227164016-Shell-Safety-in-Drilling-Manual.pdf

Shell International Exploration & Produc tion B.V. B.V.

Drilling

EP 95-0210

HSE MA!A"

#e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995 +h ,,, ,,, 

ontent%

EP HSE Manual Amendment Record Sheet Section Number /

EP 95-,'

Section Title/ Title/

Drilling

Rev

Chapter Nos.

Description to amendment

A ll

)r iginal hard cop1 and D-#)M i%%ue

Amended by

dd0011

No. 

Date

EP 95-,' 95-,' #e$i%ion #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

'('95

EP)('

ii

ontent%

4.(.5 Incident reporting........................45

Contents

4.(.( Incident 3ollo-up........................4(



4.; Audit......... Audit................ .............. .............. .............. ......... ............4;

'.' )*+ecti$e%.. )*+ecti$e%......... .............. .................... ............. ..............'

4.7 #e$ie....... #e$ie.............. .............. ........... .... .................. ...49

'., Bac2ground... Bac2ground.......... .............. .............. .............. ............ ..... .....'

( Preparation

" #vervie$

%

:.' Site Preparation% Preparation% - "and................ ...::

,.' Scope o3 the Docu0ent......................4

:.'.' "ocation%.....................................::

,., #elation%hip Beteen the hapter%....4

:.'., #oad $ehicle% and 0o*ile plant..:5

 !ntroduction

((

:.'.4 a0p %ite%..................................:(

% Drillin& Drillin& HSE Mana&eme Mana&ement nt System System ' 4.' "eader%hip and o00it0ent..............5

:., Preparation Preparation )33%hore....................... .:7 :.,.' "ocation preparation o33%hore.....:7

4., Polic1 and Strategic Strategic )*+ecti$e%...... )*+ecti$e%...... ....( ... .(

:.,., Structural integrit1 o3 +ac2-up%.....:7

4.4 )rgani%ation6 #e%pon%i*ilitie%6 #e%ource%6 Standard% and Docu0ent%... Docu0ent%.......... .............. .............. .............. ....... ........7

:.,.4 Precontract a%%e%%0ent a%%e%%0ent o3 %e0i%u*0er%i*le% and drill %hip%. %hip%. .5

4.4.' )rgani%ational %tructure and re%pon%i*ilitie%.........................7

:.4 Material% Material% Procure0ent... Procure0ent......................5, ...................5,

4.4., Manage0ent repre%entati$e8%...'

:.4.' Ha
4.4.4 #e%ource%...................................'

:.4., In%pection....................................5,

4.4.: o0petence................................''

:.4.4 Stac2ing and %torage..................5,

4.4.5 ontractor%..................................'5

:.: >ran%portation o3 Material% and E?uip0ent.... E?uip0ent........... .............. .............. .............. ......... .....5,

4.4.( o00unication...........................'7 4.4.; Docu0entation and it% control.....'9

4.: Ha
:.,.: >ender a%%i%ted operation%..........5'

:.:.' #oad tran%port............................. tran%port............................. 5, :.:., Sea tran%port...............................54 :.:.4 Air tran%port.................................54

4.5 Planning and Procedure% Procedure%........ ........ .........,, ...... ...,,

:.:.: #ig 0o$ing on land.....................54

4.5.' =eneral.......................................,,

:.:.5 #ig 0o$ing o33%hore....................5:

4.5., A%%et integrit1..............................,:

' E)uipment

4.5.4 Procedure% and or2 in%truction% ............. ................... ............ ...........................,: .....................,:

5.' Maintenance Maintenance....... ....................... ................ ..............5(

4.5.: Manage0ent o3 change..............,; 4.5.5 ontingenc1 and e0ergenc1 planning.................................,7

4.( I0ple0entation and Monitoring.........4' 4.(.' Acti$itie% and ta%2%......................4' 4.(., Monitoring...................................4' 4.(.4 #ecord%.......................................45 4.(.: on-co0pliance and correcti$e action....................................45


'*

5., Ha
5.4 Per%onal Protecti$e E?uip0ent.........5; 5.: Drilling E?uip0ent.............................57 5.:.' Draor2% %a3et1........................57

i

HSE Manual EP 95-,' Drilling

5.:., Pul%ation da0pener%..................57

(.'., >a2ing >a2ing tu*ular% on %ite.................(9

5.:.4 #elie3 $al$e%...............................59 $al$e%...............................59

(.'.4 >ran%3erring >ran%3erring tu*ular% to the rig 3 loor ............. ................... ............ ...........................; .....................;

5.5 Derric2% Derric2% and Ma%t%...................... Ma%t%...................... .....59 5.5.' Erection e?uip0ent.....................59

(.'.: #igging up and running ca%ing....;'

5.5., Derric2 and 0a%t in%pection........59

(.'.5 Ma2ing up or la1ing don tu*ular%6 e.g. drill collar%......................;,

5.5.4 Derric2 loading............................59

(.'.( Ele$ator% and %lip%......................;,

5.5.: oundation%................................59

(.'.; Drill 3loor operation%....................;4

5.5.5 Ma%t%....................................... ....59 5.5.( =u1 line%.....................................(

(., Handling o3 he0ical% and =a% 1linder%. 1linder%....... ............. .............. ........... .... ...............;5

5.5.; E%cape line and %lide..................(

(.,.' Handling o3 har03ul che0ical%....;5

5.5.7 ron protection.........................(

(.,., Storing and handling o3 ga% c1linder%................................;(

5.5.9 Deadline anchoreight anchoreight indicator ( 5.5.' Sta**ing *oard..........................('

5.( "i3ting E?uip0ent.......... E?uip0ent......................... ............... .....(' 5.(.' =eneral.......................................(' 5.(., In%pection - general.................. general.................. ...(,

(.4 rane )peration%............................. .;; (.4.' Sa3e operating principle%............;; (.4., (.4., Hea$1 li3t%........... li3t%...................................;; ........................;;

(.: Pre%%ure Pre%%ure >e%ting....... e%ting.................. ........... .............;7 (.:.' =eneral.......................................;7

5.(.4 In%pection o3 ire rope %ling%6 hoo2%6 %hac2le% %hac2le% and inche% (,

(.5 H1drogen Sulphide 8H,S.................;7

5.(.: Ele$ator%.....................................(4

(.5.' =eneral.......................................;7

5.(.5 ron ron *loc2 *loc2 and tra$elling *loc2 (:

(.5., Planning 3or H,S.........................;9

5.(.( ire rope%...................................(:

(.5.4 E?uip0ent...................................;9

5.(.; atline% and cathead%.............. cathead%.............. ...(5

(.5.: Monitoring...................................7

5.(.7 Man riding inche%.....................(5

(.5.5 Alar0 %1%te0% 8H,S detection...7'

5.; Bloout Pre$enter% 8B)P................(5

(.5.( Per%onal Per%onal protecti$e e?uip0ent. e?uip0ent. . .7,

5.;.' #eco00endation% %peci3ic %peci3ic to %u*%ea B)P%........................((

(.5.; Additional %a3et1 e?uip0ent........7,

5.;., Shear ra0%..................................(( 5.;.4 H1draulic *olt ten%ioning e?uip0en e?uip0ent..... t.............................(( ........................((

(.5.7 ell control.................................74 (.5.9 Per%onnel training.......................74 (.5.' H,S drill%...................................7: (.5.'' Per%onnel..................................7:

5.;.: Store 2eeping and %pare part control.. control......... .................................(( ..........................((

(.( )ccupational )ccupational Health and Sa3et1...... .75

5.;.5 B)P control %1%te0....................(;

(.(.' Hou%e2eeping.............................75

5.7 Steel Ho%e% 8hi2%an 8hi2%an and o3lexip. o3lexip. (;

(.(., oi%e control...............................75

5.7.' Standardi%ation o3 HP union%......(;

(.(.4 ontractor%C occupational occupational health. 75

5.7., #e%triction% on u%e......................(;

(.; Per0it-to-or2............................. ......7( ..... .7(

*+

(.7 En$iron0ental Ha
(.' >u*ular% Handling.............................(9

(.7.' oi%e...........................................7;

(.'.' erti3ication and te%ting..............(9

(.7., En$iron0ental auditing...............77

* #perations

ii

EP +',-"- Revision - * #ctober #ctober ++'

ontent%

(.7.4 a%te 0anage0ent....................77

 Associated Activities

/+

;.' Electric Electric ireline )peration%........ )peration%........ .... .79 ;.'.' #e%pon%i*ilitie%...........................79 ;.'., #igging up...................................79 ;.'.4 "ogging operation%.................... operation%.................... ..9 ;.'.: Pre%%ure control..........................9 ;.'.5 Storage and or2ing ith explo%i$e%... explo%i$e%.............................9 ..........................9  ;.'.( Sa3et1 procedure% procedure% in u%e o3 explo%i$e%... explo%i$e%.............................9 ..........................9' ' ;.'.; #adio tran%0i%%ion%....................9, ;.'.7 S1%te0% i0per$iou% to %tra1 electrical current%..................94 ;.'.9 >u*ing on$e1ed Per3orating 8>P %1%te0%......................9: %1%te0%......................9: ;.'.' Storage and u%e o3 radioacti$e %ource%..................................95

;.;.4 #e%pon%i*ilitie%.........................'9

;.7 Helicopter Helicopter )peration%................... ..'' ..'' ;.7.' >raining.................................... ..'' ..''

APPEND!0 ! Policies

"

APPEND!0 !! Responsibilities o1 2ey Sta11 ( APPEND!0 !!! 3and Ri& Move Plan

"-

APPEND!0 !4 Classi1ication o1 Ha5ardous Areas "" APPEND!0 4 #peration o1 Diesel En&ines in Ha5ardous Areas "* Abbreviations

%-

6lossary

%"

Re1erences

%(

!nde7

%/

;.'.'' i%hing.......................................9(

;., ell >e%ting....................................... 9; ;.,.' =eneral.......................................9; ;.,., racturing....................................97 ;.,.4 Acidi%ing......................................99 ;.,.: r1ogenic operation%..................99

;.4 oiled >u*ing >u*ing )peration%........... ....'' ;.: oncurrent )peration%....................', ;.:.' =eneral.....................................', ;.:., Procedure%................................'4 ;.:.4 Super$i%ion...............................': ;.:.: Speci3ic re?uire0ent%...............': ;.:.5 ireline acti$itie% 8%lic2line and electric logging...................'(

;.5 ireline )peration% 8Slic2line........'; ;.( Di$ing#)V )peration%...................'; ;.(.' Special precaution%...................'; ;.(., #e%triction%...............................'7

;.; Stand*1 Ve%%el%.............................'7 Ve%%el%.............................'7 ;.;.' =eneral re?uire0ent%...............'7 ;.;., Dutie%........................................'9


iii

' Introduction



!NTR#D8CT!#N

.

#b9ectives

This document is a development of EP 55000-34 'Safety in Drilling' revised in uly !""! #hich it no# supersedes$ %t is aimed at &oth ompany and contractor staff involved in drilling operations$ %t is intended to( •

•

identify health) safety and environmental ha*ards in the drilling operation and provides guidance on ho# ris+s can &e reduced provide provide guidance guidance on drilling drilling ,SE related issues issues

•

descri&e ho# to develop the essential core of a ,SE anagement System .,SE . ,SE S/ S/ appropriate to drilling operations

•

ena&le an assessment to &e made of a contractor's approach to ,SE #hich #ill assist in the contractor selection process and facilitate &etter control of ,SE in the drilling operation$

."

:ac;&round

ctivities on drilling sites and rigs present potential ma1or ha*ards to health) safety and the environment$ This is e2acer&ated &y the diversity of the personnel involved resulting from the use of contractors and su&contractors and the international nature of the &usiness$ Despite our &est endeavours accidents still occur) people are in1ured) the environment may &e damaged and ompany ompany assets put at ris+$ The &asic cause of accidents can &e freuently identified as a lac+ of effective planning or a failure to train personnel to achieve competence$ The recognition of all the potential ha*ards of a drilling operation during the planning stage is essential so that they can &e eliminated or at least controlled$ Similarly) attention shall &e paid to the programme for training personnel to a standard #hich ena&les them to perform compe competently tently the reuirem reuirements ents of their their 1o& function function and duties$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

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EP +',-"- Revision - * #ctober ++'

, )$er$ie

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#4ER4!E<

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Scope o1 the Document

This document addresses ,SE aspects of the &usiness process activity 'Drilling and ell perations' as defined in the Shell E2ploration and Production 6usiness odel) the EP6 EP6 .7ef$ .7ef$ !/$ The ,SE anagement System .,SE S/ for a drilling operation has effectively the same components as the overall system for the pco #hich are descri&ed in EP "5-0!00 and other referenced parts part s of 8olume 8olume !$ This section descri&es many of the reuirements of an ,SE S as they relate to a drilling operation$ The remaining chapters provide guidance on drilling ,SE related issues that might &e encountered and may &e useful in the development of ha*ard registers associated #ith an ,SE ase$ %t is not the o&1ective of this document to provide comprehensive guidance on the development of an ,SE ase$$  great deal of guidance is provided) ho#ever) on the management of ha*ards$ uch of this advice ase is a distillation of e2perience gained &y many +no#ledgea&le staff over a long period$

"."

Relationship :et$een the Chapters

The follo#ing chapters of this document are sho#n in 9igure :$! indicating their hierarchy$

=i&ure ".

#elation%hip *eteen the chapter%

DR!33!N6 HSE S>STEM MANA6EMENT Chapter %

Preparation

E)uipment

#perations

Associated Activities

Chapter (

Chapter '

Chapter *

Chapter .

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%


Preparation This chapter provides guidance on ,SE reuirements associated #ith site preparation) materials procurement) procurement) transportation to site) and movin moving g the rig$

E)uipment ,a*ardous *one policies are detailed) and the &ac+ground to personal protective euipment reuirements$  good deal of information is provided on hard#are$ Drilling euipment is primarily under the control of the contractor &ut the ompany Supervisor shall &e a#are of the ,SE related matters in order to verify that proper control is &eing e2ercised$

#perations This chapter covers the ,SE aspects of e2ecuting the drilling operation$

Associated activities The operation of drilling a #ell entails the use of other services such as #ireline logging and #ell testing services$ This chapter gives guidance on the ha*ards associated #ith such operations and on the responsi&ilities of the drilling department #hen such activities are ta+ing place$

(


4 Drilling HSE Manage0ent Manage0ent S1%te0

%

DR!33!N6 HSE MANA6EMENT S>STEM

The te2t dra#s in part on #or+ carried out in pcos and single string ventures and conseuently reflects the vie#s of a #ide variety of staff in a num&er of areas$ %t also incorporates #or+ &y the Safety anagement System team in S%EP) #ith the intent that it is compati&le) in a drilling engineering specific #ay) #ay) #ith guidance documentation provided in EP "5-03!0$ "5-03!0 $ %n essence) an ,SE anagement System is a reflection of the o&1ectives of an enterprise and the manner in #hich these o&1ectives are to &e met as laid do#n &y its senior management$ chievement of the ha*ard management o&1ectives #ill &e realised through the setting up of an organisation in #hich responsi&ility is assigned and to #hich resources are provided$ The standards and procedures through #hich the o&1ectives #ill &e met are defined &y those #ith the necessary e2pertise$ The implementation of standards is monitored through performance indicators and assured through periodic audits$ Such audits are revie#ed &y managem management ent #ho #ho may initiate initiate system system changes changes to facilitate facilitate improveme improvement$ nt$ The system system is additionally additionally made live through loops #hich feed&ac+ improvements and corrections at all stages$ The system incorporates the eleven elements of enhanced safety management .ES/ and increases their effectiveness through the structured improvement process$ The uality management structure and the ES relationship is illustrated in 9igure 3$!$

=i&ure %.

HSE Manage0ent S1%te0 and ESM relation%hip HSE Mana&ement System

ESM Principles

4isible senior mana&ement commitment Sound HSE policy

3ine responsibility 1or HSE Competent HSE Advisers Hi&h? $ell understood HSE standards E11ective HSE trainin&

Leadership and Commitment %olicy and !trategic Obectives

Organisation Responsibilities Resources !tandards & "oc#

'a(ards and )ffects $anagement

Realistic HSE tar&ets and ob9ectives

E11ective motivation and communication Techni)ues 1or measurin& HSE per1ormance Thorou&h incident investi&ation and 1ollo$ up

Audit o1 HSE standards and practices

%lanning & %rocedures

Implementation

Audit

Review

Corrective Action

$onitoring

Corrective Action & Improvement Corrective Action & Improvement

%n this chapter it is intended to provide guidance on ho# Drilling Engineering Departments should structure their ,SE S in a #ay #hich is fully compati&le #ith ;roup guidance$ Drilling Engineers #ill then &e in a &etter position to assess the completeness and compati&ility of a contractor's ,SE S and also the rig ,S ,SE E as  asee #hich defines the controls that assure safety in a drilling operations pro1ect$

%.

3eadership and Co Commitment

The foundation of an ,SE S is leadership and commitment from the top management of the ompany) and its readiness to provide adeuate resources for ,SE matters$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

'


Particular attention is dra#n to the importance of senior management providing a visi&le e2pression of commitment$ 9ailure to do so #ill undermine the credi&ility of ,SE policy and o&1ectives$ Demonstrations of commitment to the ,SE S at different management levels include) amongst others( •

allocating the necessary resources) such as time and money) on ,SE matters

•

setting a personal e2ample in day-to-day #or+

•

putting ,SE matters high high on the the agenda agenda of meetin meetings) gs) from the the 6oard do#n#ards do#n#ards

•

&eing &eing actively invo involved lved in ,SE activities and and revie#s) revie#s) at &oth local and remote remote sites

•

communicating the importance of ,SE considerations in &usiness decisions

•

recognition of performance #hen o&1ectives and targets are achieved

•

encouragement of employees' suggestions for measures to improve ,SE performance

•

participation in internally driven driven and e2ternally e2ternally drive driven n initiatives$ initiatives$

anagement leadership is also necessary to promote a ompany culture conducive to good ,SE performance) performance) in #hich #hich the the ,SE S can function effectiv effectively ely$$ Senior managem management ent can foster foster active involvement of employees and contractors in improving ,SE performance &y encouraging a culture of belief ) motivation) participation and commitment( •

•

*elief in in the ompany's #ill to improve its ,SE performance - essential in particular to open) &lamefree incident reporting) and in general to effective ,SE S implementation$ $otivation to improve personal ,SE performance - &ased on a#areness and understanding) and positive positive recognitio recognition n to reinforce reinforce desira&le desira&le attitudes and &ehavio &ehaviours$ urs$

•

%articipation of staff at all levels - through see+ing their vie#s and involvement in ,SE S development) and energetically pursuing suggestions for improvement$

•

Commitment of staff at all levels is essential if the ,SE S is to &e fully effective) and should follo# from firm &elief) personal motivation and active participation$

%."

Policy and St Strate&ic #b #b9ectives

This chapter gives guidance on the content of a ,ealth) Safety and Environmental .,SE/ policy and the o&1ectives such a policy is intent upon fulfilling$ ithin pcos) departmental policies are derived from the corporate document) #hich is itself invaria&ly &ased on ;roup guidelines) though adapted to ta+e account of specific area needs$ onseuently) a good deal of commonality is seen &et#een them$
are of prime importance to the contractor #ho #ill see+ to maintain the highest practically achieva&le standards in respect of these

•

have eual status #ith the other primary &usiness o&1ectives

•

are line management responsi&ilities #hich form an integral part of the duties of all supervisors$

*



The policy shall also confirm that the contractor #ill ensure that employees have the reuired s+ills and support to meet this commitment) &y providing) #here necessary) appropriate training and opportunities to gain competence$ %t shall also state that( •

the contractor promotes active participation of all in its employ in the esta&lishment and o&servance of measures to safeguard their health and safety at #or+ and to protect the environment

•

it e2pects its su&contractors to #or+ to similar high standards and achieve compara&le performance$

To assure the a&ove) it is necessary to perform an ,SE assessment at the precontract stage$ This may ta+e the form of a uestionnaire in the tender document) &ut #ill increasingly ta+e the form of revie#ing the contractor's ,SE ase for the installation or operation$ This and other aspects of ,SE in the management of contractors is fully descri&ed in EP "5-0!00 ,SE "5-0!00 ,SE anagement Systems and EP "5-0!!0 anagement of ontractor ,SE$ The o&1ectives #hich underpin the health) safety and environmental protection policy can typically &e summarised as follo#s( •

to prevent all #or+place in1uries) &y encouraging active #or+force participation in all aspects of safety including participation in the ha*ard management process

•

to provide a safe and healthy #or+place

•

to eliminate environmentally damaging discharges and emissions through the implementation and monitoring of an effective #aste management programme

•

to comply #ith all statutory o&ligations) through the fulfilment of management responsi&ilities

•

to provide properly engineered and #ell maintained facilities

•

to #or+ #ith e2ternal agencies such as certifying authorities to promote improvements

•

to ensure all employees are competent to fulfil their duties

•

to prevent use of alcohol or a&use of su&stances on location

•

to prevent vehicle accidents$

%ncreasingly) companies and contractors are developing su&stance a&use policies$  model ompany policy statement) statement) ta+en from ;roup guidelin guidelines es on the the su&1ect) is sho#n sho#n in 9igure 9igure %$:$ %ndustry guideli guidelines nes are descri&ed in 'Su&stance &use anagement Strategies' .7ef$ :/$

HSE sensitive positions ithin the policy on su&stance a&use) reference is made to safety and environmentally sensitive positions #hich in the conte2t of #ell operations include( •

all ompany and contractor line managers and office &ased supervisors #ith operational responsi&ility

•

field &ased staff including ompany) contractors' and su&contractors' employees$

The success of a su&stance a&use policy depends on the commitment and leadership of management$ 9or the purpose of the policy) management is treated in the same manner as those employees holding safety and environmentally sensitive positions$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995




%.% %.%

#r&ani #r&a nisa sati tio on? Resp Respon onsi sibi bili liti ties es?? Res Resourc ources es?? Stan Standa dard rds s and and Documents

The responsi&ility for all #ell operations aspects of e2ploration) appraisal and development drilling) and #or+over operations) lies #ith the Drilling Engineering group #hich also sponsors and manages all drilling and most associated contracts$ The responsi&ility for health) safety and the environment in the #ell operations process is vested in the ,ead of Drilling Engineering$ %n practical terms) elements of this responsi&ility are delegated through the line$ perations) in this sense) cover the complete process from planning) through e2ecution) to revie# and improvement$ Thus) for instance) the #riter of the drilling programme is responsi&le for the accuracy and completeness of that programme in the same #ay as a Driller is responsi&le for the safe e2ecution of drill floor operations$ ell drilling operations consist of the follo#ing main activities in most pcos( %lan well operations

Drilling Engineering staff need to &e involved in the earliest phases of planning$ planning$ The contri&ution contri&ution made to feasi&ility studies and evaluating evaluating development options can lead to significant cost and ,SE &enefits$ ther areas of planning include( •

the preparation of the short term drilling seuence on the &asis of the e2ploration) appraisal) development or #or+over portfolio

•

acuiring the necessary services

•

planning planning for the transport of euipm euipment ent and personne personnel$ l$

%repare for well operations

Prepare a #ell design and detailed drilling programme or #or+over programme programme covering covering contin contingen gencies cies and emerge emergency ncy procedures procedures and o&tain reuired internal and e2ternal approvals$ rder all necessary materials and complete site preparation$

)+ecute well operations

Secure ad1acent #ells and facilities as reuired$ ove in) rig up) drill and complete or #or+over #ells according to programme) rig do#n and move or demo&ilise as appropriate$

Report and analyse

Prepare an end of #ell report #hich #ill ena&le an in-depth analysis of the operation$ part from &eing an important record) the report #ill facilitate cost and ,SE improvements in later #ells$

%.%. %.%. 

#r&a #r &ani nisa sati tion onal al stru struct ctur ure e and and resp respon onsi sibi bili liti ties es

The ompany shall define) document and communicate) #ith the aid of organisational diagrams #here appropriate) the responsi&ilities) authorities) accounta&ilities and interrelations necessary to implement the ,SE S$ These shall include those of all personnel #ho manage) supervise and=or monitor ,SE-critical activities$ 7efer to EP "5-0!00 ,SE anagement Systems) hapter 3 for further advice on organisational structure$ ;uidance on individual responsi&ilities for +ey staff) &oth ompany and drilling contractor) is given in ppendi2 %%$ %%$ ny inconsistency &et#een ompany and contractor ,SE S shall &e resolved prior to comme commencem ncement ent of operations$ operations$ The conduct of operations in a manner #hich ta+es full account of the health and safety of personnel) protection protection of the environm environment ent and local local culture and circumstances circumstances is the the responsi&ility responsi&ility of all all involve involved) d)

/



#ith each layer of supervision &eing responsi&le for their su&ordinates in accordance #ith the principle of line responsi&ility responsi&ili ty$$

Contractor responsibilities The main contractor is responsi&le for( •

implementing a management system directed at providing a safe #or+site

•

implementing an on-site ,SE programme

•

providing providing for for the safety of contractor and su&contractor su&contractor personnel personnel

•

controlling #or+ and health conditions at the rig site

•

training contractor personnel to ensure safe operations

•

providing providing contractor contractor personnel personnel #ith necessary protective protective and and safety euipm euipment ent and appropriate training in the use of such euipment

•

ensuring that all contractor and su&contractor furnished machinery and euipment is fit for purpose and properly maintained

•

developing on-site emergency contingency plans for ma1or scenarios such as &lo#out fire=e2plosion) to2ic material release) man-over&oard) sta&ility control) heavy #eather) etc

•

liaising #ith the ompany in the development of plans for emergencies #hich reuire the intervention of outside resources

•

complying #ith all applica&le la#s and regulations

•

complying #ith ompany ,SE guidelines) policies) procedures$

Company responsibilities responsibilities The ompany is responsi&le for( •

verifying that contractors' ,SE policies) standards) and procedures are accepta&le to the ompany and conform #ith applica&le la#s and regulations

•

verifying that contractor's ,SE programme is accomplishing the desired ,SE o&1ectives

•

reporting any ha*ards to appropriate app ropriate contractor supervisors #hen situations e2ist #here safety has &een compromis compromised ed and follo# follo#ing ing up to ensure ensure that appropriate action has &een &een ta+en to correct the situation

•

reuiring the ompany's su&contractor's personnel to o&serve the rig contractor's ,SE programme and co-ordinating activities &et#een rig contractor and ompany su&contractor personnel to avoid conflicts

•

identifying responsi&ility for third party euipment maintenance and opera&ility and ensuring that such responsi&ilities are discharged

•

emergency contingency plans reuiring co-ordination of third party groups$ Such plans #ill include responses to oil spills) rig evacuation) etc

•

monitoring contractor and ompany personnel ,SE performance and assisting in the implementation of improvement initiatives$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

+


Role o1 HSE department %n areas #here operations are supported &y an ,SE department) responsi&ilities assumed should include the follo#ing(

Operational HSE •

dvise on the development and testing of contingency plans and drills

•

dvise on governmental ,SE regulatory reuirements and liaise #ith governmental agencies as reuired to ensure that regulations are #or+a&le

•

ssist in the investigation and analysis of accidents and incidents) and in the preparation of reports$ 7esponsi&ility for this) ho#ever) remains #ith the line supervisor

•

Disseminate information) data and e2periences related to ,SE in operations

•

Participate in formal ,SE audits and inspections

•

Develop standards and specifications for safety and protective euipment

•

dvise on ha*ards associated #ith chemicals and other materials produced) or li+ely to &e used in the operations) and advise on e2posure limits

•

dvise on ,SE clauses) and their implementation) in drilling related contracts

•

dvise on noise limits and other areas of occupational health

•

•

7evie# ris+ analysis and ha*ard assessment of drilling and #ell test programmes$

•

dvise on and assist in the development of standards and practices that #ill protect the environment

•

HSE training •

ssist in the identification of ,SE training needs

•

Develop and conduct specialist ,SE training as reuired

•

ssist in on-the-1o& ,SE training programmes

•

Provide ,SE a#areness material) and training aids

•

ontri&ute to ,SE meetings

•

rrange defensive driving training

•

aintain a record of ,SE related courses attended &y drilling staff and notify refresher reuirements$ %n some areas this responsi&ility is retained &y the line department$

%.%."

Mana&ement re representative@s

See EP "5-0!00 ,SE "5-0!00 ,SE anagement Systems$

%.%.%

Resources

The changing roles of &oth ompany and contractor staff #ith the advent of integrated engineering and incentive contracting strategies need to &e addressed in the planning stages of operations$ The decision ma+ing process shall &e agreed prior to start-up and &oth the num&ers and cali&re of contractors' staff

-



shall &e commensurate #ith the demands and o&1ectives of the 1o&$ ,SE audits and operations revie#s have freuently found that the demands on the contractor's Toolpusher have &een underestimated$ 7esponsi&ilities should &e agreed and matched &y levels of authority$ Staff should not &e held responsi&le for areas #here they do not e2ercise control$ %n this respect) 1o& descriptions for supervisory staff ena&les &oth num&ers and competencies to &e defined in the contract rather than &eing modified on an ad-hoc &asis after commencement$  clear 1o& description #ill also assist in facilitating a smooth transition #ith respect to the changing role of the ompany Drilling Supervisor$

%.%.(

Competence

6eneral ll staff shall &e competent to discharge the responsi&ilities of their 1o&s or &e in the process of gaining such competence in a supervised manner$ or+ roles that are +ey to the ,SE management of the operation shall only &e performed &y those persons #ho can discharge their responsi&ilities safely and effectively$ The contractor's 6ase anager is responsi&le for ensuring that all ,SE critical activities are covered &y standards of competence and an assessment scheme to assure continuing competence is in place$ ,e shall fulfil this reuirement in accordance #ith corporately defined standards$ The contractor's 7ig Superintendent is responsi&le for ensuring that all personnel on the rig .other than those undergoing training #ho #ill &e under direct supervision/ are competent to carry out tas+s #ithout ris+ to the health and safety of themselves and others$ The contractor's capa&ility to provide competent staff is assessed during the preualification appraisal stage of the contract process and &y continuous assessment throughout the course of the contract$ ompany management is responsi&le for the provision of personnel #ho are competent to perform their defined roles and #ill monitor continuing competence through the formal annual performance appraisal revie#$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995




,ualifications

ontracts should define the ualifications of staff holding +ey ,SE and operational responsi&ilities$ here such responsi&ilities include the control of significant ha*ards) the ualifications shall include a tested practical element .e$g$ for a Driller) the possession of a #ell control certificate #hich includes a successful simulator e2ercise endorsement) for a 6arge Engineer s+ills in &allasting a nd rig sta&ility/$ %ncreasingly) the demands of senior r ig supervisory 1o&s reuire s+ills not formerly reuired of contractor's staff$ ontracts should e2plicitly state the scope of senior 1o& positions and verify that incum&ents are ualified to hold them$

Trainin& Safety training should &e &ased on competence reuirements) and ta+e into account development plans$ The effectiveness of training training #ill #ill need to &e assessed through o&servation and drills$ The ompany Drilling Supervisor on contractor rigs has an important role to play in verifying that contractors fulfil their o&ligations in the a&ove$ Some specific reuirements are suggested &elo#$ •

The contractor's 7ig Superintendent and the ompany Drilling Supervisor have underta+en technical and managerial training in accordance #ith local legislation and contractual reuirements$ ll supervisory personnel have undergone a programme of training and assessment in dealing #ith emergency situations) supplemented &y a programme of drills and e2ercises on the installation

•

ll persons involved in permi in permit-to-#or t-to-#or+ + procedures procedures are trained) satisfactorily e2amin e2amined ed and authorised authorised for the specific #or+site$

•

o& specific safety training shall &e provided for all personnel in safety critical roles

•

Everyone #or+ing at the site shall have attended an induction &riefing covering +ey ,SE procedures and) #here necessary) survival training

•

Specialist emergency response training shall &e carried out for all personnel #ith specific duties .e$g$ fire team training) , :S trainin tr aining) g) etc/$ This su&1ect is further discussed in >$5$") also in EP "5-0:>0
Speci1ic trainin& re)uirements  system shall &e set up &y each ompany to verify that any person proceeding to the rig possesses the necessary certification as dictated &y local circumstances$ utline guidance is given &elo#$ Offshore survival

Persons #or+ing offshore shall have a valid offshore survival course certificate in accordance #ith ompany regulations$ The nature of the course #ill depend upon the area of operation &ut classroom instruction should include( •

methods of escape from a rig

•

use of life&oats

•

use of life1ac+ets and survival suits

• •

&oarding helicopters helicopters escape from a helicopter

There should additionally &e practical training in life&oat handling) life raft

"



deployment) and under#ater escape from helicopters$ !pecialist training

Persons #ho have a specific responsi&ility .e$g$ fire team) helidec+ cre#/ shall have a valid certificate of completion of the appropriate course$ %n addition to the rig medic) there should &e at least one other trained firstaider on shift at all times$ These personnel should &e involved in regular drills) under the supervision of the medic) to maintain the necessary competence$ Training should also &e given to staff #ho on occasion have to assume responsi&ilities normally underta+en &y others$ Particular attention should &e paid to areas normally normally covered covered &y service service contractors #hose #hose euipme euipment nt and materials may arrive &efore the personnel$ n e2ample here is the competence reuirements to assure the proper storage of e2plosives and radioactive sources$

%ressure control

ertain +ey personnel on the drilling unit shall hold a valid certificate of e2amination from a recognised pressure control course$ These personnel are( •

ompany Drilling Supervisor

•

ell Site Sit e Drilling Dri lling Engineer

•

ontractor's 7ig Superintendent

•

Toolpushers

•

Drillers

•

ssistant Drillers

•

Su&sea Engineers

The e2am shall have &een passed at supervisor level &y all e2cept the Drillers and ssistant Drillers$ here su&sea #ellheads are &eing used the a&ove listed personnel shall have a su&sea endorsement$ here drilling contracts stipulate the reuirement for volumetric stripping euipment) supervisory staff of &oth the ompany and drilling contractor shall &e trained in the techniue$ 'igh pressure-high temperature temperature operations

hen ,P=,T operations are &eing planned it is recommended that +ey ompany and contractor personnel attend a course specifically relating to #ell pressure control reuirements for drilling these #ells$

'ydrogen sulphide

hen the possi&le occurrence of hydrogen sulphide is identified a specific ,:S tra training ining programm programmee shall &e underta+e underta+en$ n$ See >$5$" for details$ details$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%


!nduction trainin& )mployee induction induction programme

Every contractor shall have an induction programme for ne# rig employees$ This programme shall &e carried out regardless of prior e2perience to ensure a#areness of current standards and practices$ %n addition to emphasising the responsi&ilities employees have for their o#n safety) they shall &e instructed on #or+ procedures) safe practices) the station &ill and any emergency responsi&ility associated #ith their position on the station &ill) and the use of personal protective euipment$ ;uidelines should &e in place for +ey contractor personnel to o&serve the ne# employee's #or+ performance until they are satisfied that the employee can fill the position in a safe and effective manner$ The induction programme shall also provide service contractor personnel and ompany visitors information and instruction commensurate #ith their duties and length of stay$

.isitors and new crew members induction /offshore0

?e#ly arriving visitors visitors and cre# mem& mem&ers ers shall &e met met &y a responsi&le person design designated ated &y the the % #ho shall shall update the P6 list) list) assign muster points and allocate life&oat stations$ The % or his appointee shall then perform a general safety &riefing$ This &riefing shall cover essential safety and survival features of the drilling unit plus general safety practices) rules and procedures$ %t #ill at least cover the follo#ing( •

alarm signals and ho# to respond

•

life&oat stations and location of survival euipment

•

escape routes and signs

•

information a&out the main ha*ards .e$g$ fire=e2plosions) falling into sea) gas=oil under pressure) dangerous dangerous #or+ areas) , :S presence) etc/

•

issue and use of , :S escape mas+ .#here appropriate/

•

use of &reathing apparatus

•

use of cascade system

•

smo+ing regulations

•

drugs=alcohol=#eapons policy

•

restrictions on photography .i$e$ permit needed/

• • •

• •

(

protective protective clothing clothing reuirem reuirements ents safe handling of chemicals personal safety a#areness a#areness and reuirem reuirement ent to report report any ha*ards o&served supervisors' responsi&ilities for their area's personnel permit-to-#or+ permit-to-#or+ system

•

reuirement for visitors to &e accompanied and guided

•

reuirement to report &efore leaving) so that P6 list can &e updated$



9or those personnel unfamiliar #ith the drilling unit or its operations) and #ho #ill &e staying on&oard to #or+ or #ho #ill &e staying on&oard overnight) a &rief trip around the installation should &e arranged$ The trip should cover( •

life&oats) life rafts and survival euipment

•

restricted areas

•

escape routes

•

emergency telephones

•

rig office

•

radio office

•

sic+ &ay

•

alarm systems and procedures$

n induction &oo+let is useful &oth for detailing the a&ove information and for reference$ .isitors and new crew members induction /onshore0

ppropriate parts of the a&ove reuirements relating to offshore operations also apply to land operations$ f particular concern here is mustering procedures) procedures) #hich are complicated complicated &y the the ease of of access to land rigs and and the distri&ution of staff &et#een rig and camp$ There should &e no free access to rig sites$  reporting procedure should &e in place #hich trac+s the movement of personnel$  'T-card' system to aid trac+ing and facilitate the rapid identification of missing personnel is a good method of achieving accurate mustering$ mustering$

)+perience

Previous relevant e2perience is an important factor in accepting the nomination of contractor's personnel for +ey positions$ The reuired level of e2perience #ill vary #ith the seniority of the position and shall &e determined prior to contract$ ny su&seuent su&stitution of personnel &y the contractor shall &e su&1ected to the same criteria$

%.%.'

Contractors

Contractor selection re)uirements Prior to inviting tenders) it is essential to esta&lish or update the reuirements for the services needed to carry out the #or+ programme$ ll offshore rigs have an operating envelope #hich determines the limits of operation$ This operating envelope ta+es into account #ater depths) environmental conditions and operating loads$ %t is therefore important to determine these parameters prior to inviting rig tenders$ The importance of preliminary #ell planning to determine drilling unit specifications cannot &e overstressed if the appropriate rig reuirements are to &e stated in the tender documents$ The application of the ,a*ards and Effects anagement Process during the planning stage is important to help identify such reuirements$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

'


,ealth and environmental issues should also &e addressed here) for instance( •

the reuirements for 'no negative impact' discharge

•

the limiting of noise to &elo# levels +no#n to cause hearing loss

•

the provision of mud storage) mi2ing and treatment systems that minimise the e2posure of staff to safety and health ha*ards

•

the provision of adeuate recreational facilities) etc

%t is important to ensure that the rigs &eing &id en1oy staff continuity$ This #ill ensure that operations do not start at the &ottom of the learning curve$ here a 'moth&alled' rig is &eing contracted) contractor supervisory staff assigned to it should at least have previous e2perience on a similar unit$ here possi&le a straightfor#ard 'sha+e do#n' #ell should &e programmed for a ne#ly contracted rig prior to it engaging engaging in more more technically technically difficu difficult lt and challeng challenging ing #or+ #or+ such as high pressure=high pressure=high temperature drilling$ greement should &e sought from Tender 6oards to ena&le proven good performance to &e a selection criteria$ 7eference should &e made to EP "5-0!!0 anagement "5-0!!0 anagement of ontractor ,SE$

Revie$ o1 contractorBs HSE MSHSE Case During the contractor selection process) #hen a short list has &een made) it #ill &e appropriate to underta+e a revie# of the contractor's ,SE anagement System and) #here applica&le) ,SE ase for the drilling unit$ The contractor's ,SE S should contain in detail( •

contractor's management management system as it applies to safety

•

a &rea+do#n of all safety critical ac tivities tivities

•

a list of all the documents and standards relevant to the ,SE S

•

a remedial action plan #hich #ill address any deficiencies found in the process of documenting the ,SE S$ S$

Since the ,SE S is a 'living' document the last element a&ove is particularly su&1ect to change$ The ,SE ase for the drilling unit shall contain( •

information a&out the operation of the unit and restrictions should safety systems &e inhi&ited or incapacitated

•

a description of all the identified ha*ards) their analysis) and the means &y #hich they are to &e controlled

•

details of the ,SE anagement System as it applies to the unit

•

details of the remedial action plan for rectifying deficiencies identified in the preparation of the ,SE ase and ase and any su&seuent revie#s

•

a statement that the rig is safe to operate as the ha*ards have &een evaluated and measures have &een ta+en to reduce the ris+s to a level #here effective control can &e demonstrated$

*



Performance monitoring) audit programmes and ,SE ase revie#s are all vehicles &y #hich ,SE ase deficiencies may &e identified$ here such deficiencies are assessed &y management as necessitating remedial action) the strategy descri&ed in 3$@ should &e follo#ed$

Reportin& relationships  com&ined organogram #hich integrates the individual ompany and contractor organograms is a clear #ay to depict the reporting relationships &et#een the various parties$ nce esta&lished) it is important not to circumvent the agreed reporting route other than in a previously documented manner such as) perhaps) the Emergency Procedures$ This can often prove difficult in practice due) for for instance) to drilling drilling contractors &eing &eing una&le to get get telecomm telecommunicatio unications ns licences licences from the host government$ Proper planning may not overcome such difficulties) &ut it #ill allo# the procedures and organograms to reflect the realities of the situation rather than &eing in conflict #ith practice$

Subcontractor HSE ll service and su&contracting companies and their staff are reuired to #or+ to similar consistent high ,SE standards) and achieve compara&le levels of ,SE performance as the drilling contractor$ They #ill &e assessed accordingly accordingly$$ onitoring onitoring of su&contractor's su&contractor's ,SE performance is continuous continuous and integral integral #ith the monitoring of the drilling contractor's o#n performance$ Service and su&contractor employees #ho #or+ at the site are e2posed to ris+) &oth as a conseuence of the potential ha*ards of the site and from specific #or+ activity performed$ They should &e advised of significant location ha*ards identified in the ris+ assessment or ha*ard register) ho# these are controlled or mitigated) and the emergency procedures and muster arrangements$ ll ne# employees shall attend a ,SE induction course prior to commencement of #or+$ ontractor should specify training) competence and e2perience reuirements for each specified position) together #ith the responsi&ility of the contractor for fulfilling and maintaining such reuirements$ ontract holders are responsi&le for these specifications and for verifying that the contractor meets this o&ligation$
EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995




The ompany shall ma+e clear to all their service contractors that they endorse the drilling contractor's authority on ,SE matters and shall uphold disciplinary measures ta+en for ,SE transgressions$ %n integrated engineering contracts #here the drilling contractor is not the lead contractor) the most senior person on on site shall &e ultimately ultimately responsi&le responsi&le for on-site on-site ,SE) in line line #ith the the principle principle descri&ed descri&ed a&ove$ a&ove$ %f this person does not have a drilling operations &ac+ground) particular care #ill need to &e ta+en to ensure that he is euipped to handle all facets of his responsi&ility) and that the line structure on site is such that he is properly supported$ Detailed guidance on contractor ,SE is given in EP "5-0!!0 anagement "5-0!!0 anagement of ontractor ,SE$

%.%.*

Communication

Daily on-site co-ordination meetings are an effective forum for eliminating un#anted simultaneous operations and minimising disruption to operations$ ccess to information is particularly vital to staff #ith a planning function) the corollary of this &eing that they should &e a&le to influence decisions &eing made$ The advent of integrated engineering services should improve information flo#) &ut care needs to &e ta+en that contractors #ho are not part of the integrated engineering services pac+age are included in this flo#$ %t is vital that staff at the rig site and in &ase offices have a common understanding of ongoing operations and that the uality of information is not compromised through any filtering process$ To this end daily reporting should &e a 1oint effort #ith &oth ompany and contractor line supervisors &eing present at &oth ends #hen operational .including ,SE/ information is &eing communicated and decisions &eing made$ t meetings &et#een contractor and ompany management) ,SE issues should al#ays &e on the agenda$ The rig ,SE committee should meet .prefera&ly #ee+ly/ and &e attended &y the contractor's 7ig anager #ho #ill provide a communications lin+ &et#een site meetings and management meetings$ ,SE meetings are held to( •

stimulate a t#o-#ay communication &et#een staff and personnel #hich is relevant and constructive

•

monitor and promote ,SE consciousness

•

report upon unsafe conditions or practices and their correction

•

generate suggestions on ho# to improve ,SE performance at all levels$

7egularly scheduled ,SE meetings are reuired$ These meetings and any specially convened meetings should &e led &y appropriate line supervisors$ They should ideally &e conducted in the language of personnel personnel in attendance) attendance) though though necessity necessity might might dictate dictate the involv involveme ement nt of an interpreter interpreter$$ ,SE meetings should have a structured form #ith the provision of ,SE themes and suita&le support material$ They should &e action oriented) relevant and should encourage participation$  &ase supervisor should &e a regular attendee and report &et#een ,SE meetings held in the field and at the &ase office$ They should include a revie# of any recent incident and ,SE procedures implemented to prevent its recurrence$ Every individual shall attend a ,SE meeting at least once per cre# cycle$ 7ig site #ee+ly meetings should not &e protracted to the point #here attendees lose interest$ re#s should &e given the opportunity to provide input to the agenda$ Each meeting should &e documented) and the minutes should include a listing of those in attendance) topics covered and any ,SE concerns raised$ inutes should &e copied to the ompany Drilling Supervisor and posted on notice &oards in relevant languages$

/



f critical importance is the resolution of recommended actions$ E2planations should &e promptly given should recommendations &e considered inappropriate or unnecessary$ greed recommendations shall &e follo#ed-up) #ith actions &eing monitored) closed-out and assessed for fulfilling the desired aim$ Pre-1o&) or 'tool&o2' meetings) are particularly effective and recommended for the purpose of discussing ,SE concerns specific to a particular 1o&$ Such meetings should &e attended &y all those involved) including service contractors$ 7efer to the document ';uidelines for Single String 8enture Drilling perations' .7ef$ 3/ for a typical ,SE meeting structure$

%.%.

Documentation and its control

Scope o1 standards Standards lie at the heart of an ,SE anagement System and can &e divided into four groups( $anagement standards

Set the frame#or+ in #hich the ompany operates and deals #ith corporate policies) o&1ectives) accounta&ilities and controls$

)ngineering e1uipment and material standards

Set the standards &y #hich euipment and materials are procured and &y #hich the control of change is effectively managed$

2orking standards

Set do#n the #ay in #hich day to day #or+ is carried out) monitored and inspected$ They include #or+ procedures and particularly those #hich relate to ,SE critical activities$

Competence standards

Descri&e the competencies needed in a variety of ompany and contractor #or+ roles and ho# competency is assessed$

Standards are set to( •

secure technical integrity

•

define uality and performance reuirements

•

standardise materials) euipment and documentation

•

define #or+ing procedures

•

transfer +no#ledge$

Standards provide a means &y #hich performance can &e measured and evaluated) and ena&le corrective action to &e identified and e2ecuted$ So far as possi&le) internationally recognised e2ternal standards should &e used) as this is the &est #ay of achieving consistency through the ;roup and throughout the industry$

!mplementin& !mplementin& standards The management process includes( •

The auditing of contractor rigs) contractor management and) #here appropriate) the rig ,SE ase) ase) to ensure these conform #ith ompany standards and operational safety o&1ectives$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

+


•

Preparing the drilling programme and associated documentation) #hich shall contain information such as( A environm environmental ental factors for &oth rig rig and location location A #ell #ell data and o&1ectives o&1ectives A #ell #ell design design including including casing programme programme design design criteria criteria .for instance instance , :S/) +ic+ tolerance) drilling fluids) #ell evaluation reuirements) #ell steering reuirements .#ell path) targets and potential ha*ards/) euipment reuirements) 6P reuirements) reference documentation and standards) #ell testing reuirements and completion) suspension or a&andonment reuirements

•

agreeing #ith contractor's 7ig anagers a ,SE Plan and the monitoring of performance against this

•

revie#ing incidents #ith 7ig anagers and agreeing and implementing preventive measures

•

defining authority levels

•

defining and implementing audita&le change control procedures

•

progressing progressing #aste managem management ent programmes programmes

•

promoting promoting #or+forc #or+forcee involvem involvement ent in ,SE$

ll parties involved in the #ell operations process e2ercise their responsi&ilities and attain their safety o&1ectives &y managing the activities descri&ed in the drilling contract$ They #ill invaria&ly have their o#n ,SE anagement Systems) #hich #ill &e documented either in a Safety Policy and Procedures anual) or increasingly) in their rig specific ,SE ase$ Provided these systems meet the ompany's reuirement for uality and completeness) it is recommended that they &e follo#ed$ The contractor's understanding) commitment and compliance #ith their o#n system #ill &e stronger than one imposed upon them$ 9urther) the contractor's +no#ledge and e2perience should &e utilised during #ell planning planning and programm programming ing stages$ ontract documents shall include the necessary o&ligations relating to health) safety and protection of the environment$

Control o1 standards The ,ead of Drilling Engineering is responsi&le for the specification) maintenance and monitoring of appropriate standards and for specifying their scope and application$ ny planned deviation from ;roup standards shall &e approved at ;roup level and documented$ 7eference should &e made in this chapter to the standards and reference material to #hich the Drilling Engineering department conducts its &usiness$ ppropriate) controlled documents should &e availa&le on all rigs and in the &ase offices of ompany and contractors$ ompany standards should &e revie#ed and updated in line #ith changing technology and practices$ mendments shall &e approved &y the ,ead of Drilling Engineering$

HSE Case control? documentation and revision The contractor's 6ase anager) as the designated 'sset #ner' of the drilling installation is responsi&le for maintaining the currency of the ,SE ase and for ensuring that any changes that may &e proposed are confirmed at the appropriate level and are developed in con1unction #ith the #or+force$

"-



ny change occurring to either the organisation descri&ed and its responsi&ilities) the management controls or the installation hard#are) #ill &e evaluated to assess the implication of such change on the ,SE ase and the conclusions documented$ %n the event of any proposed modifications of a su&stantial nature #hich constitute material revision) irrespective of #hether such modifications may decrease current levels of ris+) then such proposals #ill need to &e 1ustified in a revised ,SE ase$ This #ill incorporate the proposed revision and &e su&mitted for ompany approval prior to implementation$ E2amples of modifications to the management system) the structure of the rig or to plant and euipment #hich could impact safety and #hich #ould normally merit a revised ,SE ase su&mission are( •

changes of operatorship) o#nership or the contracting out of the management function

•

significant changes in the rig's organisational structure or staff num&ers not already allo#ed for in the ,SE ase

•

as a result of an unsatisfactory audit of the ,SE anagement System leading to significant changes or remedial #or+$ This refers to the system itself rather than the effectiveness of implementation

•

the conclusions of an investigation into an incident #here the actual or potential conseuences #ere significant) #hich recommend significant changes to the ,SE S or facility design

•

the introduction of any ma1or ne# activities on the rig or in connection #ith it not already considered in the ,SE ase

•

ma1or e2tensions in the scope or volume of #or+ associated #ith activities not considered in the ,SE ase

•

modifications to the rig) or the programme of #or+ it is reuired to underta+e) #hich has or may have a ma1or impact on safety

•

if the rig is to &e #or+ing alongside or a&ove another installation) a &ridging document shall &e produced$ produced$

%.(

Ha5ards and E11ects Mana&ement Process

The ,a*ards and Effects anagement Process .,EP . ,EP// has four steps( •

systematic identification of ha*ards

•

assessment of the significance of ha*ards

•

implementation of suita&le ha*ard controls

•

planning planning for recovery recovery in in the even eventt of loss of control control

The process is applied &y as+ing a series of uestions of each activity$ This document lists the drilling activities in seuence although the Drilling Engineer shall ensure that the list includes all activities #hich are li+ely to occur during the operation &eing considered$ 7efer to EP "5-0300 and EP "5-03!0 for further details$ The uestions #hich shall &e addressed are( •

have ha*ards &een identified in the process of carrying out this activityB

•

are the results of the ha*ard occurring of conseuenceB .i$e$ is there a ris+ of in1ury or lossB/

•

are ha*ards &eing controlled in any #ay #hilst the activity is &eing carried outB

•

is it necessary to plan for recovery or emergency response in the event of the ha*ard &eing releasedB

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"


%f the ans#er to any of these uestions is positive the activity is then regarded as safety critical$ These activities #ill then need to &e addressed at a level #hich assures effective control$ The involvement of staff #or+ing #ith the ha*ards is important) if the controls developed are to &e effective$

%.'

Plannin& and Procedures

%.'.

6eneral

9or the planning phase of an operation to &e effective it should concern itself #ith the prevention of incidents through the elimination or control of ha*ards and the mitigation of conseuences should the ha*ardous event occur$ %t follo#s that a process needs to &e follo#ed to systematically identify and assess ha*ards and develop the controls to manage those #hich cannot &e eliminated$ This can &e achieved &y( •

use of ;roup or locally developed policies) standards and procedures

•

ma+ing a scouting visit to assess the situation on the ground

•

study of legislation and supporting approved codes of practice .#here these are availa&le/

•

a thorough analysis of the particular operation .see 3$4/

•

a study of accident) incident and ill health data from previous operations$ 9or the drilling phase of a ne# venture) such data may &e availa&le from the seismic acuisition phase

ther narrative in this chapter considers the ,SE considerations in the #ell planning process$

Plannin& the operation E2perience has sho#n that ,SE performance can &e optimised through a structured planning process #hich incorporates( •

comprehensive operational pre-planning incorporating ,SE measures to manage identified ha*ards$ Those e2posed should &e su&1ected to the latter three phases of the ,a*ards and Effects anagement Process as descri&ed in 3$4

•

verification of euipment safety standards &efore operation start-up

•

verifying that an effective ,SE anagement System is in place &efore start-up

•

an ,SE management training programme aimed at senior line management .ompany and contractor/ and direct supervisors$ This training #ould include such topics as o& ,a*ard nalysis) Cnsafe ct uditing .C/) Safety Training &servation Programme .STP/) #aste management and an understanding of the factors #hich affect &ehaviour

•

detailed documented ,SE and contingency planning specific to the drilling campaign prior to operational operational start-up st art-up

•

•

regular com&ined ompany and contractor management team audits and inspections according to a planned planned schedule schedule and and focusing focusing on ,SE managem management ent esta&lishment of and adherence to transport management system$

Effective planning is essential for all aspects of the &usiness) #ith plans &ased upon +no#n and researched information) and reasoned assumptions$ %n esta&lished ompanies) much of the +no#n information is

""



&ased upon e2perie e2perience$ nce$ Plans for sustained sustained improvem improvement ent is contained contained in in the Drilling Drilling Engin Engineeri eering ng Department's Department's ,SE Plan$ This plan is prepared annually as part p art of the ompany's ompany's total ,SE Plan and its implementation implementation is revie#ed periodically &y the ompany's anagement ,SE ommittee$ The plan sets out the department ,SE o&1ectives and the methods &y #hich it #ill achieve them) lays do#n a time scale for implementation) identifies action parties and esta&lishes a revie# process) &oth to monitor implementation and to modify the plan according to needs$ The ,SE Plan is developed from such things as( •

reuirements carried over from the previous year's plan

•

audit and inspection findings

•

incident findings

•

ne# corporate initiatives

•

accident investigation findings

•

Tripod incident analysis) analysis ) Tripod-DE
•

,SE suggestions from the #or+force

•

management revie# action items$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"%


'!) targets

%t is essential to set ,SE targets that are accepted &y management and employees as achieva&le$ Typically) a progressively reducing target is set) #hich in the long term #ill lead to accident free performance$ 7ealistic targets can only &e set after assessing the scope of #or+ for the period under revie# and allocating tas+s to manage such #or+$ The only #ay to reach a ,SE target is to manage effectively ris+s #hich threaten its achievement$ Effective management demands that ha*ards and their controls shall) so far as possi&le) &e addressed in the planning process$ Staff reports shall include include ,SE-related targets or tas+s against #hich performance performance can &e &e measured$ measured$ These should should &e &e cascaded do#n do#n from from department and ompany targets$ Performance improvements should not &e 'demanded' #ithout giving individuals the tools to do the 1o&) such as training and proper euipment$ %t shall &e verified that drilling contractors and lead service contractors commit themselves and their su&contractors to a programme that ena&les staff to achieve the performance standards aimed for$

!ite selection

The E2ploration Department or Development sections of Petroleum Engineering #ill determine the su&-surface target of the #ell to &e drilled and sometimes also the #ell tra1ectory to reach the target$ This should &e challenged if proposed site conditions so dictate$ side from considerations such as access) topography) topography) su&marine ca&les o&structions) etc the ha*ard of shallo# gas and sea&ed or soil conditions shall &e ta+en into account$ Shallo# seismic run at the time of site surveying #ill give a good .&ut not infalli&le/ indication of shallo# gas in the area$ here practica&le) drilling locations shall not &e sited #here there is a ris+ of encountering shallo# gas$ here this is not practica&le) additional measures to assure the safety of the operation shall &e ta+en$ Procedures to &e follo#ed are referred to in 'Shallo# ;as Procedure ;uidance ;uidance anual' .7ef$ 4/$
%.'."

Asset inte&rity

See EP "5-0!00 ,SE "5-0!00 ,SE anagement Systems$

%.'.%

Procedur dures and $or $or; instructions

Permit,to,$or;  permit-to-#or+ system shall &e in place #hich includes procedures for non-routine and critical operations such as hot #or+) heavy lifts) electrical #or+) confined space entry and the handling of radioactive materials and e2plosives$ n contracted drilling units #or+ing in isolation) the contractor's procedures procedures should &e &e adopted #ith any necessary necessary changes$ changes$ They shall define define the indivi individuals duals responsi&le responsi&le

"(



for authorisation) for verifying specified controls are in place and for co-ordination of the system$ The permit permit shall include include space for restrictions restrictions and controls controls to &e applied applied #hile #hile the the specified specified #or+ #or+ is &eing &eing underta+en$ hen a permit is issued) all relevant personnel shall &e informed #hen the #or+ has started and #hen it is completed$ Planned #or+ #hich reuires a permit shall &e discussed at the daily rig site co-ordination meeting$ 7efer to >$@ for further discussion$

Concurrent operations oncurrent operations .also referred to as simultaneous operations/ pose pro&lems #hich demand high levels of co-ordination to control effectively$ Detailed ha*ard identification and ris+ assessment are reuired during the planning phase of such an operation$ Such assessments #ill invaria&ly lead to a manual of permitted operations .P/ #hich #ill define #hich operations are permitted to &e conducted simultaneously and #hich are not$ 7efer to @$4 for further details$

Adverse Adverse $eather $ eather procedures any pcos are #or+ing in areas #here operations are adversely affected from time to time &y environmental conditions$ %t is vital in these circumstances for the ompany to develop its o#n adverse #eather policy and procedures suited to the local circumstances$ The procedures shall not only address actions on the rig &ut also outside support reuirements$ 6efore commencing any contract #ith a mo&ile offshore unit) the responsi&ility for decision ma+ing in the event of heavy #eather) or the forecast of heavy #eather) shall &e clearly defined and +no#n to involved parties$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"'


"efinition

dverse #eather is defined as environmental conditions #hich may affect the safety of the operation) euipment) and=or personnel if precautions are not ta+en to protect against the ha*ard$ dverse #eather #ill include) severe sea conditions) high #ind) ice) ice&ergs) poor visi&ility) sno#) lightning) torrential rain potentially leading to flooding and sandstorms$

3orecasting

Essential to the a&ility to ta+e timely action to counter the adverse #eather is an accurate #eather forecasting service$ This service may &e supplied on contract either from a local source) if one e2ists) or from an international #eather forecasting service$  good local service #ill &e in a &etter position position to provide provide short short term forecasts #hich #hich are important important for predicting predicting localised localised storm conditions$ conditions$ ssistance to the forecasting service can &e provided &y passing regular #eather reports from the site of operations$ This in turn should improve the accuracy of forecasting$ The development and movement of adverse #eather systems shall &e closely monitored such that appropriate preparations are made in a timely manner$ %n some areas prone to heavy #eather) a sector system) #here&y progressive progressive action is ta+en ta+en as a storm approaches) shall &e deve develope loped$ d$

"eveloping a procedure

 procedure shall state the actions to &e ta+en at site to ensure a safe system of #or+ing during the period of adverse #eather and the conditions under #hich the operations must &e suspended$ The procedure shall ta+e into account the nature of the #or+ and set limits for certain operations such as running a 6P stac+) running casing or the use of cranes$ This #ill need to &e developed in con1unction #ith the contractor$

Operations planning planning

Some activities carried out on the rig once commenced should &e completed #ithout interruption) e2amples are the running of a 6P stac+ or running casing$ %t is important that the #eather forecast is noted on the #or+ instructions$ Similarly) #hen adverse #eather is forecast #hich #ill affect operations) adeuate time must &e allo#ed to ta+e defensive action$
!afety during heavy weather

The development of an adverse #eather policy for an offshore mo&ile drilling unit is governed &y four ma1or considerations •

minimise ris+ to personnel

•

minimise storm damage to the drilling installation

•

minimise storm damage to the conductor) riser) #ellhead) and other e2posed euipment

•

minimise possi&ility of pollution &y ensuring integrity of the #ell

Each type of drilling installation has its o#n criteria for reacting to a given

"*



storm condition$ To a large e2tent the continued operation of a rig depends upon its design and euipment characteristics$ llo#a&le operating conditions should &e detailed in the operations manual$

There are three phases in safety planning during heavy #eather #hen using a floating drilling installation( %hase I

Stop drilling operations) ma+e the #ell safe) hang off drill string and ma+e preparations for disconn disconnecting ecting$$

%hase II

Disconnect the arine 7iser) #hich may involve( a/

ontrolled di disconnection

&/

Emergency Emergency disconnec disconnection tion

c/ ove ove the the rig rig a#ay a#ay fro from m the the #ell #ellh head ead and and orie orient nt it to a hea headi ding ng #hich minimises #eather affects on sta&ility$ %n some cases to#ing the rig out of the path of the storm may &e necessary 4ote( s #ell as minimising the effects of the #eather on the vessel) this is intended to avoid the possi&ility of the
%.'.(

Evacuate personnel from the drilling vessel

Mana&ement o1 chan&e

The effective control of change) &e it to personnel) hard#are or procedures) is +ey to assuring the ongoing integrity of the operation$ The change of personnel relates largely to issues of competence and #ill involve &oth an assessment of competence and) #here necessary) training follo#ed &y a handover period$ The change of personnel should &e controlled controlled to minimise minimise the disruption disruption caused &y loss of continuity continuity$$ %n ma+ing hard#are changes the integrity of the original design shall &e ensured #ith respect to euipment and the fitness for purpose assured #ith respect to additions$ This reuires that appropriate e2pertise is applied to the change$ 9or instance) the modification of a piece of euipment shall reuire a revie# &y a suita&ly ualified 'in-house' engineer) and often need the approval of the euipment manufacturer$  procedure procedure shall &e in place #hich #hich assures that all hard#are changes changes are approved at the appropriate level level &efore &efore &eing &eing implem implemented ented$$ This may invol involve ve e2ternal e2ternal parties such as classification societie societies$ s$ hanges to programmes and procedures shall &e agreed at the level of original approval and involve the input of those affected &y the change$ ll changes shall &e assessed to ensure that they do not inadvertently introduce other ha*ards$ hanges and their conseuences shall &e documented and disseminated to ensure all involved are fully a#are &oth of the change and its implications$ Such documentation #ill also provide an audit trail$ a1or changes may reuire an amendment of the ,SE ase$ ase$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"


%.'.'

Con Contin&e n&ency and emer mer&ency plannin nnin& &

%n preparing for an operation a plan shall &e put in place #hich #ill detail the methods of recovering from any incident) on the drilling unit or attendant services) #hich causes in1ury or poses a threat to the health and safety of personnel or the environment$ The recommended contents of the ompany's Emergency Procedures document are given &elo# as is a list of the ha*ards #hich may need to &e addressed$ %t is the responsi&ility of the person in charge .generally the contractor Toolpusher on a land rig or ffshore %nstallation anager % on an offshore rig/ to ensure that the emergency response facilities and materials as specified in the contractor's Emergency Procedures are availa&le and fit for purpose at all times$ Emergency response procedures shall address the action to &e ta+en on the drilling unit and the responsi&le persons in the event of an emergency$ %t is also essential to identify alternative individuals to assume +ey duties should normal incum&ents &e incapacitated$ Station 6ills shall &e posted detailing the action to &e ta+en &y all personnel in emergency situations$ o-ordination &et#een the contractor's and the ompany's Emergency Procedures is reuired to avoid conflict of actions$ This applies primarily in the &ase offices #here support services .helicopter) medical &ac+-up) notification notification to officia officiall organisations) organisations) etc/ #ill #ill &e arranged$ %n principle) the contractor should ta+e the lead on the rig in com&ating the emergency$ 9or contract and resource reasons) the ompany #ill normally co-ordinate logistics) liaise #ith outside agencies and other#ise provide intervention needs$ The 6ase anager of the main contractor and other relevant contractors should al#ays &e included in emergency control teams$ The co-ordinating lin+ &et#een rig and &ase office office #ill #ill normally normally &e the the ompany ompany Drilling Drilling Supervisor Supervisor on the rig$ rig$ These arrangements shall &e documented and signed &y &oth contractor and ompany$ n emergency e2ercise shall &e performed to test the procedures prior to commencement of the operation$ 9urther drills and e2ercises shall &e performed) particularly during the early stages of a contract) to verify that the roles and responsi&ilities of all staff .on all shifts/ are understood and effectively discharged$

#pco emer&ency procedures Documented emergency procedures shall &e in place &efore operations commence$ The document shall detail the responsi&ilities of ompany personnel &oth on the rig and in the &ase office in the event of an incident$ %n addition the principal responsi&ilities of the drilling contractor's 7ig Superintendent shall &e stated #ith regard to co-ordination #ith the ompany Drilling Supervisor$ The action to &e ta+en &y ompany &ase office staff #ith regard to support services .e$g$ helicopters/ and notifications .e$g$ coast guard) hospital government/ shall &e detailed for each type of incident$ hen documents are normally stored electronically) hard copies of +ey procedures should &e availa&le and the storage system should &e connected to an uninterrupta&le po#er supply$ s appropriate to the operation) the document may include procedures for( •

in1ury=illness reuiring medevac to hospital

•

in1ury=illness reuiring medevac out of country

•

fatal accident=illness

•

road accident reuiring medevac

•

vehicle overdue

"/



•

loss of aircraft

•

fuel=chemical spillage

•

hydrocar&on spill

•

e2treme #eather conditions

•

fire and a&andonment

•

loss of #ell control

•

,:S release

•

radioactive source=e2plosives incident

•

security &rea+do#n

•

&om& scare$

EP "5-03!> Emergency Emergency 7esponse provides p rovides guidance$

#il spill contin&ency plan  plan shall &e prepared for com&ating and cleaning up of oil spills$ 7eference should &e made to current corporate guidance availa&le through ,SE departments$ The service may #ell &e provided &y a contractor #ho #ill have clean-up euipment and his o#n procedures procedures for its operation$ operation$ ompany procedures shall detail the notifications necessary and provision of other contracted services .e$g$ supply vessels/ and materials dependent on the scale of the spill$

Relie1 $ell plan %t is advisa&le) and in some areas a reuirement) to prepare a relief #ell contingency plan$ f prime importance is having adeuate data on the path of the pro&lem #ell$ The plan) #hich #ill &e site specific) should consider( •

&lo#out &lo#out contingen contingency cy team organisatio organisation n

•

acuisition of third party e2pertise

•

sourcing of a drilling unit

•

provision provision of a high high volume volume #ater #ater supply

•

evacuation plan for near&y population

•

sourcing of materials .casing) mud) &its) #ellheads) etc/

•

safe siting of a rig for relief #ell drilling

•

directional services

•

possi&le +ill +ill methods$ methods$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"+


H5S procedures Each ompany shall prepare its o#n procedures &ased on local conditions and incidence of the gas$ 7efer to >$5 for further discussion on the su&1ect$

Shallo$ &as The document 'Shallo# ;as Procedures ;uidance anual' .7ef$ 4/ shall &e used &y the ompany as the &asis for esta&lishing a procedure for for dealing dealing #ith shallo# gas$

Drills and e7ercises Effective drills address three important o&1ectives #hich are( •

to demonstrate the cre#'s a&ility to respond to a #ide range of emergencies$ Drills improve and develop cre# confidence and identify those areas #here further attention is needed

•

to train the cre# in &oth individual proficiency and team #or+ necessary to handle anticipated rigspecific emergencies emergencies

•

to test the t he emergency euipment$

n effective drill programme should cover( •

a description of the drill) including list of participants

•

realism in the drill

•

freuency of drills

•

a means of disseminating the results of drills to supervisors

•

topics identified during past drills #hich need improvement

•

an o&1ective evaluation of the drill highlighting &oth areas of success and areas reuiring improvement$

Drills should &e &ased upon realistic criteria and carried out) so far as possi&le) as though the emergency e2isted$ They shall not) ho#ever) e2pose personnel to un#arranted ris+$ The follo#ing drills shall &e carried out at each drilling installation( •

+ic+=pit drills

•

fire drills

•

drills in the use of &reathing &reathing apparatus apparat us

•

hydrogen sulphide drills .if applica&le/

•

stretcher drills .e$g$ from the rig floor/

•

muster and a&andonment drills

•

medevac e2ercises$

The freuency of the drills should &e esta&lished in the annual ,SE Plan) &ut should &e sufficiently freuent to assure the competence of all staff$ ll drills) #hether onshore or offshore) shall include contact &eing made #ith &ase to verify the effectiveness of communications$ This shall periodically include the reuirement for duty staff to contact the rig to confirm their contacta&ility$

%-



 timed log of events should &e +ept &y supervisors acting as o&servers$ These logs should &e consolidated into a drill report and used for the de&rief) and for disseminating information on corrective actions to staff$  copy of the report shall &e sent to the &ase offices of &oth the drilling contractor and the ompany$ Supervisory visits should occasionally include the o&servation of a drill$

%.*

!mplementation and Monitorin&

%.*.

Activities and tas;s

See EP "5-0!00 ,SE anagement Systems$

%.*."

Monitorin&

This chapter discusses various arrangements that are employed to monitor the implementation of the health) safety and environmental policy at the installation$ Performance monitoring and revie# #ill &e a +ey element of the ,SE Plan and the part #hich facilitates enhancement of the plan's uality &y highlighting areas for improvement$ The ,SE performance can &e assessed against the criteria considered &elo#$

#ccupational health Performance in relation to occupational health is health is measured against ompany standards #hich shall at least meet legal reuirements and in any event ensure the prevention of adverse health effects due to #or+ing conditions$ ccupational health issues in drilling operations shall include the safe handling of chemicals) the use of oil-&ased muds .6/) the use of radioactive su&stances) e2posure to , :S) ergonomic issues) protection against the elements and noise control$ ll of the a&ove should &e dealt #ith through the ,a*ards and Effects anagement Process$ Performance indicators can &e derived through the analysis of medical referrals$  typical analysis at a drilling location #ould &e the freuency of s+in rashes #hich may reflect on #or+ practices and compliance #ith protective euipment reuirements$ nother longer term indicator #ould &e the num&er of persons sho#ing evidence of hearing loss$ The analysis of some of these indicators #ill need the support of specialist services$

Sa1ety monitorin& The measurement of performance in relation to safety is &ased on such things as in1ury statistics) the incident potential matri2) matri2 ) T7 T7%P %PD D DE DE
Environmental protection  #aste management programme shall &e part of the ,SE Plan and &e aimed at achieving short and long term reductions in the volume and to2icity of #aste generated$ ithin drilling operations) reductions can &e achieve achieved d &y such things things as slim hole hole drilling drilling .S,D/ and the su&stitution of chemical chemical products) products) e$g$ using #ater &ased mud instead of 6$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%


S,D offers onshore the additional and su&stantial advantage of reducing the location footprint) minimising road construction and upgrade #or+) reducing overall drilling associated costs and distur&ance of the environment$ 7eference should &e made to 'a+ing the ost of Drilling aste anagement' .7ef$ >/$

Revie$ The revie# process #ill address the meeting of targets documented in the annual ,SE Plan$ %t #ill also address the success of implementing the action items arising out of all activities #hich produce recommendations) such as ,SE meetings) inspections and incident investigations$ %ndividual ,SE performance targets) normally developed during the annual staff reporting cycle) should also &e assessed and) #here necessary) further action to achieve attainment agreed$ 7evie#s shall also &e carried out on all contracts against the contractor's ,SE Plan$ The revie#s should &e 1ointly 1ointly held held and and any remedial remedial action action 1ointly 1ointly agreed$ agreed$

Per1ormance indicators The measure of ,SE performance can &e o&tained &y the use of suita&le indices #hich #ill( •

provide provide a consistent consistent method method for collecti collecting ng and commu communicating nicating data on incidents incidents

•

sho# &y comparison the effectiveness of the ,SE management programme) &oth #ithin the ompany and #ith other companies

•

ena&le an assessment to &e made of a contractor's ,SE performance relative to the industry

•

indicate #hether an operation is &eing managed #ell or #hether management is driven &y events$

9or performa 9or performance nce monito monitoring ring to &e useful it is essential that all incidents are reported$ ppropriate measures to assure this shall &e put in place$ Performance criteria #ith respect to
monitoring compliance #ith the plan

•

monitoring compliance #ith corrective action reuirements arising as a result of ,SE meetings) audits) etc

•

monitoring changes in the drilling seuence #hich may have a significant impact upon effective planning$ planning$

Trends indicated &y periodically auditing against predetermined criteria) such as those provided &y the %nternational
%"



internally) &y rig supervisors and mem&ers of the #or+force) and e2ternally &y &ase management representatives of the ompany) the drilling contractor and services contractors$ n e2ample of such an inspection is that made &y the site supervisors$ This inspection is conducted &y &oth contractor contractor and ompany ompany personnel personnel against against a chec+ list and progressiv progressively ely covers covers all areas of the installation including service contractor facilities$ Each inspection report is revie#ed &y the &ase line managers so that appropriate resources can &e made availa&le) and any corrective action reuirements &e given the priority reuired$ 9or further information on the su&1ect of performance indicators refer to ';uide for Safety Performance 7eporting'' .7ef$ @/$ 7eporting

3ine mana&ement HSE inspections  freuent o&servation made during S%EP-led drilling technical ,SE audits is that line management visits lac+ focus and therefore effectiveness$ To get the most out of the effort put into rig inspections in general and line management inspections in particular) it is essential that a structured approach is ta+en$ The follo#ing three paragraphs suggest an appropriate structure and give guidance on ho# to develop it$ ne of the o&1ectives is to minimise e2tra administration and to reduce the seemingly never ending 1o& lists #hich act as demotivators to &oth ompany and drilling contractor site staff$ The three elements of the inspection are( •

planning planning

•

e2ecution

•

feed&ac+=close out$

%lanning

%nspections made shortly after start-up #ill place the main emphasis on verifying the effective close out of deficiencies) particularly those associated #ith ,SE management) identified in the pre-start-up audit$ The focus #ill change as the drilling pro1ect progresses$ The importance of hard#are inspections should not &e underestimated$ ppropriate and #ell maintained hard#are is essential for the safe conduct of operations and such inspections are also essential to allo# a reasoned 1udgem 1udgement ent to &e made made on such things things as(

•

the effectiveness of the preventive maintenance system

•

the competence of personnel to perform their duties

•

the a&ility of staff to handle their #or+load

n inspection made during non-routine operations may #ell focus on the permit-to-#or permit-to-#or+ + system and and the effectiv effectivene eness ss of commun communications) ications) such as &riefings &riefings and tool tool &o2 tal+s) to assure that staff remain a#are of) and in in control of) the overall operation$ ne made during routine operations may focus on hoisting euipment) to verify the effectiveness of on-site audit and inspection$ Electrical safety may &e addressed) to verify that ha*ardous *one reuirements are fulfilled and that staff are not

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%%


e2posed to electric shoc+s$ E2pert assistance should &e called on to inspect areas in #hich the manager lac+s e2pertise$ This is particularly important to give assurance that accidents do not arise out of lac+ of +no#ledge of the inherent ha*ards$ The +ey point is to have a particular ,SE o&1ective in mind$ The main thrust of the inspection) #ith respect to ,SE) is to ascertain the effectiveness of the systems and #here necessary ma+e recommendations for improvements) rather than to focus on the operational 'nuts and &olts'$ )+ecution

ll ompanies perform rig inspections) #ith many doing it to a regular schedule$ %t is generally a multi-purpose visit) addressing a #ide variety of issues$ The more effective ones include a &riefing=discussion #ith all relevant supervisors covering the highlights of the previous period and a loo+ ahead$ %t is helpful if supervisory visits are made 1ointly &y ompany and contractor representatives and that they hold a 1oint meeting #ith their senior site representatives to ensure that a common approach is agreed for follo# up action$ There #ill al#ays &e a place for a rig #al+a&out) &ut it should not distract from the planned o&1ective$ ,ard#are deficiencies should &e loo+ed at in terms of the management system in place to identify and rectify them) rather than merely noting it on a 1o& list for rectification$ This is not to minimise the importance of rectification) more to ensure that all deficiencies #ill &e systematically identified and their root causes addressed to prevent similar ones recurring$

3eedback-close out

9or supervisory visits to &e &oth useful and credi&le) there needs to &e a process #hich #hich feeds feeds &ac+ the the results of the inspecti inspection on and closes closes out any remedial action reuirements$ This #ill reuire a degree of documentation$ The #ritten report of the inspection should &e concise and should &e passed to the rig promptly$ promptly$ ction ction items) items) action parties and and completio completion n targets should &e given$ Since the success of an operation is dependent upon team effort) the feed&ac+ should &e given to all relevant staff after having identified action parties #ith the agreem agreement ent of senior senior site supervisors$ supervisors$ The emphasis emphasis should al#ays &e on agreed action items as this #ill increase commitment to successful resolution$ So long as the overall o&1ective is not compromised) give and ta+e should &e used to o&tain such commitment$ 9ollo# up shall &e monitored regularly and this may &est &e done during su&seuent visits$ Should an agreed remedial action prove not to &e feasi&le) this should &e openly discussed and agreement reached on possi&le alternatives$ alternatives$ learly) learly) all remedial remedial actions shall shall &e closed closed out in a time frame commensurate #ith their importance$ The document 'anagement Safety %nspections' .7ef$ F/ gives valua&le guidance on this su&1ect$

8nsa1e act auditin& E2perience has sho#n that a high proportion of accidents result from an unsafe act &y an individual$ The reason for the unsafe act may #ell &e a reflection on the individual's training or the pressures under #hich

%(



he is #or+ing rather than negligence$ hatever the reason) there is a need to &e proactive in removing the &asic causes of accidents accidents and to carry out an audit of any unsafe acts #hich #hich still occur$ occur$ The o&1ectives of auditing unsafe acts are( •

to reduce the potential for accidents

•

to reaffirm and improve the accepted standards of safety

•

to improve communication and understanding

•

to improve the cultural attitude to#ard safety$

The process of unsafe act auditing is fully descri&ed in 'Cnsafe ct uditing' .7ef$ "/$ any Shell ompanies and contractors have adapted the techniue to suit their mode of operation and the culture of the host country$ The o&1ectives) ho#ever) remain the same$

%.*.%

Records


%.*.(

Non Non,compliance and and corrective ive ac action


%.*.'

!ncident reportin&

#b9ectives and principles The o&1ectives of an incident investigation and reporting system are( •

to investigate all ha*ardous and potentially ha*ardous incidents at a level) depth and speed appropriate to their seriousness

•

after determining root causes) to ta+e appropriate action to prevent the recurrence of the incident or similar incidents

•

to communicate the findings of incident investigations) the conclusions reached and recommendations made to all appropriate personnel$ This includes contractors and service companies and) #here appropriate) dissemination on a ;roup #ide &asis$

•

to identify trends in a timely fashion and target areas of particular concern

•

to contri&ute a data&ase to assist engineering design$

EP "5-0!00 ,SE anagement System hapter > and the document '%ncident %nvestigation and nalysis ;uide' .7ef$ !0/ !0/ are useful references$ 9or investigation purposes) #ith the e2ception of a fatality or a serious lost time in1ury) the level and depth of the investigation should &e &ased on the incident's potential rather than the actual conseuences$ The document '%ncident Potential atri2' .7ef$ atri2' .7ef$ !!/ !!/ provides guidance$ The ompany Drilling Supervisor at drilling locations shall assist in assessing the potential of all incidents occurring on site and should verify the adeuacy of their investigation$ This #ill reuire that he ta+es part in the investigation of incidents #hich fall into an area of the incident potential matri2 that has &een defined defined as reuiring ompany ompany participation participation in the the investigation investigation$$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%'


E2cept #here the seriousness of an incident dictates other#ise) the drilling contractor should lead the investigation and ompany &ase management verify that corrective actions are appropriate and sufficient$ 7esponsi&ility for follo#-up action shall &e identified$ ny changes in procedures) rules) euipment replacement) etc #hich arise as a result of the investigation) shall &e documented in the report and shall &e discussed during appropriate ,SE meetings$

!ncident reportin& procedure %n a stand alone drilling operation) the drilling contractor's senior site representative is responsi&le for ,SE on the rig and all incidents shall &e reported to him$ Together #ith the ompany's senior representative) he should assign each incident #ith a code derived from an incident potential matri2$ This code #ill determine the seniority of staff ta+ing part in an investigation and the depth to #hich the incident needs to &e investigated$ learly) a degree of common sense needs to &e applied if staff are to &e motivated to report all incidents) including near misses$ 9ear of the investigative and administrative #or+load should not inhi&it staff from ma+ing such reports$ This may initially result in lo#er potential incidents merely &eing logged$ %f a recurring trend is noted further investigation may #ell &e #arranted to eliminate underlying causes$ s performance improves) the 'goal posts' can &e narro#ed to address lo#er potential incidents$ %t is essential that the senior supervisors are appr aised of all incidents incidents so that they can assess potential potential and decide necessary corrective action to &e ta+en$ Eually importantly) they can ensure that relevant information is disseminated to others #ho may &enefit from the +no#ledge$ Detailed guidance on incident reporting and investigation is given in the documents 'ccident %nvestigation' .7ef$ !:/ !:/ and ';uide for Safety Performance 7eporting' .7ef$ @/$ @/$  reporting procedure might the ta+e the follo#ing form for non-critical incidents( !$

The drilling drilling contractor Toolpushe Toolpusherr leads the on-site on-site investigation investigation into the incid incident ent and and prepares the the report #hich includes remedial action reuirements$ The ompany Drilling Supervisor ta+es part in the investigation and countersigns report as accurate and sufficient$

:$

The report report is sent sent to drilli drilling ng contracto contractorr 7ig anager anager #ho #ho adds his his comme comments nts and signs signs his his agreement to the recommendations$ ,e can also recommend further investigations if necessary at this point) perhaps perhaps #ith a higher higher level level team$

3$

The report report is sent sent to relevant relevant ompany ompany Senior Drilling Drilling Enginee Engineerr .7ig Superintenden Superintendent/ t/ #ho #ho adds his comments and signs the report$ ,e can also recommend further investigation

4$

The report report is then then sent sent to the the contract contract holder holder .,ead .,ead of Drilling Drilling Engineer Engineering/ ing/ #ho follo#s follo#s the process previously previously descri&ed$ descri&ed$

5$

Parallel #ith #ith this this process process the ,SE Department Department #ill #ill revie# revie# the report report as receive received d from the rig and provide provide any input input they may have to the the ompany ompany Senior Senior Drilling Drilling Engineer Engineer$$

>$

 copy of of the finalised finalised report is returned returned to the the rig for impl implem ementation entation of the agreed agreed remedial remedial actions$ actions$

hile the a&ove descri&es audita&le) procedural aspects of the incident reporting process) normally communication channels +eep relevant issues alive #hile this is ongoing$

%.*.*

!ncident 1ollo$,up


%*



%.

Audit

Technical ,SE audi audits ts assess the effectiveness of the controls in place to manage ,SE aspects of activities$ s proper ,SE management is a uality inherent in the #ay the ompany conducts its operations) it is essential that the audit team has mem&ers familiar #ith the process &eing audited$ %t is also important to &e a&le to ma+e ma+e an o&1ectiv o&1ectivee assessment$ This This ma+es it desira&le desira&le that the team includes includes mem& mem&ers ers #ithout direct responsi&ility for the operation$ %n small ompanies and ventures) this may not &e possi&le$ The ,SE anagement System shall contain reference to( •

the relevant audit policy and procedure

•

the #ay actions recommended &y an audit are agreed) put into effect and follo#ed-up

•

the means &y #hich lessons learned from such audits are communicated laterally #ithin and outside the organisation in order that actions arising out of +ey learning points can &e applied else#here$

perations associated #ith the installation shall &e su&1ect to a programme of audits under the ompany and contractor audit plan$ This su&1ect is addressed &elo#$

6eneral %t is a reuirement that drilling contractors and associated service contractors have an effective system in place for managing managing ,SE$ The assessment assessment and approval of this this system shall shall &e part of the tender tender evaluation process$ So long as ma1or contractors apply corporate reuirements to their #orld-#ide operations) the #or+ load for performing this tas+ should diminish uic+ly #ith time$ The ,SE department should have the e2pertise to assist #ith this tas+$ The effectiveness of the system cannot &e assessed) of course) until the unit has &een manned up for operations$ This implies that ideally) a ,SE management audit should &e carried out #hile the rig is #or+ing for another operator) such that deficiencies can &e rectified prior to the start of contract$ here this is possi&le) and the system is found to &e effective) assurance should &e gained from the contractor that staffing) at least at the supervisory level) #ill not &e significantly changed #ithout prior agreement$ here agreement from the previous operator cannot &e gained) or #here the rig is &eing mo&ilised from a stac+ed condition) assurance should &e gained from the drilling contractor that supervisory staff are familiar #ith the reuirements of the ,SE anagement System$ This shall then &e assessed upon start-up of operations$ hen properly structured) the ompany's assessment of the contractor's ,SE anagement System also provides provides a useful insight insight into ho# ho# effecti effectively vely the contractor contractor manages other other aspects of his &usiness$ &usiness$

Schedule The follo#ing offers advice on a suita&le schedule of audits and inspections of drilling operations$

Ne$ venture haracterised &y small Shell team #ith limited manpo#er) and a high reliance on contractor resources$ %re6Tender

eeting #ith contractors selected to &id to advise on Shell ,SE reuirements$

%recontract

Pre-selection inspection of rig and associated euipment generally &y third party consultants$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%


Environmental impact assessment of the drilling site and means of access$ %re6!tart6up

udit &y ompany and main contractor management to verify that an ,SE S is in place #hich ena&les the achievement of venture ,SE o&1ectives$

!tart up

S%EP-led ,SE audit shortly after spud$

2eekly

%nspection &y ompany and contractor senior supervisors$

Other

%nspections &y a mem&er of the management team .freuency depending on overall management field visit programme &ut at least monthly/$

Small #pco haracterised &y limited manpo#er and &y discontinuous drilling operations #hich may lead to loss of e2pertise &et#een drilling campaigns$ %re6Tender

eeting #ith contractors selected to &id to advise on Shell ,SE reuirements$

%recontract

Pre-selection inspection of rig and associated euipment generally &y third party consultants$ Environmental impact assessment of the drilling site and means of access$

%re6!tart6up

udit &y ompany and main contractor management to verify that an ,SE S is in place #hich ena&les the achievement of venture ,SE o&1ectives$

!tart up

S%EP plus pco safety audit shortly after spud$

2eekly

%nspection &y pco senior supervisors$

,uarterly

7evie# of audit follo# up progress$ opy to &e sent to S%EP$

7early

6y a team of local ompany and contractor management$

Other

%nspections &y a mem&er of the management team .freuency depending on overall management field visit programme &ut at least uarterly/$

udits generally include service company) transport) supply and associated field engineering activity$

The audit process The o&1ectives of ,SE audits are( •

to +eep ompany management informed of the health and integrity of all the ompany's activities &y monitoring) on a periodic &asis and in a systematic manner) the ,SE management system in order to assess its effectiveness

•

to assist line management to identify ,SE shortcomings

•

to assist line management to identify remedies

•

to ensure that remedies are carried out through effective follo#-up procedures$

,SE audits should form part of the annual ,SE Plan and in some larger ompanies #ill &e part of an integrated audit plan$ Staff should &e +eenly a#are of the difference &et#een audits and inspections$ The

%/



audit process is one of verifying the effectiveness of ,SE management and is not a detailed hard#are inspection$ %t is particularly important to emphasise to all concerned that a drilling audit is not simply an audit of the drilling contractor$ %t #ill cover all aspects of the drilling operation including those aspects controlled or managed &y the drilling contractor) the ompany and service contractors$ udit freuency is some#hat dependent upon the length of contract &ut a start-up audit is particularly valua&le as it emphasises the ,SE principles upon #hich the operation is founded$ s #ith all other aspects of the &usiness) audits need to &e planned and team mem&ers prepared) such that the scope of #or+ is effectively covered$ %n this planning stage the e2pertise reuirements is identified and #ill dictate the audit team ma+e-up$ The main elements of the audit include( •

revie#ing documentation) including necessary certificates

•

intervie#ing staff &oth in the &ase offices) field offices and on the rig

•

inspecting euipment

•

comparing #or+ practices #ith documented procedures$

E2ternal audits are led &y an e2perienced S%EP technical auditor) generally #ith #ide drilling operations e2perience$ They should include representatives of &oth ompany and drilling contractor line staff$ Team mem&ers should &e of a seniority #hich empo#ers them to agree to the main findings$ So long as findings are &ased on o&1ective evidence) agreement should not &e difficult to reach$ n internal management ,SE audit should audit should &e conducted once a year &y a team typically consisting of the contractor's rea anager) contractor
%./

Revie$

This su&1ect is divided into three parts and descri&es the corrective action process for audit recommendations) ,SE ase recommendations and ,SE anagement System remedial action recommendations$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%+


 monitoring system should &e instituted to trac+ completion of action items in the indicated time frame$

Audit action recommendations here the auditee cannot agree a recommended action item a variation should &e documented #hich descri&es the proposed alternative #hich #ill achieve the same o&1ective or alternatively the reasons #hy the recommended action has &een re1ected$ The audit should &e closed out #ith a listing of the status of action items$

HSE Case remedial actions 7emedial actions from the preparation of ,SE ases may arise as follo#s( •

deviations from agreed standards identified in preparing the ,SE ase

•

actions arising out of studies used to assess ha*ards

•

actions arising as a result of creating standards the need for #hich has not previously &een recognised

•

actions arising out of changes to the ,SE ase prompted ase prompted &y significant changes to the installation or the operations it is conducting$

ctions should &e agreed) a party responsi&le for implementation nominated) a completion date fi2ed and a progress monitoring system put into place$

HSE MS remedial action The definition and documentation of the ,SE S may S may #ell lead to #ea+nesses &eing identified and remedial action items &eing recommended$ The ,SE S itself #ill &e su&1ected to an ongoing revie# process #hich #hich #ill #ill lead to further further corrective corrective action plans$ plans$ The plans shall sho# sho# action parties and realistic completion dates$

Monitorin& system 9or each recommendation) action parties and completion estimates are esta&lished and entered onto the 7emedial ction Plan$ The status of all action items are reported at regular intervals to a revie# committee of senior managers in order that progress is effectively monitored and e2pedited as necessary$ %t is logical that a common system should &e set up to monitor the implementation of action items arising out of all four of the su&1ects discussed$ The ,SE department) #hen properly staffed) should &e the guardian of such a system) though responsi&ility remains #ith the line #ho should follo# up and +eep the system guardian regularly regularly appraised of status$

Revie$ and improvement The management revie# and improvement process consists of three main parts( •

the development and maintenance of ,SE Plans cascaded from the corporate to the departmental level

•

the revie# process &y #hich the effectiveness of the ,SE Plans) ,SE S and ,SE ases is determined

•

the improvement strategy through #hich the product of the revie# process is implemented$

(-



Development? maintenance and revie$ o1 HSE Plans The ompany shall produce an annual ,SE Plan$ This is normally prepared &y the ,SE department #ith significant input from line departments to assure completeness of coverage and the setting of realistic targets$ %t is revie#ed and endorsed &y the anaging Director$ %ts purpose is to( •

create an understanding of the corporate ,SE policy and give it a common direction

•

focus on +ey elements of ,SE management) #ith the o&1ective of systematically removing the &asic causes of loss) &y means of ongoing revie#s of ,SE systems and performance$

9rom this corporate document #ill &e generated an perations ,SE Plan and su&seuently a Drilling Engineering ,SE Plan$ These plans #ill for a large part &e a development of the previous years plan) &ut may also include ne# ideas and procedures &rought in from outside$ Staff ne# to the area can have an important role to play in this respect$ The targets set out in plans shall &e monitored for achievement &y periodic revie#$ The plan should remain a living document #ith amendments initiated #hen &enefits to performance can &e seen$ The implementation of the plan is a line responsi&ility and line supervisors should &e allotted ,SE tas+s and targets &ased on the plan's reuirements$ The achievement of such targets should also &e part of the annual performance assessment process$

!mprovement strate&y Company

The ompany's improvement strategy should &e set against the outcome of the revie# process and the long term targets of *ero accidents and *ero negative discharges to the environment$ To this end five year reducing targets should &e set and performance revie#ed periodically to monitor achievements and identify actions for further improvements$ s performance improves) the 'goal posts' tend to narro# and ne# strategies are reuired to continue the improvement trend$ The drilling contractors have a particularly valua&le role to play here as they have &een e2posed to ideas from outside the ompany #hich may #ell offer fresh insights$ The annual plans are developed #ith all of the a&ove in mind so that lessons learned are incorporated into successive year's plans$ The ,SE S is revie#ed periodically .appro2imately every three years/ and a revision and improvement programme developed &ased upon( •

e2amination of performance indicators to see #here ,SE S improvements are necessary

•

revie# of audits and incident reports to identify areas #here enhancing the ,SE S #ill facilitate performance improvement

•

revie#ing the adeuacy of the ,SE S documentation$

9or the ,SE S to achieve its desired o&1ective it is vital that staff at all levels understand its aims and their role in its effective implementation$ The system therefore needs to &e transparent and 'user friendly'$ Contractor

The contractor ,SE improvement strategy) li+e#ise) is set against the long term targets of *ero accidents) *ero negative impact to health and *ero negative discharges to the environment$ To this

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

(


end) reducing targets are set for the occurrence of recorda&le accidents &y the contractor 6ase anager$ These are revie#ed annually$ The improvement strategy is &ased on the identification of +ey corporate ,SE issues periodically) and addressing them in the rig ,SE Plan &y a series of actions$ The issues #ill continue to &e addressed in annual plans until conditions have &een improved as far as reasona&ly practica&le$

The rig ,SE Plan is developed #ith the a&ove in mind and the lessons learned from each year's operations are reflected in ne2t year's plan and programmes$ 6oth the ,SE anagement System and health) safety and environmental performance are su&1ect of a num&er of formal revie#s( •

•

•

the ompany peratio perations=Drilling ns=Drilling anager anager monitors ,SE programm p rogramme e progress and reports status at the ompany's uarterly ,SE management overvie# committee meeting the contractor 6ase anager revie#s and summarises the overall health) safety and environmental performance performance for the the installation in his monthly monthly report ,SE performance is discussed at the installation ,SE meetings giving the opportunity for comment and feed&ac+$

here such revie#s identify concerns or trends #hich merit immediate attention) appropriate action is initiated$

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EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

(%


(

PREPARAT!#N

(.

Site Preparations , 3and

(..

3ocations

Sitin& ells should &e located at least the height of the mast a#ay from pu&lic roads) rail#ays) pu&lic #or+s) houses or other pu&lic places$ Safe distances from any radio transmitters need to &e esta&lished so that the use of e2plosives and detonators may proceed #ithout danger of e2ternal activation$ here this is not the case) enforcea&le control procedures shall &e esta&lished) or detonating systems not affected &y stray electrical currents should &e used$ Sites close to overhead and underground po#er lines should also &e avoided$ ?ot only do they pose a threat to the safe use of e2plosives) &ut also to the safe operation of cranes and other euipment that can potentially potentially come come into contact contact #ith them$ them$ ll practica&le means shall &e ta+en to minimise or avoid detrimental effects on the surrounding environment &y virtue of the construction of the location or the operation of the drilling rig$ 9or specific sites) advice should &e reuested from the ,SE Department$

Si5e The site should &e si*ed to contain all euipment and &uildings) storage) #or+shops) etc using distances &et#een &et#een various various rig compone components nts in line line #ith e2isting e2isting rules rules and regulations regulations for the area of operation operation and and the ha*ardous area dra#ing of the drilling rig$ ithin the a&ove constraints) it shall &e si*ed to minimise environmental environmental impact$

Sources o1 i&nition ?a+ed lights) lights) unprotected unprotected electrical electrical euipm euipment) ent) smo+ing smo+ing and and all other other sources of ignitio ignition n shall &e prohi&ited prohi&ited on all all drilling=#el drilling=#elll sites$ hen hen internal internal com&ustion com&ustion engine enginess are permanently permanently used used #ithin #ithin a ha*ardous area they shall &e protected$ Petrol driven engines are not to &e permitted on the #or+site$ See 5$:$: and ppendi2 8 for 8 for further details$

=lares and 1lare pits 9lare pits and e2tremities of flare lines should &e located at least "0 m from rail#ays) roads) pu&lic #or+s) processing units or tan+s$ They should &e at least 30 m from a #ell) gas=oil separator) site drainage or other possi&le source of ignita&le vapours$

((


: Preparation

Telecommunications Telecommunications euipment such as telephones) radios and tal+-&ac+ systems located in ha*ardous areas shall &e suita&le for Gone ! application$ %nstances have occurred #here radios operated in the S7 ca&in and the Driller's control ca&in have interfered #ith S7 systems$ 7adios should not &e operated in these areas unless it is determined that the S7 system is not affected &y to the electromagnetic radiation generated &y them$

Draina&e Drilling sites and camps should have an adeuate drainage system so that potentially harmful effluents are contained and can &e carried clear of the site to a point #here they are unli+ely to cause harm$ eans shall &e provided to trap any escape of oil &efore it can leave the site$ Drains and &unds should &e si*ed so that they can contain t#o to three times the ma2imum storm rainfall e2pected over a t#o-hour period) plus the liuid inventory they are designed to contain$ Surface drains should &e adeuately graded and +ept de&ris free to ensure uic+ disposal of their contents$ aste oil from pumps or other machinery should &e trapped) collected and disposed of properly$

Se$a&e and $aste rrangements shall &e made for the provision of septic pits and the proper discharge of se#age$ aste should &e collected and contained in specially supplied #aste s+ips on site or &urnt at the site$ etallic #aste should &e collected and disposed of at locations approved &y the local authority$ ud chemicals used should &e of lo# potential to2icity and mud disposed of in a responsi&le manner$

E7cavation E2cavation #or+ shall &e carried out under the permit-to-#or+ system and in such a manner that the collapse of side #alls is precluded$ easures shall &e ta+en to prevent persons and livestoc+ from accidentally falling into an e2cavation$ They should &e properly illuminated at night$

Site access nly authorised persons shall &e admitted to a drilling site$ This may need to &e enforced &y enclosing the #hole or parts of a site$ penings in enclosures should &e permitted only under authority) and after adeuate steps have &een ta+en to control entry and e2it$ pproved personal protective euipment shall &e #orn #hen visiting or #or+ing on a drilling rig or on a #ell servicing hoist$

(.."

Road vehicles and mobile plant

nly protected diesel engines conforming to '7ecommendations for the Protection of Diesel Engines perating in ,a*ardous reas' .7ef$ !3/ !3/ shall &e used #ithin ha*ardous Gones ! and : . see ppendi2 %8/$ %8/$ ny e2ceptions shall &e strictly controlled through the application of the permit-to-#or+ system$ 7oad vehicles shall not &e permitted to enter or operate in a ha*ardous *one) e2cept &y special permits #hich #ill ta+e into account necessary precautions to ensure no flamma&le vapours #ill &e present during the duration of the #or+ in the area$ 8ehicles should not &e par+ed #ithin the location perimeter$ deuate par+ing facilities #ill need to &e provided provided outside outside the location$ location$ 6efore 6efore enterin entering g a location) vehic vehicle le drivers drivers should report report to the site supervisor for instructions$ n location vehicle speeds shall &e limited to #al+ing pace$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

('


(..%

Camp sites

%n remote operating areas #here there is no accepta&le local accommodation) it is necessary to provide camp facilities to house operations staff) cre#s and other contractor personnel$ Provided &elo# are topics directly associated #ith drilling camp construction) layout and operation) #hich technical ,SE audits highlight as reuiring particular attention$ ccess control at the camp site should provide provide immediate immediate informat information ion for ne#co ne#comers mers or visitors visitors to inform them( them( •

#here to par+ their vehicles

•

#here to report their arrival and nature of &usiness

•

#ho #ill &rief ne#comers=visitors on site rules) ha*ards and emergency response in case of alarm$

The person often designated the a&ove duties is the camp &oss or the medic$

=uel stora&e 9uel storage shall &e segregated a#ay from the general accommodation area and adeuately mar+ed #ith ha*ard signs and cautionary notices .e$g$ 'no smo+ing'/$ 9uel tan+s should &e &unded and situated on the lo# side of the location so that fluid run-off #ill &e directed a#ay$

E7plosives and radioactive sources E2plosives and radioactive sources) together #ith any other ha*ardous su&stances) shall not &e +ept at the camp site) &ut in defined defined and separate areas at the rig site$ This res triction relates to security as #ell as health and safety aspects of ha*ardous su&stance storage$

Potable $ater Pota&le #ater shall &e regularly chec+ed for possi&le contamination and) if stored in tan+s) shall &e chemically treated to prevent gro#th of potentially harmful organisms$ here tests indicate that #ater supply is unsuita&le for human consumption) &ottled #ater from a relia&le source shall &e provided$

=ood stora&e 9ood storage) handling) preparation and messing facilities shall &e controlled &y regular inspections$ Such inspections shall &e made at least #ee+ly &y the medic and camp &oss$ The uality of these inspections should &e periodically verified &y contractor management and specialists$ The medic=medical officer shall &e responsi&le responsi&le for verificatio verification n of adeuate adeuate health health chec+s chec+s for catering staff) particularly those those engaged engaged in food handling$

=ire e7tin&uishers 9ire e2tinguishers shall &e provided for all accommodation units including +itchens) mess room) recreation rooms) clinic and radio room .if applica&le/$ 9urther fire fighting facilities shall &e provided around fuel tan+s) vehicle par+ing areas and the camp generator$

(*


: Preparation

=ire drills 9ire drills in the camp site shall &e held at least during every cre# #or+ cycle and shall involve all personnel personnel at the camp site) site) including including su&contractors) su&contractors) visitors and catering catering personnel$ personnel$ 7euired 7euired response response to the general and fire alarm.s/ shall &e +no#n &y all personnel on site$ Drills held in the camp must &e reported) and deficiencies #hich are noted shall &e corrected$ They should &e co-ordinated #ith muster drills at the rig site so that the adeuacy of the system #hich accounts for the #herea&outs of personnel can &e chec+ed$

Electrical systems Electrical systems in the camp shall comply #ith a recognised standard$ ll lighting) heating and accommodation po#er circuits shall &e fully protected &y all or a com&ination of the follo#ing( •

miniature circuit &rea+er .6/) #ith thermal magnetic over-current release

•

fuses

•

overload trip s#itches

•

30 m earth lea+age circuit &rea+er .E<6/

9ull earthing shall &e provided) verified and documented$ n earthed system is considered accepta&le for temporary purposes) if the resistance &et#een ground and any part of the earth system is ma2imum !>0 ohms and the system is protected #ith a 300 m residual current operated circuit &rea+er .76/$ 4ote8 !>0 ohms is derived from 7 e H% I C #here(

-

7 e is the earth electrode resistance)

-

% is the the ma2 ma2im imum um lea+a ea+age ge curr curren entt .300 .300 m m as spec specif ifie ied d in in DEP DEP 33$> 33$>4$! 4$!0$ 0$!0 !0 -

-

C is the the safe touch touch voltag voltagee .50 8 ma2im ma2imum/ um/$$

ppe ppend ndi2 i2 5/

n earth resistance of much less than !>0 ohms) typically 4 ohms) can usually &e o&tained easily #ith t#o or more electrodes$ ny type of conducting material should prove sufficient for the electrodes) though copper is preferred$ The opportunity should &e ta+en to place earth electrodes around the camp) especially in the vicinity of ma1or electrical loads$ Po#er distri&ution ca&les shall &e C8 protected if strung a&ove ground and if &uried shall &e contained in a mar+ed conduit) other#ise armoured ca&le shall &e used$ %t is recommended that follo#ing the arrival of a camp to a ne# area or venture) a full inspection of the electrical generation and distri&ution system is carried out &y a specialist) so that adeuate protection) earthing and operating standards can &e verified$ udits have indicated a high incidence of potentially dangerous electrical systems in seismic and drilling camps$ This topic therefore deserves particular attention$

Access Access around the camp al+#ays connecting the mess room.s/ accommodation units #ith a&lution facilities should &e +ept clean) clear of o&structions and #here possi&le dry$
EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

(


Medical 1acilities The clinic is the usual &ase for the medic and is normally situated at the camp site$ %n case of emergency call-out it is essential that adeuate means of communication e2ist &et#een camp site and rig$ Transportation for the medic shall also &e availa&le :4 hours per day) as shall a vehicle suita&le for carrying a patient on a stretcher from the rig site to the clinic$ %n remote areas the provision of a helipad should &e considered$ here this is not a via&le proposition) the provision of a doctor and facilities to sta&ilise and treat patients during the period needed to evacuate) should &e considered$

Security %n areas #here security ris+s are an identified ha*ard) advice) either from the local authorities or from ;roup security advisers) should &e sought$

(."

Preparation #11shore

(.".

3ocation pr preparation o1 o11shore

%nformation is reuired a&out meteorological and oceanographic data of the area in #hich drilling #ill ta+e place to esta&lish the type of rig most suita&le for the economic completion of the drilling programme$ programme$ Seismic surveys surveys provide provide data concernin concerning g #ater depth) depth) sea &ed topography topography and soil soil conditio conditions ns and in the ma1ority of cases #ill provide sufficient information to indicate the pro&a&le presence or a&sence of shallo# gas .see 3$5$!) 'Site selection'/$ Such information is considered adeuate for operations #ith vessels such as drillships and semi-su&mersi&les$ 6ottom supported rigs .1ac+ ups/ reuire a more detailed location investigation #hich may include sea&ed coring and sampling to esta&lish data on leg penetration penetration and the the adeuacy adeuacy of the surface strata to support the vessel vessel and avoid avoid punch punch through$ through$

(."."

Structural inte&rity o1 9ac 9ac;,ups ups

Site speci1ic assessment The ;roup position is descri&ed in the report 'arine Safety of o&ile ffshore Cnits' .7ef$ !4/$ !4/$ %n accordance #ith this) it is Shell practice to perform a site specific assessment for each 1ac+-up prior to contract a#ard and for each location thereafter #here conditions significantly differ$ The primary o&1ective of the assessment is to ensure a level of structural relia&ility of the 1ac+-up in elevated condition) #hich is compara&le #ith fi2ed platforms$ The verification of the structural adeuacy of a 1ac+-up involves three +ey activities( •

site specific structural analysis

•

condition assessment

•

condition monitoring$

The first t#o activities .structural analysis and condition assessment/ shall &e completed &efore a#ard of contract and=or prior to mo&ilisation$ ondition monitoring should prefera&ly &e the continuation of contractor's normal practice) &ut shall commence at least at mo&ilisation and should continue until completion of the operations$

(/


: Preparation

Site speci1ic structural analysis anal ysis The site specific structural analysis aims to chec+ that the 1ac+-up theoretical strength) &ased on assumptions regarding the condition of the 1ac+-up structure) conforms to S%EP criteria$ The S%EP practice for site specific specific structural analysis of 1ac+-ups is descri&ed descri&ed in in the docum document ent 'Practice for the Site Specific ssessment of ac+-up Cnits' .7ef$ !5/ !5/ and in a similar report #hich has &een made availa&le to drilling contractors$ The practice provides guidance on the recommended analysis procedures and acceptance criteria$ %t addresses the +ey failure modes of a 1ac+-up in elevated condition such as overturning sta&ility) structural failure .leg strength) pinion=rac+ choc+ overload/ and foundation failure$ The site specific analysis may &e carried out in-house or &y a consultant) &ut shall &e carried out in accordance #ith the a&ove referenced document$ 7euired data include 1ac+-up structural data .usually o&tained from the drilling contractor during tendering/ and site specific data including #ater depth) 50year return period storm #ind) #ave and current) sea&ed) and soils data$ Some of the same information #ill also &e used to assess overall safety conditions such as sea&ed ha*ards .e$g$ old footprints) pipelines) etc/) drilling ha*ards) or presence of shallo# gas$

Condition assessment and monitorin& The condition assessment is to validate the analysis results &y confirming that the actual condition of the 1ac+-up structure is in line line #ith the the assumptions made made in the the site specific specific structural analysis$ %f significant significant differences should &e detected then a re-analysis may &e reuired$ ondition monitoring aims to provide early #arning of any significant reduction in the 1ac+-ups structural integrity during the operations #ith the 1ac+-up$ onitoring may &e of special importance if the 1ac+-up #ill &e used for a long periodJ typically more than one year) &e it on one or more than one location$ The engineering reuirements and scope of #or+ for 1ac+-up condition assessment and condition monitoring are summarised in the document 'ac+-up Structure ondition ssessment and ondition onitoring' .7ef$ !>/ !>/ This information has also &een pu&lished in !""! as SPE=%D paper num&er :!"@" 'S%EP Practice for Site Specific Structural 9itness for Purpose ssessme ssessment nt of ac+-up 7igs' .7ef$ !@/ !@/ and therefore is availa&le to drilling contractors$ %n general terms condition assessment .and su&seuent condition monitoring/ should address certification) general condition of the structure) the condition of leg-hull interface) leg spud can connection and aspects of the spud can foundation$ onfirmation is needed that there is no structural damage) that topside #eight is in accordance #ith operations manual and that level of corrosion and marine gro#th do not e2ceed prescri&ed limits$ Signs of deterioration) such as ma1or mechanical damage .from accidentsJ local overload/) e2isting fatigue crac+s and severe corrosion are relevant and shall &e recorded for future reference$ %t is noted that significant deterioration of components #hich are not essential for the ultimate strength of the 1ac+-up may not &e of importance #hen deciding if a 1ac+-up structure is accepta&le$ E2isting inspection=maintenance records held &y the drilling contractor should &e the primary source of information$ dditional data may &e o&tained from a general visual inspection) #hich is usually carried out in con1unction #ith the drilling) marine) aviation and ,SE audits$ %n some cases) there may &e a reuirement for an additional detailed inspection &y a third party consultant$ These inspection=monitoring activities should &e carried out &y the contractor and verified &y Shell$ %t should &e recognised that the contractor is responsi&le for maintaining his unit at a minimum accepta&le level as specified in the contract and as reuired to remain in class$ ondition monitoring &y Shell may inadvertently ta+e on the assumption of lia&ilities assigned to the contractor in the contract and should &e avoided$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

(+


!ndustry &uideline and recommended practice  1oint industry pro1ect to develop an industry practice for the site specific assessment of 1ac+-ups is nearing completion$ The #or+ is carried out &y the %ndustry or+ ;roup #ith representatives from the complete spectrum of the offshore industry$ S%EP .EPD=5!/ are representing Shell on this or+ ;roup$ The industry practice #ill consist of t#o documents) i$e$ ;uideline and 7ecommended Practice$ The guideline titled 'Society of ?aval rchitects and arine Engineers .S?E/ Technical and 7esearch 6ulletin 5-5' .7ef$ !F/ !F/ descri&es the philosophy for site specific assessment of 1ac+-ups and is in complete agreement #ith ;roup practice$ urrently the 1oint industry pro1ect is finalising the recommended practice #hich #ill contain the detailed engineering procedures and acceptance criteria$ %t is scheduled that this document #ill &e pu&lished in ay !""4$

(.". (.".% %

Prec Precon ontr trac actt asse assess ssme ment nt o1 o1 semi semi,s ,sub ubme mers rsib ible les s and and dril drilll ship ships s

The S%EP position on the su&1ect is descri&ed in 'arine Safety of o&ile ffshore Cnits' .7ef$ !4/ !4/ and covers &oth semi-su&mersi&les and drill ships$ %n accordance #ith this document) +ey features of the vessel should &e assessed prior to contract to ensure that it has an adeuate level of structural relia&ility to carry out the intended function at the selected location$ The follo#ing aspects are important to the structural relia&ility of semi-su&mersi&les and drill ships(

Stability and reserve buoyancy The vessel shall have adeuate sta&ility and reserve &uoyancy to remain afloat and upright #ith its reuired payload in the anticipated environmental conditions) even after sustaining a certain amount of damage$ %t should &e noted in this respect that damage sta&ility reuirements have &ecome more stringent over time in response to accidents &ut older vessels are rarely forced to comply$ The fact that a vessel is classified does not mean it meets the latest criteria$ The sta&ility characteristics of a vessel should &e assessed in relation to the ma2imum intended loading condition$

Structural stren&th ost modern vessels are designed for #orld service and so are designed #ith adeuate strength$ ,o#ever) some older semi-su&mersi&les may only &e suita&le for mild environments$ Degradation of design strength through corrosion) damage or fatigue crac+ing is the main structural threat to all semi-su&mersi&les and drill ships and reuires assessment$

Station ;eepin& The station +eeping performance of a vessel) &y dynamic positioning or more usually an anchoring system) depends on the environmental conditions) the #ater depth and the soil conditions at the selected location$ This should &e assessed on a site specific &asis although this need not &e on a per #ell &asis if the conditions over the #hole area of a drilling campaign are considered together$ nalysis of the anchoring pattern and assessment of the condition of the anchoring euipment are &oth reuired$ The reuirements for mooring of mo&ile units are given in the document 'ooring Standards for o&ile Cnits' .7ef$ !" .7ef$ !"/$ /$

:allast control system The &allast control system is vital to the safe operation of semi-su&mersi&les$ Significant improvements have &een made in systems of modern vessels &ut not all older vessels have &een made to comply #ith

'-


: Preparation

these more stringent reuirements$ 6allast systems designed to the latest code reuirements shall &e stipulated in all ne# contracts$ ost semi-su&mersi&les and drill ships are classified #ith one of the ma1or classification societies and) in con1unction #ith the vessel o#ner) they monitor the condition of the vessel in respect of the aspects mentioned a&ove$ These inspection=maintenance=repair records should &e the primary source of information in assessing a vessel and shall &e made availa&le for inspection &y Shell$ dditional data can &e o&tained from a general visual inspection) #hich may &e carried out in con1unction #ith the drilling) marine) aviation and ,SE inspections) &y an appropriate specialist$ %n some circumstances) for e2ample if the vessel is old or the e2isting records are of a poor uality) there may &e a need for a further more detailed inspection$ The onus to provide a site specific anchoring analysis sho#ing compliance #ith current codes) together #ith evidence of satisfactory sta&ility characteristics) should &e placed on the drilling contractor in consultation #ith the relevant classification society or certifying authority$ Similarly) inspection) monitoring and repair activities to maintain the vessel at a safe and satisfactory standard are the responsi&ility of the contractor and so should &e underta+en &y the contractor in consultation #ith the classification society$ Shell's primary role should &e one of verification &ut may include independent inspections$ The classification societies have standards #hich differ in some aspects &et#een themselves and also change #ith time$ hilst there is a movement to#ards harmonisation of standards in the industry) this has not yet &een achieved$ onseuently S%EP may &e consulted) if reuired) to advise on appropriate standards for the integrity assessment of semi-su&mersi&les and drill ships$  draft procedures guide for the Safety and %ntegrity ssessment of DCs is availa&le from S%EP$

(.".(

Tender assisted operations

ffshore tender drilling and #or+over operations are no longer limited to areas #hich are environmentally &enign) &enign) i$e$ minor minor e2pectation e2pectation of prolon prolonged ged periods of of severe severe #eather #eather conditions$ conditions$ Tender Tender assisted operations are also used in ?orth Sea type environments al&eit #ith semi su&mersi&le tenders$ ,o#ever) in all cases #ater depths should &e compati&le #ith feasi&le anchor ca&le length and reuired anchor patterns$ Dec+ space and load load capacity are limited$ limited$ 8essel sta&ility shall shall remain remain a controlled controlled operating operating parameter$ parameter$ Emergency response plans in case of severe #eather) platform fire and damage control in the event of a collision shall &e in place$ ll tenders should have emergency anchor release capa&ility #hich can &e controlled from the 6argemaster's or Toolpusher's office$ 6efore commencing operations on a ne# platform the anchor release mechanisms should &e verified as functioning correctly$ Similarly the remote platform=#ell shutdo#n function shall also &e tested as #ell as the &ridge=um&ilical release system if used$ The remote 6P control panel on the tender shall &e tested as part of the normal 6P test routine$ ther emergency functions commonly activated from the 6argemaster's or Toolpusher's office are the generator shutdo#n and the air fans to the generator and mud room areas of the &arge$ These should also &e tested as part of fire drills$ drills$ %t is the responsi&ility of the % to ensure that at all times there are personnel availa&le to launch and operate the life&oats should the need arise for a general evacuation$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

'


(.%

Materials Procurement

(.%.

Ha5ard data

Prior to the use of any material) particularly mud chemicals and cementing materials) aterial Specification Data Sheets shall &e o&tained from the supplier and the product assessed for to2icity and the reuirement for any special handling precautions$ The medic shall &e euipped to deal #ith in1uries to personnel personnel arising out out of the use of of all materials on site$

(.%."

!nspection

The reuirements for inspection of materials and euipment to &e procured for an operation should &e considered prior to ordering and the inspection programme clearly stated on the order$ Shell Kuality and %nspection 7euirement .SK%7/ e2ists for many items of drilling euipment and materials and should &e specified on purchase orders$ nly genuine spare parts) purchased from original euipment manufacturers or their authorised agents) should &e used for the maintenance or refur&ishment of safety critical euipment$

(.%.%

Stac;in& and stora&e

%ncorrect stac+ing of tu&ulars and sac+ materials is the cause of many accidents on site$ asing rac+ loading) particularly on land sites) shall &e carefully considered to avoid su&sidence and hence insta&ility$ deuate strength dunnage and nailed-in choc+s at the end of each ro# are important$ The stac+ing and de-stac+ing of pallets in the correct manner should &e planned and only pallets in good condition used$ The operation of for+ lift truc+s shall &e restricted to designated personnel #ho have demonstra demonstrated ted competence$

(.(

Transportation o1 Materials and E)uipment

(.(.

Road transport

 significantly high proportion of all accidents in EP operations) including drilling operations) are directly related to incidents involving vehicles$ To address this pro&lem) a strict 1ourney management system should &e implemented$ ;uidelines for developing such a system are pu&lished in EP "5-0:>0
'7oad Safety anagement' .7ef$ :0/ :0/

•

'Seat 6elts' .7ef$ :!/$ :!/$

7euired driving s+ills #ill depend on the local environment and may include considerations such as desert terrain) dust) ice) fog) #ater crossings) etc$ %t is recommended therefore that prior to commencing operations) all ompany and contractor drivers should attend defensive driving courses addressing local ha*ards and on-road=off-road driving regulations and techniues$ %f su&contractors such as caterers) civil engineering contractors) etc are utilised) they should also &e included in the training scheme as a contractual o&ligation$

'"


: Preparation

ompliance #ith ompany driving rules shall &e verified &y the contract holder through spot chec+s and audits$ ompliance chec+s should include( •

revie# of maintenance practices

•

o&servation of speed limits

•

day=night driving limitations

•

the use of seat &elts for front and rear seats

•

minimum hard#are reuirements in place) e$g$ first aid &o2) fire e2tinguisher) roll &ar) etc

•

radio communication system in good #or+ing order

•

installation of tachographs to monitor speed) etc

•

verification of driver ualification reuirements

• •

1ourney monitoring=lo onitoring=loggin gging g alarm conditions and emergency response plans$

(.(."

Sea transport

The transport of materials and euipment &y sea shall &e carried out only &y vessels specifically designed for the purpose$ Safe unloading operations can only ta+e place if the vessel has &een correctly loaded$ This is the responsi&ility of the aster$ 7esponsi&ility for material transfer operations rest #ith the 6arge aster on the rig and the aster on the vessel$ ith regard to the advisa&ility to conduct such operations during adverse #eather conditions) the aster's decision shall &e final #ith respect to the safety of his vessel and cre#$ c re#$

(.(.%

Air transport

viation operations are audited and approved &y Shell ircraft
(.(.(

Ri& movin& on land

 detailed rig move plan shall &e prepared &y the drilling contractor #hich addresses personnel reuirements) euipment reuirements) responsi&ilities and contingency plans$ %n areas #here contractors do not move their o#n rigs) responsi&ilities=accounta&ilities of ompany transport services shall &e defined prior to moving operations ta+ing place$ deuate provisions shall &e made for( •

location=road surveys

•

rig-moving vehicles

•

craneage

•

fuel tan+ers

•

ha*ardous loads

•

for+ lifts

•

personnel personnel vehicl vehicles es

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

'%


•

repair facilities facilities

•

supervisory staff

•

communication

•

emergency emergency response res ponse

•

escorts$

During rig moves) the drilling contractor should have a senior supervisor at &oth the old and ne# locations to ensure the safe loading and unloading of vehicles$ These supervisors should &e in radio contact #ith each other so that information on a#+#ard loads or special handling precautions can &e communicated$ 7oad and load safety matters should &e addressed and included in the drilling tender and contract documents$ Police escorts may &e reuired for traffic control$ %n populated areas there may &e local rules and regulations #hich should &e o&served$ 7efer also to EP "5-0:>0
(.(.'

Ri& movin& o11shore

Prior to a rig move all participating parties) i$e$ ompany) drilling contractor) surveyors) vessel masters .if possi&le/ and rig mover mover .to#master/ .to#master/ shall hold hold a meetin meeting g to discuss and agree agree on procedures) procedures) pro&lems pro&lems li+ely to &e encountered) operational matters and responsi&ilities$  detailed rig move plan shall &e prepared and should outline such aspects as( •

move programme) contingency plan) responsi&ilities

•

#eather forecast

•

sea &ed survey

•

surveying method

•

rig position on ne# location

•

anchor pattern and test tension

•

pennant pennant and chaser com&ination com&inationss

•

communications responsi&ilities

•

selection of anchor handling tugs$

hen moving on to producing facilities) #ell close-in and production shutdo#n reuirements shall &e discussed and agreed &y production and drilling staff$ 8erification prior to move-on shall &e via a documented handover handover procedure$ p rocedure$ During anchor handling operations) the cre# on the dec+ of the rig and anchor handling vessels shall &e +ept to a minimum and cre# mem&ers shall &e positioned to minimise the ris+ of in1ury should there &e an euipment failure$ 9ailures of very heavy hoo+s and anchor pennant lines have resulted in fatalities$ ,ydraulic release mechanisms .shar+ 1a#s/ should &e used #herever possi&le instead of pelican hoo+s$ nchors shall &e laid in such a #ay as to avoid any possi&ility of damaging pipelines or any su&sea euipment either during anchoring or su&seuent operations$

'(


: Preparation

9ollo#ing a rig move) a report should &e made to provide an analysis of all aspects of the move) a log of events including #eather conditions and a list of recommendations on procedures and euipment performance$ performance$ The The rig mover mover should should note note any matter that could could lead to a safer and improv improved ed metho method d of #or+$ 7efer also to report 'ffshore 7ig ove and nchor ,andling perations' .7ef$ ::/ ::/ and EP "5-0:>0
EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

''


'

E8!PMENT

'.

Maintenance

%t is in the interest of safety and the prevention of time loss to ensure that all the euipment is properly maintained$ Spare parts for euipment essential for the safe operation of the rig shall &e carried &y the drilling contractor$ The contractor shall give an underta+ing to use the original euipment manufacturer's spare parts or those from a supplier approved approved &y the the manufacturer$ manufacturer$ 9ollo#ing commencement of the contract) the effectiveness of the contractor's programme for preventive maintenance of the rig euipment should &e evaluated &y selective verification$ hen precontract audits are performed on rigs .generally &y third party consultants/) the effectiveness of the preventive maintenance system .PS/ should &e part of the scope of #or+$ ll items of euipment in the rig's asset register shall &e included in the PS$

'."

Ha5ardous ones

'.".

Ha5ardous 5o 5one classi1ication

,a*ardous *one classification is aimed at reducing the ris+ of fire or e2plosion &y +eeping ignition sources out of areas #here com&usti&le gas release or accumulation of gas is possi&le$ Such areas include the #ellhead) #ellhead cellar) &ell nipple and mud treatment systems$ 8arious systems of ha*ardous area classification e2ist$ The system adopted and recommended &y S%EP is 'rea lassification ode for Petroleum %nstallations' .7ef$ :3/$ :3/$ This %nstitute of Petroleum .%P/ code should &e ta+en as the &asis for ignition control criteria used in rig selection) euipment specification and ha*ardous *one dimensions$ Some essential elements of the code are presented in ppendi2 %8$ nother system of ha*ardous *one classification is &ased on 'lassification of reas for Electrical %nstallations at Drilling 7igs and Production 9acilities on
'.". ."."

#per #pera ation ion o1 o1 die dies sel en&i en&ine nes s in in ha5 ha5ar ardo dous us 5on 5ones

The Shell standard reference used for operating diesel engines in ha*ardous *ones is contained in the '7ecommendations for the Protection of Diesel Engines perating in ,a*ardous reas' .7ef$ !3/ !3/ pu&lished pu&lished on &ehalf &ehalf of the the %nstitute of Petroleum$ Petroleum$ The recomm recommendati endations ons contained contained in in this docume document nt #ere formulated to provide for the protection of diesel engines #hen used in potentially ha*ardous *ones #ithin the petroleum and petrochemical industries$ Details are provided in ppendi2 8$ 8$

'*


5 E?uip0ent

'.".%

Electrical sa sa1ety in ha ha5ar 5ardous ous 5o 5ones

There are many different systems of electrical euipment classification and certification$ 9or the purpose of uniformity and standardisation the European .E?E
the type of protection shall &e compati&le #ith the ha*ardous *one classification

•

the surface temperatures of the apparatus shall &e lo#er than the ignition temperature of the gas and vapours that #ill &e encountered

•

the apparatus construction shall &e a&le to #ithstand the environmental conditions$

'.%

Personal Protective E)uipment

The selection of Personal Protective Euipment .PPE/ ta+es account of ris+s to health &ased on +no#ledge of the ha*ard and assessment of the e2posure #hich can &e) for e2ample( •

pro1ectile or sharp or a&rasive o&1ect direct) a pro1ectile

•

chemical) an irritant) carcinogen carcinogen or sensitiser

•

physical) noise) radiation) temperature e2tremes) vi&ration) electrical or light

•

biological) fungal$

The ha*ard may &e in the form of gas) vapour) mist) dust) fumes) liuid) solid) high or lo# temperature) radiation or under pressure$ 6ased on the ha*ard and ris+s) consideration is reuired concerning the degree of protection needed for special situations$ The follo#ing general rules #ill apply to all rigs( •

all persons shall #ear safety headgear) foot#ear and eye protection outside the accommodation .offshore/ or on the rig site .land/

•

anyone #or+ing over the side of an offshore rig shall #ear a life vest

•

anyone #or+ing more than > ft .: m/ a&ove a floor level shall #ear a safety &elt firmly anchored a&ove them to chec+ a fall$

%n addition special euipment such as &reathing apparatus shall &e reuired for firefighting and in to2ic atmospheres .e$g$ , S/$ : 9ull details for the selection of PPE are contained in 'Personal Protective Euipment ;uide' .7ef$ :5/$ :5/$ The reuirement for the provision of &reathing apparatus for use in atmospheres containing , S are given : in >$5$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

'


'.(

Drillin& E)uipment

'.(.

Dra$$or;s sa1ety

ccidents still occur from guards not &eing replaced after repairs or maintenance of dra##or+s and rotary ta&le gears$ ll necessary guards shall &e replaced after completion of maintenance #or+$ ll dra##or+s shall &e fitted #ith a secondary &ra+ing device .e$g$ eddy current or hydromatic/$ Dra##or+s fitted #ith an eddy current &ra+e .e$g$ Elmagco/ should have an au2iliary po#ered &ac+-up supply in the event of a main po#er failure$ n emergency stop device shall &e provided for the dra##or+s) #ithin easy reach of the Driller$ This device shall &e tested regularly$ There shall al#ays &e a sufficient num&er of #raps of hoisting line remaining on the drum to eliminate any strain &eing transmitted directly to the fastening device$ The minimum #raps for a given dra##or+s is given in the manufacturer's operating manual$ The installation of a top drive #ill reuire additional #raps$ Past incidents involving &ra+e handle and &ra+e lin+age failure indicate the need for a rigorous inspection schedule) including ?DT) of the main dra##or+s &ra+e$ ain &ra+e failures have also occurred due to the failure of the &ra+e cooling system$ 9itting a flo# sensor and temperature alarm to the cooling #ater return line is recommended$ s a minimum) loss of cooling #ater pressure should &e indicated &y an audio-visual alarm on the Driller's console$  lo# level alarm on the cooling #ater tan+ is recommended$

'.(."

Pulsation da dampeners

Char&in& o1 pulsation dampeners , hi&h pressure dischar&e Safety precautions peculiar to this 1o&( •

a permit-to-#or+ should &e used for this operation

•

ensure charging gas is nitrogen) if necessary &y using a porta&le analyser

•

nitrogen &ottles are painted in a distinctive colour scheme that ma+es identification positive$ The &ody of the &ottle should &e grey #ith the top and shoulders painted &lac+

•

a pressure regulator shall &e installed on the &ottle

•

clear vicinity of non-involved personnel &efore charging

•

follo# the recommended instructions from the pulsation dampener manufacturer$

Char&in& o1 pulsation dampeners , lo$ pressure mud pump suction Pulsation dampeners on the suction side of mud pumps are rarely used and generally considered unnecessary #hen a charging pump is incorporated in the system$ %f they are used the follo#ing points should &e noted( •

never use high pressure nitrogen) or any other compressed gas to charge a suction .lo# pressure/ dampener unit$  foot pump is preferred

•

isolate the pump and mud suction system

•

use a permit-to-#or+ for this operation

•

ensure that the lo# pressure mud suction relief valve is set open

'/


5 E?uip0ent

•

follo# pulsation dampener manufacturer's instructions for charging the dampener unit$

'.(.%

Relie1 valves

The high pressure mud pump discharge piping is protected &y means of high pressure relief valves$ The discharge lines should &e a minimum of 3M diameter) constructed from high pressure pipe and slope do#n#ards to facilitate drainage$ Scre#ed valves should &e phased out and replaced #ith a flanged type$

'.'

Derric;s and Masts

'.'.

Erection e)uipment

inches) gin poles and other erection euipment) together #ith #ire ropes) shall &e re-certified on a si2 monthly &asis and visually inspected prior to use$  record shall &e +ept of the inspections$ Ensure that the loads are #ithin the safe #or+ing load of the slings and other euipment in use$

'.'."

Derric; an and ma mast in inspection

Derric+s and masts shall &e thoroughly inspected after erection and &efore lo#ering to verify that no mem&ers are distorted and all &olts are tightly in place and euipped #ith suita&le loc+ #ashers$ This inspection should ensure that no mem&er has &een installed in a manner that #ill impair the safety of the derric+$ Telescoping masts shall &e inspected to verify that all the loc+ing devices are in place &efore transferring the load from the raising system$ During inspection use should &e made of the '7eport of 8isual 9ield %nspection of Derric+ or ast and Su&structure' .7ef$ :>/$ :>/$

'.'.%

Derric; loadin&

Eccentric loading of a derric+ should &e avoided$ %f) &ecause of uneual settling of derric+ corners) the centre of the #ater ta&le #hen drilling #ith rotary tools) does not line up #ith the centre of the #ell) the condition should &e corrected &y inserting shims at the lo# corners of the derric+$  cro#n &loc+ shall never &e shifted off centre to correct for derric+ misalignment unless such movement is small and due care is ta+en to determine the effect it #ill have in reducing the safe #or+ing load of the derric+$ Eccentric application of loads reduces the rating of the derric+ and may ultimately result in derric+ failure$ To &alance further derric+ and mast loading) the dead line and fast line should &e on opposing sides$

'.'.(

=oundations

The &earing capacity of all soils decreases as the moisture content increases$ Proper drainage should &e provided provided and the the foundation foundation inspecte inspected d after heavy rains to ensure that derric+ derric+ corners corners have not not settled uneually) there&y causing the derric+ to &e out of plum&$ ivil engineering advice should al#ays &e sought and matting or concrete pads #ill generally &e used$

'.'.'

Masts

ritten procedures shall &e provided and enforced &y the contractor #hen raising or lo#ering a mast$ The type of #eight indicator used shall indicate the correct num&er of lines strung to the &loc+$
EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

'+


alteration to the securing pins or positive loc+ing mechanisms shall &e made only after authorisation &y the manufacturer and application of change control procedures$ ?o other other #or+ should should &e perform performed ed underneath underneath the the derric+ #hile #hile it is &eing &eing erected erected or dismantled) dismantled) or under the mast #hile it is &eing raised or lo#ered$ The cellar should &e completely covered during these operations$ ells #ithin the mast radius shall &e closed-in and isolated prior to mast raising or lo#ering operations$

'.'.*

6uy lines

;uy lines shall &e used to support the mast as recommended &y the manufacturer$ The strength of the guy lines and au2iliary euipment shall &e in accordance #ith the manufacturer's specification$ %f guying reuirements are not mentioned in the operating procedures or are not +no#n) the mast should &e guyed according to 'Specification for Drilling and ell Servicing Structures' .7ef$ :@/$ :@/$ ;uy lines shall never &e used for aligning the mast$ ;uy lines shall never &e removed during operations and shall &e su&1ected to the same inspection procedures procedures as other #ire rope rope devices$ devices$

'.'.

Escape line and slide

n each operating rig a derric+man's escape line shall &e provided) #ith one end secured to the derric+ or mast near the derric+man's platform and the other end anchored at a point one mast length a#ay from the #ell &ore) in a clear area) #here a derric+man can ma+e a safe landing &y #ay of the line$ .%f possi&le the line should &e strung-out into the prevailing #ind/$

'.'./

Cro$n protection

Every rig shall have a cro#n-o-matic or other similar emergency stop device to prevent hoisting the travelling &loc+ against the cro#n &loc+$ %f tim&er &loc+s are used as shoc+ a&sor&ing devices) ensure that they are secured in such a #ay that impact does not dislodge them$ There e2ists a real ha*ard to the Driller from the rapid do#n#ard movement of the &ra+e handle #hen the cro#n safety device is activated$ umper &ars to prevent drilling line from 1umping out of the cro#n sheaves shall &e installed so that no section more than !00 ° of arc is unprotected$

'.'.+

Deadlin line anchor hor$ei $ei&ht indi ndicator

Deadline anchors for hoisting lines shall &e constructed and installed .&olted=#elded/ such that their strength euals or e2ceeds the #or+ing strength of the hoisting line$ void systems #hich rely on &olts in tension) the system should &e designed such that a &olt failure does not result in the anchor flying$ 7egular chec+s for crac+s and significant corrosion shall &e made to ascertain proper functioning and structural integrity of the euipment$ Precontract and ma1or inspections shall include detailed inspection of the anchor assem&ly$ 9ailure of the #elding of the drilling deadline anchor has occurred during 1arring operations$ ritical #elds or other securing devices shall &e regularly inspected$  #eight indicator shall &e installed on every drilling and #or+over rig and it shall &e maintained such that it registers an accurate indication of the hoo+ load suspended .#ithin 5 per cent at ma2imum hoo+ load/$ The #eight indicator shall &e chec+ed regularly for cali&ration &y comparing its reading #ith the

*-


5 E?uip0ent

calculated drill pipe or tu&ing string #eight$ The load cell gap should &e chec+ed every shift$  closed load cell #ill not indicate additional loading$

'.'. '.'.- Stab Stabbi bin& n& board board Prior to running casing or any other 1o& reuiring the sta&&ing &oard) it shall &e inspected and tested to ensure safe operation$ The follo#ing points should &e chec+ed or o&served( •

a safety harness) attached to a derric+ mem&er a&ove the sta&&er) shall &e #orn on the sta&&ing &oard at all times

•

inspect hoisting system

•

inspect safety stops

•

chec+ emergency &ra+e system

•

ensure no loose o&1ects are left on the &oard

•

never test sta&&ing &oard during other drill floor operations

•

good communication .visual/ is reuired at all times &et#een Driller and sta&&er$

The sta&&ing &oard shall &e regarded) for the purpose of inspection and testing) as lifting euipment$ %t shall &e su&1ected to the same rigorous inspection and certification process as other hoisting euipment) #ith particular attention to its man riding function$ Sta&&ing &oards shall have a positive mechanical loc+ing device in case of hoist failure$ 9riction devices alone are not accepta&le$ Sta&&ing &oards shall &e included in the rig's preventive maintenance procedures$ ontrols of the sta&&ing &oard #inch shall &e fail-safe and of the dead-man type of action$ ny maintenance #or+ done on the sta&&ing &oard shall &e concluded &y a complete system function test to verify that all controls #or+ correctly$ The function testing should &e done under the permit-to-#or+ system$ Some rigs are euipped #ith a so called 'cherry pic+er' #hich is a mechanised pipe handling tool$ This and other types of mechanised systems shall &e included in the preventive maintenance procedures and &e additionally su&1ected to pre-1o& safety chec+s$

'.*

3i1tin& E)uipment

'.*.

6eneral

f all the hard#are su&1ected to inspection during audits) this is the area #here most deficiencies are found$ ll deficiencies are the result of a lac+ of effective control systems$ 6elo# are listed groups of deficiencies #ith recommended recommended controls$ controls $ •

improperly made slings and lifting devices

•

corroded loose lifting euipment

•

loose lifting euipment damaged &y improper use

•

unidentified euipment

•

euipment not su&1ected to inspection

•

damaged euipment accepted for do#nrated use

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

*


•

improperly stored euipment

•

lac+ of effective preventive maintenance systems$

,oisting of heavy euipment) tools and tu&ulars is a ma1or cause of in1uries$ nly e2perienced persons from the rig cre#s should &e authorised to operate hoisting euipment$ The use of 'home-made' lifting gear) unless properly engineered) designed) tested and certified and thereafter regularly inspected) shall &e prohi&ited$ prohi&ited$ ll hoisting euipment shall &e adeuately guarded$ omponents used for lifting such as sheaves) hoo+s) shac+les) #ire slings) etc shall &e mar+ed #ith the safe #or+ing load .S
'.*."

!nspection , &eneral

%nspection of drilling lifting euipment is &ased in part on 'Specification for Drilling and Production ,oisting Euipment' .7ef$ :F/$ :F/$ •

#ee+ly routine visual inspection in assem&led condition

•

thorough cleaning and visual inspection in assem&led condition after every rig move or every month) #hichever comes first

•

?DT inspection inspection in disassem&le disassem&led d condition condition of( A elevators) elevators) lin+s) &ails) lugs spider) spider) slips) tongs tongs every every si2 months months A Lelly) Lelly) +elly-coc+) +elly-coc+) +elly +elly-spinne -spinner) r) and pin pin and &o2 connec connections) tions) every every !: months months A cro#n &loc+ &loc+ )travelling )travelling &loc+) &loc+) hoo+ hoo+ and s#ive s#ivel) l) top drive) heave heave comp compensatory ensatory and deadlin deadlinee anchor every t#o years) depending on service conditions

henever lifting euipment has &een su&1ected to high dynamic loading) e$g$ 1arring or #or+ing stuc+ pipe) imme immediate diate inspectio inspection n is reuired$ reuired$ This also applies to the the derric+ or mast after such operations$ operations$ Particular emphasis should &e given to the inspection of top drive euipment) in accordance #ith the manufacturers recommendations$

'.*. '.*.% %

!nsp !nspec ecti tion on o1 $ire $ire ro rope pe slin slin&s &s?? hoo hoo;s ;s?? sha shac; c;le les s and and $inc $inche hes s

Slin&s Slings should &e tested and tagged on a si2 monthly &asis and mar+ed #ith S< and inspection date$ They shall &e visually inspected &y a competent mem&er of staff &efore all lifting operations$ Slings shall &e re1ected #hen there is( •

severe deformation - #here strands are severely +in+ed or the core is protruding

•

severe #ear - #ear of high points of the sling caused &y dragging the sling across dec+s contri&utes to early &ro+en #ires$  sling #hich has #ires #orn to half normal diameter on high points should &e replaced

*"


5 E?uip0ent

•

termination damage

•

severe corrosion .&e a#are of the possi&ility of internal corrosion/

•

no S< indicated or last inspection date=colour code missing$

Hoo;s and shac;les •

hec+ that the S< is adeuate for the lifts

•

Cse only hoo+s and shac+les mar+ed #ith the S<

•

hec+ shac+le and pin for e2cessive #ear( A ma+e sure that the pin is free) free) &ut not loose loose in the tapped hole$ hole$ Secure pins pins #ith #ire #ire to prevent prevent them vi&rating free A threads of the pin should should &e undamage undamaged d and #ithout #ithout apprecia&le #ear #ear

•

?ever ?ever replace the pin pin of a shac+le shac+le #ith a &olt$ Shac+le Shac+le pins are made made of high high alloy steel) heat heat treated for optimum strength and are a tolerance fit$ 6olts may not &e to the same standard and could fail

•

hec+ shac+le and pin for distortion

•

hec+ alignment of the pin holesJ the untapped hole should not &e too large$

•

hec+ condition of #ire - loo+ for +in+s) &ro+en #ires) flat spots) visi&le core) etc Ensure that #ire runs freely in the mast hec+ condition of eye - a thim&le should &e used$ hec+ condition) spacing and correct installation of &ulldog &ulldog clips

•

hec+ condition and operation of &ra+e - &ra+e rims and &ands shall &e in good condition and the lin+age operating freely$ void &ands &ecoming contaminated #ith oil or mud or #ater

•

hec+ hoo+ and safety catch are in good condition and the s#ivel is operating freely

•

Perform P% inspections on #inch pedestals and securing mechanisms .&olts or #elds/ at si2 monthly intervals

•

inches #ith a free #heeling device should not &e used

•

The safe #or+ing load of the #ire and the #inch securing mechanism shall &e greater than the ma2imum #inch pull .stall at overload/$

'.*.(

Elevators

Cse on the correct si*e and type for the pipe &eing run$ Physically chec+ &y using a 1oint of pipe for the correct lift profile of the elevators$ %nspect latch) hinge pin and &ody for any defects$ 9or single 1oint elevators ensure latch has a retaining split pin in good condition and of the correct si*e) securely attached to the elevator &ody$ &ody$ hec+ that shac+les are not #orn and that nuts have retaining pins - see notes on shac+les$ hec+ pic+-up strops for damage and ma+e sure s#ivel is in good condition - see notes on #ire rope slings$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

*%


'.*.'

Cro$n bl bloc; an and tr travellin& bl bloc;

7egularly chec+ the follo#ing points( •

that the cro#n &loc+ is securely &olted #ith clamps onto the #ater ta&le) complete #ith shaft end clamps to prevent the sheaves from rotating loose from their &earings

•

that 1umper &ars are fitted over the sheaves

•

that #ooden sleepers are secured to the underside of the cro#n and are undamaged$ The retention method shall &e such that impact &y the travelling &loc+ does not dislodge them

•

that there are no loose items at the cro#n &loc+ or travelling &loc+ and the #ater ta&le is clean

•

that compensatory chain guards on the travelling &loc+ are properly fastened #ith safety straps .if applica&le/$

'.*.*

Sa1ety 1actor Safety factor is the ratio &et#een the nominal strength of #ire rope and the calculated load$ 9ield operations indicate that the follo#ing safety factors should &e used$

Minimum safety factor Sand line

3 $0

7otary drilling line

3 $5

ast raising and lo#ering line

: $5

,oisting services other than rotary drilling

3 $0

7otary drilling line #hile running casing

: $5

Drilling line #hilst pulling on stuc+ pipe

: $5

hen a #ire rope is operated close to its minimum safety factor) operating personnel should e2ercise care to minimise shoc+) impact and acceleration or deceleration of loads$

Drillin& line hen slipping or cutting the drilling line) the follo#ing points relating to this operation should &e considered( •

the operation should prefera&ly &e carried out #hen the &it is inside the casing) near shoe depth on the trip in$ This is to ensure that the ma2imum amount of pipe is in the hole) should the #ell start to flo#$ t this stage the #ell has &een o&served sta&le during most of the trip

•

slipping the &loc+ line shall never &e carried out during any of the follo#ing conditions( A drill pipe pipe out of hole hole on a non-cased non-cased #ell A drill pipe pipe is in open open hole hole

• • •

a +elly coc+ in the open position shall &e installed &efore &efore starting) the drill floor floor shall &e cleared cleared of all personnel personnel not not associated #ith the the operation safety harnesses shall &e #orn &y persons #or+ing on the travelling &loc+

*(


5 E?uip0ent

•

during slipping use the dead line anchor &ra+e$ hile cutting the line) the travelling &loc+ shall &e hung off or other#ise secured

•

slipping and cutting operations shall al#ays &e supervised &y the Driller on shift$ lose inspection &y the Driller of end clamps on the fast line and dead line anchor clamp euipment is mandatory$ There shall &e no delegation of this tas+ to staff of lesser e2perience and responsi&ility$

The drilling line should &e su&1ected to a systematic slip and cut programme$ fter this operation) the cro#n-o-matic shall &e reset and tested$ The recommended slip=cut procedures are given in the Driller's ,and&oo+ issued &y S%EP Training Division .,7T,=5/ to all drilling staff$

'.*.

Catlines and catheads

atheads shall not &e used as #inches as the S< of the lifting rope cannot &e accurately assessed or easily controlled$ Derric+-floor mounted air #inches should &e used$

'.*./

Man ridin& $inches

inches used for the transportation of personnel shall &e euipped #ith an automatic fail safe &ra+e and have non-rotating #ire rope in good condition installed$ ertification of the #inch for man riding is reuired and the #inch shall &e so mar+ed$ an riding #inches are used to move personnel to other#ise inaccessi&le places &oth a&ove and &elo# the rotary ta&le$ ny other operation #hich may interfere #ith the movement of the #inch) i$e$ hoisting or rotating) shall &e discontinued until the operation involving the use of the #inch is completed$ The #inch shall &e under the control of a fully competent mem&er of the cre# instructed on the correct procedures procedures to &e follo# follo#ed ed and the the safety precautions precautions to &e o&served$ o&served$ hen using a &osun's chair) a safety &elt shall &e #orn and attached to the #inch #ire at a level independent of the chair$ ;ood communication is reuired at all time$ This may reuire the use of radios and the placement of an o&server in a position #here the safety of the operation can &e effectively monitored$ .e$g$ at the mon+ey &oard level #here the height of the operation effects the 1udgement of the #inch operator/$ ?on-routine operations shall &e carried out under the permit-to-#or+ system$ 7outine operations can &e classified as follo#s( •

#or+ in general up to : m .> ft/ a&ove rig floor

•

#or+ on +elly and s#ivel) #hen set &ac+ in its sca&&ard

•

installation of circulation head for casing) liners) etc

•

upper +elly coc+ operation &elo# !: m .40 ft/

•

operations associated #ith #ireline lu&ricators

ll other operations are non-routine and #ill reuire a #or+ permit$

'.

:lo$out Preventers @:#P

6lo#out prevention euipment shall &e installed) tested and operated in line #ith the latest version of the 'Pressure ontrol anual for Drilling and or+over perations' .7ef$ 5/$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

*'


The 6P stac+ in use shall &e pressure tested initially &efore drilling out of the casing shoe and thereafter #ee+ly$ Should a seuence of successful tests indicate that greater confidence can &e placed in the stac+ and control euipment) then the testing interval can &e e2tended up to a ma2imum of t#o #ee+s$ ater) not mud) shall &e used for testing 6P stac+s$ ll pipe fittings) valves and unions placed on or connected to &lo#out prevention euipment) #ell casings) casing head housing) drill pipe or tu&ing shall have a #or+ing pressure rating at least euivalent to that of the component to #hich it is fitted$ Drilling or #or+over operations shall not proceed until &lo#out prevention prevention euipm euipment ent is found found to &e servicea&le servicea&le &y visual inspection inspection and and appropriate pressure testing$ testing$ Suita&le lifting euipment to handle 6Ps is essential$ 6ridge crane) overhead crane or lifting rings #ith ca&le attachments shall &e properly designed and functional$ or+ing platforms should &e &uilt around the 6P stac+$ Safety lines) safety nets and #or+ vests shall &e used as appropriate during 6P handling$ 9or any operation it is recommended( •

to verify that records of maintenance) &oth scheduled and unscheduled) are +ept in a 6P history file

•

to ensure that the manufacturer's 6P operating manual is follo#ed and no alterations are made to the 6P euipment #ithout #ritten approval from the manufacturer

•

to ensure that only original original manufacturer's manufacturer's spares s pares are a re used on 6Ps$

'.. ..

Reco Recomm mmen enda dati tion ons s spe speci1ic i1ic to subs subsea ea :#Ps :#Ps

ll drilling units #ith a su&sea stac+ should have a Su&sea Engineer #ho is responsi&le for maintenance) etc$ ,e should also &e in possession of a current #ell control certificate$ hen failure of the 6P euipment or its control system is detected) operations shall cease for repairs$ hen using 78s to assist #ith 6P operation) confirm that the 78 is fully functional &efore the 1o& starts and that all personnel involved are fully &riefed on 1o& reuirements$

'.."

Shear rams

Shear rams on surface 6P stac+s shall &e a&le to shear the tu&ular section of all drill pipe in use #ith an operating pressure of :!)000 +Pa .3000 psi/ at e2pected #ell close-in pressure$ %t should &e verified that installed piston si*es and operating pressures are adeuate for the forces reuired$

'..%

Hydr Hydra aulic bo bolt tensionin& e) e)uipment

%n the past this euipment has caused some serious accidents$ The manufacturer's instruction regarding safe operation should &e strictly follo#ed$ ?o alteration should &e made to this euipment #ithout the consent of the manufacturer$

'..(

Store ;e ;eepin& and spare part control

Store +eepers should organise receipt and use of spare parts on the &asis of 'first in - first out'$ This is particularly important important for ru&&er seals and pac+ers) #here #here ageing ageing is li+ely li+ely to cause material deterioratio deterioration$ n$ Seals and pac+ers should &e stored under conditions recommended &y the manufacturer$ The use of air conditioned store rooms for ru&&er goods is recommended$

**


5 E?uip0ent

'..'

:#P control system

6P control systems shall &e installed) tested and operated according #ith the 'Pressure ontrol anual for Drilling and or+over perations' .7ef$ 5/$ %n addition to the instrumentation to indicate the availa&ility of air pressure and fluid pressure) the follo#ing safety features should &e considered for the control systems( •

a relief valve installed

•

accumulator lo#-pressure lo#-pressure alarm ala rm

•

reservoir lo#-level alarm

•

air-driven hydraulic fluid charge pumps

•

electric-driven hydraulic pump to &e connected to the emergency generator

•

fail safe regulators

•

manifold pressure is consistent #ith ram closing force reuirements at anticipated ma2imum surface pressure .high .high pressure #ells/ #ells/

•

accumulator capacity at elevated manifold pressures still meets reuirements

•

fire resistant hydraulic control hoses and control fluid

•

appropriate location of remote operating panels

•

redundant functions plugged off

•

hydraulic control hose are tested to the rated pressure of the unit .i$e$ &y-pass is opened/$

'./

Steel Hoses @Chi;san and Co1le7ip

'./.

Standardisation o1 HP unions

Steel long-s#eep hoses .hi+sans/ or fle2i&le armoured hoses .ofle2ip/ are often used for cementing) fracturing) acidising) testing and for +ill lines$ The 'eco' type hammer unions for connecting these hoses can &e mismatched particularly the :M and 3M >0:) !00: and !50: series$ To avoid this it has &een repeatedly recommended to standardise on series !50: .!5)000 psi/ couplings$ hi+sans and lines used for potential high pressure applications shall &e snu&&ed and anchored$ hi+san hoses shall not &e used for operations #here reciprocation under pressure is reuired as they are not designed for this purpose$ ll such euipment of :'' diameter and a&ove) #hich is used for service a&ove !3)F00 +Pa .:000 psi/) shall have unions of #elded or integral construction .see >$4/$ The use of euipment #ith metal to metal seals is recommended$

'./."

Restrictions on use

?ever ?ever use a hi+san in com&ina com&ination tion #ith any rotating operation$ operation$ hi+sans hi+sans shall remain remain static #hen under pressure$ The connec connection tion of of the union union to the the pipe shall shall &e of #elded #elded or integral integral construction$ 9or service service #here reciprocation or rotation is planned) appropriately rated hoses should &e used #ith a s#ivel type circulating head$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

*


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*/


( )peration%

*

#PERAT!#NS

*.

Tubulars Handlin&

This paragraph considers the safety of the process of moving tu&ulars on the rig and the operations of ma+ing up) &rea+ing do#n and tripping a drill string$ The running of casing is also discussed$ Prior to every usage) tu&ulars handling euipment should &e cleaned and inspected) generally &y the ssistant Driller) to ensure servicea&ility$ 7efer to 5$> for details$

*..

Certi1ication and testin&

ll lifting euipment shall &e certified$ This applies to air #inch lines) chains) hoo+s) s#ivels) shac+les) elevators) slings) lin+s) single 1oint elevators) slings or s#ivels attached to single 1oint elevators) pulleys) sheaves) &loc+s) lifting eyes) chain hoists) overhead cranes) etc$ Threaded lifting su&s=plugs=&uttons=caps used for handling drill collars shall &e manufactured from suita&le material$ %n general) #ill have the same properties as drill collars and conform #ith '7otary Drilling Euipment' .7ef$ :"/ :"/ They are considered to &e items of lifting gear and shall therefore &e su&1ected to the same inspection schedule as other items of loose lifting euipment$

*.."

Ta;in& tubulars on on si site

The follo#ing points should &e ta+en into account( •

chec+ chec+ that the pipe rac+ a rea is clear of o&structions and ready to accept the tu&ulars in the correct order

•

ensure that an e2perienced &an+sman is positioned so that the crane operator can see him and the load at the same time

•

ta+e care #hen removing &ulldog retaining clips from transit slings( remove the clip #ith the crane ta+ing the strain then stand clear as the crane rela2es its load) &efore removing transit slings

•

&e#are of of 1oints that have have not fallen fallen into line

•

if using 'Pelican' hoo+s to sort out individual 1oints) ensure that the hoo+s are inserted into the pin and &o2 end end of the the same 1oint$ 1oint$ %nserting %nserting one hoo+ hoo+ into the the pin of one one 1oint 1oint and the the other hoo+ hoo+ into into the &o2 of another can cause personnel to &e trapped #hen the crane lifts

•

in the advent of adverse #eather) ensure that rac+ed pipe is adeuately secured

•

ensure that any cleaning of &o2 and pin ends #ill not create a ha*ard #hile handling$ Leep footing clean and secure) and any high pressure cleaning a#ay from the handling cre#

•

#al+ing on top of tu&ulars should &e discouraged at all times) and for&idden unless the upper ro#s of pipe are fully cho+ed cho+ed and secured secured in position position

•

use tag lines to steer and steady the load

•

ma+e sure the ma2imum #eight to &e lifted is accurately +no#n

•

separate ro#s of tu&ulars #ith dunnage$ 7etaining posts shall &e in place offshore and end stops securely fi2ed in place on land locations$ 6ear in mind the load &earing capacity of the soil #hen rac+ing pipe at surface locations$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

*+


Pipe bundles ll &undles shall &e lifted and transported hori*ontally) supported at each end$
Drill collars Drill collars si*e >$:5M and smaller should &e &undled in groups of not more than three$ ll other si*es of drill collar should &e handled &y crane one at a time$ T#o slings should &e used) one at each end and the drill collar.s/ #ill &e lifted hori*ontally$ Tag lines should &e used to steer and steady the load$ E2treme care needs to &e ta+en in removing the &undling slings to avoid trapping feet or hands

*.. ..%

Tran rans1er s1errrin& in& tubu ubulars lars to the the ri& 1loo loor

Drill pipe 9or manual handling of singles of drill pipe) use a lifting cap #ith a shac+le installed in the eye or &ail) or use an appropriate single 1oint elevator under the tool 1oint &o2$

Drill collars ll si*es ."$5M= F$:5M= @$:5M= >$:5M= 4$@5M/ can &e pic+ed up &y crane using a t#o-point lifting sling +eeping 1oints hori*ontal and presenting them to the derric+ floor #here they can &e ta+en over #ith a full strength elevator) either a centre latch DP elevator #hen a lifting su& is used) or a side door elevator #hen a lifting plug is used$ 7emem&er that the lifting su&=plug should first &e torued-up &efore the drill collar is added to the drilling assem&ly and su&seuently the full assem&ly is lifted out of the slips and run in the hole$ This reuires that the single should first &e set in the mouse hole for toruing up$ Small si*es .>$:5M to 4$@5M/ can also &e pic+ed pic+ed up using a suita &ly rated air #inch) either attached to a lifting cap #ith a shac+le) or using an appropriate single 1oint elevator under the shoulder of a lifting su&=plug=&utton$ Do not use t#o #inches to pic+ up heavy drill collars$ %f one #inch is inadvertently slac+ed off) the rating of the other may #ell &e e2ceeded$ %n many cases) drill collars are provided #ith elevator recesses at the &o2-end .normally suareshouldered/$ %n this case) either a full strength or a single 1oint elevator should &e used on these recesses) &ut ensure that the recess recess shoulders shoulders are indeed indeed suare and do not not impose impose loads loads on the elevator elevator latch$ They should also &e dimensionally chec+ed periodically to ensure that they have not &ecome #orn &elo# the diameter at #hich they can &e adeuately supported &y an elevator$

-


( )peration%

Casin& 9or pic+ing up singles of casing) use a single 1oint elevator$ 9or certain types of casing .e$g$ flush #ashover pipe/ it is necessary to use lifting nipples$ lternatively casing 1oints can &e presented to the derric+ floor suspended hori*ontally from a crane #ith a t#o-point lifting sling) and then &e ta+en over using either a single 1oint elevator or a full strength side door casing elevator$ %f uic+ release pin protectors are not &eing used) verify that steel pin and &o2 protectors are properly installed$ %mproperly installed protectors may drop off during transit to the rig floor and freuently &ecome &ecome cross threaded threaded and and difficult difficult to remove$ remove$

Tubin& Same as casing) though small si*e tu&ing 1oints or e2ternally flush pipe .such as &last 1oints/ can also &e pic+ed pic+ed up &y an appropriate single single 1oint 1oint or full strength strength elevator elevator under under the shoulder shoulder of a lifting &utton$ &utton$

Conductor onductor 1oints are normally presented to the derric+ floor #hilst hori*ontally suspended from a crane #ith a t#o-point lifting sling) and then pic+ed up &y a purpose &uilt full-strength elevator .e$g$ a L elevator/ either under the shoulder of a coupling) or under pre-installed pad eyes$ Short conductor strings .depending on their #eight/ can &e pic+ed up &y lifting slings suspended from the travelling &loc+ or hoo+) attached to a pair of pre-installed lifting pad eyes .#elds to &e chec+ed for crac+s/$

Marine riser arine riser 1oints are normally presented to the derric+ floor #hile hori*ontally suspended from a crane #ith a t#o-point lifting sling) and then pic+ed up &y a full-strength elevator latched around a lifting su& .or nipple/ #hich is part of the marine riser running tool$ hen handling the telescoping 1oint) ensure it is loc+ed in the closed position$

*..(

Ri&&in& up up an and ru runnin& ca casin&

7unning casing safely is very much a team effort$ ,igh levels of a#areness and communication are essential if the operation is to &e carried out smoothly$ ,old a pre-shift safety meeting to ensure that all personnel are a#are of the operation to &e carried out and of their duties$ Do not compromise on safety$ During the early stages of running) allo# the team to get into the s#ing of the operation &efore increasing the pace$ Points to &e highlighted at the safety meeting are( •

a#areness - &e a#are of #hat is happening around you$
•

communication - +no# your o#n 1o& and that of others$ %f unsure) as+$ Do not let dangerous situations develop) tell the Driller immediately

•

do not &loc+ the Driller's vie# - the Driller must &e a&le to see everything that is happening on the drill floor and in particular the 1oint in the 8-door

•

&e careful #here #here you stand stand - do not not allo# yourself yourself to &e trapped and and crushed if the 1oint 1oint s#ings s#ings free$ Select a position that allo#s an escape route

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995




•

familiarise cre#s #ith the operation of any ne# tools$

Preparation •

Ensure there is an adeuate #eather #indo# to complete the 1o&$

•

Ensure that slings and shac+les are compati&le and of a similar rating$

•

Secure shac+le pins #ith #ire$

• •

?ever use use a transit strop st rop for any purpose other than securing securing the the load in transit$ hen rigged up) ta+e the time to dou&le chec+ lifting euipment$ %f in dou&t) as+$

*.. *..' '

Ma;i Ma;in& n& up or layi layin& n& do$n do$n tubu tubula lars rs?? e.&. e.&. dr dril illl coll collar ars s

The cre# should &e &riefed on all aspects of the 1o&) i$e$ the intended method) the lifting euipment to &e used and the duties of the individual cre# mem&ers$ 6elo# are listed some &asic safety points to &ear in mind #hen carrying out this operation$ hec+ the S< of each sling$ The S< shall never &e e2ceeded$ The appro2imate #eight of various si*es of drill collars .Ds/ are given &elo# for guidance$ !i(e

2eight for 9 oint /: m or ;< ft0

> $: 5 M

!$:5 tons

F $: 5 M

:$5 tons

" $5 M

3$5 tons

llo# for the angle of the #ire #hen estimating the load$ ?ote that #hen lifting or laying do#n Ds to or from the end of the t he cat#al+ cat# al+ using the dec+ #inch and the t he 8-door 8-door #inch) the load on the 8-door 8-door #inch increases &y appro2imately half as much again due to the angle of the #ire$ n F$:5M collar #eighing appro2imately :$5 tons) pulled to the end of the cat#al+ and suspended 1ust a&ove the cat#al+ #ill &e e2erting a load of appro2imately 3$@5 tons on the 8-door #inch #ire$
*..*

Elevators and slips

The elevator is a ma1or cause of in1uries on drilling rigs$ They can &e generally classified as follo#s( •

caught &et#een elevator and pipe

"


( )peration%

•

caught in the closing mechanism

•

caught &et#een elevator and other o&1ect

•

overstrain$

Elevators should &e maintained in accordance #ith 'Specification for Drilling and Production ,oisting Euipment .7ef$ :F/ :F/ and ',oisting Tool %nspection and aintenance Procedures' .7ef$ 30/$ 30/$
*..

Drill 1loor operations

Ton&s  high proportion of accidents on the drill floor involve the use of tongs$ %n1uries result from &eing caught &et#een &et#een tongs tongs and &eing &eing struc+ &y s#ingi s#inging ng tongs$ tongs$ ll ll tongs tongs should &e &e securely attached and anchored anchored$$ Tong safety lines should &e of sufficient length) prefera&ly allo#ing a "0N &rea+out angle &et#een the lines) &ut short enough to prevent over rotation of the tongs$ The tong 1a#s including the dies should &e inspected regularly for si*e and condition$ Tongs shall &e maintained and replaced #ell &efore they &ecome #orn to the point of &eing unsafe$ ,inge pins should &e secured &y a nut #hich should itself &e loc+ed in place &y a device such as a split pin$ ll tong counter &alances and parts thereof shall &e so restrained) guarded) or located as to prevent them falling or stri+ing cre# mem&ers if the suspension line &rea+s$ 7emem&er that suspension lines are classified as lifting devices and should &e inspected) certified and colour coded in the same manner as slings$ Their history should &e recorded in the sling register$ hile changing tong=slip dies ensure that( •

goggles are #orn as hammer &lo#s can cause splinters to develop

•

gloves are used

•

#or+ing area is clear and unaffected &y other operations in progress$

6ac+-up post failure has potentially serious conseuences$  systematic approach to &ac+-up post inspection and planned preventive maintenance is reuired #hich includes P% inspections on a si2 monthly &asis$ They should also &e included in the #ee+ly=monthly drilling euipment inspection chec+ list$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%


Trippin& Ensure that the cre# is up to strength and individuals are a#are of tas+s to &e carried out$  communication system should &e operational &et#een rig floor and mon+ey &oard$ ?ote the follo#ing( •

&efore &efore starting a trip) ensure that the euipme euipment nt reuired reuired is in a servicea&le servicea&le conditi condition on

•

avoid using the rotary ta&le to spin out pipes$ Cse a pipe spinner

•

never ma+e up a connection #ith rotary ta&le #hile using a tong as &ac+-up) the shoc+ loading could result in &rea+ing of the &ac+-up #ire

•

never attempt to sta& a single into the mouse hole #hen the Driller is lo#ering the travelling &loc+

•

ensure the cro#n safety device is correctly installed and ad1usted at the start of each tour and follo#ing drilling line slipping or cutting operations

•

monitoring of mud levels) flo# chec+s and use of the trip tan+ should &e part of the routine tripping procedures procedures in and out out of the hole hole

•

do not install #ipers until) the Driller is satisfied #ith the hole condition$ they act as o&structions to the visual chec+ing of mud levels

•

#hile pipes are &eing moved from or to the rig floor the cat#al+ should &e +ept free of personnel

•

#hen hole conditions allo#) pump a heavy pill to avoid pulling '#et' pipe$

Ma;e,up and brea;,out o1 assemblies Drill collars and other assem&ly components should &e made-up at lo# speed$ hain tongs can &e used for initial ma+e-up) though hydraulic tongs or an iron roughnec+ should &e considered to improve rig floor safety$ Po#er tongs .hydraulic or air/ should &e euipped #ith a safety relief valve #ith a pressure setting not higher than the manufacturer's specification$ Spinning chain shall never &e used$ a+e-up torue values should &e chec+ed in the Driller's ,and&oo+ to ensure that only the correct torue loading is applied) ta+ing into account the correct friction factor$ The ma+e-up sensators shall &e maintained in good #or+ing order and final torue should &e applied #ith a "0 0 angle &et#een the tong arm and the ma+e-up line$ re# mem&ers shall never stand &ehind tongs #hen assem&lies or tu&ulars are made up or &ro+en out$ nce the strain is ta+en on the tongs #hen ma+ing or &rea+ing a connection) the clutch shall not &e engaged fully until the floor cre# are at a safe distance from the tongs$

(


( )peration%

*."

Handlin& o1 Chemicals and 6as Cylinders

*.".

Handlin& o1 harm1ul chemicals

Personnel reuired to handle or use ha*ardous chemicals shall &e instructed regarding their safe handling) use and disposal$ Personnel shall &e made a#are of the potential ha*ards and the reuired protective euipment$ ,a*ardous chemicals shall &e segregated from &enign chemicals) and from each other as appropriate .e$g$ fire ha*ards/$ The ha*ards should &e indicated &y signs posted on or near them$ ttention shall &e paid to the provision of adeuate data on chemicals used in mud logging and mud engineering applications$ ll ha*ardous su&stances shall &e stored in proper containers and properly la&elled in languages understood &y all on the rig site$ The rig medic shall hold copies of all aterial Specification Data Sheets .SDS/ and the clinic shall &e euipped to neutralise the effects of s+in contamination) s#allo#ing or inhalation of harmful chemicals$ 7u&&er gloves) goggles) protective apron or other protective euipment shall &e #orn as appropriate #hen handling chemicals that may irritate) &e in1urious to the s+in) or harmful if ingested$ %n vie# of the similarity of atapulgite salt #ater gel to as&estos) the use of this mud additive is not permitted$ permitted$ Solid free or lo# solid completion &rines such as *inc &romide) calcium &romide) calcium chloride) etc shall &e handled #ith e2treme care and only under supervision) as these chemicals may &urn s+in and damage eyes$ S+in=&arrier creams shall &e used &y personnel #ho actually come into contact #ith muds and &rines$ Prolonged use of coveralls contaminated #ith oil &ased muds should &e avoided$ Slic+er suits shall &e used for *inc and calcium &romide &rines) in addition to goggles and gloves$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

'


*."."

Storin& and handl ndlin& in& o1 o1 &as cyl cylind inders

;ases most commonly used in drilling operations are( Table *.

=a%e% u%ed in drilling operation%

=as

*ottle colour

.alve thread

2ygen

6lac+

7-hand

cetylene

aroon

<-hand

,ydrogen

7ed

<-hand

?itrogen

;rey O &lac+ top

7-hand

ir

;rey

7-hand

4alve outlets •

•

om&usti&le gas cylinders are scre#ed left-hand .anti-cloc+#ise to close/ and non-com&usti&le gas cylinders are scre#ed right-hand .cloc+#ise to close/ ?ever open open a valve more than three revolut revolutions$ ions$ ne full full turn is usually enough enough$$

Transportin& o1 &as cylinders •

?ever roll roll a cylinder cylinder$$

•

l#ays shut the main cylinder valve &efore moving a cylinder on a trolley$

•

Do not use magnets or chain slings for lifting$  purpose-&uilt &as+et) s+id or container) su&1ected to lifting euipment certification and inspection reuirements) shall &e used$

Stora&e o1 &as cylinders •

ylinders should ideally &e stored in the open) protected from sun and rain) and &e raised off the ground$

•

Store cylinders upright if possi&le) and chained=roped in position$

•

l#ays store acetylene and propane upright to avoid the possi&ility of the gas in liuid form &eing discharged into the delivery hose$

•

Set cylinders in rac+s so that every &ottle can &e reached$ 7otate stoc+$ .first in - first out/$

•

Leep cylinders a#ay from electrical #elding tools and sources of heat$

•

ther than cylinders in use) segregate o2ygen from acetylene and other com&usti&le gases &y a distance of at least @ m$

•

Do not use compressed gas stores for other products$

•

Lno# the regulations concerning storage of liuids and liuefied petroleum gases in area of operation$

•

?ever oil oil or grease any part of cylinders cylinders or fittings$ Leep Leep cylinder cylinder and valves clean clean and dry$ dry$

*


( )peration%

8sin& &as cylinders hen there is any dou&t a&out the uality control standards of gas suppliers the contents of &ottles shall &e chec+ed chec+ed &efore &efore use$ %t is not un+no# un+no#n n for com&usti&le com&usti&le gases to &e &e supplied in &ottles &ottles colour coded coded for for non-com&usti&le gases$ This applies particularly to the use of nitrogen to charge high pressure systems .e$g$ pulsation dampeners/$ Porta&le analysers are availa&le #hich indicate any 2ygen contamination$ 9ailure to verify the purity of nitrogen has resulted in e2plosion and fatality$ 2ygen shall never &e used to fill) drive or purge any system$

*.%

Crane #perations

*.%.

Sa1e operatin& principles

•

ranes shall only &e operated &y fully trained personnel #ho are authorised to use the euipment

•

ranes shall only &e operated #hen safety systems and instrumentation are in good #or+ing order and not inhi&ited

•

rane drivers shall only &e assisted &y personnel #ho have received instruction as &an+smen

•

The &an+sman shall chec+ the security of loads and the slinging &efore signalling to the crane driver to commence the lift

•

nly the &an+sman is allo#ed to give hand or radio signals to the crane driver

•

The &an+sman shall al#ays remain in sight of the crane driver and the load

•

Tag lines shall &e attached to any load &eing moved on a semi-su&mersi&le) drillship and onto or off of a supply vessel$ Tag lines shall also &e attached to any load over ! tonne #eight and to any long loads such as &undles of drill pipe or casing$ %t is important to ensure that tag lines do not &ecome caught

•

Due account shall &e ta+en of #eather conditions &efore ma+ing any lift especially heavy lifts or loads #ith a large sail area such as steel sheets

•

rane operations shall cease and the &oom shall &e laid do#n #hen necessary to prevent o&struction to helicopters$

*.%."

Heavy li1ts

?o specific specific #eight #eight is given given as the threshold threshold for for #hat is considered considered a heavy lift$ %t is more a matter of considering #hat ha*ards e2ist and the potential conseuences$ ovement of the 6P stac+ on a production platform) for e2ample) presents the ha*ard of damage to) and loss of containment of) #ellhead) flo#lines) pipe#or+ and vessels under pressure$ Similar ha*ards e2ist #hen raising and lo#ering masts on land$ The ris+ can &e reduced &y closing in the relevant #ells and depressuring the lines and vessels$ The operation of carrying out a heavy lift reuires a #or+ permit #hich #ill stipulate the appropriate precautions to &e &e ta+en$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995




*.(

Pressure Testin&

*.(.

6eneral

•

scertain the ma2imum #or+ing pressure rating of the #ea+est section to &e tested) this determines the ma2imum test pressure #hich can &e applied$ here possi&le avoid changes of specification .spec$ &rea+s/ in a connect connected ed system$ system$ here here spec$ &rea+s occur in a closed system) system) appropriately set set pressure relief devices shall &e incorporated$

•

Pressure relief or limiting devices on the pump shall &e verified as operational) at the appropriate pressure &efore &efore the test &egins$ &egins$

•

8isually inspect all euipment to &e tested prior to testing$

•

ordon off #or+ area) post 'D?;E7' notices .if applica&le/$

•

nnounce testing is to ta+e place over the pu&lic address system .if applica&le/$

•

?ever attempt attempt to tighten) tighten) slac+en or hammer hammer any item under pressure$ pressure$

•

ll hose connections shall have a &ac+-up 1ump chain or sling secured across them to restrain the hose in event of connection failure$

•

hi+san runs shall &e avoided #here possi&le and other#ise properly secured$

•

ll non-essential personnel shall &e evacuated from the vicinity of euipment to &e tested$

•

The potential energy level of compressed fluids shall &e minimised &y purging air=gases from the system$ lso the volume to &e tested should &e +ept to a practical minimum$

up-type testers should &e suspended from drilled-out plug-type testers$ %f for any reason the test tool is suspended on drill pipe) the tensile load applied shall &e #ithin its load rating$ Prior to applying test pressures) ensure that no dummy components .e$g$ thread protectors) corrosion caps/ are still installed on the euipment$ ll #ellhead connections) valves and fittings su&1ect to pressures a&ove !3)F00 +Pa .:000 psi/ shall &e flanged) clamped or #elded$ Though scre#ed line pipe is covered &y an P% code up to 34)500 +Pa .5000 psi/) past e2perienced e2perienced of of failures due to corrosion) corrosion) fatigue and other other factors) has resulted in in the ;roup recommendation that they should not &e used in applications a&ove !3)F00 +Pa .:000 psi/$

*.'

Hydro&en Sulphide @H"S

*.'.

6eneral

During drilling and #or+over operations the conseuences of lea+s or +ic+s #ith sour gas or crude can &e very serious$ Personnel can &e incapacitated &y relatively lo# concentrations of , :S in a very short time and euipment can suffer catastrophic failure due to , :S em&rittlement$ vaila&le literature should &e studied &efore dra#ing up , :S procedures$ procedures$ 7ecommended 7ecommended references are( a re( •

';uidelines for Detection and ontrol of ,ydrogen Sulphide During Drilling perations' .7ef$ 3!/ 3!/

•

',ydrogen Sulphide' .7ef$ 3:/ 3:/

/


( )peration%

•

'Safe Drilling of ells ontaining ,ydrogen Sulphide' .7ef$ 33/ 33/

•

'ontingency Plan for Drilling Sour il and=or ;as ells' .7ef$ 34/ 34/

The video 'The Silent Sniper') availa&le through S%EP) provides a po#erful , :S a#areness aid #hen training personnel$

*.'."

Plannin& 1or H"S

 contingency plan shall &e dra#n up #hen , :S may &e e2pected during #ell operations$ The contingency plan should include( •

procedures procedures for the follo# follo#ing ing conditio conditions) ns) including including responsi&il responsi&ilities ities and duties duties of personne personnell A pre-alarm conditio condition n A moderate moderate danger danger to life A e2treme e2treme danger danger to life$

•

designation of &riefing areas

•

evacuation plan

•

authorities to &e notified in case of emergency) &y #hom and at #hat stage

•

a list of emergency medical facilities including locations and=or addresses and telephone num&ers$

 study should &e made of the geological and geographical features of the area) in order to predict the e2pected areas #here , :S may &e encountered or may accumulate$ %nformation a&out the area and +no#n field conditions) including temperatures) pressures) proposed #ell depth and , :S concentrations) should &e o&tained o&tained and ta+en ta+en into consid consideration$ eration$ The drilling drilling programme programme shall shall highlight highlight this this ha*ard and give give details of controls and recovery measures in place$  mud programme should &e dra#n up #hich #ill cater for the pressures e2pected to &e encountered) &ut should also include the use of an , :S scavenger and=or inhi&itor to reduce the reaction of , :S on the drill string and related euipment$ %n the pre-spud meeting) the ompany Drilling Supervisor should revie# the drilling programme #ith the drilling contractor and service contractors) outlining each party's responsi&ilities$ ll personnel shall &e fully trained in the use of , :S-related euipment$ Procedures should &e in place 350 m a&ove and=or one #ee+ prior to the anticipated encountering of a hydrogen sulphide *one$ 6e a#are that , :S can arise from stagnant mud .sulphate reducing &acteria/ and may &e found in little used tan+s and in casing annuli$

*.'.%

E)uipment

:lo$out preventer @:#P e)uipment 6lo#out preventer euipment selected for , :S #ells) including ancillary items such as the cho+e manifold) shall &e of chemical composition) heat treatment) hardness and trim #hich complies #ith current metallurgical specifications defined &y '6lo#out Prevention Euipment Systems for Drilling ells' .7ef$ 35/$ 35/$ Lill and cho+e hoses shall &e of a type suita&le for this +ind of service$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

+


=lan&e? bonnet cover? boltin& and nut material Each of these intended for , :S use should meet reuirements prescri&ed in '8alves and ellhead Euipment' .7ef$ 3>/$ 3>/$

4acuum 4acuum de&assersatmospheric mud,&as separator @poor boy separator The vacuum degasser should &e capa&le of effectively removing gases containing , :S from the drilling fluid$ The vent outlet on the vacuum degasser shall &e e2tended so that the e2tracted gas can &e routed to a remote area for flaring or connected into the atmospheric mud-gas separator line$  mud-gas separator used to e2tract gas containing , :S from drilling fluids should &e tied into a vent line for &urning) so as not to release the gas into the atmosphere close to the rig$ This reuires that the line terminates a#ay from the rig and not at the top of the mast$ 8ent lines shall &e si*ed so that the &ac+ pressure they impose upon the separator vessel does not cause the mud leg to &e evacuated at designed operating conditions$ ?ote that ,:S is denser than air and if not flared #ill still pose a ha*ard in lo# lying areas$ E2perience has sho#n that #eighted drilling fluids heavily contaminated #ith , :S cannot &e successfully treated$ Disposal of such contaminated fluids in suita&le ventilated locations #ith appropriate ha*ard #arnings is therefore reuired$

=lare lines 9lare lines should &e installed from the degasser) cho+e manifold) and mud-gas separator according to 'Safe Drilling of ells ontaining ,ydrogen Sulphide' .7ef$ 33/$ 33/$ ll flare lines should &e euipped #ith the means for constant or automatic ignition$

Drill pipe
*.'.(

Monitorin&

Each drilling facility shall have a fi2ed , :S monitoring and detection system that activates audi&le and visual #arning alarms at a level level of !0 ppm , :S in the air$ %t is recommended that this system should have emergency &attery po#er &ac+-up) capa&le of +eeping the system operational for !: hours #ithout recharging$ ,:S detection heads reuire regular cali&ration to retain their accuracy$ The euipment manufacturers instructions should &e +no#n and follo#ed$ ali&ration chec+s shall &e logged$

=i7ed H"S monitorin& systems 9i2ed systems shall have a central readout panel located in an area #here it #ill &e constantly monitored$ 7euired locations for sensor heads( •

&ell nipple nipple and=or and=or diverter diverter opening opening

/-


( )peration%

•

Driller's console

•

mud tan+s

•

shale sha+er

•

ventilation system of living uarters

•

#ellhead cellar

Suggested additional locations offshore( •

lo#er hull pump or &allast room entered &y hatch#ays located on main dec+

•

mud pump room

•

&arge engin enginee room

•

poorly ventilate ventilated d areas #here personnel personnel #or+$ #or+$

Portable &as detection instruments i nstruments 9reuent inspections of all poorly ventilated areas should &e made #ith a porta&le gas detection instrument$ This instrument should &e capa&le of reading a minimum of !0 ppm of , :S$ Detection devices should &e availa&le for use &y all personnel on site$ Such devices shall &e regularly chec+ed and cali&rated to provide a clear audi&le alarm at a level of !0 ppm in air$ t least one porta&le instrument should &e availa&le for the detection of S :$ 9or euipment selection) refer to ';uidelines for Detection and ontrol of ,ydrogen Sulphide During Drilling perations' .7ef$ 3!/$ 3!/$

*.'.'

Alarm systems @H"S detection

%n order for rig personnel to act once , :S is encountered) #arning devices shall &e present at various stations on the drilling rig$ The meaning of each #arning signal shall &e made +no#n to all personnel on or around the #or+ location$ The audi&le #arning should &e a yelping-type electronic siren) in order to esta&lish a universal , :S #arning system) and &e connected to the fi2ed , :S sensing system$ m&er #arning lights should &e of a rotating or flashing type$ ll #arning devices located in ha*ardous *ones *ones shall &e appropriately rated$ 6ecause of potential language &arriers and the possi&ility of misunderstanding &y drilling cre# personnel) everyone shall &e trained and conditioned to react to the audi&le and visual alarm system$ Personnel designated as 'essential' should move to assigned stations or 1o& functions after having put on their &reathing apparatus$ ?on-essential ?on-essential personne personnell shall) at the first #arning) move move to the the pre-designat pre-designated ed &riefing &riefing areas after having put put on their &reathing &reathing apparatus$ arning lights on offshore rigs=platforms should &e shielded from the out&oard vie# so as not to &e confused #ith navigational aids and lights$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

/


Driller's console .audi&le and light/

•

engine room .audi&le and light/

•

mud room .audi&le/

•

living uarters .audi&le at each level/

•

central area of each structural level .audi&le and light/

•

control room$

*.'.*

Personal pr protective e)uipment

ll personnel on a drilling location #here , :S is anticipated shall have availa&le to them a certified &reathing apparatus$ apparatus $ %ndividuals %ndividuals on site #ho are designated designated as essential essential personnel) personnel) if gas is detected) detected) shall shall &e provided provided #ith an apparatus that supplies s upplies air at positive pressure into a full face face mas+$ Practicality #ill #ill normally dictate the installation of a cascade system in these circumstances) as this #ill ensure the availa&ility of a continuous source of &reatha&le air$ Personnel shall al#ays have access to a porta&le supply of air) ho#ever) to cater for the eventuality that escape is necessary$ The use of chemical cartridge respirators is prohi&ited for service in , :S environments in drilling operations$ 7efer to ',ydrogen Sulphide' .7ef$ 3:/ 3:/ for further information$ The storage locations of all protective &reathing apparatus shall &e such that the euipment can &e uic+ly donned and is readily availa&le to all personnel on and around the rig$
rig floor

•

derric+ mon+ey &oards

•

mud logging unit

•

shale sha+er unit

•

pump rooms rooms .mud .mud and cement/ cement/

•

cre# uarters

•

Toolpusher's and ompany Drilling Supervisor's office

•

each designated &riefing area

•

heliport

•

stand&y vessels$

*.'.

Additional sa1ety e)uipment

The follo#ing items should &e availa&le on the rig( • • •

chal+&oards and note pads or other communication aids &ullhorns &ullhorns resuscitators

/"


( )peration%

• •

#ind indicators &ug &lo#ers &lo#ers

•

ha*ard #arning signs

•

first-aid +it

•

stretcher

• •

&lan+ets &lan+ets eye#ash station$

*.'./

Trippin& Every effort should &e made to pull a dry drill string$ %f it is necessary to pull the string #et after penetration penetration of ,:S - &earing *ones) increased monitoring of the #or+ing area should &e provided and protective protective &reathing &reathing apparatus should &e on stand&y stand&y and if necessary necessary #orn$ #orn$ 6reathing apparatus should &e #orn &y personnel in the #or+ing area prior to circulating &ottoms-up in case ,:S is indicated in sufficient uantities to reuire the use of &reathing apparatus$

Corin& operations in H "S,bearin& 5ones 6reathing apparatus should &e #orn from !0 to :0 stands in advance of retrieving the core &arrel and especially #hile the cores are &eing removed from the &arrel$ ores to &e transported should &e sealed and mar+ed indicating the presence of , :S$ During the a&ove operations) #arning signs indicating 'D?;E7 - P%S? ;S' shall &e displayed in languages understood &y all personnel on the rig$ n land rigs) flags at the location entrance gate are to &e used to indicate indicate that a ha*ardous situation e2ists$

*.'.+

Personnel trainin&

%t is usual for a specialised contractor to &e employed to install &oth a fi2ed .cascade/ system and provide porta&le &reathing &reathing apparatus$ The same contractor) contractor) particularly on a land rig rig #here #here the drilling drilling contractor may not have a rig system installed) #ill also provide detection euipment$ aintenance) training and certification of personnel should &e included in the pac+age$ here mud logging services are contracted) ,:S detection euipment should &e specified in the contract$ hen drilling in an area #here hydrogen sulphide gas might &e encountered) training specific to the , :S ha*ard in the area shall &e carried out$ The follo#ing guidelines are recommended for the training of personnel$ personnel$ The ,:S training programme shall &e developed prior to the commencement of drilling operations and should include( •

a ne# employee=visitor , :S induction training programme to &e presented to all personnel arriving on site for the first time

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

/%


•

general information and physiological response to , :S and S : e2posure

•

the use of self contained &reathing apparatus and emergency escape euipment

•

procedures procedures for operating operating conditions conditions(( A pre-alarm condition condition A moderate moderate danger danger to life A e2treme e2treme danger danger to life

•

responsi&ilities and duties of personnel for each operating condition

•

search and rescue procedures #ith designated staff

•

&riefing &riefing areas) or locations for assem&ly assem&ly of personn personnel el during during e2treme e2treme danger danger condition) condition) should should &e designated$ t least t#o &riefing areas shall &e esta&lished on each drilling facility$ f these t#o areas) the one up#ind at any given time is the safe &riefing area

•

evacuation plan

•

agencies to &e notified in case of an emergency

•

a list of medical personnel and facilities) including addresses and telephone num&ers$

*.'.- H"S drills The contractor shall have a comprehensive , :S drill procedure in place #hich shall &e agreed and practised prior to comme commencem ncement ent of operations$ operations$ fter training is completed) drills for , :S emergency conditions shall &e carried out once each #ee+ or more often if conditions #arrant$ 7ecords #ill &e +ept of drills and personnel that participated$ The purpose of the the drill is to rehearse rehearse emerg emergency ency response response procedures procedures and and verify that all personnel personnel on site site +no# their duties according to the plan$

*.'. .'. Pers Person onne nell Physical e7aminations ll employees #ho are to #or+ on a #ell site) #hich may e2pose them to , :S) should receive a physical e2amination$ This e2amination should address conditions associated #ith respiratory pro&lems and hypertension$ ny individual #ith facial hair .&eard/ that could interfere #ith a complete mas+ seal is not permitted to #or+ in an , :S environment as euipment lea+age could prove fatal$

Dentures Personnel #earing dentures) #hile #or+ing in an , :S atmosphere) should &e advised that they are to &e #orn at all times #hile they are e2posed to the ha*ard) including rest periods$ Dentures should only &e removed for cleaning purposes$ %f dentures are removed from the mouth) the face ta+es on a different configuration) and it is possi&le that &reathing apparatus #ill no longer fit$ This could prove fatal$

/(


( )peration%

*.*

#ccupational Health and Sa1ety

*.*.

House;eepin&

 high standard of house+eeping is a necessary prereuisite for any drilling operation$ The accumulation of ru&&ish should &e prevented as it presents) fire) health and access ha*ards$ The #or+ area shall &e +ept free of o&structions to allo# free movement of personnel and machinery$ %n particular the rig floor should &e +ept clean of any euipment #hich is not in use unless it is reuired for safety reasons .e$g$ the inside 6P assem&ly/$ Stair#ays) ladders) ramps) #al+#ays and platforms shall &e +ept free of o&1ects or su&stances #hich may create a tripping or slipping ha*ard or hinder or prevent emergency egress of personnel) or access to emergency euipment$

*.*."

Noise control

The ;roup have issued the pu&lications '?oise ;uide' .7ef$ 3@/ 3@/ and 'anagement ;uidelines for ,earing onservation' .7ef$ 3F .7ef$ 3F/$ /$ These contain recommendations for the implementation of a hearing conservation programme programme designed designed to suit the #ide #ide variety of of ompany activities #orld-# #orld-#ide$ ide$ They provide provide guidel guidelines ines and recommendations concerning protection and preventative measures to avoid permanent hearing loss from e2posure to noise$ The accepta&le noise dose limit of F5 d6./ is applica&le for shift lengths of eight hours=day or more) 40 hours=#ee+) or in case of occasional overtime #or+) provided the e2posure time over one year does not e2ceed a total of :000 hours$
the use of &etter engineered euipment

•

the use of noise reduction techniues .sound insulation) mufflers) etc/

•

the use of hearing protection$

Signs indicating noise ha*ards shall &e posted and appropriate hearing protection euipment shall &e freely availa&le for all personnel #or+ing in the high noise area$

*.*.%

Con ContractorsB occupation ional health

The follo#ing is guidance from ;roup ,ealth dvisers for specifying to contractors the reuirements of an occupational health programme$ Details on specifics are availa&le through ,SE=: in The ,ague) often in the form of Shell of Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee .S,/ documents$ documents $  complete list of ,SE documents availa&le is printed on the inside &ac+ cover of all such documents$ ontractors should have an occupational health programme in place in accordance #ith legal reuirements and Shell ompany guidelines$ ompanies should ensure that the contractors' occupational health

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

/'


programmes programmes are managed managed in a #ay that is compati&le compati&le #ith #ith ompany standards &y specifying specifying these these reuirements in contractual arrangements and &y regular monitoring and auditing the contractors' performance performance regarding regarding occupational occupational health$ health$ %n general) contractors should apply the same principles as are contained in Shell's ccupational ,ealth anagement ;uidelines #ith emphasis &eing given to the follo#ing aspects( •

identification of all health ha*ards .covering health ha*ards at #or+) and those associated #ith life style and the environment

•

assessment of ris+ to health to determine the need for and type of control measures .e$g$ engineering controls) #or+ procedures) use of personal protective euipment) vaccination programmes and employee assistance programmes/

•

planning planning and implem implementation entation of control control measures and and preparation of in-hous in-housee guidance guidance on procedures) procedures) practices and programmes programmes

•

informing) instructing and training of the #or+force

•

health surveillance

•

record +eeping

•

first-aid and medical emergency response procedures$

Specific aspects to &e addressed normally include( •

infectious diseases .including tropical diseases/

•

dermatitis

•

general hygiene .food storage and preparation) pota&le #ater) sanitary facilities) accommodation/

•

noise and vi&ration

•

ionising radiation

•

ergonomics

•

lighting

•

life-style factors .e$g$ use of alcohol and drugs) smo+ing/$

Each drilling contractor should appoint an occupational health focal point #ith the tas+ to co-ordinate the implementation of the occupational health programme$ ppropriate records should &e held in order to &e a&le to monitor the performance of the occupational health programme and to identify pro&lem areas reuiring more attention$ Sufficient resources .e2pert advisers) facilities and &udgets/ shall &e availa&le to ensure that the implementation of the occupational health programme meets legal and ompany standards$

*.

Permit,to,$or;

The permit-to-#or+ is a #ritten document authorising persons to carry out a specific tas+) #arning them of the possi&le dangers and spelling out precautions needed for the 1o& to &e done safely$ %t ensures that proper consideratio consideration n is given given to the the ris+s and that they are dealt dealt #ith prior to #or+ #or+ comm commencin encing$ g$ The o&1ectives are( •

to ensure the proper authorisation of non-routine or ha*ardous #or+

•

to ma+e clear to the person.s/ carrying out the 1o& the ris+s involved and precautions to &e ta+en

•

to ensure that the person responsi&le for an area of the installation is a#are of all #or+ &eing done there

/*


( )peration%

•

to provide a record sho#ing that the method of #or+ and the precautions needed have &een chec+ed &y the appropriate competent person$

EP "5-03!5 ;uidelines on Permit to or+ Systems provides recommendations on implementing a permitto-#or+ system$ ll personnel shall have a good understanding of the permit system #hich should define( •

the types of #or+ reuiring permits

•

documented procedure covering the permit system

•

clear definition of authority levels for permit issue and authorisation

•

chec+ing of #or+place conditions &y the competent party

•

centralised holding and control of live permits

•

permit close-o close-out ut system

•

permit handov handover er mechanism mechanism

•

mechanism for chec+ing effects of changed conditions on permit validity

The permit-to-#or+ is authorised &y the senior person on site after he has assured himself that all necessary precautions have &een ta+en and that all those #or+ing in the area on other duties are a#are of the activity$ here simultaneous production and drilling operations are ta+ing place the ompany Drilling Supervisor shall &e a signatory to the permit$ Permits shall &e revalidated at the &eginning of each shift$

*./

Environmental Ha5ards

;roup policy is to reduce) and ultimately to eliminate) emissions of su&stances #hich are harmful to the environment$ The greatest impact drilling operations have on the environment relates to the discharge of mud and drilled cuttings$ s part of the effort to minimise this impact e2tensive research is ongoing to find via&le alternatives to oil &ased mud systems$ Documents addressing environmental su&1ects include( •

'Environmental anagement ;uidelines' .7ef$ 3"/ 3"/

•

'EP Environmental ssessment ;uide' ssessment ;uide' .7ef$ 40/ 40/

•

'EP aste anagement ;uidelines' .7ef$ 4!/ 4!/

•

'a+ing the ost of Drilling aste anagement' .7ef$ >/

•

'Environmental uditing uditing ;uide' .7ef$ 4:/ 4:/

*./.

Noise

hen #or+ing in the vicinity of housing or other areas sensitive to noise levels &elo# the threshold #here hearing damage occurs) e2tra precautions #ill &e necessary to reduce it to levels at #hich it ceases to &e a significant nuisance$ These levels #ill vary depending on location$ The rig contracting strategy should include an assessment of the planned programme of #or+ #ith respect to the environmental issues and define such things as noise limitations in the tender documents$ ?oise maps of rigs &eing &id should &e reuested$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

/


*./."

Environmental au auditin&

The 'Environmental uditing ;uide' .7ef$ 4:/ 4:/ sets out the necessary necessary steps for ca rrying out an environmental audit) namely( •

the preliminary collection of &asic data a&out the site of operations and the operation itself

•

inspections and intervie#s at the site to e2tend) evaluate and verify information o&tained

•

formulation of conclusions and recommendations$

*./.%

;eneral aspects of #aste management are descri&ed in 'EP aste anagement ;uidelines' .7ef$ 4!/$ 4!/$ 'a+ing the ost of Drilling aste anagement' .7ef$ >/ has &een prepared specifically to address drilling #astes) focusing on &usiness issues associated #ith #aste and the implementation of ne# techniues and technologies in #aste management$  structured #aste management strategy is important from a cost standpoint and for environmental protection$ protection$ The elem elements ents of such a strategy are( •

Reduction of #aste through good operating practices) changes in technology and changes in products

•

Reuse &y returning the material to the process in its original form

•

Recycling material for resource recovery or as a &y-product

•

Recover &y incineration and ma+ing use of the energy developed

•

Residue is the final resulting #aste material #hich cannot &e managed &y any of the previous four methods and is either used as landfill) incinerated) diluted or concentrated) or sta&ilised physically) chemically or &iologically$ &iologically$

The strategy can &e applied to drilling operations to deal more effectively #ith #aste$ The a&ove referenced document .7ef$ >/) #hich contains many recommended practices on drilling #aste management should &e used &y the ompany as a planning tool to develop an effective programme suited to the operation$

//


; A%%ociated Acti$itie%



ASS#C!ATED ACT!4!T!ES

.

Electric
..

Responsibilities

The senior person on site) generally the drilling contractor Toolpusher on land rigs or % on offshore rigs) retains overall responsi&ility for all site activities$ ,e shall &e provided #ith an inventory of all e2plosives and radioactive sources on site) #hich shall &e updated #henever changes ta+e place$ ith respect to radioactive sources) he shall also &e provided #ith storage details) #hich includes a diagram indicating the rate of radioactive emissions at the edge of the container and the distances) in all directions) at #hich the rate of emissions are measured at ! micro-sievert=hr and :$5 micro-sieverts=hr$ See @$!$!0 for further details$ Throughout #ireline logging activity the Driller on shift remains responsi&le for overall safety on the rig floor and for maintaining primary pressure control over the #ell$ ontinuous monitoring of #ell fluid gains or losses during logging operations is his prime responsi&ility$ ?on-essential ?on-essential euipm euipment ent such as &its) &ottom hole hole assem&ly assem&ly compon components) ents) lifting lifting plugs) etc shall &e &e cleared from the drill floor area$ 7otary tongs are to &e secured a#ay from the rotary area and cover plates are to &e installed installed over over the single single hole) hole) rotary &ushings &ushings and any other other open open spaces$ The rig floor floor is to &e cleane cleaned d of mud) grease or other e2traneous material$ The
.."

Ri&&in& up

hen the Driller is entirely satisfied that the #ell is sta&le) and that the rig floor is cleared of non-essential material and euipment) the logging contractor can commence rigging up$ %t is essential that there is sufficient lighting availa&le for the logging #inch man to clearly see the drill floor area$ %n addition a t#o-#ay intercom shall &e installed to ena&le good communication &et#een the logging #inch operator and the operators on the rig floor$ The intercom shall &e certified suita&le for *one ! ha*ardous area use$ The upper and lo#er sheaves) together #ith other euipment suspended in the derric+) shall &e considered as lifting euipment and shall therefore have the safe #or+ing load clearly mar+ed on each item$ nly certified slings) chains and shac+les are to &e used to secure the upper or lo#er pulleys$ %f the upper pulley is to &e secured on the elevators) ensure that the elevator latch closes properly and that the s#ivel on the travelling &loc+ is loc+ed$  secondary safety sling should &e used at all times$ The lo#er sheave is attached to a main su&structure mem&er &y chain$ The chain shall &e in visi&ly good condition) less than three years old and a minimum of 5=FM diameter #ith a S< of ::)000 l&$ Such chains shall &e tagged to clearly sho# the age and rating of the chain$ The chain eye should &e secured to the lo#er sheave shac+le &y a single chain #hich is attached to a main mem&er of the rig su&structure$ %f the fi2ing point is a pad-eye) then it shall have &een #elded &y a coded #elder and certified free from any defect$ The pad-eye shall also &e load certified and inspected .?DT/ annually$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

/+


The lo#er sheave shall &e fitted #ith finger and spo+e protectors$ hen the travelling &loc+ has &een raised to position) ensure the &ra+e is securely chained do#n$ Ensure that the logging #ire does not foul the derric+$

..%

3o&&in& operations

During logging operations) the num&er of drilling cre# permitted on the rig floor should &e +ept to a minimum$ ?either
..(

Pressure control

The pressure rating of the #ireline lu&ricator shall al#ays &e at least eual to the ma2imum anticipated surface pressure) plus an e2cess to cover such contingencies as suee*e +illing or &ullheading$ %t shall &e tested to this pressure$ %t shall &e of sufficient length to contain the tool length and prefera&ly have a margin of one lu&ricator section to cover &irds nesting of the ca&le$  guiding principle is that the possi&ility of a tool string straddling straddling &oth &oth the lu&ricator 6P and the master master valves on on the hristmas hristmas tree shall &e precluded$  tool catcher shall &e fitted immediately a&ove the 6P and verified as functioning correctly$ %t shall not &e used as a lifting device$

..' .'

Stora&e and $or $or;in& $it $ith e7plos losive ives

6eneral ll operations involving the use of e2plosives are to &e performed under the permit-to-#or+ system$ Prior to starting #or+) a safety meeting shall &e held to include as a minimum( •

Driller and assistant on shift

•

Senior Toolpusher=ffshore %nstallation anager

•

•

ell Site Drilling Engineer

•

ompany Drilling Supervisor

or+ reuiring the use of e2plosives shall &e carried out only &y authorised specialist personnel .usually the
E7plosive stora&e The local la#s and regulations governing the storage and handling of e2plosives shall &e o&served) ho#ever in all cases) e2plosives and detonators shall &e transported and stored in separate containers$

+-



n land) &uildings constructed to contain e2plosives shall &e completely separated from living and #or+ areas and #ell separated from other stores containing flamma&le material$ 9or more complete coverage of this su&1ect refer to EP "5-0:00 Survey perations$

#peratin& $ith e7plosives The general rules #hich shall &e o&served #hen using e2plosives are( •

do not smo+e) stri+e matches or use an open flame lighter in the vicinity of e2plosives$ Cse only electric flashlights

•

do not leave e2plosives #here they may &e e2posed to flame) heat) spar+ or impact

•

do not e2pose e2plosives to direct sunlight

•

do not leave e2plosives #here unauthorised persons can access them

•

do not handle or store e2plosives in the vicinity of flamma&le products) compressed air &ottles or #elding euipment

•

do not fight a fire in a &uilding or vehicle containing e2plosives$ Leep #ell clear until the fire is completely out

•

&e a#are that in some some types of gun pressure can &e trapped internally internally after firing$ firing$ Surface disassem&ly disassem&ly controls should ta+e this into consideration$

..*

Sa1ety procedures in in us use o1 o1 e7 e7plosive ives

Electrically activated 1irin& systems rming and disarming of guns is to &e carried out &y the
;uards and and #arning #arning sign signss shall &e place placed d around around the #or+ #or+ing ing area area to prevent prevent unauth unauthoris orised ed access access to the #or+ area &y personnel and vehicles$

:$

Cnless Cnless using using a detonatin detonating g system system #hich #hich is impervious impervious to stray electrical electrical currents) guns guns shall not &e &e armed #hile an electrical storm is in the vicinity) or forecast) during perforating operations$

3$

The loggi logging ng unit unit is to &e grounde grounded d to the the rig) rig) the rig grounde grounded d to the the #ellhe #ellhead ad &y grounding grounding straps) and the source of any  or D voltage) #hich results in stray voltages in e2cess of 0$:58) shall &e eliminated$ Such sources of voltage include( A cathodic cathodic protection protection A electrical electrical #elding #elding A non-destructiv non-destructivee testing A top drive systems A static electricity A radio transmitters includin including g micro#ave micro#ave transmitters$ transmitters$

4$

7estrictions applied #hen #hen running running e2plosives e2plosives shall also &e applied applied during retrieval operations) operations) even even #hen positive indications of firing have &een seen$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

+


..

Radio tr transmissions

During periods of radio silence) radio transmitters shall &e s#itched off and) #here possi&le) isolated$ 7adio &eacons are to &e turned off$ Porta&le t#o #ay radios shall &e collected) chec+ed against the inventory +ept &y the radio operator) and loc+ed a#ay$ ll other potential sources of stray electrical currents such as cathodic protection systems and electric #elding operations shall &e shut do#n$ The monitoring of radio receivers should continue as normal$ n land) road signs are to &e placed at a minimum distance of !50 m from the location) to prevent the access of vehicles possi&ly using mo&ile transmitting euipment .e$g$ ta2is/$ %f the presence of large commercial transmitters pose a ha*ard) the
+"



Table .

#eco00ended 0ini0u0 di%tance% *eteen *eteen %hot point and tran%0itter

Transmitter power

$inimum distance

/2 0

/m0

/ f t0

0-:50

!50

500

:50-!)000

300

!)000

!)000-!0)000

@50

:)500

!0)000-50)000

!)500

5)000

50)000-!00)000

:)300

@)500

.%E Pu&lication :0 revised arch !"@!/

fter isolation of all sources of stray current) the casing-to-rig voltage shall &e o&served &y the
Rela7ation $hen e7plosives are more than ' m belo$ &round or seabed hen the e2plosive device is more than @5 m &elo# sea&ed .or ground level/) the potential ha*ard to personnel personnel is greatly greatly reduced) reduced) and rela2ations rela2ations can &e permitted permitted as follo#s( i/

To allo# heli helicop copter ter operatio operations ns to continu continue) e) 8,9 air &and commu communica nicatio tion n &et#ee &et#een n platform platform and aircraft may &e esta&lished using either the fi2ed 8,9 air &and transmitter or a porta&le air &and set from the helidec+$ %n addition) a C,9 communications system may &e used for internal rig operations provided no more than the &ase station and one hand porta&le are operational at any one time$

ii/

The use use of a single) single) !-#att !-#att hand hand porta&le porta&le 8,9 or C,9 C,9 set .not .not less than !0 !0 m from the the logg logging ing ca&le/ for communication outside the platform$

iii/ %n an emerg emergency ency)) if a !-#att hand porta&le radio cannot cannot raise the assistance reuired) reuired) use of one one fi2ed 8,9 or C,9 transmitter$ %t is emphasised that these rela2ations .i) ii and iii/ are only permitted #hen the e2plosive device is more than @5 m &elo# ground or sea &ed) and only one may &e applied at any one time$ E2plosive &ac+ing-off operations are not su&1ect to any restrictions once the gun is @5m &elo# ground or sea &ed since detonation is unli+ely and #ould not result in any damage to personnel or property$

.. ../ /

Syst System ems s impe imperv rvio ious us to stra stray y elec electr tric ical al curr curren ents ts

%n order to avoid the necessity for complete radio silence or electrical shutdo#n) ne# methods of detonation have &een developed$ The systems use the energy released #hen a capacitor) charged to a high voltage) is discharged through a thin conductor or foil to directly initiate high order detonation of secondary e2plosives$ The design of these detonators is very similar to conventional detonators e2cept that no primary e2plosive is used$ These systems reuire a minimum voltage of !50 to :008 D at the ca&le head to operate the tool and to produce the :500 to 30008 D to #hich the capacitor #ill &e charged$ This compares #ith !08  or D reuired for standard detonators and !8 for high temperature detonators) #hich do not contain

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

+%


internal safety resistors$ Testing of the systems has sho#n them to &e incapa&le of unintentional initiation even #hen e2posed to po#erful electrical and magnetic fields$ The early relia&ility of these tools is less than that of conventional detonators and there is a su&stantial additional cost per run$ %t is anticipated that #ith time) the additional costs #ill fall and the relia&ility #ill improve$ Their use should &e considered #here radio silence is difficult or e2pensive to achieve$ %t should &e stressed that #hen introducing such systems) a high level of a#areness must &e maintained regarding the precautions reuired in the use and handling of e2plosives) particularly in areas #here conventional systems are also used) as operating procedures may &e confused$

.. ..+

Tubin ubin& & Conv Convey eyed ed Per Per1ora 1orattin& in& @T @TCP CP sys systtems

There are several suppliers of TP systems using a variety of detonating devices$ 6ecause e2plosives are involved) safety precautions shall remain as detailed under @$!$> and @$!$@ a&ove$ The precautions specified &y the manufacturer shall &e fully understood and stipulated on the permit-to#or+$ %n addition) due to the need for close operational co-operation &et#een the TP contractor) drilling cre# and rig supervisory staff) a full safety meeting prior to the operation is essential$ 8arious methods for firing the detonator of a TP gun have &een developed to ena&le relia&le firing of guns in #ells #ith differing geometry) mechanical configuration) and &orehole conditions$ These can &e grouped into four main types) #hich are( •

drop &ar actuated systems) in #hich a metal &ar is dropped from surface and free falls under gravity to mechanically initiate the firing head

•

hydraulically fired systems) in #hich fluid pressure is applied from surface to tu&ing or annulus to fire the gun

•

electrically actuated systems) in #hich the current is sent from the surface via an electrical ca&le to fire the gun

•

electrically actuated systems) in #hich a detonator and shaped charge are lo#ered from surface on #ireline to fire the gun$

hen planning a completion #hich includes a TP gun the follo#ing safety aspects should &e considered( !$

The firing firing head head should should only only &e &e armed armed #hen #hen the the gun is in place &elo# &elo# the rotary rotary ta&le$ This often means a considera&le e2tension a&ove the e2plosive charge and may not &e practica&le$

:$

During assem&ly assem&ly and arming arming of the gun gun all personn personnel el shall &e cleared cleared from from the the area &eneath &eneath the rotary ta&le) around the riser and 6P stac+$ arning signs shall &e posted at all accessi&le dec+ levels to ensure that no personnel approach the #ellhead area$ ?o one is allo#ed to #or+ a&ove drill floor level$ The a&ove restrictions can &e rela2ed #hen the entire gun is &elo# ground .or sea &ed/ level$

3$

There should &e no no possi&ility possi&ility of the the drop drop &ar hanging hanging up in any of of the the tu&ulars prior to detonatio detonation$ n$ Provision shall al#ays &e made for retrieval of the drop &ar in case of dou&t$

4$

TP guns guns shall never never &e pulled to surface #ithout #ithout first retrieving retrieving the detonating detonating device device .drop &ar or &attery pac+/$

5$

%f it is not possi&le possi&le to verify verify that the the TP gun gun has fired fired and and the firing head cannot &e &e disarmed disarmed &y retrieval as in 3/) then there shall &e provision for dropping the gun$ nly disarmed guns are allo#ed to &e pulled to surface$

>$

%f the provisions provisions for either either dropping dropping the gun or safe disarming disarming of the the gun cannot &e met) met) then proper consideration should &e given to perforating &y conventional guns$

+(



@$

?ever ?ever trust or rely rely on on self-deact self-deactivating ivating TP systems$ systems$ They are intend intended ed to provide provide e2tra safety$ safety$ 9ull precautions should should &e ta+en ta+en if a TP gun has to &e pulled$ pulled$

.. ..-

Stor Stora& a&e e and and use use o1 o1 rad radio ioac acti tive ve sour source ces s

The storage) transport and use of radioactive source materials used for logging operations is governed &y local regulations enforced &y appropriate legislation$ The &asic rules to &e applied #hen using ionising radiation are given in Pu&lications ?os$ :> and >0 of the %nternational ommission on 7adiological Protection .%7P/$ The ;roup pu&lication '%onising 7adiation Safety ;uide' .7ef$ 43/ 43/ uses the recommendations of the %7P as the main source of guidance$ %n essence personnel) other than those classified as radiological #or+ers and su&1ected to special monitoring precautions) shall not &e e2posed to radioactive emissions in e2cess of :$5 micro-sieverts=hr$ 6arriers shall &e erected to prevent access to areas #here this rate of emissions is e2ceeded) and the areas #here the rate of emissions falls &et#een ! and :$5 micro-sieverts=hr shall &e designated as no stay and mar+ed accordingly a ccordingly$$ ll radioactive logging sources are housed in dedicated carrying shields$ arrying shields are to &e clearly mar+ed #ith the Transport %nde2 .T%/ num&er$ here dedicated transport containers are in use) the transport container shall &e la&elled #ith a T% eual to the sum of the source T%s contained therein$ Cpon arrival of radioactive source materials at the rig site) the source materials in their carrying shields shall &e immediately transferred from the transport container to the logging contractor's source store$ This tas+ is only to &e done &y specifically authorised personnel) e$g$ the
Table ."

Approxi0ate *arrier di%tance di%tance 3ro0 %ource container container

Transport Inde+

!egregated "istance /m0

/TI 6 mrem-hr at 9m0

5#>m v-hr

!

: $0

3

3 $5

5

4 $5

!0

> $3

!5

@ $@

:0

F $"

:5

! 0$ 0

?ote( Typical Typical full complement of sources sources .density) .density) neutron) cali&ration) etc/

The radiation dose rate at the periphery of the segregated area shall &e less than :$5 micro-sieverts per hour and #here practically possi&le &elo# !$0 micro-sieverts per hour$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

+'


;iven the space limitations at offshore locations) the segregated areas may &e difficult to achieve for transport containers$ hen this is the case) an authorised person shall &e availa&le to t ransfer sources into a suita&le protected store upon receipt$  register of radioactive sources shall &e +ept on the rig to record( •

9ull details of all sources on site

•

Transport record of the source

•

Destination of dispatched sources$

The register shall &e +ept &y the
.. .. =ishi ishin& n&  logging tool fishing operation is never routine$ %t is essential) therefore) that a pre-1o& safety meeting is held prior to em&ar+ing on a fishing 1o& so that all involved are fully a#are of the potential ha*ards of the operation$ The prime o&1ective of a fishing operation is the safe and complete recovery of the do#nhole tool$ ;ood communication communication &et#een &e t#een the ompany Drilling Dri lling Supervisor) ell Site Drilling Engineer) Toolpusher)
+*



the 1o&$ 9or stuc+ tools) the preferred fishing techniue is the reverse cut and thread method$ 6rea+ing the #ea+ point) prior to the logging tool &eing latched into the fishing overshot) shall never &e the method used for fishing operations involving radioactive sources$ To &rea+ the #ea+ point) the ca&le clamp and travelling &loc+ shall &e used$ ?ever use the logging contractor's #inch .the upper sheave &ecomes a high stress point and the ca&le is li+ely to &rea+ around the sheave/$ hen attempting to fish a tool containing a radioactive source &e it either #ireline run or <D) it is important to monitor mud returns to detect any possi&le increase in radioactivity$ Detailed information on radiation safety can &e found in '7adiation Safety anual for ell
."

.".

6eneral

ll euipment used in #ell testing shall &e fully certified for the purpose intended$ The document 'rea lassification ode for Petroleum %nstallations' .7ef$ :3/ :3/ shall &e used to define ha*ardous *one reuirements$ The appropriate authorities shall &e notified prior to any production testing) especially #here it is performed performed near populated populated areas$ The reuirem reuirement ent for such notificatio notification n is often often defined defined &y governm government ent legislation$ fter perforation) the opening of the #ell to unload the tu&ing contents and the initial flo# through the separator shall &e carried out in daylight$ Thereafter the production test may continue during hours of dar+ness$ 6urners of the type that minimise oil drop out should &e utilised$ ?oise should should &e monitored monitored and and hearing hearing defend defenders ers issued as necessary necessary .see >$>$: for further informatio information/$ n/$ The production test .onshore=offshore/ shall only &e commenced under the follo#ing conditions( •

all test facilities are fully pressure tested and chec+ed

•

fire) ,:S and a&andon location drills are held

•

adeuate #eather #indo# forecast

•

shipping and aircraft #arned to stand clear during flaring

•

stand&y &oat advised that this operation is to ta+e place) and the action and precautions necessary until the operation is completed

•

verify that the #ellhead and production valve ESD systems function correctly and that emergency shutdo#n activating &uttons are manned in a safe area throughout the test #hilst flo#ing formation fluids to surface

•

chec+ that all eco type hammer unions are properly matched and according to agreed standardised type$

•

a pre-1o& safety meeting has &een held to discuss the test and ensure all personnel are a#are of their responsi&ilities and any restrictions imposed$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

+


ll hot #or+ shall cease during the production test$ ranes shall not &e used over or near #irelines) flo#lines) separators) heater or cho+e manifold$ Personnel not directly involved #ith the operation shall stay #ell clear of production lines$ hen methanol is used as an agent to prevent=dissolve hydrates) a supply of salt should &e +ept close &y to spread on any spillage$ This #ill produce a visi&le flame should the methanol &e ignited$ ooling #ater hoses shall &e laid out on the flare side$ %n the event that the am&ient temperature drops significantly &elo# *ero) and icing pro&lems are o&served to &e occurring as a result of the cooling spray) testing operations should &e terminated) possi&ly &eing restarted using &rine as a cooling fluid$ ;lycol=#ater mi2ture and lo# free*ing point hydraulic fluids should &e used in all critical lines= systems$ viation fuel tan+s and all pressurised &ottles shall &e located a#ay from radiant heat and cooled) if reuired$ of the Production ,and&oo+ 'Production perations' .7ef$ 4>/ 4>/ also contains useful information$

."."

=racturin&

The euipment up to the last #ellhead valve should &e hydraulically tested to a pressure a&ove the e2pected fracturing pressure$ This pressure shall not e2ceed the safe #or+ing pressure of the #ea+est component in the system$  chec+ valve or other device shall &e installed in the system to prevent &ac+flo# &ac+flo# should should a lea+ in the the system occur occur$$ ll piping) including vent lines) shall &e adeuately anchored$ They should not transmit hydraulic vi&rations to the #ellhead$ 9irefighting euipment shall &e placed at strategic locations and &e easily accessi&le$ 7eceiving vessels for relief or &leed-off lines from the #ellhead or pumping euipment shall have adeuate venting$

+/



%f crude is to &e used as fracturing liuid it should &e #eathered for at least :4 hours to eliminate the more volatile components$  pre-1o& safety meeting shall &e held to appraise personnel of their responsi&ilities and any restrictions that may &e imposed$

.".%

Acidisin&

,ydrochloric and other acids used for stimulating production from a #ell are corrosive and rapidly affect s+in) causing severe &urns$ 6reathing of the fumes shall &e avoided as even small uantities can damage mucous mem&ranes$ Personnel handling acid shall &e euipped #ith protective clothing including respirator) goggles) gloves and &oots$ n adeuate supply of #ater and lime should &e availa&le to neutralise any acid spillage or contact #ith s+in$ cid inhi&itors are to2ic$ %t is essential to o&tain full ,SE information &efore e2ecution of any acid 1o&$
.".(

Cryo&enic operations

3i)uid nitro&en
face shield

•

insulated gloves

•

long sleeve shirts

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

++


•

cuffless trousers .#orn outside &oots/$

void s+in contact .as liuid nitrogen causes immediate damage/ from( •

liuid lea+ing from euipment

•

cold euipment surface$

llo#ing liuid nitrogen to &e spilt on car&on steel or structures is dangerous as car&on steel &ecomes &rittle at appro2imately -40 °$ henever such a spillage has occurred the area should &e chec+ed for crac+s$

3i)uid nitro&en pumpin& 6asic rule( +eep suction pressure as high as possi&le a&ove suction vapour pressure$ 6oiling occurs #hen the saturation vapour pressure euals the line pressure$ Therefore the line pressure must &e maintained at as high a level a&ove the saturation pressure as possi&le$

Materials 1or cryo&enic service ost construction materials are adversely affected &y e2treme lo# temperatures$ %t is imperative that components engineered for use in cryogenic service &e chosen from suita&le approved materials) e$g$( •

copper and its alloys

•

stainless steels

•

aluminium

•

high nic+el content steels$

Non,cryo&enic materials These #ill &ecome critically &rittle if su&1ected to e2posure to very lo# temperatures$ They include( •

car&on steel

•

lo# alloy steels

•

most ru&&ers

•

most plastics$

3i)uid air ha5ard m&ient air condenses on the cold surfaces of liuid nitrogen piping systems$ s the &oiling point of nitrogen is lo#er than the &oiling point of o2ygen) liuid air can result in puddles containing appro2imately 5: per cent o2ygen$ This o2ygen enriched air may cause normally non-com&usti&le materials to &ecome flamma&le and normally flamma&le material to &urn at an increased rate$ %t is therefore necessary to ensure that no potentially com&usti&le materials are left around liuid nitrogen euipment$ Tidy house+eeping is mandatory for a safe operation$

--



#7y&en de1iciency hilst using nitrogen) there is al#ays the possi&ility that gaseous nitrogen dilutes the o2ygen around the area of operation$ perators shall &rief all personnel of the potential ha*ards of o2ygen starvation$

Table .%

S10pto0% o3 ox1gen de3icienc1

%er %ercent centag agee o+ o+ygen ygen at 9 atm atm

!ymp !ympttoms oms of O5 deficiency

!:-!4

7espiration deeper) pulse faster) co-ordination poor

!0-!:

;iddiness) poor 1udgement) lips &lue

F-!0

?ausea) vomiting) unconsciousness) ashen face

>-F

F min) !00Q dieJ > min) 50Q die and 50Q recover #ith treatment 4-5 minutes) all recover #ith treatment

4

oma in 40 seconds) convulsions) respiration ceases) death

 slight o2ygen deficiency results in deeper respiration) faster pulse and poor co-ordination$ s o2ygen deficiency increases) 1udgement deteriorates uic+ly) so that the importance of moving to a #ell ventilated area may not &e understood$ lso note that one full &reath of pure nitrogen #ill strip &lood of necessary o2ygen resulting in a loss of consciousness$

.%

Coiled Tubin& #perations

The use of coiled tu&ing .T/ for a #ide range of applications in drilling) completion) #or+over and #ell treatment operations is esta&lished as an economic means of operating to save rig time or to operate #ithout a rig in situ$ %t is a rapidly developing area of the &usiness and it is important for users to stay a&reast of changing methods) techniues and controls as technological improvements #iden the scope of applications$ The company providing coiled tu&ing services shall &e fully involved in the planning of operations and verify that the T unit to &e used is suita&le for the application planned and that the operational procedures procedures provide provide a level level of control control that assures the safe conduct conduct of the operation$ operation$  num&er of ha*ards associated #ith T operations have &een identified$ ny operations #ith T in a potentially potentially live live #ell #ell shall &e treated treated in the the same #ay as any conve conventional ntional #ell #ell control control reuirem reuirement ent along along #ith its associated 6P euipment$ ny T operation #ith other ad1acent #ells producing shall &e treated as a concurrent operation and su&1ect to concurrent operational restraints and safety precautions$ T fishing operations shall &e detailed in a clear T programme specific to the application and site conditions$ Every T unit shall maintain and have availa&le for inspection a full '7eel Ctilisation Data Sheet') #hich includes the follo#ing historic data( •

type of #or+ done

•

depths run

•

num&er of cycles .tu&ing passed through goosenec+/

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

-


•

#elds$

ll #elding carried out on T shall &e fully documented giving details of su&seuent R-ray results and 7oc+#ell hardness tests$ omplete and detailed procedure are reuired for T #elding$  full tool&o2 meeting shall &e held prior to each T operation identifying responsi&ilities) channels of communication and emergency response in case of euipment failure or local alarm$ ny non-routine repair #or+ to coiled tu&ing during operations shall &e covered &y a permit-to-#or+) #ith potential ha*ards identified &efore #or+ starts$ Particular care should &e ta+en #hen #or+ing on systems #here there is relative movement &et#een the in1ector head and the rig$ The incorporation of a mechanical loc+ing device on the main T reel is recommended so that undesira&le reel movement can &e positively prevented in the event of po#er failure$ During T operations) non-essential personnel shall &e +ept #ell clear of the T and unit$ %t should &e pointed pointed out to all personne personnell #or+ing #or+ing in the the area that T can fail causing potential potential sprays of high pressure acid if the tu&ing &usts or unpredicta&le #hiplash movement if the tu&ing parts at surface$ This is a particular ha*ard during fishing fishing operations$ operations$ Surface facilities) 6Ps) lines and Rmas tree shall &e tested to at least the ma2imum anticipated operating pressure prior to comme commencin ncing g operations$ operations$

.(

Concurrent #perations

.(.

6eneral

oncurrent operations are defined as the simultaneous e2ecution of t#o or more ris+ activities #hich) due to their interaction) result in an increased operational comple2ity and enhanced level of ris+$ ny com&ination of the ris+ activities is considered to increase the pro&a&ility of incurring ris+ conseuences #hen carried out concurrently$ Such activities #ould include the follo#ing( •

production production

•

construction

•

maintenance

•

drilling

•

#or+over

•

#ell testing

•

#ell services

•

diving

•

heavy lifts

•

transport operations$ operations$

This su&1ect is summarised &elo# &ut prior to any concurrent operations &eing underta+en) reference shall &e made made to the local local concurrent concurrent operations operations manual$ here here no no manual e2ists) e2ists) S%EP can assist in one's development) generally &y supplying e2amples from other pcos$ hile this process is ongoing) specific controls shall &e agreed &y relevant supervisors at co-ordination meetings and approved &y department heads$

-"



The advice given in this su&-paragraph is particularly aimed at operations involving an independent rig #or+ing alongside a production platform$ Some general o&servations are( •

all supervisors involved in concurrent operations should meet daily to identify and resolve any potential overlap of operations and responsi&ilities

•

a fundamental rule for concurrent operations is to classify all operations as either ha*ardous or nonha*ardous and only allo# one ha*ardous operation to occur at any one time

•

single point responsi&ility is essential$ ll supervisors controlling operations shall report and liaise through the single point

•

the person in charge of concurrent operations shall &e trained=competent to &e a&le to ma+e sound decisions

•

management inspections should &e carried out 1ointly &y platform and rig &ased supervisors

•

•

plan directional directional drillin drilling g logically logically$.high $.high angle #ells #ells from outer outer slots/ to minimise minimise collision collision ris+s and ma+e #ell paths uncomplicated have a #ell-defined cone of uncertainty and a resulting #ell shut-in policy$

.(."

Procedures

lear #ritten instructions and plans are reuired in order to limit the e2tra ris+ associated #ith concurrent activities$ n operations plan shall &e prepared for each location #here concurrent operations are to ta+e place stating the conditions to &e met and procedures to &e follo#ed$ This plan shall cover at least the follo#ing areas( •

a narrative description of all operations

•

individual duties and responsi&ilities

•

arrangement and location of euipment

•

integration of alarm and emergency systems &et#een rig and platform

•

integration of mustering system &et#een rig and platform

•

routing of all pipelines and their service

•

integration of ha*ardous *one delineations

•

periodic periodic special testing testing and drills of safety systems systems and devic devices es

•

conditions for securing and restarting of activities

•

communication procedures and reporting lines

•

escape routes

•

contingency plan

•

dissemination of information to all involved parties

•

on-site containment) rescue and evacuation training

•

an activities matri2 determining permitted) conditional and prohi&ited concurrent activities$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

-%


.(.%

Supervision

Principle oncurrent operations necessitate optimum co-ordination of activities and defined lines of responsi&ility to ensure operational efficiency and the safeguarding of personnel and euipment$ To this end) the %) or person in charge) charge) shall chair a daily) daily) minuted minuted co-ordinatio co-ordination n meeting meeting attended attended &y all on-site on-site department department heads and others necessary for the effective conduct of the meeting$ The meeting should cover the planned operations for the day) any ha*ards #hich may arise out of the individual operations or their concurrency #ith other operations) and permits or other reuirements necessary for their safe management$

#verall supervision Single point responsi&ility for management of the location #here concurrent operations are &eing carried out shall &e maintained at all times$ The responsi&le person #ill &e the ffshore %nstallation anager .%/ or his euivalent in an onshore facility$ Each individual activity shall &e supervised &y a competent supervisor) #ho has the responsi&ility to verify that the activity is adeuately protected &y a minimum of t#o &arriers #ith proven integrity$ ,e is also responsi&le for reporting status) and change of status) to the single point co-ordinator$

Communication 7egular meetings should ta+e place &et#een the supervisors to discuss ,SE issues and the planned #or+ programme$ programme$ hanges from from a previously previously agreed agreed programme programme shall &e &e highlight highlighted ed and adeuately adeuately discussed #ith all involved parties$

Permits,to,$or; ll concurrent activities other than routine production) drilling) maintenance or construction operations shall &e rigorously controlled &y the use of #or+ permits signed &y supervisors of the individual activities and the supervisor=manager responsi&le for the overall operation$

Control o1 personnel movement The movement of personnel &et#een drilling rig and platform shall &e strictly controlled$ t no time shall there &e more people on the rig or the platform than life saving euipment e2ists for or certification allo#s for$ Procedures for the mustering of) or accounting for) personnel on the t#o locations shall &e in place) #ell +no#n and practised$ Escape routes to and from the rig shall &e clearly indicated$ Personnel arriving at the installation shall &e provided #ith any reuired personal protective euipment for transit from the arrival point to the accommodation and report immediately to the % or his nominated deputy$

.(.(

Speci1ic re)uirements

Specific reuirements shall &e detailed in the local concurrent operation manual and should &e used in con1unction #ith any local statutory reuirements to produce the #ritten plan for each case$

-(



:arriers Each individual activity is protected &y &arriers .protection mechanisms/ #hich #ould have to fail &efore control is lost$ perations may proceed if each individual activity is protected &y a minimum of t#o independent and tested &arriers) #ith the provision that neither of these &arriers &ecomes nullified &y virtue of the concurrent activity$ here a &arrier fails) immediate action shall &e ta+en) #ithin the constraints of concurrent operations) to restore t#o &arrier integrity$ The follo#ing may &e considered as &arriers( •

drilling fluid in the hole of sufficient density to over&alance formation pressures$ The drilling fluid shall &e su&1ect to continuous monitoring to ualify

•

a tested 6P stac+

•

cased hole #here the casing is unperforated or has not &een drilled out) or #here a tested cement or &ridge plug plug is in place$ place$

9or completion and #or+over operations the follo#ing &arriers once tested may also &e considered( •

deepset #ireline plug .&elo# production pac+er/

•

drilling or completion fluid in the #ell of sufficient density to over&alance formation pressures$ The fluid shall &e su&1ect to continuous monitoring to ualify

•

Rmas tree

•

a t#o #ay chec+ valve is installed in the tu&ing hanger

and on the annulus side( •

a tested pac+er=completion .production/ pac+er

•

tested seals on the tu&ing hanger

The safety of the drilling or #or+over operation may &e threatened &y events occurring in other concurrent activities$

Sur1ace Controlled Sub,sur1ace Sa1ety 4alves @SCSS4  Surface ontrolled Su&-surface Safety 8alve .SSS8/ shall not &e considered as a 'programmed' &arrier #ith regard to #ell #ell interve intervention$ ntion$ %n %n cases of emerge emergency ncy)) #here other other &arriers cannot &e &e installed installed and tested) an SSS8 may &e regarded as a &arrier) provided that it #as in place and tested &efore the emergency arose$ .i$e$ it has a #or+ing trac+ record/$ Even in this case) management consent shall &e gained prior to the start of #or+ and contingency arrangements) in case the &arrier fails) shall &e in place and tested$

the situation #here #ell &ore paths are converging

•

actual survey depths #hich are freuently !0-!5m off &ottom

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

-'


hen the #ell &eing drilled is on a converging course #ith an e2isting production #ell and the criteria mentioned a&ove apply) the production #ell shall &e closed-in and euipped #ith an inflo# tested do#nhole do#nhole plug located loca ted &elo# the pac+er$ p ac+er$ onductor driving operations also reuire special attention #hich shall include monitoring the conductor path and closing-in closing-in #ells #ells #ithin the cone cone of uncertainty uncertainty$$

Ri& movin& operations hen moving a rig or tender on or off the platform and #hile positioning same at the platform) it may &e necessary to cease and secure all other activities if an unaccepta&le ris+ e2ists to the platform or personnel$ personnel$  pre-move meeting attended &y drilling) production and marine staff shall &e held to plan the move and assess the ris+s$ n effective #ell handover procedure shall &e in place #hich details the status of #ells and other production facilities on the platform$ See 4$4$5 for additional information$

.(. .(.' '

The surface integrity for completion and production #ireline operation is assured &y the follo#ing &arriers( •

the lu&ricator=stuffing &o2=6P assem&ly

•

the Rmas tree #ith a remote-controlled upper master valve #ith #ireline cutting capa&ility .or an actuated valve installed on top of the tree/$

?ormally the #ireline #ireline retrieva&le retrieva&le SSS8 #ill &e pulled pulled .or .or #hen using a tu&ing retrieva&le retrieva&le su&-surface safety valve . T7SS8/ it #ill &e hydraulically maintained open/ during #ireline operations) so that a do#nhole &arrier #ill not &e availa&le$ 9or this reason #ireline #or+ in live #ells reuires special attention$ ireline #or+ may have to &e interrupted and #ell made safe to allo# other critical #or+ to progress$ The appropriate operating procedures and euipment shall &e used as mentioned in 'ell Services ;uidance anual'.7ef$ 4F/$ 4F/$ Selected safety precautions from the referenced manual .chapter F/ are given here to emphasise their importance( •

 #ireline &lo#out preventer shall &e used for #or+ on all #ells capa&le of flo#

•

ontrol of the SSS8 and surface safety valve shall &e transferred to a remote panel operated &y the #ireline cre# during #ireline operations

•

here possi&le) #hen depressuring lu&ricators) gas should &e vented through e2isting facilities

•

Depressurisation of a lu&ricator shall &e confirmed &y opening the second !=: inch connection in the lo#er section of the lu&ricator to chec+ that hydrate &loc+age of the primary depressurisation needle has not occurred

•

fter installation on the #ellhead) the lu&ricator shall &e pressurised and tested according to procedures$ procedures$

-*



During concurrent operations the #or+ shall &e discussed at the daily co-ordination meeting and appropriate controls put in place to ass ure its safe s afe conduct$ conduct$ The same guidelines as listed a&ove are valid for non-rig assisted logging #or+$

.'

ireline .slic+line/ operations may &e conducted through the rotary ta&le for a num&er of purposes$ During any #ireline operations the Driller on shift is responsi&le for the overall safety on the rig floor and for maintaining primary pressure control over the #ell$ hen a hristmas tree is installed) the #ireline operator shall use #ireline &lo#out preventers and a lu&ricator$ Pressure integrity shall &e confirmed prior to running tools in the hole$ perational safety procedures procedures are similar to electric electric loggin logging g operations) operations) see @$!$

.*

Divin&R#4 #perations

Diving #or+ is underta+en less freuently than in the past as many of the tas+s #hich reuired human intervention are carried out &y remotely operated vehicles .78s/$ here diving is underta+en the reuirements of the document 'Cnder#ater ,and&oo+ - Diving' .7ef$ 4"/ 4"/ shall &e follo#ed$ The Diving Supervisor shall &e +ept fully informed of all on-going #or+$ ,is advice on matters involving the health and safety of divers shall &e follo#ed$ The follo#ing guidelines are ta+en from the document 'Diving perations anagement ;uidelines' .7ef$ 50/( 50/( •

see+ to minimise the need for e2posure of personnel to hyper&aric .i$e$ raised pressure=under#ater/ environments

•

contract all diving #or+ as a service

•

invite &ids only from those diving contractors #ith a good record of capa&ility) health and safety in all aspects of diving

•

apply as a minimum contractual standard the CL legislation for diving operations .and reuire contractors to adopt the guidance) recommendations and instructions contained in the CL ,ealth and Safety E2ecutive Diving Safety emoranda/ as the under#ater service industry consensus of the 'state of the art' for diving operations

•

reuire contractors to utilise under#ater service industry accepted techniues to monitor and protect the health of divers$ %n this conte2t 'monitor' means to record &oth the time=depth e2posure of divers and any chemical and physical factors #hich may &e ha*ardous to health

•

inspect=audit the personnel) euipment) procedures and controls against contract conditions

•

reuire contractors to demonstrate proper functioning of critical systems

•

reuire all diving operations to &e carried out under appropriate or+ Permit procedures$

.*. •

•

Special pr precautions

The diving system should &e set up on the rig clear of any drilling euipment &ut still close enough for the &ell to &e #ithin ready access to the su&sea euipment for diver convenience and safety$ ?otices shall shall &e posted on on the rig #hen diving diving is in progress and every everyone one made made a#are that nothin nothing g #ill &e put or dropped into the #ater #hen divers are in the #ater$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

-


•

%n shallo# #aters visi&ility under #ater can &e very poor #hich can &e made #orse &y the dumping of mud or cement$ This should therefore &e avoided$

.*."

Restrictions

?o diving diving operations operations shall &e &e carried out during during the follo follo#ing #ing operations( operations( •

top hole drilling

•

during total losses or dump flooding the #ell from the sea &ed

•

#ell control activity) #ell under pressure

•

pressure testing su&-surface su&-surface euipment euipment .floating .floating drilling drilling operations/ operations/

•

during heavy lifting

•

loading=offloading supply &oats

•

emergency alarm status) e$g$ , :S or fire

•

seismic recording in the vicinity) particularly if using e2plosives$

hen the dive is carried out) the follo#ing operations shall cease( •

movement movement of euipment out&oard out&o ard

•

use of thrusters) e2cept on DP vessels

•

&allasting or de-&allasting de-&allasting

•

dumping of mud

•

sea suctions shall &e isolated as reuired) though the firefighting system should not &e incapacitated

The stand&y vessel shall &e informed that diving is &eing carried out$

.

Standby 4essels

ffshore rigs should have a stand&y vessel in attendance at all times$ %n some areas of operations this is mandatory$ %f) for any reason) it is decided not to provide the service) this shall only &e done after a documented ris+ assessment has &een carried out to consider the implications) and any necessary changes to standards and procedures have &een made$ %n some areas) rules and regulations govern the construction) survey and operation of stand&y vessels$ Typical are the documents 'ssessment of the Suita&ility of Stand&y 8essels ttending ffshore %nstallations' .7ef$ 5!/$ 5!/$ and 'ffshore %nstallation .Emergency Procedures/ 7egulations !"@>' .7ef$ 5:/$ 5:/$

..

6eneral re)uirements

Stand&y vessels shall at all times &e not more than :0 minutes steaming distance from the installation it is supporting$ The vessel shall &e classified as capa&le of carrying the total num&er of personnel on the installation and shall &e euipped to provide first-aid treatment$ 9ast rescue craft shall &e +ept on &oard the stand&y vessel) #hich shall &e immediately availa&le for launching to rescue personnel$

-/



.."

Duties

The main duties are( •

to rescue personnel #ho have fallen into or deli&erately entered the sea to escape from the installation

•

to assist in the evacuation of the installation and accommodate rescued personnel

•

to provide first aid to survivors

•

to monitor the safety *one of 500 m around the installation and to #arn vessels to stay outside this *one

•

to maintain close o&servation of personnel #or+ing over the side of the rig

•

to provide radio communications #ith rescue facilities in an emergency situation$

%n lieu of legislative reuirements in some areas) the follo#ing details some other stand&y vessel reuirements( The aster of the stand&y vessel shall ensure that( •

the vessel is under po#er #ith at least one engine running :4 hours a day and the other on stand&y for immediate start

•

the vessel is at no time further than :0 minutes steaming from the rig on one engine

•

a :4 hour radio and visual #atch of the rig is maintained at all times$ %n case of poor visi&ility) vessel and rig shall closely monitor each other's position and the position of other shipping on the radar

•

the vessel proceeds immediately to the area of an emergency) as indicated &y the rig$ The rig #ill indicate &y radio=horn=signal and give full details of the emergency as uic+ly as possi&le

•

on arrival or departure of the helicopter) the vessel is to &e #ithin 500 m up#ind of the rig) clear of the flight path of the helicopter and #ith &oth engines running

•

the vessel o&serves for and reports to the rig any gas &u&&ling during top hole drilling

•

the vessel reports to the rig any oil=pollution slic+ o&served) regardless of its source

•

the vessel monitors for and collects any floating de&ris .e$g$ logs) plastics) etc/ #hich is sighted #ithin the 500 metre e2clusion *one) thus protecting the rig's DP system from damage .as applica&le/

•

in con1unction #ith the rig) the vessel regularly performs emergency drills of all types

•

the fast rescue &oat engine is run at least once per #ee+ and the &oat is launched and tested .#eather permitting/ permitting/

The aster of the vessel shall also ensure the follo#ing( •

the prohi&ition of alcohol=drugs=#eapons

•

leaving the location is permitted only after the prior permission of the rig's %

•

vessel is moved immediately up#ind of the rig in the event that an , :S alarm is given

•

regular chec+s are made of the vessel's porta&le radio sets and life support euipment to ensure that these are maintained in full #or+ing condition at all times

•

no #aste is dumped over&oard$

..%

Responsibilities

The stand&y vessel shall &e under the authority of the senior person on the installation .the contractor's Senior Toolpusher or ffshore %nstallation anager/$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

-+


%f the stand&y vessel is contracted &y the ompany) the ompany Drilling Supervisor on the installation is reuired to ensure that contractual o&ligations are fulfilled$ 7egular 'man over&oard' drills shall &e performed and logged$ These drills shall not &e conducted #hen #eather conditions present unaccepta&le ha*ards to stand&y vessel personnel$
./

Helicopter #perations

,elicopters #ill generally &e used as the principle means of transporting personnel &et#een rig and shore in an offshore operation$ 7egulations governing the use of helicopters are contained in Shell ircraft
./.

Trainin&

ll personnel travelling &y helicopter to and from an offshore installation are reuired to &e &riefed on safety procedures procedures prior to &oarding the aircraft$ The drilling contractor is reuired to train and properly euip helidec+ firefighting cre#s) one of #hom shall &e present at every landing and ta+e off$ dditionally a ,elicopter
-




EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995




APPEND!0 ! P#3!C!ES =i&ure !.

Polic1 guideline% on health6 %a3et1 and the en$iron0ent

%t is the policy of Shell companies to conduct their activities in such a #ay as to ta+e foremost account of the health and safety of their employees and of other persons) and to give proper regard to the conservation of the environment$ They aim to &e among the leaders in their respective industries in these matters$ 'ealth

Shell companies see+ to conduct their activities in such a #ay as to avoid harm to the health of their employees and others) and to promote) as appropriate) the health of their employees$ !afety

Shell companies #or+ on the principle that all in1uries should &e prevented and actively promote amongst all those associated #ith their activities the high standards of safety consciousness and discipline that this principle deman ds$ )nvironment

Shell companies( •

pursue in their t heir operations p rogressive reductions of emissions) emissions) effluents effluents and discharges of #aste #aste materials that are +no#n to have a negative impact on the environment) #ith the ultimate aim of eliminating them

•

aim to provide products and services supported #ith practical advice #hich) #hen used in accordance #ith this advice) #ill not cause in1ury or undue effect on the environment

•

promote protection of environments #hich may &e affected affected &y the development of their activities an d see+ continuous improvement in efficiency efficiency of use of natural resources and energy$

Common Common '!) aspects

Shell companies( •

assess health) safety and environmental aspects &efore entering into ne# activities and reassess them in case of significant change in circumstances

•

reuire contractors #or+ing on their &ehalf to apply health) safety and environmental standards fully compati&le #ith their o#n

•

recognise the concerns of shareholders) employees and society on health) safety and environmental matters) provide them #ith relevant information and discuss #ith them related ompany policies and practices

•

develop and maintain contingency procedures) in co-operation #ith authorities and emergency services) in order to minimise harm from any accidents

•

#or+ #ith government and others in the development of improved regulations and industry standards #hich relate to health) safety and environmental matters

•

conduct or support research to#ards the improvement of health) safety and environmental aspects of their products) processes and operations

•

facilitate the transfer to ot hers) freely or on a commercial &asis) of +no#-ho# +no#-ho# developed &y Shell companies in these fields$

Endorsed &y the ommittee of anaging Directors - une !""!$

"


Appendix I Policie%

=i&ure !."

Polic1 on %u*%tance a*u%e

"efinition

Su&stance is defined as any su&stance #hich chemically modifies the &ody's function resulting in psychological psychological or &ehavioural cha nge$ %n this t his conte2t su&stance includes &ut is n ot limited to alcohol ) into2icating products and medication$ Su&stance a&use is the use of these su&stances in a harmful or improper #ay$ *ackground

The ompany conducts its &usiness against high standards of safety and concern for the environment$ %n all areas of activity it pursues the reduction of ris+ to &oth$ lso) the ompany is committed to maintaining a healthy and productive #or+place$ ll ll employees are e2pected to share in these o&1ectives$ o&1ectives$ The a&use of su&stances in any uantity ho#ever small can impair performance at #or+) and can &e a serious threat to safety and environment) health and productivity$ The ompany #ishes to ensure that all employees recognise this threat and aims at minimising the ris+s involved$ %n order to achieve this) the follo#ing follo#ing policy #ill apply and an d #ill &e part of the employee's conditions conditions of employment$ %olicy

!$

:$ 3$ 4$ 5$

>$

@$

F$

The ompany ompany recognise recognisess alcohol alcohol or drugs depende dependence nce as as a treata&le treata&le condition$ condition$ Employ Employees ees #ho have an alcohol or drugs dependence are encouraged to see+ medical advice) and to follo# appropriate treatment promptly$ promptly$ The ompany #ill assist an employee to o&tain treat ment and an d employees #ho #ho see+ such help #ill not place employment in 1eopardy &y doing so) although alternative #or+ might &e considered$ The normal ompany &enefits #hich apply in the case of any illness #ill &e availa&le$ 6eing 6eing at #or+ #or+ #hile #hile impaired impaired &y &y drugs drugs or or alcohol alcohol is stric strictly tly prohi&i prohi&ited ted$$ The illicit illicit use of legal su&stan su&stances ces or the use) possess possession) ion) distri&ution distri&ution or sale sale of of illegal illegal su&stanc su&stances es on ompany &usiness or locations is strictly prohi&ited$ Preced Preceding ing emplo employme yment) nt) the omp ompany any #ill #ill test test for for su& su&stan stance ce a&us a&use$ e$ The ompan ompany y may condu conduct ct unannounce unannounced d searche searchess for drugs drugs and alcoho alcoholl or any other other su&stan su&stance ce on ompany locations$ %t may also reuire employees to su&mit to alcohol and drugs testing #here a good faith reason e2ists to suspect alcohol or drug a&use$ Cnannounced) periodic or random testing #ill &e conducted #hen an employee employee meets any one of the follo#ing conditions( A holds a safety and environmental ly sensitive position A holds a dedicated management mana gement position A holds a position #here testing is reuired &y la# A holds a position #here the i ndividual acts alo ne or unsupervised$ %f a test test result result is positiv positive) e) in most most cases) cases) on a first first time &asis &asis only) only) the employ employee ee #ill #ill &e allo#ed allo#ed to continue in employment provided there is compliance #ith the appropriate reha&ilitation procedures .e$g$ education) counselling) treatment and unannounced testing/$ Dismis Dismissal sal #ill #ill norma normally lly occur occur in the foll follo# o#ing ing circ circums umstanc tances( es( A failure to co-operate #ith the implementation of this policy A failure to comply #ith the appropriate reh a&ilitation procedures A the use) possession) distri&ution or sale of illegal drugs or su&stances on ompany &usiness or locations A the use or possession of alcohol alcohol on ompany &usiness or locations unless previously authorised) and the use or possession of alcohol in safety or environmentally sensitive positions A a second positive test result follo#ing follo#ing a prior p rior positive result from a ompany initi ated test #here employment has &een continued) or after an earlier identification of an a&use pro&lem$ ll contractor contractorss are reuired reuired to ensure that their employ employees ees do not create create a presence presence of of su&stanc su&stancee a&use a&use on ompany &usiness or locations$ %n addition) contractors #ho perform safety or environmentally sensitive #or+ are reuired to provide evidence of a comprehensive su&stance a&use policy and practices at least euivalent to those in force #ithin th e ompany$ ompany$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%


APPEND!0 !! RESP#NS!:!3!T!ES #= 2E> STA== STA== !!.

Company #perations Sta11 Responsibilities

!!..

Head o1 Drillin& En&ineerin&

The ,ead of Drilling Engineering shall &e responsi&le for ensuring that appropriate technical and operating standards are in place and to provide cohesion) direction and consistency throughout his area of responsi&ility for ,SE such that staff discharge their duties in a professional manner and to a consistent standard$ ore activities #ill include( •

the specification) maintenance and monitoring of policies) procedures and standards

•

the harmonisation of ompany and contractor policies) procedures and standards to a consistent and unam&iguous approach

•

the dissemination of technical information

•

the maintaining of appropriate contacts in the Shell ;roup and #ith e2ternal resources$

•

the provision of guidelines to his su&ordinate supervisors

•

maintaining an a#areness of the professional competence of all staff and co-ordinating their development through appropriate operational e2posure and training$

!!.."

Company Drillin& Supervisor

The ompany Drilling Supervisor is the ompany 's senior representative on site$ ,is role #ith regard to ,SE is to verify that the drilling contractor and service and su&contractors perform #or+) under their respective contracts) in a manner #hich assures the health and safety of staff and avoids harmful emissions to the environment$ s such he should &e familiar #ith the provisions of the various contracts and &e competent to verify correct implementation$ ,is specific responsi&ilities relating to ,SE include( •

verifying the implementation of ha*ards and effects management controls

•

ma+ing uality assurance chec+s on contractors inspections

•

ta+ing part in accident investigations as dictated &y the application of the '%ncident Potential atri2'

•

participating in ,SE meetings meetings

•

ma+ing structured inspections of the facility in con1unction #ith the senior contractor representative and follo#ing up on corrective actions

•

verifying that #ell integrity is &eing properly maintained

•

verifying that effective lines of communication &et#een the various contractors are &eing maintained

•

alerting &ase supervisors to any changes #hich have a significant negative impact on #ell or operational operational ,SE

•

+eeping themselves fully appraised of ongoing operations$

(


Appendix II #e%pon%i*ilitie% o3 e1 Sta33

!!..%

The ellsite Drilling Engineer's ,SE responsi&ilities include o&serving that the follo#ing activities are performed performed safely and and #ithout #ithout endangeri endangering ng the health health of personne personnell or damaging damaging the environm environment ent &y verifying that( •

electric logging operations are conducted such that( A radioactive sources are handled handled in a manner manner that avoids non-lo non-loggin gging g contractor staff &eing &eing e2posed e2posed to levels of radioactive emissions a&ove :$5 micro-Sieverts=hr A logging logging contractor contractor staff #ear their film &adgesJ A radio silence silence procedures procedures are o&served o&served during during pertinent pertinent operationsJ operationsJ A ha*ardous areas are prohi&ited to non-essentia non-essentiall staff$

•

radioactive sources sources are stored such that( A the area in #hich #hich radioactive radioactive emissions emissions e2ceed e2ceed :$5 micro-sie micro-sieverts=hr verts=hr is &arriered A the area #here #here radioactive emissions emissions fall &et#ee &et#een n :$5 - !$0 micro-sieverts=hr micro-sieverts=hr is designate designated d as 'no stay'

• •

the radioactive source register is +ept up to date primary and secondary secondary e2plosiv e2plosives es are stored separately either either in an area protected protected &y a deluge deluge system system or on a 1ettisona&le platform

•

the e2plosives register is +ept up to date

•

mud chemicals and mud testing chemicals are stored and handled in a manner that assures the safety of staff

•

chemical safety data sheets are posted and a copy +ept &y the medic

!!."

Contractor 3ine Sta11

!!.".

Contractor Ri Ri& Ma Mana&er

The contractor 7ig anager is accounta&le for the follo#ing ,SE matters( •

liaising #ith the ompany's ,ead of Drilling Engineering to assure compati&ility &et#een ompany and contractor safety systems) plans and o&1ectives

•

developing ,SE o&1ectives and plans to meet those o&1ectives #hich derive from the contract) his company's corporate policy and the drilling programme

•

maintaining the rig ,SE ase.s/ for the rig.s/under his control

•

esta&lishing the organisation and controls #hich ensure that all activity) including those performed &y service and su&contractors) is conducted in accordance #ith the ,SE ase

•

demonstrating his commitment to high ,SE standards &y ma+ing regular structured visits to the rig #ith specific ,SE o&1ectives and through providing the resources to effect recommended improvements

•

ensuring that staff are trained such that they develop the necessary competence to ena&le them to #or+ safely and avoid damage to the environment

•

liaising #ith the ompany) to select service and su&contractors #ho can meet the same standards as themselves and monitor their #or+ to confirm these standards are &eing maintained

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

'


•

ma+ing suita&le arrangements for consultation #ith line supervisors) employees and service and su&contractors' representatives on health) safety and environmental matters

•

ma+ing certain that all incidents involving in1ury to persons) damage to property or the environment) and those having potential for serious effect are thoroughly investigated and that effective follo#-up action is ta+en &y( A esta&lishing esta&lishing remedial remedial action action reuireme reuirements nts A identify identifying ing action parties A esta&lishing esta&lishing completion completion targets A regularly revie revie#ing #ing progress$

•

esta&lishing and discussing #ith su&ordinates individual responsi&ilities) targets and accounta&ilities for health) safety and the protection of the environment and confirm these during performance appraisal

•

setting a clear leadership e2ample &y his o#n actions$

!!."." ."."

Cont Contra ract ctor or Ri& Ri& Supe Superi rint nten ende dent nt @Sen @Senio iorr Too Toolp lpus ushe her r

n an offshore rig the contractor 7ig Superintendent or Senior Toolpusher #ill often also &e the % #ith responsi&ilities defined &y legislation and=or ompany policy$ The contractor 7ig Superintendent is responsi&le for the e2ecution of all #ell and associated #or+ programmes$ programmes$ This includes) includes) rig moving) moving) the the drilling) drilling) completio completion) n) perforation and testing of of ne# #ells) #ells) the repair of e2isting #ells &y #or+over and the maintenance of the drilling facility) safety of the installation and all personnel on &oard$ Ley safety responsi&ilities responsi&ilities include assurance assur ance that( •

ha*ards are identified) assessed and controlled and plans for recovery are effectively in place

•

in1ury to personnel) assets or the environment) is prevented

•

the emergency=contingency plan is opera&le and tested and all site staff are competent to perform their assigned duties

•

safe #or+ing codes and practices are implemented for all operations in accordance #ith recognised policies) policies) standards and procedures procedures as agreed &y the ompany ompany

•

prompt action is ta+en to rectify rectify any defici deficienci encies es in #or+ing #or+ing practices practices or conditions conditions

•

all employees receive appropriate induction and training in all aspects of their #or+ and o&serve such safety reuirements reuirements as the #or+ situation #arrants

•

safety rules and procedures are follo#ed and should transgressions &e o&served) corrective action is ta+en to ensure future compliance

•

,SE meetings are held as follo#s( A

#ee+ly #ee+ly for all personne personnell #ith records records &eing &eing +ept of of attendees) attendees) topics discussed) discussed) action items items arising) action parties responsi&le for close out and target date for completion

A

daily #ith #ith #or+ teams teams .cre#s/ to discuss discuss the shift #or+ #or+ plan and any e2pected e2pected ha*ards$ This should &e logged) in the daily report

A

prior to non-routine non-routine operations) #ith #ith all involv involved ed personne personnel) l) to ensure the the 1o& and its inhere inherent nt ha*ards are understood) understood) controls controls are in place) the tools and #or+ practices are appropriate) relevant e2pertise is availa&le and permit reuirements are understood and verified as &eing in place$

*



•

drilling and associated euipment is inspected and maintained in accordance #ith the inspection programme programme and the prevent preventive ive maintenan maintenance ce system

•

all accidents causing in1ury to personnel or damage to euipment and all significant near misses are reported in accordance #ith procedures and are investigated at the appropriate level) in the appropriate depth and that remedial actions are implemented

•

employees use personal protective euipment as necessary

•

ha*ardous #or+ is performed under the permit-to-#or+ system

•

all relevant information is communicated &et#een personnel at shift change$

!!.".%

Ni&ht To Toolpusher

The contractor's ?ight Toolpusher is responsi&le) during his shift) for the safe e2ecution of all #ell #or+ programmes programmes issued through through the contractor's 7ig Superintende Superintendent$ nt$ This reuires reuires that he( •

enforces the provisions of the drilling contractor's ,SE policy) procedures and plan

•

verifies that staff under his authority are +no#ledgea&le of their role and competent to perform it

•

ensures drilling euipment is maintained in a safe and opera&le condition

•

#here necessary applies for #or+ permits and verifies that their provisions are follo#ed

•

ensures that all accidents and significant near misses are reported and ta+es part in their investigation$ Disseminates findings amongst all staff in order to avoid recurrence

•

verifies the uality of safety inspections performed &y su&ordinates

•

regularly monitors #ell conditions &y liaising #ith relevant staff and ensures that proactive steps are ta+en to maintain primary #ell control

•

•

provides provides emerg emergency ency response response support) support) &oth personally and together together #ith #ith drilling drilling cre#s) cre#s) and conducts conducts a regular programme of e2ercises acts as the lin+ &et#een senior and 1unior rig supervision &y attendance at &oth groups meetings and disseminating information as appropriate$

!!.".(

Driller

s the first line in the supervision of personnel) the Driller's prime o&1ective is to ensure that instructions are carried out competently and therefore safely$ ,e is to verify that cre# personnel are competent to carry out their #or+ and use safe #or+ing practices$ ,e disseminates to his cre# information on ,SE and ne# safety procedures$ dditionally he is to inform senior staff of safe #or+ing procedures suggested &y his cre# and other personnel$ The introduction of any conseuent change in procedure should &e implemented under the direction of the Driller #ith guidance and approval from the 7ig Superintendent if appropriate$ The Driller is instrumental for the follo#ing( •

seeing that all instructions of the contractor's Toolpusher concerning #or+ methods and euipment are carried out

•

ensuring that cre# mem&ers fully understand their duties #hen carrying out a 1o&

•

ta+ing necessary steps to correct ha*ardous conditions and incorrect practices and chec+ing that protective protective devices devices are in good good condit condition ion and and used #hen #hen neede needed d

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995




•

anticipating ha*ardous conditions and remove the cause of possi&le accidents

•

ensuring that cre# mem&ers complete each 1o& in an orderly #ay and leave no ha*ardous conditions &ehind &ehind

•

promptly reporting any unsafe euipm euipment ent that cannot &e corrected &y the drillin drilling g cre#

•

encouraging all cre# mem&ers to ma+e ,SE suggestions and recognise their a&ility to contri&ute to accident prevention

•

assisting in the investigation of all accidents in his line of responsi&ility

•

• •

seeing that all cre# mem&ers are trained in correct operating procedures and policies$ ,e is to ma+e a particular effort to ma+e ma+e ne# cre# mem& mem&ers ers ,SE conscious and verify verify their their 1o& +no# +no#led ledge ge training the ssistant Driller so that he can competently perform the Driller's duties #hen necessary &eing &eing conversant conversant #ith the ompany ompany #ell #ell control control method methodss and &e a&le to react react accordingly accordingly

•

setting an e2ample to the cre# &y o&serving all ,SE regulations

•

ad1usting the pace of operations to meet the competence of his cre#

•

ensuring proper use is made of the 'Permit-to-#or+ System'

• •

preparing an adeuate adeuate handov handover er to ensure continu continuity ity during during shift changes changes holding a pre-shift safety meeting to appraise cre#s of planned operations$

/




EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

+


APPEND!0 !!! 3AND 3AND R!6 M#4E M #4E P3AN This appendi2 details the actions to &e ta+en at each stage in a typical land rig move$

!!!.

Scoutin& Trip

•

easure and photo overhead lines

•

Survey &ridges

•

&tain #eather information

•

Survey port facilities facilities

•

ssess security situation

•

Prepare map sho#ing( A 9uel and #ater supplies supplies A ,ospital=medical ,ospital=medical facilities facilities A vernight vernight stopping stopping points points A 7oad uality A ommunicatio ommunication n facilities facilities A ,a*ards through villages$ villages$

!!!." • •

Establish Co Convoy Procedures

Specify truc+ reuirements ?um&er of truc+s truc+s per convoy convoy

•

Distance &et#een truc+s

•

Truc+ inspection procedures

•

8erify driver competence

•

Select convoy leaders

•

Prepare load plan=prioritise loads

•

Esta&lish speed limits

•

rganise police=military escorts

•

Esta&lish 1ourney management procedures

•

Define night driving policy

•

,old pre-1o& safety meeting

•

a+e radio chec+s

•

Esta&lish drugs=alcohol policy

•

Define contingency procedures

•

Define safety euipment reuirements

"-


Appendix III "and #ig Mo$e Plan

•

Define refuelling procedures$

!!!.% •

3oadin& an and 8n 8nloadin& Pr Procedures

Esta&lish reuirements and confirm suita&ility of( A Supervisors A
•

,old safety meeting

•

%dentify ha*ardous loads

•

Esta&lish #eight of loads

•

Esta&lish lifting signals$

!!!.(

Pre,departure Chec;s

•

•

9uel tan+ full

•

ater availa&le .truc+ and driver/

•

•

heel nuts tight

•

Tyre conditions including spare

•

7adios

•

Escorts notified

•

7oute ha*ards removed

•

Tool&o2 safety tal+ held$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"


APPEND!0 !4 C3ASS!=!CAT!#N C3ASS!=!CAT!#N #= HAARD#8S HAARD#8S AREAS The classification of ha(ardous areas with respect to electrical e1uipment shall be in accordance with the Institute of %etroleum /I%0 Area classification Code for %etroleum Installations /Ref# 5;0# 5;0# The following is only a summary of the re1uirements of the Code and is provided to give a ready appreciation but should not be used as a substitute for the Code#

,a*ardous *ones defined under the %P or any similar code should not &e confused #ith any other type of ha*ardous area esta&lished) e$g$ sour gas) high tension .,T/ overhead no-go areas) radioactive store ha*ardous area$

!4.

6rades o1 o1 =l =lammable 6a 6as or or 4a 4apour Re Release

Continuous sources are #here flamma&le fluids .gases/ are normally present or present for more than !000 hours per year$ Such atmospheres are normally present only in fi2ed roof tan+s and at process vents$ ontinuous grade sources are not part of the drilling fluid circulation) #ellhead or 6P system$ %rimary sources are those #hich can release flamma&le vapours or gases in normal operation$ Primary sources include vents and active mud tan+s) ditches and mud treating euipment$ Particular caution in the mud-gas separator piping is necessary due to the potential of high volumes of primary gas released &oth through the vent pipe outlet and via the mud drain$ !econdary sources are those #hich do not release flamma&le gases or vapours normally &ut can do so under a&normal .i$e$ failure/ circumstances$ This includes minor and temporary containment failures such as occur from day to day) not catastrophic failure such as vessel rupture) &urst pipes or &lo#outs$

!4."

Classi1ication o1 o1 Ha Ha5ardous o ones

The ha*ardous *one resulting from a continuous source #ill &e a greater ha*ard than the *one resulting from a primary source) &ecause the pro&a&ility is higher than it #ill contain a flamma&le mi2ture$ To sho# this) ha*ardous *ones are classified according to the type of source of flamma&le vapour or gas( •

the ha*ardous *one resulting from a continuous source is normally classified as Gone 0

•

the ha*ardous *one resulting from a primary source is normally classified as Gone !

•

the ha*ardous *one resulting from a secondary source is normally classified as Gone :$

The parts of the facility #hich are not classified as ha*ardous *ones can &e designated non-ha*ardous &ut may still contain a flamma&le mi2ture under calamity conditions$ ,a*ardous *one classification depends on the grade of release and the ventilation availa&le as sho#n in Ta&le %8$!( Table !4.

Ha
=rades of release

Open air situation and ade1uately ventilated spaces with unrestricted air movement i#e# at least 95 changes per hour

Restricted ventilation e#g# inside modules with ventilation stopped or less than 95 changes per hour

4o ventilation e#g# inside tank

ontinuous

Gone 0

Gone 0

Gone 0

""


Appendix IV la%%i3ication o3 Ha
Primary

Gone !

Gone !

Gone 0

Secondary

Gone :

Gone !

Gone 0

9or land rigs) the open air situation is the norm) #ith restricted ventilation only present #here the drill floor is shrouded) or inside the free space of active mud tan+s) ditches and #ell cellar areas$ There should &e no Gone Gone 0 areas on any drilling drilling rig installation$ installation$ utside Gone 0) 0) ! or : the #or+site #or+site is 'non-ha*ardous'$ 'non-ha*ardous'$

!4.%

Ha5ardous o one Di Dimensions

ccording to the %P ode .!""0/ for Drilling and or+over %nstallations .#here diagrams are provided/) the Gone : ha*ardous *ones around the rig euipment e2tend to( !$

 cyli cylind nder er @$5 @$5 m aroun around d th the bell nipple e2tending " m &elo# the wellhead dec+ .offshore/ or to ground level$ The upper e2tent of the Gone : is @$5 m a&ove the rig floor) e2tending to the top of any e2isting #ind &rea+ around the derric+ area$ nly the #ellhead cellar and sun+en ditches #ithin the Gone : are classified as Gone !$

:$

 space ar around active mud tanks 3 m from the top and sides of each tan+ to ground level e2tending to @$5 m from the sides of each tan+ at a height of 3 m$ %nside the tan+ #alls is Gone !$ Enclosures around the tan+) unless adeuately ventilated are classified as ha*ardous Gone ! #ith Gone : e2tending 3 m from openings to the enclosure$

3$

round th the shale shaker Gone : e2tends @$5 m a&ove and around the e2terior surface of the sha+er) and Gone ! e2tends !$5 m from the outer surface $ %f enclosed the enclosed space shall all &e classified as Gone !) #ith Gone : areas e2tending @$5 m from any openings$

4$

9or any gas vent outlets) the e2tent of the ha*ardous *one is &ased on guidelines provided in hapter 5 of the %P ode$ %f flo# rates and type of effluent figures are not +no#n the ha*ardous .Gone :/ should e2tend at least !5 m from the vent outlet in all directions$

5$

9or wireline operations) the point of reference is not the &ell nipple &ut the stuffing &o2 #ith other dimensions and *one classifications the same as #ith drilling rigs on land and to the main dec+ offshore$

9or the purpose of ignition protection against small releases of flamma&le fluids around the rig floor area) the interior of the derric+ or mast structure is classified as Gone :$ ll purge air) cooling air and internal com&ustion engine air inta+e shall &e ta+en from #ell outside Gone ! and :) i$e$ from a designated nonha*ardous *one$ Eually) all electrical euipment in the derric+ shall &e suita&ly protected$ 7euirements are defined in the %P ode$ ellars or pits &elo# ground level in a Gone : space should &e classified as Gone !$ ny enclosed premises) premises) containing containing source source of ha*ard #hich #hich may give give rise to a dangerous dangerous atmosphere atmosphere under under a&normal conditions should &e classified as follo#s( The interior of the enclosure Gone !J the surrounding space in open air #ithin a @$5 m radius from any point of egress from the premises premises as Gone :$ ny enclo enclosed sed premises premises not containin containing g a source of ha*ard &ut located in a Gone : space should &e classified as Gone !) unless entry of a dangerous atmosphere is prevented prevented &y) &y) e$g$ fire #alls) ventilation ventilation)) etc #here #here the enclosur enclosuree may &e classified classified as a Gone : or even even as a safe *one if the space is ventilated and over-pressurised$ %n naturally #ell-ventilated conditions .e$g$ offshore/ outside the limits of the derric+ or mast) the vertical e2tent of the 'ha*ardous *one' a&ove the highest source of ha*ard may &e reduced to 3 m and e2tends over the #hole classified area and &elo# the source of ha*ard to ground level) e2cept as descri&ed in the cases a&ove$ 9or full details refer to %P!5 hapter >$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"%


%t must &e clearly emphasised that the dimensions and conditions uoted are to &e considered as the minimum case) and #here any dou&t e2ists) the dimensions .or even classification/ of the ha*ardous *one should &e increased &y appropriate degree$

"(


Appendix IV la%%i3ication o3 Ha

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"'


APPEND!0 4 #PERAT!#N #= D!ESE3 EN6!NES !N HAARD#8S AREAS The follo#ing data is ta+en from the document' 7ecommendations for the Protection of Diesel Engines perating in ,a*ardous reas' .7ef$ !3/ !3/

4.

!ntroduction

There are considera&le pro&lems in providing assured protection to diesel engines for use in ha*ardous Gones 0) ! and to a certain e2tent in *one : as defined &y the document 'Electrical Safety' .7ef$ 54/ 54/ and &y 'ode of Practice for Selection) %nstallation and aintenance of Electrical pparatus for Cse in Potentially E2plosive tmospheres' .7ef$ 55 .7ef$ 55/$ /$ The use of permanently installed diesel engines in Gone 0 is unaccepta&le) and the use of permanently installed diesel engines in Gones ! and : should &e avoided #herever possi&le$ 4ote( The effectiveness of protective devices is dependent upon a high standard of maintenance and inspection of the euipmentJ certain items need to &e chec+ed regularly$ Table 4.

#eco00endation% #eco00endation% 3or protection o3 die%el engine% on drilling rig% hich are per0anentl1 in%talled in ha
4ature of 'a(ard

?ones 9 and 5

Discharge of spar+s from electrical euipment

The starter shall &e of the follo#ing non-electric types( pneumatic) hydraulic) spring recoil) inertia or hand start$ ny other electrical euipment associated #ith the engine shall &e flame proof as defined in 6S 4>F3 'Specification for electrical apparatus for e2plosive atmospheres') or intrinsically safe as defined in 6S !:5" '%ntrinsically safe electrical apparatus and circuits for use in e2plosive atmospheres' .see also 6S 5345 Part !( Selection) installation and maintenance of electrical apparatus for use in potentially e2plosive atmospheres/$ Electrical euipment shall &e effectively earthed and &onded to the main engine frame$

Discharge of spar+s from mechanical causes

ooling fan &lades shall &e made from non-metallic materials$

;eneration and discharge of static from &elt drives

ll &elts shall &e of antistatic fire-resistant type$

Discharge of spar+s or flames from the e2haust system system

 gas conditioner &o2 and a flame trap shall &e installed$ lternatively) the e2haust should &e designed to discharge to a location #ithin a 'safe' *one$

9lash&a 9lash&ac+ c+ through through induct induction ion sys system tem

here herever ver poss possi&l i&le) e) air inta+es inta+es for for engines engines shall shall &e &e locat located ed in a 'saf 'safe' e' *one as defined &y the %nsti tute of Petroleum Electrical Safety ode$ lternatively) lternatively) a flame t rap should &e provided .6ar&er valve/$

verheating due to failure of cooling #ater system or loss of lu&e oil pressure

larms or automatic shutdo#n devices shall &e provided) actioned &y e2cessive e2cessive #ater temperature and an d lo# lu&e oil pressure$

Table 4.

#eco00endation% #eco00endation% 3or protection o3 die%el engine% on drilling rig% hich are per0anentl1 in%talled in ha
4ature of 'a(ard

?ones 9 and 5

E2cessive en engine ine vi vi&ra &ration tion

 system us using ing an an ala alarrm or or tr trip device to pr protect the the engin nginee fr from

"*


Appendix V )peration o3 Die%el Engine% in Ha
e2cessive e2cessive vi&ration should &e considered$ E2plosions in engine cran+caseJ discharge from cran+case and cylinder head relief valves and &reathers

n engine having a cran+case volume of over 0$5 m3 shall &e provided #ith relief devices$ 7elief 7elief valves) prefera&ly prefera&ly of 6%E7% 6%E7% design) or &reathers on engines shall &e fitted #ith flame traps or alternatively discharge into the induction system do#nstream of the flame trap) if fitted) and upstream of the shut-off valve) if fitted$ Dipstic+s and=or filler caps should &e scre#ed or effectively effectively secured secured &y other means$

E2plosions in inta+e or e2haust systems

%nta+e and e2haust systems shall &e designed in accordance #ith ppendi2 3$3 of the  E-! document$ document$

9lame transmission to atmosphere &y opening of decompression pots

Decompression Decompression systems should not normally no rmally &e provided$ p rovided$ ,o#ever ,o#ever)) if they are essential) then the decompression ports should &e provided #ith flame traps and ducted a#ay to a safe *one$

7everse runn unning ing of engin nginee

The The fuel in1 in1ection pum pump and and go governor rnor #here fitted sho should &e so designed that reverse running of the engine is not possi&le$

E2cessive temperature of e2haust gases and e2cessive e2cessive surface temperature of engine and e2haust system

The surface temperature of the engine and e2haust system shall not e2ceed :50N #hen tested under full load conditions$ %n some situations cooling of the e2haust manifold and piping may &e necessary) using #ater 1ac+eting or finned coolers and=or high temperature cut-outs or alarms should &e provided$ %n this connection it should &e noted that air cooled or supercharged diesel engines generally have significantly higher e2haust temperatures than #ater cooled engines$ onversely) onversely) engines engin es operated &elo# their ma2imum po#er rating #ill have correspondingly lo#er e2haust gas and surface temperatures$ ;iven conditions of normal operation) for the ma1ority of refinery and petrochemical flamma&les in the re gions of natural convection surrounding the hot surfaces of diesel engines) surface temperatures of :50N are accepta&le$ E2ceptions are( •

•

#hen free movement movement of air is restricted &y thermal or acoustic shielding #hen the auto-ignition temperature of the flamma&le) determined &y ST test D:!55->> is &elo# :00o$

%f either of these t#o conditions e2ists) no engine e2posed surface surface temperature shall e2ceed that determined for the flamma&le &y the ST test$ 4ote( The %P ode indicates that #here the principal mo&ile com&usti&le fluid is +no#n to &e methane gas) then higher engine surface temperatures .e$g$ 500o/ may &e considered accepta&le$

verspeeding of the engine due to induction of flamma&le gas or vapour

 means shall &e provided to stop the engine #hen flamma&le gas or vapour in the atmosphere can cause the engine to overspeed$

9or a complete specification) discussion and e2planation of the a&ove reuirements) reference to the original document is recommended$ recommended$ The document 'rea lassification of 9lamma&le ;as tmospheres' .7ef$ 5>/ 5>/ is also used as a source to define the principles of diesel engine operation in ha*ardous *ones$

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"


3i+ed diesel-engine euipment shall &e located outside a ha*ardous *one) unless adeuate and effective protection protection to all electrics) electrics) hot surfaces) e2haust systems) systems) etc can &e achieve achieved) d) in #hich #hich case it may &e located in Gones ! or :$ Such protection should normally include the provision of an air source from a non-ha*ardous *one$ ,o#ever) if this is impractica&le) the engine shall &e fitted #ith an automatically operated com&ustion air cut-out to prevent engine runa#ays in the event of flamma&le vapour ingestion$ $obile diesel-engine euipment should prefera&ly not &e used in a ha*ardous *one) &ut if this is unavoida&le it should &e fully protected as for fi2ed diesel installations or have a minimum of protection and operate under a permit-to-#or+ system$ The minimum protection should &e spar+ arrestors) hot surface cooling and) in addition for Gone !) an automatic air cut-off$ 4ote( %n no case should a diesel engine &e allo#ed to operate in Gone 0$

7igs #hich have &een designed and euipped #ith diesel engine po#er supply to the dra##or+s) rotary ta&le and mud pumps according the document 'lassification of reas for Electrical %nstallation at Drilling 7igs and Production 9acilities on
"/


Appendix V )peration o3 Die%el Engine% in Ha

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

"+


A::RE4!AT!#NS *O%

6lo#out Preventer

CT

oiled Tu&ing

"C "% "%

Drill ollar Drill Pipe Dynamically Positioned

)%*$ )!$

E2ploration and Production 6usiness odel Enhanced Safety anagement

')$% '%-'T '5!

,a*ards and Effects anagement Process ,igh Pressure= ,igh Temperature ,ydrogen Sulphide

'!) '!) $!

,ealth) Safety and Environment ,ealth) Safety and Environmental anagement System

L$R% L2"

$O"@ $%I

o&ile ffshore Drilling Cnit agnetic Particle %nspection

4"T

?on-Destructive ?on-Destructive Testing Testing

O*$ OI$

il &ased ud ffshore %nstallation anager

%$! %O* %%)

Preventive aintenance System Personnel n 6oard Personal Protective Euipment

RO.

7emotely perated per ated 8ehicle

!C!!. !CR !$! !O5 !2L

Surface ontrolled Su&-surface Safety 8alve Silicon ontrolled 7ectifier Safety anagement System Sulphur Dio2ide Safe or+ing
TC% TR!!.

Tu&ing onveyed Perforating Tu&ing 7etrieva&le Su&-surface Safety 8alve

%-


A**re$iation%


EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%


63#SSAR>  glossary of commonly used terms in ,SE is given in &oth EP "5-0!00 ,SE anagement Systems and EP "5-0300 vervie# ,a*ards and Effects anagement Process$

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EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

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RE=ERENCES !

EP ":-:!"5) )&% *usiness $odel) S%EP EPD=@5) EPD =@5) ?ovem&er ?ovem&er !"":$

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$anagement !trategies ! trategies ) EP 9orum) uly !""!$ 7eport ?o$ >$:3=!@3 !ubstance Abuse $anagement

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EP "!-0@:5) =uidelines for !ingle !tring .enture .enture "rilling Operations) EP=5!) pril !""!$

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$anual) EP=5!5) uly !"F"$ EP FF-!000) !hallow =as %rocedures =uidance $anual

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EP F"-!500) %ressure Control $anual for "rilling and 2orkover Operations ) EP=5!5) !"F"$

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EP "3-!@>0) $aking the $ost of "rilling 2aste $anagement ) S%EP EP=5!:) Septem&er !""3$

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%erformance Reporting) ugust Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) =uide for !afety %erformance !""3$

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$anagement $anagement !afety Inspections) S%EP) pril !"F@$

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@nsafe Act Auditing ) Shell Safety ommittee) une !"F@$

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Incident Investigation and Analysis =uide ) Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) ugust !""3$

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Incident %otential $atri+) Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) cto&er !""!$

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Accident Investigation) Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) anuary !""4$

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Pu&lication !0@) Recommendations Recommendations for the %rotection of "iesel "iese l )ngines Operating in 'a(ardous Areas) Engineering Euipment and aterial Csers ssociation .formerly  E-!/$

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EP FF-0550) $arine !afety of $obile Offshore @nits ) EP=5=> and EPD=!!) arch !"FF$

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!i te !pecific Assessment of ack6up @nits ) EPD=5) ay EP F"-0550) %ractice for the !ite !"F"$

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SPE Paper ?o$ :!"@") !I)% %ractice for !ite !pecific !tructural 3itness for %urpose Assessment of ack6up Rigs ) SPE=%D) !""!$

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Technical and Research *ulletin >6> ) Society of ?aval rchitects and arine Engineers .S?E/) !""3$

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EP "3-04@3) $ooring !tandards for $obile @nits ) EPD=53) !""3$

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Road !afety $anagement $anagement) Shell Safety ommittee) Decem&er !"F@$

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!eat *elts) Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) Septem&er !"F"$

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EP 4>F04) Offshore Rig $ove $o ve and Anchor 'andling 'andling Operations# Operati ons#

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odel o ode of of Sa Safe Pra Pracctice) Par Partt !5 !5) Area Classification Code for %etroleum Installations) %nstitute of Petroleum) arch !""0$

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7ecom ecomm mended Prac Practi tice ce 500) 500) 9irs 9irstt Edit Editiion) on) Classification of Areas Areas for )lectrical )lect rical Installation at "rilling Rigs and %roduction 3acilities 3acilities on Land L and and-or $arine 3i+ed and $obile %latforms) P%) une !""!$

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%ersonal %rotective )1uipmen ) 1uipmentt =uide ) Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) une !"F"$

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Dril Drilli lin ng anu anual al)) Sec Secti tion on <3) <3) Der Derri ricc+s and and ast astss Report of .isual 3ield Inspection of "errick or $ast and !ubstructure !ubstructure) %D$

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Specif Specifica icatio tion n 4E) 4E) Thir Third d Edi Editi tion on !"FF !"FF and and Spec Specifi ificat catio ion n 49 49) Third Third Editi Edition on !"F5 !"F5 !pecification for "rilling and 2ell !ervicing !tructures) P%$

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Specification F) !: !:th Ed Editi ition) !pecification for "rilling and %roduction 'oisting )1uipment) P%) une !"":$

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Specification @) Rotary "rilling )1uipment )1uipment) P%) !""0$

30

7ecom ecomm mended Pract Practic icee F6) F6) 9ift 9ifth h Edit Editio ion) n) 'oisting Tool Inspection and $aintenance $aintenance %rocedures ) P%) cto&er !"":$

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EP 53@3F) =uidelines for "etection and Control of 'ydrogen !ulphide "uring "rilling Operations) EP=5!) !"F!$

3:

'ydrogen !ulphide) Shell Safety ommittee) Decem&er !"F>$

33

Containing 'ydrogen 7ecom ecomm mended Pract Practic icee 4") 4") Sec Seco ond Edit Editio ion) n) !afe "rilling of 2ells Containing !ulphide) P%) pril !"F@$

34

EP 53@@@) Contingency %lan for "rilling !our Oil and-or =as 2ells) Shell il ompany .CS/) !"F!$

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7ecom ecomm mended Pract Practic icee 53) 53) Sec Seco ond Edit Editio ion) n) *lowout %revention )1uipment !ystems for "rilling 2ells P%) ay !"F4$

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Specification >) !> !>th Ed Editi ition) .alves and 2ellhead )1uipment) P%) !"F"$

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4oise =uide) Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) Decem&er !""!$

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$anagement $anagement =uidelines for 'earing 'e aring Conservation ) Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) Decem&er !""!$

3"

)nvironmental $anagement =uidelines) Shell Product Safety and Environmental onservation ommittee) ay !"":$

40

EP "4-!"F0) )% )nvironmental Assessment =uide ) ?ovem&er !""4$

4!

7eport ?o ?o$ :$5F=!">) )+ploration and %roduction /)&%0 2aste $anagement $anagement =uidelines) EP 9orum) Septem&er !""3$

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)nvironmental Auditing =uide) Shell Product Safety and Environmental ommittee) une !"F"$

43

Ionising Radiation !afety =uide ) Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) ?ovem&er !""3$

44

2ell Logging Operations) Septem&er !""!$ EP "!-!>45) Radiation !afety $anual for 2ell

45

Testing of 2ells up to 9><<< psi @sing EP "3-!300) =uidelines for %roduction Testing Decem&er !""3$ Temporary )1uipment) EP=53) Decem&er

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Pro Production ,a ,and&oo+ 8olume >) >) %roduction Operations) EP=53) !""!$

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EP F@-!00>) 2ell !ervices =uidance $anual $anual) EP=53) !"F@$

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EP "3-0@@@) @nderwater 'andbook 6 "iving ) EP9=5:) !""3$

50

"iving Operations $anagement $anagement =uidelines ) Shell Safety and ,ealth ommittee) Decem&er !""!$

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Assessment of the !uitability of !tandby .essels Attending Offshore Installations ) CL

EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

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Department Department of Transport) !""!$ 5:

S% !"@> ?o$ !54:) Offshore Installation /)mergency %rocedures0 Regulations ,S $

53

$anagement $anagement =uide Aircraft Operations S< .draft document under revision/) !""4$

54

od odel od odee of of Saf Safee Pra Pract ctic ice) e) Part Part !) !) 9if 9ifth th editio ition) n) )lectrical !afety) %nstitute of Petroleum) Petroleum) !">5$

55

6S 5345) Code of %ractice for !election Installation and $aintenance of )lectrical Apparatus for @se in %otentially )+plosive Atmospheres ) 6ritish Standards) !"F"$

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9 F0-04@0) Area Classification of 3lammable 3lammable =as Atmospheres) S%EP) arch !"F0$

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#e3erence%


EP 95-,' #e$i%ion  '( )cto*er '995

%


!NDE0 A

Derric+s and masts) foundations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ foundations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$5" Derric+s and masts) inspection$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $5" Derric+s and masts) loading$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$5"

cidising$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$""

Diesels) in ha*ardous ha*ardous areas$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ areas$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $45) 5>) !:>

ir$$$$$$$$ ir$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$""

Diving operations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $!0@

larm systems$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$F!

Drains$$$$$$$ Drains$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$45

tapulgite tapulgite$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$ $$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$@5

Dra##or+s safety$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$5F

uditing uditing$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$3!

Drill collars$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$@0) @:

B

Drill pipe$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $@0) F0 Drilling line$$$$$$$$$$ line$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$>4

6arriers$$$$$$$ 6arriers$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$ $$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!05) !0> Drilling programme programme$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$F) :0) 4F) @" 6lo#out preventer$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $>5) @" Drills$$$$$$$$$ Drills$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$:F) !!0 6P control system$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$>@ Drills) ,:S$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $30) F4) "@ 6reathing apparatus$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$5@) F:

C

E Electrical safety$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$5@

amp sites$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 4> Elevators$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $>:) >3) >") @0) @:) F" F" atheads$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $>5 Emergency Emergency procedures$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$F) !@) :F atlines$$$$$$$ atlines$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$>5 Environmental auditing$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$FF ertification ertification$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$>" Environmental ha*ards$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ F@ hi+san$$$$ hi+san$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$>@ Environmental protection$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$3! oiled tu&ing operations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$!0! E2perience$ E2perience$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!4) !> ompetence$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ompetence$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$!! E2plosives$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!3) :4) 44) 4>) F") "0) "!) "3) "4) !0F oncurrent operations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$:5) !0!) !0: E2plosives storage$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $"0 onductor$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ onductor$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$@!) !0> E2plosives) radio transmissions$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$"3 ontract$ $@) !!) !@) :0) :5) :F) 3@) 4F) 50) 54) 5>) F3) !!4 !!4 oring operations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $F3

F

orrective action$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$3"

9ire drills$$$$$$$$$$ drills$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$4@

rane operations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$@@

9ire e2tinguisher e2tinguishers$$$$$$ s$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$4>

ranes$$$$$ ranes$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$@@

9lare lines$$$$$$$$$ lines$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$F0

ro#n &loc+$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$>4

9ood storage$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$4>

ryogenic ryogenic operations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $""

9racturing$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$"F

D

9uel storage$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$4>

Deadline anchor$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$>0

G

Degassers Degassers$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$F0

;as cylinders$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $@>

Derric+s and masts) masts) cro#n protection$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $>0

H

Derric+s and masts) erection$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ erection$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $5" Derric+s and masts) escape lines$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$>0

,andling) casing$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$@! ,andling) ha*ardous ha*ardous chemicals$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$@5

%/


Index

,andling) marine riser$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$@!

,andling) tu&ing$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$@!

,a*ard$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $""

,a*ardous *ones$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$33) 45) 5>) F!) "@) !03) !::

,ealth) occupational$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ occupational$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ F5

,eavy lifts$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$@@

,elicopter operations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$!!0

,ot #or+$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$:4) "F) !0>

M

,ouse+eeping$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ,ouse+eeping$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $F5) !00 ,SE audit$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$3@ ,SE ase$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$3) 5) @) !>) !") :@) 3") !!5 !!5 ,SE ase remedial actions$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ 40 ,SE ase revision$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $40 ,SE Department$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$!0 ,SE anagement System$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!) 3) 5) !>) !") 3@) 3" ,SE meetings$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!0) !F) 3:) 3>) 4:) "") !!4) !!> ,SE policy$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ policy$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$>) 4! ,ydrogen ,ydrogen sulphide$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$@F ,ydrogen sulphide) monitoring$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$F0) F3) "F ,ydrogen ,ydrogen sulphide) procedures$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ procedures$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$30 ,ygiene$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ,ygiene$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ 4>) F>

I %ncidents$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$>) !0) !F) ::) 3:) 35) 4! %nduction %nduction programme programme$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$!4) F3) !!> !!> %nspection) %nspection) elevators$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$>3

aintenance) preventive$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5>) >!) >:) @3) !!> anuals$$$$$$$ anuals$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$>5) !0:) !04) !0> arine riser$$$$$$$$$$ riser$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$@! asts) guy guy lines$$$$$$$$ lines$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$>0 asts) raising and lo#ering$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$5" aterials) lo# temperature$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$!00 aterials) stac+ing$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$5: edical edical facilities$$$$$ facilities$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$4F ud$$$$$$$$$$ ud$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$3!) 5!) 5:) @5) F@ ud logging$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ logging$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$F:) F3) "@ ud programme$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ programme$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $@"

N ?itrogen) liuid$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$"" ?oise$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $F@ ?oise control$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$F5

O

%nspection) %nspection) lifting gear$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$>:) >4) >5) >"

ccupational ccupational health$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$3!

%nspection) %nspection) materials$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$5:

ffshore ffshore survival course$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$!:

%nspection) %nspection) rig$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $!@) :3) 3!) 3@) >!

il spill contingency contingency plan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ :"

%nspection) %nspection) slings) hoo+s) hoo+s) shac+les$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$>:

il spills$$$$$$$$$$ spills$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$") "F

%nspection) %nspection) #inches$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$>3

rganisation$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $F

%nspections) %nspections) electrical$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $33) 4@

2ygen deficiency$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ deficiency$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ !0!

%nspections) %nspections) management$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$33

P

J Perforating) tu&ing conveyed conveyed$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$"4 o& description$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $!!) !!4

Performance indicators$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $3:

L

Permit-to-#or+$$$$$$!:) :4) 33) 45) >5) F>) "0) "4) "") !0:) !:F

!) >:


Personnel movement movement control$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$!0>

%+


Policy) Policy) ;roup ;roup ,SE$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$>) !!: !!:

Sta&&ing &oard$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$>!

Policy) Policy) su&stance a&use$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$@) !!3

Standards$$$$ Standards$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$ $$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!"

Pollution$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$:>) !0"

Stand&y vessels$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $!0F

Pressure Pressure control control$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$ $$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!3) "0

Su&contractor) Su&contractor) ,SE$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$!@

Pressure testing$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$@F

Su&stance a&use$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$@

Pulsation dampeners) charging$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5F

T

Q

Tender Tender assisted operations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$5!

Kualifications$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$!:

Tongs$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $@3

R

Torue) #or+ing #or+ing in a string$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$@4 Training$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$!:) F3) !!0

7adio transmissions$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$": 7adioactive source register$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$"> 7adioactive sources$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$4>) "5 7adioactive sources) storage$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$"5 7adioactive sources) use$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$"5 7elief valves$$$ valves$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5" 7elief #ell plan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$:" 7escue of personnel$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$!0" 7esources$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $!0 7esponsi&ilities) company$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$") !!4

Training) Training) ,:S$$$$$$$$ ,:S$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ $$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!3) @" Transport) Transport) air$$$$$$$$$$$ air$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$53 Transport) road$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ 5: Transport) sea$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$53 Travelling &loc+$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$>4 T7%PD DE
U

7esponsi&ilities) contractor$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ contractor$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$") !!5 !!5

Cnsafe act auditing$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$34

7ig$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3@

V

7ig assessment$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$4F) 50 7ig moving) moving) land$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$53 7ig moving) moving) offshore$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ offshore$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $54

8isitors$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$!4) 4>) F3

W

7unning casing$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$>!) @!

aste disposal$$$ disposal$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$4>

S

aste management$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$3!) FF

Safety factors) #ire rope$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$>4 Separators) mud=gas$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$F0 Shallo# gas$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $:4) 30) 4F) 4" Site survey$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ survey$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ 4F Site) drainage$$ drainage$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ $$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$45 Site) land$$$$$$$$ land$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$ $$$ $$$$$$$$$44 Site) se#age disposal$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$45 Slings$$$$$$$ Slings$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$>:) @: Slips$$$$$$$$$ Slips$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$@: Spare parts$$$$$$$$ parts$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$5:) 5>) >>

ater) pota&le$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $4> eather forecasting$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ forecasting$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $:> eather) adverse$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ :5) >" eight indicator$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $>0 ell control$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!:) :") >>) F3) !0!) !0F ell interference$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ !05 ell testing$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$"@ inches$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ inches$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$>: inches) inches) man riding$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ >5 inches) inches) operation of$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$ $>: ire ropes$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$>4

(-


Index

ireline .slic+line/ operations$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!0>) !0@


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