.797 255.194 255.587 255.976 256.361 256.743 257.122 257.497 257.868 258.236 258.600 259.494 260.370 261.226 262.065 262.887 263.692 264.480 265.253 266.012 266.755 267.485 268.202 268.905 269.596 270.285 270.943 271.602 272.249 272.884 273.508 274.123 274.730 275.326 275.914 276.494
920
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-22 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2 _ _ _
_
_
T
h
u
s °
T
h
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol · K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
0 260 270 280 290 298 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 560 600 640 680 720 760 800 840 880 920 960 1000 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 1240 1280 1320 1360 1400
0 7,370 7,657 7,945 8,233 8,468 8,522 9,100 9,680 10,262 10,843 11,426 12,010 12,594 13,179 13,764 14,350 14,935 16,107 17,280 18,453 19,630 20,807 21,988 23,171 24,359 25,551 26,747 27,948 29,154 30,364 31,580 32,802 34,028 35,262 36,502 37,749 39,002 40,263 41,530
0 5,209 5,412 5,617 5,822 5,989 6,027 6,440 6,853 7,268 7,684 8,100 8,518 8,936 9,355 9,773 10,193 10,611 11,451 12,291 13,133 13,976 14,821 15,669 16,520 17,375 18,235 19,098 19,966 20,839 21,717 22,601 23,490 24,384 25,284 26,192 27,106 28,027 28,955 29,889
0 126.636 127.719 128.765 129.775 130.574 130.754 132.621 134.378 136.039 137.612 139.106 140.529 141.888 143.187 144.432 145.628 146.775 148.945 150.968 152.863 154.645 156.328 157.923 159.440 160.891 162.277 163.607 164.884 166.114 167.300 168.449 169.560 170.636 171.682 172.698 173.687 174.652 175.593 176.510
1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640 1680 1720 1760 1800 1840 1880 1920 1960 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250
42,808 44,091 45,384 46,683 47,990 49,303 50,622 51,947 53,279 54,618 55,962 57,311 58,668 60,031 61,400 63,119 64,847 66,584 68,328 70,080 71,839 73,608 75,383 77,168 78,960 80,755 82,558 84,368 86,186 88,008 89,838 91,671 93,512 95,358 97,211 99,065 100,926 102,793 104,667 106,545
30,835 31,786 32,746 33,713 34,687 35,668 36,654 37,646 38,645 39,652 40,663 41,680 42,705 43,735 44,771 46,074 47,386 48,708 50,037 51,373 52,716 54,069 55,429 56,798 58,175 59,554 60,941 62,335 63,737 65,144 66,558 67,976 69,401 70,831 72,268 73,707 75,152 76,604 78,061 79,523
u
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 177.410 178.291 179.153 179.995 180.820 181.632 182.428 183.208 183.973 184.724 185.463 186.190 186.904 187.607 188.297 189.148 189.979 190.796 191.598 192.385 193.159 193.921 194.669 195.403 196.125 196.837 197.539 198.229 198.907 199.575 200.234 200.885 201.527 202.157 202.778 203.391 203.995 204.592 205.181 205.765
Apéndice 1
|
921
TABLA A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O _ _ _ T h u s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T
h
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
0 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 298 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590
600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990
20,402 20,765 21,130 21,495 21,862 22,230 22,600 22,970 23,342 23,714 24,088 24,464 24,840 25,218 25,597 25,977 26,358 26,741 27,125 27,510 27,896 28,284 28,672 29,062 29,454 29,846 30,240 30,635 31,032 31,429 31,828 32,228 32,629 33,032 33,436 33,841 34,247 34,653 35,061 35,472
15,413 15,693 15,975 16,257 16,541 16,826 17,112 17,399 17,688 17,978 18,268 18,561 18,854 19,148 19,444 19,741 20,039 20,339 20,639 20,941 21,245 21,549 21,855 22,162 22,470 22,779 23,090 23,402 23,715 24,029 24,345 24,662 24,980 25,300 25,621 25,943 26,265 26,588 26,913 27,240
0 7,295 7,628 7,961 8,294 8,627 8,961 9,296 9,631 9,904 9,966 10,302 10,639 10,976 11,314 11,652 11,992 12,331 12,672 13,014 13,356 13,699 14,043 14,388 14,734 15,080 15,428 15,777 16,126 16,477 16,828 17,181 17,534 17,889 18,245 18,601 18,959 19,318 19,678 20,039
0 5,466 5,715 5,965 6,215 6,466 6,716 6,968 7,219 7,425 7,472 7,725 7,978 8,232 8,487 8,742 8,998 9,255 9,513 9,771 10,030 10,290 10,551 10,813 11,075 11,339 11,603 11,869 12,135 12,403 12,671 12,940 13,211 13,482 13,755 14,028 14,303 14,579 14,856 15,134
0 178.576 180.054 181.471 182.831 184.139 185.399 186.616 187.791 188.720 188.928 190.030 191.098 192.136 193.144 194.125 195.081 196.012 196.920 197.807 198.673 199.521 200.350 201.160 201.955 202.734 203.497 204.247 204.982 205.705 206.413 207.112 207.799 208.475 209.139 209.795 210.440 211.075 211.702 212.320
_
_
u
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 212.920 213.529 214.122 214.707 215.285 215.856 216.419 216.976 217.527 218.071 218.610 219.142 219.668 220.189 220.707 221.215 221.720 222.221 222.717 223.207 223.693 224.174 224.651 225.123 225.592 226.057 226.517 226.973 227.426 227.875 228.321 228.763 229.202 229.637 230.070 230.499 230.924 231.347 231.767 232.184
922
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O ( conclusión ) _ _ _ T h u s ° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740
35,882 36,709 37,542 38,380 39,223 40,071 40,923 41,780 42,642 43,509 44,380 45,256 46,137 47,022 47,912 48,807 49,707 50,612 51,521 52,434 53,351 54,273 55,198 56,128 57,062 57,999 58,942 59,888 60,838 61,792 62,748 63,709 64,675 65,643 66,614 67,589 68,567 69,550
27,568 28,228 28,895 29,567 30,243 30,925 31,611 32,301 32,997 33,698 34,403 35,112 35,827 36,546 37,270 38,000 38,732 39,470 40,213 40,960 41,711 42,466 43,226 43,989 44,756 45,528 46,304 47,084 47,868 48,655 49,445 50,240 51,039 51,841 52,646 53,455 54,267 55,083
232.597 233.415 234.223 235.020 235.806 236.584 237.352 238.110 238.859 239.600 240.333 241.057 241.773 242.482 243.183 243.877 244.564 245.243 245.915 246.582 247.241 247.895 248.543 249.185 249.820 250.450 251.074 251.693 252.305 252.912 253.513 254.111 254.703 255.290 255.873 256.450 257.022 257.589
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250
_ h
kJ/kmol 70,535 71,523 72,513 73,507 74,506 75,506 76,511 77,517 78,527 79,540 80,555 81,573 82,593 85,156 87,735 90,330 92,940 95,562 98,199 100,846 103,508 106,183 108,868 111,565 114,273 116,991 119,717 122,453 125,198 127,952 130,717 133,486 136,264 139,051 141,846 144,648 147,457 150,272
_
u
kJ/kmol 55,902 56,723 57,547 58,375 59,207 60,042 60,880 61,720 62,564 63,411 64,259 65,111 65,965 68,111 70,275 72,454 74,649 76,855 79,076 81,308 83,553 85,811 88,082 90,364 92,656 94,958 97,269 99,588 101,917 104,256 106,605 108,959 111,321 113,692 116,072 118,458 120,851 123,250
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 258.151 258.708 259.262 259.811 260.357 260.898 261.436 261.969 262.497 263.022 263.542 264.059 264.571 265.838 267.081 268.301 269.500 270.679 271.839 272.978 274.098 275.201 276.286 277.354 278.407 279.441 280.462 281.464 282.453 283.429 284.390 285.338 286.273 287.194 288.102 288.999 289.884 290.756
Apéndice 1
|
923
TABLA A-24 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O _ _ _ T h u s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T
h
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500
50,894 51,936 52,979 54,021 55,064 56,108 57,152 58,196 59,241 60,286 61,332 62,378 63,425 65,520 67,619 69,720 71,824 73,932
30,940 31,566 32,193 32,820 33,447 34,075 34,703 35,332 35,961 36,590 37,220 37,851 38,482 39,746 41,013 42,283 43,556 44,832
0 6,852 6,892 11,197 21,713 32,150 34,234 36,317 38,400 40,482 42,564 43,605 44,646 45,687 46,728 47,769 48,811 49,852
0 4,373 4,398 7,040 13,398 19,679 20,931 22,183 23,434 24,685 25,935 26,560 27,186 27,811 28,436 29,062 29,688 30,314
0 160.944 161.079 172.088 186.678 195.143 196.488 197.751 198.941 200.067 201.135 201.649 202.151 202.641 203.119 203.588 204.045 204.493
_
_
u
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 204.932 205.362 205.783 206.196 206.601 206.999 207.389 207.772 208.148 208.518 208.882 209.240 209.592 210.279 210.945 211.592 212.220 212.831
TABLA A-25 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH _ _
_
_
_
T
h
u
s °
T
h
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol · K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
0 9,188 9,244 15,181 30,123 46,046 49,358 52,706 56,089 59,505 62,952 64,687 66,428 68,177 69,932 71,694 73,462 75,236
0 6,709 6,749 11,024 21,809 33,575 36,055 38,571 41,123 43,708 46,323 47,642 48,968 50,301 51,641 52,987 54,339 55,697
0 183.594 183.779 198.955 219.624 232.506 234.642 236.672 238.606 240.453 242.221 243.077 243.917 244.740 245.547 246.338 247.116 247.879
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500
77,015 78,801 80,592 82,388 84,189 85,995 87,806 89,622 91,442 93,266 95,095 96,927 98,763 102,447 106,145 109,855 113,578 117,312
57,061 58,431 59,806 61,186 62,572 63,962 65,358 66,757 68,162 69,570 70,983 72,400 73,820 76,673 79,539 82,418 85,309 88,212
u
_
s °
kJ/kmol · K 248.628 249.364 250.088 250.799 251.499 252.187 252.864 253.530 254.186 254.832 255.468 256.094 256.712 257.919 259.093 260.235 261.347 262.429
924
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-26 Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 25°C, 1 atm _ _ _ h f ° g f ° s ° Sustancia Fórmula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K Acetileno Agua Alcohol etílico Alcohol etílico Alcohol metílico Alcohol metílico Amoniaco Benceno n -butano Carbón Dióxido de carbono n -dodecano Etano Etileno Hidrógeno Hidrógeno Hidróxilo Metano Monóxido de carbono Nitrógeno Nitrógeno n -octano n -octano Oxígeno Oxígeno Peróxido de hidrógeno Propano Propileno Vapor de agua
C2H2(g ) H2O() C2H5OH(g ) C2H5OH() CH3OH(g ) CH3OH() NH3(g ) C6H6(g ) C4H10(g ) C(s ) CO2(g ) C12H26(g ) C2H6(g ) C2H4(g ) H2(g ) H(g ) OH(g ) CH4(g ) CO(g ) N2(g ) N(g ) C8H18(g ) C8H18() O2(g ) O(g ) H2O2(g ) C3H8(g ) C3H6(g ) H2O(g )
+226,730
+209,170
285,830
237,180
235,310
168,570
277,690
174,890
200,670
162,000
238,660
166,360
46,190
16,590 +129,660 15,710 0 394,360 +50,150 32,890 +68,120 0 +203,290 +34,280 50,790 137,150 0 +455,510 +16,530 +6,610 0 +231,770 105,600 23,490 +62,720 228,590
+82,930 126,150 0 393,520 291,010 84,680 +52,280 0 +218,000 +39,460 74,850 110,530 0 +472,650 208,450 249,950 0 +249,190 136,310 103,850 +20,410 241,820
200.85 69.92 282.59 160.70 239.70 126.80 192.33 269.20 310.12 5.74 213.80 622.83 229.49 219.83 130.68 114.72 183.70 186.16 197.65 191.61 153.30 466.73 360.79 205.04 161.06 232.63 269.91 266.94 188.83
Fuente : De JANAF, Thermochemical Tables , Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Co., 1971, Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties , NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; y API Research Project 44 ,
Carnegie Press, 1953.
Apéndice 1
|
925
TABLA A-27 Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes
Combustible (fase)
Fórmula
Masa molar, kg/kmol
Acetileno (g ) Benceno () Butano () Carbono (s ) Decano () Diesel ligero () Diesel pesado () Etano (g ) Etanol () Gas natural (g ) Gasolina () Heptano () Hexano () Hexeno () Hidrógeno (g ) Isopentano () Metano (g ) Metanol () Monóx. de carbono (g ) Octano () 1-Penteno () Propano () Tolueno ()
C2H2 C6H6 C4H10 C C10H22 Cn H1.8n Cn H1.7n C2H6 C2H6O Cn H3.8n N0.1n Cn H1.87n C7H16 C6H12 C6H14 H2 C5H12 CH4 CH4O CO C8H18 C5H10 C3H8 C7H8
26.038 78.114 58.123 12.011 142.285 170 200 30.070 46.069 18 100–110 100.204 84.161 86.177 2.016 72.150 16.043 32.042 28.013 114.231 70.134 44.097 92.141
Densidad,1 kg/L — 0.877 0.579 2 0.730 0.78–0.84 0.82–0.88 — 0.790 — 0.72–0.78 0.684 0.673 0.660 — 0.626 — 0.790 — 0.703 0.641 0.500 0.867
Entalpía de vaporización,2 kJ/kg — 433 362 — 361 270 230 172 919 — 350 365 392 366 — — 509 1168 — 363 363 335 412
1A
1 atm y 20°C.
2A
25°C para combustibles líquidos, y 1 atm y temperatura normal de ebullición para combustibles gaseosos.
3A
25°C. Multiplique por la masa molar para obtener los valores caloríficos en kJ/kmol.
Calor específico,1 c p kJ/kg · K
Poder calorífico superior,3 kJ/kg
Poder calorífico inferior,3 kJ/kg
1.69 1.72 2.42 0.708 2.21 2.2 1.9 1.75 2.44 2 2.4 2.24 1.84 2.27 14.4 2.32 2.20 2.53 1.05 2.23 2.20 2.77 1.71
49,970 41,800 49,150 32,800 47,640 46,100 45,500 51,900 29,670 50,000 47,300 48,100 47,500 48,310 141,800 48,570 55,530 22,660 10,100 47,890 47,760 50,330 42,400
48,280 40,100 45,370 32,800 44,240 43,200 42,800 47,520 26,810 45,000 44,000 44,600 44,400 44,740 120,000 44,910 50,050 19,920 10,100 44,430 44,630 46,340 40,500
926
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-28 Logaritmos naturales de la constante de equilibrio K p La constante de equilibrio K p para la reacción nA A +
+
nB B ∆ nC C
se define como K p
nD D
≡
nC PC P Dn D
P An A P Bn B
Temp., K 298 500 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000
H2
∆
2H
O2
∆
2O
N2
∆
2N
H2O
∆
H2 + 1 / 2O2
H2O
∆ 1 / 2H2
+ OH
CO2
∆
CO + 1 / 2O2
1 / N + 1 / O ∆ 2 2 2 2
164.005
186.975
367.480
92.208
106.208
103.762
35.052
92.827
105.630
213.372
52.691
60.281
57.616
20.295
39.803
45.150
99.127
23.163
26.034
23.529
9.388
30.874
35.005
80.011
18.182
20.283
17.871
7.569
24.463
27.742
66.329
14.609
16.099
13.842
6.270
19.637
22.285
56.055
11.921
13.066
10.830
5.294
15.866
18.030
48.051
9.826
10.657
8.497
4.536
12.840
14.622
41.645
8.145
8.728
6.635
3.931
10.353
11.827
36.391
6.768
7.148
5.120
3.433
8.276
9.497
32.011
5.619
5.832
3.860
3.019
6.517
7.521
28.304
4.648
4.719
2.801
2.671
5.002
5.826
25.117
3.812
3.763
1.894
2.372
3.685
4.357
22.359
3.086
2.937
1.111
2.114
2.534
3.072
19.937
2.451
2.212
0.429
1.888
1.516
1.935
17.800
1.891
1.576
1.690
0.609
0.926
15.898
1.392
1.088
0.202 0.934 2.486 3.725 4.743 5.590
0.019
14.199
0.945
0.501
0.796 2.513 3.895 5.023 5.963
12.660
0.542
0.044
9.414
0.312 0.996 1.560 2.032
0.920 1.689 2.318 2.843
0.169 0.701 1.176 1.599 2.490 3.197 3.771 4.245
6.807 4.666 2.865
NO
1.513 1.356 1.216 0.921 0.686 0.497 0.341
Fuente : Gordon J. Van Wylen y Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodyamics , versión inglés/SI, tercera edición, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1986, p. 723, Tabla A-14. Con base en información termodinámica proporcionada en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables , Midland, MI, Termal Research
Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 1971.
Apéndice 1
7.5
|
927
0.50
7.0
0.55 0.60
T
R
6.5
0.65 0.70
6.0 L í q u i d o s a t u r a d o
5.5
0.80
0.85 0.90 0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08
5.0 0.75 0.80
– 4.5 h r – — c l T 4.0 a — e R d i — h — = 3.5 – – h r – – — c 3.0 l T a — u e d R i — – h – — 2.5 =
0.75
0.85 0.90
1.10
0.92 0.94
1.20
0.96
1.15 1.25
1.30 0.98
1.40
h
Z
a í p l a t n e e d n ó i c a i v s e D
2.0
1.50 1.60
1.5 1.0
r a d o 5 s a t u 0 9 . r o V a p . 9 0 0
0.5
0 0 1.
1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.20
1 0 1. 1 2 0 . 3 0 . 1
2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 4.00
0 1 .5 2. 0 0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3 0.4 0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0 4.0 5.0
10
20
30
Presión reducida, P R –
h – — r c l T a e — R d i — h
0.500 9 0 0. 0 = 9 T R 0. =
— 0.400
=
– – h r – — c – l T — a u 0.300 e d — R i – h – — = h Z 0.200 a í p l a t n e e 0.100 d n ó i c a i v s e 0.000 D 0
T R
8 0 0.
. 0 1 0
d o r a u t a r s o p V a
0 1. 1 1. 2 0
FIGURA A-29
1 .4 0
1. 6 0
2.00
Gráfica generalizada de desviación de entalpía. Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius,
0.05
0.10
0.15 P
R
0.20
0.25
0.30
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 558, Fig. C.2 y p. 561, Fig. C.5.
928
|
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
10.0
– 0.500
s — – l — a e R 0.400 d i — s
9.0
T R
8.0
a í p o r — t n e = 0.300 e d n s – ó i – — u0.200 c — a a l R e i d v — i s e s — 0.100 D = s Z 0.000
o r a d . 0 0 9 a t u = s r T R p o V a 0 1. 0 0 8 . 0
0 1. 1
1. 2 0 1. 4 0 1.60
0
2.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 P R
0.50
–
s — – l — R a e d i — s
7.0 0.55 0.60
—
=
–
L í q u i d o s a t u r a d o
6.0
s — – u l a R e — d i — s
— 5.0 = s
Z
a í p o r t n e e d n ó i c a i v s e D
0.70
0.75
0.75
0.80
0.80 0.85
4.0
0.90 0.85 0.90 0.92
0.94
0.92 0.98 0.96
0.94 0.96
3.0
0.98
1.02 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10
1.20
Gráfica generalizada de desviación de entropía. Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius,
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 559, Fig. C.3 y p. 561, Fig C.5.
1.0 o s a t u r a d 9 0 V a p o r 0.
0
5 9 . 0 0 0 4 1. 0 .
1.40
1 1 0 1.
0.2
0.3 0.40.5
1.02 1.06
1.30
1.50
1.60 1.80 2.00 2.50 3.00
0 1 .2
1. 4 0
1.60
0.1
0.94 0.98
1.15
2.0
FIGURA A-30
0.65
1.0
2.0
3.0 4.0 5.0
Presión reducida, P R
10
20
30
Apéndice 1
|
929
T H ∆ l a t o t r o l a C = – — — — — — — — S l b i s n e s r o l a C H ∆ e
0 4 . 0
6 3 . 0
5 4 . 0
0 5 . 0
0 2 1 0 3
8 2
5 5 . 0
0 1 1
6 2
4 2
2 2
0 6 . 0
5 6 . 0
0 0 1 0 2
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 7 . 7 . 8 . 8 . 9 . 9 . 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8 1
6 1
0 8 4 1
2 1
0 7 0 1
8
0 6
6
4
2
0 5
o c e s e r i a e d o m a r g o l i k r o p d a d e m u h e d s o m a r g ) ω ( d a d e m u h e d n ó i c a l e R
0. 9 4
m e n v o l u 2 9 . 0
o ú b i c r o c t e m
s e c o a i r e e d o g r a m k i l o p o r
0 4
0. 9 0
C º d o e ú m h o b l b u d e r a t u r a e p m t e 5 2
0 3
0 3
0. 8 8 % 0 2
0 0 1
0 9
5 2
% 0 9
% 0 8
% 0 7
% 0 6
% 0 4
% 0 5
1 . m ú a n P a k c 5 i 2 r l a 3 t . é m 1 0 m r o 1 o n r a c a i c i s r r u t p t é a a r m c e i f p o r á m a r e b T n G ó E i s A e r R P H S A
• –
.0 5 –
. 0 2 –
0 0 .
0 1.
0 . .5 0. . 0 1 1 2 4 0 . 0 •
4 2 . – –
0. – 1 5 .
r a m l e d l e v i N
S T
— H H
– 0
— = e – l l b — a i t s o n t — e r s — o r l o — a l a C — C
2 – 0.
•
0 . 0 1
0 . 5
C º o c e s o b l u b e d a r u t a r e p m e T
0. 8 6
0 2
0. 8 4
o C c º 0 e 2 s e n ó i r i c a a e 0 r 7 u t d a s e o m d a r a g r o u l t i a k r e r p o p m 0 s e e 6 T l u o j o l i k ) h ( a í p l a 0 t n E 5 h — ∆ ∆
0 2
5 1
0 .8 2
5 1
0 1
0 1
2 .0
— = d 0 2.5 — a d — e 1 . 0 m — a h u í p — l 2 e . 0 0 a . d 3 t — n n E — ó 3 . i 0 c — a 4 l . — e 0 5 . R 6 — 0 7 . 0 . . 0 . 8 0 0 . 0 1 4 ∆ ∆
0 3
% 0 3
0 8
. c n I , s r , e g e n i n i t a n e g H E f g o i n y n t o e i i t i c d o S n o n C a c r i i r e A m d A n a 2 g 9 n i 9 t 1 a e © r g i r f e R
a v i t a l e r d a d e m u H % 0 1
0 1 0 4
5
0 3
0. 8 0
5 0
0 2
0. 7 8 0
. o h a d I e d d a d i s r e v i n U , a c i m á n i d o m r e T e d s o d a c i l p A s o i d u t s E e d o r t n e C l e r o p o d a r a p e r P
. o s i m r e p n o c a d a s u ; a i g r o e G , a t n a l t A , . c n I , s r e e n i g n E g n i n o i t i d n o C r i A d n a g n i t a r e g i r f e R . , l g a i n t o t a t e H n f ó o i s y t e e r i p c o e S d n a c i m t e a r m 1 A a a l a d c e i r o s t é i m r e m p o 1 r n c o 3 i - s c a A p d i A a c u c d R i o U f r á G r p e I F G R
930
|
Ma* Ma
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
B 2
k 1
1 2 k 1 1 Ma2 2 A* Ma k 1 k (k 1) P k 1 1 Ma2 2 P0 1 (k 1) r k 1 Ma2 1 r 0 2 1 T k 1 Ma2 1 2 T 0
ca b a
A
a a a
TABLA A-32
(k 1)Ma2
b b b
bd
Funciones unidimensionales isentrópicas de flujo compresible para un gas ideal con k 1.4
0.5(k 1) (k 1)
Ma
Ma*
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 5.0
0 0.1094 0.2182 0.3257 0.4313 0.5345 0.6348 0.7318 0.8251 0.9146 1.0000 1.1583 1.2999 1.4254 1.5360 1.6330 1.7179 1.7922 1.8571 1.9140 1.9640 2.2361 2.2495
A / A*
5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.0944 1.0382 1.0089 1.0000 1.0304 1.1149 1.2502 1.4390 1.6875 2.0050 2.4031 2.8960 3.5001 4.2346 25.000
/ P0 P
r r0
/
/ T0 T
1.0000 0.9930 0.9725 0.9395 0.8956 0.8430 0.7840 0.7209 0.6560 0.5913 0.5283 0.4124 0.3142 0.2353 0.1740 0.1278 0.0935 0.0684 0.0501 0.0368 0.0272 0.0019 0
1.0000 0.9950 0.9803 0.9564 0.9243 0.8852 0.8405 0.7916 0.7400 0.6870 0.6339 0.5311 0.4374 0.3557 0.2868 0.2300 0.1841 0.1472 0.1179 0.0946 0.0760 0.0113 0
1.0000 0.9980 0.9921 0.9823 0.9690 0.9524 0.9328 0.9107 0.8865 0.8606 0.8333 0.7764 0.7184 0.6614 0.6068 0.5556 0.5081 0.4647 0.4252 0.3894 0.3571 0.1667 0
3.0 A / A*
2.5 e l b i s 2.0 e r p m o c o j u l f 1.5 e d s e n o i c 1.0 n u F
Ma*
T / T 0
0.5
/ *
r r
P / P0
0 0
0.5
1.0
1.5 Ma
2.0
2.5
3.0
Apéndice 1
T 01 T 02
B
(k 1)Ma21 2 Ma 2 2k Ma 21 k 1 1 k Ma 21 2k Ma 21 k 1 P2 P1 k 1 1 k Ma 22 r 2 (k 1)Ma21 P2 P1 V 1 2 r 1 T 2 T1 2 (k 1)Ma1 V 2 2 Ma 21(k 1) T 2 T 1 2 Ma 22(k 1) P 02 Ma 1 1 Ma 22(k 1) 2 (k 1)/[2(k 1)] Ma 2 1 Ma 21(k 1) 2 P 01 (1 k Ma 21)[1 Ma 22(k 1) 2] k (k 1) P 02 P1 1 k Ma 22
c
d
|
931
TABLA A-33 Funciones unidimensionales de choque normal de un gas ideal con k 1.4 Ma1
Ma2
P 2 / P1
r 2 r1
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.0 5.0
1.0000 0.9118 0.8422 0.7860 0.7397 0.7011 0.6684 0.6405 0.6165 0.5956 0.5774 0.5613 0.5471 0.5344 0.5231 0.5130 0.5039 0.4956 0.4882 0.4814 0.4752 0.4350 0.4152 0.3780
1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8200 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9783 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.3333 18.5000 29.000
1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6897 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6667 2.8119 2.9512 3.0845 3.2119 3.3333 3.4490 3.5590 3.6636 3.7629 3.8571 4.5714 5.0000 6.0000
/
T 2 / T1
P 02 / P 01
P 02 / P1
1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7705 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790 4.0469 5.8000
1.0000 0.9989 0.9928 0.9794 0.9582 0.9298 0.8952 0.8557 0.8127 0.7674 0.7209 0.6742 0.6281 0.5833 0.5401 0.4990 0.4601 0.4236 0.3895 0.3577 0.3283 0.1388 0.0617 0
1.8929 2.1328 2.4075 2.7136 3.0492 3.4133 3.8050 4.2238 4.6695 5.1418 5.6404 6.1654 6.7165 7.2937 7.8969 8.5261 9.1813 9.8624 10.5694 11.3022 12.0610 21.0681 32.6335
5.0 P02 / P1
P2 / P1
4.0
/
r 2 r 1
l a m r o n 3.0 e u q o h c e d s e n o 2.0 i c n u F
T 2 / T1
1.0 Ma2 P02 / P01
0 1.0
1.5
2.0 Ma1
2.5
3.0
