Q- 1 Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.
On meeting a person for the rst time, our rst question is often "What do you do?" That is, we ask what they do for a living, what their job is, beause we feel this will help us plae them! t helps us to dene their status! We an judge where they stand soially, we an make a guess at how muh they earn, and through that what kind of a standard of living they an a#ord! n addition, it an give us a fairly good idea of their eduational bakground! The problem problem is that people often often hoose a areer for for the wrong wrong reasons! reasons! $or $or instane, some people follow in the footsteps of a parent, either entering the same trade or profession, or inheriting the family business! Others make e%atly the opposite deision, either out of a ere desire for independene, or to spite a parent, or simply to get away from family! They deide that whatever else they might do, they will ertainly not do what their mother or father did! &eople may also persuade themselves to pursue a areer for whih they are unsuited out of hero'worship, or as a result of meeting people they admire! t is a pity that we have to make suh an important deision about our future areer at a stage in our lives when we are so easily in(uened by fators whih have little or nothing to do with the entral issue, namely, that we should do those things for whih we have a natural talent!
Which of the following is not given as an example of a wrong reason for choosing a career? 1 Doing the same job as one's parents. 2 Doing a job that suits your abilities. 3 Deliberately not joining the family business. !ollowing !ollowing the career path of someone you a"mire. a"mire.
Q- 2 Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.
&olitially, the )oman *mpire laid the foundations on whih modern *urope was built! +ulturally, partly through native genius and partly through absorbing the ahievements of the older and riher ulture of reee, its literature beame the basis of *uropean values, in partiular those values that arise out of the individual-s relationship to their soiety! )ome began to produe literature between .// and 0// 1+ at about the same time as it was onquering the rih reek olonies in the south of taly! )oman writers and orators began to e%pand their imaginative and intelletual hori2ons and rene the 3atin language through the study of reek literature! *arly )oman literature had been basially of two kinds4 the reording and e%amination of publi life and behavior through life stories of famous men, and the partiularly )oman art of satirial omedy and drama! There were those, however, who objeted to the reek in(uene, most notably +ato the +ensor, who did his best to uphold the virtues of no'nonsense 3atin prose against reek lu%ury! 5ore typial, and in the end more suessful, was the poet *nnius, who managed to keep a balane between reek and 3atin values by writing a 6omeri epi poem in 3atin idiom, but using reek poeti meter!
#ccor"ing to the text$ which of the following statements is true of ancient %oman %oman literature?
1 &t was mainly the biographies of famous men. 2 &t was "eeply inuence" by (ree) writing. 3 &t was mostly satirical. &t was subject to heavy censorship.
Q-3 Read the text and answer the question by selecting all the correct responses. More than one response is correct. 1efore 3uke 6oward invented his system for lassifying louds, they had simply been desribed by their shape and olor as eah person saw them4 they were too hangeable and moved too quikly for anyone to think they ould be lassied in any useful way! 6oward had been interested in louds ' and meteorology in general ' ever sine he was a small boy, and for thirty years kept a reord of his meteorologial observations! n 07/8'07/., he produed a paper in whih he named the louds, or, to be more preise, lassied them, laiming that it was possible to identify several simple ategories within the various and omple% loud forms! 9s was standard pratie for the lassiation of plant and animal speies, they were given 3atin names, whih meant that the system ould be understood throughout *urope! 6oward believed that all louds belonged to three distint groups: umulus, stratus and irrus! 6e added a fourth ategory, nimbus, to desribe a loud "in the at of ondensation into rain, hail or snow"! lt is by observing how louds hange olor and shape that weather an be predited, and as long as the rst three types of loud keep their normal shape there won-t be any rain! This system ame to be used aross the *uropean ontinent, and in the 8/m entury his loud lassiation system was adopted, with some additions, as the international standard, but that was not his only ontribution to meteorology! 6e wrote papers on barometers and theories of rain, and what is probably the rst te%tbook on weather! 6e an also be onsidered to be the father of what is now alled "urban limatology"! 6oward had reali2ed that ities ould signiantly alter meteorologial elements! One of these he alled "ity fog"! ;owadays we all it "smog", a ombination of smoke and fog!
Which of the following achievements can be attribute" to *u)e +owar"? 1 +e wrote a boo) about barometers. 2 +e was the ,rst to notice the "i-erent shapes an" colors of clou"s. 3 +e was the ,rst to i"entify an" classify "i-erent clou" forms. +is classi,cation system became use" all over the worl". +e was the ,rst to use the wor" /smog/. 0 +e realie" that cities coul" have an e-ect on the weather. Q- Read the text and answer the question by selecting all the correct responses. More than one response is correct.
When does a hobby or pastime, or whatever you want to all what you do in your leisure time for rest and rela%ation, ease to be a hobby or a pastime and beome something a bit more serious, suh as something you reali2e an be turned into nanial gain, or an obsession that an mess up your life as muh as any other addition? The whole point of them, of ourse, is that they are done out of personal interest and for pleasure and enjoyment, not for nanial gain! 5ost people-s hobbies turn out to be easy and stress'free pastimes suh as olleting things, making things, sports, playing a musial instrument, reading, and so on! 9nd ' so it is laimed ' they are good for you, too! &ursuing a hobby an have alming and helpful beneial e#ets! $or a start, it an take your mind o# your problems, and the more interests you have, the more you enjoy life! One way in whih the subjet beomes a little bit serious is when you are applying for a job and writing out your urriulum vitae, or resume! There-s invariably a setion whih asks what your outside interests are, and beause getting a job is a serious business, and you want to impress your prospetive employers, you might nd yourself laiming that you like nothing better at weekends than being (own by heliopter to the top of the 9lps and then making your way home by snowboard and hang'glider! &erhaps people nd themselves doing this beause they feel that applying for a job
and orning aross well at interview is a test of harater and being an aionado of e%treme sports is a lot ooler than stamp olleting! 1ut why turn what is supposed to be alming and rela%ing into a ause for an%iety? Which of the following statements are true about hobbies an" pastimes$ accor"ing to the text? 1 hey are often use" as therapy. 2 hey are not pursue" for economic pro,t. 3 our leisure time activities reveal your true character. 4any people "o extreme sports because it's cool. 4ost people's hobbies are simple an" un"eman"ing. Q- ! "he paragraphs ha#e been placed in a random order. Restore the original order.
$orrect %umbled paragraphs paragraph order &1-'
( 1y 070<, trousers were shoe'length! &opular with the king, they beame aepted as standard daywear by 078=, and were worn with a waistoat and, by day, a frok oat, but with a tailoat in the evening! ) >akets didn-t beome fashionable for asual wear until the 07=/s! The jaket was derived from the short jaket worn by boys and working men, and in the age of mass'prodution and ready'made suits, its simple style was easier to produe than the tailored oat! $ t was eorge "1eau" 1rummell, the hampion of simple *nglish style, who started a trend for wearing tight blak trousers in the early 07//s!
* The favorite patterns for trousers were strong plaids, stripes and heks! The loose straight ut ame in about the 07/s, and front reases in the 077/s! 1y the turn of the entury, they had beome the ommon way to dress!
Q- + "he paragraphs ha#e been placed in a random order. Restore the original order. $orrect %umbled paragraphs paragraph order &1- !'
( 1etween 5ay and 9ugust 0<7., two volani eruptions had ourred, one in eland and one in >apan! The northern hemisphere had been overed in a "great fog"! ) 9 year earlier, a volano had erupted in ndonesia, sending up vast quantities of ne volani dust into the atmosphere! +irling the *arth, the dust re(eted sunlight bak into spae! $ This, of ourse, was an e%traordinary event! n fat, it is onsidered one of the most atastrophi global events in reorded history! 1ut something like it had happened before, and within living memory! * The *arth literally darkened, temperatures dropped! Throughout Western *urope and ;orth 9meria rops failed, and attle died! 9 large portion of the world lay under a huge volani loud!
, n the spring of 070, the weather suddenly hanged! The unseasonably warm spring turned old and people were fored indoors by ontinual rain! The skies darkened and there was no summer!
Q- "he paragraphs ha#e been placed in a random order. Restore the original order. $orrect paragraph order &1-!' 9 Only four years later did football beome an o@ial ompetition at the ames! 9t this stage it was, of ourse, for amateurs only! 1 ronially, the rst tournament was won by an amateur team from the northeast of *ngland, who had been espeially invited after the 1ritish $ootball 9ssoiation refused to be assoiated with the ompetition! + The rst international football math was played in 07<8 between *ngland and Aotland, when football was rarely played anywhere outside reat 1ritain! B 9s an alternative, Air Thomas 3ipton deided to organi2e an event for professionals! Often desribed as The $irst World +up, it took plae in Turin in 0C/C and featured the most prestigious professional lubs from taly, ermany and Awit2erland!
* 6owever, as football inreased in popularity, it was admitted to the Olympis"-- in 0C// and 0C/D, but only as a sideshow and not in the ompetition for medals!
Q- /n the text below some words are missing. $hoose the correct word to 0ll each blan rom the box below. "here are more words than you need to complete the exercise.
Eou may think that the World +up, like the Olympi ames"-, only ours one every four years! t is the F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! rounds that take F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! every four years, but the ompetition as a whole is an ongoing F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! , sine the qualifying rounds take plae over the preeding three years! The nal phase of the tournament now involves thirty'two teams ompeting over a four' week FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! in a previously nominated FAG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! nation! t has beome the most widely'viewed sporting event in the world!
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Q- /n the text below some words are missing. $hoose the correct word to 0ll each blan rom the box below. "here are more words than you need to complete the exercise.
deas as well as people an take F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! stage at the right time and the right plae! f new ideas are to have a wide'ranging F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!, they had better our at the right time ' usually when old theories are worn out or have reahed a dead F.G!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Then they make people think along new lines and in ways that may FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! in une%peted diretions! These ideas needn-t be new in themselves! They an be older, half'forgotten ideas brought bak to life, or new ombinations of F=G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ones presented in a new light!
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Q- 14 /n the text below some words are missing. $hoose the correct word to 0ll each blan rom the box below. "here are more words than you need to complete the exercise.
5ost of us believe that when we are making deisions about money we are being lear'headed and sensible, and assume that any rational person would F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! in the same way and make the same deisions! 1ut our F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! are always based on the private logi of our own F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! mind'set, our deep beliefs about money and what it-s for, and no two people are the same! *ven when two people ome to the same FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! , they have probably used quite di#erent logial paths!
answer
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economical
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Q- 11 /n the text below some words are missing. $hoose the correct word to 0ll each blan rom the box below. "here are more words than you need to complete the exercise.
There are, have been F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! , some languages that don-t have a word for rubbish, garbage, or whatever you all it! $or their speakers, nothing is useless or goes to F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ' just as our anestors used to hoard, path up, reuse and hand things F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! to the ne%t generation rather than throw them FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! These days, however, rubbish and how to F=G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! of it has beome a major problem4 we are running out of plaes to put it!
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Q- 12 /n the text below some words are missing. $hoose the correct word to 0ll each blan rom the box below. "here are more words than you need to complete the exercise.
9 "duel of honor" was a way of settling disputes between gentlemen over some injury or insult! The F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! had to be arranged privately beause dueling was never F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! , but it beame ommon in the 0<-h entury! 9 soial ode governed the duel of honor and, as long as the rules were F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! to, the survivor ould usually esape without being punished by the law! Buels were fought with either pistols or swords, but pistols beame the more usual FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! after swords went out of fashion at the end of the 07-h entury!
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Q- 13 )elow is a text with blans. 5elect the appropriate answer choice or each blan.
The human body is designed to F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! physially rather than mentally to stressful situations! This instintive reation to a situation is F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! as the "ght or (ight" response! The body is prepared to either stand and deal with the problem by ghting it, or to esape to safety! *ven if the problem or threat is emotional and not physial, the body behaves in the same way4 the heart beats faster, the musles tense, and the skin sweats more! f someone nds themselves in a situation where there is no F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! to esape or overome the FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! of the threat, then stress and an%iety will our! Aome of the rst signs that the pressure is getting to you are loss of onentration, inability to sleep, loss of temper for minor reasons, headahes, ahing limbs and a general feeling of uneasiness! These F=G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! an lead on to more serious problems, suh as high blood pressure whih inreases the risk of a heart attak! Atress weakens the body-s defense system, so you are more likely
to get minor ailments like olds! t an also lead to baldness! 5entally, it beomes harder and harder to perform your normal day'to'day ativities, and an lead to a nervous breakdown! )eogni2ing all this is the rst step FG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! getting bak to health and being able to ope with the auses of stress!
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Q- 1 )elow is a text with blans. 5elect the appropriate answer choice or each blan.
5ost of the rubbish we produe ' about two'thirds of it ' goes into landlls! ;ow, it is FG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! that the average HI household produes about one and a half tons of rubbish a year! These gures may not sound alarming, but the HI is geographially small and it all adds up, and there aren-t many plaes F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! where we an dig huge holes and ll them with our rubbish, whih is why ever'inreasing amounts of waste from western ountries are being e%ported to the developing world! $urthermore, F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! *uropean reyling laws and higher landll ta%es mean that the days of dumping waste into landll sites are almost at an end! 3andll is heap but wasteful and, as we have seen, unsustainable in the long run, whereas burning or inineration is
e%pensive and wasteful! 1esides, loal ommunities don-t want huge inineration plants in their bak yards! )eyling is onsidered by many to be the best solution, but it isn-t nearly as good as most people think! The reyling proess degrades most materials, so that they an only be used in limited ways! 9lso, many of the produts we buy that are FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! as reylable an only be reyled with great di@ulty and at great F=G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! &erhaps the best idea is to have reusable pakaging, suh as returnable bottles and rellable pakets!
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Q- 1! )elow is a text with blans. 5elect the appropriate answer choice or each blan.
We all have our own ideas about what onstitutes anti'soial behavior, some of us being more tolerant than others, but the F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! denition allows for a fairly broad interpretation! To quote the +rime and Bisorder 9t of 0CC7, it is behavior whih "auses or is likely to ause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more people who are not in the same household as the perpetrator"! Auh behavior F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! writing gra@ti, whih an make even the leanest
urban spae look squalid, making e%essive noise, espeially at night, and throwing litter onto the streets! Auh behavior, however, a#ets everyone in the ommunity, and requires the ommunity to work together to nd ways of dealing with it! >ust as the problems are many and varied, the solution too must work e#etively on many levels! 9nti'soial behavior is not onned to any partiular F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! group, and it a#ets the quality of life of young and old FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! This in turn means that it needs an ative partnership between all of the various soial groups that make up soiety! 5ore than an e@ient polie fore is required! Ahools, for e%ample, need to have e#etive rules to deal with truany and bullying! 3andlords should take F=G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! for anti'soial behavior by or against their tenants! The same also goes for loal authorities and soial servies when taking deisions that a#et the ommunity! $urthermore, they need to share information as openly as possible!
1 real
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2 concerns
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Q- 1+ )elow is a text with blans. 5elect the appropriate answer choice or each blan.
s altruism, the state of ating unselshly on behalf of others, a partiularly human trait, or is it a behavior other speies pratie too? What-s more to the point, is it in fat a trait we have at all, or an
all our ations be nally attributed to self'interest, however sel(ess they might at rst F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ? $or e%ample, if you rush into your neighbour-s burning house and save him and his family, this is naturally seen as a good and noble deed, but some would argue that it wasn-t a natural human instint that F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! you to put your life at F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! , but that your true motive was that you would e%pet your neighbor to do the same for you under FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! irumstanes! Other speies do o'operate and work together for the mutual benet of the group, mainly in terms of hunting for food and defene and is for the olletive good! 1ut altruism proper suggests that little or no advantage attahes to the altruisti at ' you might even lose your life in the proess! +ynis will say that at bottom all our ations are F=G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! in some way or another, while those who take a rosier view believe that altruism, and goodness, are a part of human nature! 9ristotle himself was a bit of an optimist in this matter, believing that all people were basially good, but that this quality ould only be brought out within soiety and that, therefore, we are, in the original sense of the word, politial animals!
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Q- 1 )elow is a text with blans. 5elect the appropriate answer choice or each blan.
n the past people traveled, if they had to, for partiular and pratial reasons, for e%ample, to trade in other ountries, to nd better land to F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! , to get away from an unpleasant politial regime or situation, or to go on a pilgrimage! 1ut at what point did travel beome tourism? +ertainly, pilgrimages had a sort of holiday air about them, as any reader of +hauer-s +anterbury Tales will know! 9nd people on pilgrimages to other ountries did touristy things like bringing bak F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! "Travel," however, as Akeat-s etymologial ditionary points out, was the same word as "travail," meaning e#ort or labor, beause of "the toil of traveling in olden times!" Over time, the pilgrimage beame the rand Tour whih was fashionable in the l0h entury and after! This was a F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! around *urope made by the sons of the wealthy with the supposed purpose of FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! them in the great ultures of tl0e past, the arhiteture and works of art, espeially in taly! Ao it ould be said that the rand Tour had F=G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! of the pilgrimage about it! t is therefore possible, at a pinh, to date the origins of tourism to the medieval pilgrimage! 1ut the word itself was only o@ially used for the rst time in 0C. <, and referred to people travelling abroad for periods of over twenty'four hours!
1 grow
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2 postcar"s 3 trip
travel
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visas
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voyage
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involving
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aspects
attitu"es
similarities
Q- 1 )elow is a text with blans. 5elect the appropriate answer choice or each blan.
The words "garden" and "paradise" are related by more than just having similar denitions! 1oth mean a piee of ground, often enlosed or walled, where fruit, (owers, herbs or vegetables an be grown! The word paradise has its root in the anient &ersian pairi'dae2a, meaning "a plae walled in, a park, a pleasure ground"! $ormal gardens have a long F0G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! , from the gardens of the pharaohs in *gypt to today-s neat suburban gardens and urban allotments and rooftop gardens! They are plaes of refuge, where one an go for solitude, peae and quiet, for thought! ;ature, whih in its wild F8G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! is unpreditable and dangerous, is tamed and domestiated and made to serve man! Trade and military onquest arried the ultural development of H0e *gyptian garden to &ersia, where emperors built private pleasure gardens full of shade and water, large enlosed game reserves and terraed parks F.G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! with trees and shrubs! n *gypt, to begin with, gardens in private homes and villas were mostly used for growing vegetables and loated lose to a anal or the river, later, however, they were often surrounded by walls and their purpose inorporated pleasure and beauty besides utility! This, of ourse, was for the rih! The poor, meanwhile, kept a path for growing vegetables, rather like today-s allotments! 1ut entral &ersia is largely hot and dry and it is water that makes suh gardens possible! Therefore they ame up with a brilliantly FDG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! system of aqueduts whih brought melted snow down to the entral plains from the mountains in the north'east for irrigation! n fat, water beame the essene of the &ersian garden! 9 rih variety of speies thrived while thin hannels delivered water throughout the garden, feeding fountains and pools and F=G !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! the atmosphere!
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Q- 14 8 0 is inorret beause the writer says4 The problem is that people often hoose a areer for the wrong reasons! $or instane, some people follow in tile footsteps of a parents, !!! ! . is inorret beause the writer says4 !!! some people follow in the footsteps of a parent, !!! inheriting the family business! Others make e%atly the opposite deision, !!! ! D is inorret beause the writer says4 &eople may also persuade themselves to pursue a areer for whih they are unsuited !!! as a result of meeting people they admire! 8 is orret beause this is given as the right reason for hoosing a areer as the writer says4 !!! we should do those things for whih we have a natural talent! Q-24 8 is inorret beause although life stories of famous men are mentioned, the te%t does not say that anient )oman literature was mainly omposed of them! . is inorret beause although satire is mentioned, the te%t does not say that anient )oman literature was mainly omposed of it! D is inorret beause there is no mention of )oman literature being ensored! 8 is orret beause the writer says4 +ulturally, partly through native genius and partly through absorbing the ahievements of the older and riher ulture of reee, its literature beame the basis of *uropean values, ! ! ! !
M67"/87,-$9O/$,: $9OO5, M67"/87, (;5=,R5 Q- 34 ., D, 0 is inorret beause he wrote papers on barometers! 8 is inorret beause the writer says4 1efore 3uke 6oward invented his system for lassifying louds, they had simply been desribed by their shape and olor as eah person saw them !!!! = is inorret beause 6oward used the term "ity fog", not "smog"! . is orret beause the writer says4 1efore 3uke 6oward invented his system for lassifying louds, they had simply been desribed by their shape and olor as eah person saw them ! ! ! ! D is orret beause the writer says4 !!! in the 8/-JK entury his loud lassiation system was adopted! with some additions! as the international standard !!! ! is orret beause the writer says4 6oward had reali2ed that ities ould signiantly alter meteorologial elements!
Q- 4 8, = 0 is inorret beause the writer does not mention the use of hobbies as therapy! . is inorret beause the writer disusses how people might use hobbies to reate a partiular impression, not that they reveal your true harater! D is inorret beause the writer is not talking about people who do e%treme sports, but about people who laim to do e%treme sports! 8 is orret beause the writer says4 When does a hobby !!! ease to be a hobby or a pastime and beome something a bit more serious, suh as something you reali2e an be turned into nanial gain ! !! ! = is orret beause the writer says4 5ost people-s hobbies tum out to be easy and stress'free pastimes !!! !
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>/77 /; "9, )7(;?5 Q- 0 nal FWe need an adjetive! The nal rounds of a ompetition are those that happen towards the end of the ompetition!G 8 plae FTake plae is a phrase whih means "happen, our"!G . event FWe need a noun to refer to the World +up!G D period FThe te%t is talking about the time over whih the ompetition happens!G = host FThe host nation is the ountry where an international sporting event is taking plae!G
Q- enter Ff something takes enter stage, it is the fous of people-s attention!G 8 e#et FWe need a noun to refer to the result of new ideas!G . end Ff something reahes a dead end, it an-t progress or develop any further!G D lead FWe need a verb! f something leads you in an une%peted diretion, it produes an une%peted result!G = familiar FWe need an adjetive to ontrast older ideas with new ombinations of ideas!G
Q- 14 0 behave FWe need a verb! 1ehave olloates with in the same way!G 8 hoies FWe need a noun to refer to the deisions about money we make!G . nanial FWe need an adjetive to speify the kind of mind'set Fset of opinionsG whih is being disussed!G D onlusion F+ome to a onlusion is an idiom!G
Q- 11 told FWe need a verb! Eou are told things by other people!G 8 waste Fo to waste is an idiom!G . down F6and down is a phrasal verb whih means "give something to your hildren, to the ne%t generation"!G D away FThrow away is a phrasal verb whih means "dispose of, get rid of"!G = dispose FBispose olloates with of!G I*E 9;B *L&39;9TO; 0= Q- 12 0ght F9 duel was a kind of ght!G 8 legal FWe need an adjetive to refer to the fat that it was not lawful to ght duels!G . kept Ff you keep to rules, you obey them!G D weapon FWe need a noun to refer to swords and pistols!G R,(*/;< (;* =R/"/;<@ >/77 /; "9, )7(;?5
Q- 13 0 respond F)espond olloates with to later in the sentene!G 8 known FInown olloates with as!G . hane Ff there is no hane to esape, it isn-t possible to esape!G D ause F9 ause is something that makes something else happen! n this ase, it refers to whatever makes us feel threatened!G = symptoms FThis refers to the outward signs of a disease!G towards FThe rst step towards doing something is the start of a proess!G Q- 1 0 estimated Ft is estimated that means that people alulate or guess the amount of something!G 8 left F3eft means "remaining, still in e%istene"!G . striter F3aws an be strit!G D labelled FWhen a produt has information on it that tells you it is reylable, it is labelled as reylable!G = ost F9t great ost is an idiom!G
Q- 1! 0 legal FThe ne%t sentene goes on to refer to a legal onte%t where anti'soial behavior is dened!G 8 inludes Fra@ti is given as one e%ample of what onstitutes antisoial behavior!G . age F9n age group is a set of people who are all the same age!G D alike Ff something a#ets young and old alike, it a#ets both groups in the same way!G = responsibility FTake responsibility for is a olloation!G
Q-1+ 0 appear Ff our ations appear to be sel(ess, that-s what they seem to be like!G 8 aused Ff something auses you to do something, it makes you do it, or fores you to do it!G . risk F9t risk is a olloation!G D similar FHnder similar irumstanes means "in the same situation"!G = selsh FWe need an adjetive to ontrast with altruisti in the previous sentene!G Q- 1 0 ultivate FWe ultivate the land when we grow things on it!G 8 souvenirs FWe need a noun to desribe in general what people on pilgrimages brought home from their trips!G . trip FThis is a synonym for tour in the phrase rand Tour!G D eduating Ff you eduate someone in something, you teah them about it!G = something FThe meaning here is that the rand Tour was like a pilgrimage in some ways! 6ave something of the L about it is a phrase meaning "resemble L in some ways"!G Q-1 0 history Ff something has a long history, it has e%isted for a long time!G 8 state FAtate here means "ondition"!G . planted F>f an area has had trees plaed in it, it has been planted with them!G D
engineered Ff something is brilliantly engineered, it is built in a very lever way!G = ooling FThe water that ame along the thin hannels redued the temperature!G
