!"#$!%& "$(!)*+) (+%*,-#.*#& /!% %*,+)&% 0&#$%,&/ /! #*!.#*&" .&,$)&%!" 1 2&,!23,*#&" #$)"+ /! .*4!%&#*5. *.,!."*4+ 0!6)!)+ 789: ,&%%!) ; < =8>?88@ ABCDCEBFGH 8I JK LCMNO JK 789:
"+%$#*5.
D
)P6)*#&
,KLC 9 =78 QBRSOT@ /KUFRC KG VORWBRSO ! QCMC EBK GC UBRVFXR "# % & ! SCG EBKY ' ) *+ *+ *)' + " ' ( . )' / .' . ' ) .+ .+
' , )* ' -* '0*
TKC "+6)!1!#,*4&Z "OGBVFXRY 9#&# '7>8;8& 7" ?%;@6;A% 1 . 6;# >%&B# '7 C#?7&"% )67'7 D7& 4&#>8?#;'% "# >6;?8E; 2 2 )%& ?%;D84687;A7 '7A7&B8;#& 7" &#;4% '7 "# B8DB#F !DA% 7DG y
3
2
1
0 -7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-1
-2
-3
!" ?%;@6;A% &7567&8'% )#&# 567 "# >6;?8E; 3 D7# D%$&727?A8H# '7$7 ?%8;?8'8& ?%; D6 &#;4% 2 D7 A&#A# '7G
1 ( 43 2 ( 5)6+)78 5)6+)78 9 :+ 7+;
)[\MFVCY 6OTEBKWC GC ]M^UFVC JK GOT SMKT SMCLOT JK GC UBRVFXRZ !TQKVFUFVC KG MCR]O JK "Z *RJFVC VB^G JK\K TKM KG VORWBRSO !Z !"#$%&#'% )%& *+,-. ,/01 2 34$#567&8
_ QBRSOT V`SMCLO ; QBRSOT 7 QBRSOT 9:48;# < '7 =
,KLC 7 =78 QBRSOT@ $R RK]OVFO aKRJK ' QFGCT ' - .< C BR QMKVFO JK .= ) >? * ' JXGCMKT VCJC BRCY C@ "KC ' GC VCRSFJCJ JK QFGCT EBK TK aKRJKRH O\SKR]C GC MK]GC JK VOMMKTQORJKRVFC QCMC KG V^GVBGO KR @ JKG FR]MKTO QOM JFVbC aKRSC A ( " ' Z "OGBVFXRY BC34DE BC34DEF F ( G4DHIF G4DHIF JCIKL4 JCIKL4IF IF M NLCKIO NLCKIOLO LO PDCOIOL PDCOIOL 2 Q ( ;R ) :?7Q M Q S ( 2 Q ( ;RQ ;RQ ) :?7Q :?7QT . : - Q - ;U
)[\MFVCY /KSKMLFRC GC MK]GC JK VOMMKTQORJKRVFC JK GC UBRVFXR JK FR]MKTOZ
I QBRSOT
\@ 6OTEBKWK KR KG QGCRO VCMSKTFCRO GC ]M^UFVC JK GC UBRVFXR "Z "OGBVFXRY 1# 4&:>8?# '7 2 ;% 7D ?%;A8;6#. '#'% 567 "# H#&8#$"7 Q )7&A7;7?7 # VW F
550
!"#$%&"'() 5;U+ RX;?Y RX;?Y8
y
500
2 f(x)
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50
x 2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
)[\MFVCY 6OTEBKWC GC ]M^UFVC JK GC UBRVFXR KR UOMLC JK BRC QCM^\OGCH VORTFJKMCRJO GC MKTSMFVVFXR JKG JOLFRFOZ
!"#$%&#'% )%& *+,-. ,/01 2 34$#567&8
c QBRSOT
9:48;# I '7 =
V@
"F TK SBaO BR FR]MKTO JK @ Z<>H JKSKMLFRK GC VCRSFJCJ JK QFGCT EBK TK aKRJFKMORZ "OGBVFXRY 9"#;A7#B%D "# 7?6#?8E; ?6#'&:A8?# 2 "# &7D%"H7B%DG
;RQ ;RQ ) :?7Q :?7QT ( YU: :?7Q T ) ;RQ ;RQ / YU: YU: ( : T Q ) ;R:Q ;R:Q / YU:: YU:: ( : Q ) ; : Q ) ;[ : ( : Q ) ;: ( : \ Q ) ;[: ( : Q ( ;: \ Q ( ;[: K7D?#&A#B%D 7" H#"%& '7 Q ( ;[:. )%& ;% )7&A7;7?7& #" '%B8;8% '7 "# >6;?8E;F 9%& "% A#;A%. D7 H7;'87&%; ;: )8"#DF
)[\MFVCY /KSKMLFRC VOMMKVSCLKRSK KG R[LKMO JK QFGCT EBK TK aKRJFKMORH JFTVMFLFRCRJO KG aCGOM TK][R KG JOLFRFO JK GC aCMFC\GKZ
c QBRSOT
,KLC ; =78 QBRSOT@ /CJC GC UBRVFXR "# % & % VBDC MK]GC JK VOMMKTQORJKRVFC VOMMKTQORJKRVFC KTY . ) '. + " ' ( )'+ ' ) ]+ ]+
' , )* ' -* '0*
C@ 6OTEBKWK KR KG QGCRO VCMSKTFCRO GC ]M^UFVC JK GC UBRVFXR "Z "OGBVFXRY y
3
2
1
0 -7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-1
-2
-3
)[\MFVCY 6OTEBKWC GOT SMKT SMCLOT JK GC ]M^UFVC JK "H FJKRSFUFVCRJO VGCMCLKRSK GC VORSFRBFJCJ O JFTVORSFRBFJCJ JK GC LFTLCZ !"#$%&#'% )%& *+,-. ,/01 2 34$#567&8
7 QBRSOT V`SMCLO 9:48;# J '7 =
\@ /KSKMLFRK GC VCRSFJCJ JK MCdVKT JK " KTQKVFUFVCRJO GOT MKTQKVSFaOT QCMKT OMJKRCJOTZ "OGBVFXRY 1#D &#M?7D '7 "# >6;?8E; 2 D%; "%D H#"%&7D '7 Q A#"7D 567 2 Q ( :. )%& "% 567 %$D7&H#;'% D6 4&:>8?# D7 '7'6?7 567 A87;7 A&7D &#M?7DF 1%D )#&7D %&'7;#'%D ?%&&7D)%;'87;A7D D%;G
) ;+ : + :+: S 5[+ :8
)[\MFVCY /KSKMLFRC VOMMKVSCLKRSK GCT MCdVKT JK "Z V@
9 QBRSO V`BRC
6OTEBKWK KR KG QGCRO VCMSKTFCRO GC ]M^UFVC JK GC UBRVFXR ^ ' ( " ' Z "OGBVFXRY 1# AN?;8?# '7 4&#>8?#?8E; 7D)7?8>8?#'# )#&# %$A7;7& "# >6;?8E; 3 ?%;D8DA7 7; "# &7>"7O8E; '7 "# 4&:>8?# '7 2 ?6#;'% S , : . &7D)7?A% #" 7@7 _ F y
3
2
1
0 -7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-1
-2
-3
)[\MFVCY 6OTEBKWC VOMMKVSCLKRSK GC ]M^UFVC JK ^H FJKRSFUFVCRJO VGCMCLKRSK GC VORSFRBFJCJ O JFTVORSFRBFJCJ JK GC LFTLCZ
_ QBRSOT
J@ *RJFEBK GOT FRSKMaCGOT JK LOROSORdC JK GC UBRVFXR ^Z "OGBVFXRY 1# >6;?8E; 3 7D B%;EA%;# ?&7?87;A7 7;G 1# >6;?8E; 3 7D B%;EA%;# '7?&7?87;A7 7;G
) ;+)7 9 :+7 9 [+/6 )6+) ; 9 )7+: 9 7+[
)[\MFVCY !eQMKTC GOT FRSKMaCGOT JORJK GC UBRVFXR KT KTSMFVSCLKRSK VMKVFKRSKZ !eQMKTC GOT FRSKMaCGOT JORJK GC UBRVFXR KT KTSMFVSCLKRSK JKVMKVFKRSKZ !"#$%&#'% )%& *+,-. ,/01 2 34$#567&8
; QBRSOT ; QBRSOT 9:48;# L '7 =
,KLC f =78 QBRSOTQ /CJCT GCT UBRVFORKT "# % ) )*+ * & % D ^# % & % SCGKT EBKY " ' (
* '. ) *
^ ' (
' ) * . ) *+ . ) ]' ]'+
',* '`*
/KSKMLFRK GC MK]GC JK VOMMKTQORJKRVFC JK GC UBRVFXR ^a* b " Y "OGBVFXRY K7A7&B8;#B%D "# >6;?8E; 8;H7&D# '7 3 )#&# ?#'# A&#B%G
S ( Q ) 7 T ) 7c 43 3 ( )7+ /6 Q ( S)7 T)7 S)7 T ( Q/7 S ) 7 ( Q /7 S ( 7e Q/7
S ( ; ) [Qc 43 3 ( )6+ )7 Q ( ; ) [S [S ( ; ) Q ;)Q S( [ 3ad Q (
;)Q c Q - )7 [
3ad Q ( 7 ) Q / 7c Q 0 )7
9%& "% A#;A%G
3
ad
Q (
7 ) Q / 7+ ;)Q + [
Q 0 )7 Q - )7
R&:>8?#B7;A7 )%'7B%D %$D7&H#& #B$#D >6;?8%;7D $827?A8H#D 7; 7" B8DB% )"#;% ?#&A7D8#;%. 7; D8B7A&M# ?%; "# >6;?8E; 8'7;A8'#'G y
3
2
1
2
ad 0
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-1
-2
2
-3
1674% &7#"8S#B%D "# ?%B)%D8?8E; '7 >6;?8%;7D D%"8?8A#'#G
3
ad
b2 Q (
!"#$%&#'% )%& *+,-. ,/01 2 34$#567&8
7) 2 Q /7+ ; ) 25Q 8 + [
2 Q 0 )7 f Q g OFh 2 2 Q - )7 f Q g OFh 2
9:48;# P '7 =
,%; "# 4&:>8?# '7 2 D7 )67'7 %$A7;7& 7" &#;4% '7 ?#'# A&#B% '7 "# B8DB#G y
3
2
1
0 -7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-1
-2
-3
967DA% 567G
2 Q 0 )7 i Q 0 7 \ Q , )7 2 Q - )7 i )7 , Q , 7 7) 3
ad
b2 Q (
QT + QT ) 7
;Q T ) [ + [ QT ) 7
Q 07 Q ,7
)[\MFVCY +\SFKRK GC UBRVFXR FRaKMTC JK ^ KR TBT JOT SMCLOTZ /KSKMLFRC GC VOLQOTFVFXR TOGFVFSCJC KR TBT JOT SMCLOTZ
_ QBRSOT V`SMCLO _ QBRSOT V`SMCLO
,KLC _ =78 QBRSOT@ gBTSFUFVCRJO TB MKTQBKTSCH VCGFUFEBK GC TF]BFKRSK QMOQOTFVFXR VOLO 4!)/&/!)& O 0&%"&Y !"# %&'() (* +,' -+,./0, 1)#/,)2/'# "# % & % *3 /%+'# ' #' .',4/('( (* &'5.*3 &*'#*3 6+* 4/*,*78
"OGBVFXRY / ?%;A8;6#?8E; )&%)%&?8%;#B%D 6; )%D8$"7 ?%;A@7B)"%G 07# 2 Q ( Q T / 7. 2 ;% A87;7 &#M?7D &7#"7DT D8; 7B$#&4%. 2 7D 6;# >6;?8E; )%"8;%B8#" '7 4&#'% IF
j 1# )&%)%D8?8E; )&%)%D8?8E; 7D U/10/F
)[\MFVCY (MOQOMVFORC BR VORSMCKWKLQGO EBK JKLBKTSMC EBK KG ]MCJO JK BRC UBRVFXR QOGFROLFCG RO JK\K TKM F]BCG CG R[LKMO JK TBT MCdVKTZ #ORVGBDK EBK GC QMOQOTFVFXR KT UCGTCZ
9: QBRSOT 7 QBRSOT
9:3*&;'./0,8< =* 1+*(* /,(/.'& )4&) .),4&'*>*21#) 6+* *;/(*,./* 6+* 3/*,() +,' -+,./0, 1)#/,)2/'#? 3+ %&'() ,) .)/,./(' .), #' .',4/('( .',4/('( (* &'5.*3 &*'#*3 6+* 4*,%'8 !"#$%&#'% )%& *+,-. ,/01 2 34$#567&8
9:48;# = '7 =
