DE 2450 INTANGIBLE HERITAGE OF SRI LANKA Faculty of engineering
Lecture: 03 V a s t u s h a s t r a a s a n In t a n g i b l e H er e r i t ag ag e
06th February 2014
Prof. Samitha Manawadu Department of Architecture University of Moratuwa
CUSTOMS AND TRA DITIONS: DITIONS:
Accumulated •
Conventions;
•
Practices; and,
•
beliefs handed down from generations to generations for regulation of social life.
I N S RI RI L A N K A :
Influence of customs and traditions is an essential part of the social life, business, politics, and any other important activity, activity, irrespective of social standing, education or wealth.
INDIA INDIA N INFLUENCES
•
Introduction of Buddhism. Politics and cultural evolution.
M A N A S A R A T h e an an c i e n t In I n d i a n t e x t o n t h e s c i e n c e o f ar a r c h i t e c t u r e.
Deals with subjects such as
-
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Site selection;
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Soil testing;
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Designing and planning of all types of buildings.;
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Town plan;
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Design of furniture;
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Dresses; and
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Ornaments.
Despite the impacts and influences of foreign activities, with the help of the administrators is visible, Both rural and urban populations remain tied up to the traditions.
VASTU & V IS IS HV H VA S H A K T Y – – COSMIC ENERGY:
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COOL ZONE
Five main elements for human living • Patavi – Earth; • Apo – Water; • Thejo – Fire; • Vayo – Air; • Akashi – Akashi – Space
COOL ZONE
E W HOT ZONE
•
Vastu principles are based on the analyses of five sources of energy and their correct utilization;
•
It s important to identify directions of these energy sources;
•
Otherwise the output design would brings negative merits.
• Any creation has two identified zones, namely Hot Zone and the Cool Zone. Hot zone include south and west half, and the cool zone covers north and east zone.
COSMIC PRINCIPLES EMBODIED EMBOD IED IN VASTU: VASTU: •
Patavi :
Earth -
land is required for human being to live on it. Thus it is considered as a basic need of a human being;
•
A p o :
Water -
water is an essential element for human living;
•
Thejo :
F ir e -
warmth is needed for blood circulation and other activities of a human being. being. Therefore, Therefore, it is considered as a basic element ;
•
Vayo :
Air –
oxygen is an essential elements for human living;
•
A k a s h a :
Space -
energy is required to be released to sustain human living and for for this purpose a space required;
Vastu designs are based on consideration c onsideration that above five essentials are basic elements for human living, and thus following items/components of a building is governed by them. 01. Door and window locations; 02. Allocation of internal spaces; 03. Location of exclusive spaces;
SHAPE OF THE LAND
IMPACT
(patavi - earh)
01
Square
Healthy, prosperity, and benefits
02
Rectangular
Healthy, treasure, prosperity
03
Circular
Intelligence, healthy, comforts
04
Octagon
Losses
05
trape trapezo zoid id (rect (rectang angle le SW extend extended ed W)
Multip Multiple le troub troubles les
06
Triangular
Extremely inauspicious (legal/ unacceptable relationship)
07
Composite/ Multiple form
Extremely good living
08
Narrow long
Good for animals. Not for people.
09
Poly Polygon gon (Rect (Rectang angle le less less N & S triang triangles les))
Loss Loss of wealt wealth h
10
Trapezoid (truncated N triangle)
Prosperity
11
trapezoid (truncated S triangle
unsuitable
12
L shape (narrow to south)
Not good. Loss of wealth
13
Oval shape
Multiple losses
14
Rectangle (with chamfered NE corner)
Financial losses/ stresses/ unrest
SHAPE OF THE LAND
IMPACT
16
Trapezo rapezoid id (rectang (rectangle le NE extended extended N)
Good, wealth wealth & prosperi prosperity ty,, peaceful peaceful mind
17
Trapez rapezoid oid (rect (rectang angle le NW exten extended ded N)
Inausp Inauspici icious ous,, not good good for for health health
18
Trapezo rapezoid id (rectang (rectangle le SE extended extended E)
Inauspiciou Inauspicious, s, troubles troubles from from the state state
19
Trapez rapezoid oid (rect (rectang angle le SE exten extended ded S)
Inausp Inauspici icious ous,, ill health health
20
Hexagon
Very auspicious
21
Trapez rapezoid oid (rect (rectang angle le NW exten extended ded W)
Auspic Auspiciou iouss for for women women
22
Trapezo rapezoid id (rectang (rectangle le SW extended extended W)
Bad reputat reputation, ion, mental mental stresses stresses
23
Rectangle with NW corner chamfered
Ill health, losses, fear of robbers/ enemies
24
Rectangle with SE corner chamfered
Loss of wealth
25
Rectangle with SW corner chamfered
Sickness to wife, mental stresses
26
Trapez rapezoid oid (rect (rectang angle le SW exten extended ded S)
Not suita suitable ble
SELECTION SELECTION OF LAND/ LAND/ PLOT PLOT FOR CONSTRUC CONSTRUCTION TION (apo - water): Northern river/ water course flowing towards east is good;
Slope towards centre line good;
Sloping towards north is good;
Slope down N
House
Higher southern direction good;
SELECTION OF LAND/ PLOT FOR CONSTRUCTION: • Area with excessive noises are not good; •
Water course course in south or west is not suitable;
•
If schools and cinema halls in the t he vicinity are not good;
•
Cul-de-sac plots are not suitable;
DIRECTIONS AND THEIR TH EIR IMPACTS IMPACTS • North: • Direction represent Buddha and contains quality of water (Apo); • Direction related to livelihood; • Untidiness and disorder affects the livelihood; • Northeast; • Represents the direction related to education and wisdom; • Direction brings strength, courage and determination. W
N
NW
NE
E
• East ; • Direction where the sun is powerful; • Southeast; • Directing representing the finances of the house; • Ideal for kitchen/ pantry etc. • South; • Direction responsible for reputation of the house and the owner. • Southwest; • Important direction for continuity of a marriage life; li fe; • Ideal for a repository of valuables;
SW
SE
S
IMPACT IMPACT OF SLOPES • Land with lower north and east sectors with higher elevations in south and western direction are suitable and brings prosperity; prosperity;
• Higher elevations elevations in North and east brings financial losses, loss of profit, and ill omen for male children; • Lower southeast sectors sectors brings financial losses, ill health, fire hazards etc; • Northern slope is very good; • If the slope cannot be altered, better to change the direction of water flow;
House
• Lower south direction causes sickness and reduce lifespan; • Lower southwest brings fear of robbery; unnecessary expenditure; sickness; • Slope towards west financial losses, displeasure; unsuitable for male children; • Slope to northwest financial losses, instability of mind; centre lower, metal stress, sicknesses.
N
SLOPES AND THEIR APPROPRIATENESS: APPROPRIATENESS: •
Northern Slope: - very good. Wealth and comforts.
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North-eastern Slope: - very good. Wealth and comforts.
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Eastern Eastern Slope: Slope: good: - Improvement Improvements. s.
•
South-east South-eastern ern slope: - inappropria inappropriate; te;
•
Southern slope ; inappropriate. Death.
N
House
Based on the owners ow ners astrological chart: •
Land facing east is good for kataka(Cancer), kataka(Cancer), vurchika (Scorpio), (Scorpio), and meena (Pisces);
•
Land facing south is good for mituna(Gemini), mituna(Gemini), kanya(Virgo), kanya(Virgo), and makara(Capricorn); makara(Capricorn);
•
Land facing west is good for vrushaba (Taurus), thula (Libra), and kumbha (Aquqrius);
•
Land facing facing north north is good for mesha (Aries) singha(Leo), singha(Leo), dhanu (Sagittarius)
ACCESS ROADS: •North and western good; • All All four sides very good; •North and eastern extremely good; •South and western are good for business premises.
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NON MERITORIOUS
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MERITORIOUS ACCESS
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LOCATION LOCATION OF ACCESS ROADS AND THEIR IMP I MPACT ACT ON HOUSEHOLD ACCESS
MERITS
REMARKS
1. North & NE
Very good
Good for females, business, income, and, wealth
2. East
Very good
Long life for males, ideal for media offices
3. NE and South
Good
Peaceful and happiness; go good for females; good for financial institutions.
4. SE and East
Not good
Destructions, jeolsy, accidents and enemies
5. SE, North & NW
Not good
Multiple pressures and impacts.
6. West
Good
Good for females; idle for individual business; good for everybody.
1 2
7. NW, Very South, SW bad
Unfavorable for money and assets; infect bad habits; not good for women's
3 4
5 6 7
N
Kitchen; office; store; visitors room, toilets; latrine; dog’s kennel; and garage
Shrine room; living; study room; dining hall; bedroom; office; bathroom; gym; balcony; and verandah
Shrine; study; office; gym; balcony; veranda’ children's’ room
Study; store; visitor’s room; toilets; children’s room; living; garbage bin
Study; dining; bedroom; office; gym; children's’ room; living; meditation room; veranda
Master bedroom; office; store; toilets; guardroom; water tank.
Kitchen; dining; gym; washing bay; guard room; outhouses; servants'’ room; bathroom; garage
Stairway; store; visitors’ room; toilet; dining
SITE SELECTIONS: Housing Blocks are of 16 classified shapes • with own merits or demerit; • Topography of the site; site ; • addition to the shapes, topographical configurations too effects the occupants. • A water test to determine the suitability of the site. • a pit measuring one cubit in all three dimensions to be dug in the centre of the site and fill with water in the evening, and verify in the morning • if water completely seep and the pit is dry dry,, not suitable for a building. • if the same water remains site is good. • if the pit is muddy with no water, site is moderate. • A similar similar pit to be dug and fill completely with water, water, and to walk 100 100 feet. • if the water remains, good for a building. • Indicate that well compacted soil with no seepage is good for construction. • Soil Test: Test: a similar pit to be excavated and refill with w ith the same soil. • If the excavated soil is overflowed, it is good site. • If the soil is just sufficient for filling, fill ing, still the site is acceptable. • If the soil in inadequate, then the site is unacceptable.
Surface features Surface deposits and some other environmental features are considered as ill omens. Site environment • Presence of twittering birds and; • Visibility of running water are auspicious omens. • • •
A prostitute’ prostitute’s s house near by, by, closer to three or four way junctions, and a cemetery are treated as inauspicious.
Vegetation • a site with luxuriant vegetation is recommended. • Arid land with no vegetation unsuitable. unsuitable. • Presence of precious medicinal herbs, creepers such as midi, trees t rees such as satin; • bo and mara, mara, and grass grass like undupiya undupiyaliya liya brings brings prosperity prosperity,, health and wealth.
Dimensions of the site: • • • • • •
• • • •
Measure is Purusha Pramana, Pramana, a human figure. The site is measured north south and east – east – west. Measurements are added and divided by eight The numeral of the remainder decides the suitability. suitability. Suitability of the site s ite for the particular caste of the owner. owner. Methods determine the mandaladhipathi, mandaladhipathi, a deity who bring fortune or misfortune upon the site.
The length and the breadth of the site to measure in hasthaman riyana. similar to above. Using the scale vaduriyana. Length and the breadth of the site are added to the total t otal number of characters of the name of the owner and name of the site. • Total is multiplied by four and divided by three. • Remainder 1 represent animate land, the best. • Remainder 2 mixed results and passable. • No remainder is a dead land and not suitable.
CUSTOMS IN HOUSE DESIGNS Zoning the site. • Pada Bedima;,and , • In Pada Bedeema, the site divided by nine parallel lines and another nine number perpendicular lines to the previous lines.
s ite. • Bhumi Chakra are two methods of zoning a site. • In Bhumi Chakra, the site is divided by lines connecting each corners, and each centres thorough/ over the centre line.
Bhumi Chakra : • Site is divided by lines connecting each corners, and each centres thorough/ over the centre line; • South/west sector is most suitable for sitting a house. • Adjoining triangles north of the best is the next good. • Adjoining triangle east of the best is moderate. •
Remaining half is inauspicious.
Padabedeema
prethapada manushyapada devapada
brahmapada
devapada manushyapada prethapada
• Brahma Pada; • Habitat of the absolute; • Devapada; • Habitat of the deities; • Manushya pada; • Abode of human beings; • Prethapada; • lowly evil spirits;
• House to be in Manushya Pada; • May be extended to Deva Pada; • Brahma Pada is for religious buildings;
To be continued as section two of the lecture
ORIENTATION • • •
North is the most auspicious direction. Southeast is the worst. If the main door faces E or S, length of the house is along NS and EW respectively.
LOCATION OF ACTIVITIES • Inauspicious location of the well. • Align with the ridge. • Facing a main door. • Aligned any of the wall lines • Aligned with marma rekha. • Aligned with valley gutter. gutter. • Aligned with with four major lines lines running parallel parallel to the ridge ridge and between between walls. • Aligned with Marma rekha of the site. • Aligned with diagonal lines of interior spaces. Effects could be reduced by locating well at a different/ lower level ground or by constructing constructing a wall wall in between. between.
DOOR CHART: CHART:
Dhanya
Gain assets
Nasha
Durmukha
Destructions women
Nanda
Destruction for female
Vipula
Manoramya
Ripuda
fear of thieves
Bara
Akrananda
Jaya Dhanada
gain assts vi victory over pujawa
Kantha
Ugra
Sumakha
Vijaya
A u s p i c i o u s p o i n t s ( c en e n t r e an a n d 1 2 s u b c e n t r es es ) s h o u l d n o t l i e w i t h i n t h e proposed hous e
•
marma rekha – diagonals.
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Madhya rekha – anu marma marma rekh rekha. a.
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Ginikatura – cross formed by marma rekha
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Marma Sthanaya – centre
• Anu Marma Sthana – sub-centres formed by pada boundaries and marma rekha.
At present the pada beddema is modified to suit the urban context as follows: • Marma Marma Sthana Sthana of the house house not not to be fall fall on the the marma marma rekha rekha of the site. site. • Marma Marma Rekha of the site site not to to be fall fall on the Marma Marma Rekha Rekha of the house. house. Very small sites, at least three pretha pada zones zones to be kept open, and not
Form of house • Ideal shape is rectangular. • Square is for religious buildings. f ollowings • Other suitable include the followings • U sha shape. pe. • T shape.. • Inauspicious includes the following. • L shape. • Cross • Circular • Triangle. • •
Ill planning
Separation
Misfortune
Quarreling
length and breadth are to be even and odd numbers respectively. Traditionally Traditionally,, dimensions were specified according the caste affiliations. Danger
Non-ambitious
Cheated
Sexual desire
CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION OF HOUSES (Aaya number refers to the balance numeral, when the floor area divided by 8. the method of classification is referred to as Ashta Yoni Yoni krama) AAY AAY A No
AYA NAMA
CONSEQUENCES
SUITABILITY
MAIN DOOR
FACADE
1
Dhvaja
Reputation
Living
N,E,S,W
East
2
Dhuma
Misery
3
Singha
Victory
Living
N, E,S
South
4
Shvana/ sunakha
Hatred
5
Vrushabha
Wealth
Business
E
West
6
Bara
Poverty
7
Gaja
Comforts
living
E,S
North
8
Dhvanksha/ kaka/Teta
Ill health
INTERNAL SPACES •
Following situations are avoided. • Three corners within the house falling in one line. • Interior corners falling on Marma Rekha. • Marma Sthana falling on an internal wall. wall. wall bisecting the width width of the house, (by being lying under the ridge).
•
Doors and Windows • Main door as the mouth of a human being. • Should not face the west. • In the front wall forming the length of the house. • Not at the end wall. • Not face a bend of a road. • Not face a two ways or three way junctions. • Not to align with the corner of the house. • Not to be sited on the straight line with the gate.
•
Number of doors in odd number • Number Number of windows windows in even number number Total should never be 09,19,29 etc. not to locate three doors on one line.
Floor area:
11 simple calculations to determine the suitability .
customs in construction commencement of work position of the main door. N – 13/04 ~ 13/06 E – 13/07 ~ 13/09 S – 13/10 ~ 13/12 W – 13/01 ~ 13/03 04 remaining months are corner months, and are inauspicious.
Merit days of the work commence. • • • • • •
sandu sandu (Monday (Monday)) - birth of daughters daughters.. budha, budha, guru, shukra shukra (wed., (wed., thu, Friday) – Friday) – wealth, worldly pleasure and prosperity. prosperity. Ravi (Sunday) loss of wealth Kuja (Tuesda (Tuesday) y) destructions destructions Shani (Saturday) gain of land and property. property. Favourable constellations (nekatha) (nekatha) to commence the works.
site preparations •
offerings to God of Wealth (Bhahirava)
LAYING THE FOUNDATION STONE •
setting out, and cutting of the first sod inauspicious times. • Bhuminaga charka will will determine the proper proper place for foundations. foundations. • Head facing the direction of the main door. • stomach of the Bhuminaga is suitable suitable for lying of the foundation.
•
Following are the unsuitable locations. • Naval fear. • Tail – Tail – death • Knees – Knees – destroying of the house. • Below the knee destructions. • Private paths – ill health. • Not place beneath a circulation space, end of a wall, centre of the house or a toilet..
Superstructure • work to commence on an auspicious time. • Cross walls and cross beams will have evil effects. • Rituals in placement of the first door frame.
Roof • • • • • • •
work to commence in an auspicious time. Rafters not to be fixed for the joint where the hip rafters and ridge meets. Ridge not to run across external doors. Not to support by odd number of supports. Not to have odd number of joints. Purling joints should not run in alignment. Joint of a wall plate should not be above a door. door.
Positioning of the house • More to the right when looking outward. • Home garden to the left is very auspicious. • Forecourt in east or west is auspicious. • forecourt in SW inauspicious. • Forecourt in north or south is moderate. Ooccupying the house. • auspicious time according to the astrological guidelines
OTHER BELIEFS 1.
RIVE RIVER R FLO FLOWI WING NG IN FRO FRONT OF A HOUS HOUSE E
•
Outbound flow inauspicious.
•
Inbound auspicious, but not directly to the main entrance.
•
Curvilinear river in front of a house (incurve, outcurve or wrap)inauspicious.
•
River in front of a house flowing northward, northeastward of eastward i s auspicious, and will bring prosperity
•
Branching off after the house is not good.
•
Branching off before the house too is inauspicious.
•
Broadening in front of the house or after passing is very auspicious..
LANDSCAPING. •
Sapu, papol, desaman, plantain are auspicious trees.
•
Trees with with milk sap, throne, and bear fruits are not auspicious.
•
Banyan tree auspicious for east. But Bo-tree is inauspicious.
•
Bo tree in the east will bring fear.
• Asatu in the east brings sorrow. sorrow. •
Jak tree is auspicious auspicious for the south. Other taller trees are inauspicious inauspicious for the south. Pulila (parasite) tree on the south will bring poverty poverty to the house.
• Attikka tree is inauspicious for the north, and will bring eye diseases. •
Banyan tree is auspicious for the west. Asatu and Nellie were were serving.
OTHER BELIEFS ……………..
2.
POSI POSITI TION ONIN ING G OF WA WALLS LLS WITH WITHIN IN AUSPI USPICI CIOU OUS S PADA
•
Defining PADA (maximum length and maximum width to be divided by 15).
•
Generally width of the p a d a of length and width is not equal, as squares are not selected as an auspicious plan form.
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Auspicious pada are 1,3,5,6,8,10,11,13,15
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Inauspicious p a d a are 2,4,7,9,12,14.
•
All walls should be positioned on meritorious p a d a .
•
Doors and windows (jambs and frames)should be positioned on meritorious p a d a .
•
Joists of roofs to be positioned on meritorious pada.
•
Joists and plates, including ridge plate, must be in odd numbers such as 3,5,and 7.
TREES WHICH ARE NOT RECOMMENDED FOR GROWING. •
Taller tress are inauspicious for the forecourt.
•
Symbol (tamarind), lobelia, ensnaring, keselkaranda, delum, nilkatarolu, thorny trees, softwood trees, plants with red color flowers, king coconut and pathos, are highly inauspicious for planting in front of the t he office.
•
Softwood trees in front of the houses, causes loss of property. property.
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Thorny trees causes animosity with neighbors.
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Trees with with nuts in front of the house brings misery to t o children.
•
King coconut tress around the house bring disharmony amongst the occupants. Further, Further, it is believed that the gravity. gravity. Disharmony amongst the house holds; chief
BEDROOM: • Better to plan on Southern or Western direction; •
Head towards north brings stresses;
•
Bed should comprised of four legs, and not to be the box type;
•
Bedrooms under Toilets Toilets and stairways s tairways causes severe stresses;
•
Not to keep beds under a ridge plate, a joists/purling, and a concrete beam;
•
Better to locate the bed away from the wall;
•
If there is a mirror, better not to locate it, to reflect the mirror image to the bed;
•
If the master bedroom is not in the t he same level as the other spaces, it brings the relaxation;
BEDROOMS (continuing): • Better to locate mirror towards the west and the dressing table on to the Northwestern wall; •
Better to locate toilet away from the t he bedroom;
•
Rooms towards northeast to be allocated for children;
•
It is recommended to locate books and newspaper stands either on southwestern or western wall, and, if a writing table, it is to keep on northeast direction;
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TV, TV, Radio are not suitable for bedrooms, but if desperately needed, it is to be located in the southeast direction;
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Master bedroom, first to southwest; secondly to t o south; thirdly to west; and finally to northwest.
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Never to locate master bedroom in northeast;
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Master bedroom of a multi storied building to be located at the upper floor;
•
Ideal colors pink, blue, green, and ash color;
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Never to have an empty southwestern direction.
•
Toilet to be attached on west or northern directions.
DINING ROOM: • Important space for day to day living; •
Most suitable for west, north, and eastern directions;
•
Kitchen and dining to be on the same floor level;
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Dining table not to be kept align with the main door;
•
Dining room not to be allocated on basement or upper floors;
•
During the dining, chief of the household sit facing f acing either the east or west, and avoid facing south.
•
Sink to be in the northeast direction;
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No toilet to be attached;
•
Pink, green and blue are suitable colors, and black and white to be omitted.
TOILETS AND BATHROOMS: •
Northeastern toilets are not god;
• Attached toilets are unfavorable; •
Detached toilets are meritorious;
•
If attached toilets are essential, then north, east and west are good;
•
White, pink, and ash colors are appropriate.
INTERIOR OF THE TOILET: • west, northwest, and southwest are appropriate; •
Southeast is inappropriate;
•
South of he house centre too is extremely bad;
•
Commode would not face east or west. Better facing north or south;
•
WB, shower, shower, bib tap etc are better to be in northeast;
•
Mirror on the eastern wall;
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Soiled cloths on the western wall;
•
Vanity unit on the northwestern wall;
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Heater on the southeastern wall;
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Door on the north or east walls;
LIVING/ SITTING ROOM: • Ideally located in north direction; •
Furniture to be squares or rectangular, rectangular, and not oval or circular;
•
Ornaments to be located in this direction;
• ARC on the west and not on east; •
Ceiling sloping towards northeast is meritorious;
•
Furniture on west and southern directions are meritorious;
•
White, yellow, green, and blue are suitable. Red and black are inappropriate
•
Chief household facing northeast and guest west or south is good.
STUDY ROOM: • Northeastern, west, east are appropriate; •
Studying facing north or east;
•
Bookshelf not on northwest or southwest;
•
Window on north, east, or west;
•
Colored white, light blue, violet, light green;
•
Hipped roof is better;
•
Study position north, northeast, east, south or west, but facing northeast.
STORE ROOM: • Northwest is good; •
Not to use north or east;
SHRINE ROOM: • Northeast is best; north too is good; •
If on upper floor, floor, no toilets underneath; Statues to face f ace either east or west
KITCHEN: • Preferably to the southeast. second best is northeast. •
When cooking facing east is preferable.
•
Sink to locate far away from f rom the burner/ fireplace.
•
Not to locate bedroom n these directions; kitchen k itchen to be same level or at a higher level than the house;
•
Sink on north east, gas cylinder on southwest or north west, greaser on southwest, refrigerator on northwest.
•
No mirror to be kept in the kitchen; ki tchen;
•
Red, green and yellow are the preferable colors.
ETERNAL KITCHENS: • Only southwest and northwest directions are preferable;
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LOCATION OF OTHER SPACES: •
Wall Wall cupboards in bedroom, better directions are north and eastern directions;
•
Patio in north, northeast, and east, but their roof always lower than the main roof;
•
Stairways, preferably preferably,, clockwise. North, northeast, northeast, southeast, and east are the unfavorable directions; number of steps in odd numerical.
•
Wall Wall cupboards to be limited onto south and eastern walls;
•
Wall cupboards on southern and western walls;
•
Underground tank on northeast direction;
• Attached bath toilet to avoid north, east, northeast directions; • Servants room, to avoid north and eastern walls;
ADDITIONAL TOILETS: Possibilities: • Connected to west wall on western western direction; and, on southwestern southwestern direction; •
Connected to south wall on southern direction;
•
Connected to southwest wall on southern direction; and, on southwestern direction;
• Attached bathroom can be on north north and , east direction; Inappropriate: • Connected to east wall should not on eastern direction; •
Connected to southeast wall should not on eastern direction;
•
Connected to north wall should not on northern direction; Connected to northeast wall should not on the north east direction;
OFFICE ROOM: • northeast, southeast, and northwest are most suitable; PLAYROOM: East, southeast, north are the most appropriate directions; direction s; GARAGE: • Southeast or northwest are good. Never to use north, northeast or east walls; BALCONY: • South and west are not good: north and east are most suitable; id south and west to be used, extend the roof lowering eave height; AVOIDABLE: • North: • Northe Northeast: ast:
• • • •
toilets, servants' room, and tall trees; main main door door, garage garage,, stairs, stairs, waste waste pits, pits, waste waste disposa disposall tools, tools, overhead tanks, high grounds, rubble in landscaping, kitchen, toilet, master bedroom, tall trees; southeast: southeast: main door, door, master master bedroom, bedroom, living living room, room, basement; basement; South: living room, basement, well, ba balcony; Northe Northeast: ast: visitor visitors s room, room, kitchen, kitchen, serva servants' nts' roo room, m, main door door,, basemen basement, t, balcony, balcony, toilet pits. West: balcony, basement;
BELIEFS ON BUILDING ELEMENTS: ROOF: • Commencement on an auspicious time; •
Customarily, Customarily, ridge not in the exact centre, may be shift a little; l ittle;
•
Total number of ridges, gutter plates and plates to be in an odd number;
•
Rafters set to be in an odd number;
•
Props to be an odd number;
•
Joints in odd number;
•
No three props align;
•
No three joints align and parallel;
•
No nails to punch through;
•
No nails to plate ends;
•
Lean to roof is most unsuitable, and roof with five or more slopes are most suitable;
•
Ridge plate to align with the main door of a neighboring house is most unsuitable;
BELIEFS ON BUILDING ELEMENTS: •DOORS: • Main door known as Manga Mangala la Uluvas Uluvassa, sa, and is displayed different to others in scale and . Decorations; •
mudun n Bitti Bittiya ya); Never positioning doors on main/ centre wall ( mudu
•
Door to be plumbed; inward bend, pressure for occupants with disputes etc . out bend, chief household prefer to stay outside.
•
Number of windows to be larger than the doors;
•
Door not be faced religious institutions;
•
Door not to be aligned with another house;
•
Internal doors also not to be aligned;
•
No stairways aligned with the main door;
BELIEFS ON BUILDING ELEMENTS: •DOORS (cont…): (cont…): • No internal cistern, drain, tree, gate, well, or a corner of another house in front of the main door, door, which causes the ill fortune known as Veda Dosha. However, However, beyond twice the height as well as in the rear of the house is ineffective; •
no doors on the ceremonial foundation stone;
•
No doors in the centre of the house;
•
No lifting and placing of first doorframe, which is fixed at the auspicious time. However, However, minor adjustment without lifting is ok; lifting and replacing could be effected with ritualistic functions similar to t o that of the time of placing the first door frame;
•
No door frames above another;
•
Main door facing main road is not suitable;
BELIEFS ON BUILDING ELEMENTS: •DOORS (cont…): (cont…): • Two Two principal systems of locating main door: • Length of the house divided in to nine divisions, and, Door to be positioned in the division with 05 portions to the south and 03 to the left; • Length of the house divided into 15 divisions, and door to t o be placed on an auspicious pada; • Total number of doors to be an odd number; • Total number of windows to be an even number; • Cumulative value of doors and windows to be an odd number, number, excluding 17; • Doors to be not positioned on centre lines (marma rekha); • Only cardinal directions to be considered when the doors are located; • Door positioning based on cardinal directions; • When facing east on the 3 rd division from the left; • When in south, 6 th division from left; • When in the west, 5 th division from left; • In case of north, 5th division from left.
POSITIONING OF DOORS NORTH
EAST
SOUTH
WEST
NAME
CONSEQUENCES
01
D
D
D
NO
Dhanada
Wealth
02
No
No
D
No
Jaya
Victory
03
D
No
No
D
Nasha
Destruction
04
D
N
D
D
Vipula
Reputation, honor
05
No
No
No
D
Bara
Poverty
06
No
D
No
D
Kantha
Heavy expenses
07
No
D
D
D
Sumukha
Health and wealth
08
D
No
No
No
Durmukha
Unrest
09
No
No
D
D
Manoramya
Increase wealth and reduce expenses
10
D
D
No
D
Akrandha
Suffering
11
D
D
No
No
Ugra
Losses, unrest
12
D
D
D
D
Viaya
Wealth and reputation
13
No
D
No
No
Dhanya
Wealth
14
No
D
D
No
Nanda
Destruction to women
T h e e n d o f P r e s en en t a t io i o n - T HA HA N K Y O U
