Updated Case List 1921 – 1930 1. 1921 September 29 G.R. No. 16454 GEORGE A. KAUFFMAN, plainti!appellee, "#. $%E &%'('&&'NE NA$'ONA( )ANK, *e+en*ant!appellant. *e+en*ant!appellant. 2. 1921 Otober 6 G.R. No. (!1696 $%E &EO&(E OF $%E $%E &%'('&&'NE 'S(ANS, plainti!appelle, plainti!appelle, "#. /%AN FOOK, *e+en*ant!appellant. 0. 1921 1921 No"em No"ember ber 22 22 G.R. G.R. No. No. (!164 (!1640 0 &%'('&&'NE MANUFA/$UR'NG /O., plainti!appellant, "#. UN'ON 'NSURAN/E SO/'E$ OF /AN$ON, ($., *e+en*ant!appellee. 4. 1922 1922 Febr3 ebr3ar ar 2 2 G.R G.R. No No. 19 1955 $%E &EO&(E OF $%E $%E &%'('&&'NE 'S(ANS, plainti!appellee, plainti!appellee, "#. (O(!(O (O(!(O an* SARA, *e+en*ant#!appellant#. 5. 1922 Mar 0 G.R. No. 1-7-1 'N $%E MA$$ER OF $%E ES$A$E OF /%EONG )OO, *eea#e*. MORA AONG, petitioner!appellant, "#. /%EONG SENG GEE, opponent! appellant. 6. 1922 Mar 9 G.R. No. 1-677 ). E. 8O%ANNES, 3#ban* o+ /armen $eo*ora 8oanne#, *eea#e*, a# a a*mini#trator a*mini#trat or /AR(OS :A(ME'A an* 'A 8O%ANNES, ;it er 3#ban*, 8. E. 8O%ANNES, relator#, "#. %onorable GEORGE R. %AR
e o+ Fir#t 'n#tane o+ Manila, A(FREO :A(ME'A, broter o+ /armen 8oanne#, a# a*mini#trator, an* &%'('&&'NE $RUS$ /OM&AN, a# late >3ar*ian +or a ertain a# *epo#it o+ /armen 8oanne#, re#pon*ent. . 1922 1922 Oto Otobe berr 19 G.R G.R. No. (!1!1-92 924 4 $%E &EO&(E OF $%E $%E &%'('&&'NE 'S(ANS, plainti!appellant, plainti!appellant, "#. "#. ONG /%ENG ?alia# ONG /%UN@, *e+en*ant!appellee. *e+en*ant!appellee. -. 1920 83l 12 G.R. No. (!27171 E( ORAO O'( ORKS, plainti!appellee, "#. $%E /O((E/$OR OF 'N$ERNA( RE
11. 1924 Mar 4 G.R. No. (!21027 $%E AS'A$'/ AS'A$'/ &E$RO(EUM /OM&AN /OM&AN ?&%'('&&'NE 'S(ANS@, 'S(ANS@, ($., ($., plainti! appellant, "#. EN/ES(AO $R'N'A, /olletor o+ 'nternal Re"en3e, *e+en*ant!appellee. 12.1924 Septe September mber 1 G.R. G.R. No. 22715 22715 MARS%A((!E((S /OM&AN, plainti!appellant, "#. %ENR . E(SER /O., 'N/., *e+en*ant!appellee. *e+en*ant!appellee. 10.1924 10.1924 eem eember ber - G.R. G.R. No. No. (!225 (!2250 0 )E%N, MEER /O., plainti, "#. 8.S. S$AN(E, E$ A(., *e+en*ant#. 14.19 14 .1925 25 8an3 8an3ar ar 12 12 G.R G.R. No No. (!2 (!222 22--/AR( FRANB AO(&% O$$O 'NGENO%(, plainti!appellee, "#. A($ER E. O(SEN AN /OM&AN, /OM&AN, 'N/., *e+en*ant!appellant. *e+en*ant!appellant. 15. 1925 Mar 20 G.R. No. (!20154 $AN $AN )O/, petitioner petitioner!appellant, !appellant, "#. $%E 'NSU(AR 'NSU(AR /O((E/$OR OF /US$OMS, /US$OMS, re#pon*ent!appellee. 16. 1926 Mar 25 G.R. No. (!24974 RO)'NSON, F(EM'NG AN /O., plainti!appellant, "#. /RUB $AN /%ONG SA, *e+en*ant!appellee. 1. 192 Mar 0 G.R. No. (!255 AF'FE A)O /%E)AN GORAE), Plaintif-Appellee, Plaintif-Appellee, "#. NA8') $ANNUS %AS%'M, *e+en*ant an* appellant 1-.192 1-.192 No"e No"embe mberr 1 G.R. G.R. No. No. (!225 (!22595 95 $e#tate $e#tate E#tate o+ 8o#ep G. )rimo, )rimo, 8UAN M'/'ANO, a*mini#trator, a*mini#trator, petitioner petitioner!! appellee, "#. ANRE )R'MO, opponent!appellant. opponent!appellant. 19.192 No"ember 1 G.R. No. No. (!260 $%E &EO&(E OF $%E $%E &%'('&&'NE 'S(ANS, plainti!appellee, plainti!appellee, "#. /AR(OS /AR(OS S. $AN, $AN, *e+en*ant!appellant. *e+en*ant!appellant. 27.192 27.192 eem eember ber 2 G.R. G.R. No. No. (!2(!2-9 9 ES$ERN ECU'&MEN$ AN SU&&( /OM&AN, ES$ERN E(E/$R'/ /OM&AN, 'N/., . B. SM'$% an* FE('D /. REES, plainti#!appellee#, "#. F'E( A. REES, a# iretor o+ te )3rea3 o+ /ommere an* 'n*3#tr, %ENR %ERMAN, &E$ER O:)R'EN, MANUE( ). 'AB, FE('&E MA&O an* AR$EM'O BAMORA, BAMORA, *e+en*ant#!appellant#. *e+en*ant#!appellant#. 21. 192- Mar 15 G.R. No. (!290 &A$R'/K %ENR FRANK an* '(('AM %ENR GO%N, plainti!appellee#, "#. /ONS$AN/'O )EN'$O, *e+en*ant!appellant. 22. 192- Otober 2
G.R. No. (!2-02-
'n te matter o+ te ;ill o+ 8ennie Ri*er )abo. )EA$R'/E )A)/O/K $EM&(E$ON, petitioner!appellee, "#. '(('AM R'ER )A)/O/K, opponent!appellant. opponent!appellant. 20.192- eember 29 G.R. No. No. (!2-05 )AS'('O SAN$OS /O, appliant!appellant, "#. $%E GO $io, petitioner!appellee, "#. $%E 'NSU(AR /O((E/$OR OF /US$OMS, re#pon*ent!appellant. re#pon*ent!appellant. 26. 1929 83l 29 G.R. No. (!076-5 RA$AN S'NG%, plainti!appellant, "#. $%E GO3#t 2 G.R. No. (!07-0 8UAN ). A(EGRE, A(EGRE, petitioner!appellee, petitioner!appellee, "#. $%E 'NSU(AR 'NSU(AR /O((E/$OR OF /US$OMS, re#pon*ent#!appellant. 2-.1907 2-.1907 Febr Febr3ar 3ar 1 G.R. G.R. No. No. (!021 (!02167 67 R' $ONG ?alias ?alias N> )en> $on>@ an* /%UA S'U NA, petitioner#!appellee#, "#. $%E 'NSU(AR /O((E/$OR /O((E/$OR OF /US$OMS, re#pon*ent!appe re#pon*ent!appellant. llant. 29. 1907 Mar 1 G.R. No. (!02606 'n te matter E#tate o+ E*;ar* Ran*olp %i, *eea#e*. A.. F(UEMER, petitioner!appellant, "#. ANN'E /OUS%'NG %'D, oppo#itor! appellee.
KAUFFMAN v.THEPHI LI PPI NE NATI ONALBANK G. R.No.16454Sept ember29,1921 Do c t r i ne :Bys e l l i ngac abl et r ans f e ro ff undso naf o r e i g nc o unt r yi no r di nar yc o ur s e ,a bank i ncur sa si mpl econt r act ualobl i gat i on,and cannotbe consi der ed ashol di ngt he mo ne ywhi c hwaspai df o rt het r ans f e ri nt hec har ac t e ro fas pe c i fict r us t .
FACTS: Pl ai nt i ff Geor geA.Kauffman was t hepr es i dentofa domes t i ccorpor at i on engagedchi eflyi nt heexport at i on ofhemp.Heapparent l yhel di nhi sownri ghtnear l y t he ent i r ei ssue ofcapi t als t ock.Lat eron,t he boar d ofdi r ect orsofsai d company decl aredadi vi dendofP100, 000 f r om i t ssurpl usearni ngs,ofwhi ch t hepl ai nt i ff was ent i t l edt ot hesum ofP98, 000.Thi samountwasaccor di ngl ypl aced t ohi scr edi ton t hebooksoft hecompany ,andsor emai nedunt i lan unsucc es sf uleffor twasmadet o t r ansmi tt hewhol e,oragr eat erpartt her eof ,t ot hepl ai nt i ffi nNew Yor kCi t y. I nt hi sconnect i on i tappearst hatt het r easur eroft hecorpor at i on pr esent ed hi mse l fi nt he exc hange depar t ment oft he PNB i n Mani l a and r eques t ed t hat a t el egr aphi ct r ansf erof$45, 000shoul dbemadet ot hepl ai nt i ffi nNew Yor kCi t y ,upon accountoft he cor por at i on.He was i nf ormed t hatt he t ot alcos tofsai dt r ansf er , i ncl udi ng exc hange and cos t ofmes sage ,woul d be P90, 355. 50.Acc or di ngl y ,t he t r easur eroft hecor por at i on dr ew and del i ve r edacheckf ort hatamounton t hePNB; and t hesame was acc ept ed by t he office rsel l i ng t he exc hangei n paymentoft he t r ansf eri n ques t i on.Asevi denceoft hi st r ansact i on a documentwasmadeoutand del i vered,whi chi sref erredt obythebank' sassi st antcashi erasi t soffici alrecei pt . ThePNB di spat ched t oi t sNew Yor k agencya cabl egr am.Upon r ecei ptoft he t el egr aphi cmess age,t hebank' sr epre sent at i vei n New Yor k sentacabl emess agei n r epl ysuggest i ngt headvi sabi l i t yofwi t hhol di ngt hi smoneyf r om Kauffman,i n vi ew of hi srel uct ancet oacceptcert ai n bi l l soft hecorpor at i on.ThePNB acqui esced i nt hi s di spat ched t oi t s New Yor k agency anot her message t o wi t hhol dt he Kauffman paymentass ugge s t ed. Thet r easur eroft hecor por at i on cabl edt oKauffman i n New Yor kadvi si nghi m t hat$45, 000hadbeenpl acedt ohi scr edi ti nt heNew Yor kagencyoft hePNB;andi n r es ponset ot hi s advi ceKauffman pr es ent ed hi mse l fatt he officeoft he PNB,and demanded t hemoney .Byt hi st i me,howev er ,t hemes sagef r om t hePNB di r ec t i ngt he wi t hhol di ngofpayme nthad been r ecei ved i n New Yor k,and payme ntwast her ef or e r ef used. Pl ai nt i ffKauffman i nst i t ut edan act i oni nt heCFIofMani l at or ecoversai dsum, wi t hi nt er estandcos t s. LowerCour tRul i ng: Judgmentwasre nder edi nf avorofpl ai nt i ff. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornotKauffmanhasac auseofact i onagai ns tPNB –YES
RATI O T : headmi t t edf act sshow t hatt hedef endantbankf oraval uabl econsi der at i on pai dbyt hecorpor at i on agr eedt ocauseasum ofmoneyt obepai dt ot hepl ai nt i ffi n New Yor kCi t y .Theri ghtoft hepl ai nt i fft omai nt ai nt hepr esentact i on i scl earenough; f ori ti sundeni abl et hatt hebank' spr omi set ocausea defini t esum ofmoneyt obe pai dt ot he pl ai nt i ff i n New Yor k Ci t yi s a st i pul at i on i n hi sf avor ; and t he ci r cumst ancesunderwhi ch t hatpr omi sewasgi ve n di scl osean evi denti nt ent i on on t he partoft hecont r act i ng part i est hatt he pl ai nt i ff shoul d havet he moneyupon demand i n New YorkCi t y .Therec ogni t i on oft hi sunqual i fied r i ghti nt hepl ai nt i fft o r ecei vet hemoneyi mpl i esi nt heri ghti n hi mt omai nt ai n an act i on t orecoveri t ;and i ndeedi ft hepr ovi si on i nquest i on wer enotappl i cabl et othef act s,i twoul dbedi fficul t t oconcei veofacaseari si ngunderi t . Bysel l i ngacabl et r ansf eroff undson af orei gn count ryi n ordi narycour se,a banki ncur sasi mpl econt r act ualobl i gat i on,andcannotbeconsi der edashol di ngt he moneywhi chwaspai df ort het r ansf eri nt hecharact erofaspeci fict rust .Thus,i twas sai d," Cabl et r ansf er s,t her ef or e,mean a met hod oft r ansmi t t i ng money by cabl e wher ei nt hesel l erengagest hathehast hebal anceatt hepoi ntonwhi cht hepayme nt i sor der edandt haton r ecei ptoft hecabl edi r ect i ngt het r ansf erhi scorr espondentat such poi ntwi l lmake paymentt ot he benefici ary descr i bed i nt he cabl e.Al lt hes e t r ansact i onsaremat t ersofpur chaseandsal ecr eat enot rustr el at i onshi p. "
PEOPLEOFTHEPHI LI PPI NESv.CHAN FOOK G. R.No.L16968Oct ober6,1921 Do c t r i ne :Fo r e i gne r si nt hePhi l i ppi ne sar ee nt i t l e dt ot hebe ne fit so ft hei ndi v i dualr i ght s s ec ur e dbyt heBi l lo fRi ght so fo urCo ns t i t ut i o n.
Theaccused,aChi nesesubj ect ,wasapassengeroft heUni t edSt at esMi l i t ary FACTS: Tr anspor tSout hBend.Havi ngbeenal l owedbyt hei mmi gr at i onaut hor i t i est ol and,he l ef tt he boaton t he same day .The f ol l owi ng day ,he wentt o pi erno.1 t o ge thi s baggage.Af t ert hesear ch oft hebaggagei n whi ch pos t car dsofan i ndecentchar act er wer ef ound,acust omsagentat t empt ed t osear ch t hebodyoft heaccused,t owhi ch t hel at t erapparent l yobj ect ed.Adi sput et ookpl acebet weent het wo,whi cht ermi nat ed i nt hesecr etagentsei zi ngt heChi naman byt hear m wi t hi nt entt osear ch hi sbody , af t ers howi nghi m hi spol i cebadge.Theaccusedr esi st edandst ruckt hesecr etagent on t hest omach.Thel at t eri nt ur n st r uck hi m on t henec k.Thecust omsi nspect or i nt er ve nedandexpl ai nedt ot heaccusedt hatCr uzwasacust omssecr etser vi ceagent and had t her i ghtt osear ch hi mi n or dert ofind whet herhehad on hi sper son any cont r aband.Thent heappel l antmadenof ur t herr esi st anceandal l owedhi msel ft obe searched. Lower Cour t Rul i ng:Chan Fook was pr ose cut ed f ort he cr i me ofr es i st anceand di sobedi encet ot hepubl i caut hori t ybyt heCFIofMani l a. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornotaccusedi sgui l t yoft hecri meofr esi st anceanddi sobedi ence– NO RATI O: Thepr osecut i onal l egest hatundersect i on 1338oft heAdmi ni st r at i veCodeal l per sonscomi ngi nt ot hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsf r om Forei gn count ri esshal lbel i abl et o det ent i on and se ar ch by t hecus t omsaut hor i t i esundersuch r egul at i onsasmaybe pr escri bedr el at i vet her et o.Thedef ense,however ,cont endst hatoncet heaccusedhas arri vedatt hepoi ntofhi sdest i nat i on bybei ngal l owedt ol eavet heboatandt ol andhe wasbeyond t hej ur i sdi ct i on oft hecust omsaut hor i t i es,and,t her ef or e,notl i abl et o searchwi t houtj udi ci alwarr ant . Havi ngi n mi ndt heai m oft hel aw i n aut hori zi ngt hesear chofper sonscomi ng f r om f or ei gn count r i es, whi ch i st o avoi dt he cl andes t i ne i nt r oduct i on i nt ot he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands of goods subj ec tt ot he payment of cust oms dut i es , or t he i mport at i on oft heart i cl espr ohi bi t edbyl aw,ort heent r anceofper sonswhohaveno r i ghtt or esi de i nt hese I sl ands,af t ert he cust oms aut hori t i es have per mi t t ed t he accused t ol and i n Mani l a,t het er mi nusofhi svoyage,heceased t o bea passenger wi t hi nt hemeani ngofsai dsect i on1338oft heAdmi ni st r at i veCode.
Thescopeoft her espect i vepower sofpubl i cofficer sandt hei ragent si sfixed.I f t heygobeyondi tandt heyvi ol at eanyr ecogni zedri ght soft heci t i zens,t hent hel at t er mayr esi stt hei nvasi on. I nt hecaseatbart heact i on oft heaccusedi nl ayi nghi shandson t heagent Cruzi san adequat edef enset or epelt heaggr essi on oft hel at t er ,whohad sei zedhi m by t he ar m f or t he pur pose ofsear chi ng hi m.I n accor dance wi t ht he r epeat ed deci si onsoft hesupr emecourtofSpai n,t hegravi t yofadi sobedi encet oanorderofa per soni npubl i caut hori t yi smeasur edandgr adedbyt heci r cumst ancess ur r oundi ng t heact ,t hemot i vespr ompt i ngi t ,andt her eali mport anceoft het r ansgressi on r ather t han by t he sour ce of t he or der di sobeye d. And, t aki ng i nt o consi der at i on t he ci r cumst ance s of t he pr es ent cas e, wher ei n t he age nt Cr uz had exc ee ded hi s f unct i ons,and wher ei nt heaccusedact ed i n def enseoft hemosthi ghl yest eemed of i ndi vi dual r i ght s— t he const i t ut i onal r i ght t o be sec ur ed agai nst unr easonabl e sear ches— weareoft heopi ni ont hatt her ei snogroundf orfindi ngt heaccusedgui l t y oft hecr i medefinedi nart i cl e252oft hePenalCode. Thesupr emecourtofSpai n hel dt hatt heactofobst i nat el ydi sr egardi ngan orderofan agentoft heaut hori t ydoesnotconst i t ut et hecri meofgraver esi st anceand di sobedi encet o an agentoft he publ i c aut hori t y wher ei tappear st hatupon bei ng di r ect edf ort het hi r dt i me,t heaccusedobeyed,t houghut t eri ngunpl easantwords,f or al t hought heaccuseddi dnotl eav et hepr emi seson t hefir standsec ondr equest s,he, however ,obeyedon t het hi r d,anddi dnotr enderi tnecessaryf ort hepubl i cofficert o makeuseoft hemeansaut hori ze dbyl aw t omakehi msel fr espect ed.Thatt heaccused hadnoi nt ent i on t oresi standdi sobeyt heagent soft heaut hori t y,i nt hel egalsenseof t hewor d,i sshowsbyt hef actt hatbyt hemer eexpl anat i on oft hecust omsi nspect or , hefinal l yal l owedhi msel ft obesearched. Thatf or ei gner si nt hePhi l i ppi nesar eent i t l ed t ot hebenefit soft hei ndi vi dual r i ght ssecur edbyt hePhi l i ppi neBi l li sundeni abl e.When Congr esscamet opasst he ActofJul y1,1902,i tenact ed,al mosti nt hel anguageoft hePr esi dent ' si nst r uct i ons, t he Bi l lofRi ght s ofourConst i t ut i on.I n vi ew oft he expr essed decl ar at i ons oft he Presi dent ,f ol l owedbytheact i onofCongress,bothadopt i ng,wi t hl i t t l eal t ernat i on,t he pr ovi si onsoft heBi l lofRi ght s,t her ewoul dseem t obenor oom f orar gumentt hati n t hi sf orm i twas i nt ended t o carr yt ot hePhi l i ppi neI sl andst hose pri nci pl esofour gove r nmentwhi ch t he Pr esi dentdecl ar ed t o be es t abl i shed as r ul es ofl aw f ort he mai nt enance of i ndi vi dual f r ee dom, at t he same t i me expr es si ng r egr et t hat t he i nhabi t ant soft heI sl andshadnott her ef oreenj oyedt hei rbenefit . Andaccor di ngt ot hepri nci pl esunder l yi ngt heConst i t ut i on,asext endedt ot he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands by t he Pr esi dent ' si nst r uct i ons t ot he Commi ssi on and by t he Phi l i ppi ne Bi l l ,f orei gners are ent i t l ed t ot he pr ot ecti on of t hei rl i f e,l i bert y,and property.
PHI LI PPI NE MANUFACTURI NG CORPORATI ONv.UNI ON I NSURANCE SOCI ETYOF CANTON,LTD. G. R.No.L16473November11,1921 Do c t r i ne :Whe ni nal i t i g at i o nt heappl i c at i o no faf o r e i gnl aw i sso ught ,i ti sne c es sar yt o pr o v ebef or et hec our t soft heI sl ands,i nasat i sf ac t or ymanner ,t heexi s t enc eofsuc hl aw asa q ue s t i o no ff ac t ;and whe n pr o o fo fs uc ha l aw i sl ac k i ng ,i ti si mpr o pe rt oappl y unkno wnl awst os ui t spe ndi ngbe f o r et hec o ur t so ft heI s l ands .
FACTS: Thepl ai nt i ff was t he owneroft he st eelt ank l i ght ername d Phi l maco.The def endanti san i nsurancecompanyor gani z edundert hel awsofHongKonganddul y aut hori zedt ot r ansactbusi nessher e. The def endanti nsur ed t he pl ai nt i ff' sl i ght er and i ssued i t s pol i cy f or such i nsur ance.Duri ngt hel i f eoft hepol i cyand asa r esul tofat yphoon,t hel i ght erwas sunk i nt heMani l aBay ,ofwhi ch t hepl ai nt i ff not i fied t hedef endantand demanded paymentoft hef ul lamountofi t spol i cy ,whi ch t hedef endantr ef used,anddeni edi t s l i abi l i t y.Pl ai nt i ff commenced an act i on and al l eged i nt hecompl ai ntt hatt hel ossof t hesai dst eelt ankl i ght erwast ot alandt hef ul lamountf orwhi chi twasi nsur edupon suchl ossi mmedi at el ybec amedueandpayabl e.Foranswert hedef endantadmi t st he i ssuanceand del i veryoft hepol i cy ,and,as a f urt herand separat edef ense,al l eges t hat ,underi t st erms,t hedef endantwasonl yl i abl ef oran absol ut et ot all oss,andt hat t herewasnotat otaldest ruct i onoft hel i ght er . LowerCour tRul i ng : hel T owercour tr ender edj udgmentf ort hedef endant .Hence,an appealwast aken. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornotdef endanti sl i abl e–YES RATI O: Counself ort hedef endantpoi nt soutt hatt hepol i cypr ovi dest hati t" shal lbe ofas much f or ceand effec tast he sur es twr i t i ng orpol i cy ofi nsur ancemade i n London, "and cont end t hatt hepol i cyshoul d beconst r ued undert heMar i neLaw of Gr eatBri t ai n,butast owhatmaybet hel aw t her ei snotal l egedorprov en. Thel aw ofGr eatBr i t ai n si ncet heDecl ar at i on ofI ndependencei st hel aw ofa f orei gn count ry ,and,l i keanyot herf orei gn l aw,i smat t eroff act ,whi ch t hecourt sof t hi scount rycannotbepr esumedt obeacquai nt edwi t h,ort ohavej udi ci alknowl edge of ,unl essi ti spl eadedandpr oved. Ther ul et hatt hecour t sofonecount r ycannott akecogni z anceoft hel aw of anot herwi t houtpl eaandpr oofhasbeenconst ant l ymai nt ai nedatl aw andi n equi t y , i nEngl andandAmer i ca. When i n al i t i gat i on t he appl i cat i on ofa f or ei gn l aw,f orexampl et he l aw of Chi na,i s sought ,i ti s necessary t o pr ove bef or et he cour t s oft he I sl ands,i na sat i sf act orymanner ,t heexi st enceofsuchl aw asaquest i on off act ;andwhenpr oofof
suchal aw i sl acki ng,i ti si mpr opert oappl yunknownl awst osui t spendi ngbef or et he court soft heI sl ands. I nt heEngl i sh pr act i ce,a shi pi sa t ot all osswhen shehas sust ai ns uch ext ensi vedamaget hati twoul dnotber easonabl ypr act i calt orepai rher .Theordi nary measur eofprudencewhi cht hecourt shaveadopt edi st hi s:I ft heshi p,whenr epai r ed, wi l lnotbewor t ht hesum whi chi twoul dbenecessar yt oexpenduponher ,t her epai r s ar e,pract i cal l yspeaki ng,i mpossi bl e,andi ti sacaseoft ot all oss.( Ci t i nganumberof Engl i shaut hori t i es. ) Af t era car ef ulconsi der at i on oft he i mpor t antcase,t he deci si on oft he t r i al cour tshoul dber ev er sed,andt hataj udgmentshoul dbeent er edher ei nf avoroft he pl ai nt i ffagai nstt hedef endant .
PEOPLEOFTHEPHI LI PPI NESv.LOLLO andSARAW G. R.No.17958 Februar y27,1922 Do c t r i ne :Byt heTr e at yo fP ar i s ,Spai nc e de dt hePhi l i ppi neI s l andst ot heUni t e dSt at e s. A l ogi c alc ons t r uc t i on ofar t i c l es oft he PenalCode,l i ke t he ar t i c l es deal i ng wi t ht he c r i meo fpi r ac y ,wo ul dbet hatwhe r e v e r" Spai n"i sme nt i o ne d,i ts ho ul dbes ubs t i t ut e dby t hewor ds" Uni t edSt at es"andwher ever" Spani ar ds"ar ement i oned,t hewor dshoul dbe s ubs t i t ut e dbyt hee xpr e ss i o n" c i t i z e nso ft heUni t e dSt at e sandc i t i z e nso ft hePhi l i ppi ne I s l ands . "
FACTS: On oraboutJune30,1920,t woboat sl ef tmat ut a,a Dut ch poss es si on,f or Pet a,anot herDut chposs es si on.Ther et heboatwassur r oundedbysi xvi nt asmanned byt went yf ourMor osal lar me d.TheMor osfir s taskedf orf ood,butonceont heDut ch boat ,t oo f ort hems el ves al loft he car go,at t acked someoft he men,and br ut al l y vi ol at ed t wooft hewome n byme t hodst oohor r i bl et ot hedescr i bed.Twooft heMor o mar auder swer eLol l o,whoal sor apedoneoft hewomen,andSar aw. Lol l oandSaraw l at err et ur nedt ot hei rhomei n Sout hUbi an,Tawi Tawi ,Sul u, Phi l i ppi neI sl ands.Ther et heywer earr est edandwer echarge di nt heCFIofSul u wi t h t hecri meofpi r acy .A demur r erwasi nt er pose d by counse lde offici of ort heMor os, basedon t hegr oundst hatt heoffensechar gedwasnotwi t hi nt hej ur i sdi ct i on oft he CFI ,norofanycourtoft hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands,andt hatt hef act sdi dnotconst i t ut ea publ i coffense,undert hel awsi nf or cei nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands.Thedemur r erwas overrul edbyt het ri alj udge. LowerCour tRul i ng: Judgmentwasr ender edfindi ngt het wodef endant sgui l t y . I SSUE: 1.Whet herornott heoffensecommi t t edi spenal i ze dbyPhi l i ppi nel aws–YES RATI O:I ti s evi dent t hat t he pr ovi si ons of t he Penal Code now i nf or ce i nt he Phi l i ppi nesr el at i ngt opi racyar enoti nconsi st entwi t ht hecorrespondi ngpr ovi si onsi n f orcei nt heUni t edSt at es. Byt heTreat yofPari s,Spai n cededt hePhi l i ppi neI sl andst ot heUni t edSt at es. A l ogi calconst r uct i on ofar t i cl esoft hePenalCode,l i ket hear t i cl esdeal i ngwi t ht he cri meofpi r acy,woul dbet hatwher ever" Spai n"i sment i oned,i tshoul dbesubst i t ut ed by t he wor ds " Uni t ed St at es"and wher ever " Spani ar ds"ar e me nt i oned,t he wor d shoul d besubst i t ut ed bytheexpr essi on " ci t i zensoft heUni t ed St at esandci t i zensof t he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands. "Somewhatsi mi l ar r easoni ng l ed t hi s cour ti nt he case of Uni t ed St at esvs.Smi t ht ogi vet ot hewor d" aut hori t y"asf oundi nt hePenalCodea l i mi t ed meani ng,whi ch woul d nol ongercompr ehend al lr el i gi ous,mi l i t ary ,and ci vi l officer s,butonl ypubl i cofficer si nt heGover nmentoft hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands.
I N RE: CHEONG BOO.
MORA ADONG v.CHEONG SENG GEE G. R.No.18081Mar ch3,1922 Do c t r i ne :T oe st abl i s hav al i df o r e i gnmar r i ag epur s uantt ot hi sc omi t ypr o vi s i o n,i ti sfir s t ne c e s sar yt opr o v ebe f o r et hec o ur t so ft heI s l andst hee x i s t e nc eoft hef o r e i g nl aw asa q ue s t i o no ff ac t ,and i ti st he n ne c e s s ar yt o pr o v et he al l e g e df o r e i g n mar r i ag eb y c o nv i nc i nge v i de nc e .
FACTS: Cheong Boo,a nat i ve of Chi na, di ed i nt es t at ei n Zamboanga,Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands,on August5,1919.Hel ef tpr oper t ywort h near l yP100, 000.Theest at eoft he dece asedwascl ai med,ont heonehand,byCheongSengGee ,whoal l eg edt hathewas al egi t i mat echi l d byamarr i agecont r act ed byCheongBoowi t h Tan Di ti n Chi nai n 1895.Thees t at ewascl ai med,ont heot herhand,byt heMor aAdongwhoal l eg edt hat shehad beenl awf ul l ymarr i edt oCheongBooi n 1896 i n Basi l an,Phi l i ppi neI sl ands, and herdaught er s,Payang,mar r i ed t o Cheng Bi an Chay ,and Rosal i a CheongBoo, unmarr i ed.Theconfli ct i ngcl ai mst ot heest at eofCheongBoower eve nt i l at ed i nt he CFIofZamboanga. LowerCour tRul i ng :Thet r i alj udger eached t heconcl usi on t hatt hepr oofdi d not suffici ent l yest abl i sh t heChi nes emarr i age,butt hatbecauseCheongSeng Geehad beenadmi t t edt ot hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsast hesonoft hedeceased,heshoul dshar ei n t heest at easanat ur alchi l d.Wi t hr ef er encet otheal l egat i onsoft heMoraAdongand herdaught er s Payang and Rosal i a,t he t r i alj udgere ached t he concl usi on t hatt he mar r i agebet wee nt heMor aAdongandt hedeceasedhadbeenadequat el ypr ov edbut t hatundert he l aws oft he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands i tc oul d notbe hel dt o be a l awf ul marr i age;accor di ngl y ,t he daught er s Payang and Rosal i a woul di nher i tasnat ur al chi l dr en. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornott heChi nes emarr i agei sval i d–NO RATI O:Sec t i on I V oft he Marr i age Law ( Gener alOr derNo.68)provi des t hat" Al l marr i agescont r act ed wi t houtt heseI sl ands,whi ch woul d beval i d byt hel awsoft he count ryi n whi cht hesamewer econt r act ed,areval i di nt heseI sl ands. "Toest abl i sh a val i df or ei gn mar r i agepur suantt ot hi scomi t ypr ovi si on,i ti sfir stnecessar yt opr ove bef or et hecour t soft heI sl andst heexi st enceoft hef or ei gn l aw asaquest i on off act , andi ti st hennecessaryt opr ovet heal l egedf orei gnmarri agebyconvi nci ngevi dence. Asacasedi r ect l yi n poi nti st hel eadi ngoneofSyJocLi engvs.Encar naci on. Her e,t hecour t soft hePhi l i ppi nesandt heSupr emeCour toft heUni t edSt at eswer e cal l edupon t odeci de,ast ot heconfli ct i ngcl ai mst ot heest at eofaChi nesemer chant ,
bet ween t hedescendant sofan al l eged Chi nesemar r i ageand t hedescendant sofan al l egedPhi l i ppi nemarr i age. I nt hecaseatbart her ei snocompet entt es t i monyast owhatt hel awsofChi na i nt hePr ovi nceofAmoyconcer ni ng marr i agewer ei n 1895.Asi nt heEncar naci on case,t her ei sl acki ngpr oofsocl ear ,st r ong,and unequi vocalas t opr oducea moral convi ct i on oft heexi st enceoft heal l eged pri orChi nesemarri age.Subst i t ut et went yt hr eeyearsf orf ort yyearsandt het wocasesaret hesame.
B.E.JOHANNESv.GEORGE R.HARVEY,etal . G. R.No.18600Mar ch9,1922 Do c t r i ne :No nr e s i de nc ei sa f ac t o rt obec o ns i de r e di n de t e r mi ni ngt hepr o pr i e t yo ft he appo i nt me nto fanadmi ni s t r at o r .
FACTS: Mr s. Car men Theodor a di ed i nt es t at ei n Si ngapor e. She had hei r si n Si ngaporeandi n Mani l a.TheSi ngaporehei r sapparent l yj oi nedi n aski ngt hatl et t er s ofadmi ni st r at i on begr ant edbyt heSupr emeCour toft heSt r ai t sSet t l ement st oB.E. Johannes, t he l awf ul husband of t he deceased. The husband was name dt he admi ni st r at oroft hepr opert yoft hedeceased wi f e,whi ch wasl ocal l ysi t uat ed wi t hi n t hej uri sdi ct i onoft heSupr emeCourtoft heSt r ai t sSet t l ement s. LowerCour tRul i ng : hebr T ot herAl f r ed D'Al me i da wasappoi nt ed admi ni st r at orof t heMani l aest at eoft hedeceased. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornott hehusband oft hedece ase dmaybecomet headmi ni st r at orof bot ht hedeceased’ sMani l aandSi ngapor eest at e–NO RATI O: Thepri nci paladmi ni st rat i on i nt hi si nst ancei sthatatt hedomi ci l eoft hel at e Carmen Theodor aJohannesi n Si ngapore,St r ai t sSe t t l ement s.Whati ssoughti nt he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands i s an anci l l ary admi ni st r at i on subsi di ary t ot he domi ci l i ary admi ni st r at i on,conf ormabl et ot hepr ovi si onsofs ect i ons 601,602,and 603 oft he CodeofCi vi lPr ocedur e.Thepr opercour seofpr ocedur e woul d bef ort heanci l l ary admi ni st r at ort opayt hecl ai msofcr edi t ors,i ft herebeany,set t l etheaccount s,and r emi tt hesurpl ust ot hedomi ci l i ary j uri sdi ct i on,f ordi st ri but i on amongt henextof ki n. Such admi ni st r at i on appear st o be r equi r ed i n t hi sj ur i sdi ct i on si nce t he pr ovi si onsofsect i on 596oft heCodeofCi vi lPr ocedur e,whi chpermi toft heset t l ement ofcert ai nest at eswi t houtl egalpr oceedi ngs,havenotbeenmet . I ti sal mostauni ver salrul et ogi vet hesurvi vi ngspouseapr ef er encewhen an admi ni st r at ori st obeappoi nt ed,unl essf orst r ongr easonsi ti sdeemed advi sabl et o name someone el se . Thi s pr ef er ence has part i cul ar f or ce under Spani sh l aw pr ece dent s.Howev er ,t heCodeofCi vi lPr ocedur e,i n sec t i on 642,whi l enami ngt he sur vi vi nghusbandorwi f e,ast hecasemaybe,asonet owhom admi ni st r at i oncanbe grant ed,l eavest hi st ot hedi scre t i on oft hecourtt odet ermi ne,f ori tmaybef oundt hat t hesurvi vi ngspousei sunsui t abl ef ort heresponsi bi l i t y.Moreover ,nonr esi dencei sa f act ort obeconsi der ed i n det er mi ni ngt hepr opr i et yoft heappoi nt ment ,and i nt hi s connect i on,i ti st obenot ed t hatt hehusband oft hedeceased,t headmi ni st r at orof t he pr i nci paladmi ni st r at i on,r esi des i n Si ngapor e.Undoubt edl y ,i ft he husband shoul dcomei nt ot hi sj uri sdi ct i on,t hecourtwoul dgi veconsi derat i on t ot hi spet i t i on t hathe be named t he anci l l ary admi ni st r at or f or l ocalpur poses.Anci l l ary l et t er s shoul d ordi nari l ybegrant ed t ot hedomi ci l i aryr epr esent at i ve,i fheappl i est her ef ore
ort ohi snomi nee,orat t orney;buti nt heabsenceofexpr essst at ut oryrequi r ementt he cour tmayi ni t sdi scr et i onappoi ntsomeot herper son.
PEOPLEOFTHEPHI LI PPI NESv .WONG CHENG G. R.No.L18924 Oct ober19,1922 Do c t r i ne :I nt he Phi l i ppi ne s ,t he Eng l i s h Rul e ,a c c o r di ng t o whi c h ,c r i me s pe r pe t r at e d abo ar daf o r e i g n me r c h antv e s s e lar ei ng e ne r alt r i abl ei nt he c o ur t so ft he c o unt r y wi t hi nt e r r i t o r yt he ywe r ec o mmi t t e d,i sappl i c abl e .
FACTS : ngChengi Wo saccusedofhavi ngi l l egal l ysmokedopi um aboar dt heme r chant vesselChangsa,whi chi sofEngl i shnat i onal i t y ,whi l eanchoredi nMani l aBayandt wo andahal fmi l esf r om t heshor esoft heci t y .WongChengpr ese nt edademur r ert ot he cri mi nali nf ormat i on,al l egi ngl ackofj uri sdi ct i onoft hel owercourt . Lower Court Rul i ng: The l ower cour tr ul ed i nf avor oft he accused and t hus di smi ssedt hecase. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornotPhi l i ppi nescour t shavej ur i sdi ct i on ove rt hecri mecommi t t ed onboar daf or ei gnmer chantvesse lanchor edi nourj ur i sdi ct i onwat er s.- YES. RATI O T : her ear et wof undament alr ul esont hi spar t i cul armat t eri nconnect i on wi t h I nt er nat i onalLaw;t o wi t ,t he Fr ench r ul e,accor di ng t o whi ch cr i mes commi t t ed aboar daf or ei gn mer chantv es se l s shoul d notbe pros ec ut ed i nt he cour t s oft he count ry wi t hi n whose t er ri t ori al j ur i sdi ct i on t hey wer e commi t t ed, unl ess t hei r commi ssi on affect st hepeaceandsecuri t yoft het err i t ory;andt heEngl i shrul e,based on t he t er r i t ori alpri nci pl e and f ol l owed i nt he Uni t ed St at es,accor di ng t o whi ch, cr i mesper pet r at ed undersuch ci r cumst ancesar ei n gener alt ri abl ei nt hecour t sof t hecount rywi t hi nt err i t oryt heywer ecommi t t ed.Oft hi st worul es,i ti sthel astone t hatobt ai nsi nt hi sj uri sdi ct i on,becauseatpr esentt hetheori esand j uri sprudence pr evai l i ngi nt heUni t edSt at esont hi smat t erareaut hori t yi nt hePhi l i ppi neswhi chi s now at erri t oryoft heUni t edSt at es. We have seen t hatt he me r e possessi on ofopi um aboar d af or ei gn vesseli n t r ansi twashel d by t hi scourtnott ri abl ebyorcour t s,becausei tbei ngt hepr i mary obj ectofourOpi um Law t o pr ot ectt he i nhabi t ant s oft he Phi l i ppi nes agai nstt he di sast r ouseffect sent ai l edbyt heuseoft hi sdrug,i t smer epossessi on i nsuchashi p, wi t houtbei ngused i n ourt er r i t or y ,doesnotbei ngabouti nt hesai dt er r i t or yt hose effect st hatours t at ut econt empl at esavoi di ng.Hencesuch amer eposses si on i snot consi der edadi st ur banceoft hepubl i corder . Butt osmokeopi um wi t hi n ourt er ri t ori all i mi t s,eve nt hough aboar daf or ei gn mer chantshi p,i scert ai nl ya br each oft hepubl i cor derher eest abl i shed,becausei t causessuch drug t o pr oducei t sperni ci ouseffect swi t hi n ourt err i t ory.I tser i ousl y cont r avenes t hepur poset hatourLegi sl at ur ehasi n mi nd i n enact i ngt heaf or esai d r epressi vest at ut e.
ELDORADO OI LWORKSv.COLLECTOR OFI NTERNALREVENUE G. R.No.L20101Jul y12,1923 Do c t r i ne :Af o r e i g nc o r po r at i o nwhi c h ,t hr o ug hi t sr e s i de ntag e nt ,pur c h as e sg oo dsi nt he Phi l i ppi ne st o be de l i v e r e dt oi tabr o ad s hal lno tb es ubj e c tt o payme nto fs al e st ax because i twoul d amountt o paymentofexpor tt ax,whi c hi s notal l owed undert he Fe de r a lCo ns t i t ut i o n.
FACTS:ElDor adoOi lWor ksi sacorporat i on,engagedi nt hemanuf act ur eandsal eof coconutoi l ,cr eat ed undert hel awsoft heSt at eofCal i f orni a,wi t h pri nci palofficei n San Franci sco.I ti sdul yl i censedt ot r ansactbusi nessi nt hePhi l i ppi nes,wher ei thas aresi dentagentengagedsol el yi nt hepur chaseofcopr a. I ti sal l egedt hatElDoradopur chasedcopr af r om vari ousmer chant sre si di ngi n t hePhi l i ppi neson t hecondi t i on t hatt hegoodsshal lbedel i ver edt othef ormerF. O. B. Shi pi n Mani l aBay ,wher eaPer cent ageTaxon Mer chant s’Sal esof1%,aspr esc r i bed underSec.1459oft heAdmi ni st r at i veCodeof1917,waspai dbyt her espect i vesel l er s. TheCI Rt hen l evi ed andassessed ElDor adomer chant ’ st ax,t oget herwi t h sur char ge f ordel i nquency ,on t he pur chased copr a.Sai dt ax was cl ai med agai nsti t sr esi dent pur chasi ngagent .Thet axwaspai dunderpr ot est ,wi t h ElDoradocl ai mi ngt hat( 1)i t wasnotdue,( 2)i nval i dand( 3)t heme r chandi sewasnotexpor t edabr oadbyt hem.El Dor ado see ks t here f und oft het axes i tpai d underpr ot es t ,butCI R over r ul ed t he same. LowerCour tRul i ng : hel T owercour tr ender ed j udgme ntf orElDor adoand gr ant ed i t spr ayerofr ef undwi t hi nt er est ,f r om whi cht heCI R appeal s,cl ai mi ngt hatt hecourt er r edi n( 1)hol di ngt hatt hecorporat i on wasnotsubj ectt ot het axunderSec.1459, ( 2)i nal l owi ngi nt eresti ni t sf avor ,andi n( 3)renderi ngt hej udgment . I SSUE: 2.Whet herornotElDor ado i sl i abl et opayMer chant ’ sTax.–NO RATI O:" Mer chant s, "asuse di n Sec .1459,means a per son engaged i nt hesal e, bar t er ,orexchange ofper sonalpr oper t y ofwhat everchar act er .Exceptas speci al l y pr ovi ded,t het er mi ncl udesmanuf act ur er swhosel lart i cl esoft hei rown pr oduct i on and commi ss i on mer chant shavi ngest abl i shment soft hei rown f ort hekeepi ngand di sposalofgoods ofwhi ch sal es orexchange s ar e effec t ed,butdoes noti ncl ude mer chandi sebroker s. I nt hei nst antcase,t her ei snoi ndi cat i on t hatElDoradoevershi ppedanyraw mat er i alt ot he Phi l i ppi nes t o be manuf act ur ed i nt o a fini shed pr oduct ,ort hati t manuf act ur ed orsol d manuf act ur ed pr oduct si nt hePhi l i ppi nes .Thever ymostt hat can besai di st hat ,t hr ough i t sagent ,i tpur chased r aw mat er i alher ei nt hef orm of copr at obeshi ppedt oi t spl anti n San Fr anci sco,t obemanuf act ur edi nt ooi landi t s bypr oduct s,andt hesel l er spai dt hesal est axpr i ort ot heshi pme ntoft hecopr aasa
condi t i onpr ece ndentandasoneoft heconsi der at i onsoft hepaymentoft hepur chase p r i c e .
Al t hough i ti st hepol i cyoft hel aw t ouphol dr at hert han def eatr evenue l aws,t or equi r e ElDor ado t o pay sal es t ax woul d vi ol at e ev er yr ul e ofs t at ut ory const ruct i on andwoul dr equi r eaf orei gnpur chaserofgoodst opayassal est axf ort he pr i vi l egeofmaki ngt hepur chase,and,i nl egaleffect ,woul dbeat axon export s.Upon v s.Edwar t hatquest i on,acasesquarei n poi nti sA.G.Spal di ng& Br os. ds,Advance Opi ni onsoft heSupr emeCour toft heUni t edSt at es,No.14,15,1923,page539;67L. e d. ,865.I ti sthe r ehe l d: A sal ebyamanuf act ur ert oabr okert ofil lanor derf r om af or ei gn me r chanti s ast epi nt heexport ,wher et het i t l epasseswhent hepr opert yi sdel i ver edt othe carri er ,sot hat ,undert het ermsoft heFederalConst i t ut i on,i ti snotsubj ectt o t ax,wher et hebrokersendst hemanuf act ur erwhati st er medan expor tor der , wi t h di r ect i ons t o del i ver t he goods on boar d shi p,mar ked f or t he f or ei gn mer chant ,al t hough t hei nvoi cei ssentt ot hebr okert oenabl ehi mt osecur ea l i ce nse and cl ear ance att he cust omhouse ,and t he manuf act ur ersecures a r ecei ptf r om t hecarr i er ,whi chi ssentt ot hebr oker ,andbyhi m exchangedf or an exportbi l lofl adi ngi nhi sownname. To r ei t er at e, t he r ecor di s concl usi ve t hat t he ElDor ado nev er " sol d, bar t er ed, exc hange dorc onsi gnedabr oad"anycopr awi t hi nt hemeani ngofse ct i on 1459 oft he Admi ni st r at i veCode.
GO JULI AN v.GOVERNMENT G. R.No.L20809 Oct ober22,1923 Doct r i ne: A per son who, upon r eachi ng t he age of maj or i t y, c hooses t he f or ei gn c i t i z e ns hi po fh i sf at he rmayr e c o v e rhi sPhi l i ppi nec i t i z e ns hi pby t hef ac tt hathewas bo r ni nt hePhi l i ppi ne s.
FACTS:OnSept .7,1899,GoJul i an,aChi nesemer chant ,wasborni nt hePhi l i ppi nes ofChi nesepar ent s.Si nce t hen,he has been r esi di ng i nI l oi l o.I n 1922,he fil ed a pet i t i on i nt heCFIofI l oi l of ornat ural i zat i on asaci t i zen oft hePhi l i ppi nesunderAct No.2972.Headmi t st hathewascur r ent l yaci t i ze n oft heChi neseRepubl i candt hat hehol dsacer t i ficat eofr esi dencei ssuedundert heActofCongr essofApr .29,1902. Not hi ngi nt her ec or ds showst hathi sChi nes epar ent swer econsi der ed asSpani sh subj ectsbef oret herati ficat i onoft heTr eat yofPari s. The At t or neyGener al opposed hi s pe t i t i on on t he gr ounds t hat :( a) t he pet i t i oner ,bei ngChi nese,wasnotent i t l edt ot hebenefit sgrant ed bysai dl aw si ncei t can onl ybeavai l ed ofby “ ci t i zensoft heUni t ed St at esorf or ei gner swho undert he l awsoft heUni t edSt at esmaybebecomeci t i zensofsai dcount ryi fr esi di ngther ei n; ” and ( b)undert he l aws oft he Uni t ed St at es,Jul i an coul d notbe nat ur al i ze d as a ci t i zenoft heU. S.even i fhewerer esi di ngtherei n. LowerCour tRul i ng : het T r i alcour tsust ai nedt heopposi t i onoft heAt t or neyGener al anddeni edJul i an’ spet i t i on. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornotpet i t i onermayrecoverhi sPhi l i ppi neci t i zenshi p.–YES. RATI O A : ssumi ngt hatJul i an,byr eason ofhavi ngbeen bor ni nt hePhi l i ppi nes,had atl eastal at entri ghtt oPhi l i ppi neci t i zenshi p;andassumi ngt hatduri nghi smi nori t y, hi sf at herchosethenat i onal i t yofhi scount ryi nappl yi ngf oracert i ficat eofr esi dence, i n 1903,andt hatJul i an,upon at t ai ni ngt heageofmaj ori t y ,choset henat i onal i t yof hi sf at her ;t hequest i on t hatpr esent si t sel fnow f orourconsi derat i on i swhet herornot t hepet i t i onmayrecovert hePhi l i ppi neci t i zenshi punderActNo.2927. t edSt at esv.WongKi m Ar k( I nt hecaseofUni 169U.S. ,649) ,t heCourtst at ed t h t hatt he14 Amendmentaffir medt heanci entandf undament alr ul eofci t i z enshi pby bi r t h wi t hi nt he t er r i t or y .The Ame ndme nti ncl udes t he chi l dr en bor n wi t hi nt he t erri t oryoft heUni t edSt at es,ofal lotherpersons,ofwhat everraceorcol or ,domi ci l ed wi t hi nt heUni t edSt at es. Sect i on2oft heActofCongr essofAugust29,1916pr ovi des: “ SEC.2.Thatal li nhabi t ant so ft hePhi l i ppi neI s l andswhowe r eSpani s hs ubj e c t s o nt heel e v e nt hdayo fApr i l ,e i g ht e e nhundr e dandni ne t yni ne ,andt he nr e s i de d i ns ai dI s l ands ,andt he i rc h i l dr e nbo r ns ubs e q ue ntt he r e t o ,s hal lbede e me dand he l dt obec i t i z enso ft hePhi l i ppi neI s l ands ,e x c epts uc hasshal lhav ee l e c t e dt o
pr eser vet hei ral l egi anc et ot heCr o wnofSpai ni nac c or danc ewi t ht hepr o vi si ons oft he t r eat y ofpeace bet ween t he Uni t ed St at es and Spai n,si gned atPar i s Decembert ent h,ei ght een hundr ed and ni net yei ght ,and exceptsuc h ot her sas hav es i nc ebe c o mec i t i z e nso fs o meo t he rc o unt r y :P r o v i de d,Thatt hePhi l i ppi ne Le gi s l at ur e ,h er e i n pr o v i de df o r ,i she r e by aut ho r i z e dt opr o v i de b yl aw f o rt he ac q ui s i t i o no fP hi l i ppi nec i t i z ens hi pbyt ho senat i v eso ft hePhi l i ppi neI s l andswho dono tc o mewi t hi nt hef o r e go i ngpr o v i s i o ns ,t henat i v eso ft hei ns ul arpo ss es si o ns o ft heUni t e d St at e s ,a nd s uc ho t he rpe r s o nsr e s i di ng i nt hePhi l i ppi neI s l ands whoar ec i t i z e nso ft heUni t e dSt at e s ,o rwhoc o ul dbe c o mec i t i z e nso ft heUni t e d St at e sunde rt hel awso ft heUni t e dSt at e si fr e si di ngt he r e i n. ”
By vi r t ue of t he aut hori t y gr ant ed by sai d Act ,t he Phi l i ppi ne Legi sl at ur e enact edon Mar ch 26,1920,ActNo.2927 known asNat ur al i z at i on Law.Sec t i on 1 of t hi sActprovi des: “ SEC.1.Whomay becomePhi l i ppi neci t i zens.— Phi l i ppi neci t i zenshi p may be ac q ui r e db y:( a)Nat i v e so ft hePhi l i ppi ne swhoar eno tc i t i z e nst he r e o funde rt he JonesLaw;( b)nat i v esoft heo t herI nsul arpossessi onsoft heUni t ed St at es;( c ) c i t i z e ns o ft he Uni t e d St at e s ,o rf o r e i g ne r s who unde rt he l aws o ft he Uni t e d St at e smaybe c omec i t i z e nsofs ai dc o unt r yi fr e si di ngt he r e i n. ”
TheCour ti soft heopi ni on t hatJul i an i sanat i veoft hePhi l i ppi neswi t hi nt he meani ngoft hewor d" nat i v es "use di nt heActandt heActofCongr es sofAugus t29, 1916.Ther ef ore,si nce hei s a nat i veoft hePhi l i ppi ne I sl ands,buti snot ,however , wi t hi nt hepr ovi si ons ofSect i on 2 oft he ActofCongr ess ofAugust29,1916,f or havi ng chosen t he nat i onal i t y of hi sf at her , he may now r ec ov er hi s Phi l i ppi ne ci t i zenshi p,unders ect i on 1ofActNo.2927.AsMr .Just i ceMal col m,speaki ngofAct No.2927,says: “ The o nl yq ual i fic a t i o nf o ra nat i v eo ft he Phi l i ppi ne st o be abl et o ac q ui r e Phi l i ppi nec i t i z e ns hi pi st hathemus tno tbel e s st hant we nt yo neye ar so fag e . ”
Eve ni n vi ewi ngt heques t i on f r om t hest andpoi ntt hatJul i an i sa Chi neseon accountoft hef actt hathechoset henati onal i t yofhi sf at heraf t erat t ai ni ngtheageof maj ori t y ,t he f actofhi s havi ng born i nt he Phi l i ppi ne st i l lst ands,and undert he doct r i nel ai d down i nt heWongKi m Ar k case,and f ol l owed by t hi scour ti n var i ous deci si ons,hemaynow r ecoverhi sPhi l i ppi neci t i zenshi p undert hepr ovi si onsoft he Nat ural i zat i on Act .
LAO andLAO v.DEE TI M G. R.No.L20809 Oct ober22,1923 Do c t r i ne :Mar r i ag e sb y Chi ne s epe r s o nsi n Chi na wi l lber e c o g ni z e di no urj ur i s di c t i o n wheni ti spr ovedt hatt hecer emonyt ookpl acei nacc or dancewi t ht hel awsandcust oms ofChi na.
FACTS:I n 1922,acer t ai n Yap Si ongdi edi nt hemuni ci pal i t yofAngel es,Pampanga, i nt hePhi l i ppi nes,l eavi ngaconsi der abl eamountofpr opert yt obedi st ri but edamong hi shei r s.An admi ni st r at orwasappoi nt edt oadmi ni st erhi sest at e.Duri ngt hecour se oft headmi ni st r at i on and di st ri but i on,part i esher ei n appeared,each cl ai mi ngt o be t hel egi t i mat ehei r soft hedeceased.Pet i t i onerMari aLao cl ai mst obet hel egi t i mat e wi dow ofYap,havi ng been l egal l y mar r i ed on June 24,1903 i nt he Phi l i ppi nes. Def endantDeeTi ml i kewi secl ai mst obet hel egi t i mat ewi dow ofYapsayi ngt hatt hey wer emar r i edonSept ember14,1893i naccor dancewi t ht hel awsofChi na. LowerCour tRul i ng : het T r i alcour tr ul edi nf avorofpet i t i oner sLao. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornott hemarr i agebet wee n def endantDeeTi m andt hedec easedYap Si ongmayber ecogni ze dasval i d.–YES. RATI O A : mar r i agecer emonyper f or me di n Chi nawi l lbesust ai ned i nt hePhi l i ppi ne j ur i sdi ct i on when i ti spr oved t hatt hecer emony t ook pl acei n accor dancewi t ht he l awsand cust omsofChi na.When t hemar r i agehasbeen t huscel ebr at ed,i twi l lbe hel dt obel egalandval i d.Thepr oof ,however ,mustbecl earandconvi nci ng. I nt hecaseatbar ,DeeTi m pr esent edagreatdealofpr ooft oshow t hatshewas t he l egi t i mat e wi f e ofYap Si ong,l awf ul l yj oi ned t o hi m i n wedl ock i n Chi na.She pres ent ed a ce r t i ficat e ofmarr i age,whi ch she cont ended was compl i ed wi t ht he cust om and pr act i cei n Chi nawi t hr ef er encet omarr i agecer emoni es.Tosupporther cl ai m,shepr esent ed sev er alwi t nesseswhot est i fied ast ot hef ormsofcer emoni esof Chi nes emar r i ages.
ASI ATI C PETROLEUM CO.( PHI LI PPNE I SLANDS) ,LTD.v.TRI NI DAD G. R.No.L21320Mar ch4,1924 Do c t r i ne :Ac o r po r at i o n,whe t he rdo me s t i co rf o r e i g n,whi c hi seng ag e di nbus i ne s si nt he Phi l i ppi nesandwhoconsi gnsgoodsabr oadi sconsi der eda“ Mer c hant ”underPhi l i ppi ne t axl awsandt husl i abl ef o rasal e st ax .
FACTS: Asi at i c( PI )i saf or ei gn cor por at i on,dul yl i censedt ot r ansactbusi nessi nt he Phi l i ppi nes and domi ci l ed i n Mani l a,e ngaged i n sel l i ng pet r ol eum pr oduct si nt he Phi l i ppi ne s.I ti saffil i at e d wi t h As i at i c( St r a i t sSe t t l e me nt s ) ,al s oaf or e i g nc or por a t i on engagedi nt hebusi nessofsel l i ngandt r ansport i ngpr oduct si nt heSt r ai t sSet t l ement . Bet wee n Oct . 1917 t o June 121, Asi at i c( St r ai t s Set t l ement s) pur chase d f r om JohnsonPi cketRopeCo. ,adome s t i ccor por at i on,P363, 709wor t h ofr ope,whi ch was del i ver ed upon i nst ruct i on ofAsi at i c( PI )on boar d vess el s cont r ol l ed or owned by Asi at i c( St r ai t sSet t l eme nt s)pl yi ngbet ween Mani l aand Si ngapor e.I twasAsi at i c( PI ) whi ch pai df ort he r ope on accountofAsi at i c( St r ai t s Set t l eme nt s)and si gned t he shi ppi ngdocument s.On t heot herhand,i twast her opecompanywhi ch pai dt he1% mer chant ’ st axpr ovi dedunderActNo.2711. Somet i mei nJul y1921,Tri ni dad,ast hedul yappoi nt edandact i ngCol l ect orof I nt er nalRevenue,demanded f r om Asi at i c( PI )paymentoft axes,cl ai mi ngt hati twas l i abl easmer chant sf orasal est axundert hesamel aw.Asi at i c( PI )pai dt het axunder pr o t e s t . LowerCour tRul i ng : hel T owercour tr ender edj udgmenti nf avorofTr i ni dad. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornotpet i t i onermaybehel dl i abl ef orpaymentofsal est ax.–YES. RATI O: Sec t i on 1459 of t he Admi ni st r at i ve Code, ent i t l ed " Per ce nt age t ax on mer chant s'sal es, " ,speci fical l ypr ovi desthatal lmer chant snotot herwi seexemptshal l pay a t ax on al lg oods, war es , and mer chandi se sol d, bar t er ed, e xc hange d, or consi gned abr oad by t hem.I tal sopr ovi dest hat" mer chant , "asher euse d,meansa per son engaged i nt he sal e,bart er ,orexchange ofper sonalpr oper t y ofwhat ev er charact er . Asi at i c( PI ) ,admi t t ed t hati ti s engaged i nt he sal e ofpet r ol eum wi t hi nt he Phi l i ppi nes.I ti sal sost i pul at edt hatt hebi l l sofl adi ngandot hershi ppi ngdocument s oft heropewer esi gnedbyt hepl ai nt i ff,whi ch pai d JohnsonPi cketRopeCo.f orand on accountofAsi at i c( St rai t sSet t l ement s) . Thepl ai nt i ff,bei ngame r chant ,ast hewor di sdefined i nt heAct ,and havi ng consi gned t he r ope abroad and si gned t he bi l l s of l adi ng and ot her shi ppi ng document s,i tmustf ol l ow t hati ti sl i abl ef ort he t ax.The Actdefines t he wor d " mer chant , "andwhent hef acti sonceest abl i shedt hataper son i samer chantwi t hi n t hemeani ngoft heAct ,hei sl i abl ef ort hemer chant ' st ax f oranygoods,wares ,and
mer chandi sesol d,bart er ed,exc hanged,orconsi gned abr oad by hi m.Thepl ai nt i ff, havi ngal l eged and admi t t ed t hati ti sengaged i nt hesel l i ngofpet r ol eum wi t hi nt he Phi l i ppi neI sl ands,i ti sa mer chantwi t hi nt hemeani ngoft hewor dasdefinedi nt he Act ,andt hef actt hati ti same r chantmakesi tl i abl ef ort het axi nquest i on.
MARSHALLWELLSCO.v.HENRYW.ELSER & CO. ,I NC. G. R.No.22015Sept ember1,1924 Doct r i ne:Cor por at i ons haveno l egalst at us beyond t he bounds oft he sover ei gnt y by whi c ht he yar ec r e at e d.Butbyv i r t ueofs t at ec o mi t y ,ac o r po r at i o nc r e at e d byt hel aws o fo n es t at ei sus ual l y al l o we dt ot r ans ac tbus i ne s si no t he rs t at e s and t os uei nt he c o ur t soft hef o r um.
FACTS:Mar shal l Wel l s,an Or egon cor por at i on,sued El ser& Co. ,I nc. ,a domes t i c corpor at i on,i nt heCFIofMani l af ort her ecover yoft heunpai d bal anceofa bi l lof goodssol dbyt hef ormert ot hel at t er .El ser& Co.demur r edt ot hecompl ai nton t he gr ound t hatMar shal l Wel l s has no l egalcapaci t yt o sue,I nt he demur r er ,counsel st at edt hat" Thesai dcompl ai ntdoesnotshow t hatt hepl ai nt i ff hascompl i edwi t ht he l awsoft hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsi nt hatwhi chi srequi r edoff orei gn corporati onsdesi ri ng t odobusi nessi nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands,nei t herdoesi tshow t hati twasaut hori zedt o dobusi nessi nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands. " Lower Court Rul i ng: The l ower cour t sust ai ned t he demur r er of El ser & Co. , di smi ssi ngt hecompl ai nt . I SSUE: 1.Whet herornotMars hal l Wel l s,bei ngaf or ei gn cor por at i on notdoi ngbusi ness i nt hePhi l i ppi nes,hasl egalcapaci t yt osue.–YES. RATI O A : sagener alr ul e,cor por at i onshavenol egalst at usbeyondt heboundsoft he sover ei gnt y by whi ch t hey are cr eat ed.A st at e may r est ri ctt he r i ghtofa f or ei gn corporat i on t oengage i n busi nesswi t hi ni t sl i mi t s,and t osuei ni t scourt s.Butby vi r t ueofst at ecomi t y ,acor por at i oncr eat edbyt hel awsofonest at ei susual l yal l owed f um. t ot r ansactbusi nessesi not hers t at esandt osuei nt hecourt soft h eor Def endanti sol at esa port i on ofonesent enceofSect i on 69 oft heCorpor at i on Law andaskst hecour tt ogi vei tal i t er almeani ng.Counselwoul dhavet hel aw r ead t hus:" Nof orei gn corporat i on shal lbepermi t t ed t omai nt ai n byi t sel forassi gneeany sui tf ort herecover yofanydebt ,cl ai m,ordemandwhat ever ,unl essi tshal lhavet he l i censepr escri bed i n sect i on 68 oft hel aw. "Pl ai nt i ff,on t hecont rary ,desi r esf orthe courtt oconsi dert hepart i cul arpoi ntunderdi scussi on wi t hr ef er encet oal lt hel aw, andt her eaf t ert ogi vet hel aw acommonsensei nt erpret at i on. Theobj ectoft hest at ut ewast osubj ectt hef or ei gn cor por at i on doi ngbusi ness i nt hePhi l i ppi nestot hej uri sdi ct i on ofi t scourt s.Theobj ectoft hest at ut ewasnott o pr eventt he f orei gn corporat i on f r om perf ormi ng si ngl e act s,butt o pr eventi tf r om acqui ri ngadomi ci l ef ort hepurposeofbusi nesswi t houtt aki ngt hest epsnecessaryt o r enderi tamenabl et osui ti nt hel ocalcourt s.Thei mpl i cat i on oft hel aw i st hati twas nevert hepurposeoft heLegi sl at ur et oexcl udeaf orei gncorporat i onwhi chhappenst o obt ai n an i sol at ed orderf orbusi nessf r om t hePhi l i ppi nes,f r om securi ngr edr essi n
t hePhi l i ppi necourt s,and t hus,i n effect ,t opermi tpersonst oavoi dt hei rcont r act s made wi t h such f or ei gn cor por at i ons.The effectoft he st at ut e pr ev ent i ng f or ei gn corporat i onsf r om doi ngbusi nessandf r om bri ngi ngact i onsi nt hel ocalcourt s,except on compl i ance wi t h el abor at er equi r ement s, mus t not be undul y ext ended or i mpr oper l yappl i ed.I tshoul dnotbeconst r uedt oext endbey ondt hepl ai n meani ngof i t st erms,consi deredi nconnect i on wi t hi t sobj ect ,andi nconnect i on wi t ht hespi ri tof t heent i r el aw. Conf r ont ed wi t h t he opt i on of gi vi ng t o t he Cor por at i on Law a har sh i nt er pr et at i on,whi ch woul d di sast r ousl y embarr ass t r ade,orofgi vi ng t ot he l aw a r easonabl ei nt er pr et at i on,whi ch woul d mar kedl y hel pi nt he dev el opmentoft r ade; conf r ont ed wi t ht he opt i on ofbarr i ng f r om t he court sf or ei gn l i t i gant s wi t h good causesofact i on orofassumi ngj uri sdi ct i on oft hei rcases;conf r ont edwi t ht heopt i on ofconst r ui ngt hel aw t omean t hatanycor por at i on i nt heUni t edSt at es,whi chmi ght wantt osel lt oaper soni nt hePhi l i ppi nemustsendsomer epr esent at i vet ot heI sl ands bef or et hesal e,andgot hr ought hecompl i cat edf or mul aepr ovi dedbyt heCor por at i on Law wi t hr egardt ot heobt ai ni ngoft hel i cense,bef or et hesal ewasmade,i n or dert o avoi d bei ngswi ndl edbyPhi l i ppi neci t i zens,orofconst rui ngt hel aw t omean t hatno f ore i gn corpor at i on doi ngbusi nessi nt hePhi l i ppi nescan mai nt ai n anysui tunt i li t shal lposse sst he nece ssaryl i cense,— conf r ont ed wi t ht heseopt i ons,can anyone doubtwhatourdeci si on wi l lbe?Thel aw si mpl ymeanst hatno f or ei gn cor por at i on shal lbepermi t t ed " t ot r ansactbusi nessi nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands, "ast hi sphr ase i s knowni ncorporati on l aw,unl essi tshal lhavet hel i censerequi r edbyl aw,and,unt i li t compl i eswi t ht hel aw,shal lnotbepermi t t edt omai nt ai n anysui ti nt hel ocalcourt s. A cont r ar y hol di ng woul d br i ng t hel aw t ot hever geofunconst i t ut i onal i t y ,a r esul t whi chshoul dbeandcanbeeasi l yavoi ded.
BEHN,MEYER & CO.v.STANLEY G. R.No.L22537December8,1924 Do c t r i ne :Phi l i ppi ne c o ur t s hav e no j ur i s di c t i o no v e r pr o pe r t i e ss e i z e db yt he Al i e n Pr oper t yCust odi an,whodec l ar ed suchownerofpr oper t i esasanenemyoft heUni t ed St at esundert heTr adi ngwi t ht heEnemyAct .
FACTS:I n Febr uary1918,dur i ngt hewarwi t h Ger many ,al lt hebusi ness ,pr oper t y , andasset si feve rynat ur eofaBehn,Meyer& Co.( BMC) ,af ore i gn corpor at i on wi t ha br anch i nt hePhi l i ppi nes,wer et aken overbyt heAl i en Pr oper t yCust odi an undert he pr ovi si onsoft heTradi ngwi t ht heEnemyActandar ece i ve rappoi nt edandpl acedi n f ul lchargeoft hebusi nessandasset soft hefir m. I n February1919,t heAl i enProper t yCust odi an decl ar edBMC t obean enemy nothol di ngal i censegr ant ed by t hePr esi dentoft heUni t ed St at esand att hesame t i memadedemandupon t her ecei vert oconvey ,t r ansf er ,assi gn,del i verandpayover t ot heCust odi an al lt hepr oper t yandasset soft hefirm,aswel last henetpr oceedsof t hesal eandl i qui dat i onofi t sbusi ness. I n 1922,i naci vi lcaseagai nstBMC,t heCFIofMani l ar ender edaj udgmenti n f avor of Jur ei di ni & Br os. by decl ari ng i tt o be t he r i ght f ul owner of cer t ai n mer chandi sebyvi rt ueofasal eor der edbyt heBri t i sh Admi r al t yCourtofAl exandri a, Egypti n a pr i zecour tpr oceedi ngs.Upon pet i t i on ofJur ei di ni& Br os.as j udgment cr edi t orofBMC,t heCFIor der ed t heappoi nt mentofa r ece i verofBMC’ s pr oper t y , asset sandest at e. LowerCour tRul i ng: I SSUE: 1.Whet herornotPhi l i ppi necourt shavej ur i sdi ct i on t oappoi ntar ecei veroft he pr oper t y ,asset sand est at eofa corpor at i on whi ch was decl ared by t heAl i en Proper t yCust odi anasanenemy .–NO. RATI O :Accor di ng t o Sect i on 9 oft he Tr adi ng wi t h Enemy Act ,“ Exceptas her ei n pr ovi ded,t hemoneyorot herpr opert y conveyed,t r ansf err ed,assi gned,del i ver ed,or pai d t ot he Al i en Proper t y Cust odi an shal l not be l i abl et ol i en, at t achment , e c tt oany o r de rt ode c r e eo fany garni shment ,t rust ee,pr ocess,orexecut i on,orsubj c o ur t .
Si ncet hefirm wasdecl ar edanenemynothol di ngl i cense,i tbecamet hedut yof t he Al i en Pr oper t y Cust odi an t ot ake possessi on ofi t s busi ness and al li t s asset s wi t hi nUni t edSt at est er r i t ory .I tmustbepr esume dt hatt hi sdut ywasf ul l yper f or me d andt hatt heasset sar enow ei t heract ual l yorconst ruct i vel yi nt hepossessi on oft he Al i enPr oper t yCust odi anandunderhi scont r olandt hus,beyondt hej ur i sdi ct i onand cont r oloft he Phi l i ppi ne court s.The onl yj uri sdi ct i on gi ven t ot he cour t s oft he Phi l i ppi nesi si nr egar dt ocr i mi naloffensesundert heAct ,aspr ovi ded i n Sect i on 18
t her eof . Havi ng sai dt hat ,t he appoi nt ment of t he r ece i ve r was i n exc ess of t he j ur i sdi ct i onoft hePhi l i ppi necour t s.
1 I NGENOHLv .WALTER E.OLSEN AND CO. ,I NC. G. R.No.L22288January12,1925
Doct r i ne:Asa gener alr ul e,upon t hegr ound ofcomi t y and t hel aw oft henat i ons,a j udgmentr ender ed by a c our tofc ompe t entj ur i sdi c t i on ofonef or ei gn c ount r y wi l lbe r e c o gni z e dande nf o r c e di nanyo t he rc o unt r yi nt heabs e nc eo fat r e at yo rs t at ut e .
FACTS:I ngenohlfil ed a sui tagai nstt he def endant ,a cor por at i on dul y or gani ze d, exi st i ng and doi ng busi nessundert he l aws oft he Phi l i ppi nes,bef or et heSupr eme Cour tofHongkongf ori nf r i ngementoft r ademar k.Si nceI ngenohlandhi scompanyare al i en enemi esasdecl ared by t heAl i en Pr oper t yCust odi an,i t spr oper t i esand ot her asset s,i ncl udi ngt het r ademar ks,wer esei ze dandsol dt oOl senandCo.TheSupr eme Cour tofHongKong,whi ch wast hen acol onyofGr eatBr i t ai n,an al l yoft heUni t ed St at es,ofbei ng a courtofcompet entj uri sdi ct i on and havi ng j uri sdi ct i on overbot h part i es,r ender ed a finalj udgmenti nf avorofI ngenohland r ef used t or ecogni zet he sal e ofsai dt r ademar ks done by t he Al i en Proper t y Cust odi an t o Ol se n and Co. Def endantcor por at i onr ef use dt opayI nge nholHKD26, 244. 23,t heamountawar dedt o t he l at t eri nt he Hong Kong j udgment .Ther ef or e,I ngenohlfil ed a compl ai nti nt he CourtofFi r stI nst anceofMani l a,s eeki ngt or ecovert hecost sadj udged agai nstt he cor por at i onbyt heHongkongcour t . LowerCour tRul i ng : hel T owercour tr ender ed j udgme nti nf av orofI ngenohlf ort he amountofhi scl ai m,wi t hi nt er estof6% p. a. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornott hej udgmentoft heHongkongSupremeCour t ,bei ngaf or ei gn j udgme nt ,maybeenf or cedi nt hePhi l i ppi nes.–NO.
RATI O:I ti swel lset t l ed,upon t hegr ound ofcomi t yand t hel aw ofnat i ons,t hati n t he absence of t r eat y or st at ut e,a j udgment render ed by a court ofcompet ent j ur i sdi ct i on ofonef or ei gn count r yi n whi ch t hepar t i esappear ed and cont est ed t he caseon i t smer i t s,wi l lber ecogni zedand enf or ced i n anyot herf or ei gn count ry .But her e wehav ea st at ut e whi ch cl ear l y definest hespec i fic condi t i onsupon whi ch a f ore i gn j udgmentcan beenf orc edi nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands,andwehaveadeci si on of t heUni t ed St at esSupre me Cour twhi ch hol ds t hat" wher et her ei s no wr i t t en l aw upon t hesubj ect ,such as t r eat yorst at ut e,quest i onsofi nt er nat i onall aw mustbe det er mi ned by j udi ci aldeci si ons,t he wor ks ofj ur i st s,and t he act s and usages of ci vi l i zednat i ons. "Theconver seoft hatpr oposi t i on i sal sotr uet hatwhereyou dohave at r eat yors t at ut e,t oenf or ceaf or ei gn j udgment ,i tmustcomeunderandwi t hi nt he speci ficpr ovi si onsoft het reatyorst at ut e. 1
$e r3lin> o+ te &ilippine S3preme /o3rt in ti# a#e ;a# re"er#e* b te U.S. S3preme /o3rt in Ingenohl v. Olsen & Co. ?20 U.S. 541@.
Sect i on 311 oft heCodeofCi vi lPr ocedur epr ovi des:“xxxbutt hej udgment may be r epel l ed by evi dence ofa wantofj ur i sdi ct i on,wantofnot i ce t ot he part y , col l usi on,f r aud,orcl earmi st akeofl aw orf act ” .Undersuch ast at ut e,wher ea part y see kst oenf or cea f or ei gn j udgment ,t hedef endanthasa l egalr i ghtt omakeanyof such def enses ,and i fany oft hem i s shown t o pr oper l y exi st ,i twi l ldef eatt he j udgme nt . Upon t he r ec or ds bef or et he Phi l i ppi ne Supreme Cour t ,i ti sf ound and det er mi ned t hatt he r endi t i on oft he j udgmenti nt he Hongkong cour tagai nstt he def endantwasa cl earmi st ake ofbot hl aw and f act ,and such f orsuch a r eason,i t oughtnott o be enf or ce di nt he Phi l i ppi nes .The supposed mi st ake consi s t ed i n denyi ngeffec ti n Hongkongt ot hesal et oOl se n andCo.ofbusi nes sand t r ademar ks sei zed by t heAl i en Pr oper t y Cust odi an.Si ncet heUni t ed St at esi san al l y ofGr eat Bri t ai n,ofwhosej udi ci aryt heHongkongcourti sa br anch,i ti scont ended t hatt he Hongkong cour t shoul d hav er ec ogni z ed and enf or ce dt he aut hor i t y oft he Al i en Pr oper t yCust odi an and t hesal eofI ngenohl ’ sbusi nesst r ademarki tt r ansact ed wi t h Ol sen and Co. Thus,t hej udgmentwhi ch i sher esoughtt obeenf or cedi scl ear l ya mi st ake ofbot hl aw and f act ,and was r ender ed i n di r ectconfli ctwi t ht hatcomi t y bet weennat i ons,whi chshoul dexi stamongt hosewhi chwer eal l i esi nt hewor l dwar .
TAN BOC v.I NSULAR COLLECTOR OFCUSTOMS G. R.No.L23154Mar ch23,1925 Do c t r i ne :The de t e r mi nat i o no ft he r i g hto fan al i e nt oe nt e rt he Phi l i ppi ne s mus tbe s o l v e d ac c o r di ngt ot hef ac t so c c ur r i ngo nt hedat eo fh i sar r i v ali nt hec o unt r y ,a nd i f unde rs ai df ac t s ,hei sent i t l e dt oe nt e randr e si dei nt hePhi l i ppi ne s,s uc hr i g htc anno t bei mpai r e dbyanyf ac tt aki ngpl ac eaf t e ri t sar r i v al .
FACTS: Tan Boc ar r i v ed att he por tofMani l a on Jul y 17,1922 and appl i ed f or per mi ssi on t o ent erand r esi dei nt hePhi l i ppi nesasa mi norchi l d ofTangTi eng,a Chi nesemer chantr esi di ngi nMani l a.OnaccountTan Boc’ ssi cknessf ort heper i odof si x mont hs si nce hi s ar r i val ,t he i nve st i gat i on was not car r i ed out f or t he det er mi nat i on oft hequest i on whet herornothehad t heri ghtt oent erandr emai ni n t he Phi l i ppi nes , unt i l August 20, 1924, mor et han t wo ye ar s af t er hi s ar r i val . Accor di ngt ot heevi dencei nt r oducedbyTanBocatt hei nves t i gat i on,hi sf at herbyt he nameofTangTi engret ur nedt oChi naon August8,1923,andt her edi edon June5, 1924.The f at heroft he appl i cantwas a Chi nes e mer chantr es i dentoft he Ci t y of Mani l awhenhi ssonTanBocar r i ved,whowast henami nor . TheBur eau ofCust omst hen r esol ved t hatt heappl i canthad nor i ghtt oent er ort or emai ni nt hePhi l i ppi nes,nothavi ngpr ove nt hathewasami norchi l d ofTang Ti eng,andt hus,hemustbedepor t edt ot hepor tofor i gi n.Thedeci si onwasappeal ed t ot heI nsul arCol l ec t orofCust oms,whoaffir medt hesame. I n1924,Tan Bocfil edapet i t i on i nt heCFIofMani l a,pr ayi ngt hei ssuanceofa or pus. wr i tofhabeasc LowerCour tRul i ng : hel T owercour thel dt hati twasnotpr ov en t hatt heboar dhad commi t t edan abuseofdi scr et i on i nt heexerci seofi t spower s,t hus,denyi ngt herel i ef prayedf or . I SSUE: 1.Whet herornotTanBochadt her i ghtt oent erandre mai ni nt hePhi l i ppi nes. RATI O T : heobj ectoft hel aw i ngr ant i ngami norchi l dofar esi dentChi neseme r chant t he pri vi l ege t o ent ert hePhi l i ppi nes i st o gi vesai d mi norchi l dt he opport uni t yt o Lo Po vs.McCoy,8 Phi l . ,343) enj oyt hecompany and pr ot ect i on ofhi sf at her( ,and accor di ng t ot he j ur i sprudence of t hi s cour t ,t he mi nor chi l dr en of a r es i dent Chi naman,who havi ng l ef tt he Phi l i ppi nesdi ed i n Chi na,sai d chi l dr en nothavi ng r esi ded i nt heseI sl ands,cannotent ert hePhi l i ppi nesaf t ert hedeat h oft hei rf at her . Le eJ uav s .Co l l e c t o ro fCus t o ms ,32Phi l . ,24. ( ) Buti nt hei nst antcaset hef at heroft heappl i cantwas a Chi nes emer chant r esi dentoft heCi t yofMani l awhen hearr i vedami nor .Accordi ngt othedoct ri nel ai d down i nt hecaseofLoPovs.McCoy ,supra,t heappl i canthast heri ghtt oent ert he Phi l i ppi nes.Hi sri ghtmustbedet ermi nedasatt het i meofhi sarri vali nt heseI sl ands.
Thef actt hathi sf at herr e t ur ned t oChi nawher ehedi ed oneyearaf t ert hear r i valof hi schi l d,does notaffectt hequest i on.I fundert heci r cumst ancesoft hi scase t he appl i cantmay be depri ve d ofhi sr i ghtbecauset he boar d ofspeci ali nqui ryoft he cust omhousedi dnotmaket hei nves t i gat i on oft heappl i cat i on butt woyear saf t erhi s arr i val ,anot heri mmi gr ant20year sol d,achi l dofaChi nesemer chantandr esi dentof t hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands,mi ghtl i kewi sebedepri vedoft heri ghtt oent erandr emai nher e t hr ough a di l at ory pr oceedi ng oft he board i n char ge oft he i nves t i gat i on ofhi s appl i cat i on.Thi swoul dbehi ghl yunj ust .I nt hei nst antcase,t hef actoft heboar dof speci ali nqui ryhavi ngdel ayed t hei nvest i gat i on upt ot woyearsaf t ert hearr i valoft he appl i cant ,andt hedeni aloft heappl i cat i on based on f act swhi ch t ook pl aceoneyear af t ert hearri valoft heappl i cantconst i t ut ean abuseofdi scr et i on on t hepartoft he boar d ofspeci ali nqui r yoft hecust omhousei nt hede t er mi nat i on oft her i ghtoft he appel l ant .
ROBI NSON,FLEMI NG AND CO.v.CRUZandTANCHONG SAY G. R.No.L24904Mar ch25,1926 Do c t r i ne :I nt hev e r ynat ur eo ft hi ng s ,an ag e ntc a nno ts e l lhe mpi na f o r e i g nc o unt r y wi t ho utmaki ngso meki ndo fac o nt r ac t ,andi fhehadpo we rt os el l ,i two ul dc a r r ywi t h i tt heaut ho r i t yt omak eande nt e ri nt ot heus ualandc us t o mar yc o nt r ac tf o ri t ssal e .T he c o nt r ac ti sv al i dandbi ndi ngupo nt hede f e ndant ,andt hatMar c h ant ,ast heag e nto ft he de f e ndant ,no to nl yhadt heaut ho r i t yt omak eande nt e ri nt oi tf o ra ndo nbe hal fo ft he de f e ndant ,butasamat t e ro ff ac tt hatc o nt r ac twasl e g al l yr at i fie dandappr o v e db yt he subsequentact sandconductoft hedef endant .
FACTS:Pl ai nt i ffi s a part ner shi p or gani ze d and exi st i ng undert he l aws ofGr eat Bri t ai n,wi t h ar esi dentat t orneyi nf acti nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands.Thedef endanti sa domest i cpart ner shi pdoi ngbusi nessi nt heCi t yofMani l a,andi ti sal l eged t hati ti s r epr esent edi nLondon,Engl and,byadul yappoi nt edagentandat t orneyi nf act . Pl ai nt i ff cl ai ms t hatundera wr i t t en cont r actexe cut ed aboutApr i l1,1921, known i nt her ecor d asExhi bi tA,i tboughtf r om t hedef endant500 bal esofMani l a hemp.OnMay31,1921,t hedef endantshi ppedi nt wopar ce l sf r om Mani l at oLondon, f ordel i veryt opl ai nt i ff.Upon t hearr i valoft hehemp i n London,i twasf ound t hati t wasnoti nme r chant abl econdi t i on,andwasnotsowheni twasshi ppedf r om Mani l a. Ther ef or e,ar bi t r at i on washadundert hepr ovi si onsofcl ause9oft hecont r act f ort heaccountoft hedef endant ,whi charbi t r at i on r esul t edi nanal l owancet opl ai nt i ff ofa r educt i on i nt he pr i ce,whi ch ar bi t r at i on and i t s findi ngs wer e appr ove d and accept edbythedef endant .Thataf t ert heshi pment ,def endantdi dnot ,wi t houtundue del ay ,pr ovi ded pl ai nt i ff wi t h Gover nmentgr ader s'cer t i ficat esf ort hehemp,and by r eason t her eof ,pl ai nt i ff wasobl i ged t ol i ght erand st ore250 bal esofi tpendi ngt he arr i valoft heGover nmentgr ader s'cer t i ficat esatacostofP135. 37.Thatbyr eason of such act s,t hedef endantbecamei ndebt ed t ot hepl ai nt i ffi nt hesum ofP14, 461. 20, nopartofwhi ch hasbee n pai d,ex ce ptt hesum ofP11, 687. 87,whi ch wast henet val ueof450 bal esofMani l ahemp gr adeJ.shi pped bydef endantt opl ai nt i ff dur i ng Jul y ,1921,l eavi ngabal ancet hen dueand owi ngf r om def endantt opl ai nt i ff,on i t s fir stcauseofact i on,ofP2, 539. 09,f orwhi ch demand hasbee n made and payment r ef used. LowerCour tRul i ng: Render edj udgmentf ort hedef endantt owhi cht hepl ai nt i ff dul y except edandfil edamot i onf oranew t ri al ,whi chwasoverr ul ed. I SSUE: 1.Whet heror notMes sr s.H.E.Mar chantand Fr anci s Adams,dur i ng al lt he t i mesmat er i alt ot hei ssuesi nt hi scase,had been agent soft hedef endanti n Londonf ort hepurposeofsel l i nganddi sposi ngofi t shemp?-YES
RATI O T : hi sact i oni sf oundeduponal l egedwr i t t encont r actwhi cht hepl ai nt i ff cl ai ms wasexecut edi nLondononApr i l1,1921,byandbet weeni tandt hedef endant ,act i ng byand t hr ough i t saut hor i z ed agent ,and an al l eged copyofwhi ch i si nt her ecor d, andpur port st ohav ebeenex ec ut edbyH.Mar chant ,now dece ased,whowast heni n London,and who,t hedef endantadmi t si ni t sown t es t i mony ,wasatt hatt i met he Londonagentoft hedef endanti nt hesel l i ngofi t shemp. I nt hever y nat ur eoft hi ngs,an agentc annotsel lhemp i n af or ei gn count ry wi t houtmaki ngsomeki nd ofacont r act ,and i fhehad powert osel l ,i twoul d car ry wi t hi tt heaut hor i t yt omakeandent eri nt ot heusualandcus t omar ycont r actf ori t s s a l e . Asweanal yz et heevi dence,Mar chantwast heLondon agentoft hedef endant , andi nt heordi narycour seofbusi ness ,exe cut edt hecont r actknown i nt her ecor das Exhi bi tA,andon behal foft hedef endant ,asi t sagent ,andasi t sactanddeed,and, f orsuch r eason,t hedef endant si sbound by t hecont r act .Thi si sconfir med by t he f ur t herf actt hatt hedef endantundert ook t o car r y outand perf or m t het er msand pr ovi si onsoft hecont r act ,and,byandunderi t st er ms,t oshi panddel i vert hehemp, dr ew t hedraf t ,andt ookandaccept edt hemoneyf ori t spayment . Wear ecl ear l yoft heopi ni on t hatt hecont r acti n quest i on i sval i dandbi ndi ng upon t hedef endant ,and t hatMar chant ,ast heagentoft hedef endant ,notonl yhad t heaut hori t yt omakeand ent eri nt oi tf orand on behal foft hedef endant ,butasa mat t eroff actt hatcont r actwasl egal l yr at i fiedand appr ovedby t hesubsequentact s andconductoft hedef endant .I ti sver yapparentt hatt hecont r actwasexecut edi nt he or di narycour seofbusi ness,andt hati n execut i ngi t ,Marc hantwasact i ngwi t hi nt he scopeofhi saut hori t yast heagentoft hedef endant .I twi l lal sobenot edt hatunderi t s t er msandpr ovi si ons,t hedef endantwast odel i ve rt hehempi nLondon.
AFI FE ABDO CHEYBAN GORAYEB v.NADJI B TANNUSHASHI M G. R.No.L25577Mar ch3,1927 Doct r i ne:Thecour tofa count r yi n whi c h nei t heroft he spouses i sdomi ci l ed and t o whi c honeorbot hoft hem mayr esor tmer el yf ort hepur poseofobt ai ni ngadi vor cehas noj ur i s di c t i o nt ode t e r mi net he i rmat r i mo ni als t at us ;and a di v o r c eg r ant e db ys uc ha c o ur ti sno te nt i t l e dt or e c ogni t i o ne l s ewhe r e .
FACTS: Afif e Abdo Cheyban Gor ayeb has obt ai ned a j udgme nt r equi r i ng t he def endant( whoi sal soherhusband)Nadj i b TannusHashi m,t opayt oheramont hl y st i pendbywayofsupport .Theywer emarr i edi nSyr i a.Vi gor ouseffort swer emadeby t hedef endantt opr ocur et heabr ogat i on oft hi sor dernotonl yi nt hecourtofori gi nbut er t i or ar i i nt hi s courtby wri tofc ,butt hes e effor t s was unsucc es sf ul .Upon final l y hear i ngt hecauseuponi t smer i t s,t hepl ai nt i ffwasawar dedaper manental i mony . Whi l et hequest i on oft hedef endant ' sci vi ll i abi l i t yf ort hesuppor tcl ai me d by t he pl ai nt i ff was st i l lundet er mi ned,t he def endantsoughtr ef uge i nt he St at e of Nevada and adecr eeofdi vor cef r om t hepl ai nt i ff wasobt ai ned.Het hen r et ur ned t o t hePhi l i ppi nesandusedt hedecr eeofdi vor ceobt ai nedf r om Nevadaasadef ensei na cont emptcasefil ed by t hepl ai nt i ff agai nsthi mf orf ai l i ngt o payt hepensi on whi ch wasawar dedt oherbyt hecour t . Lower Court Rul i ng: Def endant i s ci vi l l yl i abl ef or t he pensi on cl ai med by t he pl ai nt i ff. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornott hej udgmentoft hecour ti nt heSt at eofNev adadecr ee i ngt he di vor cemaybeenf orcedi nt hePhi l i ppi nes. -NO RATI O:I r ezv s.Gmur nRami ( 42 Phi l . ,855) ,t hi scourthel d,i n conf ormi t y wi t ht he r ul edecl ar edbyt heSupr emeCour toft heUni t edSt at es,t hatt hecour tofacount ry i n whi ch nei t heroft hespouse si sdomi ci l ed and t owhi ch oneorbot h oft hem may r esortmer el yf ort hepurposeofobt ai ni nga di vor cehasnoj uri sdi ct i on t odet ermi ne t hei rmat r i moni alst at us;and a di vor ce gr ant ed by such a cour ti snotent i t l ed t o r ec ogni t i on el se wher e.The vol unt ary appearance oft he def endantbef or e such a t ri bunaldoesnoti nvestt hecourtwi t hj uri sdi ct i on.I nt hesamecaset hi scourtwent on t osay:" I tf ol l owsthat ,t ogi vea courtj uri sdi ct i on on t hegr ound oft hepl ai nt i ff' s bona r esi dencei nt heSt at eorcount ryoft hej udi ci alf orum,hi sr esi dencemustbe fide.I fa spouse l eavest he f ami l y domi ci l e and goes t o anot herSt at ef ort he sol e purposeofobt ai ni ngadi vor ce,andwi t hnoi nt ent i on ofr emai ni ng,hi sr esi dencet her e i snotsuffici entt o conf erj uri sdi ct i on on t hecourt soft hatSt at e.Thi si sespeci al l y t r uewher et hecauseofdi vor cei sonenotr ecogni ze d byt hel awsoft heSt at eofhi s owndomi ci l e.( 14Cyc. ,817,818) .
I nt heappl i cat i on oft herul eabovest at edt heci r cumst ancethatt hepart i est o t hepr esentact i on cont r act ed marr i agei n Syri a,i nst ead oft hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands,i s notmat eri alt ot hecase.Thef actt hatt heycont r act edmarri agel awf ul l y ,wher evert he actmayhavebeenaccompl i shed,cr eat edt hes t at usofmarr i edper sonsbet weent hem; andt heques t i onwi t hwhi chweareher econcer nedi snotast ot hemarr i age,butast o t hedi vor ceconcededt ot hedef endanti nt heSt at eofNevada. Sect i on 309oft heCodeoft heCi vi lPr ocedur e,decl ari ngt hataj udgmentobt ai nedi n an Amer i can cour tshal lhavet hesameeffecti nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsasi nt hepl ace wher esuchj udgme ntwasobt ai ned,cont ai nsaqual i ficat i onexpr essedi nt hef ol l owi ng wor ds:" exceptt hati tcanonl ybeenf or ceher ebyanact i onorspeci alpr oceedi ng. "The pr ovi si on i n quest i on nodoubtcont empl at espri mari l yt hesi t uat i on wher eaffirmat i ve act i on hast obet aken i nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl andst ogi veeffectt ot hef orei gn j udgment as wher ethepl ai nt i ff desi r est o obt ai n execut i on upon pr oper t yi nt heseI sl andst o sat i sf yaj udgmentobt ai nedabr oad.Butadecr eeofdi vor ceoper at eson t hemarr i age st at us;andi feffect i veatal l ,i tdi ssol vest hemarri aget i e,wi t houtt henecessi t yofany affir mat i vepr oceedi ng i n any ot hercour t .Atany r at e,al lt hatwas i nt ended t o be secur edbyt hepr ovi si on r equi r i nganact i on orproceedi ngher ewast hatt hecourt sof t hi scount ryshoul d havean opport uni t yt o passj udi ci al l yupon t heefficacyoft he j udgme nt .Thi spur posei saccompl i shed aswel lwher et hef or ei gn j udgme nti sr el i ed upon i n an answerand dul ypr ove d,aswher et heori gi nalact i on i sact ual l ybr ought by t he hol deroft he j udgme nt .I tcoul d nothave been i nt ended by t he aut hor s of sect i on 309t hatt hehol deroft hef ore i gn j udgmentmustbedepri vedoft hebenefitof i t mer el y because he happens t o be def endant r at her t han pl ai nt i ffi n an act i on br oughti nourcour t s.
I N RE: JOSEPH G.BRI MO.
JUAN MI CI ANO v.ANDREBRI MO G. R.No.L22595November1,1927 Do c t r i ne : Ther e f us alt og i v et heo ppo s i t o rano t he ro ppo r t uni t yt opr o v es uc hl awsdo e s no tc o ns t i t ut e an e r r o r .I ti s di s c r e t i o nar y wi t ht he t r i al c o ur t , and, t aki ng i nt o c o ns i de r at i o nt hatt heo ppo s i t o rwasgr ant e d ampl eo ppo r t uni t yt oi nt r o duc ec o mpe t e nt e v i de nc e . Never t hel ess,l egaland t est ament ar y succ essi ons,i nr espectt ot he or der of s uc c e s s i o naswe l last ot heamo unto ft hes uc c e s s i o nalr i g ht sandt hei nt r i ns i cv al i di t y of t hei r pr ovi si ons, shal l be r egul at ed by t he nat i onal l aw of t he per son whose s uc c e s s i o ni si nq ue s t i o n,what e v e rmaybet henat ur eo ft hepr o pe r t yo rt hec o unt r yi n whi c hi tmaybesi t uat ed
FACTS: JosephBri no’ swi l lcont ai nsapr ovi si onwhi chst at es: Se c o nd.Il i k ede s i r et os t at et hatal t ho ug hb yl aw,Iam aT ur ki s hc i t i z e n, t hi s ci t i zenshi p havi ng been co nf er r ed upon meby conquestand notby f r eec hoi c e,norbynat i onal i t yand,ont heo t herhand,havi ngr esi dedf ora c o ns i de r abl el e ng t ho ft i mei nt hePhi l i ppi neI s l andswhe r eIs uc c e e de di n ac q ui r i ng al lo ft he pr o pe r t yt hatIno w po s s es s ,i ti smy wi s ht hatt he di s t r i but i o no fmypr o pe r t yande v e r y t hi ngi nc o nne c t i o nwi t ht hi s ,mywi l l , be made and di sposed ofi n acc or danc e wi t ht he l aws i nf or c ei nt he Phi l i ppi ne i s l ands ,r e q ue s t i ng al lo fmy r e l at i v e st or e s pe c tt hi s wi s h, ot her wi se,Iannuland cancelbef or ehand what everdi sposi t i on f ound i n t hi swi l lf av o r abl et ot hepe r s o no rpe r s o nswhof ai lt oc o mpl y wi t ht hi s r e que s t .
The j udi ci aladmi ni st r at or oft hi s est at e fil ed a scheme ofpar t i t i on.Andr e Bri mo,oneoft hebr ot her soft hedeceased,opposed i t .Theappel l ant ' sopposi t i on i s based on t he f actt hatt he par t i t i on i n quest i on put si nt o effectt he pr ovi si ons of Joseph G.Br i mo' s wi l lwhi ch ar e noti n accor dance wi t ht he l aws ofhi s Tur ki sh nat i onal i t y,f orwhi chr easont heyarevoi dasbei ngi nvi ol at i onorart i cl e10oft heCi vi l Code. LowerCour tRul i ng : ppr A ovedt hepar t i t i on. I SSUE: 1. Whet herornott he Cour twas i n er r ori n notgi vi ng t he opposi t oranot her opport uni t yt opr esentt heTur ki shLaws. -NO 2. Whet herornott hecondi t i on t hatt hei nst i t ut ed l egat eesmustr espectt he t est at or' swi l lt odi st ri but ehi spropert y,noti n accordancewi t ht hel awsofhi s nat i onal i t y,buti naccor dancewi t ht hel awsoft hePhi l i ppi nesi sval i d?-NO
RATI O: But t he f act i st hat t he opposi t or di d not prov et hat sai dt es t i ment ary di sposi t i onsar e noti n accor dancewi t ht he Tur ki sh l aws,i nasmuch as he di d not pre se ntanyevi denceshowi ngwhatt heTur ki sh l awsar eon t hemat t er ,and i nt he abse nceofev i denceon suchl aws,t heyar epr es umedt obet hesameast hoseoft he Phi l i ppi nes.( Li m andLi m vs.Col l ect orofCust oms,36Phi l . ,472. ) Ther ef usalt ogi vet heopposi t oranot heropport uni t yt opr ovesuch l awsdoes notconst i t ut e an err or .I ti s di scr et i onary wi t ht he t ri alcourt ,and,t aki ng i nt o consi der at i on t hat t he opposi t or was gr ant ed ampl e oppor t uni t yt o i nt r oduce compet entevi dence,wefind no abuseofdi scr et i on on t hepartoft hecour ti nt hi s part i cul ar .Ther ei s,t her ef ore,noevi dencei nt herecord t hatt henat i onall aw oft he t est at orJoseph G.Bri mo was vi ol at ed i nt het est ament ary di sposi t i onsi n quest i on whi ch,notbei ngcont r ar yt oourl awsi nf or ce,mustbecompl i edwi t handexecut ed. Thesai dcondi t i oni sv oi d,bei ngcont r ar yt ol aw,f orar t i cl e792oft heci vi lCode pr ovi des “ I mpossi bl e condi t i ons and t hose cont r ary t ol aw orgood mor al s shal lbe consi der edasnoti mposedand shal lnotpr ej udi cet hehei rorl egat eei n anymanner what soever ,ev enshoul dt het es t at orot her wi sepr ovi de. ” Andsai dcondi t i on i scont r ar yt ol aw becausei texpr essl yi gnor est het est at or ' s nat i onal l aw when, accor di ng t o art i cl e 10 of t he Ci vi l Code whi ch st at es t hat “ Nev er t hel es s, l eg al and t es t ament ary succ es si ons, i n r es pect t ot he or der of succe ssi on as wel las t ot he amountoft he succe ssi onalr i ght s and t he i nt r i nsi c val i di t yoft hei rpr ovi si ons,shal lber egul at edbyt henat i onall aw oft heper son whose successi on i si n quest i on,what evermaybet henat ur eoft hepr oper t yort hecount ry i nwhi chi tmaybesi t uat ed” ,suchnat i onall aw oft het est at ori st heonet ogovernhi s t est ament arydi sposi t i ons.
PEOPLEOFTHE PHI LI PPI NES v T . AN G. R.No.L27637November17,1927 Doct r i ne: “ Laws or t he cr eat i on, r egul at i on, and mai nt enance of t he Ar my, not s pe c i fic al l yl i mi t e dt oc e r t ai n di s t r i c t s ,ar eo fnat i o nwi deappl i c at i o n and e xt e nd t oal l t e r r i t o r y unde rt he j ur i s di c t i o no ft he Uni t e d St at e s .Subs e q ue ntl aws o fCo ng r e s s o r g ani z i ngt e r r i t o r i algo v er nme nt sdono tr e pe als uc hl awsbyi mpl i c at i o n. ”
FACTS: Car l osS.Tanwasconvi ct edofavi ol at i on ofsect i on 2oft heActoft heUni t ed St at esCongr essofJul y16,1918,andsent enci nghi mt oafineofP10,wi t hsubsi di ary i mpri sonmenti ncaseofi nsol vency ,andt opayt hecost soft hi sact i on. Appel l antquest i onst heappl i cabi l i t yoft heActofCongr essofJul y16,1918, whi chi s“ AN ACTTO PENSI ON WI DOWSAND MI NOR CHI LDREN OFOFFI CERS AND ENLI STED MEN WHO SERVED I N THE WAR WI TH SPAI N, PHI LI PPI NE I NSURRECTI ON,OR I N CHI NA, ”t ot hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands i n vi ew oft hepr ovi si on of sec t i on5oft heActofCongr essofAugust29,1916,knownast heJonesLaw. LowerCour tRul i ng:Convi ct edt hedef endant . I SSUE: 1.Whet herornott heActoft heUni t edSt at esCongr es sofJul y16,1918 shoul d appl yi nt hePhi l i ppi nes?-YES RATI O :Thepensi on gr ant ed by t he above quot ed enact me nti si n consi der at i on of ser vi cesr ender edbyofficer sand sol di er soft heUni t edSt at esAr myand Navyi nt he warwi t hSpai n,i nt hePhi l i ppi nei nsur r ect i on,ori nChi na.Suchser vi cesar et her ef or e mi l i t aryi n charact er .Thi sbei ngso,t hepensi on grant ed i n consi der at i on ofmi l i t ary s er v i c ei sl i ke wi s emi l i t ar y . Whi l et hepr i meobj ectoft hePensi on Acti n quest i on i st hepr ot ect i on oft he wi dowsandmi norchi l dr en oft heofficer sandsol di er soft heUni t edSt at esAr myand Navywhoservedact i vel yduri ngt hewarwi t hSpai n,i nt hePhi l i ppi nei nsurr ect i on,or i n Chi na,sai d enact mental sot ends t omai nt ai n and pre se r vesai d Ar myand Navy , and i tmay pr oper l y besai dt hati ti san Actf ort hemai nt enanceoft hesemi l i t ary i ns t i t ut i ons . I nt hecaseofTan Tevs.Frankl i nBel l( 27Phi l . ,354) ,t hef ol l owi ngdoct ri newas l ai d down “ Laws or t he cr eat i on, r egul at i on, and mai nt enance of t he Ar my , not speci fical l yl i mi t edt ocert ai n di st ri ct s,ar eofnat i onwi deappl i cat i onandext endt oal l t err i t ory undert he j ur i sdi ct i on oft he Uni t ed St at es.Subsequentl aws ofCongr ess organi zi ngt erri t ori algovernment sdonotr epealsuchl awsbyi mpl i cat i on. ” Thi sdoct r i nei sappl i cabl et ot hepr esentcasesi nce,aswesai d,t hei ndi r ect obj ectoft hel aw i nquest i oni st hemai nt enanceoft heAr myandNavy . Whi l ei ti st r uet hi sPensi on Actwaspr omul gat edsubsequentt ot heJonesLaw, yeti t scapt i on,t i t l e,and fir s tsect i on whi ch speaksofwi dowsand mi norchi l dr en of
office r s and sol di er s who se r v ed dur i ng t he war wi t h Spai n, i nt he Phi l i ppi ne i nsur r ect i on,ori n Chi na,r ef er st o Amer i cans as wel las t o Fi l i pi nos and i s an adequat eexpr essi on oft heappl i cabi l i t yofsai dl aw t ot heseI sl ands.
WE WESTERN EQUI PMENT AND SUPPLY COMPANY,etal .v.FI DELA.REYES,etal . G. R.No.L27897De December2,1927 Do c t r i ne :Thati t sr i ght st ot heus eo fi t sc o r p or at eandt r adename :I sapr o pe r t yr i ght ,a r i g hti nr e m, m,whi c hmayas s e r tandpr o t e c tag ai ns tal lt hewo r l d,i nanyo ft hec o ur t so f t hewor l d — eveni nj ur i sdi ct i onswh wher ei tdoesnott r ansactbusi ness— j ustt hesame asi tmaypr o t e c ti t st angi bl epr o pe r t y,r e alo rpe r s o nal ,ag ai ns tt r e spas s,o rc o nv er s i o n.
FACTS: We West er nEqui pme ntandSuppl yCompany( her ei naf t erWest er nEqui pme nt )i s af orei gncorporat i on,organi zedundert hel aws wsoft heSt at eofNevada,Uni t edSt at esof Ame r i ca;t hatt he West er n El ect r i c Company ,I nc. , ( her ei naf t er West er n El ect r i c)i s l i kewi wi se a f or ei gn cor por at i on or gani ze d undert he l aws oft he St at e ofNew Yor k, Uni t edSt at esofAmer i ca. On or about Ma May 4, 1925, West er n Equi pme ment was gr ant ed by def endant Di r ect oroft heBur eau ofComm mmer ceand I ndust ryal i censet oengagei n busi nessi n t hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands.West ernEl ect ri c,hasneverbeen l i censedt oengagei nbusi ness i nt he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands,and has nev er engaged i n busi ness t her ei n. Af t er t he i ssuanceoft hesai dpr ovi si onall i cense,t hepl ai nt i ff engaged i ni mport i ngandsel l i ng i n t he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands el ec t r i cal and t el ephone appar at us and suppl i es manuf act ur edbyt hepl ai nt i ffWest ernEl ect ri c.Thewords` West ernEl ect ri c'havebeen r egi st er edbyt hepl ai nt i ff,El ect ri cComp mpany ,I nc. ,asat r ademarki nt heoffic ffi ceoft he Comm mmi ssi oneroft hePat ent satWashi ngt on,Di st r i ctofCol umbi a. On Oct ober15,1926,t hedef endant ssi gnedand fil edart i cl esofi ncorpor at i on wi t ht he def endant ,Fi delA.Reyes,as Di r ect or oft he Bur eau ofComme mmer ce and I ndust ry ,wi t ht hei nt ent i on oforgani zi nga dome mest i ccorpor at i on undert hePhi l i ppi ne Cor porat i on Law t o be known as t he " Wes t er n El ec t r i c Comp mpany ,I nc. , "f or t he purpose,amo mongot hert hi ngsorma manuf act ur i ng,buyi ng,sel l i nganddeal i nggener al l y i n el ect r i cal and t el ephone apparat us and suppl i es.Sai d def endant s si gned sai d art i cl esofi ncorpor at i on f ort hei ncorpor at i on ofadome mest i ccomp mpanyt obeknownand t he " West er n El ect r i c Comp mpany ,I nc. , "wi t hf ul lknowl edge oft he exi st ence oft he pl ai nt i ff West er n El ect r i c Comp mpany ,I nc. ,ofi t s corpor at e name me,ofi t st r ademark, " West ern El ect ri c, "and oft hef actt hatt hemanuf act ur esofsai d pl ai nt i ff beari ngi t s t r ademarkorcorpor at ename mearei n gener alusei nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsandi nt he Uni t edSt at es. OnOct ober18,1926,t hePhi l i ppi neTel ephoneandTel egr aphCo. ,byi t sgener al manager ,t hepl ai nt i ff W.Z.Smi t h.l odgedapr ot estwi t ht hedef endantDi r ect oroft he r egi st r at i on oft hepr oposedcorporat i on byt hedef endant st obeknownast heWe West er n El ect ri cComp mpany ,I nc. ,as a dome mest i ccorporat i on undert hePhi l i ppi neCorpor at i on Law. Lowe werCour tRul i ng: Judgme mentf ort hepl ai nt i ffsaspr ayedf ori nt hei rc omp mpl ai nt ,and madet het emp mpor aryi nj unct i onperma manent .
I SSUE: 1.Doesa f or ei gn cor porat i on,whi ch has nev erdone busi nes si nt hePhi l i ppi ne I sl ands,and whi ch i sunl i censed and unr egi st er ed t her ei n,haveanyri ghtt o mai nt ai n an act i on t or es t r ai nr esi dent s and i nhabi t ant s oft he Phi l i ppi ne I sl andsf r om or gani zi nga cor por at i on t her ei n beari ngt hesame mename meassuch f orei gncorporat i on?–YES RATI O:Thatcomp mpany i s nother e see ki ng t o enf or ce any l egalorcont r actr i ght s ari si ngf r om, m,orgr owi wi ngoutof ,anybusi nesswh whi chi thast r ansact edi nt hePhi l i ppi ne I sl ands.The sol e purpose oft he act i on:" I st o pr ot ecti t sr eput at i on,i t s corporat e name me, i t s goodwi wi l l , wheneve rt hat re put at i on, cor por at e name me or goodwi wi l l hav e, t hr ought henat ur aldevel opmentofi t st r ade,est abl i shedt hems msel ves. " Andi tcont endst hati t sr i ght st ot heuseofi t scor por at eandt r adename :I sa nr em,whi propert yri ght ,ari ghti ch mayassertand pr ot ectagai nstal lt hewo worl d,i n any oft he cour t s oft he wor l d — ev en i nj ur i sdi ct i ons wher ei tdoes nott r ansact busi ness — j us tt hesameasi tma y pr ot ecti t st angi bl e pr oper t y ,r ealorper sonal , agai nstt r espass,orconver si on.Ci t i ngsec.10,Ni mson Unf ai rComp mpet i t i on andTradeMar ksandcasesci t ed;se cs .2122,Hopki nsonTr adeMar ks,Tr adeName mesandUnf ai r Comp mpet i t i on and casesci t ed. "Thatpoi nti ssust ai ned by t heaut hori t i es,and i swel l st at edi nHanoverSt arMi Mi l l i ngCo.vs.Al l enandW Wh hee l erCo.( 208Fed. ,513) . I t i s ver yappar entt hatt hepur poseandi nt entofHer manandhi sassoci at esi nseeki ngt o i ncor por at eundert hename meofWes t er n El ect r i cCo Comp mpany ,I nc. ,was t o unf ai r l yand unj ust l ycompet ei nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl andswi wi t ht heWe West ernEl ect ri cComp mpany ,I nc. ,i n art i cl eswhi charema manuf act ur edby,andbeart hename meof ,t hatcomp mpany ,al lofwhi ch i spr ohi bi t ed by ActNo.666,and wasma made known t ot hedef endantReyesby t he l e t t e r .
PATRI RI CK HENRY FRANK,etal .v.CONSTANCI O BENI TO G. R.No.L27793Ma Mar ch15,1928 Do c t r i ne :Af t e rr e g i s t r at i o no ft hepat e nti nt heBur e au o fCo mm mme r c eand i ndus t r y ,t he pat entl aws,ast he yexi s ti nt heUni t ed St at esf orsuc hpat ent ,ar et henappl i edt oand ar ei nf o r c eande ffe ffe c ti nt hePhi l i ppi neI s l ands .
FACTS:Pl ai nt i ffsal l egethatt heyar et heown wner sofapat entcoveri nghemp mpst ri ppi ng machi nei ss uedt ot hem byt heUni t edSt at esPat entOfficeofDec emb mber16,1924,and dul yr egi st er ed i nt he Bur eau ofComm mmer ceand I ndus t ryoft he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands undert hepr ovi si onsofActNo.2235oft hePhi l i ppi neLegi sl at ur eon Marc h 17,1925. Thatpl ai nt i ffshav ef orsomet i mebeenmanuf act ur i ngt hemachi neundert hepat ent . That t he def endant manuf act ur ed a hempst r i ppi ng machi ne i n whi ch, wi t hout aut hor i t yf r om t he pl ai nt i ffs,he has emb mbodi ed and use d such spi ndl es and t hei r met hod ofappl i cat i on and use,and i sexhi bi t i ng hi s machi net ot hepubl i cf ort he pur poseofi nduci ng i t spur chase.Thatt hedef endant ' sma machi nei san i nf r i ngeme ment upon t hepat entgr ant ed t hepl ai nt i ffs,and pl ai nt i ffspr ayf oran i nj unct i on t hatt he def endantbe r equi r ed t o accountt o pl ai nt i ffsf oranypr ofit shema mayhav ema madeby r eason ofsuch i nf r i ngeme ment ,and f ora t emp mpor ary i nj unct i on r es t r ai ni ng hi m i nt he manuf act ur eofot hermachi nesoft hesame meki ndofi t sexhi bi t i on,andt hatupon t he finalhear i ng,t hei nj unct i onbema madeper manent . Lower Cour t Rul i ng: Gr ant ed t he pl ai nt i ffs t he i nj unct i on pr ayed f or i n t hei r comp mpl ai nt ,and absol vi ngt hem f r om def endant ' scount er cl ai m,and j udgme mentagai nst t hedef endantf orcost s. I SSUE: 1.Whet herornott hepat entacqui r edbyt hepl ai nt i ffi nt heUScanbeenf or cedi n t hePhi l i ppi nes?–YES RATI O:I ti sconce ded t haton Dec emb mber16,1924,t heUn Uni t ed St at esPat entOffice i ssuedt ot hepl ai nt i ffst hepat enti nquest i on No.1519579,andi twasdul yregi st er ed i nt heBur eauofComm mmer ceandI ndus t ryoft hePhi l i ppi neI sl andson Mar ch17,1925. Af t ersuch r egi s t r at i on t hepat entl aws,ast hey exi s ti nt he Uni t ed St at es f orsuch pat ent ,ar et hen appl i ed t o and ar ei nf or ce and effecti nt he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands. ( Var gasvs.F.M.Yapt i co& Co. ,40Phi l . ,195. )I nt hei nst antcase,t heori gi nalpat ent i si nevi dence,andt hatdeci si on f urt herhol dst hat : The bur den of pr oof t o subst ant i at e a char ge of i nf r i ngeme ment i s wi t h t he pl ai nt i ff. Wh Wher e, howev er ,t he pl ai nt i ffi nt r oduces t he pat enti n evi dence,i fi ti si n due pr i maf ac i epr f orm, m,i taffordsa esumpt i on ofi t scorr ect ness andval i di t y .Thedeci si on oft heComm mmi ssi onerofPat ent si n gr ant i ngt hepat enti sal wayspr esumed t obecorr ect .The
bur den t he shi f t s t o t he def endant t o over come by compet entevi dencet hi sl egalpr esumpt i on. Thati st osay ,t hepat ent ,whi chi nt hei nst antcasei si nduef or m,havi ngbeen i ma f ac i epr i nt r oduced i n evi dence," affor ds apr esumpt i on of i t s cor r ect ness and val i di t y . "Hence,t hi si snotacaseofaconfli ctbet weent wodi ffer entpat ent s.
I N RE: JENNI E RI DER BABCOCK.
BEATRI CE BABCOCK TEMPLETON v.WI LLI AM RI DER BABCOCK G. R.No.L28328Oct ober2,1928 Do c t r i ne :Unde rt heCo deo fCi v i lPr o c edur e ,t her i ghtt opr o v ei no urc o ur t s ,ac c o r di ngt o t hel awso fa par t i c ul arAme r i c a n St at e ,t hewi l lo fape r s o n bo r ni nt heUni t e d St at e s de pe ndsupo nwhe t he rt het e s t at o rwasa c i t i z e no ft hes t at et owhi c hhei sat t r i but e d; ands uc hc i t i z e ns hi pi nt ur nde pe ndsonwhe t he rt het e s t at o rp o s se s s edal e g aldo mi c i l e i ns uc hs t at e . Wher et hemakeroft hewi l l ,i nt hi scase,awoman,wasofAmer i canci t i zenshi p b y bi r t h,buthe rp l ac eo fr e s i de nc ehass hi f t e db yr e mo v alf r o ms t at et os t at e ,s hewas de c l ar e dt obeac i t i z e no ft hes t at ewhe r ebyr e s i de nc eandde c l ar at i o no fi nt e nt i o ns he appe ar e dt ohav el as te s t abl i s he dal e g aldo mi c i l e . Thef ac tt hatt het e s t at r i xhad l i v e df r o m 19181920 i nt heSt at eo fCal i f o r ni a, dur i ngwhi c ht i mes hehadpar t i c i pat e di npo l i t i c alanddo me s t i cac t i v i t i e s ,was ,i nt hi s c as e ,he l ds uffic i e nt ,i nc o nne c t i o nwi t hr e pe at e d de c l r at i o nsofani nt e nt i o no nhe rp ar t t or e t ur nt ot hats t at et ol i v e,t oes t abl i shherl egaldomi c i l e.
FACTS : hepet T i t i onerwasfil edbyBeat r i ceBabcockTempl at i ont osecur epr obat eofa paperwr i t i ng pur port i ng t o expre sst hewi shesofJenni eRi derBabcock,dece ased, pos t mor t em di wi t hr ef er ence t ot he sposi t i on of al l her pr opert y , consi st i ng of corporat est ock,j ewel ry ,per sonaleffect sandmoney .Thewi l lwaswri t t enwhol l yi nt he handwri t i ngoft hedeceasedandbearsherpr opersi gnat ur e. Thewi l li nt hi scasei sgover ned bysect i on 636 oft heCodeofCi vi lPr ocedur e whi chaut hor i z espr obat ebyourcour t sofawi l lmadewi t hi nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsby a ci t i ze n or subj ect ofanot her st at e or count ry , when such wi l li s exec ut ed i n accordancewi t ht hel aw oft hest at eorcount ryofwhi ch t het est at ori sa ci t i ze n or subj ect ,andwhi chmi ghtbepr ovedundert hel aw ofsuchst at eorc ount ry . The pr oponentoft he wi l l ,Beat r i ce Babcock Templ et on,mot heroft he t hr ee chi l dr en who are pr i nci pal benefici ari es of t he wi l l , cont ends t hat t he t est at ri x acqui r ed a l egaldomi ci l ei nt he St at e ofCal i f orni a by r esi dence t her ei n overt wo per i ods oft i me bet wee n 1917 and 1923,and t hat s uch domi ci l e was nev er l ost . Beat ri ceTempl at i on t her ef oreal l egest hatt het est at ri xwasatt het i meofherdeatha r esi dentoft heSt at eofCal i f orni a,t hough t emporari l yresi di ngi nMani l aatt het i meof herdeat h;andt hepart i eshaveagree dt hatt hi spapercoul dbepr ovedi nt heSt at eof Cal i f orni aast hehol ogr aphi cwi l loft hedeceased. RespondentWi l l i am Ri derBabcock,t he br ot heroft he pr oponent ,r esi stt he pr obat eoft hewi l lon t hegroundt hatt het est at ri xhadneveracqui r edal egaldomi ci l e i nt heSt at eofCal i f orni a,ort hat ,i fshehad,such domi ci l ehad been l ostwhen she wentt oNew Yor korwhenshewentbackt oMani l a. Lower CourtRul i ng: The t r i alcour tdeduced f r om her act s and st at ement st he concl usi ont hatshehadacqui r edadomi ci l ei nCal i f orni a.
Appel l at eCour tRul i ng : heCour T tofI nst anceofMani l aadmi t t edt hepr obat eoft he hol ogr aphi cwi l lofJenni eRi derBabcock. I SSUES: 1.Whet hert het est at r i x,att het i mewi l lwasmade,had t hest at usofaci t i zenof t he St at e of Cal i f or ni a, as r equi r ed by se ct i on 636 of our Code of Ci vi l Procedure. 2.Whet her t he t es t at r i x had ev er acqui r ed a l eg al domi ci l ei nt he St at e of Cal i f orni aand 3.Whet her ,supposi ngsuchdomi ci l et ohav ebee nacqui r ed,shemaynothav el ost i tasar esul tofherr emovalf r om t hatst at e RATI O:I tappearst hatt est at r i xJenni eRi derBabcock had spenthermarr i ed l i f ei n t heSt at eofMassac huse t t s;but ,herhusbandhavi ngdi edi n 1908,shemov edaye ar l at ert o Mani l a wher eshel i ve d wi t h herson.I n 1917,shej oi ned t hef ami l y ofher daught er ,Mr s.Beat ri ce.Templ et on i n San Fr anci sco,Cal i f orni a.Duri ngt heseyear s her soni nl aw ( Mr . Templ e t on, husband of Beat r i ce Templ et on) was r unni ng a busi nessi nSanFr anci sco.Thet est at r i xt henr et ur nedt oMani l ai n1918.Dur i ngt hi s st ay i n Mani l a she occupi ed an apar t ment i nt he house ofher son,wher e she r emai ned unt i l 1920. She t hen r et ur ned t o San Fr anci sc o and l i ved wi t h her daught er’ sf ami l y( t heTempl et ons)unt i l1923.Fr om al egalpoi ntofvi ew,t hechar act er andi nci dent soft hi ssecond soj our ni n San Fr anci scoconst i t ut et hemosti mport ant f ac ti nt hec as e. Amongt hef eat ur esofi mpor t ancewhi ch char act er i z et hei nci dentwenot et he f ol l owi ng:Fi r st ,hers oni nl aw,Templ et on,owned ahomei n San Fr anci scoi n whi ch hel i ved,wi t houtanyapparenti nt ent i on ofr emovi ngf r om t hest at e;secondl y ,upon arri vi ng i n San Fr anci sco, t he t est at ri x est abl i shed her sel f as a pr act i t i oner i n Chri st i an Sci ence,a cul tt owhi ch shewasat t ached:t hi r dl ysheengaged i n pol i t i cal act i vi t i es,t aki ngparti naparadeadvert i si ngacausei nwhi chshewasi nt erest ed,and shevot ed i n atl eastone gener alel ect i on t hatoccurr ed i nt hatst at e;f ourt hl y ,she f or med an at t achmentf or Cal i f or ni a,and i n many conver sat i ons t her eaf t er wi t h i nt i mat ef ri ends,sher ef err ed t oCal i f orni aasherhomest at eexpr essed heri nt ent i on ofr et urni ngt her eandbui l di ngahomei nwhi cht ol i ve.I ndeed,i tappearsi nevi dence t hatonl ya shortt i mebef or eherdeat hi n Mani l a shewasacqui r i nga f ew pi ece sof Spani shf urni t ur et otakebackt ohert oCal i f orni a. Tr ue,t hati n1923,t het est at r i xl i vedi nNew Yor ksi ncehersoni nl aw openeda br anch t her e whi ch made i tnecessar yf ort he Templ et on f ami l yt ot r ansf ert o New Yor k.Butt hesoj our noft het est at r i xi nNew Yor kwasappar ent l ynotcongeni al ,si nce, af t eraf ew mont hsofexperi encei nt hatci t y ,sher et urned t oMani l a,arr i vi ngatt hi s pl acei n January ,1924.Thei mpres si on t hatcondi t i onsi n New Yor k madeupon her maybegauge d by a st at ementsubsequent l ymadeby hert o oneofherf r i endsi n Mani l a," Del i ve rmef r om l i vi ng i n New Yor k. "Whatr eal l y br oughtherback t ot he
Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands,apartf r om herdi sl i ke t ot he envi r onmenti n New Yor k,i s not cert ai n,butshesuggest ed t of ri endsher e,af t erarr i vi ng,t hata desi r et oeconomi ze t hecostofl i vi ngmayhavehad aparti n hercour se. I ti sevi dentf r om t hepr ooft hat t he r emovaloft he t est at r i xf r om Cal i f orni at o New Yor k di d notpr oceed f r om her vol i t i on butr esul t ed f r om ci r cums t ancesov erwhi ch shehad nopr i mar ycont r ol ,her mot i vebei ngf oundi nherdesi r et obewi t hherdaught erandgr andchi l dr en. A ci r cumst ancet owhi ch i mpor t ancei sat t achedbyt headv er separ t y ,Wi l l i am Ri derBabcock,i st hati nt hePassengerMani f estoft heve sselupon whi chshecamet o Mani l a,she cause d New Yor k Ci t yt o be ent er ed opposi t ehernamei nt hecol umn i ndi cat i ng" LastPermanentResi dence, "i tbei ngi nsi st ed t hatt hi si san admi ssi on on herpartt endi ngt oshow t heacqui si t i on by herofadomi ci l ei n New Yor k St at e.We consi dert hi sci r cumst anceofnopr obat i vef orcei n connect i on wi t ht hei ssuesoft hi s l awsui t . The Pass enger Mani f es t gave t he pass enge r no choi ce about i ndi cat i ng whet herNew Yor k was t he pl ace ofl astr esi dence ort he pl ace ofl as tper manent r esi dence,andofcour sewhenshet ol dt heshi p' soffici alt hatshewasf r om New Yor k Ci t y ,t henameoft hi spl acenece ssar i l yhad t ogodown i nt hecol umn ment i oned.As l i t t l ei mport ancei st obeat t achedt oherBaggageDecl arat i on andEnt ry ,madeon t he same voyage bef or e di se mbar ki ng at Mani l a,i n whi ch she st at ed t hat she was a r esi dentofMani l a.Paper s oft hi s char act erarenotcommonl y wr i t t en wi t hl egal pre ci si on;and t heci r cumst ance st hatshe had l i ve d manyyear si n Mani l a and was comi ng back t ot hi s ci t y ,suffici ent l y expl ai nswhy she cl ai med t o bea r esi dentof Mani l ai nt hatdecl ar at i on wi t houtmaki nganyconcl usi vec ommi t mentast ot hepl ace ofherdomi ci l ei nl aw. Whatweconsi dert hemor ecr i t i calquest i oni swhet herornott hedomi ci l et hus acqui r edwassubsequent l yl ostbyr emovalf r om sai dst at e.Butupon t hi spoi ntal so, wear eoft heopi ni ont hatt heconcl usi onoft het r i alcour t ,t ot heeffectt hatacqui r ed domi ci l ehad notbeen l ost ,i si n conf ormi t ywi t ht heevi dence.I ti sar ecogni zedrul e t hatt he i nt ent i on wi t h whi ch r emovali s madef r om a part i cul arst at e det er mi nes whet herornott hedomi ci l ei sabandoned;and i nt ent i on i sr eveal ed onl yi nt heact s anddecl arat i onoft heper sonconcer ned. But i ti s sai dt hat ,ev en supposi ng t hat t he t est at r i x had not acqui r ed a domi ci l ei nNew York,yetshewasar esi dentoft hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsatt hesamet i me ofherdeat h,and t hat ,havi ng es t abl i shed her sel fi nt hese I sl ands as a pl ace of per manentabode,herwi l lshoul dnotbeadmi t t edt opr obat east hewi l lofaci t i zenof anot hers t at e.Butt hepr oofshowst hathoweverl ongthet est at ri xhad r esi dedi nt he Phi l i ppi neI sl ands,sheatnot i mehad anyi nt ent i on ofr esi di ngher epermanent l y .I n t hecont rary,herr epeat eddecl ar at i onsrevealafixed i nt ent i on ofr et urni ngul t i mat el y t ot heUni t edSt at es. Agai n,i ti sarul et hataci t i zenoft heUni t edSt at escannotacqui r eci t i zenshi p i nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsbyr esi denceher e,howeve rl ongcont i nued ( I n ReEst at eof Johnson,39 Phi l . ,156) .Thet est at r i xt her ef or er emai ned att het i meofherdeat ha ci t i zen oft heUni t ed St at es.Herwi l li st her ef orepr ovabl eundersect i on 636 oft he CodeofCi vi lPr ocedur east hewi l lofaci t i zenofanot hers t at eorcount ry;andt heonl y ques t i on t obedet er mi nedi nt hi scasei s,whi chst at eoft heAmer i can Uni on hast he
bestcl ai mt oherci t i z enshi p,aques t i on,whi ch,aswehaveal r eadyseen,t ur nsupon domi ci l e;and t her ei snoot hers t at ewhoseci t i ze nshi p shecan cl ai m,accordi ngt he evi dencei nt hi srecor d,wi t h asgood ri ghtast heSt at eofCal i f orni a.Massachuset t s, t hepl aceofhermari t alabode,hasnotbeenent er edi nt hecompet i t i on,andwemust deci debet ween Cal i f orni aand New York.Asbet ween t heset wost at es,Cal i f orni awas sur el yt he st at e ofherl egaldomi ci l e,acqui r ed by choi ce and by r esi di ng t her ei n. Fur t her mor e,t hi s Cal i f orni a domi ci l e has notbeen suppl ant ed by a l at erdomi ci l e acqui r edi nNew Yor k.I tr esul t st hatt het ri alcourtcommi t t ednoerr ori n consi deri ng t het e s t a t ri xac i t i z e noft heSt at eofCal i f or ni a,f ort hepur pos eofadmi t t i ngt hi swi l lt o probate.
BASI LI O SANTOSCO v.GOVERNMENT G. R.No.L28375December29,1928 Do c t r i ne :I tappe ar i ng,ac c o r di ngt ot heappl i c ant ’ sc o nt e nt i o n,t hathei saFi l i pi noand t hatal t hough hehasgonet oChi na sever alt i mes,heneverbecamea ci t i zen oft hat c o unt r y;t hat ,ac c o r di ngt ohi se vi de nc e ,hei s ,i nf ac t ,aPhi l i ppi nec i t i z en,hav i ngbe en bor ni nt he Phi l i ppi nes dur i ng t he t i me ofSpani sh sover ei gnt y,hi s mot herbei ng a Fi l i pi no woman and hi sf at herunknown,ora Chi naman notl awf ul l y mar r i ed t o hi s mo t he r ,t henat ur al i z at i o npr o c ee di ngsr e f e r r i ngt ot ho sewhoar eno tPhi l i ppi nec i t i z e ns , dono tappl yt ohi m andt he r ei snone edt oi ns t i t ut et hi sac t i o n.
Thi si san appl i cat i on f orPhi l i ppi neci t i z enshi p .Theappl i cantal l egesand FACTS: hast ri edt opr ovethathei saFi l i pi no,bornofaFi l i pi nomot heri nt hemuni ci pal i t yof Mal ol os,Provi nceofBul acan i n June1890,who di d notbecomea Chi nes eci t i z en duri nghi svi si t si nChi na. I n1894or1895,whenhewas4ye ar sol dhewentt oChi nawi t hhi spar ent s.I n 1916 her e t ur ned t ot hePhi l i ppi nesand i nt hesameye arwentback t oChi nat obe t r eat ed f oran i l l ness.I n 1917,heagai nr et urnedt oMani l a,wher eher emai nedunt i l 1922,whenheoncemor et ookhi svacat i on i n Chi na.I n 1923,her et ur nedt oMani l a andhassi ncer emai nedher e. Theevi denceadducedbyt heappl i cantconsi st edofExhi bi t sAandH,whi chcont ai na copyofabapt i smalcer t i ficat ewher ei ni tappearst haton June4,1890,i nt hepari sh ofMal ol os,muni ci pal i t yofMal ol os,Pr ovi nceofBul acan,achi l dnamed Basi l i o,born ont he10t hoft hemont h,ofVenanci aSant osandanunknownf at her ,wasbapt i z edi n accor dancewi t ht heri t esand ce r emoni esoft heRoman Cat hol i cApos t ol i cChur ch. Theappl i cantt est i fiedt hatt hebapt i smalcer t i ficat er ef er r edt ohi m;t hatwhi l ehewas yetofat enderage,hi smot her ,Venanci a Sant os,t ol d hi mt hathewasherson and t hathewasborni nt hemuni ci pal i t yofMal ol os,Pr ovi nceofBul acan. 1awphi 1. net LowerCour tRul i ng : i We ghi ngt heevi denceoffer edbyt heappl i cant ,t hecour tbel ow f oundi tnotsat i sf act ori l ypr oven t hatt heappl i cantwasborni nt hi scount ryandt hat hei sofPhi l i ppi neori gi nand,consequent l y,deni edi t ,wi t hcost s. Appel l at eCour tRul i ng:I taffir medt hel owerc our t ’ srul i ng. I SSUE: Whet herornoti thasbeensat i sf act ori l ypr ovent hatt heappl i cantwasborni n t hi scount ryandt hathei sofPhi l i ppi neori gi n. RATI O:I tappear s,accor di ngt ot heappl i cant ' scont ent i on,t hathei sa Fi l i pi noand t hatal t hough hehasgonet oChi na se ve r alt i meshenev erbecamea ci t i z en oft hat count ry.Accordi ngt oi sevi dence,hei s,i nf act ,aPhi l i ppi neci t i zen,havi ngbeen born i nt he Phi l i ppi nes dur i ng t he t i me oft he Spani sh sov er ei gnt y ,hi s mot herbei ng a Fi l i pi nowoman and hi sf at herunknown,oraChi naman notl awf ul l ymarr i ed t ohi s
mot her ( U. S. vs . Ong Ti anse,29 Phi l . , 332) . Thi s bei ng so, t he nat ur al i zat i on pr oceedi ngs est abl i shed by ActNo.2927,r ef er ri ng t ot hose who arenotPhi l i ppi ne ci t i zens,do notappl yt o hi m and t her ei sno need t oi nst i t ut et hi sact i on.Fort hi s r eason,t hej udgmentappeal edf r om i saffir med,wi t hcost s.Soor der ed.
NUVA Lv.GURAY,etal . G. R.No.L30241December29,1928 Doct r i ne:Wher ea vot erabandonshi sr esi dencei nast at eand acqui r esonei nanot her s t at e ,hec anno tag ai nv o t ei nt hes t at eo fhi sf o r me rr e s i de nc eunt i lhehasq ual i fie dbya ne w pe r i o do fr e s i de nc e .
FACTS:Gr egori oNuvalfil ed,i nt heCour tofFi r stI nst anceofLa Uni on,i n hi sdual capaci t yasavot erdul yqual i fiedandr egi st eredi nt heel ect i on l i stoft hemuni ci pal i t y ofLunaandasadul yre gi st er edcandi dat ef ort heofficeofmuni ci palpr esi dentofsai d muni ci pal i t y ,apet i t i on agai nstNorbert oGur ayaski ngf ort heexcl usi on ofhi sname f r om t he el ect i on l i st of sai d muni ci pal i t y , not bei ng a qual i fied vot er of sai d muni ci pal i t y si ne he had not r es i ded t her ei nf or si x mont hs as r equi r ed by t he Admi ni st r at i veCode. The CFI r ender ed j udgme nt di smi ssi ng i t because, i n t he CFI ’ s opi ni on, Nor ber t owasabonafide r esi dentoft hemuni ci pal i t yofLunaf r om January1,1927. Ast hator derwasnotappeal abl e,Nor ber t o' snamer emai nedi nt heel ect i on l i stoft he muni ci pal i t yofLuna. Thegener alel ect i onwashel dandNor bet oGur aywasel ect edt ot heofficeofmuni ci pal pr esi dentofLuna.Pet i t i onerGr egori oobt ai nedt hesecondpl ace. r ant o Gr egori onow fil est hepr esentact i on ofquowar ,aski ngt hatNorbert obe decl aredi nel i gi bl ehadal egalr esi denceofoneyearprevi oust otheel ect i on asrequi red byt heAdmi ni st r at i veCodei nor dert obeel i gi bl et oanel ect i vemuni ci paloffice. I t appear st hat up t o June 27,1922,Nor ber t o Gur ay had r es i ded i nt he muni ci pal i t yofLuna,hi sbi r t hpl ace,wher ehehadmarr i edandhadhel dt heofficeof muni ci pal t r easur er . On t hat dat e( June 27,1922) , he was appoi nt ed muni ci pal t r easur erofBal aoan,Pr ovi nceofLaUni on.Therul esoft hepr ovi nci alt r easur erofLa Uni on r equi r et hatmuni ci pal i t yt r easur er sl i vecont i nuousl yi nt hemuni ci pal i t ywher e t heyperf orm t heyoffici aldut i es,i nordert obeabl et ogi vean accountoft hei ract sas such t r easur er s atany t i me.I n ordert o qual i f y and bei n a posi t i on t o vot e as an el ect ori n Bal aoan i nt hegeneralel ect i on of1925,Norbert oaskedf ort hecancel l at i on ofhi snamei nt heel ect i on l i st sofLuna,wher ehehadvot edi nt hegener alel ect i onsof 1922,al l egi ngasagr ound t her ef oret hef ol l owi ng:" On t hegr ound oft r ansf erofany r es i dence whi ch t ook pl aceon t he 28t h day ofJune,1922.My cor r ec tand new addr essi sPobl aci on,Bal aoan,LaUni on; "I n hi scedul acert i ficat esi ssuedbyhi msel f asmuni ci palt r easur erofBal aoanf r om t heye ar1923t o1928,hemadei tappeart hat hi sr esi dencewasBal aoan.I nt heyear1926,hi swi f eand chi l dr en who,up t ot hat t i me,hadl i vedi nt hemuni ci pal i t yofBal aoan,wentbackt ol i vei nt het ownofLunai n t hehouseofhi swi f e' spar ent s.Nor ber t ousedt ogohomet oLunai nt heaf t er noons af t erofficehour s,andt her ehepassed t heni ght swi t hhi sf ami l y .Hi schi l dr enst udi ed i nt hepubl i cschoolofLuna.I n January ,1927,hecommence dt heconst r uct i on ofa houseofst r ongmat er i al si n Luna,whi chhasnotye tbeencompl et ed,andnei t herbe
norhi sf ami l yhasl i ve di ni t .On Febr uary1,1928,Nor ber t oGur ayappl i ed f orand obt ai nedvacat i onl eavet obespenti nLuna. On Februar y 23, 1928, Nor ber t o Gur ay appl i ed f or and obt ai ned t he cancel l at i on ofhi snamei nt heel ect i on l i stoft hemuni ci pal i t y ofBal aoan,and on Apr i l14,1928,heappl i edf orr egi st r at i onasav ot eri nLuna,al l egi ngt hathehadbeen r e s i di ngi ns ai dmuni c i pal i t yf ort hi r t yy ear s . LowerCour tRul i ng:I tt hatt he j udgmentr ender ed i nt he case on t he pet i t i on of Gr egori oNuvalaski ngf ort hecancel l at i onofNorbert oGur ay' snamei nt heel ect i onl i st e sj udi c at a ofLunai sconcl usi veandconst i t ut esr i nt hepr esentcase. Appel l at eCour tRul i ng : hel T owercour tj udgme nti saffir me d. I SSUES: et her or nott he j udgme ntr ender ed i nt he case oft he pet i t i on f or t he 1. Wh es excl usi on of Nor ber t o Gur ay' s name f r om t he el ect i on l i st ofLuna, i sr j udi c at a,so as t o pr eventt hei nst i t ut i on and pr osecut i on ofan act i on i nquo war r ant o,whi chi snow bef oreus. et herornotNor ber t oGur ayhadt hel egalr esi denceofoneyeari mmedi at el y 2. Wh pri ort ot hegeneralel ect i onsofJune5,1928,i nordert obeel i gi bl et otheoffice ofmuni ci palpr esi dentofLuna,Pr ovi nceofLaUni on. RATI O T : het r i alcour ter r edi nhol di ngt hatt hej udgme ntr ender edi nt hecaseont he pet i t i on ofGr egori oNuvalaski ngf ort hecancel l at i on ofNorbert oGur ay' snamei nt he el ect i on l i stofLunai sconcl usi veand const i t ut esr i nt hepr esentcase.I n esj udi c at a s ai dc as ef ort hepe t i t i on f ort hee xc l us i on,t heobj e cto ft hel i t i g at i on,ort hel i t i g i ous mat t erwast heconcl usi on ofNorbert oGur ayasa vot erf r om t heel ect i on l i stoft he muni ci pal i t yofLuna,whi l ei nt hepr esentquowarr ant opr oceedi ng,t heobj ectoft he l i t i gat i on,ort hel i t i gi ousmat t eri n hi sexcl usi on orexpul si on f r om t heofficet owhi ch hehas been el ect ed.Nei t herdoest her eexi st ,t hen,anyi dent i t yi nt heobj ectoft he l i t i gat i on,orthel i t i gi ousmat t er .Moreover ,i n sai d caseoft hepet i t i on f orexcl usi on, t hecauseofact i onwast hatNorbert oGur ayhadnott hesi xmont hs'l egalr esi dencei n t he muni ci pal i t y of Luna t o be a qual i fied vo t er t her eof , whi l ei nt he pre se nt r ant o,t pr oceedi ngsofquowar hecaseoft hi sact i oni st hatNorbert oGur ayhasnott he oneyear' sl egalresi dencerequi r edf ort heel i gi bi l i t yt otheofficeofmuni ci palpresi dent ofLuna.Nei t herdoesthereexi st ,t heref ore,i dent i t yofcausesofact i on. Wi t hr espectt ot he second i ssue,Nor ber t oi s NOT el i gi bl et o be an el ect i ve muni ci palpr esi dentoft hemuni ci pal i t yofLuna. Nor bert oGur ayabandonedhi sfir str es i dencei nt hemuni ci pal i t yofLunaand acqui r ed anot heri n Bal aoan.Hence,i n or dert o vot e and be a candi dat ei nt he muni ci pal i t yofLuna,heneeded t or eacqui r er esi dencei nt hel at t ermuni ci pal i t yf or t hel engt hoft i mepr escr i bedbyt hel aw,andf orsuchpur pose,heneedednotonl yt he i nt ent i on t odoso,buthi spersonalpr esencei nsai dmuni ci pal i t y.
Byreason ofhi sofficeasmuni ci palt r easur erofBal aoan,Nor bert oGur ayhad t or es i de and i nf act r es i ded i n sai d muni ci pal i t y unt i l1928 when he fil ed hi s r es i gnat i on f r om hi soffice ,whi ch wasacce pt ed on t hesamedat e.Thef actt hathi s f ami l ymovedt ot hemuni ci pal i t yofLunai nt heyear1926i nordert ol i vet her ei nvi ew oft hehi gh costofl i vi ngi n bal aoan;t hef actt hathi schi l dr en st udi ed i nt hepubl i c sc hoolofsai dt own;t he f actt haton af t er noons af t erhour s he wenthome t ot he muni ci pal i t yofLunaandt her epassedt heni ghtwi t hhi sf ami l y ,arenoti nt hemsel ves al onesuffici entt oshow t hatf r om sai d ye arhehad t r ansf er r ed hi sre si dencet osai d muni ci pal i t y,si nce hi s wi f e and chi l dren l i ved wi t h hi sf at her i nl aw,i nt he l at t er' s houset hatonl yi nt hemont h ofJanuary ,1927,di d hebegi nt heconst r uct i on ofa houseofst r ongmat er i al s,whi ch i snotye tc ompl et ed,noroccupi edbyhi msel forhi s f ami l y .Hi sownacti nr ecor di ngi n hi scedul acer t i ficat esf ort heyears1927and1928 i ssued by hi msel fi n hi sf avoras muni ci palt r easur erofBal aoan,t hathi s pl ace of r esi dencewast hatmuni ci pal i t y,show t hatunt i lt hedat eofhi sresi gnat i on hedi dnot consi derhi msel fasar esi dentoft hemuni ci pal i t yofLuna.Thef actt hathi swi f eand chi l dr en l i vedi n Lunanoti n hi sown housebuti nt hatofhi swi f e' sf athersi ncet he year 1926,cannot be l ooked upon as a change ofr esi dence,si nce a change of r es i dencer equi r esan act ualand del i ber at e abandonmentoft hef or mer( 20 Cor pus Jur i s,p.71)andonecannothavet wol egalr esi dencesatt hesamet i me . Fort hef or egoi ngconsi der at i ons,weareofopi ni on and sohol di nf actand i n l aw Norbert oGur ayonl yabandonedhi sl egalr esi dencei nt heMuni ci pal i t yofBal aoan, and began t o acqui r eanot heri nt hemuni ci pal i t yofLuna f r om Febr aury16,1928, when hefil edhi sr esi gnat i on f r om t heofficeofmuni ci palt r easur erofBal aoan whi ch he had been hol di ng,and whi ch r es i gnat i on was accept ed;and on bei ng el ec t ed muni ci palpre si dentofLuna i nt he ge ner alel ec t i ons ofJune 5,1928,he had not r eacqui r edt hel egalr esi dencenecessaryt obeval i dl yel ect edt osai doffice. By vi rt ue wher eof ,t he el ect i on ofr espondent appel l eeNorbert o Gur ay t ot he officeofmuni ci palpre si dentofLunai sher ebyhel dt obeunl awf ulandquashedand, i nconsequence,hehasnori ghtt ot akepossessi onofsai doffice. DI SSENTI NG OPI NI ON( VI LLAMOR,J. , ) : Theme r echangeofdwel l i ngpl acedoesnoti nvol ved achangeofr esi dencei fi t benotaccompani ed byi nt ent i on.Hencei thasbeen hel dt hati fonehasr emoved t o anot hert own sol el ybyvi rt ueofhi sappoi nt mentast hemuni ci palt r easur er ,butwi t h t hei nt ent i on t or et urnt ohi sori gi nalt own,hehasnotl osthi sresi dencei nhi sori gi nal ai t hac t own.The wor dsgood f companyi ng t he wor dr esi dencemustbe t aken as a descr i pt i on oft hest at eofmi nd oft heper son cl ai mi ngr esi dence.Forexampl e,i fa man r emovest opr ovi ncewi t ht hesol eobj ectofr emai ni ngoneyeari nor dert obecome acandi dat ef ort hegovernorshi p,hemaybehel dt obearesi denti nbadf ai t h,whi l ehe maybebodi l yabsentf r om t hepr ovi ncef oral ongt i meand ye thavei n hi smi ndt he const anti nt ent i on t or et urn.I fi tbe so,hewoul d bea r esi denti n good f ai t h oft he pl acehehadl ef t .
ANTONI O CHUA CHI ACO v.I NSULAR COLLECTOR OFCUSTOMS G. R.No.L30601Mar ch21,1929 Do c t r i ne :TheChi ne sewi f eo faFi l i pi noc i t i z en,whoi sofChi ne ser ac e ,o ns at i s f ac t o r y pr oofoft hei rmar r i age,hast hel egalr i ghtt oadmi ssi onandt or esi dewi t hherhusband i nt hePhi l i ppi neI s l andsno to nt het he o r yt hatb yr e as o no fhe rmar r i ag e ,s hebe c o me sa c i t i z e no ft hi sc o unt r y,butbyr e as ono ft hef ac tt hathe rhus bandi ssuc hac i t i z en.
FACTS:Ong Ti o,a Chi nes e woman,ar r i ved atMani l a and sought admi ss i on and r esi dence i nt he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands,cl ai mi ng t hatshe i st he wi f e ofAnt oni o Chua Chi aco,whowasanat i vebornci t i zenoft hi scount ry ,al t houghofChi neseparent age. A hear i ng was had bef or e a boar d ofspeci ali nqui r y whi ch deci ded t hatt he appl i cantwasnotent i t l edt oadmi ssi on,byreasonofhermarr i aget oaFi l i pi noci t i zen. Fr om t hi s deci si on an appealwas t aken t ot he I nsul arCol l ec t orofCust oms who confirmedt hedeci si onoft heboard. On behal fofhi sal l eged wi f e,Ant oni oChuaChi acofil edapet i t i on f orawri tof habeas cor pus i nt he Cour tofFi r stI nst anceofMani l a,al l egi ng t hatOng Ti o was i l l egal l ydepri ved ofherl i bert ybyt heI nsul arCol l ect orofCust oms.Asa r esul tofa heari ng,t hatcour t( CFI )deci ded t hatOngTi ohad t hel egalr i ghtt oent erher eand r es i dewi t h herhusband,f r om whi ch t heI nsul arCol l ec t orofCus t omsappeal edand cont endst hatt hecourter r edi nt hemaki ngoft hatdeci si on. Res pondentCol l ec t orofCus t omsr el i eson t heI mmi gr at i on Act1924 and t he Rul esgove r ni ngt headmi ssi on ofChi nese ,i ssuedbyt heBur eau ofI mmi gr at i on oft he Uni t edSt at esDepart mentofLabor ,whi chpr ovi des: Al i enChi nesewi v esofAme r i can ci t i z ensar enotadmi ssi bl et ot he Uni t ed St at esbecauseoft hemari t alr el at i onshi p,and obvi ousl y cannot be per mi t t ed t o ent er ot her wi se t han of t hei r own i ndi vi dualst at usundert heI mmi gr at i onActof1924. [ XXX]
Thepe t i t i onercont endst hati n appl yi ngf oradmi ssi on,OngTi odoesnotcl ai m Fi l i pi no ci t i ze nshi p;t hatshe came her et ol i vewi t h herhusband and t o enj oy hi s company ,careandat t ent i on;t hatt heI mmi gr at i on Actof1924,ci t edbyt heCol l ect or of Cus t oms does not appl yt ot he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands, and poi nt s out t hat t he i mmi gr at i on l aws now i nf or cei nt he I sl ands ar e" Chi nes eand Excl usi on Laws"as r eenact edandext endedbyt heActofCongr essofApr i l29,1902,andt heI mmi gr at i on ActofFeb.5,1917,andt heI mmi gr at i onActof1924i snotenf or ceabl e. Rul e9a,subdi vi si on 1,oft heRul esofMay1,1917,gover ni ngt headmi ssi on of Chi nese,i ssuedbyt heDepart mentofLabor ,pr ovi des: The l awf ulwi f e ofan Ame r i can ci t i z en oft he Chi nese r ace may be admi t t edf ort hepur poseofj oi ni ngherhusband,andt hel awf ulchi l dr en ofsuch aci t i zen part akeofhi sci t i zenshi p and ar et her ef oreent i t l ed t o
admi ssi on.I n everycaseconvi nci ngpr oofofci t i zenshi pandr el at i onshi p shal lbeexact ed. Sect i on5oft heOr gani cAct ,knownasJonesLaw,pr ovi des: Thatt he St at ut or y Laws oft he Uni t ed St at es her eaf t ershal lnotonl y appl yt ot hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands,exceptwhen t heyspeci fical l ysopr ovi de, ori ti ssopr o v i de di nt hi sAc t . Lower Cour t Rul i ng :A hear i ng was had bef or e a boar d ofspeci ali nqui r y whi ch deci dedt hatt heappl i cantwasnotent i t l edt oadmi ssi on,byr easonofhermarri aget o aFi l i pi noci t i zen.Fr om t hi sdeci si on an appealwast aken t ot heI nsul arCol l ect orof Cust omswhoconfirmedt hedeci si onoft heboar d. Appel l at e Cour tRul i ng:TheCour tofFi r s tI ns t ancedec i ded t hatOngTi o had t he l egalri ghtt oent erher eandr esi dewi t hherhusband. I SSUE: Whet herornotOngTi ohad t hel egalr i ghtt oent erher eandr esi dewi t h her husband. RATI O: Weagr eewi t h pet i t i onert hatt heUni t ed St at esActof1924 ( I mmi gr at i on Act ) doesnotappl yt ot hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands,and t hatt heChi neseand Excl usi on Laws now enf or ce d her e wer et hose whi ch wer er ee nact ed and ext ended by t he Actof Congr essofApri l29,1902,andt heI mmi gr at i onActofFeb.5,1917. I ti sverysi gni ficantt hatt hesect i on 28 oft heActof1924 abovequot ed does notment i on orr ef ert ot hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands,andt hats ec.5oft heJonesLaw above quot ed speci fical l y pr ovi des t hatt he st at ut ory l aws oft he Uni t ed St at es her eaf t er enact ed shal l not appl yt ot he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands when t hei r appl i cat i on i s not speci fical l ypr ovi dedf ori nt heact . I tf ol l owsthatt heChi nesewi f eofaFi l i pi noci t i zenofaChi neser acehasal egal r i ghtt oadmi ssi on andt or esi dewi t h herhusbandi nt hi scount ry ,noton t het heory t hatbyt hereason oft hemarri age,shei saci t i zenoft hi scount ry ,butbyt hereason oft hef actt hatherhusbandi saci t i zenoft hi scount ry .
RATANSI NGH v.GOVERNMENT G. R.No.L30685Jul y29,1929 i t i o ne rbe i ng a Br i t i s hs ubj e c t ,t he pr i nc i pl e“ j us s ol i ” ,and no tt hat Do c t r i ne :The pet o f“ j ussangui ni s ” ,s ho ul dbeappl i e di nt hi sc as e.I nEng l andq ue s t i o nsofc i t i z ens hi par e g ov er ne d byt hepr i nc i pl e“ j uss ol i ” .The r e f o r e ,i nv i e wo ft hef ac tt hatt heappe l l antwas bo r ni nt hePr o v i nc eo fPunj ab,I ndi a,hei sdi s q ual i fie df r o m be c o mi nga c i t i z e no ft he Uni t e dSt at e sandc o ns e que nt l yo ft hePhi i ppi ne .I s l ands .
FACTS:Rat anSi ngh,fil edanappl i cat i on f orci t i zenshi pi nt heCourtofFi rs tI nst ance i nt he Provi nce ofZambal es ,pr ayi ng t hathe be neut r al i z ed as a ci t i z en oft he Phi l i ppi neI sl ands.Heal l egedt hathewasbornatSangt i pur ,Jul l under ,Punj ab,I ndi a and wasasubj ectofGr eatBr i t ai n;and hehad al lt hequal i ficat i onsr equi r ed byt he Nat r al i zat i on Law ( ActNo.2927)ast oage,r esi dence,educat i on,conduct ,andhedi d nothaveanyoft hedi squal i ficat i onsoft hesai dAct .Pet i t i oneral l egesthathef al l si n t hecl ass ofper sonsment i oned i n paragr aph ( c)i n Sect i on 1 of" TheNat ur al i zat i on Law” .Thepr ovi si on ofsai dl aw enumer at est hecl asse sofper sonswhomayacqui r e Phi l i ppi neci t i zenshi p.Theyare: ( a)Nat i vesoft hePhi l i ppi neswhoar enotci t i zenst her eofundert heJones Law; ( b)Nat i vesoft heotherI nsul arpossessi onsoft heUni t edSt at es; ( c)Ci t i zensoft heUni t edSt at es,orf orei gner swhoundert hel awsoft he Uni t edSt at esmaybecomeci t i zensofsai dcount ryi fr esi di ngt her ei n.
Thel aw oft heUni t ed St at esr egul at i ngt hei mmi gr at i on ofal i en t ot heUni t ed St at esandt hei rr esi dencet her ei n,i sf oundi nt heActofCongr essof1917,whi chwas expr essl y made appl i cabl et ot he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands.Sect i on 3 ofs ai d Actexcl udes f r om admi ssi on i nt ot heUni t ed St at esvari ouscl assesofper sons,amongwhi ch ar e t hef ol l owi ng: ...nat i vesofanycount ry ,pr ovi nceordependencysi t uat eon t heCont i nentofAsi a wes tofonehundre d and t ent h( 110t h) mer i di an ofl ongi t ude east f r om Gr ee nwi ch and east oft he fif t i et h( 50t h)mer i di an ofl ongi t udeeastf r om Gr eenwi ch and s out hoft hefif t i e t h( 50t h)par a l l e loft hel at i t udenor t h,... Sai d sec t i on 3 howev er ,es t abl i shes an exce pt i on i nf avoroft he per sons who ar e nat i v e sof— Thatpor t i on ofsai dt er r i t ory( Cont i nentofAsi a)si t uat ebet ween t he fif t i et h ( 50t h) and t he si xt yf our t h ( 64t h) mer i di ans of l ongi t udeeastf r om Gr eenwi ch and t het went yf our t h( 24t h)and t het hi r t y e i g ht( 38t h)par al l e l sofl at i t udenor t h,... Fr om t he abovequot ed pr ovi si ons oft he Act s ofCongr ess of1917,i tcl ear l y appearst hatnat i vesoft heCont i nentofAsi awi t hi nspeci fiedl i mi t sar eexcl udedf r om
t headmi ssi on i nt ot heUni t ed St at es,wi t ht heexcept i on ofnat i vesi nt heport i on of t he sai d cont i nent " si t uat e bet ween t he fif t i et h( 5t h) and t he si xt yf our t h( 64t h) mer i di ans ofl ongi t ude eastf r om Gr ee nwi ch and t he t went yf our t h( 24t h)and t he t hi r t y e i g ht( 38t h)par al l e l sofl at i t udenor t h. " Pet i t i onercont ends he i s a nat i ve ofKohek,Pr ovi nce ofBal uchi st an,I ndi a, because hi s par ent s wer e nat i ves oft he pl ace;t hatt he Pr ovi nce ofBal uchi st an i s f oundbet wee nt he50t hand64t hmer i di ansofl ongi t udeeastf r om Gr ee nwi chandt he 24t h and38t h par al l el sofl at i t udenort h;t hat ,t heref oretheappel l anti sanat i veofa t er r i t ory whose r esi dent s ar e note xcl uded f r om admi ssi on i nt ot he Uni t ed St at es undert hepr ovi si onsoft hesavi ngcl auseofsect i on 3oft heActofCongr essof1917, abovequot ed,andt hat ,consequent l y ,t heappel l anti squal i fiedt obecomeaci t i zenof t heUni t edSt at esundersai dActofCongr essandal sooft hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsunder t heprovi si onsoft heNat ural i zat i on Law oft hePhi l i ppi neLegi sl at ur ei nr el at i on t osai d ActofCongr ess. udgearr i ve d ata concl usi on t hatt hepet i t i onerwas not LowerCourtRul i ng:Thej qual i fiedt obecomeanatural i zedci t i zenoft hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands, Appel l at eCour tRul i ng : hel T owercour tj udgme nti saffir me d. I SSUE: I st hepet i t i oneraf or ei gnerwho,undert hel awsoft heUni t ed St at es,may becomeaci t i z enoft hatcount r yr esi di ngt her ei n? RATI O: Ther ei sabsol ut el yno pr oofi nt her ecor dt o show t hatt het own ofKohek, Pr ovi nceofBal uchi st an,i sf oundi nt heport i on oft heAsi ati cCont i nent ,whosenati ves ar enotexcl udedf r om admi ssi on i nt ot heUni t edSt at es.Wehavec onsul t edt hemapof I ndi a,part i cul ar l yt hePr ovi nceofBal uchi st anf orpurposeofveri f yi ngt heassert i on of t heappel l ant ' scounsel .Wef ound,however ,t hatt hePr ovi nceofBal uchi st an i si nsi de t hespeci fied l i mi t sofAsi a,whosenat i vesareexcl uded f r om admi ssi on t ot heUni t ed St at es,and i s out si de of t he " t er r i t ory si t uat e be t wee nt he 50t h and t he 64t h mer i di ansoft hel ongi t ude eastf r om Gr ee nwi ch and t he24t h and 38t h par al l el sof l at i t udenort h, 'whosenat i vesarenotexcl udedf r om admi ssi on i nt ot heUni t edSt at es, wi t ht heexcept i onofaver ysmal lpor t i ont her eofoft henor t hwest .Butnei t heri nt hi s port i on nori nanyot herpl aceoft hePr ovi nceofBal uchi st an di dwefindapl acecal l ed Kohek.Theappel l anthasthusut t er l yf ai l edt oshow t hathei snat i veofapl acewhose r esi dent smaybeadmi t t edi nt ot heUni t edSt at esandmaybecomeci t i ze nst her eof . Andmor eover ,t hepet i t i onerbei ngaBr i t i sh subj ect ,wear eofopi ni on t hatt he j i j ni s,shoul pr i nc i pl e us sol ,and nott hato fus sangui d be appl i ed i nt hi s case.I n i Engl and quest i onsofci t i zenshi p aregover ned by t hepr i nci p j l eussol .The r e f or e ,i n vi ew oft hef actt hatt heappel l antwasbor ni nt hePr ovi nceofPunj ab,I ndi a,hei s di squal i fiedf r om becomi ngaci t i zenoft heUni t edSt at esandconsequent l yoft hePhi l . I s l ands .
JUAN B.ALEGRE v.I NSULAR COLLECTOR OFCUSTOMS G. R.No.L30783Augus t27,1929 Do c t r i ne :Thef ac tt hats i mi l arl awsenac t e dbydi ffe r e nts t at e so ft heUni t e dSt at e shav e be ende c l ar e d unc o ns t i t ut i o nalasi nv i o l at i o no fs ec t i o n8,ar t i c l e1,o ft heUni t e d St at e s Co ns t i t ut i o n,whi c hv e s t sCo ng r e sswi t ht heaut ho r i t y“ t or e gul at ec o mme r c ewi t hf o r e i g n nat i o nsandamo ngt hes e ve r als t at e sandwi t ht heI ndi ant r i be s , ”d oe sno tappl yt ot he Phi l i ppi neI s l ands ,f o rt hes i mpl er e as o nt hatt hi sc o unt r yi sno tas t at eo ft heUni t e d St at e s,af o r e i gnnat i o no rat r i beo fI ndi ans .
FACTS :Thepet abaca i t i oneri sengaged i nt hepr oduct i on of and i t s export at i on t o f or ei gn mar ket s.I n 1927,he appl i ed t ot he r espondentf ora per mi tt o expor tone abaca hundredbal esof t oEngl and,whi chwasdeni ed,andadvi se dt hathewoul dnot be per mi t t ed t o expor tt heabacai n ques t i on wi t hout a cer t i ficat e of t he Fi ber St andardi zat i onBoar d. ActNo.2380i sent i t l ed" AnActpr ovi di ngf ort hei nspect i on,gr adi ng,andbal i ng ofabaca ( Mani l ahemp) ,maguey( cant al a) ,si sal ,andot herfiber s, "andwasenact edby t hePhi l i ppi neLegi sl at ur e.Thepurposeandi nt entoft heori gi nall aw wast opr ovi dei n det ai lf ort hei nspect i on gradi ngand bal i ngof ,si saland ot herfiber s, abaca,maguey andf orauni f orm scal ef orgr adi ng,andt oi ssueoffici alcert i ficat esast ot heki ndand qual i t y oft he hemp,so t hatan i nt endi ng pur chaserf r om an exami nat i on oft he ce r t i ficat esmi ghtbeassur edandknow t hegr adeandqual i t yoft hehempoffer edf or sal e. Theor i gi nall aw wasl at eramended,andi nsuchamendmentast andar di z at i on boar d, known as “ Fi ber St andar di z at i on Boar d” , was cr eat ed. Accor di ng t ot he amendment ,t heFi berSt andar di zat i onBoardshal ldet er mi net heoffici alst andar dsf or t he var i ous commer ci al gr ades of Phi l i ppi ne fiber st hat ar e or may her eaf t er be pr oduced on t hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsf orshi pmentabr oad.More over ,sai dl aw pr ovi des t hat , Nofiberwi t hi nt hepurv i ew oft hi sl aw shal lbeexport edf r om t he Phi l i ppi neI sl andsi n quant i t ygr eat ert han t heamountsuffici ent t o make one bal e,wi t houtbei ng gr aded,bal ed,i nspect ed,and cert i fiedasi nt hi sl aw pr ovi ded.
Pet i t i onerfil ed i nt heCourtofFi rs tI nst anceofMani l aapet i t i on f ora wri tof mandamus,al l egi ng t hatt hepr ovi si onsoft heAdmi ni st r at i veCodef ort hegr adi ng, i nspect i on and ce r t i ficat i on of fiber s and, as pr ovi ded i n t hat Code, ar e unconst i t ut i onaland voi d.Accor di ng t ot he pet i t i oner ,a powerconf err ed upon t he Legi sl at ur et omakel awscannotbedel egat edt oanyot heraut hori t y ,suchastheFi ber St andardi zat i onBoar d. LowerCour tRul i ng:I tde ci de dag ai ns tpe t i t i one rAl e gr e . Appel l at eCour tRul i ng : hel T owercour tj udgme nti saffir me d.
I SSUES: 1.Whet herornott heaut hori t yves t ed i nt heboar di sa del egat i on ofl egi sl at i ve power . 2.Whet herornott he l aw i n ques t i on del egat es t ot he Fi berBoard l egi sl at i ve power soradmi ni st r at i vef unct i onst ocarr youtt hepurposeand i nt entoft he l aw f ori t smoreeffici entadmi ni st r at i on. RATI O T : hemaxi m t hatpowerconf er r ed upon Legi sl at ur et o make l aws cannotbe del egat edt oanyotheraut hori t ydoesnotpr ecl udet heLegi sl at ur ef r om del egat i ngany powernotl egi sl at i vewhi ch i tmayi t sel fri ght f ul l yexerci se.I tmayconf eran aut hori t y i nr el at i on t ot heexecut i on ofal aw whi ch mayi nvol vedi scr et i on,butsuch aut hori t y mustbe ex er ci sedunderand i n pur suanceoft hel aw.TheLegi sl at ur emustdecl ar e t hepol i cyoft hel aw andfixt hel egalpri nci pl eswhi char et ocont r oli ngi vencases;but anadmi ni st r at i veofficerorbodymaybei nves t edwi t ht hepowert opr i nci pl esappl y . Hence, al t hough l eg i sl at i ve power cannot be del eg at ed t o boar ds and commi ss i ons, t he Legi sl at ur e may del eg at et ot hem admi ni st r at i v ef unct i ons i n car ryi ngoutt hepur posesofast at ut eand var i ousgover nment alpowerf ort hemor e effici entadmi ni st r at i on oft hel aws. Thel aw pr ovi desi n de t ai lf ort hei nspect i on,gr adi ngand bai l i ngofhemp t he Fi berBoardwi t ht hepowerandaut hori t yt odevi sewaysandmeansf ori t sexec ut i on. I nl egaleffect ,t he Legi sl at ur e has sai dt hatbef or e any hemp i s expor t ed f r om t he Phi l i ppi neI sl andsi tmustbei nspect ed,gr adedandbal ed,andhascre at edaboar dor t hatpurposeandves t edi twi t ht hepowerandaut hori t yt odot heact ualwor k.Thati s not a del eg at i on o l egi sl at i ve power .I ti s not hi ng mor et han a del eg at i on of admi ni st r at i vepoweri nt heFi berBoard,t ocarr youtt hepur poseand i nt entoft he l aw.I nt heverynat ur eoft hi ngs,t heLegi sl at ur ecoul dnoti nspect ,gradeandbal et he hemp,andf r om nece ssi t y ,t hepowert odot hatwoul dhavet obeve st edi n aboardof commi ss i on. The appel l ee,Al egr e,has ci t ed aut hor i t i es ofsi mi l arl aws,whi ch have been enact ed by di ffer ent St at es of t he Uni t ed St at es ,t hat hav e been decl ar ed unconst i t ut i onali n vi ol at i on oft he Uni t ed St at es Const i t ut i on whi ch conf er s upon Congr es st heaut hor i t y" t or egul at e commer cewi t hf or ei gn nat i ons,and among t he severalSt at es,andwi t ht heI ndi anTri bes. " I tmustbeconceded t hatwi t hi nt hemeani ngoft heConst i t ut i on,t hePhi l i ppi ne I sl andsi snotaSt at eoft heUni t edSt at es,t hati ti snotaTri beofI ndi ans,andt hati t i snotaf orei gn nat i on. We have gi ven t hi s case t he car ef ul consi der at i on whi ch i t si mpor t ance deserves,andar ecl ear l yoft heopi ni on t hatt heacti n quest i on,i snotadel egat i on of l egi sl at i vepowert ot heFi berBoar d,and t hatt hepower sgi ven byt heLegi sl at ur et o t heboar daref oran admi ni st r at i vepurposes,t oenf orceandcarryoutt hei nt entoft he l aw.
RITONG,etal .v.I NSULAR COLLECTOR OFCUSTOMS G. R.No.L32160 Februar y17,1930 Do c t r i ne :Thewi f eandc hi l do faChi ne s er e s i de nto ft hePhi l i ppi neI s l andswhowasno t a me r c h anta tt he t i me t he y fil e dt he i rpe t i t i o nf o radmi s s i o n ar e no te n t i t l e dt o be admi t t ed upon suc h pet i t i on,not wi t hst andi ng t he f actt hatsai d Chi naman was l at er e ndo r s edasme r c h antbyt heI ns ul aro fCus t o msaf t e rt hede ni alo ft hepe t i t i o n.
FACTS:RiTong ( NgBeng Tong) ,and ChuaSi u Na,bot h ofChi nes enat i onal i t y , al i as arr i ve di nt heseI sl andson Oct ober21,1927andappl i edf oradmi ssi on ast hemi nor son andt hewi f e,r espect i vel y,ofRiSuy,anal l egedChi nesemerchantr esi di nghere. Thei nvest i gat i on madebyt heCust omsBoar d ofSpeci alI nqui r yon Mar ch 1, 1929 showed t haton Oct ober10,1919,t hechi efoft hei mmi gr at i on di vi si on oft he Bur eau ofCust omsi ssued i nf avorofRiSuya cer t i ficat eofl andi ngand r esi dence, dul yappr ovedby t heCol l ect orofCust omsoft hePor tofMani l a,ast he18ye arol d mi norsonofar esi dentChi nesemer chant ,notal abor er .Accor di ngt oi nt er nalr evenue t axcer t i ficat e,i ssuedbyt heBur eau ofI nt er nalReve nue,RiSuybegan busi nessonl y dur i ngt hesecond quart erof1918,andwi t hdrew on Dec ember31,oft hesameye ar . On t hesamedat e,Mar ch1,1929,RiSuyappl i edunderoat ht ot heI nsul arCol l ec t or ofCust oms,f or an i ndorse ment showi ng t hat he i sa r es i dent Chi nes e mer chant ent i t l edt oadmi ssi on i nt ot hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands,af t erat emporaryabsencet her ef r om. Theappl i cat i on havi ngbeen deni ed byt hechi efoft hedi vi si on havi ngchar geoft he mat t er ,on t hegr oundt hathehadbeenengagedi n busi nessf orl esst hatoneyear ,Ri Suyappeal edt ot heI nsul arCol l ect orofCust oms. On appealf r om t hi s deci si on oft he board ofspeci ali nqui ry t ot he I nsul ar Col l ect orofCust oms,t hel at t erconfir med sai d deci si on on Apr i l2,1929.Lat eron, t hati s,onAugust12,1929, Lower Cour t Rul i ng: Upon t he st r engt h of t he deni al of t he appl i cat i on f or i ndor se mentfil ed by RiSuyasa mer chant ,t heboar d ofspeci ali nqui r ydeni ed t he al i as appl i cat i on f oradmi ssi on fil edbyRiTong( NgBengTong) ,and ChuaSi u Na,as mi norson andwi f e,r espect i vel y,ofRiSuy Appel l at e Cour tRul i ng:t heI nsul arCol l ect orofCust omsre ve r sed t heBoard and sust ai ned t he appealwi t hr es pectt ot he i ndorse ment ,and i ndor se d RiSuy as a Chi nes emer chant . I SSUE:Whet hert hewi f eand ami norchi l d ofa Chi nes emer chantwhowasnota mer chantatt het i mesai dwi f eandmi norc hi l darri vedi nt heseI sl andsandappl i edf or t hei radmi ssi on,maybeadmi t t edi nt hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands. RATI O T : hi scour t ,i nt hecaseofTan Guan Si envs. Col l ect orofCust oms( 31 Phi l . , 56) ,hel d:
ALLI ENS;CHI NESE EXCLUSI ON AND DEPORTATI ON;CHANGE OF STATUS AFTER ATTEMPT TO ENTER. — The r i ght of a Chi neseal i ent oent ert err i t oryoft heUni t edSt at esdependsupon hi sst at usatt het i meofhi sappl i cat i on.I fhewasnotamer chant att hatt i me,hei snotper mi t t ed t o ent eron t het heoryt hathe becameame r chantdur i ngt hatt i mewhen hewaswai t i ngf ort he deci si on oft hepr operaut hori t i es. al i as Aswehaveseen,RiSuy ,f at herand husband ofRiTong( NgBengTong) , and Chua Si u Na,r es pect i ve l y ,had been engaged i n busi nes sonl ydur i ngt het hr ee l astquart er soft heyear1928.Ther ef ore ,when t heappl i cant sarr i vedatt hepartof Mani l a,andfil edt hei rpet i t i on f oradmi ssi on on Oct ober21,1927,RiSuywasnotye t amer chant ,and,accor di ngt ot hel aw andr ul i ngabovequot ed,hi swi f eandhi smi nor chi l d,respecti vel y,werenotent i t l ed t oent ert hePhi l i ppi neI sl ands.Thef actt hathe af t erwardsbecameamer chantdoesnotcur et hedef ect ,nordoesi tgi vehi swi f eand son t heri ghtt oent ert hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsundert heori gi nalappl i cat i on wi t houtt he cert i ficat erequi r edbysect i on6ofsai dActofCongressofJul y5,1884. Ther ecanbenodoubtt hatasRiSuysubsequent l yacqui r edt hechar act erofa Chi nes e mer chantr es i di ng i nt he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands,and was so i ndor se d by t he I nsul arCol l ect orofCust oms,hi swi f eandchi l dal soacqui r edt heri ghtt obeadmi t t ed i nt othePhi l i ppi neI sl ands. Fort hef oregoi ngconsi der at i ons,wear eoft heopi ni on andsohol dt hatt hewi f e and mi nor chi l d ofa Chi nes er es i dent oft he Phi l i ppi ne I sl ands,who was not a mer chantatt het i mesai dwi f eand mi norchi l d fil edt hei rpet i t i on f oradmi ssi on,are notent i t l ed t o be admi t t ed upon such pet i t i on,not wi t hst andi ng t he f actt hatsai d Chi naman wasl at eroni ndors edasmer chantaf t ert hedeni aloft hepet i t i on.Byvi rt ue wher eof ,t hej udgme ntappeal edf r om i sr ever sed,wi t houtpr ej udi cet ot heappl i cant s' ri ghtt orenew t hei rpet i t i onf oradmi ssi on.
I N RE: EDWARD RANDOLPH HI X.
A. W.FLUEMER v.ANNI E COUSHI NG HI X G. R.No.L32636Mar ch17,1930 Do c t r i ne :Thel awsofaf o r e i g nj ur i s di c t i o ndono tpr o v et he ms el v esi nc o ur t s .Thec our t s o ft he Phi l i ppi ne I s l ands ar e no taut ho r i z e dt ot ake j udi c i alno t i c eo ft he l aws o ft he v ar i o usSt at e so ft heAme r i c a nUni o n. Theduee x ec ut i o no fawi l lal l e g edt ohav ebe e ne x e c ut e di nano t he rj ur i s di c t i o n mus tbees t abl i s he d.Whe r et hewi t ne s st ot hewi l lr e s i dewi t ho utt hePhi l i ppi neI s l ands , i ti st hedut yo ft hepe t i t i o ne rt opr o v ee x ec ut i o nb ys o meot he rme ans . Wher ei ti sdes i r edt oe st abl i s ht hee xe cut i onofawi l li nano t herj ur i sdi c t i on,i ti s ne c e s sar yt opr o v et hatt het e s t at o rhad hi sdo mi c i l ei nt hatj ur i s di c t i o n and no ti nt he Phi l i ppi neI s l ands . Whe r ei ti sde si r e dt opr o v et hepr o bat eo ft hewi l li nano t he rj ur i s di c t i o nandt he appo i nt me nti nt hatj ur i s di c t i o no fa n admi ni s t r at o rf o rt hee s t at eo ft hede c e as ed,t he movi ng par t y mustc ompl y wi t ht he pr ovi si ons of t he Code of Ci vi lPr oc edur e by r e q ue s t i ngahe ar i ngo nt heque s t i o no ft heal l o wanc eo fawi l ls ai dt ohav ebe e npr o v e d andal l o we di nano t he rj ur i s di c t i o n.
FACTS:I ti st heoryoft hepet i t i oner ,asspeci aladmi ni st rat oroft heest at e,t hatt he al l ege d wi l lwasexec ut ed i n El ki ns,Wes tVi r gi ni a,on November3,1925,byHi xwho hadhi sr esi dencei nt hatj uri sdi ct i on,andt hatt hel awsofWestVi rgi ni agovernTot hi s end,t her ewassubmi t t edacopyoft heWes tVi r gi ni aCodeand ascer t i fiedt obyt he Di rect oroft heNat i onalLi brary. Lower Court Rul i ng: Judge ofFi r st I nst ance Tuason deni ed t he pr obat e oft he documental l egedt obyt hel astwi l landt est amentoft hedeceased. Appel l at eCour tRul i ng : hel T owercour tj udgme nti saffir me d. I SSUE: Whet herornott hepr obat eoft hewi l lshoul dbeal l owed. RATI O T : heevi dencessubmi t t edbyt hepet i t i onerwasf arf r om acompl i ancewi t ht he l aw.The l aws ofa f or ei gn j ur i sdi ct i on do notprov et hemsel vesi n ourcourt s.t he cour t soft hePhi l i ppi neI sl andsarenotaut hori zedt ot akeAmer i can Uni on.Suchl aws mustbeprov edasf act s.Her et her equi r ement soft hel aw wer enotmet .Ther ewasno showi ng t hatt he book f r om whi ch an ext r actwas t aken waspr i nt ed orpubl i shed undert he aut hori t y oft he St at e ofWestVi r gi ni a,as pr ovi ded i nt he Code ofCi vi l Pr ocedur e.Norwast heext r actf r om t hel aw at t es t ed by t hecer t i ficat eoft heofficer havi ngchar geoft heori gi nal ,undert hesal eoft heSt at eofWestVi r gi ni a,aspr ovi ded i nt heCodeofCi vi lPr ocedur e.Noevi dencewasi nt r oducedt oshow t hatt heext r act f r om t hel awsofWestVi r gi ni awasi nf orceatt het i met heal l egedwi l lwasexecut ed.
