API-570 Examination Preparation Course Practice Examination #6 Closed Book 1. !at s!ould "e done at su"seuent inspection o$ car"on steel pipin% circuits& in caustic ser'ice& t!at (ere ori%inall) stressed relie'ed* a+ Brinell !ardness tests s!ould "e per$ormed at t!e $irst inspection inter'al "+ ,e'er ,e'er !ammer test t!ese t!ese s)stems s)stems c+ Per$orm ma%netic particle examination $or crackin% d+ !ese s)stems reuire inspections at more $reuent. at least t(ice& inter'als . !e $ollo(in% t!icknesses (ere o"tainin% at one test point in a t!ickness measurement location/ 0.176& 0.0& 0.1& and 0.1. !ic! t!ickness s!ould "e used to calculate t!e corrosion rate& remainin% li$e& and t!e next inspection date* a+ 0.176 "+ 0.0 c+ 0.1 d+ 0.1 2. Accordin% to API 3P-57& (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% is t!e most correct statement re%ardin% a positi'e material identi$ication 4PI+ testin% pro%ram in a (are!ouse* a+ Can "e an alternati'e to PI testin% o$ a $a"ricated pipin% s)stem "+ Is onl) onl) applica"le applica"le to 'al'es& 'al'es& $lan%es& $lan%es& $ittin%s& $ittin%s& and and ot!er small small parts parts c+ I$ t!e material test reports are supplied& t!en PI testin% at t!e (are!ouse is not necessar) d+ are!ouse PI testin% s!ould ne'er "e re%arded as an alternati'e to testin% t!e $a"ricated pipin% s)stem . All en'ironmental crackin% disco'ered durin% an in-ser'ice inspection s!ould "e e'aluated ") a+ A certi$ied (eldin% inspector 4CI+ "+ !e API-570 API-570 pipin% pipin% inspector inspector c+ !e pipin% en%ineer d+ 8peratin% personnel 5. Accordin% to B16.5& (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% is not reuired to "e marked on a $lan%e* a+ anu$acturer9s name or markin% "+ Pressure Pressure ratin% ratin% c+ aterial speci$ication d+ emperature ran%e
6. A pipin% s)stem& located inside t!e "oundar) limits 4I:B;+ o$ an operatin% unit. contains !)drocar"ons t!at (ould 'apori
ust reseal t!e t!e ?oint to to pre'ent pre'ent $urt!er $urt!er (ater in%ress in%ress c+ ake t!ickness measurements on t!e pipin% six inc!es a"o'e t!e inter$ace d+ Inspect t!e ?oint at %rade and take pit dept! measurements @. Accordin% to A:E :ection I& (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% must "e on e'er) procedure uali$ication record 4P3+* a+ !e completed P3 s!all address all essential and nonessential 'aria"les o$ t!e (eldin% process "+ !e P3 P3 s!all "e "e certi$ied certi$ied accurate accurate ") t!e manu$acturer manu$acturer or contract contractor or c+ !e ?oint desi%n suc! as %roo'e desi%n& root spacin%& etc. d+ !e minimum and maximum "ase metal t!ickness ran%e uali$ied 10. =o( is t!e $irst t!ickness measurement inter'al esta"lis!ed $or ne(l) installed pipin% s)stems* a+ 8n stream determination a$ter 00 !ours o$ ser'ice "+ sin% t!e actual actual t!ickness t!ickness minus minus t!e minimum minimum t!ickness t!ickness and di'ide di'ide ") t(o c+ 8(nerDuser9s experience (it! similar ser'ice d+ sin% t!e manu$acturers corrosion rate calculations 11. In-ser'ice ultrasonic t!ickness measurements& o$ an ,P: 20 'apor line& re'ealed t!innin% in t!e !eat a$$ected
sc!eduled do(ntime& (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% (ould "e t!e "est met!od to determine t!e extent o$ deterioration* a+ Pro$ile radio%rap!) o$ t!e (eld "+ Internal inspection c+ 100G radio%rap!) o$ t!e (elds d+ ltrasonic A-scan o$ t!e el"o( 1. Hasteners and components attac!ed ") t!reads or "olted to a pipin% s)stem !a'e a %reater potential $or a+ replacement (it! improper components "+ "rittle $racture o$ "oltin% materials c+ c!loride stress corrosion crackin% d+ car"uri
c+ !e num"er o$ ; on eac! 'al'e d+ nusual t!innin% or corrosion noted durin% repairs or ser'ice 17. !at is t!e pneumatic test pressure $or a pipin% s)stem desi%ned $or 200psi at 700JH (it! an allo(a"le stress at desi%n temperature o$ 15000psi and 0000psi at test temperature* a+ 7psi "+ 0psi c+ 220psi d+ 600psi 1. =istoricall)& material non-con$ormances (it! t!e %reatest num"er o$ serious conseuences !a'e in'ol'ed a+ :tainless steel in Inconel pipin% s)stems "+ Car"on steel components in stainless steel pipin% s)stems c+ Car"on steel components in lo( allo) pipin% s)stems d+ ;o( allo) components in stainless pipin% s)stems 1@. Accordin% to API 3P 57& (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% is not one o$ t!e $our speci$ic items t!at s!ould "e used $or a num"er or codin% s)stem identi$ication* a+ !e ori%inal construction code "+ !e process unit c+ !e pipin% s)stem d+ !e circuit 0. !at is t!e corrosion rate $or a ; t!at !ad "ase-line t!ickness measurement o$ 0.2 taken on a) 21& 000 and on >une 1& 006 t!ickness measurements at t!e same ; produced an actual t!ickness o$ 0.2* a+ 0.0150 per )ear "+ 0.005 per )ear c+ 0.0500 per )ear d+ 0.050 per )ear 1. API-570 states t!at an examiner a+ ust "e an API-570 aut!ori
. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% pro'ides accepta"le e'idence t!at a radio%rap!ic examination tec!niue is in accordance (it! A:E :ection * a+ Personnel are certi$ied to A:, C 1A "+ :uccess$ul completion o$ t!e s)stem pressure test c+ Proo$ t!at t!e II and densit) are (it!in t!e limits o$ t!e code d+ Accepta"le radio%rap!ic $ilm ima%es (it! no re?ected de$ects in production and repair (elds 2. A pipin% s)stem !as a calculated minimum reuired t!ickness o$ 0.20. Based on t!e $ollo(in% t!ickness measurement in$ormation& (!at is t!e s!ortest remainin% li$e o$ t!e pipin% s)stem* Kears o$ 8peration 0 2 a+ 7 )ears "+ 2.5 )ears c+ .5 )ears d+ 5 )ears
all !ickness 0.55 0.0 0.15
. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% need not "e considered in speci$)in% pipin% $or ori%inal installation* a+:tresses caused ") ot!er loads "+!reads c+Corrosion allo(ance d+API 570 s)stem classi$ication 5. A "olt is considered $ull) en%a%ed pro'ided a+ It extends completel) t!rou%! t!e nut (it! a minimum o$ one t!read exposed "+ It extends completel) t!rou%! t!e nut (it! a minimum o$ t(o t!reads exposed c+ It extends t!rou%! t!e nut so it is no more t!an one t!read s!ort d+ It extends t!rou%! t!e nut so it is no more t!an t(o t!reads s!ort 6. !e o(ner decides to conduct a pneumatic pressure test in stead o$ a !)drostatic test. due to t!e installed pipin% s)stem9s in a"ilit) to support t!e (ei%!t o$ liuid t!at (ould "e used $or t!e test. !e s)stem is desi%ned $or 200psi (it! an allo(a"le stress 'alue at desi%n temperature o$ I 2000psi and 0000psi at test temperature. !at is t!e accepta"le pneumatic test pressure* a+ 200psi "+ 220psi c+ 50psi
d+ 6@0psi 7. !at is t!e maximum production plate t!ickness uali$ied $or a :A (eldin% procedure speci$ication i$ t!e test coupon t!ickness (as 51* a+ .0 "+ 1.5 c+ 1.5 d+ 0.65 . =o( o$ten must t!e risk "ased inspection assessment $or an API-570 Class I pipin% s)stem& "e made* a+ 3isk "ased inspection is not permitted on Class I s)stems "+ E'er) t!ree )ears c+ E'er) $i'e )ears d+ E'er) ten )ears @. A $illet (elded external patc!& to "e installed o'er a pipin% s)stem de$ect a+ ust "e desi%ned ") a pipin% en%ineer "+ Is ne'er permitted c+ Is considered a permanent repair d+ Foes not reuire rounded corners 20. !ickness measurements on a sul$uric acid pipin% circuit indicate se'ere internal (all loss ?ust do(nstream o$ a $lan%ed ?unction. !e s)stem is reported to "e A-52 and t!e pipe is lined. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% (ould )ou attri"ute t!e (all loss to* a+ all t!innin% is expected in acid ser'ice "+ !e pipe manu$acturer $a"ricated t!e pipe outside t!e permitted under tolerance c+ !e linin% !as $ailed d+ ur"ulence due to t!e $lan%ed ?oint 21. elded repairs are to "e made on A-52 Lr. B pipe. !e am"ient temperature is "elo( 2JH and t!e electrode diameter (ill not exceed 5D2. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% electrode must "e used* a+ ,o (eldin% is permitted "elo( 20JH "+ ;o( =)dro%en c+ ;o( allo) d+ ;o( ductilit) 2. An imper$ection o$ a t)pe or ma%nitude exceedin% t!e accepta"le criteria is kno(n as aDan
a+Fiscontinuit) "+$Ia( c+ Indication d+ de$ect 22. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% $luid ser'ices is speci$icall) API-570 applica"le to* a+ 3a(& intermediate& and $inis!ed petroleum products "+ Cate%or) MF $luid ser'ice as de$ined in A:E B2 1.2 c+ condensate d+ utilit) streams 2. !at (ould "e t!e most appropriate action $or an inspector to take (!en inspection re'eals t!at t!e pipe s!oes on a line !a'e mo'ed o$$ t!e primar) supports and are !an%in% on t!e "eams* !is is pre'entin% t!e line to return to its cold position. a+ =a'e t!e s!oes replaced (it! lon%er s!oes "+ Consult a pipin% en%ineer to e'aluate t!e stresses in t!e pipe c+ 3ecommend anc!ors and stops in t!e pipin% support s)stem d+ :peci$) a re-desi%n o$ t!e supports to permit more mo'ement 25. !at is t!e permitted temperature 'ariance "et(een t!e cali"ration "lock and t!e part to "e examined in ultrasonic examination* a+ 15JH "+ 100JH c+ 5JH d+ 0JH 26. In pipe caps& corroded areas e'idenced ") local t!innin% a+ a) "e i%nored in small "ore pipin% "+ a) "e i%nored pro'ided t!e) are less t!an 10G o$ total area o$ t!e cap c+ a) "e e'aluated usin% t!e principles o$ API-57@ d+ a) "e i%nored pro'ided t!e) do not decrease t!e cap t!ickness more t!an 50G o$ t!e ori%inal t!ickness 27. Actual measured t!ickness is 0.25& t!e minimum reuired t!ickness is 0.5& and t!e corrosion rate !as "een determined to "e 0.005 per )ear. !en is t!e next t!ickness measurement reuired to "e sc!eduled on t!is Class 2 pipin% s)stem* a+ !ree )ears "+ Hi'e )ears c+ en )ears d+ Hi$teen )ears
2. NA %roo'e in t!e "ase metal at t!e toe o$ t!e (eld is t!e de$inition o$ (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in%* a+ Incomplete penetration "+ ;ack o$ side(all $usion c+ Incomplete $illin% o$ t!e (eld root d+ ndercut 2@. !ic! inspection tec!niue is most appropriate $or a Class 1& ,P: 1& car"on steel pipin% s)stem& and t!at operates at 00JH* a+ ltrasonic t!ickness measurements "+ Pressure testin% c+ Edd) current testin% d+ 3adio%rap!ic pro$ile 0. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% is not a reuirement $or acceptance o$ a $inal closure (eld in a modi$ied s)stem pipin% t!at (ill "e pressure tested* a+ ;iuid penetrant or ma%netic particle examination o$ t!e root pass and completed (eld "+ !e closure (eld must "e a $ull penetration c+ !e pipin% en%ineer s!all per$orm $inite element anal)sis o$ t!e (eld d+ !e rest o$ t!e ne( pipin% must "e pressure tested 1. Car"on steel pipin% s)stems are most suscepti"le to corrosion under insulation (!en t!e) operate (it!in (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% temperature ran%es* a+ Bet(een -0JH and 50JH "+ Bet(een 5JH and 50J H c+ Bet(een 150JH and 50JH d+ Bet(een 150JH and 00JH . An in ser'ice pipin% s)stem is "ein% re-classi$ied to Class 1. !e pre'ious inter'al& $or t!ickness measurements& (as 6 )ears. Li'en t!e $ollo(in%& (!at s!ould t!e ne( t!ickness measurement inter'al "e* ,o 3BI (as per$ormed. Current measured t!ickness 0.0 inimum reuired t!ickness 0.1@ Pro?ected corrosion rate 0.00 per )ear a+ 6 )ears "+ 2 )ears c+ 1 )ears d+ 1.5 )ears
2. ,otc! tou%!ness testin% is to "e per$ormed in t!e uali$ication o$ a (eldin% procedure. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% notc! tou%!ness testin% met!od is used $or compliance (it! A:E B21.2* a+ Brinell test "+ Impact test c+ Luided "end test d+ =)drostatic test . Hlamma"le petroleum process pipin% s)stems ma) "e classi$ied as Class 2 pro'ided t!e s)stem contains a+ Hinis!ed product "ein% pumped to a remote "ooster station "+ aste %as used to $uel an on site !eater c+ 8n site nap!t!a (it! no !)dro%en sul$ide d+ An!)drous !)dro%en c!loride 5. :u"stitutin% nondestructi'e examination $or a pressure test $ollo(in% an alteration a+ Is ne'er permitted "+ Lenerall) accepta"le c+ 3euires consultation (it! t!e inspector and pipin% en%ineer d+ ust compl) (it! B21.2 6. it! re%ard to ne( connections& "ein% installed in an existin% pipin% s)stem& (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% is t!e correct statement* a+ !ese connections are al(a)s considered an alteration "+ Hull radio%rap!) is reuired c+ !e) must "e located do(nstream o$ an) control 'al'e d+ !e) s!all "e desi%ned in accordance (it! t!e applica"le Code 7. An ,P: pipin% s)stem (as installed in >une 1@@. At t!e time o$ installation& "aseline t!ickness measurements indicated t!e pipe (all to "e 0.. In >anuar) o$ 1@@ t!ickness measurements re'ealed a (all t!ickness o$ 0. and six mont!s later t!ickness measurements (ere taken a%ain (it! a resultin% (all t!ickness o$ .0. !e >anuar) 006 inspection re'ealed t!e (all t!ickness to "e .1@. Based on t!is in$ormation& (!at is t!e lon% term corrosion rate* a+ 0.00lper)ear "+ 0.00 per )ear c+ 0.002 per )ear d+ 0.00 per )ear . ltrasonic t!ickness measurement accurac) is a$$ected ") all "ut (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in%*
a+ emperature a"o'e 150H "+ External coatin% c+ !ickness %reater t!an 1D d+ Instrument cali"ration @. nder certain conditions& en'ironmental crackin% o$ car"on steel can occur in t!e presence o$ a+ C!loride "+ Amine c+ ,ap!t!enic acid d+ Pol)t!ionic acid 50. Furin% t!e inspection o$ a section o$ "uried pipin%& a trenc! ei%!t $eet deep is du% to expose t!e pipe. Prior to personnel enterin% t!e trenc! to take t!ickness measurements& (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% must "e done* a+ Conduct soil resisti'it) sur'e) (it!in ten $eet o$ t!e exca'ation "+ Ensure t!e (alls o$ t!e trenc! are properl) s!ored c+ Conduct a liuid pressure test d+ Clean all loose paint and scale o$$ t!e entire len%t! o$ exposed pipe 51. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% is cause $or re?ection o$ t!e NB ima%e on an 3 $ilm* a+ An) ima%e "+ ,o ima%e c+ Fark ima%e d+ ;i%!t ima%e 5. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% (ould "e "est suited $or $indin% an o"struction in pipin%* a+ a%netic particle examination "+ Acoustic emission testin% c+ 3adio%rap!) d+ ltrasonic 52. !at is t!e maximum inter'al $or t!ickness measurements (!en risk "ased inspection met!ods are not used* a+ !ree )ears "+ Hi'e )ears c+ en )ears d+ Fetermined ") pipin% classi$ication 5. Accordin% to :ection I& (elders (!o pass t!e reuired tests in t!e 6-L position are uali$ied $or
a+ Lroo'e and $illet (elds onl) in t!e 6-L position "+ Lroo'e and $illet (elds in all positions c+ Lroo'e (elds in t!e 6-L position and $illet (elds onl) in t!e -L position d+ Lroo'e (elds onl) in t!e -0 position and $illet (elds in all positions 55. Accordin% to A:E B21.2 and API-570& !)drostatic tests s!all "e !eld $or a+ ,ot more t!at 10 minutes "+ ,ot less t!an 10 minutes c+ ,ot more t!an one !our d+ ,ot less t!an one !our 56. ;ocali
"+ ake t!e pipin% s)stem out o$ ser'ice c+ !e area must "e a"rasi'e "last cleaned to permit proper inspection d+ As lon% as no leaka%e is e'ident li$tin% o$ t!e pipe is not recommended 61. Accordin% to A:E :ection & !o( are (ire t)pe IIs to "e placed* a+ 8n t!e (eld so t!at t!e len%t! o$ t!e (ire is parallel to t!e (eld "+ 8n t!e (eld so t!at t!e len%t! o$ t!e (ire is perpendicular to t!e (eld c+ Ad?acent to t!e (eld so t!at t!e len%t! o$ t!e (ire is parallel to t!e (eld d+ Ad?acent to t!e (eld so t!at t!e len%t! o$ t!e (ire is perpendicular to t!e (eld 6. nder (!ic! circumstance ma) a (elder "e uali$ied ") a 3 o$ a production (eld in stead o$ on a coupon* a+ !en t!e (elder9s $irst 1 o$ production (eld pass 3 "+ elders can not "e uali$ied t!is (a) $or pipe (eldin% c+ !en t!e (elders $irst 6 o$ production (eld pass 3 d+ !en t!e (elder9s $irst 6 o$ production (eld pass 3 and !e onl) (elds :BP pipin% s)stems 62. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% t)pe o$ 'al'e (ould make pi%%in% impossi"le* a+ Ball 'al'e "+ Late 'al'e c+ Llo"e 'al'e d+ :lide 'al'e 6. !at t)pe o$ document is A:, 3ecommended Practice :,-C-1A* a+ :tandard set o$ ,FE procedures t!at are pre-uali$ied "+ Focument co'erin% ,FE personnel uali$ications c+ Focument co'erin% ,FE procedures d+ Focument co'erin% sa$et) procedures $or o(nerDusers 65. In re'ie(in% t!e pre'ious inspection report& )ou disco'er t!at t!e corrosion rate (as calculated incorrectl). !at rate must "e used $or t!e next inspection period* a+ !e rate s!ould "e c!an%ed to t!e actual rate $ound "+ !e rate s!ould "e "ased on t!e s!ort term rate $rom t!e report c+ !e rate s!ould "e "ased on t!e a'era%e s!ort and lon% term rates $rom t!e report d+ ,o action is necessar) until t!e corrosion rate is con$irmed at t!e next inspection 66. Accordin% to API-570 and A:E B21.2& (eldin% s!all not "e per$ormed i$ t!e (eld area is a+ Belo( 09H
"+ A"o'e 10JH c+ In an inert atmosp!ere d+ Hrosted or (et 67. API-570 recommends t!at t!e sur$ace conditions o$ "uried pipeline pat!s "e 'isuall) sur'e)ed at (!at inter'al* a+ 6 mont!s "+ 1 mont!s c+ 1 mont!s d+ Based on t!e soil corrosi'it) 6. !en t!e corrosion rate $or a pipin% s)stem cannot "e determined ") similar ser'ice. initial t!ickness measurements s!ould "e taken (it!in a+ 2 mont!s "+ 6 mont!s c+ @ mont!s d+ 1 mont!s 6@. A pipin% s)stem used in 'apor ser'ice reuires pressure testin%. !e supports $or t!is s)stem (ere not desi%ned $or a !)drostatic test. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% is an accepta"le alternati'e to t!e !)drostatic test* a+ :ensiti'e leak test "+ Pneumatic test c+ acuum test d+ s!ear-(a'e o$ all (elds 70. A crack repair can "e considered permanent i$ a+ A $ull encirclement split slee'e is installed per API-570 "+ !e pipin% component is pressure tested to 1.5 times t!e AP c+ !e (eld %roo'e completel) remo'es t!e de$ect and is t!en $illed (it! (eld metal d+ A "ox t)pe enclosure is installed 71. !ic! i$ t!e $ollo(in% metals is most suscepti"le to se'ere metal loss under !i%! 'elocit) conditions* a+ Aluminum and copper "+ 200 series stainless steel c+ onel d+ itanium 7. !at is t!e (all t!ickness 'alue to "e used (!en recalculatin% t!e AP o$ an inser'ice pipin% s)stem*
a+ !e actual t!ickness measured "+ !e actual t!ickness measured minus t!e estimated corrosion loss "e$ore t!e next inspection c+ !e actual t!ickness measured minus t(ice t!e estimated corrosion loss "e$ore t!e next inspection d+ !e actual t!ickness measured minus $our times t!e estimated corrosion loss "e$ore t!e next inspection 72. In radio%rap!)& location markers t!at are to appear as radio%rap!ic ima%es s!all "e placed a+ 8n t!e "ack o$ t!e $ilm !older "+ 8n or ad?acent to t!e (eld next to t!e II c+ Bet(een t!e $ilm and t!e part "ein% radio%rap!ed d+ 8n t!e part "ein% radio%rap!ed 7. Pipin% inspection records t!at pro'ide desi%n in$ormation and dra(in%s s!all "e updated prior to a+ 3e-ratin% t!e pipin% s)stem "+ Completion o$ a !)drostatic test c+ 3epair a portion o$ t!e s)stem t!at corroded to "elo( minimum t!ickness d+ akin% t!ickness measurements on t!e pipin% s)stem 75. In addition to t!e inspector9s aut!ori
7. Accordin% to A:E :ection & (!at is t!e $ilm densit) ran%e $or sin%le $ilm 'ie(in% $or radio%rap!s made (it! a %amma ra) source* a+ .05 to .0 "+ 1.2 to .0 c+ 1. to .0 d+ .0 to .0 7@. !en esta"lis!in% ;s in an in?ect circuit& (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% is t!e most important* a+ Fo(nstream $rom t!e in?ected $luid on t!e pipe (all "+ 1 $eet upstream o$ t!e in?ection point c+ 8n t!e in?ection no<
. API-570 states t!at pota"le (ater s!ould "e used in !)drostatic testin% o$ (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% materials* a+ 5Cr-.5o "+ 200 series stainless c+ Car"on steel d+ onel 5. ; readin%s on a pipin% s)stem indicate t!at t!e corrosion rate !as increased. !e inspector9s most appropriate response is to a+ 3ecalculate t!e pipin% circuit a'era%e corrosion rate "+ :c!edule t!e next inspection (it!in six mont!s c+ 3eport t!e c!an%e to t!e maintenance department d+ 3ecalculate t!e inspection inter'al o$ t!e s)stem 6. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% is most correct re%ardin% t!e placement o$ ;s durin% inspection o$ small "ore t!readed connections* a+ ;s are not mandator) $or small "ore t!readed connections "+ ;s are not reuired on insulated pipin% a"o'e 200:H c+ C!oose onl) t!e ;s t!at can "e radio%rap!ed durin% sc!eduled inspections d+ C!oose onl) t!e ;s t!at can !a'e insulation plu%s remo'ed durin% sc!eduled inspections 7. 8$ t!e $ollo(in% (!o can appro'e exceptions to pre!eat temperature used in makin% repairs* a+ !e inspector "+ !e o(nerDuser c+ !e pipin% en%ineer d+ A metallur%ist . 8n "uried pipin%. Lenerall)& t!e lo(er t!e soil resisti'it)& t!e a+ ;o(er t!e potential $or soil moisture retention "+ !e %reater t!e inspection inter'al c+ =i%!er t!e external corrosion rate d+ ;ess need $or cat!odic protection @. Fe$ormation o$ a pressure 'essel (all& in t!e 'icinit) o$ a pipe attac!ment& is noticed durin% an inspection. !at is t!e most appropriate action to take* a+ ,oti$) t!e pressure 'essel inspector t!at !eDs!e ma) !a'e a pro"lem and $or%et it "+ 3ecommend an immediate s!utdo(n o$ t!e unit c+ C!eck $or pipin% misali%nment
d+ eri$) t!e allo(a"le de$ormation in accordance (it! A:E :ection III& Fi'. I @0. ;ocal P= ma) "e considered $or pipin% repairs under all o$ t!e $ollo(in% conditions except (!en t!e a+ aterial !as !i%!er t!an @G c!rome "+ Pipin% s)stem is %reater t!an ,P: 1 c+ !ickness o$ t!e pipin% (all is %reater t!an 0.5 d+ P= is $or en'ironmental crackin% @1. 3 Pro$ile examination o$ an in-ser'ice pipin% s)stem re'eals crack like indications. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% (ould normall) "e included durin% $urt!er inspection* a+ Internal 'isual inspection "+ ;iuid penetrant examination c+ et $luorescent ma%netic particle examination d+ eld ualit) 3& . or "ot! @. =olida) sur'e)s are used to e'aluate a+ ,eed $or coatin% repairs "+ !e e$$ecti'eness o$ cat!odic protection c+ Coatin% t!ickness d+ !e need $or additional anodes @2. !en an area o$ metal loss& t!at exceeds t!e corrosion allo(ance& it s!ould "e e'aluated in accordance (it! t!e principles o$ (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in%* a+ API-57@ "+ A:E :ection III& Fi'ision I c+ A:E B2l.2 d+ A:E :ection III& Fi'ision @. Inspection o$ Class secondar) process small "ore pipin% is a+ Per$ormed at t!e same inter'als as Class primar) pipin% "+ 8utside t!e scope o$ API-570 c+ Per$ormed at t!e same inter'als as in?ection points d+ 8ptional @5. In $ield positi'e material identi$ication acti'it)& all o$ t!e $ollo(in% met!ods ma) "e used except a+ -ra) $luorescent anal)
d+ 8ptical spectro%rap!ic @6. !ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% (ould not "e appropriate $or measurin% skin temperature o$ !ot spots in pipin% s)stems* a+ emperature indicatin% paints "+ =i%! temperature ultrasonic examination c+ !ermo%rap!) d+ Porta"le t!ermocouple @7. !e appro'al o$ a pipin% en%ineer is not reuired (!en a+ Pressure testin% a$ter repairs "+ 3epairin% dama%ed areas (it! $ull encirclement (elded split slee'es c+ 3e-ratin% a pipin% s)stem d+ Appl)in% pre-!eat in lieu o$ P= @. nless risk-"ased inspection met!ods are used& 'isual external inspection o$ pipin% s)stems s!ould "e conducted at no more t!an (!ic! o$ t!e $ollo(in% inter'als* a+ Hi'e )ears $or Class I or Class s)stems "+ Hi'e )ears $or Class 2 s)stems c+ en )ears $or Class s)stems d+ !ree )ears $or Class 1 s)stems
