LIC & AC Lab Manual
CBCS Scheme
15ECL48
Adder, Integrator and Differentiator Aim: To design Adder, Integrator and Differentiator using Op-Amp. Components Required: Sl No
Equipment/Component
Range
1
IC 741
1
2
Resistor
1kΩ, 1.5 KΩ, 10 KΩ, 15
Quantity 1 3, 2, 1, 1, 2
KΩ, 100 Ω, 3
Capacitors
0.1µF, 0.01 µF, 0.005 µF
1, 1, 1
4
Regulated Power supply
(0 – 30V),1A
1
5
Function Generator
-
1
6
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
-
1
7
Multimeter
-
1
8
Connecting Wires
-
1 set
Theory: Circuit Diagrams: 1. Adder: Circuit Diagram:
Figure 1: Adder Circuit Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
CBCS Scheme
15ECL48
Applying KCL to node A, ------ (1)
From the concept of virtual ground at node A, VA = 0 hence,
Say if R1 = R2 then, ------- (2)
Selecting R1 = R2 =
=1k
Tabulation: Sl No 1 2 3
V1 Volts 2.5
V2 Volts Vo Volts 2.5 -5
Calculations: Case1: Vo = - (V1 + V2) If V1 = 2.5V and V2 = 2.5V, then Vo = - (2.5 + 2.5) = - 5V.
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
CBCS Scheme
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Procedures for Adder:
Circuit is rigged up as shown in Figure 1. Circuit is energized using ±12 V supply. Two different signals V1, V2 (DC) are applied to the inputs.
For different values of input voltages and corresponding outputs are tabulated.
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
CBCS Scheme
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2. Integrator:
Figure 2: Integrator Circuit
Design of integrator to integrate at cut-off frequency 1 KHz: Case 1:
Assume
Cf = 0.01 µf
Case2:
Assume
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
Cf = 0.01 µf
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
CBCS Scheme
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Select load resistance RL = 10 kΩ
Input and Output Waveform:
Figure 3: Integrator Input and Output Waveform
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
CBCS Scheme
15ECL48
Tabulation: Take Vin = 2 Vp-p Input Square Wave Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms
Output Spikes Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms
Input Sine Wave Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms
Output Cosine Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms
Calculations:
Procedures for Integrator Circuit: For the given frequencies fa and fb, values of Rf, Cf, R1 are calculated as per the design.
Circuit is rigged up as shown in figure 2 and energised.
Sinusoidal/square waves are applied to the input and output is observed.
Amplitude and time period of the output wave form are tabulated.
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
CBCS Scheme
15ECL48
3. Differentiator:
Figure 4: Differentiator Circuit
DESIGN PROCEDURE-(DIFFERENTIATOR):Design a differentiator to differentiate an input signal with a cutoff frequency of 1KHz. Apply a sine wave & square wave of 2Vp-p and 1KHz frequency, observe the output. Case 1:
Assume
C1 = 0.1 µf
Case2: To find R1: Select fb = 20fa = 20 kHz
As C1 = 0.1 µf
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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To find Cf:
To find Rcomp:
Select load resistance RL = 10 kΩ
Input and Output Waveform:
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
CBCS Scheme
15ECL48
Figure 5: Differentiator Input and Output Waveform
Tabulation: Input Square Wave Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms
Output Spikes Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms
Input Sine Wave Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms
Output Cosine Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms
Calculations:
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
CBCS Scheme
15ECL48
Procedures for Integrator Circuit: For the given frequencies fa and fb, values of R1, Rf, C1, Cf, are calculated as per the design.
Circuit is rigged up as shown in figure 4 and energised.
Sinusoidal/square waves are applied to the input and output is observed.
Amplitude and time period of the output wave form are tabulated.
Result: Adder, Integrator and Differentiator are designed using op-amp IC 741 and their performance is successfully tested.
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
CBCS Scheme
15ECL48
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
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15ECL48
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
Dept ECE, GMIT, Davangere
CBCS Scheme
15ECL48
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LIC & AC Lab Manual
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