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MAHARISHI VIDYA MANDIR SR. SEC. SCHOOL CLASS : XII COMPUTER SCIENCE THEORY QUESTIONS CHAPTER NAME : STRUCTURES 1. Defi Define ne a stru struct ctur ure. e. Ans. A structure is a collection of variables of different different data types which are referred under one common name. 2. What is the the need need for stru structu cture re ? Ans. To store any information in the form of record which contains information of different data types, the structure is used. 3. Differentia Differentiate te between between structure structure and class. class. Ans. Structure C l as s All members are public by default All members are private by default 4. Differentia Differentiate te between between array and struct structure. ure. Ans. Structure Array Collection of variables of different data Collection of variables of same data type. type. 5. What is is nested nested structure structure ? Give Give an example. example. Ans. A structure within another structure is called nested structure. Eg. struct date { int d,m,y;}; struct emp { int eno; char ename[25]; date doj;}; 6. How to to refer refer the struct structure ure elemen elements ts outside outside the structure structure ? Ans. The structure elements are referred using the structure variable name followed by the dot operator. 7. When the the memory memory is allocated allocated for struct structure ure ? Ans. The memory is allocated for structure only when the variable is declared of that type. 8. When does does the the structure structure assignment assignment takes takes place place ? Ans. The structure assignment is possible only when w hen both the sides of the assignment operator has the variables of the same structure type. 9. What is is typede typedeff stateme statement nt ? Expla Explain in Ans. Typedef statement is used for defining an alternative name for the datatype. typedef int a; In this statement a is given an alternative name for int data type.
10. What is #define ? Explain Ans. It is used for for defining constants constants and functions. It It is a pre-processor pre-processor directive. Eg. #define p 3.14 #define str “Maharishi Vidya Mandir” #define cube(a) a*a*a 11. 11. What What is the adva advant ntag age e and and disa disadv dvan anta tag ge of usi using #def #defiine ? Ans. Advantage : When we want to make any change in the constant value we can change it only in the statement and it will be reflected in the program which uses the value. Function overhead is avoided in #define macro. Disadvantage is that the function can include only one statement. Data types will not specified any where in the statement. 12. What is self referential structure ? Ans. A structure which refers to itself is called self referential structure. Eg. struct student { int sno; char name[25]; float avg; student *next; };
CHAPTER NAME : CLASSES AND OBJECTS 1. How encapsul encapsulation ation is is implement implemented ed in C++ ? Give an example. example. Ans. Encapsulation is implemented in C++ through classes. Eg. class item { int itno; char itemname[25]; int qty; float price; public : void accept(); void display(); float totcost(); }; 2. Define Define a clas class s and and an obje object. ct. Ans. A class is a collection of objects with common characteristics and behavior. An object is an individual entity with its own characteristics and behavior. 3. What are are the ways ways of defining defining the member member functio functions ns of a class class ? Ans. There are 2 ways of defining the member functions of a class. 1. The function function definition definition can can be given given within within the the class. class. 2. The function function definitio definition n can be given outside outside the the class using scope scope resolution resolution operator. 4. What are access access spec specifi ifiers ers ?