300 - General Safety

EMIRATES IN-FLIGHT SERVICES

CAB IN CREW EMERGENCY MANUAL MANUA L

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General General Safety Safety and Aviati on Secur Secur ity

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General Safety

301

General General Safety ................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ...... 1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .......................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .............................................. 1 Medical Outlets (for approved approved Medical Equipment) Equipment) .............................................................................. ................................................................................. ... 4 Pre-Flight Pre-Flight Briefings.................................................................................... Briefings................................................................................................................................... ............................................... 4 Sterile Cockpit Policy.......................................................... Policy......................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... ....... 5 Communication Communication Protocols ................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ..................................... 5 Controlled Rest On The Flight Deck ........................................................................................................ 5 Flight Deck To Cabin Crew Communication Policy ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 6 Fasten Seat Belt Policy ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................................ ............................................. 7 Passenger Cabin Baggage Baggage ....................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ............................... 9 Passenger Briefing .......................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... 9 Safety Instruction Card........................................................................................................ Card........................................................................................................................... ................... 10 Passengers Passengers With Disabilities ............................................................................................... .................................................................................................................. ................... 10 Portable Electronic Devices (PED) On Board .............................................................................. ........................................................................................ .......... 13

Reful Reful ing proc edures and fir e

302 302

Re-Fuelling Re-Fuelling With Passengers Embarking, On Board Or Disembarking ....................................................... 1 1. The Ramp Agent Agent shall ensure that........................................................................................... that...................................................................................................... ........... 1 2. The Flight Crew shall:............................................................. shall:.......................................................................................................................... ............................................................. 1 3. The Ground engineer engineer shall:................................................................................................................. shall:................................................................................................................. 1 4. The Purser Purser shall: shall: ................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. .............................................. 1 5. The Cabin Crew shall:........................................................................................................................ 2 Fire............................................................................................................................................... Fire.................................................................................. .............................................................................. ................. 3 1. Description ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Classes of fire:...................................................................................................................................... fire:...................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Fire prevention ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Cabin fire prevention ......................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ................................................. 3 3.2 Toilet fire prevention........................................................................................................................... prevention........................................................................................................................... 3 3.3 Galley fire fire prevention prevention .................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................ ...................................... 4 3.4 Smoking regulations........................................................................... regulations.......................................................................................................................... ............................................... 4 3.5 Circuit breakers breakers ...................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ........................................... 4 4. Fire fighting............................................................................................ fighting.......................................................................................................................................... .............................................. 4 5. Definition and and description of the fire fighting fighting roles ...................................................................... .............................................................................. ........ 4 5.1 The fire fighter: .................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... ................................................. 5 5.2 The back up:............................................................................................................... up:....................................................................................................................................... ........................ 5 5.3 The communicator:................................................................ communicator:............................................................................................................................. ............................................................. 5 5.4 Other cabin crew crew roles: roles: .................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ................................. 5 6. Lavatory fire and and smoke.................................................................................................... smoke...................................................................................................................... .................. 6 6.2 Hot door........................................................ door.......................................................................................................................... .................................................................................... .................. 6 7. Oven Fires.......................................................................................................................................... Fires.......................................................................................................................................... 6 7.1 Oven Smoke................................................................................................ Smoke...................................................................................................................................... ...................................... 6 8 . Hatrack Fire.................................................................................................................................. Fire........................................................................................................................................ ...... 7 9. Waste Bin Fire............................................................................................................ Fire.................................................................................................................................... ........................ 7 10. Electrical Panel/Light Fixtures Fires........................................................................................ Fires............................................................................................... ....... 7 11. Electrical Panel/Light Panel/Light Fixtures Smoke ................................................................................ .......................................................................................... .......... 7 12. Seat Fires ...................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .............................................. 7 13. Location of IFE Master Power Supplies........................................................................................... Supplies........................................................................................... 8

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14. Lithium battery battery Fires:......................................................................................................................... Fires:......................................................................................................................... 8 15. Halon fire extinguisher (kidde) ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... 9 Pre-flight Check: ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ......................................................... 9 Operation: Operation: ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... 9 16. Lavatory automatic fire extinguisher and smoke................................................................... smoke....................................................................... .... 10 17. Lavatory automatic fire extinguisher and smoke detectors....................................................... 10 18. Lavatory automatic fire extinguisher and smoke detectors....................................................... 10 19. The Puritan Smoke hood (PBE)* ................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................... ..... 11 Pre-Flight Check ..................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ........................................................... 11 Operation Operation ............................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ............................................................ 11 20. Fire protective protective gloves gloves ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ................................ 13 21. Fire/crash axe............................................................................................ axe.................................................................................................................................. ...................................... 13

Decompression

303

Decompression.............................................................................................................. Decompression............................................................................................................................................. ............................... 1 A) Slow Decompression....................................................................................................................... Decompression....................................................................................................................... 1 B) Rapid Decompression ............................................................................ ..................................................................................................................... ......................................... 1 C) Aviation Physiology Physiology ............................................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................... ............. 3

Portable Oxygen Bot tle

304 304

Portable Oxygen Bottles .......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ..................................................... 1 Pre-Flight Pre-Flight Check............................................................. Check............................................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ........ 2 Precautions Precautions While Administering Administering Oxygen ......................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ....... 2 Therapeutic Therapeutic Oxygen Administration Administration .............................................................................................. ......................................................................................................... ........... 2 Flight Deck Oxygen System (A330 / A340 – B777)................................................................................. B777) ................................................................................. 3

Turbulence

305

Turbulence..................................................................................................................... Turbulence.................................................................................................................................................... ............................... 1 Anticipated Turbulence................................................................... Turbulence............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... 1 Unanticipated Unanticipated Turbulence .................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .................................... 1 Turbulence Turbulence Management .............................................................................. ......................................................................................................................... ........................................... 2 Cabin Crew Guidelines............................................................................ Guidelines............................................................................................................................. ................................................. 3

Emergency Emergency Loos e Equipment

306 306

Emergency Emergency Equipment Equipment Pre-flight Pre-flight Check............................................... Check....................................................................................................... ........................................................ 1 Emergency Emergency Equipment Equipment ........................................................................... ............................................................................................................................ ................................................. 2 Megaphone: Megaphone: ........................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... .............................................................. 2 Emergency flashlights.......................................................................................................................... 2 Emergency Medical Kit (EMK) .......................................................................... ............................................................................................................. ................................... 3 Manual Demonstration Kit.................................................................................................................... 3 Extension / infant seatbelt.................................................................................................... seatbelt.................................................................................................................... ................ 3 ‘Car Type’ Infant Aircraft Seats ........................................................................................ ............................................................................................................ .................... 4

Emergency Emergency Landing

307 307

Emergency Emergency Landing............................................. Landing................................................................................................................. ......................................................................................... ..................... 1 A) General......................................................................................................................... General............................................................................................................................................ ................... 1 a) Aircraft Accidents Accidents .................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .................... 1 b) Chain of Command............................................................................. Command...................................................................................................................... ......................................... 1 c) Plan of Action ...................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................. ........................................ 1 d) Primary Exits ........................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .................................................... 1 e) Auxiliary Exits Exits .......................................................................... .............................................................................................................................. .................................................... 1 B) Un-Anticipated Un-Anticipated Emergency Emergency Landing................................................................................................ 2 a) During Taxiing....................................................... Taxiing....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... ....... 2 b) Rejected Take-off (RTO) ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................ 2 c) Between Take-off and Return to Field.................................................................................. Field ......................................................................................... ....... 3 d) Evacuation................................................................................................................ Evacuation........................ ........................................................................................................... ................... 3



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C) Anticipated Emergency Emergency Landing................................................................................. Landing...................................................................................................... ..................... 3 Passenger Briefing and Instructions/Cabin Preparation Preparation .......................................................................... 4 Evacuation Guidelines............................................................................... Guidelines.............................................................................................................................. ............................................... 5 Precautionary Precautionary Disembarkation Disembarkation .................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ............................... 8

Brace Positi on

308 308

Brace Positions.................................................................................... Positions............................................................................................................................................. ......................................................... 1

Survival

309

Survival.................................................................................... Survival .................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................... ..... 1 Desert Survival ................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... 1 Jungle Survival ................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... 4

Signalling

310

Signalling ...................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................ ................... 1 Rescue 406 Emergency Locator Transmitter (A330/A340-300).............................................................. (A330/A340-300).............................................................. 1 Emergency Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) - B777/A340-500 B777/A340-500 ........................................................................ 4 The Automatic Distress Transmitter (ADT 406 S).................................................................................... 6 Flares..................................................................................................... Flares........................................................................................................................................................ ................................................... 9 Signalling Mirror ....................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ..... 9 Non-Standard Non-Standard Signalling Devices .......................................................................................................... 10

Ditching

311

Ditching......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Ditching......................................................................................................................................................... a. Chain of Command............................................................................................................... Command.......................................................................................................................... ........... 1 b. Plan of Action............................................ Action................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................... .................. 1 c. Primary Exits.................................................................................................................................... Exits.................................................................................................................................... 1 d. Secondary Secondary Exits................................................................................................................ Exits............................................................................................................................... ............... 1 Anticipating Ditching.................................................................................................... Ditching................................................................................................................................. ............................. 1 Passenger Briefing and Instructions/Cabin Preparation Preparation .......................................................................... 2 Evacuation.................................................................................................................. Evacuation.......................... ...................................................................................................................... .............................. 3 Sea Survival ............................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ................................................................. ...... 4 Polar Survival ................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ....... 6

Sea Sea Surviv al Equipment

312 312

Sea Survival Equipment ............................................................................. ............................................................................................................................... .................................................. 1 Baby Survival Cot ....................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .............................................. 1 Adult Life Jackets ................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... 3 Fitting the adult life jacket to an infant or child ............................................................................ ......................................................................................... ............. 4 Supplementary Supplementary Raft Accessory Kit (SRAK) ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................. 5

Dangerous Dangerous Goods

313 313

Dangerous Dangerous goods ............................................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................................... ............................. 1 Definition .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Types of Labels ................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................ 2 Dangerous Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers Passengers or Crew .................................................................................. ..................................................................................... ... 9 1. Forbidden Forbidden goods................................................................................ goods.............................................................................................................................. .............................................. 9 2. Goods acceptable with operator approval, as checked baggage only............................................ 9 3. Goods acceptable with operator approval as carry-on baggage only........................................... 13 4. Goods acceptable with operator approval as baggage baggage ................................................................. 13 5. Goods acceptable without the operator's approval ....................................................................... 15 6. Dangerous Dangerous Goods in Operator’s Property ..................................................................................... 21 7. Dangerous Dangerous goods emergency emergency response kit .................................................................................. .................................................................................... 22 8. Dangerous Dangerous goods emergency response procedures procedures .................................................................... 22

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9. In case of fire ........................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................. ......................................... 22 22 10. Dealing with spillage or leakage................................................................... leakage..................................................................................................... .................................. 22 11. Upon arrival........................................................................ arrival .................................................................................................................................... ............................................................ 23

AVIATION SECURITY.............................................................................................................. SECURITY.................................................................................................................................. .................... 1

Sabotage Sabotage and Bomb Threats Threats

314 314

Sabotage/Bomb Sabotage/Bomb Threats.................................................... Threats......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ...... 2 1. 2. 3.

Bomb Threat in-flight ...................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ................................. 2 Red Warning basic procedures ................................................................................. ....................................................................................................... ...................... 2 Suspicious article discovered in-flight – cabin crew actions............................................................ 4

Disrupt ive Passengers Passengers

315 315

Disruptive Behaviour ....................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ............................................. 1 1. Objective.......................................................................................................................................... Objective......................................................................................... ................................................. 1 2. Definition.......................................................................................................................................... Definition...................................................................................................... .................................... 1 3. Types of Behaviour............................................................................................................. Behaviour.......................................................................................................................... ............. 1 4. Conflict management and resolution............................................................................................. resolution............................................................................................... .. 3 5. Refusal of carriage / Offloading Offloading ..................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... .................. 4 6. Police assistance and baggage....................................................................................................... baggage....................................................................................................... 4 7. Support .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................ .......................................................... 5 8. Reporting ...................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ................................................... 5 9. Restraining an endangering endangering passenger .......................................................................................... 6 13. Court proceedings proceedings............................................................................. .......................................................................................................................... ............................................. 16

Hijacking

316

Hijacking .................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................... .... 1 1. Emirates Policy ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................... 1 2. Cabin Crew Reactions ............................................................................. ..................................................................................................................... ........................................ 1 3. Intimidation Phase ........................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ................................................ 1 4. Custodial Phase .............................................................................................................................. 1 5. Resolution Phase ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................ ...................................... 2

Securi Securi ty Mesures Mesures

317 317

Security Measures ...................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ .................................................. 1 1. Emirates ID ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ................................................ 1 2. Controlling Access to the Aircraft ............................................................................................. .................................................................................................... ....... 1 3. Security checks................................................... checks....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................. ......... 1 3.1 Pre-Flight Security Check ........................................................................................................... 2 3.6 Transit Stops with Passengers On Board ................................................................................... 4 3.7 Transit Stops with a change of crew ........................................................................................ ........................................................................................... ... 4 3.8 Transit Stops where all passengers disembark disembark .......................................................................... 4 3.11 Post-Arrival Post-Arrival Security Check ....................................................................................................... 4 4. Flight Deck Security ................................................................................. ......................................................................................................................... ........................................ 5 6. Crew baggage security ...................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .............................. 7 7. Carriage of weapons, firearms and ammunition.............................................................................. ammunition.............................................................................. 7 9. U.S.A. Flights security regulations................................................................................................... regulations................................................................................................... 8 10. Checklists in Flight Deck ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................. .......................... 8 11. Voluntary off loading...................................................................................... loading.................................................................................................................... .............................. 9



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CAB IN CREW EMERGENCY MANUAL

Request by passenger to return to boarding gate.................................................................................... 9

Cabin Crew Safety check lis t

318

Cabin crew safety duties checklist ........................................................................................................... 3 Pre-flight duties .................................................................................................................................... 3 In-flight duties....................................................................................................................................... 4 Pre-landing duties ................................................................................................................................ 5 Post-landing duties .............................................................................................................................. 6 Opening of cabin doors ............................................................................................................................ 7 1. Operator: ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Aircraft doors – snow/ice condition ...................................................................................................... 7 External aircraft door closing policy (DXB only)................................................................................... 8 Crew Baggage.......................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Security ....................................................................................................................................... 9 3. Baggage Tags & check in ........................................................................................................... 9

Cabin Ready proc edures

319

Cabin Ready Procedure ............................................................................................................................... 1 Taxi for Take-off ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Turbulence (During Flight) ....................................................................................................................... 1 Landing..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Cabin crew signal clearances to cockpit .................................................................................................. 2 Cabin ready/cabin secured ...................................................................................................................... 2

MEL

320

Despatch of aircraft....................................................................................................................................... 1 Despatch of aircraft with one or more required........................................................................................ 1 cabin crew seats inoperative or unusable ................................................................................................ 1 Conditions ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Despatch of aircraft with one or more lavatory ........................................................................................ 1 smoke detection system inoperative ........................................................................................................ 1 Conditions ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Thermal Curtain Safety Procedures......................................................................................................... 2 Pre-Flight Check .................................................................................................................................. 2

Cabin Crew Emergency Vest

321

Cabin Crew Emergency Vests...................................................................................................................... 1 Location.................................................................................................................................................... 1 Quantity .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Pre-flight Check........................................................................................................................................ 1

Potabbl e water

322

Potable water ................................................................................................................................................ 1

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General Safety Introduction Flight Safety involves Airworthiness of the aircraft, Pilot skill, navigation aids, landing and take-off facilities, effect of adverse weather conditions, fire, a number of other factors and last but not the least, the constant AL ERTNESS, COMPETENCY, and LEADERSHIP of the Cabin Crew Members on the aircraft. Crew Resources Management (CRM) is vitally important to Flight Safety. It comprises effective two way communication among the Crew Members, both Flight Crew and Cabin Crew, together with interactive co-ordination of their roles and activities to achieve the highest level of team spirit, team-work and problem solving. Each emergency situation is an incident by itself. No safety instructions or procedures can cover all possible types of emergency situations or accidents. Therefore, Cabin Crew Members attitude before, during and after an emergency must be motivated by initiative, good judgement and thorough knowledge of Safety Equipment and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). SAFETY PRECAUTIONS a) Abnormalities Inform the Captain immediately about anything that you may observe, hear or feel might become a hazardous situation with regards to either the passengers or the aircraft, i.e. unusual passenger behaviour, fire, smoke, unusual vibrations, etc. The report must be communicated in a calm and professional tone of voice. The details must be factual and accurate. b) Engines When walking at the tarmac, avoid aircraft engine in-take and exhaust areas. Engine Tailpipe Fire: Sometimes an engine may exhaust fire and smoke upon starting. This situation is controlled from the cockpit. However, when the engine tailpipe fire is observed: calm and assure passengers and advise Captain c) Lighting 1. Cabin lighting should be reduced for take-off and landing to assist night vision. d) Passengers Disembarking wit h Over-heated Tyre Direct passengers disembarking from the forward doors towards the nose and away and the passengers disembarking from the rear doors towards the tail and away. e) Passengers Safety Checks Before Take-off/Landing 1. Passengers are seated with seat belt on. 2. Babies/infants may be held on the adult lap provided they are not placed under the adult seat belt. Passengers may also use an Extension/Infant seat belt which can be provided. If a passenger elects to use an adjacent passenger seat, (that has been booked for this purpose), the baby/infant must be placed in an aircraft approved car seat. 3. Seat backs in the upright position, tray tables and foot rests are stowed.


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NOTE: All seat rows: - B777-200, all classes : 26 C, H - B777-200, 2 class configuration: 7 B, J - B777-300, all classes: 21 C, H - B777-300, 2 class configuration: 7 B, J Must be locked in upright position when Seat Belt sign is ON, and unlocked after take off when the sign i s OFF. On the A330, the recline lock system has a single lever installed on inboard leg of double seat assemblies 38AB and 38JK which will simultaneously operate the recline lock mechanism of both the seats. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Ensure armrests are in the down position. Be vigilant of passengers travelling with children and make then aware of the potential risk to children of the arm rest movement. Ensure PVS in armrest is secured (where fitted) and all EK handsets are properly stowed All window blinds are opened. Wake up sleeping passengers. Hand baggage is securely stowed under the seat or in the overhead/hatrack stowage compartments. Ensure overhead stowage’s are properly closed and locked.. All galleys are secured and electrical switches are off. All drop down panels (B777) and galley curtains are secured open. All doghouses/floor stowage’s are secured. Aisles, cross aisles and exits are clear of hazards i.e. passenger baggage and debris. TTL green light is illuminated in the first class mini suit and business class pod seats. Electronic devices (PED) switched off

f) Passengers Seating Emergency exits must be readily available and the aisles must be free of any obstruction for quick evacuation in the event of an emergency. All catering supplies, pillows, blankets, newspaper etc., are to be securely stowed in approved areas for take-off and landing and, similarly, crew effects. Particular care must be exercised to ensure that doors and exits, including operating handles, are not obstructed. The following passengers should not be seated in the outboard seats where emergency exits are located (Airbus 330/340 AB & JK, Boeing 777 ABC & HJK): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Passengers with mobility impairment, visually and hearing impairment Elderly or frail persons Children or infants whether accompanied or not Deportees or prisoners in custody Obese persons Passengers using the Portable Oxygen Concentrator (POC)

Note: Ensure that the number of occupants in each row of seats, including infants, does not exceed the number of O2 masks above the row, as indicated in each aircraft type.

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g) Overhead / Hatrack stow age comp artments Observe stowage bins weight limit as indicated inside of bin.

h) Laptop Chargers in Galley areas: These chargers are powered only when the laptop is plugged in. i) PVS It can be used during transit stops. Be vigilant of restrictions to an orderly evacuation due to mislaid head sets and extended PVS arm. j) Win dow B li nd s Cabin crew are to ensure that all window blinds are opened for take off and landing. In case of window blinds electrical failure with blinds in closed position and in the absence of manual over-ride, they are acceptable for take off and landing. k) Water Suppl y Shut-Off Valves  All wet galleys are equipped with individual water shut-off valves.  All lavatories are equipped with individual water shut off valves, located:  Airbus 330/340-500: underneath the sink  Airbus 340-300: at the lower side of the toilet bowl.  Boeing 777-200 and 777-300: behind the mirror or behind the paper cup dispenser In case of a water leak and the individual water shut-off valve is not effective, the Isolation Water Supply Shut-off Valve of the respective area must be operated. They are located as follows: B777 FWD isolation valve is located above L2 door, shuts off the water supply forward of L2 door. AFT isolation valve is located: B777-200:Above L4 door, shuts off the water supply forward of L4 door, except the aft the galley On LR, push the Water System OFF button located on L4 CSP, this shuts the water supply off forward of L4 including the aft galley B777-300:Above L5 door, shuts off the water supply forward of L5 door, except the aft galley On ULR, push the Water System OFF button located on L5 CSP, this shuts the water supply off forward of L5 including the aft galley Note: “Main Shut Off Valve” in the B777 galleys is for maintenance only .

A330/A340 Not available. l) Tripped Circui t Breakers (CB) on all aircraft Re-setting of tripped cabin circuit breakers in-flight is prohibited on all aircraft. m) Wing contamination Cabin crew are required to report to the Captain any concerns they may have regarding snow or other wing contamination. In addition, it is vital that Cabin Crew advise the Captain of any passenger reports of this nature.


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Medical Outlets (for appr oved Medical Equip ment) A330 A340

-

B777-200

-

B777-300

-

115 V 400 Hz forward of door L4 and door R4. 110 V 60 Hz on the lower side wall panel forward of door L4 and door R4. 115 V 60 Hz, two dual outlets: (2 class): - One in vicinity of seat rows 12/14 HJK. - One in vicinity of seat rows 35/36 HJK. (3 class): - One in vicinity of seat rows 12/16 HJK. - One in vicinity of seat rows 36/37 HJK. 115 V 60 Hz, three dual outlets: (2 class): - One in vicinity of seat rows 16/17 HJK. - One in vicinity of seat rows 29/30 HJK. - One in vicinity of seat rows 44/45 HJK. (3 class): - One in vicinity of seat rows 16/17 HJK. - One in vicinity of seat rows 29/31 HJK. - One in vicinity of seat rows 45/46 HJK.

Pre-Flight Briefings Cabin Crew must be provided a safety briefing prior to the commencement of any flight and, on multi-sector flights, after each full rest period. The briefing, shall be provided in areas dedicated to such activity and afford privacy to the degree practicable. The briefing should include the following: a) Availability of copies of the Cabin Crew Emergency Manual and current safety bulletins; b) Cabin Crew present should be required to answer satisfactorily at least one question on aircraft safety (emergency drills, safety equipment location and usage) or one on first aid, prior to commencement of a flight and when/as practicable following multi-sector rest periods; c) Allocation of Cabin Crew to specific seats in the passenger cabin, where applicable, to take due account of the requirement that no passenger cabin area is without a Cabin Crew experienced in the conduct of safety-related duties; d) Safety "reminders" that address any recent changes to safety-related issues or any continuing problem areas; e) Action to be taken by the Purser, if it should become apparent that any Cabin Crew displays inadequate knowledge of safety-related matters: 1. If the Cabin Crew was vague, but demonstrated that he/she just needed refreshing, he/she should be allocated to an "A" position and a report to be raised at the end of the flight. 2. If the Cabin Crew did not know the SEP drill or First Aid technique, he/she should be offloaded and a report be raised about his/her lack of knowledge.


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Sterile Flight Deck policy

The sterile Flight Deck policy shall be adopted by the Cabin Crew during the busy phases of the flight in order to prevent any interruption or distraction to the flight crew workflow. The sterile fligh t deck ph ase Departure: From final aircraft door closure until the time the seat belt sign is switched off after take off or until such time that Cabin Crew are released for duties. Arrival: From the time the seat belt sign is switched on for decent until the first aircraft door is opened at the arrival gate Communication Protocols duri ng the sterile flight deck phase During the sterile flight deck phase, cabin to flight deck communication should be only for an abnormal / emergency situation. In the event of an abnormal/emergency situation the interphone should be the primary means of communication during the sterile flight deck phase. Entry into the flight deck during the sterile flight deck phase is not permitted, except when Cabin Crew are requested to enter by the operating flight crew for safety related issues. If an initial emergency call to the Flight Crew is unanswered during sterile flight deck phase, Cabin Crew must contact the Purser. As it is not possible to describe every abnormal situation or unforeseen passenger situation that may arise, Cabin Crew are to use their judgment when making a decision to contact the flight deck during this phase. Critical Phases of the fl ight: • •

Take Off phase - From the start of the take-off roll, until the gear retracts. Landing phase - From the extension of the landing gear, until the aircraft vacates the active runway.


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Communication Protocol duri ng criti cal phase: During the critical phase of flight, cabin crew including the PUR and SFS, should only contact the flight deck in the event of an emergency that could negatively impact the safety of the flight. This communication would only occur with the use of the interphone. General commu nic ation pr oto col betw een Flight Crew and Cabin Crew

1. In order to avoid any misunderstanding, at all times communications between Flight Crew and Cabin Crew shall be in English.

2. Prior to passengers boarding Cabin Crew are to ensure interruption to the Flight Crew work flow is kept to a minimum. Flight Crew briefing and reading of the checklist is not to be interrupted.

3. After take-off the flight deck will initiate the first communication with the cabin crew after the sterile flight deck period. The Purser is required to note the time cabin crew are released for duties. If no communication has been received from the flight deck within 20 minutes of being released, the Purser is required to establish contact. 4. In order to reduce the number of times the flight deck door is opened in flight, Flight Crew and Cabin Crew are required to use the interphone for drinks/meal requests. 5. Any emergency situation that impacts flight safety should be communicated to the Flight Crew as soon as possible by the Cabin Crew using all available means of communication 6. The Purser or their delegate is responsible for monitoring the periodic checking of the Flight Crew by Cabin Crew. The captain will advise the Purser of the time intervals and how the communication will take place.


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Sterile Cabin policy The sterile cabin is intended to remove distractions among cabin crew members during the take off and landing phases of flight. The sterile cabin does not override the importance of the sterile flight deck policy. Take off Sterile cabin period commences “ cabin crew prepare for take off” PA until the landing gear has been retracted. Landing Sterile cabin period commences when from “ cabin crew prepare for landing” PA to until the aircraft vacates the runway. The following applies during the sterile cabin period: • • •

Conversation and movement shall be restricted to safety related issues only. Cabin interphone calls shall be limited to safety related issues only. Cabin Crew members shall perform their 30 second mental review (A.L.E.R.T).

Controlled rest on the flight deck for flight cr ew

Controlled rest on the flight deck is one of a number of measures that can be taken to counter the effects of tiredness resulting from sleep disturbance and circadian disruption. Its use has been shown to significantly increase levels of alertness during the later phases of flight. Controlled rest means a period of time ‘off task’ some of which may include actual sleep. Controlled rest may be used at the discretion of the Commander to manageboth sudden unexpected fatigue and fatigue which is expected to become more severe during higher workload periods later in the flight. It cannot be planned before flight. Procedure for Cabin Crew To minimise controlled rest interruptions, the flight crew will contact the Purser or Cabin Crew via the interphone to inform them that the controlled rest period will now begin. The controlled rest period should not normally exceed 40 minutes to avoid sleep inertia on wakening. When contacted by the flight crew, the designated Crew member must confirm the exact time that the flight crew will be called at the end of this rest period. Flight crew must not be contacted during the controlled rest period unless of an emergency situation


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Regular checks on f light deck Outside the controlled rest periods, Cabin crew must contact the flight deck at regular intervals. The interphone call can be conducted by the Purser or their delegate. Flight deck to cabin crew communic ation policy Af ter tak e of f Flight Crew may use the interphone to call any or all Cabin Crew members at any time. “ Cabin Crew Cleared For Duties” ; this interphone call may be made after departure to advise Cabin Crew they may leave their seats and commence cabin duties, the call is: • • •

Performed no earlier than completion of the After Takeoff Check “To the Line” Permitted only if likely turbulence in the climb below 10,000ft above ground level judged by the Captain to be light or less. Not required if the seatbelt signs have already been switched OFF following departure.

In-flight • •

•

The policy of cabin crew periodically, monitoring the flight deck is done by periodic intercom communications between flight deck and cabin crew and vice versa. Once the flight deck door is locked, the interphone is the primary means of communication between flight deck and cabin. Where relief is needed, PA system or the interphone system is unserviceable; crew must request access to the flight deck using the keypads. Cockpit crew will need to verify identity by using the camera system, before allowing entry. If the Seat Belt signs are switched ON during cruise due to turbulence, there should be communication between the Captain and Purser as to what level of cabin service is appropriate.

Top of descent The Captain shall inform the Purser, via interphone or personally, when twenty minutes remain to Top of Descent. Note: No policy can cover every possible scenario. Should standard procedures not satisfy communication requirements, crews are expected to use judgment and additional communications to ensure safety at all times.


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Cabin Crew t o th e Flig ht Deck •

• •

The Purser, the Senior Cabin Crew Member, or the closest Cabin Crew Member, will come to the flight deck in response to a call on the Purser Call signal from the Captain. During en-route flight, the Cabin Crew may enter the cockpit with prior permission from the Captain. The Purser will ensure that the reports to the Flight Crew do not interfere with a cockpit briefing etc.

Fasten seat belt po lic y The “ Fasten Seat Belts” sign must be on: 1. During taxiing. 2. Any period of flight below 10,000 ft. above airport level (AAL). 3. At or below 20,000 ft. AAL when on descent. However, should holding or any other form of arrival delay be anticipated, the switching on of the sign may be delayed. 4. During flight in turbulent air, or at any time turbulence is expected. 5. During any other circumstances which warrant the use of seat belts. Use of seat belts / harnesses b y Crew and passengers Crew During take off and landing , and whenever the Captain considers it necessary in the interests of safety (e.g. during turbulence or under other abnormal conditions), Cabin Crew members must be seated on their assigned jump seats fully secured by means of seat belt and shoulder harnesses. Passengers Passengers must use their seat belts when the “Fasten Seat Belt” sign is illuminated. The seat belt must be fastened tight and low. When no automatic announcement is available, a “Fasten Seat Belt “PA should be made.


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Cabin Service and Commu nicati on The following guidance is applicable to Cabin Service: 1.

Unless an emergency exists, Cabin Crew are not to leave their seats following departure until either the “Cabin Crew Cleared For Duties” call has been received on cabin intercom or the Seatbelt signs have been extinguished. The call is only to be made at the Captain’s discretion after departure, if necessary to release Cabin Crew for their in-flight duties with the “Seat Belt” sign still ON.

2.

Cabin Crew will normally remain seated until 10,000ft above ground level. If the flight time above 10,000ft will be insufficient for completion of required cabin services, the Captain may release the Cabin Crew below this height under conditions described above.

3.

Unless otherwise informed by the captain, the purser is permitted to initiate cabin service after: The Seat Belt Sign has been switched OFF following take off, or, “Cabin Crew Cleared fo r Duti es” intercom call from the flight Crew has been received

4.

If the Seatbelt signs are switched ON during cruise due to turbulence, there should be communication between the Captain and Purser as to what level of cabin service movement is appropriate.

5.

Hot liquids may be served with the Seat Belt Sign ON at the discretion of the Purser, unless the Captain has briefed her/him otherwise.

6.

The captain should provide the purser with a recommendation regarding the suspension of cabin service and an estimate of the severity and duration of the turbulence, food and drink service shall be minimal or stopped.

7.

If moderate or greater turbulence is anticipated or experienced, the Captain shall inform the Purser to cease all cabin service, have service carts stowed and Cabin Crew take their seats. If such turbulence is imminent, the Captain may advise Cabin Crew directly via the following PA announcement: “ Cabin Crew Take Your Seats”.

8.

The Purser shall be informed via interphone or personally by flight deck crew, when 20 minutes remain to top of descent.

Cabin Service Carts All cabin service carts are equipped with braking devices which are regularly checked and maintained by engineering. Catering Staff, while loading the carts/trolleys into their designated stowage on board, shall ensure that the brakes are serviceable. During fligh t, cabin crew must not leave the service carts/trolleys unattended in the aisles unless the brakes are engaged .


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Passenger Cabin Baggage a)

Passenger cabin baggage may only be stowed in the following approved stowage locations: 1. Overhead stowage bins. Do not exceed the weight limits indicated inside of the bin. 2. Under seat stowage, provided the baggage fits under the seat. 3. Evacuation routes must be kept clear and uninterrupted.

b)

Refer over-size, over-weight or not safely storable baggage to ground staff.Cabin baggage allowance is described in Emirates time table.

c)

Baggage must not be stowed: 1. In toilets. 2. Immediately forward or aft of bulkheads. 3. In such a manner that it impedes access to emergency equipment.

d)

Limited permission, at the discretion of the Captain, may be granted for some items of accompanied baggage in the cabin which could not normally be stowed in approved stowage spaces, such as musical instruments, valuables and diplomatic bags and non battery operated wheelchairs. The conditions of carriage are covered in the Passenger Service Manual and the Cabin Crew Manual. However this must be adequately secured, to prevent it from moving in an accident.

Passenger Briefing A pre-departure passenger safety briefing must be given to cover the following features either by video or demonstration: a) Seat belts operation and use. b) Life jacket operation when required and availability of infant life jackets and floatation survival cots. c) Operation of drop-out oxygen masks. d) Physical indication of the location of emergency exits, including any unserviceable exit, in which case passengers should be advised that they are not available and that their use will be at the direction of the crew. e) Smoking restrictions. f) Location of floor path lighting. g) Reference to Safety Instruction Cards and the instructions for operating the emergency exits on the aircraft. h) Individual safety briefing must be given to handicapped passengers.


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Safety Instruction Card Cabin crew must ensure that a safety instructions card is available in each passenger seat pocket. Passengers with Disabilities General Passengers with disabilities are categorised and are subdivided into the following groups: 1.

Ambu latory Passengers: Are able to reach an emergency exit during an evacuation, without assistance.

2. Non Ambu latory Passengers: • • •

Requires assistance in order to reach an emergency exit during an evacuation. A non- ambulatory passenger is one who is not able to board and deplane from an aircraft unassisted. Not able to move about the aircraft unassisted.

A n on -amb ul ato ry pas senger may tr avel alo ne excep t i n t he f ol lo wi ng circumstance; •

Cannot feed themselves or manage their own bodily functions in the lavatories. An accompanying able bodied person/attendant must be provided.

.The general co ndition s of carriage for passengers with disabilities /Persons of reduced Mobil ity (PRM) are as follow :

1. The Captain and Purser will be advised of the details and conditions associated with the carriage of each PRM; 2. PRM passengers shall not be allocated, or occupy seats, where their presence could impede the crew in the conduct of their duties, obstruct access to emergency equipment, or impedean emergency evacuation. Non US acceptance cr iteri a. For those passengers that require medical clearance, Emirates Medical Services decide whether or not to approve travel and will specify the conditions under which the passenger will be accepted, including any special handling arrangements. Certificates of fitness to travel by air issued by private doctors or government hospitals do not constitute approval to travel on an Emirates flight.


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US Acceptance Criteria (to, from or t ransit ing t he US) 1. DOT regulations (14 CFR Part 382) mandate that a commercial air operator shall carry passengers with disabilities on a non-discriminatory basis, from a point within US territory to a point outside US territory and vice versa. 2. A certificate of fitness to travel by air issued by a private doctor or government hospitals does constitute approval to travel on an Emirates flight that originates, terminates or transits the US. 3. The regulations mandate that each carrier designate a Complaints Resolution Officer (CRO) who are individuals trained to be experts in ensuring that Emirates personnel correctly implement the provisions of the Part 382 regulations. 4. The CRO’s have the authority to direct Emirates personnel (except the Captain with respect to safety matters) to take actions to resolve problems as quickly as possible before a violation occurs. 5. The Captain shall not refuse carriage once the passenger with a disability has been accepted, except on the grounds of safety. If a passenger is refused carriage, the Commander shall submit a written report justifying the offloading of the passenger. Onboard handli ng - Disabled Passengers and Perso ns of Reduced Mobil ity 1. Passengers able to reach an emergency exit without assistance shall be seated in aisle seats. Such seats should be near the floor type emergency exits/doors but not in the seat blocks immediately adjacent to exits/doors. 2. Two non-ambulatory passengers shall not be seated directly across the aisle from each other.

Individual Non-Ambulatory Passengers with a Disabilit y Cabin Crew are considered to be able to care for comfort, safety and assistance in an emergency. Multiple Non-Ambulatory Passengers with Disabiliti es including Groups

1. For each individual trip, the number of non-ambulatory passengers with disabilities to be carried should be communicated to the crew prior to boarding. The maximum number permitted as well as the provision of extra able bodied persons/attendants, including seating arrangements, must be determined after evaluating all safety considerations.

2. Any required accompanying able-bodied persons/attendants in addition to the standard Cabin Crew will be responsible for the passengers comfort, as well as their safety and assistance during emergency evacuation.


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3. Where appropriate, groups will be subdivided into smaller groups (depending on the aircraft type) and shall be seated in areas specifically designated for the purpose. Further information is available in the Passenger Services Manual. Evacuation Procedures

1. Cabin Crew are responsible for the evacuation of all passengers able to reach the emergency exits without assistance.

2.

Passengers requiring assistance will be evacuated by their escorts, Cabin/Flight Crew, and able-bodied passengers, depending on the situation.

Pre-flight Briefing – Visually Impaired Passenger without Escort As soon as the passenger passenger is seated and when appropriate, appropriate, a pre-flight safety briefing must be provided, one-on-one. 1. Seatbelt: 2. PSU & O2 Mask: Mask :

Fasten and unfasten seatbelt. Pull mask and place it over nose and mouth.

3. Nearest Nearest Emergency Exit: Exit : The number of seat seat rows to the the exit, exit, the direction to reach it and the surroundings of the exit. At t endant end ant /Esc or t A passenger with a disability disability is only required to travel with an attendant/Escort in specific circumstances, some of which include: 1.

A person travelling on a stretcher or in an incubator;

2.

A person person who, because of a mental disability, disability, is unable to comprehend comprehend or respond appropriately to safety instructions from cabin crew,

3.

A person with a mobility impairment so severe that the individual is unable to assist in his or her own evacuation from the aircraft,

4.

A person person who has both severe severe hearing hearing and severe vision vision impairments, impairments, which prevent him or her from receiving and acting on necessary instructions from cabin crew when evacuating the aircraft during an emergency.

Note: Refrain from using the words “Deaf” for a hearing impaired passenger, “Blind” for a visually impaired passenger and “Dumb” “ Dumb” for a speech impaired passenger.


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Service/ Support Animals A service/support animal (not considered considered as a pet) is an animal trained to assist assist an individual with a disability. Service/support animals such as seeing – eye dogs are trained to assist the visually and /or hearing impaired passengers. Service/S Service/Support upport animals animals w ill only be accepte accepted d on services to and f rom North Am eri ca and an d f ro m th e EU on l y, provided 48 hours advance notice has been given to Emirates. A service/support animal may be seated with a passenger with disabilities in the aircraft cabin, if the animal can be accommodated without obstructing the main cabin aisle or emergency exit row. A maximum of one guide dog is permitted permitted to travel in the cabin at any given time. Cabin crew are not required to provide care, food or special facilities for the service/support animals. The care and supervision of these animals is solely the responsibility of the passenger with a disability whom the animal accompanying.


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Portable Electron ic Devices Devices (PED (PED)) On Board 1. Electroni c Devices Devices When on board an aircraft, passengers and crew may not use any portable electronic device that can adversely affect the t he performance of the aircraft’s systems and equipment. The Commander must require the switching-off/deactivation of any PED if he believes it could adversely affect the performance of aircraft systems or equipment.

1.1. Prohibited Electronic Devices The following devices that generate or operate via radio frequency signals must be switched off from when the cabin doors are closed on departure until the cabin doors are opened on arrival: 1.1.1. 1.1.2. 1.1.3. 1.1.4. 1.1.5.

AM/FM radios. VHF scanner receivers. Portable television sets. Radio controlled toys. Two way transmitters such as walkie talkies, amateur amateur radios, citizen citizen band band radios (CB), 49MHz transmitters etc.

1.2. Restricted Electronic Devices The following devices shall be switched off below 10000 ft Above Airport Level (AAL) on departure and below 20000 ft AAL on descent (the critical phases of flight) 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8 1.2.8

Personal computers/Organisers. Computer Games. CD, VCD, DVD players. Digital cassette tape recorders/players. Video recorder/Playback systems. MP3 players. Global Positioning System (GPS). Mobile Mobi le Phones

Mobile phones must be switched off from engine start on departure until vacating the active runway after landing. The purser must determine when the aircraft is clear of the landing runway and then make a PA to permit the use of mobile phones. On aircrafts equipped with Aero Mobile system, mobile phone/device use is permitted on selected routes above 20 000 feet. Please refer to the CMT where a sticker will appear notifying crew whether the aircraft they are operating is so equipped. Where this notice appears the operating Purser should refer to the Aero mobile booklet which outlines operating procedures.


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1.3. 1.3. Electro Electro nic Devices Devices wit hout Operating Operating Restricti ons The following devices may be operated at any time: 1.3.1 Emirates onboard installed equipment (handsets and and deployable monitors must be stowed for takeoff and landing). 1.3.2 Personal medical devices - e.g. hearing hearing aids, heart pace pace makers, personal personal life support systems and electronic nerve simulators. 1.3.3 Electronic watches. 1.3.4 Electric shavers.

1.4. PED Interference Report If interference to aircraft operation occurs and PED use is suspected as a cause, an entry shall be recorded in the Technical Log and an Air Safety Report filed detailing the following: 1.4.1 Aircraft System(s) affected and nature of interference. interference. 1.4.2 Phase of Flight Flight and time the the problem problem occurred. occurred. 1.4.3 Full description description of the device including brand & serial serial number number and and any any peripherals attached. 1.4.4 Seat number number or location of of this device on the aircraft. 1.4.5 If possible, possible, a Polaroid photograph of the PED. 1.5. 1.5. Passenger Passenger Entertain Entertain ment System System The Passenger Entertainment System (PES) has been designed to operate safely and the certification authorities do not limit or restrict PES operation to any phase of aircraft operation. Operation of the PES does not produce any sparks or high energy radiation and uses less electrical power than cabin lighting. PES may be used on the ground during transit whenever transit passengers are on board, including during refuelling. 1.6. 1.6. Electroni c Cigarettes (E-C (E-Cigarettes) igarettes) The use of e-cigarettes is strictly prohibited onboard the aircraft. 2.

Forward Forw ard Facing Cameras The Forward Facing Camera should normally remain switched ON at all times. When operational circumstances require the camera to be switched off the reasons must be recorded in the Captain’s Voyage Report.


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Re-Fuelling With Passengers Embarking , On Board Or Disembarkin g Additional precautions must be taken to ensure passenger safety and rapid egress in the event of a fire or significant fuel spillage. These precautions involve the ramp agent, the engineer (a qualified ground crew), the Cabin Crew and the Flight Crew. • At

least TWO passenger cabin doors on the main deck shall be designated and made available for a possible passenger evacuation.

•

The designated doors shall be selected by the Flight Crew in liaison with the Cabin Crew.

1. The Ramp Agent shall ensure that: 1.1 At least one flight crew member, the cabin crew and a ground engineer are at their stations; 1.2 The ground areas beneath the doors designated for evacuation are kept clear; 1.3 Where necessary, permission for re-fuelling when passengers are on board, embarking or disembarking has been obtained from the airport authority; 1.4 Passenger boarding or disembarkation is carried out in a controlled manner; 1.5 When aircraft steps are in use, that passengers moved to and from the steps are escorted clear of the re-fuelling zone. 2. The Flight Crew shall: 2.1 Establish communication with the Ground Engineer by a means that remains available during refuelling; 2.2 Inform Cabin Crew of the commencement and completion of fuelling, and indicate that fuelling has been completed by illuminating the Fasten Seat Belt sign; 2.3 Listen for a possible fire, or spillage warning from the Ground Engineer or Cabin Crew; 2.4 Be prepared to initiate passenger evacuation, if necessary. 3. The Ground engineer shall: 3.1 Establish communication with the Flight Crew by a means that remains available during re-fuelling; 3.2 Inform Flight Crew of the commencement and completion of fuelling; 3.3 Alert Flight Crew if a fire or spillage occurs. 4. The Purser shall: 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

Inform the Ramp Agent of the doors designated for evacuation; Inform the Cabin Crew of the doors designated for evacuation; Inform the Captain when boarding has commenced. Ensure that the cabin lights are set to 100% brightness.


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5. The Cabin Crew shall : 5.1 Warn passengers not to smoke ( NO SMOKING sign must be ON); 5.2 Instruct passengers to unfasten their seat belt and remain seated ( SEAT BELT sign must be OFF); 5.3 Ensure that Exit signs are ON. 5.4 Ensure that curtains are open and secured; 5.5 Be at the stations of the exits designated for emergency evacuation and be prepared for a possible evacuation. 5.6 Ensure that the jet way or stairs intended for emergency evacuation are unobstructed for a rapid egress of passengers. 5.7 Ensure that ground servicing activities such as catering and cleaning inside the aircraft does not create a hazard or hinder a possible emergency evacuation; 5.8 Report the presence of fuel vapour inside the cabin, or any other hazards associated with re-fuelling Note: The arming of slides on doors designated for evacuation during re-fuelling is not required unless evacuation using slides is commanded.


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Fire 1. Description Fire is a rapid oxidation with the production of heat and light. It requires three elements to exist: 1.1 1.2 1.3

Fuel Oxygen Heat

Thus, forming the three sides of a triangle, called the fire triangle. 2. Classes of fir e: 2.1 2.2 2.3

Class A “Solid” Class B “Flammable Liquids” Class C “Electrical”

Example: paper, plastic, cloth Example: oil, grease, perfume, alcohol Example: ovens, coffee makers, IFE

3. Fire pr eventi on Cabin crew must take the necessary precautions to ensure fire is prevented. This comprises of pre - flight checks of fire fighting equipment, a mental review of its operation along with situational awareness, communication and team work. Advise the cockpit and alert other cabin crew members immediately of any indication of smoke or fire in the cabin. 3.1 Cabin fir e prevention 3.1.1 Do not place paper or plastic materials on or near any aircraft equipment that generates heat, such as lit light bulbs. 3.1.2 Be aware of burning smells, immediately investigate and report. 3.2 Toil et fir e prevention 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4

Pre - flight check automatic fire extinguisher and smoke detectors. Check smoke detectors for obstructions. Ensure waste bin flaps and doors are closed. Check toilets regularly (at least every 15 minutes).


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3.3 Galley fire preventio n 3.3.1 Check inside of ovens and around inserts prior to switching on. 3.3.2 Do not use microwave ovens, hot cups or ovens as a storage place for paper or plastic supplies. 3.3.3 Switch oven off after use. 3.3.4 Ensure hot cups contain water prior to switching them on. 3.3.5 Do not leave galleys unattended for a long period of time (At least every15minutes). 3.4 Smoking regulations Smoking is strictly prohibited on the aircraft; this includes the use of Electronic Cigarettes (e-cigarettes). 3.5 Circuit breakers The circuit breaker will trip automatically when a predetermined electrical load is detected. Once a circuit breaker trips, the affected electrical installation will be deactivated. Warning: Do not reset a tripped circuit breaker, this may cause more damage to the equipment and may affect other electrical equipment. Cabin reports of tripped circuit breakers should be reported to the flight crew immediately and entered into the log book. 4. Fire fighting The cabin crew must be aware of the importance of taking immediate and aggressive action to determine the source of the smoke or fire. The cabin crew must: 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

Immediately evaluate the situation Determine the source of the fire or smoke (if possible) Access the fire, if necessary Fight the fire, using the fire fighting equipment and or any other appropriate item that is rapidly available ( eg. Non- alcoholic beverages such as tea, coffee, water or juice). 4.5 Smother the fire by using wet pillows or blankets. 5. Definiti on and description of the fire fighti ng roles Fire fighting procedures require a team of at least three crew members, the fire fighting roles are defined as follows: 1. The Fire Fighter 2. The back up 3. The comm uni cator


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The three roles are performed simultaneously in order to optimize the fire fighting effort. 5.1 The fire fig hter: The first cabin crew who finds the fire becomes the fire fighter and must: 5.1.1 Obtain the nearest fire extinguisher. 5.1.2 Alert other cabin crewmembers. 5.1.3 Immediately locate the source of the fire. 5.1.4 Fight the fire. 5.2 The back up: The second cabin crew member to arrive at the scene becomes the back up fire fighter and must: 5.2.1 Provide extra fire fighting equipment. 5.2.2 Be prepared to take over the fire fighting role if required. 5.2.3 Support and coordinate the fire fighting effort. 5.2.4 Remove flammable material from the area. 5.3 The commu nicato r: The third cabin crew member to arrive at the scene becomes the communicator; this cabin crew member must inform the flight crew about the fire by giving the following information: 5.2.1 State their name and location 5.2.2 Location of the fire 5.2.3 Severity density of the smoke or fire (colour, smell and how it is affecting the passengers) 5.2.4 Number of Halon extinguishers used. 5.2.5 Maintain communication link between the cabin and the flight crew, via the nearest available interphone to the fire fighting scene. 5.2.6 Provide the flight crew with an accurate description of the fire fighting progress (is the fire on or off) 5.2.7 The cabin situation example; passenger’s reactions. 5.4 Other cabin crew roles: Other cabin crew members who are not directly involved in the fire fighting effort, will be required to provide assistance. 5.4.1 Crowd control. 5.4.2 Remove portable oxygen bottles from the area. 5.4.3 Bring additional equipment for the fire fighters.


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If excessive Smoke or Fumes remain in t he cabin 5.4.4 If possible move passengers away from the affected area. 5.4.5 Distribute wet towels to passengers and instruct them to cover their nose and mouth, bend down at armrest level and breath normally and breath normally. 5.4.6 If passenger requires therapeutic oxygen, it should be administered away from the contaminated/smoke area. 5.4.7 Avoid opening the flight deck door, unless absolutely necessary. After any fire or smoke occurrence, one crew member should be assigned to monitor the affected area for the remainder of the flight and should regularly report to the Purser. 6. Lavatory fire and smok e Use the back of the hand on the lavatory door to assess the severity of the fire. 6.1 Cool Door (The fire is either contained or at an early stage) 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6

Crouch down to minimize fire and smoke threat. Open door slowly 1" to 2 " inches using the door or bulk head as protection. Enter the lavatory and keep low below the smoke level Locate the fire source and use the Halon extinguisher Check all surrounding area for secondary fires Dampen material area with water when appropriate.

6.2 Hot door (Fire is severe and at a critical stage) 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4

Crouch down to minimize fire and smoke threat. Open door slowly 1" to 2 " inches using the door or bulk head as protection. Position fire extinguisher at your eye level. Discharge one entire Halon extinguisher inside the lavatory and close the door. 6.2.5 Another crew member (back up) will don the smoke hood, enter the lavatory with a Halon extinguisher, locate the source of the fire and fight the fire. 6.2.6 Check all surrounding area for secondary fires. 6.2.7 Dampen material area with water if appropriate.


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7. Oven Fires 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7

Close oven door (fire may self extinguish) Switch off the current. Take the nearest available Halon Extinguisher. Open oven door slowly (to investigate if flames are present) Use Halon extinguisher and close door. Repeat steps if necessary Check for secondary fires and monitor area

7.1 Oven Smoke 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.1.5 7.1.6 7.1.7

Close oven door. Switch off the current. Take the nearest available Halon extinguisher. Open oven door slowly (to investigate). Close oven door if no fire is present. Stand by with Halon extinguisher. Monitor area.

8 . Hatrack Fire Use the back of the hand on the hatrack to locate location of fire (position yourself if possible at opposite side/end of the fire) 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Open hatrack (to investigate if flames are present) Use halon extinguisher and close hatrack Repeat steps if necessary If the fire is extinguished, locate source and remove object ( if possible dampen area "latent heat" with towels) Check for secondary fires and monitor area.

9. Waste Bin Fire 9.1 Use water or any non flammable liquid 9.2 Use Halon extinguisher. Ensure that the discharge force does not scatter the contents outside the bin 10. Electric al Panel/Light Fixtur es Fires 10.1 Switch off the current. 10.2 Use Halon extinguisher.


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EMIRATES IN-FLIGHT SERVICES 11.


Electric al Panel/Light Fixtur es Smoke

11.1 Switch off the current. 11.2 Stand-by with Halon extinguisher. 12.

Seat Fires

The class of fire will determine how a passenger seat smoke or fire is dealt with. The source of the smoke or fire may come from the IFE (In flight Entertainment) screen or from the seat boxes located under the passenger seats. If the fire is easily identified as a Class A 12.1 Smother with a blanket. 12.2 Use water or any non flammable liquid or 12.3 Use a Halon extinguisher. If the source of th e fire is fro m an electri cal origin (IFE): 12.4 Switch off the current 12.5 Use Halon Extinguisher If there is smoke present but no fire: 12.6 Switch off the current 12.7 Stand by with a Halon extinguisher

13. Locatio n of IFE Master Power Suppl ies (including GSM system on A340-500and B777) 

A330/A340-300 (MAS System): Master Power switch is located at the VCC.



A340-500 (MAS 3000 I System): Master Power “PAX SYS switch” is located in the VCC upper left hand corner.



777

(MAS 3000 I System): Master Power switch is locate in the VCC upper left hand corner.



B777

(MAS System): Master Power is located inside the VCC.

Note: After incident do not reset circuit breakers or switch on IFE power


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EMIRATES IN-FLIGHT SERVICES 14.


Lit hiu m battery Fires

Many Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) are powered internally by Lithium Ion batteries. Lithium batteries may malfunction and overheat causing i.e. a laptop battery pack to catch fire. The battery pack normally contains around 6 to 9 battery cells which can explode and start burning when overheated causing other cells to do the same when heat is transferred from one cell to the other. The following guidelines must be followed when handling fire from lithium batteries in portable electronic devices (PEDs): 14.1

Carry out the fire fighting drills and inform the captain immediately.

14.2

Remove external electrical power from device (if the device was plugged into the aircraft power supply).

14.3

Do not attempt to pick up or move a smoking or burning electronic device.

14.4

Use Halon fire extinguisher to put out the fire and prevent spread to adjacent flammable materials.

14.5

Douse the electronic device with water or other nonalcoholic liquids for at least 15 seconds to completely cool cells and prevent additional cells from reaching the thermal runaway. (Thermal runaway is an electrochemical reaction that causes a battery to overheat and possibly explode.)

14.6

Water should not be used on, or in the immediate vicinity of, any other piece of electrical equipment.

14.7

Do not use ice, dry ice or other covering materials; this will insulate the electronic device making it more likely that more cells will reach thermal runaway.

14.8

when deemed safe to be picked up and moved, consider submerging the electronic device in an empty bin filled with water or nonalcoholic liquids,

14.9 Turn the PED power off, if the device was previously plugged in, until the aircraft’s system can be determined to be free of faults.


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Halon Fire Extinguisher (Kidde)

Seal Lever

Ring Pin

Discharge Nozzle

Handle

Pressure Gauge

Pre-flight Check: 15.1 15.2 15.2 15.3

Ensure availability at respective stations. Pressure gauge pointer is in the green band. The ring pin is in place through the handle and the lever. Seal intact.

Operation: 15.4 Pull and twist ring pin to break plastic seal. 15.5 Hold extinguisher upright with hand under handle and thumb on top of lever. 15.6 From a distance of 6 to 10 feet, direct the nozzle towards the base of the fire source. 15.7 Squeeze the lever downward with thumb. 15.8 Spray at the base of the flame in quick side to side motion. Limitation: Hold within 60 degrees of vertical Note: 1. The extinguisher stream will shoot over a 10 foot distance. Use: 1. Primarily used on flammable liquid (class B) and electrical fires (class C) But can also be used on fabric and paper (class A) 2. All kinds of cockpit fires


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16.

Lavatory automati c fire extingu isher and smoke DETECTORS (A330) Refer to:

17.

Section Sub Section 415 Page 01, 02, 03

400

Lavatory automatic fir e extingu isher and smok e detectors (B777) Refer to:

18.


Section Sub-Section 513 Page 01, 02, 03

500

Lavatory automatic fir e exting uish er and smok e detectors (A340) Refer to:

Section Sub-Section 615 Page 01, 02, 03

600


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19. The Purit an Smoke ho od (PBE)* Description Single use, self contained closed circuit breathing apparatus. wearer’s respiratory system and eyes when fighting in-flight fires. The smoke hood is a Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE)

Designed to protect

Pre-Flight Check Ensure availability at respective stations. 19.2 Red Seal intact or tamper indicator in place. 19.1

Operation 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6

Grasp the red access handle and pull forcibly, the seal will break. Pull sharply on the red tag to tear open the vacuum sealed foil bag. Pull PBE* out of the vacuum sealed foil bag and shake hood to open. Place both hands inside the neck seal opening with palms facing each other.

19.7

With head bent forward, guide the PBE* neck seal over the top of the head and down over the face. Grasp the adjustment straps and pull forward sharply to activate the starter candle.

19.8


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19.9

With strap still in hand and head bent forwards, pull back to secure the oronasal mask cone high on the nose for a tight seal. 19.10 Pull the protective neck shield down to cover the collar and upper shoulder area. Note: The unit will provide a 15 minute supply of oxygen. A speaking diaphragm is installed in the oronasal mask cone to enhance communication. Failure of the starter candle, an additional sharp pull on the strap may be sufficient to actuate the device. If the device still fails to actuate, sticking the fingers into the neck seal to allow a large lung inhalation, may be required to enable sufficient breathing volume, replace the oronasal mask over the mouth and nose and secure it, exhale forcibly into the mask until the chemical regeneration system begins producing a surplus of oxygen.

Precautions: • •

•

Be careful not to damage the neck seal when fitting Do not interfere with the neck seal once it is in place as this may allow smoke into the hood Do not expose devise directly to flame

Warning •

Due to possible oxygen saturation of the hair, do not smoke or become exposed to fire or open flame for several minutes after doffing.

Disposal of us ed PBE • •

Place used PBE in a safe place to cool away from fire or exposure to water. Dispose of smoke hood as per dangerous goods procedures.

Disposal of PBE (Vacuum Seal compromised) If the PBE is removed from its stowage during the flight and the vacuum seal is broken but subsequently not used, it must be placed in the lavatory in a metallic container. The lavatory must be locked out. Caution: The “live” unit that is not vacuum sealed may accidently be activated, causing injury to personnel and/or a potential fire hazard.


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20. Fire prot ective glov es Fire protective gloves are provided on board for use by crew members to grasp hot metal or burning parts. Pre-flight Check 20.1

Ensure its availability in the correct location.

21. Fire/crash axe 21.1 Cutting edge is intended for short chopping attacks on metal and metal lining. 21.2 Pick end is used to stir up fibre, seat packing, 21.3 Handle is insulated to protect user from electrical shock (24000 Volts). Pre-flight Check 21.4 21.5

Ensure its availability in the correct location. Ensure that it is properly secured in the correct location.


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Decompression 1.

Slow Decomp ression Pressure leak due to cracked or leaking window, or leaking door. 1.1

Reactions

1.1.1 Move passengers away from the area, if not possible, ask them to fasten their seat belt, tight and low. 1.1.2 Warn the other Cabin Crew Members. 1.1.3 Advise Captain. 1.1.4 In case of door leak, pillows and blankets at the leak will reduce the noise level. 1.1.5 Monitor situation regularly. 2.

Rapid Decomp ression Loss of a window, a door or a rupture in the fuselage could cause rapid decompression which will require an immediate emergency descent and will cause the automatic drop-out oxygen system to operate automatically at +14000 feet cabin altitude. 2.1

Objective Signs

2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 2.1.8 2.1.9 2.1.10 2.1.11

Loud bang in the vicinity of opening. A rush of air to the outside. A rapid drop in temperature. Fog in the cabin. Cabin filled with dust, debris and loose objects. Noise level will increase considerably A suitable taped announcement is relayed throughout the PA system. All cabin signs will be turned on. Cabin lights will turn to bright. Toilet smoke detectors may activate A suitable taped announcement is relayed throughout the PA system. In case the pre recorded system is not operative a suitable PA should be made by the purser if possible.

2.2 Subjective Signs 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5

Difficulty in breathing as air is sucked out of the lungs. Sinuses and ears may feel full momentarily. Cold sensation. Abdominal discomfort due to gas expansion. Speaking will be more difficult. * These signs are all brief in duration but may produce panic.


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2.3

Immedi ate Reaction

2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 3.


Put on nearest available oxygen mask. Sit down and fasten seatbelt. Stay on oxygen until further advised. Post Decompression

Cabin Crew to remain seated until advised that it is safe to do otherwise. When the aircraft has leveled off, the Captain will make the following announcement: “ This is the Captain. We have had to perfo rm a rapid descent” followed by:

CAPTAIN PA

Cabin Crew Act ion s

•

If Oxygen is required:

If Oxygen is not required:

“You must remain seated and continue to wear your oxygen mask. Cabin Crew may move in the cabin using portable oxygen.”

“You must remain seated. Oxygen is no longer required and you may remove your masks. Cabin Crew may move in the cabin.

• • •

• • • •

Obtain an oxygen bottle for crew own use. Connect the mask to the HI flow outlet. Turn the on/off valve and ensure oxygen flow. Obtain a Manual Release Tool. (Airbus) or sharp object (Boeing).

Obtain an oxygen bottle to administer therapeutic oxygen to passengers. Connect the mask to the HI flow outlet. Turn the on/off valve and ensure oxygen flow prior to O2 administration. Obtain a Manual Release Tool (Airbus) or sharp object (Boeing).

Further Cabin Crew Duties • • •

Render First Aid where required. Report any relevant information to the Captain such as, injuries, damages etc. Monitor the doors as it is possible to open them in low or no cabin pressure conditions (Airbus aircraft only)


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C)


Aviation Physiology

Effects Of Flying On The Body 1.

Effect s Due To Pressure Change

Trapped Gases As the aircraft climbs, the pressure inside the cabin decreases and gases expand. The aircraft pressurization system maintains the barometric pressure inside the cabin less than to that at 8000ft. At this lowered pressure, the volume of a gas will have expanded by about 30 per cent to the volume at sea level. Similarly, as the aircraft descends for landing, the volume of a gas will decrease. These changes in gas volumes do not cause any problems where gas movement can take place freely and pressures are equalized. It is when gas is trapped and pressures cannot be equalized that damage can occur. The table below outlines body cavities that can be affected by trapped gases according when a problem can occur during the flight.

ASCENT Gut Lungs Teeth

DESCENT Ears Sinuses

The Ears The picture below shows the anatomy of the ear. The middle ear is a gas filled chamber that is open to the atmosphere via a small tube that opens at the back of the throat that is know as the Eustachian tube.


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Ossicless Semicircu Cana

Auditor

Cochl

Ea Dru

Extern Can

Middl Ea

Eustachian

As cent: This is normally not a problem because the expanding air in the middle ear is able to freely pass through the Eustachian tube. This may be felt as a ‘popping’ sensation in the ears. Yawning, swallowing or moving the jaw may assist this during the pressure change. Descent: On descent, the middle ear volume will decrease creating a ‘suction effect’ on the walls of the Eustachian tube. This makes it difficult to force air into the middle ear cavity and the resulting pressure difference can cause the ear feeling “blocked” with deafness and pain. If action is not taken to equalize the pressure, it can even cause the eardrum to rupture.


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Prevention and Treatment: To prevent ear problems on descent you must: 1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

NOT FLY WITH A COLD. Yawn, swallow, move the jaw. Valsalva. With a closed mouth, hold the nose and gently blow. Moving the jaw at the same time may also assist. Use only as much force as is necessary to clear the ears and doing this too forcefully can also damage the eardrums. Keep ahead of the pressure change. If the pressure differential increases too much it will not be possible to generate enough pressure to clear the ears Use a decongestant nasal spray such as Otrivine that is available on board. This will dry out the mucous membranes and enlarge the Eustachian tubes and sinus ducts making it easier to equalize the pressures.

The Sinuses The sinuses are gas-filled cavities in the skull that are lined with mucous membranes and drain into the nose through small ducts. Normally during ascent and descent, gas is vented quite freely. If there are medical problems such as a cold, sinusitis or allergies which result in congestion and block the passages, pressure can build up and damage the sinuses. The onset of pain when this occurs can be quite rapid and even incapacitating. Frontal Sinuses Ethmoidal Sinuses Maxillary Sinuses


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Prevention and Treatment: To treat sinus problems on descent the following procedures should be adopted: 1. 2.

3.

DO NOT FLY WITH A COLD OR SINUS PROBLEM. The Valsalva maneuver as described above is sometimes effective by forcing air into the sinus cavity. This is recommended to only be tried gently as there is a risk of damaging the eardrums if it is done too forcefully. Use a decongestant nasal spray such as Otrivine to clear the sinus ducts.

The Gut On average the gut contains about 400ml of gas. Sources of gas are from swallowed air and gases from bacteria. To avoid discomfort or pain due to gas expansion in the stomach and the large bowel on ascent, it can be vented by discreetly belching or passing flatus. The Lung s Injury to the lungs due to pressure changes involved in commercial air travel does not occur unless there is air in the chest cavity due to trauma or an abnormal airspace in the lungs. The Teeth Tooth pain is a rare occurrence but may be caused on ascent if gas is trapped under a filling or in an abscess. Good dental hygiene and regular dental treatment may avoid this problem. Af ter su rg ery Gas can be introduced into the body during surgical procedures. This is done in both laparoscopic and open abdominal surgery for example and can result in problems if the person flies before sufficient time has elapsed for the gas to have been re-absorbed. This would only take a few days in the case of laparoscopic surgery, but may take several weeks in some cases of eye surgery, depending on the gas used.


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Evolv ed Gases Decompression sickness: This occurs when nitrogen bubbles evolve rapidly in the body as a result of pressure changes. Serious health problems such as the “bends” and collapse can result. Decompression sickness rarely occurs below 25,000ft (7,600m) and is not usually a concern at normal cabin altitudes. However, it does occasionally occur in scuba divers who have been exposed to hyperbaric conditions prior t o flying. Typically scuba divers are advised to allow a minimum of 12 hours between diving and flying, or 24 hours if the dive required decompression stops. Note: Crew Members who regularly participate in scuba diving should seek advice from an Aviation Medical Doctor. 2.

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is defined as a lack of oxygen in the body sufficient to cause impairment of function. The most likely cause of hypoxia in aviation is due to the reduction of the oxygen partial pressure with ascent in altitude but may also occur with exposure to smoke and fumes. Stages of Hypoxia: Indiff erent Stage (sea level - 10,000 feet): There will be a slight decrease in night vision at altitudes as low as 4,000 feet, an increase in pulse rate and a slight increase in the rate and depth of respiration (alveolar ventilation). Compens ator y Stage (10,000 - 15,000 feet): Pulse rate, blood pressure, and rate of circulation increase. Additionally, the rate and depth of respiration is increased. After 10-15 minutes between 12,000 - 15,000 feet, the effects of hypoxia can be observed. The individual becomes drowsy, makes frequent judgment errors, and has difficulty with motor coordination skills. Headache and fatigue will result from prolonged exposure.


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Disturbance Stage (15,000 - 20,000 feet): The effects of hypoxia are more apparent and the unconscious will result after 30 - 45 minutes (at the higher altitudes). Shaking, lack of co-ordination and marked disturbances in mental processing will be noticed; however, as judgment is impaired, the individual is unlikely to recognize this deterioration. Increased rate and depth of breathing may also be experienced. Crit ical Stage (above 20,000 feet): The effects of hypoxia are rapidly evident in the Critical Stage. Within 3-5 minutes, coordination and judgment deteriorate with total incapacitation and unconsciousness quickly following. Convulsions are common following loss of consciousness. Time Of Useful Conscio usness (TUC) TUC is the time available to take positive action to protect yourself from hypoxia, should a decompression occur. The figures below apply to fit and healthy adults. Physical activity will, of course, decreases the times. Al ti tud e

Est im ated Tim e of Usef ul Consciousness 15 seconds 45 seconds 1 minute 3 minutes 10 minutes

40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000

In a decompression, YOUR FIRST ACTION must be to DON YOUR OXYGEN MASK.


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Portable Oxygen Bottles


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Pre-Flight Check 1. 2.

Minimum acceptable pressure is 1500 PSI. Appropriate mask is available.

Note: 1. Capacity of the bottle at 1800 PSI is 310 litres. 2. Duration of full bottle on low flow, (2 LPM), is 2h 35'. 3. Duration of full bottle on high flow, (4 LPM), is 1h 17'. 4. Constant flow outlets are fitted with check valves, no O2 flow if mask is not fitted properly. Precautions While Administ ering Oxygen 1. 2. 3. 4.

Do not drop the bottle. No oil or grease on passenger face and hair. Loosen tight clothes and neckwear. Keep the passenger in the appropriate position depending on medical condition. (refer to section 200 sub 207 & 208)

Therapeutic Oxygen Adminis tration a. Normal Donning 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Remove mask from plastic bag Select outlet Open dust cover and fit the mask Rotate the ON-OFF valve fully counter clockwise Check flow of oxygen (Flow indicator turns green or plastic bag inflates when the flow out of the bag is blocked) Place mask over nose and mouth Secure bottle with strap or seatbelt, adjacent to passenger Do not leave the passenger alone Change bottle when pressure reaches 500 PSI Close the shut-off valve after use

b. Infant Donning Same as Normal: 1. The mask should be applied gently to the face of the child/infant and gently held in place by using the elastic straps supplied with the mask. 2. Oxygen can be delivered in complete safety up to 4 LPM to any infant or small child c. Neck Breathers Same as Normal but the mask to be placed over the hole in the neck Note: Advise flight crew when oxygen is being administered After Use: Place the mask and tubing in the bio-hazard bag, return the oxygen bottle to its’ original stowage and make an entry in the cabin defect log book


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Flight Deck Oxygen System (A330 / A340 – B777) Blinker Red grips

Reset / test

Flag % Selector

Mask Donni ng 1. Squeeze red c lip s 2. Pull mask o ut The harness in flates. 3. Put mask o ver face and release red cli ps. 4. The harness d eflates and maint ains mask.


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Turbulence An ti ci pat ed Tu rb ul ence 1.

If the Fasten Seatbelt sign is switched ON during cruise due to turbulence, there should be communication between the Captain and the Purser as to what level of cabin service is appropriate.

2.

If moderate or greater turbulence is anticipated or experienced, the Captain shall inform the Purser to cease all cabin service, have service carts stowed and Cabin Crew to take their seats. If such turbulence is imminent, the Captain may advice Cabin Crew directly via the following PA announcement: “ Cabin Crew Take Your Seats.” The Purser will report “Cabin Secure” to the Captain when: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

All passengers, including infants are seated with their seatbelts fastened. All galley equipment, carts and trolleys are secured. All cabins are secured. All Cabin crew are seated with seatbelts and shoulder harnesses fastened.

Secure all major items of loose equipment. Take your seat and fasten your seatbelt. Cabin Crew will remain seated until Fasten Seatbelt sign is switched OFF or advised by the Captain. Check passengers for any injuries and inform the Captain. 3.

If flying in a thunderstorm or severe turbulence area in anticipated: Fasten Seatbelt sign will be switched ON. The Captain will provide the Purser with a recommendation regarding the suspension of cabin service and an estimate of the severity and duration of turbulence. Food and drink service shall be minimized or even stopped, depending on the expected degree of turbulence.

Unanticipated Turbulence 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

The Captain will switch ON the Fasten Seatbelt sign and may advise and announcement “Cabin Crew Take your Seats”. Apply brakes on carts and trolleys and stow major loose equipment. Tilt the cart slightly to wedge between seats if possible. Stow hot liquids from the cart inside the cart or on the floor. Sit down immediately in the nearest seat and fasten your seatbelt. Make suitable PA announcement advising passengers to sit down and fasten their seatbelt. Remain seated until advised by the Captain or Fasten Seatbelt sign is switched OFF. Check passengers for any injuries and inform the Captain.


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Turbulence Management The following levels of turbulence can be encountered during a flight: 1. 2. 3.

Light turbulence Moderate turbulence Severe turbulence

The cabin crew should always use these terms when communicating turbulent conditions to the flight crew or other cabin crewmembers. 1.

Light Turbulence

Light turbulence momentarily causes slight, rapid, and rhythmic bumps without noticeable changes in the aircraft altitude or attitude. Cabin Conditions ♦ ♦ ♦

2.

Liquids are shaking but are not splashing out of cups. Trolleys can be maneuvered with little difficulty. Passengers may feel a slight strain against their seat belts. Moderate Turbul ence

Moderate turbulence, causes rapid bumps or jolts. Cabin Conditions ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

3.

Liquids splashing out of cups. Difficulty in maneuvering trolleys. Difficulty in walking in the cabin. Difficulty in standing without holding on to something. Passengers feel definite strain against their seat belts. Severe Turbulence

Severe turbulence causes large abrupt changes in the aircraft altitude and attitude. Cabin Conditions ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Items falling or lifting off the floor. Loose items are tossed about the cabin. Impossible to walk. Passengers are forced violently against their seat belt.


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Cabin Crew Guidelines It is important that cabin crew perform frequent cabin checks and correctly manage the galleys to ensure safety and reduce the probability of injuries. Therefore, the cabin crew should: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Check the cabin frequently and ensure that the cabin is kept tidy. Minimize the amount of service equipment left on galley and bar surfaces. When items must remain available they should be placed inside easily accessible drawers. Ensure that galleys are correctly secured and latched after each service/use. Ensure that trolleys and equipment are correctly stowed after use.

Securing the cabin and passenger compliance 1.

Light Turbulence ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

2.

Visually check that all passengers are seated with their seat belts fastened and hand baggage is properly stowed. Infants must be removed from the baby bassinet and secured on the guardians lap, or in an approved car seat. Extension/infant seat belt may be used. Give the "cabin secure check" to the Purser. Purser will inform the flight crew when the cabin is secure. Moderate Turbul ence-

♦

♦ ♦ ♦

3.

When the cabin crew are returning to their crew seats, check that all passengers are seated with their seat belts securely fastened and hand baggage is properly stowed. Infants must be removed from the baby bassinets and secured on the guardians lap, or secured in an approved car seat. Extension/infant seat belt may be used. Give the "cabin secure check" to the Purser. Purser will informs the flight crew when the cabin is secure. Severe Turbulence

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

The cabin crew must not attempt to visually check passenger compliance. If trolleys are in the cabin, apply the brakes. Place jugs/pots of hot beverages on the floor. Cabin crew must immediately sit down. Take the nearest seat (including passenger seat) and fasten seatbelt/harness.


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An ti ci pat ed Tu rb ul ence Pro cedur es When turbulence is anticipated, cabin crew will have a certain amount of time before the turbulence is encountered to secure the cabin and themselves. Pre-Flight Flight crew must inform the Purser and the rest of the crew about the expected areas of turbulence during the flight as part of the preflight briefing. Flight Crew When turbulence is expected during the flight, the flight crew must advise the cabin crew how much time is available to secure the cabin, the level and expected duration of the turbulence encounter. Purser ♦

♦ ♦

When the service is interrupted as a precautionary measure, a PA announcement should be made to the passengers explaining WHY the service is interrupted. Ensure that all passengers and cabin crew are secured. Inform the flight crew that all passengers and cabin crew are secured.

Cabin Crew Once the cabin crew are advised of the anticipated turbulence, they should prioritize their duties based on the time available before the turbulence encounter: ♦ Stow and secure large items first, such as, trolleys. ♦ Remove bottles from the cabin and galley surfaces. Throw away any hot liquids. ♦ Secure the cabin; ensure that the lavatories are unoccupied. ♦ Secure the galleys. ♦ The cabin crew should then secure themselves. ♦ Inform Purser /SFS that passengers and cabin crew are secured.


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Unanticipated Turbulence Procedures The captain will switch on the Fasten Seatbelt signs and make a PA announcing “Cabin Crew Take your seat” ♦ ♦

Purser must immediately sit down. Take the nearest seat (including passenger seat) and fasten seatbelt and harness. Cabin crew must immediately sit down. Take the nearest seat (including passenger seat) and fasten seatbelt/harness.

Warning Cabin crew must not risk personal injury by continuing service during turbulent conditions. The personal safety of the cabin crew is the priority. Post Turbul ence Duti es ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Flight crew will advise cabin crew when it is safe to resume duties. The Purser will report any passenger injuries and/or cabin damage to the flight crew. Cabin crew check for passenger injuries, give first aid if necessary. Calm and reassure passengers. Check for cabin damage. Report to Purser/SFS any passenger injuries and/or cabin damage.


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CABIN CREW EMERGENCY MANUAL

Emergency Equipment Pre-flight Check The exact location of emergency equipment is denoted by the respective placard at each station. All cabin crew assigned to the doors will individually conduct a pre flight emergency equipment check as indicated in the diagram. • • •

There is no need to remove the equipment from its mounting to pre-flight check it. Remove equipment only if the mounting position does not permit the prescribed pre-flight check. Report it to the Purser and/or any other discrepancies, to be enter it in the Cabin Defect Log Book.

The purser will request confirmation of emergency pre flight checks from all stations via the interphone in a horseshoe fashion from L2 to L3, L4, L5, R5, R4, R3, R2 and R1. The purser is initiating the call from the L1 position; thus, would verbally confirm that L1 station is checked with the L1 crew. Safety pre-flight check • •

The cabin crew station responsibility comprises of the area around their assigned door, from the fuselage to the cabin centre line. Safety check of a lavatory located in any station is the responsibility of the station owner.

Emergency equipment removal fr om mou nting •

Fire Extingui shers and Oxygen Bottl es. 1. Non Emergency Use Purpos es 1.1 1.2

Lift quick-release lever and remove equipment. After non-emergency use, return equipment to respective mounting position and secure quick-release lever .

2. Emergency Use Purposes 2.1 Lift quick-release lever and remove equipment. 2.3 Use equipment as directed. 2.4 After use, return equipment to respective mounting position and secure quick release lever. 2.5 Report the used equipment to the Purser, to enter it in the Cabin Defect Log book. •

Other Emergency Equi pment 1. Remove and use equipment when required, as directed. 2. Return equipment to respective positions after use and secure it. 3. Report the use of the equipment to the Purser, to enter it in the Cabin Defect log book.


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Emergency Equipment Megaphone: Megaphones are powered by self-contained batteries. • •

1.

It is used to communicate instructions to passengers in case of an inoperative or failed PA system. It is used in an emergency situation outside the aircraft and after an evacuation in order to congregate passengers. Pre-flig ht Check 1.1 Ensure its availability. 1.2 Ensure that it is properly secured in the correct location.

2.

Operation 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

Remove from brackets. Press trigger and adjust volume. Speak with lips touching the microphone. Point in direction desired.

Emergency Medic al Equipment Emergency Medical Kit (EMK) Supplementary Emergency Medical Kit (SEMK) First Aid Kit (FAK) First Aid Pouch (FAP) Will be used in an emergency situation or whenever needed. 1. Pre - Flight Check

1.1 Ensure its availability. 1.2 Seals are intact. Manual Demonstration Kit 1. Pre- Flight Check 1.1 Ensure its availability. 2. The Demonstration Kit contains the follow ing:

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

One demonstration life jacket. One demonstration oxygen mask. One demonstration seat belt. One safety instruction card.


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Emergency fl ashlights: Two types of Emergency flashlights are provided for emergency use only. Type 1 1. Pre-fli ght Check 1.1 Properly mounted in the correct location. 1.2 The red indicator light is flashing every 6-10 seconds. 1.3 The plastic strap is not tampered with.

Type 2 (LED) 1. Pre-flight Check 1.1 Properly mounted in the correct location. 1.2 The plastic strap is not tampered with. 1.3 Push the Test button on the battery condition indicator. A GREEN light will flash once on the LED indicator. Note: If the LED indicator flashes RED, a battery replacement is needed.

Battery Condition Test B utton Battery Condition Indicator (Green/Red)

2. Operation: Both types of flashlight s have the same operation. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

Pull the flashlight to break the plastic strap. Remove flashlight from brackets, the light will come on automatically. May be shut off by returning it to its brackets. In smoke filled cabin, aim the light at knee level as smoke rises. In complete darkness, aim the light at eye level. Lasts for up to 4 hours, depending on battery.


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Extension / infant s eatbelt • •

Can be provided for children under the age of two carried by adults. To be used for obese passengers/pregnant ladies.

1. Pre-Flight Check

Ensure availability. 2. Use 2.1 Chair seatbelt passed through the loop in the back of the Extension/Infant seatbelt and fastened. 2.2 Extension/Infant seatbelt passed around the infant's waist and fastened as for a normal seatbelt. Note:

Baby bassinets must not be used during take-off, landing, turbulence and any time the seat belt sign is ON. During cruise, the baby bassinet can be used. However; it cannot be placed on the floor in front of the passenger seat.

‘Car Type’ Infant A ircr aft Seats The following details acceptable types, fitment and use of ‘Car Type’ infant seats as an option to existing methods of carriage and restraint of small children. •

The unit should have a solid back and seat; have restraint straps installed to securely hold the child to it; should be labelled stating that it has been approved for aviation use; and the unit should have instructions on the label which must be followed.

•

The unit should be installed in forward facing aircraft seats and in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions on the label. This includes placing the unit in the appropriate forward or aft direction as indicated on the label f or the size of the child. The unit should not be installed in the same row of an emergency exit or in the row forward or aft of an emergency exit. A window seat is the preferred location; however, other locations may be acceptable, provided the unit is not installed between other passengers and the aisle used to evacuate the aircraft. A responsible adult must occupy a seat next to the child.

•

Under no circumstances, however, would a booster cushion be an acceptable alternative.


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.“ CARES” Child Restraint Belt Passengers may use the "CARES" Child Restraint Belt should they present it whilst on board. This is a FAA approved device for children between 22 - 44 Pounds, (10 - 20 Kgs.) and the label is affixed on the unit. The Belt is suitable for Economy Class seats only. To install: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Drop down the table behind the designated seat. Slip the red belt over the back of the seat and adjust it. Ensure it is clear of the IFE screen. Close the drop down table. Insert the seat belt through the loops at the bottom of the vertical harness straps. Strap the child in; buckle the seat belt, buckle the vertical harness straps and adjust them comfortably tight.


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Emergency Landing 1.

General

1.1

Aircr aft Accidents ICAO statistics reveal that 90% of the aircraft accidents take place during take-off and landing phases, (+3', -8'). Therefore, Cabin Crew Members must occupy their designated jump seats during take-off and landing, to be readily available for immediate evacuation when the aircraft comes to a complete stop after an emergency landing. While seated on the jump seat, the Cabin Crew will do a 30 seconds mental review of their role: A L E R T

1.2

Chain of Command 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

1.3

- Aircraft type procedures. - Location of Cabin Crew jump seat. - Equipment available and location. - Responsibilities and duties. - Threat, possible situation and how to deal with it.

Captain. First Officer Purser (PUR). Senior Flight Steward/ess (SFS). Cabin Crew Member (CCM). Positioning Crew Member (PCM), if available. Able-bodied passenger ( ABP), instructed. Plan of Act ion • • • • • •

Should an evacuation be necessary the Captain will repeat the command “Evacuate” 2-3 times. If the Captain does not provide the necessary direction, the Purser should attempt to contact the flight deck by interphone to obtain instructions. An evacuation must not be initiated while the aircraft is moving. Any Crew Member may initiate an evacuation in case of a catastrophic situation. When evacuation is in progress, it can only be stopped by a ranking Crew Member. Cabin Crew Members will operate their respective exits.

Primary Exits A330/A340/B777

- All fuselage doors.

Au xi li ary Exit s A330/A340/B777

- Cockpit windows.


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2.

Any call made by the Captain or his delegate on the PA system during the state of Al ert , shall be preceded by:“ THIS IS THE CAPTAIN”

3.

Un-Antici pated Emergenci es

3.1 During Taxiing If an emergency situation arises that may dictate evacuation, the Captain will command: 1. “ ATTENTION CREW AT STATIONS” . This command will be heard when the aircraft has come to a complete stop. Return to your assigned position, evaluate the outside condition and anticipate the Captains instructions. The Captain w ill then command one of t he following: 2. ” ALL AVAILAB LE EXITS EVACUATE, EVACUATE” Commence commands ”Open Seat Belt - Leave Everything – This Way” when ready to evacuate. Re evaluate the exit, secure yourself, open the door if the exit is safe and start the evacuation. OR 3. “ CABIN CREW AND PASSENGERS TO REMAIN SEATED” The Captain has assessed that the situation does not require an immediate evacuation; however, Cabin crew are required to remain in the state of Alert at their stations and to wait for further instructions 4. “ CABIN CREW REVERT TO NORMAL OPERATION” Indicates that the state of Alert no longer exists and an evacuation is no longer necessary. 3.2 Rejected Take-off (RTO) or Unplanned Emergency Landing 1.

Whenever a take off or landing manoeuvre exhibits a definite difference in forces, sounds, attitudes from the normal, Cabin Crew are to determine the necessity to prepare the passengers for a possible impact and if deemed appropriate adopt the crew brace position and shout Bend down, stay down in a synchronized manner until the aircraft has come to a complete stop If an emergency si tuation arises that may dic tate evacuation, the Captain will command:

2. “ ATTENTION CREW AT STATIONS” . This command will be heard when the aircraft has come to a complete stop. Open seat belt, stand up, evaluate the outside condition and anticipate the Captains instructions.


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The Captain will then command one of the followi ng: 3.

“ ALL AVAILAB LE EXITS EVACUATE, EVACUATE” Commence commands ”Open Seat Belt - Leave Everything – This Way” when ready to evacuate. Re evaluate the exit, secure yourself, open the door if the exit is safe and start the evacuation OR

4. “ CABIN CREW AND PASSENGERS TO REMAIN SEATED” The Captain has assessed that the situation does not require an immediate evacuation; however, Cabin crew are required to remain in the state of Alert at their stations and to wait for further instructions 5. “ CABIN CREW REVERT TO NORMAL OPERATION” Indicates that the state of Alert no longer exists and an evacuation is no longer necessary 3.3

Between Take-off and Return to Field If an emergency situation arises that may dictate returning to the field and evacuation, the Captain will command:

1. “ ATTENTION CREW AT STATIONS” . This command will be heard two minutes (2000 feet) prior to touch down. Remain seated with seat belt fastened. 2. “ BRACE, BRACE” This command will be heard 30 seconds (500 feet) prior to touchdown. Commence commands “ Bend Down, Stay Down” until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. 3. “ ATTENTION CREW AT STATIONS” This command will be heard when the aircraft has come to a complete stop. Open seat belt, stand up, evaluate the outside condition and anticipate the Captains instructions The Captain will then command one of t he followi ng: 4. “ ALL AVAILAB LE EXITS EVACUATE, EVACUATE” Commence commands ”Open Seat Belt - Leave Everything – This Way” when ready to evacuate. Re evaluate the exit, secure yourself, open the door if the exit is safe and start the evacuation OR

5. “ CABIN CREW AND PASSENGERS TO REMAIN SEATED” The Captain has assessed that the situation does not require an immediate evacuation; however, Cabin crew are required to remain in the state of Alert at their stations and to wait for further instructions


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6. “ CABIN CREW REVERT TO NORMAL OPERATION” Indicates that the state of Alert no longer exists and an evacuation is no longer necessary. Note: In a smoke threatening situation, before an emergency landing, the smoke hood will be worn when the command from the Captain “Attention Crew at Stations” is heard. 4. Ant ici pated Emergency Landing Emergency Calls 1. In case of anticipated emergency landing, a command will come from the Flight Crew over the PA, “ Purser to the flight deck”. 2. The Purser or nominated delegate will go to the flight deck immediately. 3. The remaining cabin crew will clear the cabin of all trolleys, return to their stations and await a briefing call from either the Purser or the Captain. 4. The Captain will brief the Purser about the NITS briefing: Nature of Emergency Intentions of the Captain in-command. Time available to prepare. Specific instructions and direction. 5. Purser will brief the other Cabin Crew Members.

6. Purser will brief and instruct passengers over the PA, in a calm professional manner. If PA is not serviceable, megaphone will be used. Passenger Briefing and Instructions/Cabin Preparation 1. Secure galleys, lavatories and stowage’s i.e dog houses etc 2. Prepare water, and necessary equipment for quick removal from the aircraft. 3. Ask passengers to return to their seats. 4. Position seat backs in upright position tray tables stowed, seat armrest down and ensure arm PVS screens are secured. 5. Ensure window blinds are opened. 6. Instruct passengers to stow all baggage securely in the proper location. 7. Remove and/or stow all high heel shoes, sharp object, glasses, false teeth, headsets etc. and place them in the paper bag in the seat pocket. 8. Passengers to loosen tight clothing, remove neck ties. 9. Fasten seat belts tight and low. 10. Demonstrate exits. 11. Demonstrate brace position. 12. Select and brief Able-Bodied Passengers (ABP). Positioning crew or crew travelling as passengers will be your first choice. 13. Re-seat passengers if necessary, and assign ABP’s to help where needed.


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15. In a smoke threatening situation, before an emergency landing, the Smoke Hood will be worn when the command from the flight crew. " Attention Crew at Stations" is heard. 16. Advise purser when cabin is ready. Purser in turn will advise captain. 17. Take designated seat and secure yourself Wait for further instructions.

1. “ ATTENTION CREW AT STATIONS” . This command will be heard from the Captain two minutes (2000 feet) prior to touch down. Remain seated with seat belt fastened. 2. “ BRACE, BRACE” This command will be heard 30 seconds (500 feet) prior touchdown. Commence commands “ Brace, Brace” until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. 3. “ ATTENTION CREW AT STATIONS” This command will be heard when the aircraft has come to a complete stop. Open seat belt, stand up, evaluate the outside condition and anticipate the Captains instructions. The Captain will then command one of the followi ng: 4. “ ALL AVAILABLE EXITS EVACUATE, EVACUATE” Commence commands “Open seat belt, leave every thing, this w ay”, when ready to evacuate. Re-evaluate your exit, secure yourself, open safe exit and start evacuation. OR 5. “ CABIN CREW AND PASSENGERS TO REMAIN SEATED” The Captain has assessed that the situation does not require an immediate evacuation; however, Cabin crew are required to remain in the state of Alert at their stations and to wait for further instructions.

6. “ CABIN CREW REVERT TO NORMAL OPERATION” Indicates that the state of Alert no longer exists and an evacuation is no longer necessary.


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7. Evacuation Command Flow Chart Note: In all emergency cases, should the situation deteriorate the Captain can still initi ate an evacuation d uring the state of Alert .

Alert Phase (Aircraft Stopped) “This is the Captain” “Attention Crew at Stations”

“Evacuate Evacuate”

“Cabin Crew and Passengers remain Seated” (State of Alert still required) Precautionary Disembarkation End of Alert Phase “Cabin “Crew revert to normal operations”

Evacuation: 1.

If the aircraft veered and experienced severe structural damage and no command is heard from the cockpit, the purser must attempt to contact the flight crew and if necessary order evacuation via the PA 2. After evacuation command and/or prior to opening any exit, check outside conditions for fire and/or smoke. In case any or both are available, use up-wind exits. 3. If one exit is not usable for any reason, direct passengers to another available exit. 4. In case of Cabin Crew incapacitation at an exit, the Cabin Crew in-charge of the opposite exit will be responsible for both exits. 5. In case of a catastrophic emergency and no evacuation command is received; 6. any cabin crew member may initiate evacuation. The aircraft must be evacuated within 90 seconds. 7. Check complete evacuation of the aircraft, then evacuate. 8. After evacuation, direct passengers away, 200 yards from the aircraft.


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Evacuation Guidelines There are many factors that contribute to the successful evacuation of an aircraft: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

The procedural knowledge of the cabin crew: This includes training, experience and behavior. The aircraft configuration, the layout of the cabin.(Number of seats and aisles). The environment inside and outside the aircraft (e.g., the presence of smoke, fire, the cabin lighting, and outside conditions). The behavior of the passengers, their age, level of fitness and motivation.

During an emergency, it is essential for the cabin crew to be able to apply their knowledge of procedures and rapidly adapt to the situation. In the case of a life threatening situation onboard the aircraft, it is essential that the aircraft is evacuated quickly and efficiently to increase the occupants chances of survival. Cabin Configuration The cabin configuration can have an impact on the efficiency of the evacuation. To enhance the situational awareness skills of the cabin crew, they should be familiar with the cabin layout and the areas where congestion may occur, due to: ♦ The passenger seating density. ♦ The location of galleys, lavatories, etc. ♦ Restricted visibility. ♦ Passengers arriving from different directions to the exits. Some exits, for example the forward and aft exits, may be under utilized because the majority of passengers are seated in the mid section of the aircraft and will be drawn towards their nearest exits. It may be necessary for the cabin crew to redirect passengers to other usable exits to avoid congestion and to maximize the use of all the usable exits, in order to evacuate the aircraft as rapidly as possible. To achieve this, cabin crew must be aware of what is happening in the cabin. One of the key elements to an efficient evacuation is effective crowd control and cabin management by the cabin crew. The actions and commands of the cabin crew will influence the performance of the passengers during the evacuation. 1. The objectives for cabin crewmembers are:  

To quickly establish the passenger flow at each usable exit. To evacuate the aircraft as quickly as possible.

2. The cabin crew must use positive verbal commands and appropriate body language, in order to efficiently direct passengers towards the exits and assist them down the slides. Note: Cabin crew must also be prepared to use some physical force, if necessary, to evacuate some passengers from the aircraft.


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The commands used by the cabin crew should be: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Assertive. Positive. Short. Loud. Clear.

Note: The cabin crew must be assertive and in complete control of the evacuation. 3.

Situational awareness will play a large part in the evacuation process. The cabin crew must be able to assess not only what is happening at their exit, but also what is happening inside the cabin. The cabin crewmembers must be able to: ♦ ♦ ♦

Assess the flow of passengers from the exits and be aware of changes to the passenger flow rate. Be aware of the status of the other exits, especially when redirecting the passengers. To adapt their actions and commands when the cabin is congested or an exit is dried up, in order to keep the evacuation flowing and maximize the use of all exits.

As sessi ng th e Out si de Cond iti on s: Before opening the door the cabin crew must assess the outside conditions and check that the slide deployment area is clear of: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Smoke. Fire. Obstacles. Debris.

Cabin Crew Acti ons At Usable Exits: Once the exit has been opened, the cabin crew must visually check that the slide is fully deployed and inflated. Cabin crewmember must stand clear of the exit in the dedicated assist space, and hold on to the fuselage assist handle. Cabin crew must monitor the evacuation, and maintain an even flow of passengers from each exit; the cabin crew should use commands, such as: ♦ “Open seat belt" ♦ “Leave every thing" ♦ “This way" ♦ “Jump and slide"


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Some passengers may try to sit on the door sill before going down the slide. This must be avoided, as it will delay the flow of passengers from the exit. The cabin crew must be aware of what is happening inside the cabin and outside the aircraft. The cabin crew must: ♦ Keep shouting their commands to bring passengers to the exits. ♦ Be aware of any developments that would render the exit unusable, for example:   

Slide damage. Fire in the area. External hazard.

Cabin Crew Actions At Unusable Exits: An exit may be unusable at the beginning of the evacuation, for one of the following reasons: ♦ The exit is jammed, and will not open. ♦ Slide does not deploy correctly or the slide is damaged. ♦ There are external hazards. Cabin crewmember who is responsible for the unusable exit must inform passengers that the exit is blocked and redirect them to the nearest usable exit. Note: Cabin crewmember must guard the exit to prevent it from being used. When redirecting passengers, cabin crewmember should listen to the other crewmembers giving the command to "Come this way" or "Jump" for confirmation that another exit is usable. Redirect passengers to the nearest usable exit with the appropriate positive commands and gestures, such as: ♦ “Go ahead, go straight". ♦ Go that way" with the appropriate gesture and body language. ♦ “Quick, quick." ♦ “Hurry up, hurry up." Cabin crew must be aware of the environment inside and outside the cabin. If the situation changes during the evacuation, for example: ♦ ♦ ♦

The slide becomes damaged. A fire develops in the area. There are other external hazards.

Then the cabin crewmember at the unusable exit must perform the following actions: ♦ ♦ ♦

Stop the evacuation. Block the exit and redirect passengers to the nearest usable exit. Guard the exit.


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Pre-Cabin Crew Evacuation: When the flow of passengers to the exit begins to slow down, cabin crew should check the cabin and call all remaining passengers to the exits. When the flow of passengers has stopped, cabin crew should check their assigned area for any remaining passengers. Once the assigned area is empty, or it is no longer safe to remain onboard the aircraft, the cabin crewmember should evacuate through the first usable exit. If an evacuation occurs away from an airfield, the cabin crew should take their assigned emergency equipment from the aircraft, if the situation permits. Precautionary Disembarkation A Precautionary Disembarkation of passengers and crew is required for any situation not covered by the emergency evacuation where a significant hazard exists but there is time to conduct a controlled disembarkation. 

The success of passenger precautionary disembarkation will depend upon good briefings and clear passenger announcements. It is therefore essential that cockpit communication with the Cabin Crew and passengers is clear and concise to ensure that the precautionary disembarkation is done in a controlled and orderly manner. This will ensure that there are minimal injuries.



If possible, prior to the precautionary disembarkation, the Captain will brief the Purser on the doors to be used, and the availability of steps or the use of evacuation slides (in the event that steps are not available or not usable, and in turn, the Purser will brief the Cabin Crew.

Procedures Captain will make P.A. “ Attention Crew At Stations” . 

1.

When aircraft in positi on and steps/aerobrid ge AVAILABLE : Captain will make P.A.: “Attention Ladies & Gentlemen, this is your Captain.It is necessary to disembark the aircraft as a precaution, from steps at the front/rear, right/left of the aircraft. Leave all your belongings on the aircraft and follow the cabin crews’ instructions.” Cabin Crew: “Prepare (selected doors e.g. L1, R1, L3, R3). Crosscheck and open doors”.

2.

Cabin Crew will disarm (selected doors), check, crosscheck and open doors.

3.

Cabin Crew must instruct passengers to leave their baggage on board and to disembark in a normal manner. Avoid over-crowding.


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When airc raft in po sit ion and steps/aerobrid ge NOT AVAILABLE : 1.

Captain will make P.A. : “Attention Ladies & Gentlemen, this is your Captain. It is necessary to disembark the aircraft as a precaution. As steps are not available at this time, it will be necessary to use the evacuation slides at the front/rear, right/left of the aircraft. Leave all your belongings on the aircraft and follow the cabin crews’ instructions.” Cabin Crew:” Open (selected doors e.g. L1, R1, L3,R3)”.

2.

Cabin Crew will ensure the (selected doors) are armed and then open doors. Cabin Crew must instruct passengers to remove their shoes and carry them along during disembarkation. Cabin Crew must instruct passengers to leave their baggage on board. Cabin Crew must wear their high visibility emergency vests during preparation and disembarkation. Cabin Crew to instruct passengers to sit and slide during disembarkation. During disembarkation at night, cabin crew may consider the use of torches and megaphones if needed.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.



If im mediate Passenger EVACUATION is requir ed : Standard planned emergency and evacuation procedures will be followed.


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Brace Positio ns

Cabin Crew Brace Positi on

Seat belt and shoulder harness securely fastened with back firmly against the seat

Knees together, feet firmly on the floor placed as far forward as possible and pressed down firmly

Hands braced on seat cushion under legs

Af t f aci ng Ju mp seat : Head and body are pressed back into the seat

Forward facing Jump seat: Head is bending forward to prevent whiplash effect


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Passenger Br ace Positi on

Seat belt fastened low and tight

Feet firmly on the floor, slightly apart

Lean forward as far as possible

Place hands and arms against the front seat; instruct passengers not to hold the edge of seat back with fingers

Passengers must remain in the brace position until the aircraft has come to a complete stop

Pregnant women: Pregnant women should be instructed to place the seat belt low so it applies its forces to pelvis

Passenger with i nfant: The infant should be held sitting upright and facing the adult. The adult should place one arm around the infant’s torso and head and the other arm against the seat back in front. It is very important for the adult to lean forward as much as possible to protect the infant; the closer the adult is to the seat back ahead, the better.

Note: Passengers who have physical limitation should adopt the same brace position as the pregnant lady.


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Cabin Crew take off and landing position Cabin Crew should adopt the below semi - brace position for every takeoff and landing:

Seat belt and shoulder harness securely fastened with back firmly against the seat

Knees together, feet firmly on the floor placed as far forward as possible and pressed down firmly

Hands braced on seat cushion under legs with palms facing upwards


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Survival Desert Sur vival Af ter Ev acu ati on • • • • • • • •

Ranking Crew Member will take charge. Direct passengers away, 200 yards from the aircraft and stay in one group. Use megaphone. Make no statement to anyone about the accident. The Management of Emirates Airlines will take care of that. Stay away from the aircraft until engines have cooled down and spilled fuel and oil have evaporated. Check injuries and render first aid. Handle severe bleeding first. Prepare shelter against hot sun, using blankets and aircraft wings. The wreckage can be used as a shelter at night. The Captain or Ranking Crew Member will keep a register log of all details, as from the crash time.

Survival • • • • • •

.

•

Remain in one group near the aircraft or join a civilised area if within reach. Water will be the biggest problem. Do not waste it. Keep your head and the back of your neck covered. Stay in the shade. Keep shoes on. Wear long pants and shirts with sleeves rolled down. Should you need to travel, do that only at night. In tropics, take shelter from rain, sun, insects and Malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Exposure to desert sun can be dangerous. It can cause: - Heat Cramps. - Heat Exhaustion. - Heat Stroke. Do not worry about food; its consumption will only make you feel thirsty.

Desert shelters


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Desert clot hing

4 pieces of clot h

Makin g Arab –Type headdress

Face cloth T- Shirt u sed as face protection against sand

Improvised footgear

Neck clot h

Water

Desert Clothing

When you have to look for water: 1. In a sand dune belt, search between the outer most dunes of the area rather than the middle. 2. In stony desert country, look for dry stream beds. Dig at the lowest point on the outside of a bend in the stream channel. 3. In mud flats during winters, you may find wet mud at the lowest point. 4. In some deserts, you may be able to collect dew. 5. Collect rain water. 6. Wells and water holes which are usually indicated by the presence of small hills.


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Water Purification 1. 2. 3. 4.

Boiling Iodine Halazone Chlorine-

For 3 minutes after boiling. 10 drops in one gallon for 30'. One tablet in one gallon for one hour. One teaspoonful in one gallon for on hour.

Effective Date: 01 Apri l 1996 Section: 300

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Jungle Survival Jungle characteristic s 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Remote tropical zone which includes areas of desert, swamp and rain forest. High temperature in the day time and cools a little at night. When it rains, it falls hard and relentlessly. It can lower the temperature slightly, but when it stops, the temperature will soar very quickly. The humidity level is 90% most of the time. There is plentiful of water supply but far from clean. Germs, disease, parasites, large snakes, scorpions and bugs are rife. Home of mosquito, leech, poisonous caterpillar, bees, wasps and hornets. The territory may also be shared with larger animals such as wild pigs, tigers and other large cats.

A) Pr epar in g f or lan di ng Be adequately clothed to protect against wild life. Prepare to take from the aircraft: 1. 2. 3.

Clean potable water. First Aid kits, especially insect repellents and water purifying tablets. Blankets or excess clothing to make shelters and for protection.

Effect ive Date: 01 September 2000 Section: 300

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B) After Evacuatio n 1. Stay away from the aircraft until engines have cooled down and spilled fuel and oil have evaporated. 2. Check injuries and render first aid. Handle severe bleeding first. 3. Prepare shelter against rain, using blankets and aircraft wings. 4. The wreckage can be used as a shelter from rain and creatures of the jungle. 5. The Captain or Ranking Crew Member will keep a register log of all details, as from the crash time. 6. Do not worry about food; its consumption will only make you feel thirsty. 7. Remain in one group near the aircraft or join a civilised area if within reach. 8. Water will be the biggest problem. Do not waste it.

C) Survival Protection against Insects 1. Keep complete body covered. 2. Try to tuck trousers into socks or wrap fabric around the outside of trouser bottoms to seal them and tuck scarves and handkerchiefs around the neck. 3. Cover feet with socks and clothing. 4. Cover head and make a fringe with cloth, tee-shirt material or vegetation that hangs down over the face. This is important at dawn and dusk. 5. Keep covered during the nights. Use insect repellent. Oil, fat and mud can be used on the hands and face. 6. Smoking a cigarette or lighting a fire keeps insects at bay. 7. Brush off caterpillar and similar creatures. Remove them by burning them with a cigarette or by dabbing them with salt or alcohol. 8. Shake clothing and shoes well before putting them on. 9. Be careful when putting hands into bags and pockets at all times.


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Water 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Use water removed from the aircraft. Water in the jungle will not be clean. It needs to be purified and sterilised. Strain the water first and then boil it or add purification tablets. Use reverse osmosis pump. Use rain water. Be suspicious of pools, lakes that may contain natural gases or chemicals. Try not to drink it.

Food 1. 2. 3.

Food is not a priority. Avoid eating food which makes you ill or thirsty. Use food salvaged from the aircraft.

Shelters 1. 2. 3. 4.

Build shelters on dry ground and sleep off the ground for protection against insects on the jungle floor. Shelter from the rain. Use the aircraft as a shelter or use items from the aircraft such as slide/rafts and escape slides. Thin branches with thick vegetation can be bent down to provide covering from rainfall.

Man-eating Anim als 1. 2. 3.

Aircraft fuselage may provide protection from the large animals. Fire is the best deterrent. Remain together in one group.

Lavatory Arrangements 1. 2.

Deposit all waste well away from shelters and water sources. Caution must be exercised when going to the toilet against being bitten or stung in sensitive areas.


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Tropic (Jungle) Shelters


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Signalling Rescue 406 Emergency Locator Transmitter (A330/A340-300)

Description The transmitter provides homing signal by transmitting distress signals simultaneously on three frequencies: 1. 121.5 MHz (civil) and 243.0 MHz (military) for approximately 50 hours. 2. The Rescue 406 also transmits a signal to satellite frequency 406 MHz for approximately 24 hours. The R406 is a compact buoyant transmitter with: 1. water activated battery; 2. A self erecting antenna; 3. 18 meters long lanyard cord; 4. A special water bag located under the lanyard; The Rescue 406 is powered by an electrolyte solution and is provided with a pouch of salt for this purpose.

Pre-flight check Ensure availability at respective locations.


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Operation The R406 can operate on land or on water.

On Land 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Move the unit to a high area, clear of obstruction. With a hand over the antenna, break the tape restraining the antenna and allow the antenna to erect. Unwind the lanyard and retrieve the plastic bag. Remove the pouch of salt from the plastic bag and retain. Using the plastic bag, break open the pouch of salt provided (20 ml. or 4 tsp.) and mix with 1/2 bag (1 litre or 2 pints) of water, weak tea or weak coffee. Slowly insert the base of the Rescue 406 into the plastic bag containing the mixed salt solution. Some solution may overflow. Ensure the solution covers the two vent holes located on the sides of the 406 at all times. Support the Rescue 406 so that the liquid does not spill and the antenna is vertical. Stand clear of the antenna approximately 60 ft. or 18 m. for best transmission.

R 406


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On Water 1. 2. 3. 4.

Unroll the free end of cord at top of beacon; Tie cord securely to raft; Put beacon into water; Beacon will operate automatically in a few seconds and will drift out to the end of 18 m cord.

Caution Be careful to hold the antenna away from you when releasing it during land use of the Rescue 406. Inverting the Rescue 406 upside down will stop transmission.


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Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) - B777/A340-500 Description: The ELT is designed to transmit digital distress signals simultaneously on three frequencies: 1. 2.

Satellite Transmission: Associated Homing Transmission:

406.025 MHZ 121.5 MHZ and 243 MHZ

The high energy battery has autonomy greater than 48 hours. The front face of the beacon is equipped with: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

TC electrical connector, for connecting up to the aircraft remote control panel. ANT connector, for connecting up the Antenna. AUTO/OFF/ON switch for activating the ELT. TX indicator light to indicate ELT activation (real distress). An 8 meter lanyard is provided on the side of the ELT to attach it to a slide/raft. An Antenna is positioned in a hole in the unit.

Pre-Flight Check: 1. 2. 3.

Ensure availability at respective locations. Switch in auto position. Ensure antenna is fitted.

SUPPORT ASSEMBL Y

ANTENNA LANYARD

BEACON


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Manual Operation: (On Land – At Sea) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Remove locking pin in the bracket assembly. Remove ELT from its bracket assembly. Erect the antenna. Pull switch and move it to ON position. The red indicator light and the aural indicator, indicates ELT activation.

The actual distress signal will be transmitted after 150 seconds. This state will be displayed by flashing on indicator light: 1 second ON, 1.5 second OFF. Place the ELT up right in an obstacle-free area. If on a lake or at sea, attach the ELT the slide raft by means of the lanyard and allow it to float. ELT Shut Down In the event of false maneuver or untimely operation, carry out the ELT shutdown: The ELT is shut down by switching the beacon’s AUTO/OFF/ON toggle switch to OFF. (Pull and slide to OFF).

ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR

SWITCH

RED ACTIVATION LIGHT

ANTENNA CONNECTOR

FRONT FACE


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The Automatic Distress Transmitt er (ADT 406 S) From A6-EWI (B777-200LR) and A6-ECM (B777-300ER) onwards. 1. Description: The ADT 406 S is designed to transmit digital distress signals simultaneously on three frequencies: 1.1 1.2

Satellite Transmission: Associated Homing Transmission:

406.028 MHZ 121.5 MHZ and 243 MHZ

The high energy battery has autonomy greater than 60 hours.

AIM: Activation Identification Module (water sensor)

Velcro Strap

Metallic strap

The front face of the beacon is equipped with the following components:

• • • • • •

WHIP ANT female connector, for connecting up the Antenna. ARMED/OFF/ON lockable toggle switch for activating the ADT. Test push button for beacon self test. TX indicator light to indicate ADT activation (real distress and self test process). An 8 meter lanyard is provided on the side of the ADT to attach it to a slide/raft. An Antenna is positioned in the bracket hole.


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2. Pre-Flight Check: 2.1 2.2 2.3

Ensure availability at respective locations. Switch in ARMED position. Ensure antenna is fitted.

3. Land Operation: 3.1

To remove ADT from its bracket assembly, open the velcro strap and pull firmly on the ADT transmitter to break the metallic strap at the AIM (Activation Identification Module) side, the antenna will be erected automatically.

3.2

Pull switch and move it to ON position. An automatic self test sequence is performed then the ADT is positioned in a waiting condition for about 30 seconds. This state is displayed by flashing on indicator light, 1.75 second ON, 0.25 second OFF. This delay will avoid unwanted activation.

3.3

The red indicator light and the aural indicator, indicates ADT 406S activation, the state is displayed by flashing on indicator light: 0.5 second ON, 0.5 second OFF.

Caution: Make sure that the antenna is deployed and placed in a vertical position. For maximum power transmission, the antenna must be in an obstacle free area and away of any metallic pieces.


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4. Sea Operatio n 4.1 Automatic activation 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4

The aircraft has to be evacuated. Remove the ADT from its support Secure it to the slide raft and allow it to float. The water sensor will detect sufficient water to trigger it. The visual and audio indicators will confirm ADT activation.

4.2 Manual activatio n 4.2.1 The water sensor has not been triggered. 4.2.2 Pull switch and move it to ON position. ADT Shut Dow n In the event of false manoeuvre or untimely operation, carry out the ADT shutdown: The ADT is shut down by switching the beacon’s ARMED/OFF/ON toggle switch to OFF (Pull and slide to OFF).


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Flares The flare is a signalling device used when search and Rescue (SAR) are seen or heard so to attract their attention to your position. The day side generates bright PINK smoke. The night side produces a RED torch. Note: In darkness, the night flare can easily be identified by the 8 ribs cap, the day flare side is fitted with 4 ribs cup

Operation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Unscrew the cap and point away from body Pull ball out sharply to fire. Hold at arm's length, plug will eject after 2 seconds Flares must be used down wind side. After using one end, dip flare in water to cool. Save the other end to be used for later if needed.

Warning If the day flare starts to give flames, dip it momentarily in water. * * *

If flare fails to ignite, never turn it to look at it, as it could flare up in your face. In case of ditching, lean safely as far as possible out of the slide raft to ensure that hot drippings do not damage the slide raft.

Signalling Mirror

How To Use Signall ing Mirr or Hold mirror a few inches from face and sight at airplane through hole. Spot of light through hole will fall on face, hand or shirt. Adjust angle or mirror until reflection of light spot in rear of mirror disappears through hole while you are sighting on airplane through hole. Do not continue to flash mirror in direction of plane after receipt of signal has been acknowledged.


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Non-Standard Signall ing Devices 1. Fire (Effective at night) In the shape of a triangle, 25 - 30 meters each side. 2. Smoke (Effective during the day) Hydrocarbon fire, i.e. oil, rubber, etc. in the shape of a triangle, 25 - 30 meters each side. 3. Distinctiv e Colours Various coloured materials will attract attention. 4. Shiny Materials Broken lavatory mirror, engine cowling, will attract attention. 5. Sand Shadow Make sand dunes, high enough in the presence of the sun will create shadows.

C)

Ground - Air Emergency Codes Ground air visual signal code for use by survivor s No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Message Require Assistance Require Medical Assistance No or Negative Yes or Affirmative Proceeding in this direction

Code Symbol V X N Y


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Ditching a.

Chain of Command 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

b.

Captain. First Officer (Co-pilot). Purser (PUR). Senior Flight Steward/ess (SFS). Cabin Crew Member (CCM). Positioning Crew Member (PCM), if available. Able-Bodied Passenger (ABP), instructed.

Plan of Action Any Crew Member may initiate evacuation in case of extreme/catastrophic emergency. When evacuation is in progress, it can only be stopped by a ranking Crew Member. Cabin Crew Members will operate their respective exits and slide/rafts during ditching, and Flight Deck Crew Members will be throughout the cabin to command, direct evacuation and assist where necessary.

c.

Primary Exits

A330/A340 B777-200 B777-300 d.

LR1, LR2 and LR4 doors. All fuselage doors LR1, LR2, LR4 and LR 5 doors

Second ary Exits

A330/A340 B777-200 B777-300 -

LR3 doors. None. LR3 doors.

An ti ci pat ing Dit ch in g Emergency Calls 1. 2. 3. 4.

In case of anticipated ditching, a command will come from the cockpit over the P.A: “ Purser To The Flight Deck” . The Captain will brief the Purser about t he NITS briefing. The Purser will brief the other Cabin Crew Members. The Purser will brief and instruct passengers over the PA in a calm professional manner. If PA is not serviceable, a megaphone will be used.

.


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Passenger Briefing and Instructions/Cabin Preparation 1. 2. 3. 4.

Secure galleys, lavatories and stowage’s i.e dog houses etc Prepare water, and necessary equipment for quick removal from the aircraft. Ask passengers to return to their seats. Position seat backs in upright position tray tables stowed, seat armrest down and ensure arm PVS screens are secured. 5. Ensure window blinds are opened 6. Instruct passengers to stow all baggage securely in the proper location. 7. Remove and/or stow all high heel shoes, sharp object, glasses, false teeth, headsets etc. and place them in the paper bag in the seat pocket. 8. Passengers to loosen tight clothing, remove neck ties. 9. Fasten seat belts tight and low 10. Demonstrate exits 11. Demonstrate brace position. 12. Demonstrate life jacket use and have passengers wear life jackets. Instruct them to inflate life jacket prior to leaving the aircraft because of the following reasons: - They will not be able to brace. - Life jacket may get punctured. - Evacuation may be delayed. Note: Infant life jackets and baby survival cots will be inflated during cabin preparation. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

Select and brief Able-Bodied Passengers (ABP). Positioning crew or crew travelling as passengers will be your first choice. Re-seat passengers if necessary, and assign ABP’s to help where needed. Show Emergency Landing video (Captains permission required) Advise purser when cabin is ready. Purser in turn will advise captain. Take designated seat and secure yourself 2 minutes (2000ft) prior to impact flight crew will announce, “ Attention Crew At Stations”. ½ a minute (500ft) prior to impact the flight crew will announce “ Brace, Brace” . Instruct passengers to brace and remain in the brace position until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. When evacuation is imminent, cockpit will announce, “ Attention Crew At Station” . Initiate evacuation upon hearing the command, “ All Available Exits, Evacuate, Evacuate”


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.

Evacuation Cabin Crew responsible for main doors a) Determine which exits are usable. Ensure that door sill is above water level. b) Open the door in ARMED configuration. c) Pull manual inflation handle. Do not wait for automatic inflation.

Water level close to door sill -

Slide/raft is inflated on water Keep slide/raft attached to girt bar. Board passengers into slide/raft directly. After your boarding, disconnect slide/raft from girt bar and command it. Cut mooring line and push away.

Water level too far from door si ll a) Disconnect slide/raft from girt bar. Slide/raft remains tied to the aircraft by a 20 feet mooring line. b) Hold mooring line to approach the slide/raft close to the exit. c) Evacuate passengers into the slide/raft. d) Crew members board slide/raft last. e) Cut mooring line. f) Retrieve survival kit attached via the lanyard to the slide/raft. g) Tie down all emergency equipment and survival kit to prevent loss should the slide/raft capsize. h) Use heaving line to retrieve survivors from the water and direct them to boarding stations. i) Tie slide/rafts together..


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After evacuation Sea Survival A)

Sea Worthiness 1. Distribute load equally with occupants back to the periphery and their feet to the centre. 2. Deploy and check sea anchor. 3. Retrieve emergency equipment and survival kit. 4. Get rid of items that may puncture or damage the slide/raft. 5. Check pressure of buoyancy chambers. Use hand pump if necessary.

B)

Survival 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Avoid exposure to severe weather conditions. Erect the canopy. Bail and dry the slide/raft. Maintain the slide/raft dry. Remove wet clothes and dry them as much as possible. Keep all unused equipment in the centre. While in the slide/raft, life jacket must be kept on. However, for comfort purpose, if necessary, life jackets may be partially deflated. Protection against Hypothermia if in the water:

a) Do not remove the life vest. b) The life vest is designed to keep you afloat with head above the water.

c) Do not discard clothing under any circumstances.

d) Stay still and assume the Heat Escape Lessening Position (H.E.L.P.) or HUDDLE position.

Note :

Being in the slide/raft and out of the water will greatly extend survival time.


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Water: a) Life expectancy without water is 4 to 8 days. b) Catch rain water with the canopy. c) Avoid drinking unconditioned sea water. Continued consumption may cause death by about the 6th day. Food: a) Life expectancy without food is 2 to 3 weeks, provided water is available. b) Food ration in the slide/raft will provide maximum energy with minimum water requiremen c) Food other than the ration will only make you feel thirsty. NOTE: Food and water rations in the slide/raft are for the normal capacity for 24 hours. C) Signalling 1.

Activate the R406, the ELT or ADT without delay.

2. USE: (When search & rescue aircraft is heard) a) Dye marker. The sea dye marker is a bright colour dye filled bag. It is used when rescuers are seen or heard by immersing the bag into the water after securing it to the slide/raft. NOTE: Use during the day time on the up wind side only. b) Signalling mirror. c) Flares.


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Polar Survival SURVIVAL – FIRST AND FOREMOST IS A “ STATE OF MIND” Which is mostly the “ THE WILL TO LIVE” and having the right ATTITUDE, where attitude is: The capacity to accept im mediately the realit y of th e situation y ou are in and to react accordin gly, by: Understanding your environment, the impact it has on you and knowin g your equipment. Your Equipment will assist you, but only by: Knowing w hat you have, where it is and how to use it correctly or to impr ovise.

Preface This document does not attempt to cover the subject of survival, albeit polar survival, in complete detail. To do so would require many more pages of both words and pictures – and still be deficient. In addition, it in no way attempts to replace the most useful form of training and that is learning from the combination of the classroom and the experience of being there – feeling how cold, cold really is, whilst you are trying to live (survive) in sub-zero temperatures. A thorough understanding of what it is truly like can only come from doing it. These words are aimed at providing you, the reader, with sufficient information so that you are able to have some degree of mental preparation for an environment that (for the populous majority) is totally hostile. In addition, this document is biased toward an airline crew’s perspective and hence does not provide details on other aspects of survival in sub zero environments (information like the construction of snow caves etc). If by reading this you learn a little and if your life ever presents you with this (or a similar) challenge then I hope you will recall enough to maintain that tenacity for the will to live and to NEVER give up hope. Cold Temperature Survival (polar regions) Success in polar survival is the same as in other survival situations, lies in having the proper mental attitude, knowing where your equipment is, how to use it; and remembering that Heat and Energy MUST be conserved. Your Personal Responsibi lity At a personal level, if you want to survive you most likely will. However, if you hesitate, are undecided or doubtful then you won’t survive – FACT!!


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As a Gro up If the group is to survive in the hostile polar environment, good leadership is critical, as people will follow if led and anarchy if not. The Challenges 1. 2. 3.

Hypothermia Frostbite Attitude

The solution (i.e. your Survival) to the challenge is in knowledge. So a thorough understanding of what your challenges are will better prepare you and assist your psychological preparation for the all-important ‘right Attitude’. Hypothermia HYPOTHERMIA – What is it and why is it dangerous? Hypothermia - a lowering (or cooling) of the core body temperature. Hypothermia is defined as a core temperature of less than 35 degrees Celsius. The reduction of the core temperature is induced by (obviously) exposure to cold environments and the inability of the body to maintain its temperature (37C). You can become unconscious should your core body temperature fall below 32C, and death can follow if your core temperature falls below 30C. How does this cool ing occur There are many facets to the cooling of the body; from being wet to just doing nothing. Working hard whilst out in the cold and not eating, not wearing the correct clothing, having exposed skin in a blizzard or even just breathing too hard. There are others like age, physical condition and alcohol. All these factors in their own way can contribute to the risk of succumbing to the life threatening condition termed ‘Hypothermia’. Being wet (via perspiration or immersion), having exposed skin and not being correctly dressed are the mechanical means of cooling. Knowing what to wear and very importantly, how to wear clothes will determine your risk of succumbing to hypothermia. Al co ho l – d oes it aff ect my su rv ival ti me Alcohol does tend to reduce the body’s tendency to shiver, but it does increase the blood flow to the extremities, which then increases the cooling effect. So refrain from taking alcohol and from giving any.


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Protect you r extremities and guard your ‘core’ You must protect your extremities – Head, hands and feet – and keep them warm. Guard your ‘core’ – don’t perspire, don’t drink cool/cold liquids or alcohol and watch how you breathe. When we speak of Core Temperature, it is the thoracic, or critical core we are concerned with, mainly the area of the heart, lungs and brain. The body can self-compensate for small upward or downward variations in temperature through the activation of a built-in thermoregulatory system, controlled by temperature sensors in the skin. The temperature regulator in your body is the hypothalamus. In effect, the hypothalamus tries to maintain an even temperature throughout including your head, fingers and toes. In cold air, your hands and feet are at most risk as they are at the extreme end of the warm blood flow. Making it worse is that the blood vessels in your fingers and toes are generally quite small so the volume of warm blood getting to your extremities is less than is sometimes required. As the warm blood moves to the colder extremities (fingers and toes), the blood cools as it moves down to the hands and feet. This colder blood then returns to the heart where it is warmed again. This continuous cycle eventually leads to a cooling of the extremities (and later the bodies core), unless you are well protected. The body’s response to a downward variation in temperature is shivering; this is the body's attempt to generate heat. Shivering is an involuntary contraction and expansion of muscles occurring on a large scale. This muscle action creates heat through fr iction. If the cooling continues unchecked, the body sacrifices areas in order to protect the vital internal organs. The first areas sacrificed are the extremities, the hands and feet. So when you are cold and you start feeling the cold the first areas you feel it are in the hands and feet. As such, this cold hands and feet feeling is a sure sign that you are not adequately protected against the cold environment you are in. The head an extremity physically, but it is not an extremity physiologically however, because it is a vital organ and contains our central processor, the brain, it demands a significant amount of the blood flow. Consequently there is a large volume of warm blood flowing to your head and if exposed even slightly, will contribute greatly to the cooling of the bodies core. To guard against this progressive cooling, you need to (as best as you practically can) Cover Your Head, Nose, Hands and Feet. You loose one-third (1/3) of your body’s heat through your head, and one half (1/2) of that heat loss from the head is by breathing through the nose. So cover your head, nose, and you will feel a significant difference.


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Improvise footwear; several layers of fabric will help. Seat covers can make good improvised footwear. Use paper as an innersole to absorb the perspiration – don’t forget to change it every day or when it gets wet. To a large degree, once your feet are warm, you feel warm. Nothing is warmer than 2 pairs of socks – wool socks.

Mittens are the best hand coverings to wear and a beanie is the best head covering. Mittens are best because they provide a pocket of warm air where each of your fingers contributes to a mutual warming. Gloves only try to keep each individual finger warm. The only real disadvantage of the mitten in a survival situation is that it does not have the dexterity of a glove. For the head, the beanie is the best as it covers the majority of the head and can be arranged to cover the ears as well (see more on the ears in fr ostbite). Guard your ‘core’ Protect your whole body from these cold conditions, but particularly the core or the organs contained in your torso. For the best protection your outer garments should be windproof, with a close weave this prevents snow from compacting, but is porous enough to allow water vapours to escape (i.e. not waterproof). However, plastic is sufficient for short periods if exposed in the open to the elements. Plastic if used for long periods will allow condensation to accumulate and then, when the extended activity is finished, the perspiration will freeze. Several layers of light clothing are better than one thick layer. Openings in your garments will allow heat to escape; therefore, any opening should be sealed if possible. This will allow the undergarments to do their job of trapping the air and providing the heat insulation. If you begin to perspire, loosen some closures and allow some of the perspiration to escape – preventing the build up of condensation and the potential for it (condensation) to freeze once your activity slows or stops. Wear wool, it does not absorb water and is warm even when damp. Cotton acts like a wick, absorbing moisture and looses heat 240 times faster than when it is dry. Breathing Breathing as a source of heat loss is often overlooked, but it is a significant contributor to the cooling effect. The air from the lungs is coming from the core of the body where it is warm, in exhaling you are removing air that has been warmed by the core of the body. When you inhale in this hostile environment, you are breathing air that is significantly colder and drawing into the body core thereby cooling it. Gradually, if you don’t protect yourself, you are going to cool down to the point of being hypothermic.


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Also, be mindful that, very cold air brought too rapidly into the lungs will CHILL your whole body; it may also damage the lung tissue and cause internal hemorrhage. When breathing through the nose, just having something like a mitten, a piece of paper or cardboard in front of your nose will cut off the wind and keep you warmer even under the most severe cold conditions. Breathing To Fight the Cold (and conserving energy) ????? - One must exhale completely. Breathing control is aimed at ways to Exhale and NOT about inhaling. One rebuilds strength much better by exhaling properly than by trying to force an air intake, just inhale normally. If you try to exhale slowly and regularly you will be surprised to notice just how little of an effect (the very) cold air has on you – and it is particularly apparent should you happen to immerse yourself in arctic water. The slow exhalation helps your body adapt itself to the very cold water. In any harsh or stressful environments, exhale slowly and in a mindful controlled way. Frostbite Frostbite is a medical condition that can happen to anyone. In the most basic terms, frostbite is when the skin and or the tissue under the skin freezes and causes cell damage. Under extreme conditions, frostbite can occur in seconds. The speed, at which the skin freezes, depends upon how cold and/or windy the ambient conditions are and the duration you are exposure to the conditions. Frostbite most commonly affects the toes, fingers, earlobes, chin, cheeks and the nose. Those who are at greatest risk of getting frostbite include; the elderly, young children, people with circulatory disorders, darker skinned people, people from warmer/tropical climates. Additionally, people who have had previous cold injuries are also particularly at risk of getting frostbite again in the same places. Frostbite can occur in as little as thirty-seconds in extreme conditions, and even faster in the case of chemical injuries – aircraft fuel can be anywhere from –40C to –50C. Factors like wind chill, alcohol consumption, altitude, getting wet or being damp and how long you are exposed will determine how quickly and how severe the frostbite might be. Long term exposure to moderate cold with wet boots can cause a more serious injury than a short-term exposure to severe cold with inadequate boots (in the case of your feet). It is a complex equation that needs to be weighed carefully when being outdoors in the cold.


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Just what does frostbi te do to the tissues? When you are exposed to freezing temperatures, the blood vessels within your extremities (which include your feet, hands, nose, ears, and face being at the highest risk) constrict. With a loss of warming blood flow (or in extreme cases where blood flow cannot compete with the extreme cold), the fluid within your cells and tissues starts to freeze forming ice crystals. These ice crystals take up more room within the cells than when in a fluid state, and cause the cells to rupture. In addition, sudden warming can cause the cells to rupture. This is why large blisters can form when there is superficial or severe frostbite.

Frostb ite has three stages of progression: Frostnip: In this stage, you may experience a ‘pins and needles’ sensation with the skin turning very white and soft. No blistering occurs at this stage. This stage produces no permanent damage and may be reversed by breathing warm breath on the affected area or by soaking in warm water. Superficial Frostbite: In this stage blistering may occur, the skin feels numb, waxy and frozen. Ice crystals form in the skin cells and the rest of the skin remains flexible. Deep Frostb ite: This is the most serious stage of frostbite. In this stage, blood vessels, muscles, tendons, nerves and bone may be frozen. This stage can lead to permanent damage, blood clots and gangrene in severe cases. No feeling is experienced in the affected areas and there is usually no blistering. Serious infection and loss of limbs frequently occurs after frostbite reaches this stage.


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Frostbite can be prevented. Here are some ways to keep warm if you expect to spend any length of time in the cold: 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Wrinkle your face to stop stiff patches forming, pulling muscles in every direction, exercise hands. Watch yourself and others for patches of waxy, reddening or blackened skin, especially face, ears and hands. Layer your clothing. Many layers of thin clothing are warmer than one bulky layer. Air spaces trap body warmth close to the skin, insulating the body against the cold. Wear two or three pairs of socks instead of one heavy pair, for example, and wear roomy shoes. Avoid tight clothing, which will reduce circulation. Dress whilst inside the warmth of the building/aircraft. Don't drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes. Alcohol causes blood to lose heat quickly. Smoking slows blood circulation to the extremities. Never go out without adequate clothing, for however brief a period. Avoid getting clothing wet, through perspiration or water. If you do get wet or damp, then dry them as soon as possible. When you are out of doors, shield your face, etc... from the wind. Knock snow off before going back inside. Wear mittens (gloves if nothing else) and keep them dry. NEVER touch bare metal with exposed skin. Avoid spilling fuel on bare flesh. Be especially careful if you have been working hard and are fatigued.

Remember that the lower the temperature, the greater the risk of frostbite. Even if it is not very cold outside, high winds can reduce temperatures to dangerously low levels, making frostbite more of a danger. Also, people who have experienced frostbite need to be even more careful because they are more likely to suffer from it again. Other factors that may make a person more susceptible to frostbite include being: • wet, • exhausted, • intoxicated by alcohol, and • having taken certain medicines or drugs. Other significant risk factors are smoking, diabetes, known sensitivity to cold and poor circulation Remember: If Frost-bitten, Never, Never, Never – Rub


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It is of particular relevance to note: Once you have been chilled (without any injuries) it takes ‘several hours’ of warmth and rest to return your body temp to normal – regardless of the superficial feelings of comfort. The trick to keeping warm is to follow the C.O.L.D rules: Clean – keep clean, yourself and equipment. Overheat – don’t overheat; allow your clothes to ventilate. Loose – wear clothing that allows the air to circulate. Dry – Keep it dry inside and out. Do Not Take Unnecessary Chances CONTRIBUTING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS The onset of both Hypothermia and Frostbite can be accelerated if exposure to the elements is complicated by wind chill and immersion. Wind chill Wind Chill is a calculated temperature that represents the ‘feel’ to humans of a wind on exposed skin in terms of an equivalent temperature in still air (i.e. what the temperature might feel like if the wind wasn’t blowing). Just a note, you cannot cool to a temperature much lower than that of the wind, but you will cool a lot faster to that temperature if you leave yourself exposed to the wind. Wind Chill is not an exact measurement; there are many parameters that can affect the outcome. For example, the warming effect of the sun, someone who is thin or one whom is wearing damp clothes. Wind Chill should be taken seriously. Wind Chill below –50C to an exposed forehead can be very painful and cause unconsciousness in minutes. If a significant percentage of skin is exposed, core temperature will drop rapidly and induce severe hypothermia, coma and death within 15 to 20 minutes. The table below gives an indication of the comfort factor when exposed to varying degrees of wind chill. Wind Chill Above – 130C Below - 130C, above - 240C Below - 240C, above - 330C Below - 330C, above - 500C Below - 500C

Wind Chill Factor (w/m2) <700 700 to 1200 1200 to 1600 1600 to 2700 >2700

Impact on Human Comfort none unpleasant Possible frostnip Frostbite likely Exposed skin will freeze in 30 seconds

The following table attempts to define the cooling effect of the wind (at various wind speeds) on given temperatures, this is the most common form of displaying Wind Chill


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WIND CHIL L

WIND SPEED - KPH

T E M P C E L C I U S

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

10

9

8

5.5

3.5

2

0.5

-0.5

-1

-2

-2.5

-2.5

-3

-3.5

7

6

4.5

1.5

-0.5

-2.5

-3.5

-4.5

-5.5

-6.5

-7

-7.5

-7.5

-8

5

4

2

-0.5

-3

-5

-6.5

-7.6

-8.5

-9.5

-10

-10.5

-11

-11

3

2

0

-3

-5.5

-7.5

-9.5

-10.5

-11.5

-12.5

-13

-13.5

-14

-14.5

0

-1

-3

-6.5

-9.5

-12

-13.5

-15

-16

-17

-17.5

-18

-18.5

-19

-3

-4

-6.5

-10.5

-13.5

-16

-17.5

-19

-20.5

-21.5

-22

-23

-23.5

-24

-5

-6

-8.5

-13

-16

-18.5

-20.5

-22

-23.5

-24.5

-25

-26

-26.5

-27

-7

-8

-11

-15

-18.5

-21

-23.5

-25

-26.5

-27.5

-28

-29

-29.5

-30

-10

-11

-14

-19

-22.5

-25

-27.5

-29

-30.5

-32

-33

-33.5

-34

-34.5

-12

-13

-16.5

-21

-25

-28

-30.5

-32

-33.5

-35

-36

-36.5

-37.5

-38

-15

-16.5

-19.5

-25

-28.9

-32

-34.5

-36.5

-38

-39.5

-40.5

-41.5

-42

-42.5

-17

-18.5

-22

-27

-31.5

-35

-37.5

-39.5

-41

-42.5

-43.5

-44.5

-45

-46

-20

-21.5

-25

-31

-35.5

-39

-41.5

-44

-45.5

-47

-48

-49

-50

-50.5

-22

-23.5

-27

-33

-38

-41.5

-44.5

-46.5

-48.5

-50

-51

-52

-53

-53.5

-25

-27

-31

-37

-41.5

-45.5

-48.5

-51

-53

-54.5

-55.5

-56.5

-57.5

-58.5

-30

-32

-36

-43

-48

-52.5

-55.5

-58

-60.5

-62

-63.5

-64.5

-65.5

-66.5

-35

-37

-41.5

-49

-54.5

-59

-62.5

-65.5

-67.5

-69.5

-71

-72

-73

-84

-40

-42

-47

-55

-61

-66

-69.5

-72.5

-75

-77

-79

-80

-81

-82

-45

-47

-52.5

-61

-67.5

-72.5

-76.5

-80

-82.5

-84.5

-86

87.5

-89

-90

-50

-52.5

-58

-67

-74

-79.5

-83.5

-87

-90

-92

-94

-95.5

-96.5

-97.5

1

No significant short term problem if dressed. Long term - hypothermia

2

It is unpleasant and Hypothermia is an issue.

3

Possible Frostnip and Hypothermia more of an acute problem.

4

Frostbite is now likely. Protection against Hypothermia critical.

5

Exposed skin will freeze in 30 seconds. Don't go out if possible.


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1

2

3

4

5



Immersion Survival times in cold water are another thing, particularly where the water temperature is less than 25c. Survival time varies and depends on body size, body fat, and whether you are male or female. Body fat improves your survival times due to the insulating qualities. Females tend to cool off more quickly than men. Swimming to keep warm will actually significantly hasten the onset of hypothermia and thence death. Results have shown that an average person swimming with a life jacket looses 35% more body heat than if they just stayed immobile. In water, you lose most of your body heat (besides the head) from the lateral part of your thorax and from the groin area. So you need to protect those areas and reduce the heat loss as best you can. To improve your chances of survival in water (and hence time) should you be by yourself, then adopt the ‘Foetal’ position – Thighs together, knees drawn up to your chest and your arms folded against your chest. This has proven to increase your survival time by about 50%. If you are with a group of people, then the best method is to tightly squeeze together (protecting each other’s sides). This will increase your survival time by about 75%.

12 S U R

11 DEATH FROM

10

HYPOTHERMIA HI GHLY PROBABLE

V I

9

V A L T I M

8 7 6

SLOW COOLERS

5

AVERAGE

E

4 (

h

3

FAST COOLERS

o u r s )

2

DEATH F ROM HYPOTHERMIA HI GHLY IMPROBABLE

1 0 0

5

10

15

20

25

o

WATER TEMPERATURE ( C)


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For an indication of actual survival times for and average adult in cold sea water at 10C wearing a cotton shirt, pants, socks and sneakers: e) With Life jacket – swimming 2 hrs, immobile 2.7 hrs, Foetal 4 hrs, Group 4 hrs.

Your attitud e ‘NEVER GIVE UP HOPE’ If you want to survive you most likely will ------ hesitate, undecided, doubtful; then you won’t survive !!!!! Fact. The mind must be kept busy, and also remember that when you are cold; Heat and Energy must be conserved. In terms of survival, your ‘Attitude’ is your most powerful ally, and your ‘Will to Live’ is the most useful piece of equipment you have. Nonetheless, there are SEVEN enemies of Survival that can affect your attitude: Pain, Cold, Thirst, Fatigue, Hunger, Boredom/Loneliness and Fear/Panic - they all interact. The effect these seven enemies have is dependent on the individual and to a large degree on their training and experience. When placed in a survival situation, an individual, dependent on their experience may or may not see their situation as being dangerous. It is worth noting that any perceived danger is most often in the concept of it rather than the reality of it. Of the seven enemies, it is Fear that is usually the first to strike. What you must try to accept is that fear is a normal reaction when faced with danger. If you accept that fear is normal, it will allow you to react methodically rather than impulsively – because you have accepted the reality of the situation you are in. Fear is not something to be ashamed of; it is NOT a fault but a natural reaction to the unknown. Overcoming fear to some degree acknowledges that you have accepted your circumstance and hence allows you to more effectively plan, be mindful and consider things like: • • • • • • •

Assess your situation Am I hurt, can I help others, can others help me. Reflect on any training you have had, what advice have I ever been given. Don’t rush Improvise, Think first. Discuss it with the group, make a decision; then Make a plan, any plan is better than no plan.


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I will reiterate at this point by saying, the reason for this information is to give you knowledge and with this knowledge you will be able to overcome any concern you may have when placed in a survival situation. Realistically, if you ever have to divert to an arctic airfield, and you have had no experience in this environment, particularly if you only have to cope with the situation for half an hour or and hour – you are still in a survival situation. Remember; with temps (with wind chill) at –50C, skin freezes in about 30 sec and death from hypothermia occurs in about 10-15 min if exposed. A long walk across the tarmac can put you into the zone!!!! Remember, success in survival lies in knowing where your equipment is, how to use it and having the proper mental attitude. So to aid your resistance to the seven enemies you will need to be mindful of: Pain Its nature’s way of telling you, you have a problem. Pain can also almost go away if your mind is occupied in fighting for survival. Cold Cold is an insidious foe, which creeps up on your body and spirit and weakens your will to survive. However, as for pain, one can nearly forget cold (but guard against it) if you are determined to survive. Thirst When you are cold; you tend not to want to drink. Don’t forget to drink and rehydrate. Hunger Hunger weakens a person’s ability to think rationally, Thirst and Hunger will diminish your resistance to cold, pain and fear. Fatigue Even when moderate can reduce your mental capacities. Fatigue can make you forgetful, indifferent and neglectful – you then become a danger to yourself and the others. In addition, fatigue can result from despair, lack of determination, dissatisfaction, frustration and boredom – i.e. not just physical activity.


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Loneliness & Boredom These are the half brothers of fear and panic, because loneliness and boredom precede fear and panic. The best defense, is to have many purposeful activities (not just for yourself but for the others as well) and plenty of discussion on the progress of those activities. To follow the, ‘two heads are better than one principle’ and to cooperate is essential. Hope for the best and be prepared and ready for the worst. Delegate tasks. Fear/panic Overcome the above and this won’t happen. This ‘state of mind’ can be affected when the concept of ‘Rescue’ intervenes. If you believe rescue is imminent, but for some reason it does not eventuate, you may find yourself filled with despair and hopelessness (Remember - Hope for the best but be prepared and ready for the worst). The searches may come back later – today, tomorrow or the next. In the worse case, they may never come back so plan for it and discuss it, BUT: ‘Never gi ve up hop e, always keep tryi ng, and always keep busy.

Group Behaviour When people are tired, uncomfortable and a bit frightened by their strange surroundings, they will become petulant and demanding of their fellows and behave in a manner they would never dream of in more familiar surroundings. This of course has a negative effect on morale and can lead to verbal and physical abuses. Leadership is critical in this situation, people will follow if led and anarchy if not.

First Aid Considerations

General First Aid Protect your eyes with goggles or good sunglasses. Unprotected eyes can lead to ‘Snow blindness’. This is painful and is a watery inflammation with the eyes feeling gritty. Bleeding – under the cold effect, the blood becomes more fluid and coagulates more slowly, so a loss of blood can lead to shock and the control of the bleeding more difficult. Arctic Health – frostbite, hypothermia and snow blindness are the main hazards, but in the effort to keep warm by excluding all draughts, can lead to hypoxia and CO2 poisoning.


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A person with frostbite on the extremities may also be subject to hypothermia (lowered body temperature) so check for hypothermia and treat those symptoms first.

First-Aid f or t he Different Levels of Hypothermia Impending Hypothermia Pale, numb and waxy skin. Tense muscles, shivering, fatigue, signs of weakness. Seek or build a shelter to get the person out of the cold, windy, wet environment. Start a fire or get a cookstove going to provide warmth. Provide the person with a hot drink (no alcohol, coffee or tea). Halt further heat loss by insulating the person with extra clothes, etc. This person should recover from the present condition quite quickly. Mild Hypothermia: Uncontrolled intense shivering, movements less co-ordinated, coldness creating pain Remove or insulate the patient from the cold environment, keeping the head and neck covered. This prevents further heat loss and allows the body to rewarm itself. Provide the patient with a warm, sweetened drink (no alcohol, coffee or tea) and some high-energy food. Limited exercise may help to generate some internal heat, but it depletes energy reserves. Moderate Hypot hermia: Shivering slows or stops, muscles stiffen mental confusion and apathy sets in. Speech becomes slow, vague and slurred, breathing becomes slower and shallow, and drowsiness and strange behaviour may occur (i.e. removing clothes). Remove or insulate the patient from the cold environment, keeping the head and neck covered. Apply mild heat (comfortable to your elbow) to the head, neck, chest, armpits and groin of the patient. Use hot water bottles, wrapped ThermoPads, or warm moist towels. It is possible that you may have to continue this treatment for some time. Offer sips of warm, sweetened liquids (no alcohol, coffee or tea) if the patient is fully conscious, beginning to rewarm and is able to swallow. Patient should be seen by a physician.


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Severe Hypothermi a Skin is cold, may be bluish- grey in colour, eyes may be dilated. Victim is very weak, displays a marked lack of co-ordination, slurred speech, appears exhausted, may appear to be drunk, denies problem and may resist help. There is a gradual loss of consciousness. There may be little or no apparent breathing, victim may be very rigid, unconscious, and may appear dead. Place patient in a prewarmed sleeping bag/blankets with one or two other people. Skin to skin contact in the areas of the chest (ribs) and neck is effective. Exhale warm air near the patient's nose and mouth, or introduce steam into the area. Try to keep the patient awake, ignore pleas of "leave me alone, I'm OK". The patient is in serious trouble; keep a close, continuous watch over the patient. Apply mild heat, with the aim of stopping temperature drop, not rewarming. If patient has lost consciousness be very gentle, as by now the heart is extremely sensitive. Always assume the patient is revivable, do not give up. Check for pulse at the carotid artery. If, after two minutes you find no pulse check on the other side of the neck for two minutes. If there is any breathing or pulse, no matter how faint, do not give CPR but keep very close watch for changes in vital signs. If no pulse is found begin CPR immediately, stopping only when the heart begins to beat or the person applying CPR can not carry on any longer without endangering themselves. Medical help is imperative, hospitalization is needed.

First Aid fo r Frostbi te 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

Shelter the patient from the cold and move the person to a warmer place. Remove any constricting jewellery and wet clothing. Immerse affected areas in warm (NOT HOT) water--or apply warm cloths to affected ears, nose, or cheeks--for 20 to 30 minutes. Keep circulating the water to aid the warming process. Burning pain, swelling and colour changes may occur during warming. Warming is complete when the affected area becomes red, not when sensation returns. (This should take about 45 minutes. If done too rapidly, thawing can be painful and blisters may develop). Apply dry, sterile dressing to the frostbitten areas. Put dressings between frostbitten fingers or toes. Move thawed areas as little as possible. Prevent refreezing by wrapping the warmed areas. If the frostbite is extensive, give warm drinks to the victim in order to replace lost fluids.


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DO NOT • •

• • •

DO NOT thaw out a frostbitten area if it cannot be kept thawed. Refreezing may make tissue damage even worse. DO NOT use direct heat (such as a radiator, campfire, heating pad, or hair dryer applied directly to the frostbitten area). Direct heat can burn the tissues that are already damaged. DO NOT rub or massage the affected area. DO NOT disturb blisters on frostbitten skin. DO NOT smoke or drink alcoholic beverages during recovery as both interfere with blood circulation.

Some good s urvival advice COLD TIPS Should you find yourself wearing only a shirt or T-shirt and a light coat/jacket/jumper, wear a plastic bag over the coat as a windbreak. This will give you as much as 70-90% more heat retention and wind protection. However, don’t forget to ventilate and keep your clothes dry. Wearing 2 thinner socks and/or jumpers are better than wearing 1 thick one. 3 light shirts are better than one thick one. Water Drink whenever you are thirsty, as much as you want, Rationing will not prolong your survival. Even in a cold environment you still need to drink despite the feeling, you don’t feel thirsty. You still perspire and breathe out moisture, so you are dehydrating all the time – you have to replace the lost water.

More cold t ips If you are inactive, sit back to back and side to side for mutual warmth. Sitting back to back greatly increases the retention of body heat. If your feet are wet from perspiration or melting snow – socks, insoles MUST be changed immediately. Put folded paper in your shoes to absorb the perspiration/melting snow. Again, if it gets wet change it immediately. Be Mindful – Severe cold and harsh winds can freeze unprotected flesh in minutes/seconds. Protect your whole body from these cold conditions, outer garments should be windproof.


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In extreme cold conditions, NEVER touch metal objects with bare skin – or even when in moderate cold conditions when your skin is wet (from perspiration for example). Believe-It-Or-Not, in very cold conditions the light, fluffy dry snow is a very good absorber of moisture. If you are wet, or your clothes are wet, rolling in the light dry snow will actually dry you. After you have rolled in the snow, pat the snow off your clothes when you are standing. Travel – unless you are adequately dressed (from head to toe, and you will know if you are or not) DO NOT even contemplate travelling any distance. More Tips – Be Lazy in survival, yet be extra careful. Do the safest thing, which may not be the quickest.


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Sea Surv ival Equi pment Baby Survival Cot The cot is designed for a baby aged 0-18 months, of up to 16 Kg (35lb) in mass and up to 838 mm (33 in) in length.

Whistle Co2 Cylinder

Carryin g straps Floatation and arch assembly Mouthpiece (Floor)

Window

Waistcoat Mouthpiece (Floatation and arch) Ventilators Water operated battery

Preparation for Use: a. Remove the cot from its pouch; b. Inflate cot out of sight and hearing of passenger, i.e. in galley, by pulling the inflation knob sharply. If the cot fails to inflate, then blow air through the mouthpiece. The cot can also be inflated by blowing air through the mouthpiece attached to the floor. c. The parent should then, under the supervision of a cabin crew member, place baby in cot on its side with its head at the hood end by placing it in the attached waistcoat provided. d. Check that the ventilators are clear and then close the cot by sliding fasteners across the middle of the restrainers, from left to right.


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Placing Cot for Impact Sliding f astener astener closure assist

Light

Sliding Fastener Fastener

a) Place the cot on the the floor, positioned so so that the baby's hea head d is pointing aft. The parent's feet should be positioned either side of the cot with the feet through the carrying straps to prevent forward movement of the cot. OR b) The cot can be be secured with the safety safety belt in a spare seat seat next to the parent. Af ter Imp act :

Method of carrying prior to going down an escape slide in a ground evacuation .

Method of lowering into the water after ditching by using the lanyard.

NOTE: The lanyard is lightly lightly stitched to the front carrying strap. Do not pull free until at the door, and do not tie lanyard to parent's life jacket tapes until outside the aircraft.


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Ad ul t L if e Jac ket s

Remove jacket from plastic package, Attach Attach the buckle buckle and and pull pull strap strap to to tighten tighten.. pull jacket overhead and bring the strap around your waist.

To inflate, inflate, pull down vigorously on red tabs.

Inflation can also also be accomplished accomplished orally by blowing into tubes at the side of the jacket. When in water, the light will illuminate automatically.


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Fitting the adult life jacket jacket to an infant or c hild When it is necessary to fit an adult life jacket to an infant or child, proceed as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Place life jacket jacket over over the infant's or child's head. Pass the strap strap between between the infants'/child’s' legs and attach the buckle. Pull the strap to tighten and secure the jacket. Pass the end behind the child and secure again by means of tying. Inflate one chamber of the life jacket inside the aircraft.

Note: 1. 2. 3.

In case case of a planned ditching at night, night, the tag on the the light light battery battery should be pulled so that the infant/child’s' light will come on once the infant/child is in the water. Ensure that the second chamber of the jacket is inflated prior to leaving the aircraft. Children life jacket jacket is similar similar to adult adult life life jacket jacket in design design but smaller to fit fit child child size. size.


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Supplementary Raft Accessory Kit (SRAK) Supplementary Raft Accessory Kits (SRAK) are provided on the Aircraft to supplement the Survival Kit packed inside the Slide/Raft. List of contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Quantity Quantity

Reverse Osmosis Pump Water Storage bag with Cup Day & Night Flare Food rations (193 gms Each) Collapsible oars Survival Manual

01 01 01 10 01 Pair 01

Pre Flig Flig ht Check 1. 2.

Availability Sealed

Reverse Reverse Osmosis Pump The reverse osmosis pump is a simple hand operated water maker, able to desalinate over six gallons of potable water per day from seawater. Operating Operating Instruct ions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Pull the black intake strainer and the attached double hose from its storage. Lower the strainer fully into sea water water onl y . Place one hand under the the end end cap cap and and the other over the the end end of the handle handle as shown. Pump the hand hand up up and and down as far as it will go in each direction at a comfortable speed of 40 strokes per minute. Once water drips from the fresh water hose, pump at least 80 strokes (two minutes) while dumping the water overboard before inserting the fresh water hose into a storage container, or directly into your mouth.


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Dangerous goods

Effective Date: 15 July 2007 Secti Secti on: 300 300

Sub Secti Secti on: Divider

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Effective Date: Date: Secti Secti on:

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Dangerous goods Definition Dangerous goods are articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment and which are shown in the list of dangerous goods in the International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA DGR) or which are classified according to these Regulations. Dangerous Goods must not be carried in an aircraft cabin occupied by passengers or on the flight deck of an aircraft, except as permitted by *2.3.2 to *2.3.5 and *2.5.1 and for excepted packages of radioactive materials (see 10.5.8). Certain items which in themselves may present a hazard are, for reasons of practicality excepted from the regulations and thus may be carried by passengers and crew or, included as part of the aircraft equipment. Passengers may be unaware of the regulations concerning dangerous goods or may deliberately contravene them; hence, knowledge of dangerous goods permitted to be carried in baggage is required for all cabin and flight crew members. Classification Classification of Dangerous Dangerous Goods Class 1

Hazard Hazard Name Explosives

2

Gases

3

Flammable Liquids

4

Flammable Solids; Substances Liable to Spontaneous Spontaneous Combustion; Substances Which, in Contact with Water, Emit Flammable Gases Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides

5

6

Toxic and Infectious Substances

7

Radioactive Material

8 9

Corrosives Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods

Examples Fireworks, Flares, Ammunition, Safety fuses, Fuse igniters. Butane, Propane, camping gas cylinders, oxygen bottles, fire extinguishers, gas refill for lighters, aerosols, aqualung diving equipment. Lighter or heater fuels, turpentine, paint thinners, acetone, alcohols, liquid lighter fuel. Matches, Sulphur, White or Yellow Phosphorus, Calcium carbide, Sodium.

Bleaching powder, peroxides, Ammonium nitrate fertilizer, hardeners for fiberglass repair kits, Chemical oxygen generators for personal use. Pesticides, Nicotine, Cyanide, Cyanide, Bacteria, Viruses, Medical and Clinical Waste. Radionuclides or isotopes for medical or industrial purposes Mercury, battery acids, sulphuric acid. Asbestos, Vehicles, Life-rafts, Lithium Ion Batteries, Magnetized Materials, Dry Ice.

There are nine classes of Dangerous Goods which relate to the type of hazard. Many of the above items may travel as cargo only, if packed in accordance with dangerous goods regulations. * Refer Refer to IATA Dangerous Dangerous Good Manual


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Types of Labels Labels are of two types: (a)

Hazard Labels, Labels , which are required for most dangerous goods in all classes; and

(b)

Handling Labels, Labels , which are required either alone or in addition to hazard labels, for some dangerous goods.

Hazard Hazard L abels Class Class or Division

Hazard Hazard Name

Notes

1.1

Explosive

Packages with label marked Division 1.1 are normally forbidden for air transport.

1.2

Explosive

Packages with label marked Division 1.2 are normally forbidden for air transport.

1.3

Explosive

Packages with label marked Division 1.3 compatibility compatibility groups C and G may be transported on a cargo aircraft only.

1.4

Explosive

Only explosives in Division 1.4, compatibility compatibility group S, are permitted to be transported on passenger aircraft. Division 1.4, compatibility compatibility groups B, C, D, E, G, S may be transported on a cargo aircraft.

Label


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Class or Division

Hazard Name

1.5

Explosive

Packages with this label are normally forbidden for air transport.

1.6

Explosive

Packages with this label are normally forbidden for air transport.

2.1

Flammable Gas

This label may also be printed with symbol (flame), text, numbers and borderline shown in black on red background.

2.2

Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gas

This label may also be printed with symbol (gas cylinder), text, numbers and borderline shown in black on green background.

2.3

Toxic Gas

Toxic Gas labels inscribed with the text “Toxic Gas” or “Poison Gas” are acceptable.

Notes

Label


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Class or Division

Hazard Name

Notes

Label

3

Flammable Liquids

This label may also be printed with symbol (flame), text, numbers and borderline shown in black on red background.

4.1

Flammable Solid

4.2

Spontaneously Combustible

4.3

Dangerous When Wet

5.1

Oxidizer

This label may also be printed with symbol (flame), text, numbers and borderline shown in black on blue background.


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Class or Division

Hazard Name

5.2

Organic Peroxides

6.1

Toxic Substances

Toxic Substances labels inscribed with the text “Toxic” or “Poison” are acceptable.

6.2

Infectious Substance

The lower part of the label should bear the inscription:

Label

Notes

Infectious Substance In Case of Damage or Leakage Immediately Notify Public Health Authority 7

Radioactive

Category I-White

7

Radioactive

Category II-Yellow


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Class or Division

Hazard Name

7

Radioactive

8

Corrosive

9

Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods


Notes

Label

Category III-Yellow

Handling Labels Name

Notes

Label

Magnetized Material


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Name

Notes

Cargo Aircraft Only

Do not load a package bearing this label in passenger aircraft.

Cryogenic Liquid

It is used in addition to the Non-Flammable and Non-Toxic Gas (Division 2.2) hazard label on packages containing Cryogenic Liquids.

Package Orientation (This Way Up)

It is used on packages containing liquid dangerous goods.

Keep Away From Heat

It is used in addition to the applicable hazard label on packages containing SelfReactive Substances in Division 4.1 and Division 5.2, Organic Peroxides.

Label

Radioactive MaterialExcepted Package


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Name


Notes

Label

Lithium Battery Label

Battery-powered Wheelchair and Mobility Aid Label

The label is in two parts; Part A remains with the wheelchair and indicates whether or not the battery has been removed. In the particular case where the battery is separated from the wheelchair, Part B may be used to assist in identifying the battery and also in reconciling the battery and its wheelchair.

Part A

Part B


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Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers or Crew General Dangerous good s i ncluding excepted packages of radioactive material, must not be carri ed by passengers or crew: • As or in checked baggage; • As or in carry-on baggage; or • On their person; except as noted i n 2 to 5. 1.

Forbid den good s 1.1

Attaché Cases, Cash Box es/Bags

Except as permitted in 2.6, Security-type equipment such as attaché cases, cash boxes, cash bags, etc. incorporating dangerous goods, such as lithium batteries and/or pyrotechnic material, are totally forbidden. See entry in Subsection 4.2, List of Dangerous Goods. 1.2

Disabling Devices

Disabling devices such as mace, pepper spray, etc. containing an irritant or incapacitating substance are prohibited on the person, in checked and carry-on baggage. 1.3

Liqu id Oxygen Devic es

Personal medical oxygen devices that utilize liquid oxygen are prohibited on the person, in checked and carry-on baggage 1.4

Electr o Shock Weapon

Electro shock weapons (e.g. Tasers) containing dangerous goods such as explosives, compressed gases, lithium batteries, etc. are forbidden in carry-on baggage or checked baggage or on the person . 2.

Goods acceptable wit h operator approval, as checked baggage onl y The following Dangerous Goods are permitted on aircraft as checked baggage only and with the approval of the operators. 2.1

Ammunition

Securely packaged ammunition (cartridges for weapons, small arms) in Division 1.4S, (UN0012 or UN 0014 only), in quantities not exceeding 5 kg (11 lb) gross weight per person for that person's own use, excluding ammunition with explosive or incendiary projectiles. Allowances for more than one passenger must not be combined into one or more packages.


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2.2


Wheelchairs/Mobility Aids with Non-spillable Batteries

Battery-powered wheelchairs or other similar mobility aids for use by passengers whose mobility is restricted by either a disability, their health or age, or a temporary mobility problem (e.g. broken leg) with non-spillable batteries. Non-spillable batteries must comply with Special Provision A67 or the vibration and pressure differential tests of Packing Instruction 872. The battery terminals must be protected from short circuits e.g. by being enclosed within a battery container, and the battery must be securely attached to the wheelchair or mobility aid (see DGR 9.3.16.4 and Figure 9.3.H). Operators must ensure that wheelchairs or other battery-powered mobility aids are carried in such a manner so as to prevent unintentional operation and that the wheelchair/mobility aid is protected from being damaged by the movement of baggage, mail, stores or cargo. I t is recommended that passengers make advance arrangements with each operator.

2.3 Wheelchairs/Mobility Aids with Spillable Batteries Battery-powered wheelchairs or other similar mobility aids for use by passengers whose mobility is restricted by either a disability, their health or age, or a temporary mobility problem (e.g. broken leg) with spillable batteries. Provided that the wheelchair or mobility aid can be loaded, stowed, secured and unloaded always in an upright position then the battery may remain installed in the wheelchair. The battery terminals must be protected from short circuits, e.g. by being enclosed within a battery container, and the battery must be securely attached to the wheelchair or mobility aid. Operators must ensure that wheelchairs or other battery-powered mobility aids are carried in such a manner so as to prevent unintentional operation and that the wheelchair/mobility aid is protected from being damaged by the movement of baggage, mail, stores or cargo. I f the wheelchair or mobility aid cannot be loaded, stowed, secured and unloaded always in an upright position, the battery must be removed and the wheelchair or mobility aid may then be carried as checked baggage without restriction. The removed battery must be carried in a strong, rigid packagings as follows:

(a) packagings must be leak-tight, impervious to battery fluid and be protected against upset by securing to pallets or by securing them in cargo compartments using appropriate means of securement (other than by bracing with freight or baggage) such as by use of restraining straps, brackets or holders; (b) batteries must be protected against short circuits, secured upright in these packagings and surrounded by compatible absorbent material sufficient to absorb their total liquid contents; and (c) These packagings must be marked “BATTERY, WET, WITH WHEELCHAIR” or “BATTERY, WET, WITH MOBILITY AID” and be labeled with the “Corrosive” label (see DGR 7.3.U) and with the “Package Orientation” label “ (see DGR 7.4.E and 7.4.F). The pilot-in-command must be informed of the location of a wheelchair or mobility aid with an installed battery or the location of a packed battery. It is recommended that passengers make advance arrangements with each operator; also that batteries which are spillable should be fitted with spill-resistant vent caps when feasible (see DGR 9.3.15.4 and Figure 9.3.H).


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2.4 Wheelchair s/Mobility Aids with L ithium Batteries

Lithium-ion battery powered wheelchairs or other similar mobility aids for use by passengers whose mobility is restricted by either a disability, their health or age, or a temporary mobility problem (e.g. broken leg), subject to the following conditions: (a) The batteries must beof a type which meets the requirements of each test in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, section 38.3; (b) Battery terminals must be protected from short circuits, e.g. by being enclosed within a battery container, and the battery must be securely attached to the wheelchair or mobility aid; (c) The operator(s) must ensure that such mobility aids are carried in a manner so as to prevent unintentional activation and that they are protected from being damaged by the movement of baggage, mail, stores or other cargo; and (d) The pilot-in-command must be informed of the location of the mobility aid. Note: It is recommended that passengers make advance arrangements with each operator. 2.5 Campin g Stoves and Fuel Containers th at have Cont ained a Flammable Liqu id Fuel

With the approval of the operator, as checked baggage only, camping stoves and fuel containers for camping stoves that have contained a flammable liquid fuel may be carried provided the fuel tank of the camping stove, and/or fuel container has been completely drained of all liquid fuel and action has been taken to nullify the danger. To nullify the danger, the empty fuel tank and/or container must be allowed to drain for at least 1 hour, the fuel tank and/or container must then be left uncapped for a minimum of 6 hours to allow any residual fuel to evaporate. Alternative methods, such as adding cooking oil to the fuel tank and/or container to elevate the flash point of any residual liquid above the flash point of flammable liquid and then emptying the fuel tank and/or container, are equally acceptable. The fuel tank, and/or container must then have the cap securely fastened and be wrapped in an absorbent material such as paper towel and placed in a polyethylene or equivalent bag. The top of the bag must then besealed or gathered and closed with an elastic band or twine. Note: Provided the above cleaning method is followed in accordance with the Regulations, the fuel stove or container can be classified as non-hazardous. However to control the carriage of these items, they are listed in Table 2.3.A Provisions for Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers or Crew.

* Refer to IATA Dangerous Goods Manual.


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2.6


Security-T ype Equipment

Security type equipment such as attaché cases, cash boxes, cash bags, etc. incorporating dangerous goods as part of this equipment, for example lithium batteries, or pyrotechnic material, may be carried as checked baggage only if the equipment complies with the following: (a) The equipment must be equipped with an effective means of preventing accidental activation; (b) If the equipment contains an explosive or pyrotechnic substance or an explosive article, this article or substance must be excluded from Class 1 by the appropriate national authority of the Stateof Manufacture in compliance with DGR 3.1.7.1; (c) If the equipment contains lithiumcells or batteries, these cells or batteries must comply with the following restrictions: 1. For a lithium metal cell, the lithium content is not more than 1 g; 2. For a lithium metal battery, the aggregate lithium content is not more than 2 g; 3. For lithium ion cells, the Watt-hour rating is not more than 20 Wh; 4. For lithium ion batteries, the Watt-hour rating is not more than 100 Wh; 5. Each cell or battery is of the type proven to meet the requirements of each test in UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, section 38.3.

the

(d) If the equipment contains gases to expel dye or ink, only gas cartridges and receptacles, small, containing gas with a capacity not exceeding 50 mL, containing no constituents subject to these Regulations other than a Division 2.2 gas, are allowed. The release of gas must not cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to crew members so as to prevent the correct performance of assigned duties. In case of accidental activation all hazardous effects must be confined within the equipment and must not produce extreme noise; (e) Security type equipment that is defective or that has been damaged is forbidden for transport.

Effect ive Date: 15 January 2011 Sectio n: 300

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3.


Goods acceptable wit h operator approval as carry-on baggage onl y The following dangerous goods are permitted on aircraft as carry-on baggage only and with the approval of the operator. 3.1

Mercur y Barometer or Thermometer

A mercurial barometer or mercurial thermometer carried by a representative of a government weather bureau or similar official agency. The barometer or thermometer must be packed in a strong outer packaging, having a sealed inner liner or a bag of strong leak-proof and puncture-resistant material impervious to mercury, which will prevent the escape of mercury from the package irrespective of its position. The pilot-in-command must be informed of the barometer or thermometer. 3.2

Lit hium Ion Batteries

Lithium ion batteries exceeding a watt-hour rating of 100 Wh but not exceeding 160 Wh may be carried as spare batteries in carry on baggage, or in equipment in either checked or carry on baggage. No more than two individually protected spare batteries per person may be carried. 4.

Goods acceptable wit h operator approval as baggage The following dangerous goods are permitted on aircraft as checked or carry-on baggage with the approval of the operator. 4.1

Medical Oxygen

Gaseous oxygen or air cylinders required for medical use. Each cylinder must not exceed 5 kg gross weight. Cylinders, valves and regulators, where fitted, must be protected from damage that could cause inadvertent release of contents. This provision also applies where the cylinders are being carried by medically trained persons. The pilot-in-command must be informed of the number of oxygen or air cylinders loaded on board the aircraft and their loading location(s). Note: Personal medical oxygen devices that utilize liquid oxygen are forbidden on the person, in checked and carry-on baggage. 4.2

Non-flammable Gas Cylinder fit ted int o a Lif e Jacket

Not more than two small cylinders, containing carbon dioxide or other suitable gas in Division 2.2, per person fitted into a self-inflating life jacket for inflation purposes plus not more than two spare cartridges. Note:

Small gas cartridges containing gas with a capacity not exceeding 50 ML, containing no constituents subjects to these regulations other that a Division 2.2 gas, are not subject to these Regulations See SP A98.


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4.3


Insulated Packages Containin g Refri gerated Liq uid Nitrog en (Dry Shipper) Insulated packagings containing refrigerated liquid nitrogen fully absorbed in a porous material and intended for transport, at low temperature, of nondangerous products are not subject to these Regulations provided the design of the insulated packaging would not allow the build-up of pressure within the container and would not permit the release of any refrigerated liquid nitrogen irrespective of the orientation of the insulated packaging.

4.4

Avalanche Rescue Backp ack One avalanche rescue backpack per person equipped with a pyrotechnic trigger mechanism containing not more than 200 mg net of explosives in Division 1.4S and a cylinder of compressed gas in Division 2.2 not exceeding 250 ml. The backpack must be packed in such a manner that it cannot be accidentally activated. The air bags within the backpacks must be fitted with pressure relief valves.

4.5

Chemic al Agent Monito rin g Equipment Instruments containing radioactive material not exceeding the activity limits specified in Table 10.3.D i.e. chemical agent monitor (CAM) and/or rapid alarm and identification device monitor (RAID-M), securely packed and without lithium batteries, when carried by staff members of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) on official travel. 4.6

Carbon Dioxid e, Solid (Dry Ice)

Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) in quantities not exceeding 2.5 kg (5 lb) per person when used to pack perishables that are not subject to these Regulations in checked or carry-on baggage, provided the baggage (package) permits the release of carbon dioxide gas. Each item of checked baggage containing dry ice must be marked: • •

“Carbon dioxide, solid” or “Dry ice”; and with the net weight of dry ice or an indication that the net weight is 2.5 kg or less.

Note 1:

See 9.3.12.3 and Figure 9.3.G for an example of a baggage tag.

Note 2:

To assist with the handling of passenger and crew checked baggage containing dry ice, the Dry Ice baggage tag, as shown below, must be used accordingly to identify such items of checked baggage on Emirates flight.

* Refer to IATA Dangerous Goods Manual


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4.7


Heat Produci ng Art icl es

Battery-powered equipment capable of generating extreme heat, which would cause a fire if activated, e.g. underwater high-intensity lamps, providing that the heat producing component or the battery is packed separately so as to prevent activation during transport. Any battery that has been removed must be protected against short circuit.

4.8

Portable Medical Electronic Devices

Portable medical electronic devices (Automated External Defibrillators (AED), Nebulizer, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), etc.) containing lithium metal or lithium ion cells or batteries may be carried by passengers for medical use as follows: (a) no more than two spare batteries may be carried in carry-on baggage only. Spare batteries must be individually protected so as to prevent short circuits (by placement in original retail packaging or by otherwise insulating terminals, e.g. by taping over exposed terminals or placing each battery in a separate plastic bag or protective pouch); (b) Each installed or spare battery must be of a type which meets the requirements of each test in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, section 38.3; In addition, each installed or spare battery must not exceed the following: 1. For lithium metal batteries, a lithium content of not more than 8 g; or 2. For lithium ion batteries, a watt-hour rating of not more than 160 Wh. 5.

Goods acceptable wit hout the operator' s approval The following Dangerous Goods are permitted on aircraft as baggage without the approval of the operator(s). 5.1

Medicin al or Toilet Articles

Non-radioactive medicinal or toiletry articles (including aerosols). The term “medicinal or toiletry articles” is intended to include such items as hair sprays, perfumes, colognes and medicines containing alcohols. Note: 5.2

Security Regulations may impost a limit as to the quantities that may be accepted as carry-on by a passenger. Aerosols in Division 2.2

Aerosols in Division 2.2, with no subsidiary risk, for sporting or home use, are permitted in checked baggage only. Note: The total net quantity of all such articles carried by each passenger or crew member under the provisions of *2.3.5.1 and *2.3.5.2 must not exceed 2 kg (4.4 lb) or 2 L (2 qt), and the net quantity of each single article must not exceed 0.5 kg (1 lb) or 0.5 L (1 pt). Release valves on aerosols must be protected by a cap or other suitable means to prevent inadvertent release of the contents.


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EMIRATES IN-FLIGHT SERVICES 5.3


Cylinders for Mechanical Limbs

Small cylinders of a gas of Division 2.2 worn for the operation of mechanical limbs. Also, spare cylinders of a similar size if required to ensure an adequate supply for the duration of the journey. 5.4

Cardiac Pacemakers/Radio-pharmaceuticals

Radioisotopic cardiac pacemakers or other devices, including those powered by lithium batteries, implanted into a person, or radiopharmaceuticals contained within the body of a person as the result of medical treatment. 5.5

Medical/Clinical Thermometer

One small medical or clinical thermometer which contains mercury, for personal use, when in its protective case. 5.6

Safety Matches or Cigarette Lighter

One small packet of safety matches or a cigarette lighter that does not contain unabsorbed liquid fuel, other than liquefied gas, intended for use by an individual when carried on the person. Matches and lighters are not permitted in checked or carry on baggage. Lighter fuel and lighter refills are not permitted on one's person nor in checked or carry-on baggage. Note 1:“Strike anywhere” matches are forbidden for air transport. Note 2: “Blue Flame” or “Cigar” lighters are not permitted on one’s person, carry-on or checked baggage. Note 3: National Security Regulations may limit or prevent the carriage of matches or lighters. Note 4: National Security Regulations may limit or prevent carriage of matches or lighters 5.7

Alcoholic Beverages

Alcoholic beverages, when in retail packagings, containing more than 24% but not more than 70% alcohol by volume, in receptacles not exceeding 5 L, with a total net quantity per person of 5 L for such beverages. Note: Alcoholic beverages containing 24% or less alcohol by volume are not subject to any restrictions. 5.8

Hair Curlers

Hair curlers containing hydrocarbon gas, no more than one per passenger or crew member, provided that the safety cover is securely fitted over the heating element. These hair curlers must not be used on board the aircraft at any time. Gas refills for such curlers are not permitted in checked or carry-on baggage.


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5.9


Portable Electronic Devices containing Lithi um Metal or Lithi um Ion Cells or Batteries

Portable electronic devices (watches, calculating machines, cameras, cellular phones, lap-top computers, camcorders, etc.) containing lithium metal or lithium ion cells or batteries when carried by passengers or crew for personal use, which should be carried in carry-on baggage. Spare batteries must be individually protected to prevent short circuits by placement in the original retail packaging or by otherwise insulating terminals, e.g. by taping over exposed terminals or placing each battery in a separate plastic bag or protective pouch, and carried in carry-on baggage only. In addition, each installed or spare battery must not exceed the following: (a)

for lithium metal or lithium alloy batteries, a lithium content of not more than 2 g; or

(b)

for lithium ion batteries, a watt-hour rating of not more than 100 Wh.

5.10

Fuel Cell Systems Contained in Consu mer Electro nic Devices

Fuel cell systems used to power portable electronic devices (for example cameras, cellular phones, laptop computers, and camcorders), and spare fuel cell cartridges, under the following conditions: (a)

Fuel cells and fuel cell cartridges may only contain flammable liquids, corrosive substances, liquefied flammable gas, water-reactive substances or hydrogen in metal hydride;

(b)

Refuelling of fuel cells on board an aircraft is not permitted except that the installation of a spare cartridge is allowed;

(c)

The maximum quantity of fuel in any fuel cell cartridge must not exceed: 1. For liquids, 200 ml; 2. For solids, 200g; 3. For liquefied gases, 120 ml for non metallic fuel cell cartridges or 200 ml for metal fuel cell cartridges; 4. For hydrogen in metal hydride the fuel cell cartridges must have a water capacity of 120 ml or less.

(d)

Each fuel cell system and each fuel cell cartridge must conform to IEC PAS 62282-6-1 Ed. 1 and must be marked with a manufacturer’s certification that it conforms to the specification. In addition, each fuel cell cartridge must be marked with the maximum quantity and type of fuel in the cartridge;

(e)

No more than two spare fuel cell cartridges may be carried by a passenger as follows;

1. Fuel cell cartridges containing flammable liquids, corrosive substances, liquefied flammable gas or hydrogen in metal hydride in carry-on baggage, in checked baggage, or on the person; 2. Fuel cell cartridges containing water-reactive substances may only be carried in carry-on baggage or on the person.


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(f)

Fuel cell systems containing fuel and fuel cell cartridges including spare cartridges are permitted in carry-on baggage only;

(g)

Interaction between fuel cells and integrated batteries in a device must conform to IEC PAS 62282-6-1 Ed. 1. Fuel cell systems whose sole function is to charge a battery in the device are not permitted;

(h)

Fuel cell systems must be of a type that will not charge batteries when the portable electronic device is not in use and must be durably marked by the manufacturer: “APPROVED FOR CARRIAGE IN AIRCRAFT CABIN ONLY” to so indicate; and

(i) In addition to the languages which may be required by the State of Origin for the markings specified above, English should be used. 5.11 Energy Efficient L ight Bulbs Energy efficient light bulbs when in retail packaging intended for personal or home use. NOTE: The provisi ons for dangerous g oods carried by passengers or crew are tabulated in Table 2.3.A.

Effect ive Date: 15 January 2011 Sectio n: 300

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Table 2.3 A Provisions for Dangerous Goods carried by Passengers or Crew


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Table 2.3 A Provisions for Dangerous Goods carried by Passengers or Crew (continued)

Note: N/A means not applicable.


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6.


Dangerou s Goods in Operator ’s Property 6.1

Exceptions

The provisions contained in the Regulations do not apply to articles and substances of 6.2 through 6.5. 6.2

Air craft Equipment

Articles and substances which would otherwise be classified as dangerous goods but which are required to be aboard the aircraft in accordance with pertinent airworthiness requirements and operating regulations or that are authorized by the State of the operator to meet special requirements. 6.3

Consumer Goods

Aerosols, alcoholic beverages, perfumes, colognes, safety matches and liquefied gas lighters carried aboard an aircraft by the operator for use or sale on the aircraft during the flight, or series of flights, but excluding non-refillable gas lighters and those lighters liable to leak when exposed to reduced pressure. 6.4

Carbo n Dioxid e, Solid (Dry Ice)

Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) for use in food and beverage service aboard the aircraft.

6.5

Battery-Powered Electronic Devices

Electronic devices such as electronic flight bags, personal entertainment devices, credit card readers, containing lithium metal or lithium ion cells or batteries and spare lithium batteries for such devices carried aboard an aircraft by the operator for use on the aircraft during the flight or series of flights, provided the batteries meet the provisions of 5.9. Spare lithium batteries must be individually protected so as to prevent short circuits when not in use. Conditions for the carriage and use of these electronic devices and for the carriage of spare batteries must be provided in the operations manual and/or other appropriate manuals as will enable flight crew, cabin crew and other employees to carry out their responsibilities.


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7.


Dangerou s good s emergency respons e kit The kit is located in the First Aid Pouch and consists of the following items: 1. Polyethylene bags. (2) 2. Rubber work gloves. (1) 3. Sealing tape. (1) 4. Metal tong. (1) It is stowed in the First Aid Pouch

8.

Dangerous good s emergency respons e pro cedures In case of incidents caused by dangerous goods in the possession of passengers, cabin crew will:

9.

1.

Notify the Captain immediately.

2.

When possible, ask passenger involved to identify the item and explain the matter of the hazard.

In case of fir e 1.

Apply fire fighting procedures.

2.

In general, water should not be used when dangerous goods are present, as it may spread spillage or increase the rate of fuming.

3.

Aircraft smoke evacuation procedure will be considered.

10. Dealing with spil lage or leakage 1)

Move passengers away from the area. Use rubber gloves when touching suspicious items. Consider using smoke hood in case of fumes.

2)

When absolutely certain that the item will not create a problem in its present state, then: a)

Place it in a polyethylene bag using the tongs with its opening or leaking point at the top and close it with a sealing tape.

b)

Take off rubber gloves and place them together with the tongs in a second bag.

c)

Place the first bag in the second bag and close it with a sealing tape.

d)

Stow bags in an empty waste container in a rear toilet not against a pressure bulkhead. Catering or bar boxes may be used if empty waste bins are not available. Lock toilet and check it at regular intervals.


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e)

Treat seat cushions and/or covers in the same manner if they have been contaminated.

f)

If there has been spillage on the carpet, it should be covered with polyethylene bags.

g)

Provide wet towels for use by the passengers if fumes cause irritation. Oxygen may be administered to passengers having difficulty in breathing only if they are away from the affected area, or after the fumes have been evacuated.

h)

Check regularly all dangerous goods, contaminated furnishings or equipment removed and stowed for safety reasons.

11. Upon arri val 1.

Identify to ground staff where the item is stowed and pass all necessary information about it.

2.

Make a note in the Cabin Defect Log book for maintenance action if required.

3.

Make a note in the Voyage Report to replenish Emergency Response Kit .


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AVIA TION SECURITY


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Mandatory Requirement Preventin g Unlawful Interference Each year, it is compulsory for each crew member to complete the on-line Security E-Learning course at least 3 Days before attending your SEP Recurrent Training Programme. The name of the course is ‘Preventing Unlawful Interference – Cabin Crew’. A minimum score of 80% must be achieved. There are 4 modules: 1.

SECURITY MEASURES

2.

DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOUR

3.

SABOTAGE

4.

HIJACKING

These 4 modules can be accessed in the following ways: 1. From any PC with internet access through the Crew Portal using your FOB 2. At www.emiratesstaff.com using your EPIN 3. From the Learning Resource Centre (LRC) at 

EAC – Building B



EAC - Building C

NOTE: If you cannot access or save your work f rom h ome, you must co mplete thi s cour se at one of the LRCs. Due to the sensitive nature of some of the material in this course, the i nformation must remain between Emirates employees only. Access is monitored and recorded.


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SABOTAGE DSVP-GS or his authorized representative shall deal with all security matters affecting Emirates aircraft/flights operations and matters associated with unlawful interferences. This entails evaluation of threat, risk assessment, threat analysis and responses to deal with any kind or type of threat/unlawful interference. At outstations, when The Commander becomes aware of any potential threat he shall convey all concerns to DSVP Group Security through VPNC and co-ordinate all action with the station ASO or ASM

Bomb Threats Sabotage or bomb threats are periodically received by all airlines against their aircraft. Threats may vary from a casual or off hand remark to a direct and specific message. The action taken in response to these threats will be influenced by the nature of the threat and the way in which the threat is made known. From the facts available the threat is assessed and categorised as RED or GREEN. Under no circumstances will the cabin crew assess the bomb threat RED - is a specific warning which identifies a target and i s assessed as credible. GREEN - is a vague warning which does not identify a target and lacks credibility. In the event a message is discovered onboard: • confirm that the pre-flight security search of the area was completed • take all necessary measures to preserve evidence

1.1

Bomb Threat on Ground

1.1.1 • • • •

On ground – parked at gate

Captain will make the P.A. “Purser to the flight deck” Capt will brief Purser on the nature of the emergency and the disembarkation of passengers Purser will brief cabin crew accordingly. Captain will make the following PA to passengers (if applicable):

“ Ladies and Gentlemen, we have been advis ed of a securi ty th reat to one of our aircraft. This will mean that this aircraft must be searched. You will have to disembark and take all personal belongings with you. Please follow the instruc tions of the cabin crew.”


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1.1.2

• •

• • •


On Ground – Taxiing

Captain will make P.A. “ Purser to the flight deck” Captain will brief Purser on nature of the emergency and the precautionary disembarkation or evacuation procedure, which doors/slides to be used and signalling methods Purser will brief cabin crew accordingly Captain will make P.A. to passengers asking them to follow the instructions of the cabin crew NOTE: Precaution ary Disembarkatio n: If required, refer to subsection 307

1.2

Bomb Threat In fli ght

1.2.1 Red Warning In-flight Captain will make P.A. “ Purser to the flight deck” •

•

•

• •

Captain will give the Purser the NITS (Nature of threat, Intention, Time remaining to landing, Specifics) brief, including evacuation plan e.g. mobile steps, doors, slides, re-seating of passengers close to appropriate exits If instructed by the Captain, the Purser will brief cabin crew and initiate Cabin Search Procedures. The EMIRATES IN-FLIGHT C ABIN SEARCH CHECKLIST must be used during the search Initial Search Toilets, galleys, jump seats, floor stowages, closets should be searched discreetly first to avoid unnecessary panic amongst passengers in the cabin. Inform captain of the outcome of the initial search Cabin crew must carry out cabin search procedures and any other instructions given by the Purser. Time permitting a full search of all areas in the cabin must be completed whether a device is discovered or not, once the Captain has made the follow P.A.

“ Ladies and Gentlemen, we have received a message that a threat has been made to one of our aircraft. Airlines receive many such threats. However, we intend to take all possible precautions therefore we will be landing at …….. Airport in ….. minutes. Once we have stopped I will talk to you again. In the meantime, please follow the cabin crew’s instructions.

1.2.2 Suspicious article discovered in-flight 1.2.2.1

Cabin Crew actions

In the event of a threat received or discovered, inform the Captain, with all available information.


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Cabin Crew are familiar with most areas of the cabin, and know what to expect to find in all stowages. They should know if an item is standard equipment, normally carried by Emirates for the purpose of In-Flight Service, Safety or not. If an article is found that is in any way suspicious: • do not touch or move • do not leave the device unattended • inform the Flight Crew immediately giving exact location, accurate description and size of the device • after liaising with the Captain, where possible, move passengers away from the area. Instruct them to sit with their head below the tops of the seat backs • in the area remove oxygen bottles, duty free liquor, perfumes, flammables and other stowed equipment which would present a hazard • fire extinguishers should be readily available If the flight time permits, the Captain has the option to make the following PA:

“Ladies and gentl emen, if there is any on e on board w ith B.D or E.O.D experience, please make themselves know n to the crew” . Note: BD = Bomb Disposal. EOD = Explosive Ordnance Disposal. Only the initials will be used in the PA as experts will recognize them. Crew members must check for identification and inform Captain. BD or EOD will be utilized for accurate identification of the suspect article only 1.2.2.2

Unsafe to move device

Await Captains instructions as he communicates with an explosives expert on the ground. If it is deemed unsafe to move the device, move passengers away. The device must be covered with a plastic bag to prevent liquid from entering. Cover with cushions, pillows, blankets, or soft clothing to a depth and area as large as possible and saturate with water. This will reduce the risk of fire if it is an incendiary device. 1.2.2.3

Necessary to move device

If the Captain considers it essential to move the article for the safety of the aircraft, he will liaise with experts on the ground. After establishing that it is safe to move the device, it should be taken to the Least Risk B omb Lo cation (LRBL), which is t he aft right hand door , by a volunteer cabin crew member. Two cabin crew members are required to act as escorts, one walking in front, the other walking behind the cabin crew member carrying the device. The route from the location of the suspicious device to the LRBL area must be clear of all obstructions and loose equipment. Cabin divider curtains must be open. Once it has been decided to move the device to the LRBL the following actions must be carried out:


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•


Disarm Aft Right Hand door

•

EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT…………………… ………REMOVE AND STOW Emergency Equipment (PBE, fire extinguisher, Oxygen bottles, etc…) located close to the LRBL must be removed and stowed in alternate location

•

GALLEY/IFE POWER…………………………………………………………………OFF All galley and IFE equipment located close to the LRBL must be switched off.

•

LEAST RISK BOMB LOCATION (LRBL)……………………………………PREPARE If no bulk head exists between last row of passengers’ seats and the Aft Right door, use removable toilet doors to act as such.


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Support the toilet doors in place using seat cushions and other soft materials. Build up a platform of 3 double empty meal carts by laying them on t heir sides with wheels facing inboard.

Fill the area around the carts with seat cushions and other soft materials. Device must be placed at the mid height of door. Layer/s of seat cushions must be placed accordingly. Pour non flammable liquid over the structure as you build it layer by layer. Place a single, thin sheet of plastic on top of the wetted material, for example, a trash bag. •

BOMB INDICATION LINE…………………………………………………….POSITION Note: A bomb indication line, e.g. neckties, headset cords or belts tied together preferably of contrasting colour, is used to help the responding bomb squad find the precise location of the suspect device within the LRBL stack once constructed. Position the bomb indication line from the location of the suspect device within the LRBL stack. This will enable crewmembers to avoid any unnecessary


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passenger exposure, and enable the responding bomb squad to find the bomb with minimal time and disturbance. WARNING: Do not physically tie or otherwise attach the bomb indicator line to the bomb.

•

BOMB…………………………………………………………………MOVE TO LRBL Move it in the position found to the prepared LRBL. Secure the device on top of a plastic meal tray and tape it. Cover tray with plastic bag and tape securely around to prevent liquid from entering as the suspect device could get wet and possibly short circuit electronic components causing inadvertent device activation. Stabilize it on top of the plastic sheet above the wetted materials and centre it against the inside surface of the door. Position the bomb in the attitude found as close as to the centre of the LRBL. CAUTION: Ensure that the suspect device, when placed in the stack against t he door is above the slide pack and not against the door handle. If possible avoid placement in the view port.

• • • •

Fill the entire area above the bomb with wet seat cushions to the cabin ceiling. This is the inner layer. Do not place anything directly on top of the device. Build another layer of wet seat cushions from the top of meal carts to the ceiling. This is the outer layer. Secure the structure in place using wet blankets and other appropriate materials.

•

PASSENGERS………………………………………………………MOVE/ADVISE Move passengers away from LRBL as far as possible. On full flights, it may be necessary to double up passengers to achieve standoff from the suspect device. Such passengers require oxygen masks and must be secured by any available means. Passengers near the bomb should protect their heads with pillows and blankets. All passengers must remain seated with seat belts on and if possible, heads below the top of the head rests. Seat backs must be in full upright position.

•

CABIN CREW………………………………………………NOTIFY FLIGHT CREW Once the cabin and the LRBL are secured, cabin crew must notify the flight crew and secure themselves. Aft positions cabin crews must be relocated to a cabin seat behind last row of passengers.


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DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT The Purser or SFS must be involved in all stages of any disruptive behaviour incidents on board, and the Captain must be kept fully informed. Communication between cabin and flight crew is essential so that each incident is addressed and handled appropriately. Because any incident might cause discomfort, offence, anxiety or injury to others, it may be necessary for the Captain to inform t he authorities at the next point of landing so that the offender is dealt with appropriately.

The assistance of able-bodied passengers may also be requested if required. Under no circumstances shall flight crew become directly involved in any direct contact with a disruptive passenger. 1. Objective The objective in dealing with a disruptive behaviour is to • protect the safety and security of all crew and passengers on board • calm the individual/s down, while avoiding confrontation • take appropriate action to prevent the situation from escalating 2. Definition A “disruptive passenger” is defined as one… • whose conduct causes discomfort to other people or damage to property • who fails to comply with the instructions of EK staff • who endangers the safety of the aircraft, passengers, crew or themselves 3. Types of Behaviour Disruptive or unruly behaviour takes many forms. These include, but are not limited to the following: 3.1 Verbal abuse, incl udi ng abusi ve or sugg estive language This may cause discomfort or offence to others. It does not necessarily cause endangerment to others or to the safety or security of the aircraft. If appropriate, the crew member may politely inform the passenger not to address them in that manner and allow another crew memember to handle the disruptive passenger. If it continues the passenger may be warned (see formal warning) or be offloaded at the next available station. 3.2 Indecent Exposure Is when one exposes certain parts of the body which might cause discomfort or offence to others.


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The passenger must be immediately instructed to cease and be informed about the effect their behaviour may be having on others. If necessary, the cabin crew should attempt to assist the passenger to cover themselves appropriately, e.g. with a blanket. If it continues the passenger may be warned (see formal warning) or be offloaded at the next available station. 3.3 Disorderly behaviour due to alcohol or drugs Alcohol or drug intoxication may be an underlying cause of disruptive behaviour. If a passenger exhibits signs of intoxication, the Purser or SFS is empowered to deny further service of alcohol (see 4Ds technique). If necessary any unconsumed alcohol may be confiscated. 3.4 Non Compliance with crew instruc tions The refusal of an individual to comply with instructions from flight or cabin crew constitutes disruptive behavior. Depending on the circumstances, it may endanger the safety and security of the aircraft, crew, the passenger concerned and other passengers. This could involve a passenger smoking in the toilet or cabin, refusing to fasten his/her seat belt for take off, landing, or during the t ime that the “fasten seat belt” sign is illuminated. The passenger must be reminded of the safety and security implications of his behaviours. If it continues the passenger may be warned (see formal warning) or be offloaded at the next available station. 3.5 Smoki ng in t he cabin / toilet Smoking in the cabin or toilet is illegal and considered disruptive behaviour. Assertively instruct the passenger to extinguish the cigarette. “ Excuse me Sir/Madam, it is ill egal to smok e on board. Extingui sh your cigarette.” All incidents must be reported to the Purser and Captain whether the offender is known or not. If the passenger ignores or refuses to comply with this instruction see 11.3.2.4 Refusal to comply with crew instructions. 3.6 Smoki ng in t he toilet and tampering w ith t he Smoke Detector This must be treated as a safety issue under Civil Aviation Regulation ‘Endangerment of Safety and Security or Assault’ which reads: “ If the conduct of the passenger endangers the safety or security of the aircraft or involves a hazard or r isk to o ther persons, it might result in the offloading of the passenger and/or legal acti on against t he passenger being taken” The Captain must be notified immediately. He will in turn notify Network Control to request Police to meet the aircraft on arrival. Witness statements must be written and signed by the concerned crew members and passengers. 3.7 E-cigarette: refer Sec 300, Sub Section 302


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3.8 Physical assault / physical abuse / endangerment of safety and securi ty When the safety and/or security of the aircraft, passengers or crew is endangered or likely to be endangered, the passenger must be warned (see formal warning) immediately. It may be necessary, with the Captain’s authority, to physically restrain them. Refer to procedures under point 9. Restraining an Endangering Passenger. When the Restraint Kit has been used, the Commander shall notify Network Control Centre. The notification shall include the passenger’s name and seat number and a brief description of the event. Witness statements must be written and signed by the concerned crew members and passengers. 4. Confli ct Management and Resolu tio n Cabin Crew are often on the receiving end of passengers’ frustrations. It is sometimes difficult to remain calm when being shouted at, verbally abused, offended, or insulted. Whichever behaviours are being displayed, it must always be our priority to resolve the conflict peacefully, thus avoiding: • • • • • • •

4.1

Endangerment to aircraft safety & security Injury Mental trauma Physical damage Negative image of EK Legal action Financial loss L.E.A.P.

Identifying the cause of disruptive behaviour can assist i n effectively resolving the situation. This can be achieved through the use of the L.E.A.P. technique. This is a mental checklist for cabin crew to use when dealing with a conflict situation. To prevent further disruption sometimes all a passenger requires is for cabin crew to listen. L –isten actively • Give them your full attention • Do not interrupt them when they are talking • Use appropriate eye contact • Get down to the same level and acknowledge their comments by nodding E-mpathise • Where possible show that you want to help them to resolve the problem • Show the passenger that you understand their situation, should you have had a similar experience • ‘Put yourself in their shoes’ so to speak Use open, positive body language


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A-sk open questions Where necessary use open questions to establish the source of the issue i.e. What? When? Which? Open questions will achieve 2 things. • You will gain information to build a ‘clear picture’ of what caused the disruption in the first place. • The passenger gets an opportunity to vent his/her feelings. P-araphrase • Summarize the information in your own words to show the passenger that you have listened to and understood them. • They can then correct /agree with the information This information can now be used to effectively handle the passenger issue 4.2

The 4Ds

Intoxication due to alcohol and/or drugs may be an underlying cause of disruptive behaviour. It is the responsibility of each crew member to remain vigilant and monitor passenger behaviour throughout the flight. Passengers are not allowed to consume alcohol onboard, whether purchased as duty free or otherwise obtained, unless it is served to them by the crew. When applied appropriately, 4D’s is a useful tool that can assist crew members when dealing with passengers under the influence of alcohol and are displaying the potential to become disruptive. Once the SFS / PUR advises the implementation of the 4d’s, the Captain and all crew members must be kept informed. D-elay – if you observe a passenger consuming alcoholic beverages at a rapid rate, it is advisable to delay serving him/her further alcohol. D-istract – use resources available, for example, IFE or conversation, to distract the passenger from drinking more alcohol. D-ilute – where appropriate you may need to dilute alcoholic drinks should you feel this would help contain a potentially disruptive situation. D-eny – if the passenger’s behaviour becomes unacceptable due to excessive alcohol consumption, the Purser or SFS is empowered to stop serving that passenger alcohol or to withdraw alcohol which has been served. It is important to note that a passenger may become aggressive when they are denied what they believe they have paid for. 4.3 Formal Warni ng “ On behalf of the Captain, your behaviour is u nacceptable. If it cont inues, we will be forced to take further necessary action against you.”


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The Formal Warning is a legal statement. The Formal Warning must be given: • when all attempts at conflict management have failed • if the passenger is continuously disruptive • before taking any direct action against a disruptive passenger • preferably by the Purser or SFS with the Captain’s permission However, if required imminently, the Formal Warning may be given by any cabin crew member without the Captain’s permission. The Captain must then be notified at the earliest opportunity. The Formal Warning shall be issued: • verbally • once only • assertively in front of the other passengers 4.4

Refusal of carriage / Offloadin g

The Captain is empowered to: • off load, if the passenger has already boarded (doors open or closed) • return to stand and offload the passenger • offload the passenger at the next scheduled place of landing • divert to the nearest airport and offload the passenger in extreme situations

4.5 Police assis tance and baggage The Captain must request the Police to meet the aircraft and assist in the off-loading process. The Captain is ultimately responsible for the decision to exclude a passenger from carriage and the final decision must rest with him. Any checked baggage and/ or cabin baggage should be retrieved from the air craft and reunited with the passenger. Ref: Security Measures: Voluntary or Involuntary off loading process 4.6 Reportin g 4.6.1 KIS Report In any disruptive passenger situation, the Purser or SFS must fill out a KIS r eport. A clear and factual description of the incident including action taken by the crew should be recorded. 4.6.2 Witness Statement This can be given to at least two willing witnesses of an on-board incident whenever required. The Witness Statement Form can be found in the cabin located ship’s library.


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NOTE: Witness Statement forms are EK controlled document. Do not return witness statement if requested to do so. You can make a note on the statement that the passenger asked to withdraw the statement and the reason for that. 4.6.3 Captain’s Special Report When a passenger is excluded / offloaded from a flight, the Captain will complete a Captain’s Special Report (CSR). It must state the complete details of the incident, the name and address of the excluded person(s) and names and addresses of independent witnesses who are willing to give evidence if required to do so. 5. Endangering passenger - restrain ing The authority to use these restraining devices in-flight, rests solely with the Commander. The cabin crew must communicate and describe the exact behaviour of the passenger to the Captain. A passenger may be restrained as a last resort when: • all attempts at conflict resolution have failed • a passenger has endangered or is likely to endanger the safety of the aircraft, passengers, crew or themselves. 5.1 Rules of Restr aint • • • • •

The cabin crew must remain fully in charge of the restraining process at all times. A minimum of 2 crew members are required The operating/augmenting flight crew must not assist the cabin crew members to restrain The Purser or SFS must fully brief the cabin crew and ABPs (if applicable) before the restraint process starts. Surprise, Teamwork and Speed must be used. Without these 3 elements, restraining will be much more difficult.

5.2 Abl e Bodi ed Passengers (ABPs) Only willing ABPs may assist. If necessary ,choose staff passengers, police officers, military personnel, paramedics or other responsible Able Bodied Passengers (ABPs) on the flight to assist with the restraint. Avoid choosing ABPs who have been drinking alcohol, have been directly involved in the incident, or are related to or travelling with the disruptive passenger. 5.3 Dealing with a restrained person in fligh t • • •

Once restrained, the individual should be taken to the nearest available seat by as many crew members as necessary. Relocate other passengers from the vicinity if possible. Keep the individual under cabin crew observation. One cabin crew member should be seated as close as possible to him/her with the release tool at hand.


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• • • • •


Water should be offered to the offender through a straw to avoid dehydration. Crew may offer to feed the passenger if required If the legs are restrained they should be released during cabin pr eparation. The offender must remain in the seat, restrained, until security personnel or police take them off after landing unless there is an emergency situation. In this case the release tool must be used to cut the handcuffs during the cabin preparation phase of a planned emergency landing unless the Captain instructs otherwise.

6. Arr ival, Statements and Evidence • • • • • •

Collect any relevant evidence to the incident/s that occurred. Use the Polaroid or a digital camera if necessary. Record the personal details of, and ask for statements from any witnesses, injured parties and ABPs who assisted. Where possible request a business card. Disembark restrained passenger last if possible (or follow request of local authority) Give a full account of the incident to any local police or security personnel as soon as they board the aircraft. A written statement must be provided by the cabin crew as soon as possible when the authorities ask for one. Purser to complete a KIS report.

7. Emirates Air por t Servi ces (EKAS) In Dubai, Emirates Airport Services (EKAS) staff will support the involved crew when a request has been made by the Captain for Police or Security to meet the aircraft. This will include as necessary, translation, explanation and filing a case against the offender/s. 8. Court proc eeding s For legal action to be taken in Dubai or overseas it might be necessary for crew and staff members involved in the incident to give evidence and attend court. Attendance in this case is to be considered mandatory. Giving evidence and attending court might involve time away from work and/or travel to a court outside Dubai. This will be considered duty time and duty travel. Giving evidence and attending court can be stressful and inconvenient. However, the involvement of crew is an important step which benefits all involved and improves security for employees and passengers in the long run. 9. Restr aint Kit The Restraint Kit is located under the Purser jump seat. Pre-Flight Check by operating Purser: Availability and Seal intact. 9.1.

Once the endangering passenger is in the custody of the authorities, the Purser is responsible for ensuring that the used Key Cuffs are safely removed from the passenger’s hands and returned to the restraint kit.


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9.2 9.3


If the kit is used the Purser must ensure that a KIS report is submitted under the ‘Disruptive Passengers – Restrained’ category and make a Cabin Log entry. If the Restraint Kit is unavailable or found unsealed, the Purser must make a Cabin Log entry. Restraint Kit Contents 3 pairs of Key Cuffs (reusable) 2 Straps 1 Key 1 Release tool

10.

Use To tie hands behind back To tie feet together if necessary To loosen or open the Key Cuffs To cut the Key Cuffs or straps in an emergency

Advanced Restr aint Techni ques (ART)

10.2 Practice ART must be practiced to be effective. Practical training is conducted on Abinitio, SFS / PURSERS, Aircraft Conversions and Recurrent courses and further practice is recommended outside the normal training schedule. 10.1 Pressure poin ts The most sensitive parts of the nerves in the human body that may produce significant pain and therefore reduce mobility or immobilise when manipulated in a specific manner. 10.3 The Sitti ng Techni que From a safe distance one crew member should distract the disruptive passenger The other three will approach from behind Speak softly at eye level so the passenger leans forward • •

• • • •

Locate Pressure Poin ts Crew members at each side should locate the pressure points between the shoulder blade and ribs on each side of the back, using a clenched fist with the middle knuckle slightly protruding Grab your wrist with the other hand for more support Place your knuckle with shock and bodyweight on the pressure points located earlier (as shown) The crew member at the back should assist by pushing down on the middle of the back. Crew members at side and back must work simultaneously with each other


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•

Replace your knuckle with your elbow, applying more shock to the pressure point.

•

Crew members at the side should put their hand between the body and arm of the passenger to grab hold of the thumb on each side Pull and twist the thumb to bend the wrist.

•

•

Use your other hand to grab the remaining part of the hand around the palm as shown. Twist the wrist with both hands towards the passengers back


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• • • •

•

•

•

•

Once the hand is behind the back, push and lift towards the neck Step forward and block the elbow with your hip Let go of the thumb and apply shock with your elbow on the shoulder blade pressure point Apply the restraints

The crew member at the back should now grab the passenger by the shoulders and bring them back into the seat The crew members on the side should grab the shoulder and elbow to assist pulling the passenger back to the seat

As soon as the back touches the seat, the crew member at the back should grab the upper forehead (hairline) Push the hips down by using the palms of the hands on the hip bone or the knuckles on the leg bend below the hi bone in order to fasten the seat belt


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• • •

•

Continue to hold the passenger against the seat Place your shin on the pressure point on the thigh using your bodyweight. If necessary, more force can be applied by grabbing the arm rest or pushing against the hat rack while moving the shin with force against the thigh. Restrain both legs by using restraint straps or extension seatbelts

•

By bending the fingers against the joint as shown, we can hold the passenger down or put them on the floor.

•

Where only 2 crew members are available to carry out the restraint, in order to minimise movement, one must push them forward, continuously applying shock & pressure on the shoulder blade pressure point with the elbow and at the top of the back with the other hand. The other must pull the elbow and quickly pull the hand backwards.


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10.4


The Standi ng Technique

•

•

Place your left hand on the left shoulder. Place the palm of your right hand on the spine, in the middle of the body. Push down with your left hand and forward and down with your right hand at the same time.

14. Immediately following this, place the arch of the right foot behind the right knee of the passenger. 14. Kick and step on the knee with your full weight.

• •

Keep your foot behind the knee. Push forward with your knee using your whole body weight.


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• •

• •

• • •

• •

Keep pushing down and place your knee across the buttocks. Place your right elbow on the right shoulder blade pressure point, or both hands on the back.

Three other crew members should assist. One should secure the legs by using both shins on both calves close to the heel of each leg. The other two should grab the last two or three fingers Pull and twist against the joint. Hit the elbow to take the hands behind the back.

Push the hands towards the head. Restrain hands and legs.


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10.5

Addi tio nal techni ques

14. The following images show a selection of techniques designed to help control and restrain an endangering passenger in various situations.

14. Step on the knee with your entire bodyweight and follow the steps for the standing technique

•

Approach the passenger from the side; kick the knee to bend it forward.


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•

Step on the knee with your entire bodyweight and follow the steps for the standing technique

•

Use your knee to push passenger down from middle of the body. Follow the steps for the standing technique.

•

Grab, twist and pull the fingers. Then hit the elbow to get the hand behind the back.


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HIJACKING

1.

Emirates Policy

At no tim e wi ll a hi jacker be allo wed acces s t o t he f li gh t deck It is not possible to provide definitive instructions that will cover every conceivable situation that may develop, or to outline in detail the exact steps to be followed in t he event of a hijacking. However, the following recommendations, if performed during a hijacking, are likely to contribute toward the safe completion of the flight.

2.

Three Phases of hij acking

History has taught us that there are often three distinct phases to a hijacking: Intimidation, Custodial and Resolution. Cabin crew members play an important role in all three phases. 2.1 Intimi dation Phase This is the initial phase of a hijacking situation. The hijacker’s intention is to take control of the Aircraft. This involves verbal and/or physical intimidation. During this phase cabin crew must: • • • •

Remain calm, comply and cooperate Avoid rapid or unusual movement Inform the Flight Deck crew as soon as possible using the coded communication “A passenger DEMANDS access to the Aircraft”. Inform the hijacker/s that they may establish and maintain communication with the Captain via the interphone.

2.2 Custodi al Phase This is the second phase of a hijack. During this time, the hijacker/s have gained control of the cabin. They may appear calmer and they may use cabin crew members to carry out their instructions. The Custodial Phase can last for an indefinite period of time – hours/days/weeks. The aircraft may be on ground during this time while negotiations between the hijacker/s and ground authorities take place. During this time cabin crew must: • • •

Observe hijackers’ behaviour Note their appearance, dress, language, demands, weapons Memorise as much detail as possible about what is happening in the cabin. Should you find yourself in a hostage release situation, the information you are able to pass on to ground authorities could be critical to the outcome of the hijacking


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• •


Observe passengers’ behaviour. If possible keep passengers calm and prevent them from forming groups Be aware of passengers who maybe accomplices to the hijackers. They are known as Sleepers and will only make themselves known if necessary

2.3 Resol uti on Phase Sooner or later the hijack will end. An agreement may be reached through negotiations between the hijackers and the authorities resulting in a peaceful resolution. However, if there is a breakdown in the negotiation process, the resolution may be forceful. This may result in a storming of the aircraft by Armed Police or Special Forces to rescue the hostages. At this stage cabin crew must: • • •

Get down immediately Keep hands visible. Instruct passengers to do the same.

Once the aircraft has been secured by the Special Forces the flight crew, cabin crew and passengers will be removed from the aircraft. At this point it may be unclear who the hostages are and who the hijackers are. It is likely that the Authorities will detain all involved for questioning. The Captain or a comp any representativ e will id entify t he cabin crew.

3.

Syndromes

A syndrome is a group of symptoms that indicate a psychological disorder, in response to an extreme situation. Cabin crew may not realize they are displaying these symptoms. However, it may be observed in colleagues or passengers. 3.1

Stockh olm Syndrom e

This is a phenomenon that has been observed when hijackers repeatedly subject hostages to the threat of violence and execution and then repeatedly remove the threat. The hostage develops feelings of gratitude for the removal of the threat, contributing towards the creation of unreasonable empathy between hostages and hostage takers. This is a dangerous sub-conscious state of mind, which can develop if the hijacking extends over several days. 3.2

Lond on Syndrom e

Characterized by a hostage verbally and or physically antagonizing a hijacker. This has resulted in hostages being hurt or killed. Cabin crew must remember that they are hostages, and must follow the hijacker/s instructions.


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3.3


John Wayne Syndrom e

This mostly occurs in men. This is where feelings of helplessness, guilt and self loathing, manifest as a result of being unable to take action against the hijackers. The hostage may be reduced to tears as feelings of guilt build.

4.

Media Relations

Generally, aircraft hijackings attract media attention. Cabin c rew must not m ake any comment or statement t o t he Media. Media interests should be referred to Emirates Corporate Communications, Media Relations. Flight crew and cabin crew should refrain from making any comment on a hijacking situation through any form of social media.


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Security Measures To uphold the Company's Security Standards and to abide by national and international regulations, certain security measures must be adopted and practiced by all flight and cabin crew. If these security measures are not carried out properly, Emirates will be liable to prosecution, but more importantly Emirates may be perceived as a ‘soft target’ for potential criminal activity. 1.

Emir ates Staff ID Card

1.1

Displaying

Flight and cabin crew on duty must display their Emirates Staff ID Cards: • on-board the aircraft • passing through security check points • accessing / remaining in secure/restricted areas of the airport 1.2

In-flight

1.2.1 Once the aircraft reaches the top of climb and the Captain switches off the seatbelt sign, cabin crew may remove their Emirates Staff ID cards (in accordance with Image & Uniform regulations). 1.2.2 At top of descent, prior to landing, cabin crew must wear their Emirates Staff ID cards in preparation for landing. 1.3

Safekeeping

1.3.1 Each flight and cabin crew member is responsible for the safekeeping of their Emirates Staff ID card. 1.3.2 The Emirates Staff ID Card remains the property of Emirates Airline. 1.3.3 All reasonable measures should be taken to ensure that it is not lost or stolen. 2 • •

Controlling Access to the Aircraft Authorized persons are allowed access to aircraft Cabin crew must control access to the aircraft once they arrive on board until they disembark the aircraft

2.1

Cabin crew rol e

2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4

Control and observe anybody boarding the aircraft at all stations. Challenge anybody not wearing an Emirates Staff I.D card or Airport Permit. Passengers must produce a paper-based or mobile boarding pass. Open aircraft doors must be attended by cabin crew at all times: available A-positions must be assigned to control access at open cabin doors during Pre-flight Security Search

•


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•

it is recommended to have only 1 open aircraft door during Pre-flight Security Search to ensure limited access from the outside. Captain should be kept informed at all times

2.2

When checking identification:

2.2.1 Emirates Staff I.D. Card - verify the photo and expiry date 2.2.2 Boarding Pass - verify the flight number, date and destination 2.2.3 Airport Permit - verify photo and expiry date For specific outstation requirements liaise with ground staff and inform the Captain. Note: Law Enforcement, Customs/Immigration and Aviation Security Inspectors may access the aircraft for inspection purposes. Such personnel should prominently display their department identification whilst on board, or in the vicinity of the aircraft. 2.3

Person refusing to provide identification:

2.3.1 Cabin crew member is required to request once again to see the ID. 2.3.2 If the individual refuses to show their ID, a cabin crew member must follow the person and report the incident to a senior cabin crew member. 2.3.3 Senior cabin crew member to assertively request to see the ID and check it. 2.3.4 Captain and EK ground staff must be informed. 3.

Securi ty Search

A security search is a thorough inspection of the interior of an aircraft to which persons may have had access. • Cabin crew must carry out a security search within their designated areas • It is the responsibility of every crew member to be familiar with their security search area, as outlined in the security search diagrams in this sub section • Security Search must not be delegated to another crew member 3.1

Pre-fli ght Securi ty Search

3.1.1 Cabin crew must carry out a Pre-flight Security Search prior to the embarkation of passengers. 3.1.2 If a cabin crew member is called out directly to the aircraft, the Purser must: • assign that cabin crew member an ‘A’ position with no security search responsibility • if this is not possible, the Purser must carry out the security search for the cabin crew member and document it 3.2

Cabin Crew Secur ity (Search) Checkli st

3.2.1 Located under each cabin crew jump seat 3.2.2 The checklist must be carried and referred to whilst conducting the Pre-flight Security Search.


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3.3


Search Procedu re

3.3.1 “ All Cabin Crew please start your Securit y Search now” PA made by the Purser: • Once ground staff have disembarked • Prior to passengers boarding 3.3.2 Jump seat: Search all associated stowages and compartments 3.3.3 Cabin: • Aft to forward, facing forward • Bottom to top (floor level upwards) 3.3.4 Life jacket pouches - 10% random physical search: • Remove the life jacket from the pouch • Physically check the stowage • Replace the life jacket 3.3.5 Sealed life jacket compartment s - 10% random visual check of seals: • Tampered/damaged seal, or no seal, requires thorough physical search. • Y/C red security seals • F/C & J/C transparent security seals 3.3.6 Unsealed life jacket compartments - 10% random physical search: • Remove life jacket from compartment • Physically check the stowage • Replace the life jacket 3.3.7 Seat poc kets – 100% thorough physical search Includes behind the last row of seats, in front of the bulkhead. 3.3.8 F/C & J/C seat-backs - 100% checked visually. 3.3.9 Middle rows with 3 seats (D, E, F): R/H crew member to search middle (E) seats. 3.3.10 CRC: • All stowages and cupboards • Cabin crew & flight crew areas • B777 emergency escape hatch, from inside CRC (bunk no 6) 3.3.11 Duty Free (DF) carts/containers: DF Operators conduct the security search. 3.3.12 Red Documents Bag Searched by the Purser.


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3.3.13 Monitoring: • Purser must monitor cabin crew members by doing a walk around of the cabin • SFS must monitor cabin crew members in their area of responsibility

3.2.14 During the security search c abin crew members mu st: • Monitor engineers / caterers who are working in their area of responsibility and • Thoroughly search the area in which that person worked once they leave 3.4

Dubai onl y

Cabin crew are NOT required to conduct a search of catering/duty free carts/containers if the catering/duty free carts/containers are received at the aircraft with seals intact. 3.4.1 Cabin crew must check the integrity of seals 3.4.2 If any cart or container is received without a seal, or if the integrity of the seal is suspected, a thorough security search of that cart/container must be conducted. 3.4.3 The space where the cart/container is stowed must be searched as part of the galley security search. Pull the cart/container out and check behind. 3.5

Discovery of a non standard item

Should an item other than standard aircraft equipment be discovered during the Preflight Security Search: • Do not touch and do not move the item • Immediately inform the Purser or SFS • Purser or SFS to check the item, using the H.O.T. Principle to evaluate whether or not the item requires further assessment 3.6

HOT Prin ciple

The HOT Principle is a tool to assist senior cabin crew in the initial evaluation of a questionable item discovered pre-flight, in-flight or post-arrival. The HOT Principle prompts senior cabin crew to ask three simple questions to help evaluate whether the item requires further assessment. • Is the item NOT Hidden? • Is the item Obviously left behind? • Is the item Typical of this aircraft? If the answer is YES to any 2 of these questions, the item may be returned to its appropriate location or safely offloaded from the aircraft (Refer to the Cabin Crew Manual (green manual), Section 200, Subsection 248, 'Items Found on Board'). If the answer is NO to any 2 of these questions, the operating Captain must be informed and the item referred to Security for further assessment. 3.7

Confirm ation of Securi ty Search


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3.7.1 The Purser confirms completion completion of the the Security Search with an ‘All Attendant’ call call starting from L2 to L3, L4, (L5, R5 B777-300). R4, R3, R2, R1 (in a horseshoe manner). • Purser makes the call from L1 station • Verbally confirms L1 Security Search is completed • L1 is not required to use the interphone 3.7.2 The Door Operator: • receives verbal confirmation from their corresponding A-position (if applicable) • confirms the security search for both positions to the Purser • acknowledges the Purser “Security Search completed” • remains on the interphone until all operators have responded Purser must acknowledge “Security Search completed”

3.8

Emirates Pre-fli Pre-fli ght Aircraft Air craft Securi Securi ty Search Search List

3.8.1 At all outstations, outstations, ground ground staff will provide the Purser with the Search List. List. 3.8.2 Purser must complete and sign the Search Search List and provide it to the the Captain, to verify, complete and sign as required. 3.8.3 Completed and and signed Search List List must be be given to ground staff. 3.9

Exceptions

3.9.1 Lic ensed Service Service Provider When a Licensed Service Provider is contracted to conduct the required Pre-flight Security Search: (refer to Station Information Manual for exceptions) • Cabin crew must physically search only 10% of seat pockets and 10% of life jacket pouches. 3.10 3.10

Transit Stops wit h Passengers Passengers On Board

3.10.1 Cabin Crew must conduct: • Head Count (see 3.14) • Pre-flight Security Search (see 3.1,3.2 & 3.3) • Baggage ID (see 3.15) 3.10.2 The Pre-flight Security Search includes: • 100% of seat pockets in front of vacant of vacant seats • 10% of life jacket pouches/compartments pouches/compartments (see 3.3.4, 3.3.5 & 3.3.6) • 100% seat backs in F/C & J/C


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3.11 3.11 • •


Transit Stops with a change of flight and cabin crew

Disembarking cabin crew are responsible for conducting the passenger Head Count (see 3.14) Embarking cabin crew are responsible for conducting the Pre-flight Security Search along with a Baggage ID (see 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 & 3.15)

3.12 3.12

Transit Stops where all passengers disembark

The Pre-flight Security Search applies (see 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.7). 3.13 3.13

Post Arr ival Securi Securi ty Check Check

Post Arrival Security Check must be carried out by cabin crew: • Final destinations, outstations only (refer to Station Information Manual for exceptions) • Transit stops where all passengers passengers disembark During the Post Arrival Security Check cabin crew must: • Look for items left behind by passengers, suspicious or otherwise • Refer to Cabin Crew Manual for item left behind procedure • Check all areas where items are commonly left behind by passengers. passengers. Cabin Crew must verbally confirm to the senior in their t heir respective cabin, SFS to verbally confirm to Purser. 3.14

Head Head Coun t

As requi required, red, a count count of remai remaining ning passenge passengers, rs, or disembark disembarking ing pass passenge engers, rs, must must be be carried out to ensure that the correct number of passengers continue on on the next sector. Refer to the detailed procedure in the Cabin Crew Manual (green manual), Section 200, Sub Section 205.

3.15 3.15

Baggage Identi ficati fi cation on (Baggage ID)

A Baggag Baggage e ID check check must be carried carried out as as part part of the Pre-fli Pre-flight ght Securi Security ty Search Search to ensure that all cabin baggage belongs to passengers who remain on board the aircraft. • The Purser must make an announcement requesting all passengers to make a specific verbal identification of all their belongings to the cabin crew. • A reasona reasonable ble attemp attemptt should should be be made made to find the the rightfu rightfull owner owner of any unidentifi unidentified ed bag. • Failing this, the Ground Staff and Captain must be informed and the bag offloaded prior to closing doors • Passengers should remain in their original seats during the Pre-flight Security Search. Note: Ground Staff will liaise with Security Security as as appropriate. appropriate.


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4.

Flight Deck Security

4.1

Flight Crew


Flight crew members should not leave the flight deck for cabin visits during a fl ight, unless operationally/physiologically required. 4.2

Passengers

4.2.1 Visits by passengers to the flight deck are not permitted. 4.2.2 The Purser is responsible for ensuring that all cabin crew follow the correct procedures in relation to safeguarding the flight deck. 4.2.3 The Purser must nominate another operating cabin crew member to liaise with the flight crew and to monitor access to the flight deck if he or she is required elsewhere in the cabin 4.3

Emergency Access Code

The Emergency Access code must only be used if flight crew incapacitation is suspected. 4.4 Locki ng the Door 4.4.1 Prior to departure, the door is to remain closed and locked once the Captain gives the Purser authority to close the last cabin door. 4.4.2 At all times when the flight deck door is closed in flight it must be locked. 4.4.3 Once the flight deck door is closed / locked, the interphone is the primary means of communication between the flight deck and cabin. The Purser is the primary interface in this communication. 5.

Access to the Flight Deck

Only operating flight and cabin crew are allowed access to the flight deck for operational reasons. 5.1 Normal Operatio n 5.1.1 Prior to requesting access, ensure that the area outside the flight deck door (L1, R1 & galley area) is cleared of all passengers. 5.1.2 If the toilet(s) locking indicator shows ‘vacant’, check inside to verify. 5.1.3 Request for access to the flight deck is made using the keypad. 5.1.4 Verification of the request is made by the flight crew via the camera system. 5.1.5 When authorising access the flight crew and cabin crew must ensure that no unauthorised persons are near the flight deck door prior to unlocking This is done by: • the flight crew members using all views of the camera system, and • the cabin crew members being aware of the surrounding area. 5.1.6 At the discretion of the Captain, the door will be unlocked and should be closed as soon as practical.


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5.1.7 The Captain may authorise extra security measures on the day of operation to ensure only operating crew are requesting access to the flight deck, e.g. code word. 5.2

Exiting the Flight Deck

5.2.1 When a flight or cabin crew member must exit the flight deck, they must ensure the area outside the flight deck door is not occupied by any passengers. This is to be done using all views of the camera. If necessary, contact the cabin crew to facilitate the temporary relocation of any passengers in the area prior to opening the flight deck door. 5.3

Camera not working

5.3.1 Captain must be contacted by the cabin crew member requesting access from the L1 interphone, prior to using the keypad to request access. 5.3.2 Use the keypad. 5.3.3 The Pilot-Not-Flying (PNF) will use the viewing lens in the door to verify the identity of the person requesting access to the flight deck. 5.3.4 At the discretion of the Captain, the door will be unlocked and should be closed as soon as practical. 5.4 Flight Crew exiti ng and re-enterin g the Flight Deck wi th camera not wo rking 5.4.1 When a pilot needs to leave the flight deck, an authorised cabin crew member must be called to occupy the flight deck jump-seat prior to the pilot leaving and, until he returns. 5.4.2 When the cabin crew member is occupying the flight deck jump seat, the pilot may exit the flight deck. 5.4.3 On re-entry the pilot will use the keypad. 5.4.4 The cabin crew member will use the viewing lens in the door to verify the identity of the person requesting access to the flight deck. 5.4.5 At the discretion of the Pilot Flying, the door will be unlocked and should be closed as soon as practical. 5.4.6 Limit the amount of time the door is open while the cabin crew member exits and the PNF enters the flight deck. The door should be closed and locked immediately. 5.5

Flight Deck Jump Seats

5.5.1 Operating cabin crew who are assigned a jump seat/position within the cabin may not be accommodated on the flight deck jump seat for Take Off or Landing. 5.5.2 At the discretion of the Captain, supernumerary cabin crew may occupy jump seats 5.5.3 Pursers are to make this request to the Captain at the briefing. 5.5.4 These cabin crew members must be briefed by flight crew on the oxygen masks, life vests and the emergency exits on the flight deck. 5.5.5 They must be seated prior to the cockpit door being locked, before pushback. Once the seat belt sign has been switched off, the Captain must instruct them to return to the cabin.


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5.5.6 For landing, cabin crew must be seated prior to top of descent and no later than the illumination of the seat belt sign. 5.5.7 When parked at the gate with the seat belt sign switched off, the cabin crew may exit the flight deck. 5.5.8 Supernumerary crew will be issued with a checklist for their two supernumerary flights which must be completed by the Purser. The Captain or First Officer should sign off the visit to the flight deck. 6.

Items not permit ted in cabin baggage

Sharp items such as, but not limited to, ‘Swiss Army’ knives, ‘Leatherman’ knives, razor blades, scissors may not be carried in carry-on luggage. They must be packed in the suitcase, which will be placed in the aircraft hold (refer to the Station Information Manual for exceptions). 7.

Carri age of weapons, fir earms and ammuni tio n

It is prohibited to carry any type of firearm, ammunition or other weapon in the passenger cabin or in the flight deck of any Emirates aircraft. This includes, but is not limited to, the following: • • • • • • •

Cold steel (sword, knives, daggers and any tools used for piercing, cutting, smashing, bruising, etc.) Firearms, whether military, private or for sporting purposes Weapons that operate by air compression Fireworks/flares Constituent parts of firearms/weapons Ammunition for firearms All items having an external shape similar to any type of weapon/firearm

8.

Liq uids Aerosol s & Gels (LAGs)

8.1

Definition

LAGs include water and other drinks, soups, syrups, jams, stews, sauces, pastes, creams, lotions, cosmetics, oils, perfumes, sprays, hair & shower gels, contents of pressurised containers, shaving foam, deodorants, mascara, lip gloss & lip balm, and any items of similar consistency at room temperature. 8.2

Restriction

8.2.1 At most international airports restrictions are placed on passengers and crew carrying LAGs in the aircraft cabin. 8.2.2 As a general rule, crew must carry LAGs in containers with a capacity of no more than 100 ml each. 8.2.3 These containers must be placed in a transparent re-sealable plastic bag of a maximum capacity of 1 litre.


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9.

U.S.A. Flight s securit y regulatio ns

9.1

Verif y fli ght and cabin crew ID before boardi ng the aircraft

The air carrier or air carrier’s authorized representative must examine the ID of all operational flight and cabin crew members and verify their assignment on that flight. If the air carrier’s authorized representative cannot verify the identity and flight assignment of a flight and cabin crew member, he or she must deny boarding and notify appropriate authorities.

9.2

Flight and cabin crew action in flig ht

9.2.1 Passengers must be directed to use those lavatories that are in their class of service. For example, passengers travelling in first class must only use those lavatories in First Class, and passengers travelling in Economy Class must only use those lavatories in Economy Class. Cabin crew members must be vigilant for suspicious and/or inappropriate items being carried into lavatories. 9.2.2 The cabin crew must inspect all lavatories on board the aircraft for prohibited items, suspicious looking liquids, and items that have been left behind by a passenger, prior to departure and at least once every two hours in flight Ap pr op ri ate P.A .s w ill be m ade by t he Captai n. 9.2.3 The pilot of the aircraft must make a pre-flight announcement requesting the cooperation of all passengers to not congregate in groups in any area of the aircraft cabin, especially around lavatories. The pilot should repeat the announcement inflight, as the pilot deems appropriate. 9.2.4 If cabin crew are not comfortable with any congregation of passengers forming in the cabin of the aircraft, cabin crew must notify the flight crew. The pilot may either restate the announcement in paragraph 3 above or turn the seat belt sign on and instruct all passengers to return to their seats. Cabin crew must use sound judgment in determining at what point a congregation of passengers is too large or cabin crew comfort level is compromised.

10.

Checklist s in Flight Deck

•

Security related checklists are located in the Blank Forms folder in the flight deck It is a GCAA requirement that these checklists are available for flight and cabin crew to use if necessary

•

10.1 Emirates Pre-Flight Aircraft Securit y Search List A complete ‘search list’ of areas that flight and cabin crew should be familiar with. Completion and signature of the search list shall be carried out at all outstations. 10.2 Emirates On-Groun d Air craft Securi ty Search Checklist The items in this checklist will be used by authorised personnel of the search team, with the possible assistance of aircraft engineers. This search will take place if there is a specific threat to the aircraft on the ground


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10.3 Emirates In-Flig ht Cabin Search Checklist Items in this checklist are for flight and cabin crew guidance and adherence and relate to bomb threats to aircraft in flight. 10.4 Emirates Least Risk Bomb Locati on (LRBL) Checkl ist If the Captain instructs that the suspect device has to be moved (determined after consulting with ground/bomb disposal expert), it should be moved to the LRBL, in the attitude it was found. 11.

Passenger Offloadin g

When a passenger is offloaded, voluntarily or involuntarily, cabin crew must conduct a security search, including Baggage ID, of the area to which the passenger could have had access. 12. 12.1 12.2 • • • •

12.3

12.4

12.5

Request by passenger to return to boardi ng gate During boarding, if a passenger asks to return to the boarding gate or terminal for any reason this should be discouraged. Permission may be granted depending on certain factors such as: Time to departure Legitimacy/urgency of reason Number of passengers still to board Availability of an EK staff member to escort the passenger The Purser must judge the situation and in consultation with ground staff (if available) make a reasonable decision, whilst taking all these factors in to account and keeping security in mind. If the passenger is allowed to leave the aircraft they must be accompanied by an on duty EK ground staff or Purser/SFS. The staff member is responsible for monitoring the passenger and ensuring their prompt return to the aircraft. The operating Captain must be kept informed.


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Cabin Crew Safety Checkli st

DECOMPRESSION

FIRE Toilet Fire

• •

• • • • • • • • • • •

Fire drill to be performed. Wear smoke hood if necessary. Get the nearest fire extinguisher. Crouch down and open door slightly using the door as protection. Enter toilet if safe. If not, discharge the whole fire extinguisher and close door. Keep low below smoke level. Aim at the base of the fire and extinguish it. Prevent a re-flash or secondary fire. Reseat passengers if necessary. Advice Cockpit Crew

• • • • • • •

Pre-Landing Duties • •

Cabin Fire • • • • • • • •

Switch off the current. Aim at the base of the fire using Halon. Dampen material with water where appropriate (solid). Use the back of your hand to feel the heat. If necessary, use crash axe to remove panels Trap the halon gas by closing the hatrack or bin. Wet towels to be distributed in case of smoke in the cabin.Advice Cockpit Crew.

• • • •

• • • • • • •

Secure Galley. Get water ready for quick removal. Secure area of responsibility. Demonstrate the brace position, advice passengers when to brace. Demonstrate the life jacket use (ditching only). Select ABPs. Advise Purser when preparations are completed. Wear own life jacket (Ditching only). Take designated seat when warned. Wear smoke hood in case of fire threatened emergency. Brace for impact when warned.

Post landing duties

Galley Fire •

Put on the nearest available O2 mask. Sit down, secure self. When advised, obtain and use nearest 2 bottle (and MRT on Airbus fleet) . Fit the mask in the Hi Flow outlet if O2 is till needed. (Above 10,000 feet). Ensure passengers are using and receiving O2. Report structural damage to Captain. Render First Aid where needed. Report injuries to Captain if any.

•

Control the O2 element (close oven door). Switch off the current (oven fire). Use Halon and close oven door. Dampen with water (only rubbish bin fire). Advise cockpit Crew.

• • • • • • • • •

Evaluate the outside condition. Operate your door in the armed mode. Activate your slide raft/escape slide. Ask passenger to inflate life jacket prior to leaving the Aircraft (Ditching only) Evacuate passengers (use body language) Check your cabin if possible. Take water, first aid/medical kits flash lights Evacuate self and congregate passengers 200 yards away from the aircraft. Disconnect your slide raft (Ditching only). Start your survival and signaling phase.

Note: A laminated A5 size card of the safety and security checklists is located under each jump seat


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Cabin Crew Security Checklist GALLEY 1.

Crew jump seats & associ ated stowage 2. Emergency equipment stowage 3. Video Control Compartment (VCC) 4. All service carts (inside & behind) 5. Trash compactors (inside & behind) 6. Waste bins located in the galley 7. All containers (inside & behind) 8. Ovens (includin g behind oven inserts) 9. Bread warmer & mic rowave 10. Ice drawers & fri dge 11. Hot cup s 12. All galley stowage/cupboards 13. Coat closets/ceiling stowage

CABIN 1. Crew Jump seats and associated stowage 2. Doghouses 3. Coat clos ets and cupboards 4. Under passenger seats & betw een seats 5. Life vest pouches/compartments 6. Seat poc kets 7. Space between fuselage & window seats 8. Overhead hat r acks If applicable: 9. Crew Rest Compart ment (CRC) & all Stowage located w ithin 10. Bar and loun ge areas A 380 11. Crew Work Station (CWS) A380

If applicable: 14. Trolley l ift s area A380 15. OCAS ceiling stowage B777-200 LR

TOILET 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Waste Bins (insi de and behind) Under the Sink Amenities Compartment Compartment behind mirrors Inside toilet bowl Baby Changing Table All areas/comp artments that do not require a tool to op en them (If sealed, verify the int egrity of t amper evident seals) If applicable:

8.

Spa show er A380 & areas as in ‘Toilet’

Note: This check list must be used and referred to as a guide during the Pre-Flight Security Check. Security Checks should be conducted from ‘Bottom to Top’.


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Cabin c rew safety d uties checklist Pre-flight duties 1.

When Cabin Crew board the aircraft 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16

1.17

1.18. 1.19 2.

Stow and secure hand luggage. Pre-flight check your assigned jump seat (Seat belt and shoulder harnesses). Check serviceability of the PA and of the Interphone systems (Audio/visual indications). Pre-flight check your assigned door. Pre-flight check manual demonstration equipment. Pre-flight check emergency equipment. Pre-flight check lavatory automatic fire extinguishers. Pre-flight check smoke detectors. (ref to aircraft type specific). Cabin crew to report to the Purser/SFS immediately any emergency equipment Discrepancies found during the pre flight checks. Purser to collectively pre-flight check the lavatory smoke detectors (ref to aircraft type specific). Purser to pre-flight check the emergency lights. Purser to pre-flight check safety video system. Purser to report to the flight crew or engineering any discrepancies found. Purser to make a PA once all ground personnel have disembarked the aircraft to start the security search (ref to sub sec 317 pg 01-03). Purser to make an all attendant call and receive confirmation of both the emergency equipment checks and security search in a horseshoe manner. (L2, L3,L4,L5,R5,R4,R3,R2,R1). Should the Purser be initiating the call from LI position, L1 is to verbally confirm the checks to the purser. The cabin crew at each station will acknowledge the checks and remain on theinterphone until all stations have confirmed “emergency equipment pre flight check and security search completed. Purser to report to the flight crew when all checks are completed and any emergency equipment discrepancies found during the pre flight checks. Purser to advise flight crew when boarding has started.

When passengers board the aircraft 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Monitor the amount of baggage and ensure correct stowage in overhead lockers or under the seats. Check that exits, aisles and cross aisles are clear of any obstructions. Ensure appropriate passengers are seated at the emergency exits (ref sub 301 pg 02). Distribute extension and/or baby seat belts, if necessary. Ensure that passengers comply with the “No Smoking” regulations. Manage the passenger flow. Report to purser any unusual or abnormal situations.


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3.


Closing of the cabin doors:

The Purser shall request the Captains permission to close the last cabin door when: 3.1 All passengers are seated. 3.2 All cabin baggage is securely stowed and the overhead lockers are closed. 3.3 The dispatcher has advised loading is complete and doors can be closed. 3.4 Whenever possible, all cabin doors should be closed 3 minutes prior to the scheduled time of departure. 3.5 Purser to make the following PA: “ Would all ground personnel please leave the aircraft, thank you” 4.

Arming of the cabin doors 4.1

Perform the door arming procedure, and physically cross check the opposite door when the PA is made by the purser: “ Prepare all doo rs and cross check” Respond to the purser all attendant call and confirm that doors are armed and physically cross checked in a horseshoe manner.

4.2

5.

During Taxiing and befor e take off 5.1

Purser: 5.1.1 To play the "Passenger Safety Briefing" video. 5.1.2 To request cabin crew members to take their "Passenger Safety Briefing" manual demonstration positions, if the system is down. Note: It is a regulatory requirement that passengers must not be distracted and must have an unobstructed view of the safety briefing video. All activities in the cabin must cease. Cabin crew are to stand at their demonstration positions whilst the video is playing. Additional crew may continue with pre-flight preparations in the galleys.

5.2

Cabin crew to check:

5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.2.8 5.2.9 5.2.10 5.2.11

Passengers are seated with their seat belts fastened. Stowage of passengers and crew baggage complies with regulations. Overhead lockers closed and secured. All pre-departure service items are removed. Tray tables are in upright and locked position and cup holders are stowed. Seat backs are in the upright position, armrests and footrests are correctly stowed Ensure PVS in arm rest is secure (where fitted) and all EK handsets are properly stowed All window blinds are opened. All lavatories are vacant and secured Crew rest areas are vacant; crew rest doors are closed and locked. All galleys are secured and all electrical switches OFF.


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5.2.12 5.2.13 5.2.14 5.2.15

All galleys are secured and all electrical switches OFF. All drop down panels (B777) and galley curtains are secured opened. All dog houses/floor stowage’s are secured. Aisles, cross-aisles and exits are clear of hazards i.e. passenger baggage and debris. 5.2.16 TV monitors and in-flight entertainment equipment are stowed. 5.2.17 Passengers comply with Portable Electronic Devices (PED) restrictions. 5.2.18 Cabin Crew to report cabin secure checks to Purser/SFS. 5.2.19 Cabin Crew to take designated crew seat (fasten seat belt and Shoulder harness) 5.2.20 Purser to adjust the cabin lighting (when appropriate). 5.2.21 Purser to report cabin secure checks to Captain and to take designated jumpseat: B777 A330/A340 6.

- Use 6* on interphone. - Press “ CABIN READY” button on the FAP.

Cabin crew safety-related dut ies duri ng take off and ini tial cli mb 6.1

When take off is immi nent 6.1.1 Flight Crew will announce “Cabin Crew prepare for t ake-off ”. 6.1.2 Cabin crew to perform the 30 seconds mental review (A.L.E.R.T). 6.1.3 Monitor passengers and aircraft during take off.

. 6.2

Af ter tak e-of f 6.2.1 Unless an emergency exists, Cabin Crew are not to leave their seats following take-off until either the “Cabin Crew Cleared For Duties” call has been received on the cabin interphone, PA or the Seat Belt sign has been switched off. 6.2.2 No galley equipment such as carts will be removed from their stowage until the “seat belt” sign is switched off.

7.

Cabin crew safety-related duti es duri ng crui se 7.1 Frequently monitor lavatories, galleys for fire and smoke(at least every 15min). 7.2 Check that the fire detection systems have not been disabled or tampered with 7.3 Ensure passenger compliance with all lighted signs and crew instructions. i.e. no smoking regulations and seat belts. 7.4 Ensure that passengers use only permitted electronic devices. 7.5 It is not permissible for passengers to sleep on the cabin floor at any phase of the flight. 7.6 Report any abnormal situations to the flight crew. 7.7 Report to Purser/SFS any cabin maintenance items and any emergency equipment used into the cabin logbook. 7.1


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7.8

The purser will enter cabin maintenance items and any emergency equipment used into the cabin logbook. 7.9 The purser will maintain communication with Flight Crew, SFSs and cabin Crew members. 7.10 The purser will organize crew rest. 8.

Pre-landing dut ies When 20 MINUTES TO “ TOP OF DESCENT” , Flight crew will inform cabin crew via the interphone or inform personally. Effective time management is to be used by cabin crew to plan and organise tasks in preparation for descent and landing.

8.1 When “ FASTEN SEATBELT” sign is sw itch ed ON. 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.1.6

Passengers are seated with their seat belts fastened. Stowage of passengers and crew baggage complies with regulations. Overhead lockers closed and secured. All pre-departure service items are removed. Tray tables are in upright and locked position and cup holders are stowed. Seat backs are in the upright position, armrests and footrests are correctly stowed. 8.1.7 Ensure PVS in arm rest is secure (where fitted) and all EK handsets are properly stowed. 8.1.8 All window blinds are opened. 8.1.9 All lavatories are vacant and secured. 8.1.10 Crew rest areas are vacant; crew rest doors are closed and locked. 8.1.11 All galleys are secured and all electrical switches OFF. 8.1.12 All drop down panels (B777) and galley curtains are secured opened. 8.1.13 All dog houses/floor stowage’s are secured. 8.1.14 Aisles, cross-aisles and exits are clear of hazards i.e passenger baggage and debris. 8.1.15 TV monitors and in-flight entertainment equipment are stowed. 8.1.16 Passengers comply with Portable Electronic Devices (PED) restrictions. 8.1.17 Cabin crew to report cabin secure checks to Purser/SFS. 8.1.18 Cabin crew to take designated crew seat (fasten seat belt and shoulder harness) 8.1.19 Purser to adjust the cabin lighting (When appropriate). 8.1.20 Purser to report cabin secure checks to Captain and to take designated Jumpseat. B777 A330/A340

- Use 6* on interphone. - Press “ CABIN READY” button on the FAP.


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When landing is imminent, 1. 2. 3. 4. 9.

Flight Crew will announce “Cabin Crew prepare for l anding”. Cabin crew to perform the 30 seconds mental review (A.L.E.R.T). Monitor passengers and aircraft during approach and landing. Remain seated until the aircraft turns off the runway after the l anding roll.

Cabin crew safety-related dut ies after landing Cauti on: Cabin cr ew must r emain seated (except to p erform a safety related duty) until the aircraft arrives on to the stand. 9.1 As the aircraft approaches the stand, the Flight Deck Crew will give the command: “Cabin Crew prepare doors f or arrival” . 9.2 Cabin crew to perform the door disarming procedure and physically cross check with the opposite door. 9.3 Purser to check the FAP to verify all doors are disarmed (if applicable). 9.4 The cabin crew to respond to the purser all attendant call and confirm in a horseshoe manner that doors are disarmed and cross checked. 9.5 Ensure passengers remain seated until "Fasten Seat Belt" sign is switched OFF 9.6 After Engines are shut down, BOTH pilots will cross check the “Doors Page” to ensure all doors are disarmed. The Captain will then turn OFF the Seat Belt sign. Cabin cr ew must f ollow the Standard Operating Procedure prior to opening cabin doors:

1. Fasten Seat Belt sign is switched OFF. 2. The Purser to make a PA “Clear to op en doors” after the seat belt sign has been switched off. 3. Ground personnel will knock on the door window. Cabin crew to acknowledge the knock on the door window from the ground staff. 4. Door operator must have a checker SFS/Purser present prior to opening the cabin door. Operator to verbally state “door is di sarmed”. 5. The door checker to verbally state “ clear to open door” . 10. Cabin crew safety-related dut ies duri ng and after disembarkation . 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5

Manage the flow of passengers. Ensure that passengers comply with "NO SMOKING" regulations. Disembarkation of disabled passengers. Perform cabin security checks (cabin, galleys, lavatories). Purser to ensure cabin defects log is signed by the Captain.


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Opening of cabin doors (Normal /AD hoc Operation) – All Ai rcr aft General No aircraft cabin door shall be opened, closed or left open without ground service equipment platform or passenger loading bridge in place. Opening o f Cabin doors by cabin cr ew Two cabin crew members must be present when opening cabin doors during normal operations. One shall be the ‘Door Operator’, the other will act as a ‘Door Checker’ who must be a Purser or SFS. 1.

The Door Operator must :

1. Not rush re-actively to open the door. 2. Visually check and ensure door status is in DISARMED mode. 3. Verbally state “DOOR DISARMED”, to be heard by the Checker. 4. Open the door after hearing the Checker’s “ clear to open door ” 1.

The Door Checker must: •

Visually check and ensure door status is in DISARMED mode,

•

Verbally confirm to operator “door DISARMED”.

• •

Advise Operator, “ Clear to open door” Will remain present close to the arming lever where door opening can be closely observed. Should the operator inadvertently reach for the arming lever, the Door Checker must verbally warn and/or physically intervene to prevent changing the mode to Armed.

Opening of cabin doors by Flight Crew Except in an emergency or in the absence of a cabin crew, Flight Crew are not authorized to operate the doors whilst on-board the aircraft or act as a ‘Door Checker’. Warning: Inadvertent deployment can be fatal Note: Pool Pursers and SFSs, when assigned to operate as Purser/SFS, are equally accountable as checkers.


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Opening and closin g of cabin doors by ground personnel

Opening and clos ing of cabin doors b y engineers It is permissible for engineers to operate a door if conducting maintenance work when the aircraft is operational and passengers are on board. Engineers must notify the operating crew (through the Purser or Flight Crew) at the start and completion of work. The engineer will retain responsibility for that door until it is handed back to the relevant crew member.

Opening and closing of cabin d oors by Catering Staff (DXB only) 1. Door opening – from the outside EK/Dnata and EK Catering Staff request access by knocking on the outside of the door. When cabin crew or engineering staff are not available or if there is no response within a reasonable time period (10-15 seconds) the following policy will apply: EK flight catering staff are authorized to open the aircraft doors from outside the aircraft. 2. Door closing – from the outside On completion of EK/Dnata and EK Catering Staff duties, if no cabin crew or engineers are present within the immediate area, then EK/Dnata and EK Catering staff are authorized to close the doors from outside the aircraft.

Ai rcr aft do or s – s no w/ic e co nd it io n When doors are open while snow is falling, Snow/Ice will build up in the door f rame; on the door hinge/locking mechanism and the door seal. If not removed, this build-up can damage the door when trying to close it and also cause the door hinge/lock to be frozen when attempting to re-open it. To avoid damaging doors on closing and reduce the possibility of freezing a door closed, Flight Crew should advise Cabin Crew to seek Engineering assistance in removing the Snow/Ice build-up from the door frame.


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Crew Baggage 1.

Allowance

1.1.

The personal baggage of crew members shall consist of one suitcase and one flight bag or briefcase. The maximum permitted checked in weight for an individual operating crew member shall be 23 kgs Dead heading crew members are subject to the normal passenger baggage allowance. Crewmembers may only carry their own baggage and the approved carry-on bag. The Captain must be informed when an additional piece of checked-in or hand baggage is carried by a crewmember. The Captain will subsequently advise Load Control. This must be done to keep the weights/pieces correct. The suitcase shall be loaded in the hold. The flight bag and/or briefcase cabin baggage shall be loaded in the approved stowage locations as the passengers (301 page 09).

1.2 . 1.3. 1.4.

1.5 .

2. Security 2.1.

At the Briefing Facility, crew baggage shall be left at the marked area outside the entrance. The baggage area outside the CBC is considered a safe area. However, this is not the case at other airports or outstation hotels, where baggage must be supervised at all times.

2.2.

The continuous supervision of individual baggage is the responsibility of every crew member. Baggage should be locked at all times and always be under the supervision of the owner or a member of the crew delegated to perform the task. This includes the time during which the baggage is being transported to the airport, up until it is handed over to the ground staff.

2.3.

When collective transportation is arranged, the Purser will delegate a crew member to co-ordinate with the ground personnel, in order to ensure that crew baggage is not left unattended at any time in an insecure area, including when checking in or out of the hotel. The intention of this precaution is to prevent interference with the baggage in any way.

2.4.

Crewmembers may not include sharp items such as Swiss army knives, Leatherman knives, razor blades, scissors, etc. In carry-on luggage. All such items are to be packed in the crew suitcase, which will be placed in the aircraft hold.

3.

Baggage Tags & check in

3.1.

When travelling as crew, Flight and Cabin Crew members must ensure that the approved Emirates crew tags are attached to their bags, and when travelling as normal passengers, that normal baggage tags are used. Emirates crew tags are obtainable only at Dubai not at outstations.


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3.2. 3.3.


Check in for the positioning crew is at the Emirates Business Class counters in the Departures Hall at Dubai International Airport. Upon arrival at Dubai briefing, crews are to place their locked suitcases in the racks provided.


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Cabin Ready Procedur e Taxi for Take-off The Purser will inform Flight Crew when the cabin has been secured and is ready for take-off, in the following manner: A330/A340 B777

- Press the “CABIN READY” button on the FAP. - Use 6* on interphone.

When the aircraft is approaching the runway for take-off, Flight Crew will make a PA, advising Cabin Crew to prepare for take-off. Turbulence (During Flight ) In case of turbulence, it is the responsibility of the Purser to liaise with Flight Crew whether the service can be continued or not and how long the turbulence is expected to last. In case of severe turbulence, Flight Crew will make a PA advising Cabin Crew to secure cabin and take their seats. Purser will ensure that cabin is secured and then will inform Flight Crew in the following manner: A330/A340 B777


In the case of severe turbulence the Purser must use their discretion with visits to the Flight Deck. It may be unsafe to do so. Landing The Purser will inform Flight Crew when the cabin has been secured and is ready for landing, in the following manner: A330/A340 B777


When the aircraft is approaching the runway for landing, Flight Crew will make a PA advising Cabin Crew to prepare for landing.


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Cabin c rew signal cl earances t o cock pit Doors cl osed (Ready for Taxi) This clearance must be given to the Captain when: - All Cabin luggage is securely stowed and the hat racks are securely closed. - All passengers are seated. - All cabin doors are closed. Cabin ready/cabin secured Prior to Take-off and Landi ng This signal/clearance must be given to the Captain when: - All galley equipment secured e.g. trolleys and carts. - All galley power switches are OFF. - All galley and cabin curtains are opened and secured. - All loose items are securely stowed. - All exits and escape paths are unobstructed - All passengers are seated with the seat belt fastened, including infants. - The CRC (where fitted) is secured and unoccupied. - Purser to advise Captain when all Cabin Crew are seated with their seat belt and shoulder harness fastened., In case of Severe Turb ulence Cabin secure signal must be given to the Captain via interphone or FAP when: - All galley equipment is secured e.g. trolleys and carts. - All cabins are secured e.g. passengers including infants are seated with seat belts fastened - All Cabin Crew are seated with the seat belt and shoulder harness fastened. In case of Moderate Turb ulence This clearance must be given to the Captain when he advised that the service may continue with due caution and when: - All passengers are seated with the seat belt fastened, including infants. - All unnecessary galley equipment, carts and trolleys are secured.


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Despatch of aircraft Despatch of aircraft with one or mor e required cabin crew seats inoperative or unusable

Conditions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Cabin Crew assigned to affected seat occupies a passenger seat as close to or closer that the nearest seated passenger to the associated exit. The passenger seat to be used by Cabin Crew must be properly placarded. Cabin Crew can reach the assigned exit and emergency equipment in nearly the same time as from the normally assigned seat. The passenger seat to be used by Cabin Crew must be located to provide a correct view of the cabin area for which the Cabin Crew is individually responsible. The passenger seat to be used by Cabin Crew must be specific to safety related duties. Defective Cabin Crew seat must be secured in the normally stowed position or removed.

Despatch of aircraft with one or mo re lavatory smoke detection system inoperative

Conditions As prescribed in the “Minimum Equipment List” MEL manual which is carried in the flight deck. Refer to the Captain for details.


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Thermal Curt ain Safety Pro cedures Thermal curtain will be fitted to aircraft departing Dubai in summer months while parked away from the concourse. The purpose is to keep the interior of the aircraft cool during passenger boarding. In the event of an unplanned ground evacuation, follow these procedures to discard the curtains: 1.

2. 3. 4.

Select either the left or right hand curtain. Grasp the top corner of the Velcro attached to the plastic material of the curtain and pull “SMARTLY” across and downwards. Throw the curtain away from the door area ensuring that it is also clear of the aircraft steps. Repeat step two for the other half of the curtain. Evacuate all passengers

Note: The aluminum frame of the curtain will remain in positio n during the evacuation. Pre-Flight Check Pre-flight check of the door supplied with thermal curtain is conducted by engineering. No further check is required by cabin crew.


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Cabin Crew Emergency Vests

High visibility yellow vests are provided and they are to be worn by Cabin Crew during all phases of planned emergency landing on land, for the purpose of Cabin Crew identification. Location

Refer to respective chart in the aircraft type section. Quantity

Refer to respective chart in the aircraft type section. Pre-fli ght Check

Check availability. Enter any discrepancy in the Cabin Defect Log Book. Note:

(1) (2)

This vest is no t a "NO-GO" item and should not delay the departure of the aircraft. In case of a planned emergency and any vests are missing, the Cabin Crew assigned to the doors should wear the vests first and the remaining vests would be worn by the "A" Cabin Crew.


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Potable water All Departures (DXB and Outstations) As part of the purser pre-flight check and at point of door closure, the aircraft potable water level is to be recorded in the KIS tablet or VR2 (if KIS tablet is non functional). All Arrivals (DXB and Outstations) As part of the purser post-flight check and prior to door opening, the aircraft potable water level is to be recorded in the KIS tablet or VR2 (if KIS tablet is non functional). For detailed procedure concerning potable water, please refer to CCM, section 200 Sub section 227.


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300 - General Safety

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