Organizational Behavior, 15e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 5 Personality and Values
1) According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to h is environment. A) cognitive dissonance ) heredity !) personality ") descent #) genealogy Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) &he definition of personality we most frequently frequently use was produced 'y Gordon Allport nearly ( years ago. *e said personality is +the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment.+ environment.+ age -ef$ 1 /0$ 1 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship relationship 'etween personality traits and individual individual 'ehavior 2) 3ho defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual o f those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment4 A) /eon 5estinger ) "r. 6igmund 5reud !) Gordon Allport ") A'raham 7aslow #) 8van avlov Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) &he definition of personality most frequently frequently used was produced 'y Gordon Allport nearly ( years ago. *e said that personality is +the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment.+ environment.+ age -ef$ 1 /0$ 1 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship relationship 'etween personality traits and individual individual 'ehavior ) ________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. A) &alent ) 69ill !) :nowledge ") *eredity #) ersonality Answer$ # #%planation$ #) ersonality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts interacts with others.
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age -ef$ 1 /0$ 1 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship relationship 'etween personality traits and individual individual 'ehavior ;) #sther /ugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in 7anhattan and has 'een as9ed to complete a self
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age -ef$ 1 /0$ 1 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship relationship 'etween personality traits and individual individual 'ehavior ;) #sther /ugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in 7anhattan and has 'een as9ed to complete a self
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>) 3hich of the following is a draw'ac9 of self
age -ef$ 1 /0$ 1 AA!6$ Analytic 69ills "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ Application /earning 0utcome$ "efine organizational 'ehavior and identify the varia'les associated associated with its study ) 3hich of the following terms refers to factors such as one?s 'iological, physiological, and inherent psychological ma9eup determined at conception4 A) social identity ) heredity !) 'ehavioral contagion ") self
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11) 3hich of the following does the heredity approach state4 A) An individual?s personality is determined 'y the social 'ac9ground one is 'rought up in. ) An individual?s personality is determined 'y molecular structure of the genes. !) An individual?s personality is influenced 'y the economic settings he is surrounded 'y. ") A person?s personality traits are created 'y the company he 9eeps i.e., his friends and family. #) A person?s personality traits are largely influenced 'y glo'al trends and characteristics. Answer$ #%planation$ ) *eredity refers to factors determined at conception. &he heredity approach argues that the ultimate e%planation of an individual?s personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes. age -ef$ 1; /0$ 1 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 12) &he ________ is a personality assessment consisting of 1
1;) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, people 'elonging to the ________ type are fle%i'le and spontaneous. A) thin9ing ) judging !) introverted ") sensing #) perceiving Answer$ # #%planation$ #) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, people 'elonging to the perceiving type are fle%i'le and spontaneous. 5eeling types rely on their personal values and emotions while handling pro'lems. #%traverted individuals are outgoing, socia'le, and assertive. 8ntroverts are quiet and shy. &hin9ing types use reason and logic to handle pro'lems. age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1=) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, people 'elonging to the judging type ________. A) are quiet, shy and introverted ) rely on unconscious processes !) prefer their world to 'e ordered ") are fle%i'le and spontaneous #) rely on personal values and emotions Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, people 'elonging to the judging type want control and prefer their world to 'e ordered and structured. age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1>) 3hich of the following are characteristics of the intuitive type of p eople according to the 7yers< riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification4 A) preferring routine and order and focusing on details ) outgoing, socia'le, and assertive in nature !) relying on unconscious processes and loo9ing at the overall picture ") using reason, rationality, and logic to handle pro'lems and situations #) relying on their personal values and emotions to ma9e decisions Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, people 'elonging to the intuitive type rely on unconscious processes and loo9 at the +'ig picture.+ age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept >
/earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1() #llen Athers wor9s as a communication e%ecutive at a travel house. 6he is 9nown to 'e friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to 'uild strong wor9 relationships. 6he 9nows that her rapport with her co
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1) Dalerie 6inclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invaria'ly uses rationale to ma9e decisions for project implementation. 6he 'elieves that the right decisions can 'e made only through scrutinization and analysis. #ach time she need s to ma9e a decision, she weighs all options 'efore ta9ing action. 3hich of the following is 6inclair?s personality type according to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification4 A) intuitive ) introverted !) thin9ing ") feeling #) perceiving Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, thin9ing types of people use reason and logic to handle pro'lems. age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 AA!6$ Analytic 69ills "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ Application /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 2) Am'er "owning, a human resource e%ecutive, is in charge of the recruitment process in her organization. "uring the hiring process, she often needs to coordinate with prospective employees. &he organizational process does not require her to inform employees who do not get through the selection process. *owever she 'elieves that it is rude not to give them an update. 6he thus ma9es sure that she send them e
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21) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, introvertedE intuitiveE thin9ingE judging type of people are ________. A) visionaries ) organizers !) conceptualizers ") e%ecutors #) methodists Answer$ A #%planation$ A) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, people 'elonging to the 8F&B C8ntroverted, 8ntuitive, &hin9ing, Budging) type are visionaries with original minds and great drive. &hey are s9eptical, critical, independent, determined, and often stu''orn. age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 22) eople 'elonging to the #6&B type are characterized as ________ according to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification. A) irrational ) perple%ed !) decisive ") disoriented #) emotional Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, people 'elonging to the #6&B category are organizers. &hey are realistic, logical, analytical, and decisive and have a natural head for 'usiness or mechanics. age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 2) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, the #F& type of people are most li9ely to 'e ________. A) illogical ) innovative !) intuitive ") s9eptical #) stu''orn Answer$ #%planation$ ) According to the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator C7&8) classification, the #F& type of people are conceptualizers, innovative, individualistic, versatile, and attracted to entrepreneurial ideas. 6uch 9inds of people tend to 'e resourceful in solving challenging pro'lems 'ut may neglect routine assignments.
age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 AA!6$ Analytic 69ills "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ Application /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 2;) 3hat does the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator classification of +# or 8+ stand for4 A) enthusiasticEingenious ) emotionalEimpulsive !) e%travertedEintroverted ") emotiveEillustrative #) empatheticEinnovative Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) 8n the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator, individuals are classified as e%troverted or introverted C# or 8), sensing or intuitive C6 or F), thin9ing or feeling C& or 5), and judging or perceiving C B or ). age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 2=) 3hat does the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator classification of 6 versus F stand for4 A) sensingEintuitive ) socialEperceiving !) sta'leEnegligent ") sympatheticEthin9ing #) shrewdEfeeling Answer$ A #%planation$ A) 8n the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator, individuals are classified as e%troverted or introverted C# or 8), sensing or intuitive C6 or F), thin9ing or feeling C& or 5), and judging or perceiving C B or ). age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 2>) 3hat is the major pro'lem with the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator as a measure of personality4 A) 8t has an e%cess of classifications which tends to c onfuse a person. ) 8t forces a person to 'e categorized as either one type or another. !) 8t does not have a clear demarcation 'etween different personality types. ") 8t tends to overemphasize intuitive traits over analytical traits. #) 8t indicates results related e%clusively to jo' performance. Answer$ #%planation$ ) A pro'lem with the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator is that it forces a person into one type or another. 5or instance, if one is not introverted or e%traverted, there is no in<'etween, though in reality people can 'e 'oth e%traverted and introverted to some degree. 1
age -ef$ 1> /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 2() &he ________ is a personality assessment model that taps 'asic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variation in human personality, namely e%traversion, agreea'leness, co nscientiousness, emotional sta'ility, and openness to e%perience. A) 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator ) ig 5ive 7odel !) ir9man 7ethod ") :eirsey &emperament 6orter #) 5ort rofile Answer$ #%planation$ ) &he ig 5ive 7odel is a personality assessment model that taps 'asic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variations in human personality, namely e%traversion, agreea'leness, conscientiousness, emotional sta'ility, and openness to e%perience. age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 2@) 3hich dimension of the ig 5ive model refers to an individual?s propensity to defer to others4 A) conscientiousness ) agreea'leness !) e%troversion ") openness to e%perience #) emotional sta'ility Answer$ #%planation$ ) &he agreea'leness dimension refers to an individual?s propensity to defer to others. *ighly agreea'le people are cooperative, warm, and trusting. eople who score low on agreea'leness are cold, disagreea'le, and antagonistic. age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 2) 3hich dimension of the ig 5ive model is a measure of relia'ility4 A) e%troversion ) agreea'leness !) conscientiousness ") openness to e%perience #) emotional sta'ility Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) &he conscientiousness dimension is a measure of relia'ility. A highly conscientious person is responsi'le, organized, dependa'le, and persistent. &hose who score low on this dimension are 11
easily distracted, disorganized, and unrelia'le. age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior ) According to the ig 5ive 7odel, a highly con scientious person is most li9ely to 'e ________. A) distracted, disorganized, and unrelia'le ) calm, self
/0$ "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1) According to the ig 5ive 7odel, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unrelia'le. A) low on emotional sta'ility ) low on openness to e%perience !) high on agreea'leness ") high on e%traversion #) low on conscientiousness Answer$ # #%planation$ #) According to the ig 5ive 7odel, a person who scores low on conscientiousness is easily distracted, disorganized, and unrelia'le. age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 2) 3hich of the following dimensions of the ig 5ive 7odel indicates a person?s a'ility to withstand stress4 A) emotional sta'ility ) e%troversion !) openness to e%perience ") agreea'leness #) conscientiousness Answer$ A #%planation$ A) &he emotional sta'ility dimension, often la'eled 'y its converse, neuroticism, taps a person?s a'ility to withstand stress. eople with positive emotional sta'ility tend to 'e calm, self< confident, and secure. &hose with high negative scores tend to 'e nervous, an%ious, depressed, and 12
insecure.
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age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior ) According to the ig 5ive 7odel, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty. A) emotional sta'ility ) e%troversion !) openness to e%perience ") agreea'leness #) conscientiousness Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) &he openness to e%perience dimension addresses range of interests and fascination with novelty. #%tremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive. age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior ;) 7arina /yon wor9s as a reservation e%ecutive at a travel and tourism company. &hough her jo' requires her only to efficiently 'oo9 flight tic9ets for customers, she has also opted to undergo training to learn the process of hotel reservations. 8n ad dition, every evening she reads travelogues to 'e aware of upcoming travel destinations and trends. 6he loves the industry she wor9s in and is eager to learn as much as she can. !onsidering the information given in this case, which dimension of the ig 5ive model 'est descri'es /yon?s personality 4 A) e%troversion ) agreea'leness !) conscientiousness ") openness to e%perience #) emotional sta'ility Answer$ " #%planation$ ") &he openness to e%perience dimension addresses range of interests and fascination with novelty. #%tremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive. &hose at the other end o f the openness category are conventional and find comfort in the familiar. age -ef$ 1> /0$ AA!6$ Analytic 69ills "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ Application /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior
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=) ________ is as important for managers as for front) 3hich of the following is most li9ely to 'e a draw'ac9 of highly conscientious people acco rding to the ig 5ive 7odel4 A) &hey engage in numerous ris9y 'ehaviors such as smo9ing and drin9ing. ) &hey tend to indulge in irresponsi'le 'ehavior and 'e disorganized. !) &hey do not adapt well to changing conte%ts. ") &hey focus on learning instead of performing a jo' efficiently. #) &hey emphasize e%cessively on 'eing creative. Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) According to the ig 5ive 7odel, highly conscientious people are organized and structured, and do not adapt well to changing conte%ts. &hey are generally performance oriented and have more trou'le learning comple% s9ills early in the training process 'ecause their focus is on performing well rather than on learning. age -ef$ 1( /0$ ; "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior () Among the ig 5ive 7odel traits, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, jo' satisfaction, and low stress levels. A) e%troversion ) agreea'leness !) conscientiousness ") emotional sta'ility #) openness to e%perience Answer$ " #%planation$ ") 0f the ig 5ive traits, emotional sta'ility is most strongly related to life satisfaction, jo' satisfaction, and low stress levels. &his is pro'a'ly true 'ecause high scorers are more li9ely to 'e positive and optimistic and e%perience fewer negative emotions. age -ef$ 1( /0$ ; "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept 1=
/earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior @) 3ith reference to the ig 5ive 7odel, which of the following is a difference 'etween highly agreea'le and less agreea'le people4 A) *ighly agreea'le people tend to do 'etter in interpersonally oriented jo's than less agreea'le people. ) *ighly agreea'le people are less compliant and less rule a'iding than less agreea'le people. !) *ighly agreea'le people tend to 'e less satisfied in their jo's than less agreea'le people. ") *ighly agreea'le people engage in less organization citizenship 'ehavior than less agreea'le people. #) *ighly agreea'le people have more tendency to engage in organizational deviance than less agreea'le people. Answer$ A #%planation$ A) Agreea'le individuals tend to do 'etter in interpersonally oriented jo's such as customer service. &hey also are more compliant and rule a'iding and less li9ely to engage in organizational deviance. age -ef$ 1@ /0$ ; "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior ) 3hich of the following differentiates introverts from e%traverts4 A) 8ntroverts tend to 'e happier in their jo's in comparison to e%troverts. ) 8ntroverts e%press feelings more freely compared to e%troverts. !) 8ntroverts e%perience more positive emotions than e%traverts. ") 8ntroverts are generally more assertive than e%traverts. #) 8ntroverts are less impulsive than e%traverts. Answer$ # #%planation$ #) As compared to introverts, e%traverts tend to 'e happier in their jo's and in their lives as a whole. #%traverts are more socially dominant than introverts and e%perience more positive emotions than introverts. #%traverts are also more assertive than introverts and more impulsive than introverts. age -ef$ 1@ /0$ ; "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior ;) eople scoring high on the ________ dimension of the ig 5ive 7odel are more li9ely to 'e a'sent from wor9 and engage in ris9y 'ehavior than those who score low. A) agreea'leness ) conscientiousness !) openness ") e%traversion #) emotional sta'ility Answer$ " #%planation$ ") #%traverts are more impulsive than introvertsH they are more li9ely to 'e a'sent from wor9 and engage in ris9y 'ehavior. age -ef$ 1@ /0$ ; "ifficulty$ #asy 1>
uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior ;1) ________ refers to 'ottom
of self
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=) Bohn *ardley recently joined as mar9eting director of *20, a water sports gear company. &hough in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since *ardley has joined he has turned the figures around. 8n addition to revamping the loo9 of the 'rand, he has initiated several mar9eting campaigns through 'roadcast media to increase customer 'ase for the company. *ardley has over the past > months managed to get the company to an all time high pea9 of sales. 3hich of the following statements 'est descri'es *ardley4 A) *ardley is a low self
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==) 3hich of the following statements is most li9ely to 'e true regarding p eople with proactive personalities4 A) &hey react passively to situations. ) &hey tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation. !) &hey tend to 'e selfish and e%ploitive and 'elieve others e%ist for their 'enefit. ") &hey are more li9ely than others to 'e seen as leaders. #) &hey are narcissistic in nature and require constant admiration. Answer$ " #%planation$ ") eople with proactive personalities identify opportunities, show initiative, ta9e action, persevere until meaningful change occurs. &hey create positive change in the environment regardless of constraints or o'stacles. &hey are more li9ely than others to 'e seen as leaders and to act as change agents. age -ef$ 1;2 /0$ = "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior =>) 3hich of the following is most li9ely to 'e true regarding people with a high level of other< orientation4 A) &hey feel o'ligated to help people who have helped them. ) &hey help people when they e%pect to 'e helped in the future. !) &hey tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation. ") &hey 'elieve that others e%ist for their 'enefit. #) &hey tend to 'e selfish and e%ploitive in nature. Answer$ A #%planation$ A) eople with other
=) 3hich of the following terms descri'es 'asic convictions that +a specific mode of conduct or end< state of e%istence is personally or socially prefera'le to an opposite mode of conduct+4 A) values ) attitudes !) emotions ") feelings #) traditions Answer$ A #%planation$ A) Dalues represent 'asic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values >) 3hen we ran9 an individual?s values in order of their ________, we o'tain the person?s value system. A) intensity ) content !) conte%t ") fluidity #) fle%i'ility Answer$ A #%planation$ A) A value system is defined as a hierarchy 'ased on a ran9ing of an individual?s values in terms of their intensity. age -ef$ 1;; /0$ > "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values >1) 3hich of the following is true of values 4 A) &hey are void of a judgmental element. ) &hey are invaria'ly fluid and fle%i'le in nature. !) &hey have content and intensity attri'utes. ") &hey never change irrespective of e%ternal factors. #) &hey are always esta'lished in a person?s later yea rs. Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) Dalues contain a judgmental element in that they carry an individual?s ideas as to what is right, good, or desira'le. Dalues have 'oth content and intensity attri'utes. Dalues tend to 'e relatively sta'le and enduring. A significant portion of the values we hold is esta'lished in our early years. Dalues may change, 'ut more often they are reinforced. age -ef$ 1;; /0$ > "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept 2>
/earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values >2) 7ilton -o9each created the -o9each Dalue 6urvey C-D6) which consisted of two sets of values, namely ________ values and ________ values. A) instrumentalH terminal ) fluidH sta'le !) fle%i'leH essential ") uniqueH general #) fle%i'leH enduring Answer$ A #%planation$ A) 7ilton -o9each created the -o9each Dalue 6urvey C-D6). 8t consists of two sets of values, namely, instrumental and terminal values. age -ef$ 1;= /0$ > "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values >) According to the -o9each Dalue 6urvey, ________ values refer to desira'le end "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values >;) According to the -o9each Dalue 6urvey, ________ values refer to prefera'le modes of 'ehavior. A) terminal ) critical !) instrumental ") essential #) fle%i'le Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) According to the -o9each Dalue 6urvey, instrumental values refer to prefera'le modes of 'ehavior. age -ef$ 1;= /0$ > "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values
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>=) 3hich of the following is a terminal value according to the -o9each value survey4 A) personal discipline ) self "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values >>) 3hich of the following is an instrumental value according to the -o9each value survey4 A) economic success ) social recognition !) personal discipline ") world peace #) meaning in life Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) 8nstrumental values refer to prefera'le modes of 'ehavior, or means of achieving the terminal values. ersonal discipline is an instrumental value and all other options are terminal values. age -ef$ 1;= /0$ > "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values >() 3hich of the following is true of the 'a'y 'oomer generation4 A) &hey lead lives shaped mainly 'y glo'alization. ) &hey are more questioning and entrepreneurial than the other generations. !) &hey give high importance to achievement and material success. ") &hey give the highest importance to fle%i'ility and life options. #) &hey rate highest in friendship and pleasure on the -D6. Answer$ ! #%planation$ !) oomers entered the wor9force from the mid<1>s through the mid<1@s. &hey place a great deal of emphasis on achievement and material success. &hey 'elieve that ends can justify means and wor9 hard to enjoy the fruits of la'or. age -ef$ 1;> /0$ ( "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values
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>@) Bohn *olland?s personality) 3ith reference to Bohn *olland?s personality
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age -ef$ 1; /0$ ( AA!6$ Analytic 69ills "ifficulty$ *ard uest. !ategory$ Application /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values (1) 3ith reference to Bohn *olland?s personality
() 3ith reference to the *ofstede?s framewor9, a class or caste system that discourages upward mo'ility is more li9ely to e%ist in a nation that scores ________. A) high on individualism ) low on masculinity !) high on power distance ") low on uncertainty avoidance #) high on long
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(=) 3ith reference to the *ofstede?s 5ramewor9 for Assessing !ultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framewor9 in which people e%pect others in groups of which they are a part to loo9 after them and protect them. A) uncertainty avoidance ) long) According to *ofstede?s framewor9, ________ indicates the degree to which people in a country prefer structured to unstructured situations. A) collectivism ) power distance !) long
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(() A draw'ac9 of self
@1) According to the ig 5ive 7odel, a person who scores high on the openness to e%perience dimension is conventional and finds comfort in the familiar. Answer$ 5A/6# #%planation$ According to the ig 5ive 7odel, a person who scores low on the openness to e%perience dimension tends to 'e conventional and finds comfort in the familiar. 0n the other hand, e%tremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive. age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior @2) According to the ig 5ive 7odel, the agreea'leness dimension refers to an individual?s propensity to defer to others. Answer$ &-I# #%planation$ According to the ig 5ive 7odel, the agreea'leness dimension refers to an individual?s propensity to defer to others. age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior @) &he conscientiousness dimension of the ig 5ive 7odel captures a person?s comfort level with relationships. Answer$ 5A/6# #%planation$ &he e%traversion dimension captures a person?s comfort level with relationships. age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior @;) According to the ig 5ive 7odel, a draw'ac9 of introverts is that they tend to 'e more impulsive than e%traverts and engage in ris9y 'ehavior. Answer$ 5A/6# #%planation$ According to the ig 5ive 7odel, a draw'ac9 of e%troverts is that they tend to 'e more impulsive than introverts and engage in ris9y 'ehavior such as unprotected se%, drin9ing, and other sensation
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@=) eople with positive core self
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@) An individual?s willingness to ta9e a chance affects how much time and information he or she needs to ma9e a decision. Answer$ &-I# #%planation$ eople differ in their willingness to ta9e chances, a quality that affects how much time and information they need to ma9e a decision. age -ef$ 1;1 /0$ = "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior ) eople who are more other "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "efine organizational 'ehavior and identify the varia'les associated with its study
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) 7illennials have high e%pectations, see9 meaning in their wor9, and have life goals oriented toward 'ecoming rich and famous. Answer$ &-I# #%planation$ 7illenials who are also 9nows as Generation Jers grew up during prosperous times. &hey have high e%pectations, see9 meaning in their wor9, and have life goals oriented toward 'ecoming rich and famous. age -ef$ 1;> /0$ ( "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior ;) According to Bohn *olland?s personality) According to *ofstede?s framewor9, individualism descri'es the degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distri'uted unequa lly. Answer$ 5A/6# #%planation$ According to *ofstede?s framewor9, power distance descri'es the degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distri'uted unequally. age -ef$ 1= /0$ @ AA!6$ 7ulticultural and "iversity "ifficulty$ #asy uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "efine diversity and descri'e the effects of diversity in the wor9force
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() According to *ofstede?s five value dimensions of national culture, people in a culture with long
age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 11) 3hat are the 7yers<riggs &ype 8ndicator?s categories of 8F&B, #6&B, and #F& people4 #%plain. Answer$ 8ntuitive, thin9ing, introverted, and judging people C8F&B) are visionaries with original minds and great drive. &hey are s9eptical, critical, independent, determined, and often stu''orn. #6&Bs are organizers, realistic, logical, analytical, and decisive. &hey have a natural head for 'usiness or mechanics. 0n the other hand, the #F& type of people are conceptualizers, innovative, individualistic, and attracted to entrepreneurial ideas. &hey tend to 'e resourceful in solving pro'lems 'ut may n eglect routine assignments. age -ef$ 1= /0$ 2 "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 12) riefly descri'e the five 9ey traits in the ig 5ive personality model. Answer$ &he five 9ey traits in the ig 5ive personality model are as follows$ a) #%traversion$ &he e%traversion dimension captures our comfort level with relationships. #%traverts tend to 'e gregarious, assertive, and socia'le. 8ntroverts tend to 'e reserved, timid, and quiet. ') Agreea'leness$ &he agreea'leness dimension refers to an individual?s propensity to defer to others. *ighly agreea'le people are cooperative, warm, and trusting. eople who score low on agreea'leness are cold, disagreea'le, and antagonistic. c) !onscientiousness$ &he conscientiousness dimension is a measure of relia'ility. A highly conscientious person is responsi'le, organized, dependa'le, and persistent. &hose who score low on this dimension are easily distracted, disorganized, and unrelia'le. d) #motional sta'ility$ &he emotional sta'ility dimension —often la'eled 'y its converse, neuroticism— taps a person?s a'ility to withstand stress. eople with positive emotional sta'ility tend to 'e calm, self< confident, and secure. &hose with high negative scores tend to 'e nervous, an%ious, depressed, and insecure. e) 0penness to e%perience$ &he openness to e%perience dimension addresses range of interests and fascination with novelty. #%tremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive. &hose at the other end of the openness category are conventional and find comfort in the familiar. age -ef$ 1> /0$ "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior
1) "escri'e conscientiousness and e%plain how it can predict 'ehavior at wor9. Answer$ &he ig 5ive conscientiousness dimension is a measure o f relia'ility. A highly conscientious person is responsi'le, organized, dependa'le, and persistent. &hose who score low on this dimension are easily distracted, disorganized, and unrelia'le. #mployees who score higher in conscientiousness develop higher levels of jo' 9nowledge, pro'a'ly 'ecause highly conscientious people learn more. *igher levels of jo' 9nowledge contri'ute to higher levels of jo' performance. 8t is important for managers and for front, 1( /0$ ; "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1;) Dalerie !lar9 wor9s as a campaigner at the 0ceans rotection 5oundation in Bapan. "uring campaign implementation activities, she prefers to follow structured processes and ensures her team underta9es activities in an orderly fashion. 8n addition, she ta9es responsi'ility for milestones to 'e achieved and 9ey project activities. *er colleagues and team mem'ers find that they can depend on her for support and guidance and admire her quality of never giving up on a challenge. #%plain the categories of personalities !lar9 would most li9ely fit into according to the 7yers<riggs type indicator and the ig 5ive model. Answer$ !lar9?s characteristic of preferring to follow structure and order categorizes her into the judging type of personality according to the 7yers<riggs type indicator. According to the ig 5ive 5actor 7odel, she is a highly conscientious person. &his is 'ecause she comes across as dependa'le, responsi'le, organized and persistent. *er colleagues find that she never gives up on challenges and is relia'le in nature. age -ef$ 1=, 1> /0$ 2, AA!6$ Analytic 69ills "ifficulty$ *ard uest. !ategory$ 6ynthesis /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1=) !ompare and contrast the characteristics of e%traverts with those of introverts. Answer$ #%traverts tend to 'e happier in their jo's and in their lives as a whole. &hey e%perience more positive emotions than do introverts, and they more freely e%press these feelings. &hey also tend to perform 'etter in jo's that require significant interpersonal interaction, perhaps 'ecause they have more social s9ills. &hey also tend to have more friends and spend more time in social situations than introverts. 8n addition, e%traversion is a relatively strong predictor of leadership emergence in groups. #%traverts are more socially dominant, +ta9e charge+ sorts of people, and are generally more assertive than introverts. 0ne downside of e%traversion is that e%traverts are more impulsive than introvertsH they are more li9ely to 'e a'sent from wor9 and engage in ris9y 'ehavior such as unprotected se%, drin9ing, and other impulsive or sensation
/earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1>) 7ichelle Joung, who wor9s as a sales manager at a 'an9, often has to deal with a lot of stress to meet monthly targets for her team. *owever, irrespective of stressful situations, she manages to handle pro'lems with ease and a smile on her face. *er team mem'ers are often surprised at how she deals with such situations with so much confidence. &hey 'elieve the reason she manages to 'e such a good role model of handling volatile situations is 'ecause she is co nfident of her capa'ilities and sees herself as an effective manager. "escri'e Joung?s personality in terms of the ig 5ive 7odel and core self< evaluation. Answer$ Joung?s capa'ility to withstand stress and to remain calm, self, 1 /0$ , = AA!6$ Analytic 69ills "ifficulty$ *ard uest. !ategory$ 6ynthesis /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1() ercy !ollins wor9s as a life advisor at an insurance firm and often loo9s for constant admiration from his manager every time he sells a policy. *e also feels that he is the 'est at his wor9 and no other advisor in his company has the a'ility or the s9ills to sell the amount of policies that he can. 0ften during meetings and team 'uilding e%ercises, colleagues find him rude, distant, and antagonistic. 3hat categories according to the ig 5ive 5actor 7odel and other personality traits is !ollins most li9ely to 'e characterized 'y4 Answer$ !ollins is narcissistic. &he fact that he has overconfidence in himself and loo9s for e%cessive admiration ma9es him a narcissist. Farcissists have a grandiose sense of self, 1 /0$ = AA!6$ Analytic 69ills "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ 6ynthesis /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1@) #%plain the effect of core self
age -ef$ 1 /0$ = "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 1) ercy !ollins wor9s as a life advisor at an insurance firm and often loo9s for constant admiration from his manager every time he sells a policy. *e also feels that he is the 'est at his wor9 and no other advisor in his company has the a'ility or the s9ills to sell the amount of policies that he can. 0ften during meetings and team 'uilding e%ercises, colleagues find him rude, distant, and antagonistic. 8dentify and descri'e the personality trait e%hi'ited 'y !ollins. Answer$ !ollins is narcissistic. &he fact that he has overconfidence in himself and loo9s for e%cessive admiration ma9es him a narcissist. A narcissist has a grandiose sense of self "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ !oncept /earning 0utcome$ "escri'e the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values 11;) #%plain characteristics of a proactive personality who is of the investigative type acco rding to *olland?s typology. Answer$ A person with a proactive personality identifies opportunities, shows initiative, ta9es action, and and perseveres until meaningful change occurs. &hey create changes in the environment irrespective of o'stacles or constraints. 8n addition, an investigative type o f person according to *olland?s typology prefers activities that involve thin9ing, organizing, and understanding. &he person is analytical, original, curious, and independent in nature. age -ef$ 1;2, 1; /0$ =, ( AA!6$ Analytic 69ills "ifficulty$ 7oderate uest. !ategory$ 6ynthesis /earning 0utcome$ #%plain the relationship 'etween personality traits and individual 'ehavior 11=) "iscuss Bohn *olland?s personality occupational titles. -espondents indicate which they li9e or disli9e, and their answers form personality profiles. &he personality
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