MINOR PROJECT REPORT
ON “12
V TO 120 V DC-DC CONVERTER”
Submitted by Shah Rinal Upendrakumar (Roll No. 13MEEP23 )
Under the guidance of Dr. P. N. Tekwani
Department of Electrical Engineering Institute Of Technology Nirma University Of Science & Technology Ahmedabad – 380060
April 2014
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NIRMA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Ms. Shah Rinal Upendrakumar (13MEEP23) has succesfully submitted her Minor Project Report entitled CONVERTER”
“12
V TO 120 V DC
–
DC
towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements in Master of
Technology (Electrical Engineering) in the field of Power Electronics, Machines & Drives of Nirma University of Science & Technology is the record of work carried out by him under my supervision & guidance. The Work submitted has in my opinion reach a level required for being accepted for examination. The results embodied in this minor project work to the best of my knowledge have not been submitted to any other University or Institution.
Dr. P. N. Tekwani (Head Of Department & Project Guide) Department of Electrical Engineering Institute Of Technology Nirma University Of Science & Technology Ahmedabad – 380060
Statement by the Candidate
I wish to state that work embodied in this project titled “12 V TO 120 V DC – DC CONVERTER”
forms my own contribution to the work carried out under the
guidance of Dr. P. N. Tekwani (Guide) at Institute Of Technology, Nirma University Of Science & Technology. This work has not been submitted for any other Degree or Diploma of any University/Institute. Wherever, references have been made to previous works of others, it has been clearly indicated.
Shah Rinal Upendrakumar Institute Of Technology Nirma University Of Science & Technology
April 2014
Acknowledgment Foremost, I wish to acknowledge and thank my guide Dr. P. N. Tekwani. His kind hearted guidance throughout my studies has been an invaluable contribution to my academic and professional development. For this I am truly grateful.
I wish to thank the faculty members of Electrical Engineering Department. Their interaction and advice has certainly improved the quality and direction of my project.
Certainly, I must acknowledge my parents. They have loved and supported me longer than anyone, regardless of my faults.
April, 2014
Shah Rinal Upendrakumar
Institute Of Technology Nirma University Of Science & Technology
Abstract
The focus of this work is show DC-DC converter works on two phases, first phase is of the inverter and the second phase is of rectifier and filter block. Circuit is simple, IC NE555 and IC CD4013 acts for inverting phase and the bridge diode works for rectifier and filter phase. Step up transformer was used to step up AC voltage between inverter and rectifier & filter block.
Contents
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vii
1 Introduction
2
3
4
5
1.1 What is DC - DC Converter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.2 Types of DC – DC Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Introduction to Circuit 2.1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
2.2 Circuit diagram . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Basic Component related to DC-DC converter 3.1 List of the Component. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
3.2 Component description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
3.2.1 IC NE555 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
3.2.2 IC CD4013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
3.2.3 Transistor TIP122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Circuit Description 4.1 Detail description of the circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
4.2 My results from the circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Conclusion & Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
List of Figures 2.1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
2.2 Circuit diagram . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
3.2.1 IC NE555 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
3.2.2 IC CD4013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
3.2.3 Transistor TIP122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
CHAPTER 1
Page 1 of 16
Introduction 1.1 What is DC - DC Converter
DC-DC converters are electronic devices used whenever we want to change DC electrical power efficiently from one voltage level to another. They ’re needed because unlike AC, DC can ’t simply be stepped up or down using a transformer. In many ways, a DC-DC converter is the DC equivalent of a transformer.
Typical applications of DC-DC converters are where 24V DC from a truck battery must be stepped down to 12V DC to operate a car radio, CB transceiver or mobile phone; where 12V DC from a car battery must be stepped down to 3V DC, to run a personal CD player; where 5V DC on a personal computer motherboard must be stepped down to 3V, 2V or less for one of the latest CPU chips; where the 340V DC obtained by rectifying 240V AC power must be stepped down to 5V, 12V and other DC voltages as part of a PC power supply; where 1.5V from a single cell must be stepped up to 5V or more, to operate electronic circuitry; where 6V or 9V DC must be stepped up to 500V DC or more, to provide an insulation testing voltage; where 12V DC must be stepped up to +/-40V or so, to run a car hifi amplifier’s circuitry; or where 12V DC must be stepped up to 650V DC or so, as part of a DC-AC sine wave inverter.
In all of these applications, we want to change the DC energy from one voltage level to another, while wasting as little as possible in the process. In other words, we want to perform the conversion with the highest possible efficiency.
An important point to remember about all DC-DC converters is that like a transformer, they essentially just change the input energy into a different impedance level. So whatever the output voltage level, the output power all comes from the input; there ’s no energy manufactured inside the converter. Quite the contrary, in fact some is inevitably used up by the converter circuitry and components, in doing their job.
Page 2 of 16
1.2 Types of DC – DC Converter
There are many different types of DC-DC converter, each of which tends to be more suitable for some types of application than for others. For convenience they can be classified into various groups, however. For example some converters are only suitable for stepping down the voltage, while others are only suitable for stepping it up; a third group can be used for either.
Page 3 of 16
CHAPTER 2
Page 4 of 16
Introduction to Circuit 2.1 Block diagram
Input (DC Voltage)
Inverter (DC to AC)
Step up transformer
2.2 Circuit diagram
Page 5 of 16
Rectifier and filter (AC to DC)
Output (DC Voltage)
CHAPTER 3
Page 6 of 16
Basic Component related to DC-DC converter 3.1 List of the Component
Component Name
Description
IC NE555
Single Timer
IC CD4013
Dual D-Type Flip-Flop
Resistor R1
100 K Ohm
R2
18 K Ohm
R3
3.3 K Ohm
R4
1 K Ohm
R5 and R6
1.5 K Ohm
Capacitor C1
330 nF
C2
100 µF / 25 V
C3
220 µF / 250 V
C4
220 nF / 250 V
Transistor (TIP122 NPN) Q1 and Q2 Transformer
Darlington Power Transistors (NPN) 0 V - 120 V
Page 7 of 16
3.2 Component description 3.2.1 IC NE555
555 is a very commonly used IC for generating accurate timing pulses. It is an 8pin timer IC and has mainly two modes of operation: monostable and astable. In monostable mode time delay of the pulses can be precisely controlled by an external resistor and a capacitor whereas in astable mode the frequency & duty cycle are controlled by two external resistors and a capacitor. 555 is very commonly used for generating time delays and pulses.
Fig. 3.2.1 Pin connection of IC NE555
Applications • Precision Timing • Pulse Generation • Time Delay Generation • Sequential Timing
Page 8 of 16
3.2.2 IC CD4013
The CD4013 dual D-type flip-flop is a monolithic complementary MOS (CMOS) integrated circuit constructed with N- and P-channel enhancement mode transistors. ̅ ” outputs. Each flip-flop has independent data, set, reset, and clock inputs and “Q” and “Q ̅ ” output These devices can be used for shift register applications, and by connectin g “ Q
to the data input, for counter and toggle applications. The logic level present at the “D” input is transferred to the Q output during the positive-going transition of the clock pulse. Setting or resetting is independent of the clock and is accomplished by a high level on the set or reset line respectively.
Fig. 3.2.2 Pin connection of IC CD4013 Applications • Automotive • Data terminals • Instrumentation • Medical electronics • Alarm system • Industrial electronics • Remote metering Page 9 of 16
3.2.3 Transistor TIP122 Features • Designed for general -purpose amplifier and low speed switching applications • RoHS Compliant
B – Base C – Collector E – Emmiter
Fig. 3.2.3 Pin connection of Transistor TIP122
Page 10 of 16
CHAPTER 4
Page 11 of 16
4.1 Detail description of the circuit
The circuit is very simple which converts 12V DC to 120V DC. Circuit works in two phases and three stages. First phase is of basic inverter and the second phase is of rectifier and filter bridge. First stage is of inverting 12V DC to 12V AC, second stage is of transforming 12V AC to 120V AC and the last one is of rectifying and filtering the 120V AC to get pure 120V DC. IC NE555 operating at frequency of 100Hz and can be adjusted using R1. Output of IC NE555 is coupled to the clock input of IC CD4013 which is a CMOS dual D flip - flop. IC CD4013 divides the 100Hz pulse train from IC NE555 into two 50Hz pulse trains which are 180 degree out of phase and are available at Pin 1 and Pin 2 of IC CD4013. When Pin 1 is high, transistor Q1 conducts and current flows through the upper half of T1’s primary winding. When Pin 2 is high, transistor Q2 conducts and current flows through the lower half of T1’s primary winding. As a result a 120V voltage will be induced in secondary of T1. This voltage is rectified using bridge D1 to produce 120V DC output. C2 is the input DC filter. C3 and C4 are output filter. 5 A fuse can be added in series to the 12V supply line. T1 can be 9-0-9V/250 V/3A mains transformer.
Page 12 of 16
4.2 My results from the circuit
.
Page 13 of 16
CHAPTER 5
Page 14 of 16
Conclusion & Future Directions For converting 12V DC to 120V DC we need to convert the 12V DC to 12V AC through inverter and then it should be step up using tap changer transformer. This tap changer transformer increases voltage to 120V AC and this AC voltage is then converter into 120V DC through filter and rectifier. This can also be done using DC transformer.
This was a very simple circuit which shows how DC voltage can be increase or decrease in the circuit. On the near future we can go ahead with this idea to make Boost Converter, Buck converter, Buck-Boost converter and Cuk converter. Even more complex circuits can be made using this concept.
Page 15 of 16
REFERENCES [1] http://www.circuitstoday.com/12v-to-120v-dc-dc-converter [2] http://www.engineersgarage.com/sites/default/files/555.pdf [3] https://www.futurlec.com/4000Series/CD4013.shtml [4] http://html.alldatasheet.com/html-pdf/4811/MOTOROLA/MJ3001/257/1/MJ3001.html [5] http://www.jaycar.com.au/images_uploaded/dcdcconv.pdf [6] http://html.alldatasheet.com/html-pdf/239668/TAITRON/TIP122/293/1/TIP122.html
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