10th-eng1-wts-guide

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BASED ON SAMACHEER KALVI TEXT BOOK GOVERNMENT – LATEST MODEL QUESTION PAPER

K.Chinnappan M.A., M.Sc., B.Ed.

PREPARED BY K.CHINNAPPAN B.T.Asst., VIVEKANANDA HR SEC SCHOOL, THIRUPPARAITTURAI – 639 115.

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X std. English I paper Marks 100

Time: 2.30 hrs

SECTION I (VOCABULARY- 20 Marks) Part I. 1. (i to v) Synonyms (book-5,52,72 ) 2. (i to v) Antonyms (book-6,54,73,151 )

Part II (Any 10 of the below) 10/12

5 5 10

3. Abbreviations/Acronyms (book-28,29) 4. Homophones (book-6) 5. American English words (book-26,27) 6. Compound words (book-130,131) 7. Giving plurals (book-104,105,106) 8. Prefix & suffix (book-31,150,151) 9. Phrasal verbs (book-53) 10. Syllabification (book-29) 11. Identify the correct word (book-74) 12. Make sentence by given words (book-6,151) 13. Noun / Verb forms - Reframing sent.(book-32) 14. Find the sent. sent. which convey same meaning Extra Exercises. Foreign words (book-131,132) (book-131,132) Idioms (book-14,35,60,87,115,136,1 (book-14,35,60,87,115,136,161,175) 61,175) Giving Noun forms (book-52, WB-40)

SECTION II (GRAMMAR-25 Marks) Part I. Respond to the following

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15. If clause fill up(book-77,78,79,172) 16. Sentence pattern (book-133,134,135,172) 17. Question tag (book-10,11,176) 18. Degrees of comparison fill up (book-83 ) 19. Find the sent. which convey same meaning 20. Supplying suitable phrase (book-170) 21. Infinitive or Gerund (book-28,29,30,31) 22. Phrasal verb / Phrase preposition (book-53) 23. Articles (book-170) 24. Prepositions (book-112,170) Extra Exercise. Tense /voice (book-109,110,153,154,155 (book-109,110,153,154,155,171) ,171) Auxiliary verbs/modals (book-156,172) (book-156,172) Relative pronouns (book-57,76,174) Identify sentences(book-9)

Part II. Transformation

5 x 2 =10

25. Combining into one sentence using Simple compound complex (book-54,55,56,111) 26. Active voice , passive voice (book-110,111) 27. Direct & Indirect speech (book-6,7,8,173,174) 28. Combining sentences using ‘if’ (book-77,78,79,172) 29. Degrees of comparison Extra Exercise. Sentence types changing (book-10,173) Rewrite using a word (book-31,32,57,173,175) (book-31,32,57,173,175) Rewrite with a starter

Part III. 30. Punctuation (book-175)

1 x5 =5

SECTION III (PROSE – 15 Marks) Part I. (31 to 37). Book Questions. (5/7) 5x2 =10 Part II. 38. (a or b or c) Paragraph ( 1/3) 1x5 = 5 SECTION IV (POETRY – 20 Marks) Part I. 39 (a or b) b) Quote from memory(1/2) 1x5= 5 Part II (40 to 43). Poem Comprehension 5x1= 5 Part III (44 to 48). Appreciation Questions 5x1= 5 Part IV 49 (a or b or c) Paragraph (1/ 3 ) 1x5= 5 SECTION V (Language Functions – 20 Marks) 50. (a to e) Comprehension (book-11,33,57,112,74, 76,104,110,135) 5x2=10 51. (a to e) Error spot (book-111,171) 5x1= 5 52. (a to e) Picture Comprehension (book 33,67,74, 76, 88, 162) 5x1= 5

X std. English I paper (Marks 100, Duration 2.30 hrs)

Section I – Vocabulary (20 marks ) Part I. 1.(i-v) Synonyms (book-5,52,72) 5

(meanings) Type 1 (book page2-para2, 69-2&3, 100-3, 126-4)

Exercise-1: Choose the appropriate synonym of the underlined word: 5x1=5

He was wizened(1) old man with a face like wrinkled parchment(2) and a most piteous(3) expression. Over his shoulders was flung a coarse(4) brown cloak, all tears and tatters. He held out his battered hat for arms(5). 1. a) looking fresh b) died, c) clever, d) looking dried 2. a) a piece of paper b) building c) upstairs upstairs d) book book 3. a) joyful b) line c) sad d) careful 4. a) soft b) rough c) neat d) beautiful 5. a) offerings b) letters c) figures d) animals Exercise – 2: Chaya’s day began long before sunrise, when she and her five children fanned out(1) in the darkness, armed with plastic jugs of every size. After day break, the rumour(2) of a tap with running water sent her stumbling in a panic(3) through the slum’s narrow corridors(4). Now with her containers still empty and the sun blazing over head, she has returned home for a moments rest. Suddenly cries erupt(5), a water truck has been spotted. 1. a)go along b)come forward c)spread out d) went out 2. a) roam b) real c) tale d) false story 3. a) excited b) anxiety c) fear d) joy 4. a) passages b) valley c) building d) lane 5. a) slowly b) suddenly happen c) erect d) silent

Exercise – 3: Even as a child Bharat had enjoyed playing with bricks. He would place one on top of the other and make a soaring (1) tower. He liked to help the workers when they renovated(2) a house on his street and would try to figure out(3) the plan of the house. Now as a man, he runs his own construction company and is involved in the exacting (4) work of building offices and guest houses for large international companies .These companies are convinced that his accomplishment (5) is the best that is available in the city 1. a) wounding b) rising c) increasing d) flying 2. a) repaired b)constructed b)constructed c)decorated d)destroyed 3. a) calculate b) understand c) guess d) decide 4. a) tiring b) perfect c) accurate d) challenging 5. a)skill b)achievement c)establishment d)work prepared Answers: Ex-1: 1 – d, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – b, 5 – a. Ex-2: 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – c, 4 – a, 5 – b. Ex-3: 1 – b, 2 – a, 3 – b, 4 – d, 5 - b


2

X std. English I paper Marks 100

Time: 2.30 hrs

SECTION I (VOCABULARY- 20 Marks) Part I. 1. (i to v) Synonyms (book-5,52,72 ) 2. (i to v) Antonyms (book-6,54,73,151 )

Part II (Any 10 of the below) 10/12

5 5 10

3. Abbreviations/Acronyms (book-28,29) 4. Homophones (book-6) 5. American English words (book-26,27) 6. Compound words (book-130,131) 7. Giving plurals (book-104,105,106) 8. Prefix & suffix (book-31,150,151) 9. Phrasal verbs (book-53) 10. Syllabification (book-29) 11. Identify the correct word (book-74) 12. Make sentence by given words (book-6,151) 13. Noun / Verb forms - Reframing sent.(book-32) 14. Find the sent. sent. which convey same meaning Extra Exercises. Foreign words (book-131,132) (book-131,132) Idioms (book-14,35,60,87,115,136,1 (book-14,35,60,87,115,136,161,175) 61,175) Giving Noun forms (book-52, WB-40)

SECTION II (GRAMMAR-25 Marks) Part I. Respond to the following

10

15. If clause fill up(book-77,78,79,172) 16. Sentence pattern (book-133,134,135,172) 17. Question tag (book-10,11,176) 18. Degrees of comparison fill up (book-83 ) 19. Find the sent. which convey same meaning 20. Supplying suitable phrase (book-170) 21. Infinitive or Gerund (book-28,29,30,31) 22. Phrasal verb / Phrase preposition (book-53) 23. Articles (book-170) 24. Prepositions (book-112,170) Extra Exercise. Tense /voice (book-109,110,153,154,155 (book-109,110,153,154,155,171) ,171) Auxiliary verbs/modals (book-156,172) (book-156,172) Relative pronouns (book-57,76,174) Identify sentences(book-9)

Part II. Transformation

5 x 2 =10

25. Combining into one sentence using Simple compound complex (book-54,55,56,111) 26. Active voice , passive voice (book-110,111) 27. Direct & Indirect speech (book-6,7,8,173,174) 28. Combining sentences using ‘if’ (book-77,78,79,172) 29. Degrees of comparison Extra Exercise. Sentence types changing (book-10,173) Rewrite using a word (book-31,32,57,173,175) (book-31,32,57,173,175) Rewrite with a starter

Part III. 30. Punctuation (book-175)

1 x5 =5

SECTION III (PROSE – 15 Marks) Part I. (31 to 37). Book Questions. (5/7) 5x2 =10 Part II. 38. (a or b or c) Paragraph ( 1/3) 1x5 = 5 SECTION IV (POETRY – 20 Marks) Part I. 39 (a or b) b) Quote from memory(1/2) 1x5= 5 Part II (40 to 43). Poem Comprehension 5x1= 5 Part III (44 to 48). Appreciation Questions 5x1= 5 Part IV 49 (a or b or c) Paragraph (1/ 3 ) 1x5= 5 SECTION V (Language Functions – 20 Marks) 50. (a to e) Comprehension (book-11,33,57,112,74, 76,104,110,135) 5x2=10 51. (a to e) Error spot (book-111,171) 5x1= 5 52. (a to e) Picture Comprehension (book 33,67,74, 76, 88, 162) 5x1= 5

X std. English I paper (Marks 100, Duration 2.30 hrs)

Section I – Vocabulary (20 marks ) Part I. 1.(i-v) Synonyms (book-5,52,72) 5

(meanings) Type 1 (book page2-para2, 69-2&3, 100-3, 126-4)

Exercise-1: Choose the appropriate synonym of the underlined word: 5x1=5

He was wizened(1) old man with a face like wrinkled parchment(2) and a most piteous(3) expression. Over his shoulders was flung a coarse(4) brown cloak, all tears and tatters. He held out his battered hat for arms(5). 1. a) looking fresh b) died, c) clever, d) looking dried 2. a) a piece of paper b) building c) upstairs upstairs d) book book 3. a) joyful b) line c) sad d) careful 4. a) soft b) rough c) neat d) beautiful 5. a) offerings b) letters c) figures d) animals Exercise – 2: Chaya’s day began long before sunrise, when she and her five children fanned out(1) in the darkness, armed with plastic jugs of every size. After day break, the rumour(2) of a tap with running water sent her stumbling in a panic(3) through the slum’s narrow corridors(4). Now with her containers still empty and the sun blazing over head, she has returned home for a moments rest. Suddenly cries erupt(5), a water truck has been spotted. 1. a)go along b)come forward c)spread out d) went out 2. a) roam b) real c) tale d) false story 3. a) excited b) anxiety c) fear d) joy 4. a) passages b) valley c) building d) lane 5. a) slowly b) suddenly happen c) erect d) silent

Exercise – 3: Even as a child Bharat had enjoyed playing with bricks. He would place one on top of the other and make a soaring (1) tower. He liked to help the workers when they renovated(2) a house on his street and would try to figure out(3) the plan of the house. Now as a man, he runs his own construction company and is involved in the exacting (4) work of building offices and guest houses for large international companies .These companies are convinced that his accomplishment (5) is the best that is available in the city 1. a) wounding b) rising c) increasing d) flying 2. a) repaired b)constructed b)constructed c)decorated d)destroyed 3. a) calculate b) understand c) guess d) decide 4. a) tiring b) perfect c) accurate d) challenging 5. a)skill b)achievement c)establishment d)work prepared Answers: Ex-1: 1 – d, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – b, 5 – a. Ex-2: 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – c, 4 – a, 5 – b. Ex-3: 1 – b, 2 – a, 3 – b, 4 – d, 5 - b


3 (2.(i-v)) Antonyms (book-6,73,151 (book-6,73,151))

5

Part. II (Other vocabularies)

Answer any 10

10 x 1 = 10

gQp< pg{< g < {
1. a) mild b) tired c) young d) funny 2. a) secret b) strong c) love d) public 3. a) laughed b) died c) shocked d) blasted 4. a) annoyed b) indisposed c) happy d) irritable 5. a) dearest b) poorest c) greatest d) decent Exercise – 3: th Besides the two World wars, the 20 century saw several (1) regional wars which were full of brutality (2) with an irreverent (3) attitude towards life in general. However, with the world economy having st improved in the 21 century we tend to feel we are living now as a privileged generation with more comfort and less wars. But are we really a privileged lot? Do we not tremble in panic (4) every time we hear of a bomb blast in a public place and are we not deeply worried when we hear of kidnappings and murders for material gain? We will, and can be, a privileged (5) generation only if all of us make a meaningful attempt to respect human life and aim at living in peace, harmony and contentment with one another, without fear and without ill-will or hatred towards anyone.

1. a) many b)no c) insignificant d) few 2. a) humanness b)dignity c) generosity d) kindness 3. a) involved b) considerate c) spiritual d) respectful 4. a) joy b) indifference indifference c) calmness d) bravery 5. a) deprived b)empowered c)abandoned d)incapable Answers: Ex-1: 1 – a, 2 – b, 3 – c, 4 – c, 5 – d. Ex-2: 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – c, 5 – b. Ex-3: 1 – d, 2 – d, 3 – d, 4 – c, 5 – a.

(3). Abbreviations/Acr Abbreviations/Acronyms onyms (book-28) < < ogiMg
(4). Homophones (book-6) yOv likqvqbie ds
1. Choose the sentence that is correct in its meaning a) We will set sail for Japan next week. b) We will set sale for Japan next week. 2. a) I can here the bell b) I can hear the bell 3. a)We shall meet tomorrow b) We shall meat tomorrow 4. a)I saw some boys playing b)I saw sum boys playing 5. a) The price of the prize is Rs.50. b) The prize of the price is Rs.50.


4 6. a) We wear knew dress on Deepavali b) We wear new dress on Deepavali 7. a) Do you know the answer? No, I don’t. b) Do you no the answer? Know, I don’t. 8. a) I can hear the bell from here. b) I can here the bell from hear. 9. a) Everyone must sea the see. b) Everyone must see the sea. 10. a) I have too pencils b) I have two pencils. Ans: 1 – a, 2 – b, 3 – a, 4 – a, 5 – a, 6 – b, 7 – a, 8 – a, 9 – b, 10 – b. 1.sail – hb{l
6. knew - okvqBl
(5). American English words (book-26) ogiMg
Ans: 1. lift – elevator/escalator, 2. jug – pitcher, 3. torch light – flash light, 4. cutting – clipping 5. washbasin – sink, 6. trumpet - horn 7.fellow–guy 8.jam–jelly 9.chips – French fries 10. dustbin – garbage can or trash can

(6). Compound words (book-130) -V OuX osix
5. Which of the words given below can be placed after ‘cricket’ to form a compound word? a) field b) court c)ground d) area 6. Which of the words given below can be placed before ‘light’ to form a compound word? a) face b) hand c) head d) back 7. Which of the words given below can be placed before the word brow to form a compound word? a) brown b) eye c) hair d) thick 8. Which of the words given below can be placed before the word gazing to form a compound word? a) goat b) star c) boy d) land 9. Which of the words given below can be placed before screen to form a compound word? a) road b) car c) wind d) main 10. Which of the words given below can be placed before worm to form a compound word? a) note b) book c) pencil d) pen

Ans: 1. Car park 2. river bed 3. bath soap, 4. work shop 5. Cricket ground, 6. Face light 7. eye brow, 8. Star gazing, 9. Wind screen 10. book worm.

(7). Giving plurals (book-104): yVjlbig -Vh
Ans: 1 – b, 6 – a,

2 – b, 7 - c.

3 – a, 4 – c, 5 – b, 8 – b, 9 – b, 10 – c.

Gxqh
um .z< Lcf
1. sheep, cattle, deer, , aircraft, , swine Ngqbux

5 (8). Prefix & suffix (book-31,150) ogiMg
Some Prefixes: un, in, dis, il, a, en, mis, im, pre … … ogiMg
Some suffixes: able, ous, ing, or, er, ment, ance… … nu
Exercise – Type1: 1. Attach a prefix to the word ‘__ taken’ from the list given below to complete the sentence. She was __taken for his mother. a) un- b) en- c) mis- d) dis2. The develop__ of nation lies in young people. a) ness b) ment, c) ly, d) al 3. He exhibited his hero___ by fighting bravely. a) ….ity b) …..ism c) ish d) …..ic 4. The shopkeeper dismissed his assistant because he was __ polite to his customers. a) un b) dis c) im d) mis 5. He had close associate___ with many learned persons. a)_ ly b) _ness c) _ion d ) _or 6. Children should not ___ obey their elders. a) un____ b) ____ mis c) dis ____ 7. Geetha ___ placed the book that she borrowed from me. a) dis b) un c) mis 8. Attach a prefix to the word ‘ trans__’ from the list given below to complete the sentence. a) -less b) -ness c) -ful d) –form 9. She felt ‘__secure’ in that place. a) un- b) en- c) in- d) dis10. Rose is a ‘ love__’ flower. a) ….ity b) …..ly c) ish d) …..ic Ans: 1.mistaken, 2. Development, 3. Heroism, 4. impolite, 5. Association, 6. disobey, 7. Misplaced, 8. transform 9. insecure, 10. lovely.

(9). Phrasal verbs (book-53) yV uqjes
Group of words, whose meaning is different, is called Phrasal Verbs. It can not be interpreted word by word. It Functions as a single word. It can be – Verb + Adverb. (or) Verb + preposition (or) Verb + adverb + Preposition 1. The officer looked into the matter. (examine) 2. He reeled off lines after lines. (repeat, recite) 3. They put off the match. (postpone) 4. He takes after his mother. (look like, act like) 5. The mother looks after the baby. (take care of) 6. I can’t put up with such a noisy class. (Tolerate) 7. The telephone went on ringing. (going on) 8. They put off the match. (postpone) 9. He hit on a brilliant idea. (discover) 10. She got over her grief. (recovered from)

Exercise:

1. Replace the underlined word in the sentence with one of the phrasal verbs given below to convey the same meaning. I will search the dictionary for the meaning of this word. a) look upon b) look up to c) look up d) look at 2. Children love to wear new cloths. a) put on, b) lay over, c) get back, d) go over. 3. He resembles his father. a) takes up, b) take back, c) takes after 4. They will postpone the match due to heavy rain. a) put on, b) put off, c) put in d) put aside 5. The manager will cancel the meeting. a) call on, b) call out, c) call in, d) call off. 6. He will surely pass the examination with flying colours. a) get out b) get in c) get through 7. Sundar knows how to get on with his colleagues. a) avoid blows b) share the work c) spend time d) be friendly 8. I will not yield to pressure, I shall face the challenge bravely. a) give away b) give in c) give out d) give off 9. The lawyer managed the case cleverly. a) dealt in b) dealt with c) dealt out d) dealt on 10. He continued to resist his father’s view. a) went on b) lay by c) stand out d) give in Ans:1 – c, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – b, 5 – d. 6 – c, 7 – d, 8 – b, 9 – b, 10 – c.

(10). Syllabification (book-29) Separate the syllables of any one of the following ogiMg
(11). Choosing the correct word (book-74): svqbie nv
1. Choose the appropriate word to make a meaningful sentence: He likes to _____ his favourite TV serial the whole hour. a) see b) watch 2. Many people want to ____ a flat. a) buy, b) purchase. 3. Overeating _____ his health. a)affected b)effected 4. His Father ____ to send him to the tour organized by his school a) accepted, b) expected . 5. They _______ clean drinking water for the party. a) prepare b)provide

Ans: 1. watch, (njsBl< gim

6 (12). Making sentence using words(book-151): ogiMg
1. Construct a sentence using one of the words given below: a) earnest b) earnestly c) earnestness 2. a) beauty, b) beautify, c) beautiful, d) beautifully. 3. a) fortune b) fortunate, c) fortunately. 4. a) pity, b) piteous c) piteouly 5. a) sympathy, b) sympathetic, c) sympathetically 6. a) read, b) reading, c) readable 7. a) calm b) calmly c) calmness 8. a) intelligence b) intelligent c) intelligently 9. a) free b) freedom c) freely 10. a) decision b) decide c) decisive Ans : 1. (a) He took earnest effort to pass the exam. (b) He studied earnestly to pass the exam (c) He has no earnestness in his studies. 2. a) The garden is a beauty to this house. b) Please beautify the room with roses. c) She is very beautiful d) The room was beautifully decorated. 3. a) He is a fortune to his company. b) He was fortunate to get job in US. c) Fortunately he got a job in US. 4. a) He took pity on him. b) She was in a piteous condition. c) She wept piteously. 5. a) Ragu shows sympathy on a poor man b) She was sympathetic on seeing him c) She enquired him sympathetically. 6. a) Please read the passage. b) Reading books is a good habit. c) His handwriting is not a readable one. 7. a) Be calm for some time. b) Observe it calmly. c) I feel calmness in the hall. 8. a) His intelligence was appreciated. b) He is an intelligent boy. c) She talks intelligently. 9. a) He is a free man. b) We got freedom in1947. c) He talks freely with others. 10. a) He always makes right decision. b) He decides to buy a car. c) He is very decisive.

Operation Arrival Reaction Renovation Dedication Presence Organization Imagination Creation Migration Excitement Success Failure

Operate Arrive React Renovate Dedicate Present Organize Imagine Create Migrate Excite Succeed Fail

Operated Arrived Reacted Renovated Dedicated Presented Organized Imagined Created Migrated Excited Succeeded Failed

Verb form Ng lix
Noun form – J Verb form – Ng lix
He

was doubtful

about his uncle’s arrival.

Past tenseNg lix
He

doubted

his uncle’s arrival.

1. Noun form uii
Example – 2 )lx
1. Reframe the sentence using the underlined word as a verb: The teacher gave a definition of the formula through an illustration. 2. The teacher gave a description of human nature. 3. The farmers started the cultivation of kuruvai crop at the onset of monsoon Gxqh
Doubtful Definition Description Cultivation Construction Entertainment

Verb form (present) Doubt Define Describe Cultivate Construct Entertain

Verb form (past) Doubted Defined Described Cultivated Constructed Entertained

3. The farmers cultivated the kuruvai crop at the onset of monsoon. 4. Ramu constructed this building 5. He doubted his uncle’s arrival. 6. Rahim calculates within seconds. 7. The officer approved his application. 8. He died in heart attack. 9. The magician performed wonderfully. 10. The Inspector identified the culprit.


(14). Find sentence which convey same meaning: 1. Which of the two sentences given below conveys the following meaning? ‘They did not succeed in any other subject’ a) These are the only students successful in the Mathematics test. b) These are the students successful only in the Mathematics test. 2. ‘He is not interested in any game’ a)He is interested only in studies and indoor games b) He is interested only in his studies. 3. He is neither good in studies nor in sports. a) He is good in both studies and sports. b) He is not good in studies but good in sports. c) He is not good both in studies and sports. 4. Very few students are as clever as Sita a). There are some other students who are equally clever b) Other students are not equal to her in cleverness. 5. He has almost completed his home work. a) He has still to do lot in his homework. b) He will be free from his home work soon. 6. She should have returned the book to library. a) The due date to return the book is over. b) She has time but should return now. 7. He has been staying here for five years. a) Still he is staying here. b) He stayed once but now he does not stay here. 8, ‘We will always remember those happy days’. a) Will we ever forget those happy days? b) Will we forever remember those happy days? 9. We could not visit any other country in Europe. a) Germany is the only country we visited in Europe b) We are the only people who visited Europe. 10. The students did not pass in any other language test a) These are the students who passed only in Hindi language test. b) These are the only students who passed in Hindi language test.

Ans: 1 – b, 6 – a,

2 – b, 3 – c, 4 - a, 5 – b, 7 – a, 8 – a, 9 – a, 10 – a.

7 Idioms (book-14,35,60,87,115,136,161,175) upg
To beat the drum (kLg
Giving Noun forms (book-52) ogiMg
1. Give noun form of ‘popular’ (Ans: Popularity) 2. Give noun form of ‘perfect’ (Ans: Perfection) 3. Give noun form of ‘accept’ (Ans: acceptance) 4. Give noun form of ‘dark’ (Ans: darkness) 5. Give noun form of ‘absent’ (Ans: absence)

SECTION II – GRAMMAR(25marks) Part I. Respond to following as directed 10x1=10 < < gQpg < {
(15). If clause (book-77,172) yVosbz< fmf
Extra Exercises: Foreign words (book-131) Oux
Psyche Chaos Climax Kudos Trama

a) Culminating point b) Emotional shock c) Soul and mind d) Confusion and disorder e) praise

Answers 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – e, 5 – b. Type2. 1. Give the meaning for ‘bonafide’ 2. Give the meaning for ‘lathi’ 3. Give the equalent word for ‘ghat’ 4. Give the meaning for ‘exempli’ 5. Give the meaning for ‘valet’ Ans: 1. in good faith or genuine 2. a heavy stick. 3. mountain pass 4. for example 5. attendant.

Two contrasting characters in the same category (-V uqk
uig
2. Improbable / Imaginary Conditions: fmg

8 Type 2 1. Which of the option given below will suit the 1. If you had played well, you would have won following sentence? the match. _______she would have completed her work. fQ fe
3. Unfulfilled Conditions(fqjxOuxik osbz
a) I would pass b) I will pass c) I would have passed

8. If he were patient __________ . a) he would have won the argument b) he will win the argument c) he would win the argument 9. If you called me ………….. a) I would have come. b) I would come. c) I will come 10. If you study well, ______________. a) You would surely get good marks. b) You will surely get good marks. c) You would have got good marks. Ans 1 - c, 2 – c, 3 – b, 4 – c, 5 – a, 6 – b, 7 – c, 8 – c, 9 – b, 10 – b.

S+V +C

+

A

Exercise: 1. Identify the pattern of the following sentence: He answered my question instantly a) SVOA b) SVCA c) SV IO DO 2. Birds fly in the sky. a) SVIODO b) SVOA c) SVCA d) SVA 3. Vinoth became a teacher. a) SVOC, b) SVCA, c) SVC, d) SVO 4. We played tennis yesterday. a) SVOA, b) SVCA, c) SVAA, d) SVIODO. 5. We call Gandhi ‘Mahatma’. a) SVCA, b) SVOC, c) SVAA, d) SVIODO.


9 6. Suddenly they heard a cry. a) SVOA, b) SVCA, c) ASVO, d) ASVC 7. Velu grew tired after the match a) SVOC b) SVAA c) SVIODO d) SVAC 8. Ravi is a doctor a) SVO b) SVA c) SVC 9. There I saw a picture. a) SVO b) ASVO c) ASVC 10. Brundha behaves well a) SVA b) SVO c) SVC Ans: 1 – a, 2 – d, 3 – c, 4 – a, 5 – b, 6 – c, 7 – b, 8 – c, 9 – b, 10 – c.

(17). Question tag (book-10,176) Question tags are used to confirm the statement. wkqvitqjb fil< osiz
Positive sentences take negative tags uig
Step 1. Find out the helping verb 2. Add ‘not’ to them and short it. 3. Then write Pronoun (Subject) Kj{ uqjes
Ex. You are good  are not you? aren’t you? fQ fz
1) go = do + go 2) goes = does + go 3) Went = did + go

They come late, don't they? He goes late, doesn't he? He went late, didn't he? Negative sentences take positive tags uig
They don't tell lies, do they?

wtqbLjx; 1. is/was/are/were/have/has/had uf
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

It is raining, isn’t it? It is not raining, is it? Raju reads his book, doesn’t he? Ramu can play football, can’t he? Ramu can’t play chess, can he? Let’s go for a film, shall we? Lend me your book, can you? Listen here, won’t you? Don’t play now, will you? He is playing cricket, isn't he?

Exercise: 1. Choose the correct question tag for the following statement: Students should be allowed to use the library everyday. ____________? a) Should they? b) Isn’t it? c) Shouldn’t they?

2. We get uninterrupted power supply ____? a) Getn’t we? b) Didn’t we? c) Don’t we? 3. I’m not late, ______? a) aren’t I?, b) am I?, c) should I? 4. Give me your pen please, _____? a) will you? b) won’t you? c) shouldn’t you? 5. They will ask for money, ______? a) will they?, b) won’t they?, c) do they? 6. Let us go for a picnic, ______? a) will you?, b) shall we?, c) should we? 7. Many of us do not know the information, __? a) don’t we? b) do they? c) do we? 8. Students should use the time usefully ___? a) will you? b) should they? c) shouldn’t they?

9. The flag has four colours on it _______? a) has it b) hasn’t it c) do they? She didn't get bail, did she? 10. There is no water in the tank ______? You have no cars, have you? a) is it so? b) is there? c) isn’t there? Few, rarely, hardly, never, seldom, none -Ngqbju uf
Commands and r equests t ake only positive tags: Give me some place; will you? Please show me the way; will you? Let’s start ; shall we? Let us go for a film, shall we? gm
1. Positive degree – Ramu is as tall as Ravi viL vuqjbh

10 Exercise:

Forms of adjectives: Positive One syllable Tall Short Big Brave Thin Old Large Thick Dark Two syllables Funny Clever heavy Multi syllabic useful Beautiful wonderful

Irregular Good Far bad

Comparative

Superlative

Taller Shorter Bigger Braver Thinner Older Larger Thicker Darker

Tallest Shortest Biggest Bravest Thinnest Oldest Largest Thickest Darkest

Funnier Cleverer heavier

Funniest Cleverest heaviest

More useful More beautiful More wonderful

Most useful Most beautiful Most wonderful

Better Farther worse

Best Farthest Worst

1. Complete the sentence: No other girl in the class is ______ Kamala. a) most clever as b) more cleverer as c) as clever as 2. Very few boys in the class are ___ Sathish. a) more brilliant than, b) most brilliant, c) as brilliant as 3. Rose is one of the ___ flowers a) more fragrant, b) most fragrant, c) as fragrant as 4. Lotus is ______ than many other flowers. a) more beautiful b) as beautiful as c) the most beautiful 5. No other ocean is ____ the Pacific. a) so large as, b) larger than, c) as large as 6. Mt. Everest is _____ peak in the world a)one of the highest, b) the highest, c)higher 7. The Earth is _____ the moon. a) as big as, b) bigger than, c) the biggest 8. Shiela is the _____ girl in the class a) cleverest b) cleverer c) clever

9. Taj is _____ buildings in India. a) the most wonderful b) more wonderful c) one of the most wonderful 10. David is _________ boy in the class. Degrees- njlh
Nobody can forget how India won her freedom. Type 1. ( -V ohiVmgjt yh
11 7. Nowhere could I find my lost purse. a) I could not find my lost purse nowhere. b) I could find my lost purse somewhere. c) I could not find my lost purse anywhere. 8. Nobody could I contact after the accident. a) I could not contact anybody after the accident. b) I could contact someone after the accident c) I could not contact no one after the accident. 9. Seldom do I get any sleep. a) I sleep always b) I never get sleep c) I get sleep some time. 10. Everyone told the truth. a) Anybody did not tell the truth. b) No one told the truth. c) No one told a lie. Ans 1 – b, 2 – b, 3 – b, 4 – b, 5 – a, 6 – c, 7 – c, 8 – a, 9 – c, 10 – c.

(20). Supplying suitable phrase (book-53, 170 ) Transformation hGkqbqz< Simple Compound Complex

hGkqbqz< uVl< Phrase-gjt fe
+ we
(21). Infinitive (book-29) / Gerund (book-30) Infinitive we
1. I enjoy ………….. stories for children. (writing) 2. I dream about……… a big house. (building) 3. He avoided ….. much time on the computer. (spending) 4. He prevented me from………. the contract. (signing) 5. Maran is too tired ………..the work (to finish) 6. He agreed …….. me a computer. (to buy)

Exercises: 1. Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence: Maran is too tired ………..the work a) finish b) finishing c) to finish 2. He agreed ___________ me a computer. a) buy b) buying c) to buy 3. My mother is fond of ____ a) cooking b) cook 4. I do not like ____ mangoes. a) eat, b) eating c) to eat. 5. Ravi liked ____ songs. a) sing, b) sang, c) to sing 6. She decided _____ a watch. a) buy, b) buying, c) to buy 7. The society has nothing ____ with entertainment. a) doing b) to do c)done 8. We always enjoy ____ poems a) read b) reading 9. ____ is human. a) err b)erring c) to err. 10. This dish is tasty _____ a) eating b) to eat c) eat. Ans: 1 – c, 2 – c, 3 – a, 4 – b, 5 – c, 6 – c, 7 – b, 8 – b, 9 – c, 10 – b.

(22). Phrasal verbs / Phrase Preposition (book-53) -v{
Exercise: 1. Choose the correct phrase to complete the sentence: The farmers were keen _____ the fields before the monsoon. a) for harvesting b) on harvesting c) to harvesting 2. He was instrumental _____ the company a) on developing, b) in developing c ) for developing 3. The students are interested _____ marks. a) in scoring, b) to score, c) for scoring 4. The railway station is ………..my house a) on account of b) in the event of c) in front of 5. The principal wanted to discuss ____ with teachers. a) on the matter b) with the matter c) about the matter

6. When we entered ____ he was sleeping. a) in the room b) into the room c) within the room PREPARED BY K.CHINNAPPAN B.T.Asst., VIVEKANANDA HR SEC SCHOOL, THIRUPPARAITTURAI – 639 115.

12 7. The students were interested ____ in competitions. Ans: 1 – c, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – b, 5 – b, a) in participating b) on participating c) at participating 6 – a, 7 – b, 8 – a, 9 – a, 10 – c. 8. I am fond ____ T.V Dash-g
(23). Articles (book-170) The articles are a, an, the. (‘a’&‘an’– Indefinite articles.

‘the’ - definite article.)

‘a’ - yV ‘an’ - Yv< ‘the’ – nf
1. ‘a’ & ‘an’ - before singular, countable nouns (yVjl lx
Ex. An apple, a pencil (‘a milk’ kuX) 2. ‘a’ & ‘an’ - for the first time. (Lkz
Ex. An apple, an umbrella, an hour (nl
Ex. The school, the poor, the rich 6. ‘the’ - for only one of its kind)dzgqz< ye
a) a

b)an

c)the

9. My neighbor has ___ flock of sheep. a) a b)an c)the 10. There is a tiger in the forest ____tiger was hungry. a) a b)an c)the

(24). Prepositions (book-112,170) -ms
1. Choose the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence: The people stood ___________ the road to watch the procession go by. a) across b) along c) on 2. The boy was waiting ____ his mother. a) of b) for c) in 3. The cat is __ the wall. a) along, b) across, c) on 4. The dog hid ___ the door. a) under, b) against, c) behind. 5. My brother was waiting ___ me at the airport. a) of, b) for, c) in 6. The dogs were quarrelling __ themselves. a) among, b) between, c) to


13 7. He swim ____ the river. a) on b) under, c) across. 8. He is ___ home. a) in, b) at, c) into, d) beside. 9. The woodcutter was going into the forest ___ his axe. a) at b) on c) with 10. The work will be over ___ this evening. a) by b) on c) in Ans: 1 – b, 2 – b, 3 – c, 4 – c, 5 – b, 6 – a, 7 – c, 8 – b, 9 – c, 10 – a. (at-Gxqhqm
Extra Exercises: Tense / voice (book-153,171) uqjes< osiz
1. I ____ a glass of milk every morning. a) drink, b) drank, c) drinking, d)drinks 2. These villagers __ the folk songs in their pure form a) preserves b) preserving c) have preserved 3. We ____ Delhi last summer. a) visit b) visited c) visits d) visiting 4. These pictures ______ by our drawing master. a) draw b) are drawing c) were drawn Ans: 1.drink 3.visited

2.have preserved 4.were drawn

Auxiliary verbs/models(book-156,172) Kj{ uqjes
Must: You must recite this poem (necessity) I must help him (obligation) He is very tall. He must be a soldier. Ought to: You ought to convey this message. You ought to listen to the teacher. Need: Do we need to attend the program (necessity) You needn’t meet him (lack of necessity) Dare: How dare you ask me for more money? She didn’t dare to face him. (challenge)

Exercise: 1. It ___ rain today. a) will b) should c) may 2. You ____ not waste your time. a) should b) would c) might 3. You ____ respect elders. a) should b) will c) ought to 4. Gandhi _____ walk long distances. a) ought to b) used to c) dare to 5. How _____ you oppose me? a) could b) will c) dare. Ans: 1.may 2.should 4. used to 5. Dare

3. ought to

Relative pronouns (book-174) uqeis
These words join two parts of a sentence. They refer nouns stands before. For Example 1. This is the Man who taught us before. 2. The book which you gave me is lost. 3. You are the man whom I wanted to see. 4. My sister, who is in Mumbai, is arriving now. 5. Bring me the book that is on the table.

Combining of sentences with relative pronouns 1.

I bought some apples in the market. They were costly. I bought some apples in the market, which were costly.

2. The old man lost his purse. He is crying. The old man who lost his purse, is crying. 3. This is the hotel. We meet here often. This is the hotel where we meet often. 4. I like the boy. His temper is good. I like the boy whose temper is good. 5. I saw a man. He had a wooden leg. I saw a man who had a wooden leg. 6. This is the book. I wanted to read it. This is the book which I wanted to read. 7. This is the place. We meet here often. This is the place where we meet often. 8. I like Sujatha. His novels are very interesting. I like Sujatha whose novels are very interesting. 9. This is the boy. I saved him last month. This is the boy whom I saved last month. 10. A man is honest. He succeeds in life. A man who is honest, succeeds in life.


14 Exercise: 1.This is Ram. He is the leader of our class. (who) 2. He suggested many ideas. They were not practical. (which) 3. The performance of these students has been out standing. They will be given special prizes (whose) 4. Did you buy the shirt? You saw it in the shop (which) 5. I know the girl. She is a famous sportsperson. (who) 6. My book was missing. I found it (which) Answers. 1. This is Ram, who is the leader of our class. 2. He suggested many ideas which were not practical. 3. These students, whose performance has been out standing, will be given special prizes. 4. Did you buy the shirt which you saw in the shop. 5. I know the girl, who is a famous sportsperson. 6. I found my book which was missing.

5. He had finished his meals. He watched TV. 6. It rained heavily. All trains are stopped. 7. She opened the door. She came in. 8. Kannan was not intelligent. He was not diligent. 9. It may rain. We shall stay at home. 10. Prem completes his home work. Then he goes to bed. Ans: 1. When Anand heard that he had won the first prize, he jumped with joy. (Nef
3. Sheela is a cleaver girl and she is the best singer. ]Qzi yV Hk
< nut< sqxf
4. If you walk daily, you will be healthy. fQ kqeLl< fmf< < fQ fzlig -Vh
Exercise:

1. Open you books at page 80. a) Statement b) Interrogative c) Imperative. 2. What a dirty place this is! a) Exclamatory b) Interrogative c) Imperative. 3. Please leave you footwear outside the hall. a) Statement b) Interrogative c) Imperative. 4. How talented you are! a) Statement b) Interrogative c) Exclamatory. 5. How do you go to school? a) Statement b) Interrogative c) Imperative. 6. I do not want to see this movie. a) Statement-Affirmative b) Statement-Negative c) Imperative. 7. Can you show me the way to railway station? a) Statement b) Interrogative c) Imperative Ans: 1 – c, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – c, 5 – b, 6 – b, 7 – b. Part II (Transformation) Answer all as directed

g{<{e< Hk
10. After completing his home work Prem goes to bed uQmM < h
when-ohiPK? though--Vf
gQpg < {
Type1 (time) As soon as I saw the snake, I searched for a stick. (when, while, after, before) – complex I saw the snake and I searched for a stick. (and at once, immediately, and soon) – compound On seeing the snake, I searched for a stick. (having seen, Immediately after seeing) – simple

5 x 2 = 10

(njek
(25). Combining into one sentence (book-55,111) (using simple compound complex) ogiMg
Exercise: 1. From the context of the two sentences given below form a single sentence. Anand heard that he had won the first prize. Anand jumped with joy . 2. She worked hard. She could not get the state rank 3. Sheela is a clever girl. Sheela is the best singer. 4. You must walk daily. You will be healthy.

Type – 2 (reason) She was absent because she was sick. / As she was sick, she was absent. (since) – complex She was sick so she was absent (and so, therefore)

- compound

Because of her being sick, she was absent. (owing to her sickness, Due to her sickness, On the account of her being sick - simple As the examinations were over, the students left the hostel. – complex The examinations were over and the students left the hostel. – compound The examinations being over, the students left the hostel. - simple


15 Type – 3 (Result) He is so weak, that he cannot walk. (such…that) – cmplx He is very weak and so he can not walk. (so) -cmpd He is too weak to walk. / As a result of his weakness, he can not walk.(in the consequence of) - simple We eat so that we may live. – complex We eat and so we live - compound We eat to live. - simple Type – 4 (Inability) Though they run very fast, they missed the train. (although, even though, even if) – complex They run very fast but they missed the train. (yet, still) - compound In spite of their running very fast, they missed the train. (despite, notwithstanding) - simple Type – 5 (Condition) If you work hard you will succeed.

– complex

(You) work hard and you will succeed / You work hard only then you will succeed - cmpound In the event of your working hard you will succeed. (In case of your working hard) /You will succeed with hard working - simple Type – 5.1 (Negative Condition) Unless you work hard you will fail./ If you do not work hard you will fail – complex You work hard or (or else, otherwise)you will fail -cpnd In case of your not working hard, you will fail./ You will fail without hard working - simple Type – 6 (Relative Pronoun) The moment which is lost is lost for ever – complex The moment is lost and it is lost for ever. – compnd The lost moment is lost for ever. - simple The law will punish whoever is guilty. - complex The guilty will be punished and the law will do it - cmpd The law will punish the guilty. - simple she hopes that she will get the job - complex She will get this job and she hopes it. -compound She hopes to get this job. - simple

Step 1: Interchange the subject and Object. )wPuijbBl< osbhMohiVjtBl< -ml< lix
Step 2 :Verb should be changed. )uqjes
For Verb Change )uqjes
2.If it is in Continuous tense insert ‘being’ and write past participle form of the verb(PP). (countinousNg -Vf
3. If it is in Perfect Tense insert ‘been’ between the have/has/had/shall have/will have and the main verb. (Perfect(have,had)-Ng -Vf
If the subject is pronouns then it must be changed as follows I => by me, We => by us You=> by you He => by him She => by her It => by it. They => by them Who => by whom Ravi => Ravi (ohbv
Example1: Rama killed Ravana -vile< ogie
A letter is being written by me. yV gckl< wPkh
Example3: We had written the exam.

(26). Active voice , Passive voice (book-109) Active voice - osb
fir
The exam had been written by us. Okv
)-K nueiz< osb
ohiKuig osb
Active Voice to Passive Voice: Ravi

Subject Object Football

Plays

+

Verb

football

+

Object

Verb change

by

Subject

is played

by

Ravi

1) Subject - Object -ml< lix

Tenses

Active voice

Passive voice

Simple present

Rani eats a mango.

Simple past

Ravi played cricket.

Simple future Present continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous Present Perfect

Ram will drink coffee. Rani is eating a mango. Ravi was playing cricket. Ram will be drinking coffeet Rani has eaten a mango. Ravi had played cricket. Ravi will have played cricket

Past Perfect Future Perfect

Active and Passive voice-

A mango is eaten by Rani. Cricket was played by Ravi. Coffee will be drunk by Ram. A mango is being eaten by Rani. Cricket was being played by Ravi. ---no passive---

A mango has been eaten by Rani. Cricket had been played by Ravi. Cricket will have been played cricket : Passive Voice

Active Voice Simple S + Present – Pr.V / Pr.V+s Am/is/are + PP Past - Past verb Was/were + PP Future - shall/will Pr.V Shall be/ will be + PP Continuous S + Pre - am/is/are +V+ing Am/is/are +being+PP Past-was/were +V+ing Was/were +being+PP F-willbe/shallbe+V+ing -------(no passive)---Perfect S + Pr- have/has + PP have/has + been + PP Past – had + PP had + been + PP Fu- shall /will have + pp shall/will have+been+PP Perfect Continuous S + Pr- have/has been V+ing Past – had been V+ing -------(no passive)---Fu- shall /will have been V+ing

Simple Present Tense (Active & Passive): I write a letter We write a letter You write a letter He writes a letter She writes a letter It writes a letter They write a letter I write letters

A letter is written by me A letter is written by us A letter is written by you A letter is written by him A letter is written by her A letter is written by it A letter is written by them Letters are written by me And so on…

Simple Past tense: I ate an apple We ate an apple You ate an apple He ate an apple She ate an apple It ate an apple They ate an apple I ate apples

An apple was eaten by me An apple was eaten by us An apple was eaten by you An apple was eaten by him An apple was eaten by her An apple was eaten by it An apple was eaten by them Apples were eaten by me And so on…..

16 Present Continues tense: ‘being’ Verb-

PP-

I am painting this picture now This picture is being painted by me now We are painting this picture now This picture is being painted by us now You are painting this picture now This picture is being painted by you now He is painting this picture now This picture is being painted by him now She is painting this picture now This picture is being painted by her now It is painting this picture now This picture is being painted by it now They are painting this picture now This picture is being painted by them now I am painting these pictures now These pictures are being painted by me now And so on……

Past Continuous Tense: I was wasting time then. Time was being wasted by me then We were wasting time then Time was being wasted by us then You were wasting time then Time was being wasted by you then And so on…..

There is no Passive form for Future continuous tense.

Present Perfect tense: ‘been’ I have done my home work. My home work has been done by me We have done our home work Our home work has been done by us You have done your home work Your home work has been done by you He has done his home work His home work has been done by him. She has done her home work. Her home work has been done by her It has done it’s home work It’s home work has been done by it The have done their home work Their home work has been done by them

Past Perfect tense: Tsunami had washed away their houses Their houses had been washed away by Tsunami

Simple Future tense: I shall play cricket We shall play cricket You will play cricket He will play cricket She will play cricket It will play cricket They will play cricket

Cricket will be played by me Cricket will be played by us Cricket will be played by you Cricket will be played by him Cricket will be played by her Cricket will be played by it Cricket will be played by them

Future Perfect tense: I shall have written a letter to him A letter will have been written by me to him. Note : There is no passive form for all Perfect Continuous


17 For Commands Active Voice Open the door Shut the door Say the prayers Speak the truth Select the flowers Never say a lie give me water Do this at once Don't do this Don't insult the poor verbDon’t

Passive Voice Let the door be opened Let the door be shut Let the prayers be said Let the truth be spoken. Let the flowers be selected Never a lie is to be said Let me be given water Let this be done at once Let not this be done Let not the poor be insulted LetLet not

Examples for Changing Active to Passive: 1. 2.

3. 4.

The children painted these pictures. These pictures were painted by the children. Who broke the windowpanes? The windowpanes were broken by whom? By whom the windowpanes were broken? They were constructing a dam. A dam was being constructed by them. We must help the poor. The poor must be helped by us.

Changing into active voice: )kjzgQp < lixPresent, PP=>Past) 3. Remove ‘by’ (by Osv<) 4. Write the object last.)Lkzqz< -Vf
9. A story had been told to me by my grandmother, before I went to bed. 10. The answer papers will be given to us by the teacher next week.

(27). Direct & Indirect speech (book-6,173) yVuv< %Xujk nuv< osiz
Direct to Indirect Rules

:

Step 1 Remove “………” Olx
Conjunction -jmosiz< conjunction Osv
Reporting verb present or future or universal kiz< dt
Reporting verb past tense Ng -Vf< kiz< dt Past NgUl< Past verb => Past perfect NgUl< lix< Xg/

Step 6

Ans: 1. My pencil had been sharpened and it had been used to sketch the diagram by me 2. Let the door be opened. Step 7 3. The radio was invented by Marconi. 4. Four problems have been answered and now the fifth problem is being answered by me. 5. A day was spent at Ooty and the visit has been enjoyed by me. 6. English is spoken fluently by Ragu and he will be selected for the post (by them). 7. The window was broken by the boys while playing. 8. Many accidents have been caused by careless driving.

Structure Change: Question, Exclamatory Format-gjt Answer nz

18 Reporting Speech

Reported Speech

Raja said to Kannan, “I am talking with her now”. Listener Speaker. Reporting verb

Pronoun Pronoun Reported verb Time adv.

Conj. Raja told Kannan that he was talking with her then. Reporting verb n e m e t t a t S

Conjunction

Say say, Will say say Says to – tells Said said, Said to – told

e v i t a g o r r e t n I

Said asked/ inquired Said to asked Asked asked

e v i t a r e p m I

Said, said to Commanded, Ordered Advised, Warned Asked, requested

y r o t a m a l c x E

Said, said to Exclaimed Hurrah Exclaimed joyfully Alas! Oh! Exclaimed sorrowfully

Pronoun Change (for step 4): a) Reporting speech-y; Speaker

*Imperative( change

Tense

2&3

& Conjunction

Change in Reporting verb

Tense change(for step 5): 1. Present Tense Past Tense (am,is,are was,were) (have,has had) 2. Past Tense had + PP 3. will would 4. shall should 5. can could 6. may might 7. must had to

‘that’ i) Wh Qns - same Qn. Word ii) Yes or no - if or whether

‘to’ ‘not to’ (for Don’t)

‘that’

I’we uf
He/She his/her him/her they their them d) Reporting speech-y; Listener ( me’ we uf I Your => my you => me e) Reporting speech-y; Listener ( us’ we uf we Your => our you => us f)Reporting speech-y; III personNg < Listener ( uf
‘

You=>He/She/They, Your=> his/her/their, you=> him/her/them

g)Reported Speech < He / She / It / They / his / her / its / their / him / them we
Format Change (for step 6): Question format => Answer format Ogt He asked her who her father is. Exclamatory format => Normal format d{v He exclaimed that the Taj Mahal is very beautiful. She said, “What a beautiful picture it is!” => She exclaimed that it is a very beautiful picture.

Time Adverbials Change (for step 7): 1. This (-K* that)nK* 2.these those 3. now )-h
Examples: 1. He said, “I will be in New York on Sunday” He said that he would be in New York on Sunday. 2. The teacher said to Mohan, “Why were you absent to school yesterday?” The teacher asked Mohan why he had been absent to school the previous day. 3. All the visitors said, “What an excellent sculpture it is!” All the visitors exclaimed that it was an excellent sculpture. 4. Raju said, “I am going to Ooty for the holidays.” Raju said that he was going to Ooty for the holidays. 5. The headmaster said to Mohan, “Bring your father to school tomorrow.” The headmaster asked Mohan to bring his father to school the next day.


19 Ans: 1. Pritam said to the shopkeeper, “Will you exchange the defective torch which I bought (the reverse process.kjzgQp < lix I, you they => we/you 5. Praveen said to me, “I do not go to movies often.” OhShuv
Indirect to Direct:

uig
Exercise (Type 1):

Lkz< uig
nkx I-type Negative (present-will) when we left the class. Present-Present (Negative) => II-type positive(past-would) 9. Selvan wondered if he could climb that hill. Past-Past (positive) => III-type negative (had-PP-wouldn’t have) 10. The teacher told Rangan that she was happy to see Past-Past (Negative) => III-type positive. (had-PP-would have) that he had done the exercises correctly. Perfect (positive) => III-type negative (had-PP-wouldn’t have) Perfect (negative) => III-type positive. (had-PP-would have)


20 Examples: 1) He runs fast. He wins the race. (nue< Ouglig YMgqxie
If he doesn’t run fast, he will not win the race. (nue< Ouglig Ymuqz
2) He doesn’t run fast. He doesn’t win the race. If he ran fast, he would win the race. (nue< Ouglig YcbqVf
3) He studied well. He passed in the exam. If he hadn’t studied well, he wouldn’t have passed in exam. (nue< fe
4) He didn’t study well. He did not pass in the exam. If he had studied well, he would have passed in exam (nue< fe
5) He had practiced well. He had won the race. If he hadn’t practiced well, he wouldn’t have win the race (nue< fe
6) He hadn’t practiced well. He hadn’t won the race. If he had practiced well, he would h ave won the race. )nue< fe
Exercise: 1. From the context of the two sentences given below form a single sentence using the ‘If ‘ clause. The glass falls. The glass breaks. 2. You waste water. You suffer. 3. Run fast. You can catch the bus. 4. You are tired. You take rest. 5. The mother prepares the food. The daughter lays the table ready. 6. Raju did not study well. He will not pass. 7. Heat the ice. It will melt. 8. Work hard. You will pass in the exam. 9. I won a lottery. I buy a BMW car. 10. I went to Newyork. I saw Obama. Ans: 1. If the glass falls, it will break. (If the glass doesn’t fall, it will not break) g{<{ic uqpikqVf
gQp
Subject + verb + the + of

‘adj + est’ +(other part ‘most + adj’

Ram

is the

sentence)

tallest boy in the class.

Comparative

-V fhi< nz
----(1)--- is taller than ----(2)…. Example: Mohan is taller than Prem. Exercise: 1. Read the following sentences about Smitha’s family and write an observation in a single sentence using any one of the degrees of comparison. Smitha is 5 feet tall Kumar is 4.5 feet tall. Prem is 5.5 feet tall. Nina is 3.5 feet tall. Mohan is 6 feet tall. 2. Babu is 5 feet tall Julie is 6 feet tall Mithun is 6 feet tall Tony is 5 feet tall. Vimal is 4.5 feet tall.

3. Rama is 14 years old Kumar is 11 years old. Priya is 17 years old Prema is 10 years old Ravi is 13 years old 4. The cost of brinjal is Rs. 30/kg The cost of Onion is Rs. 45/kg The cost of bitterguard is Rs. 25/kg The cost of tomato is Rs. 23/kg The cost of potato is Rs. 40/kg 5. Read the following sentences about the world’s top five skyscrapers and write an observation in a single sentence using any one of the degrees of comparison. Building Name Burj Khalifa Abraj Al-Bait Towers Taipei 101

(Location) Height (Dubai ) 828 m (Mecca ) 601 m (Taipei ) 509 m 492 m Shanghai World Financial Center (Shanghai ) International Commerce Centre (Hong Kong) 484 m

Ans 1. Mohan is taller than Prem. )nz
21 Part III (30). Punctuation (book-175)

3. Priya is elder (older) than Rama. )nz
Extra Exercises: Sentence type changing: (book-10,173 )

6

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Exercise: Transform the sentences as directed 1. How ferocious the tiger is! (into statement) 2. No one can match his intelligence (into affirmative) 3. Fill all the vessels with water (into statement) 4. He always late to school (into negative statement) 5. Is there any substance hotter than fire? (into stat..)

Ans: 1. The tiger is ferocious. 2. His intelligence is matchless 3. You should fill the vessels with water. 4. He never comes early to school. 5. There is no substance hotter than fire.

Rewriting using a word (book-173,175) Exercise:

1. Rewrite as directed. Muthu is a man of great courage (using ‘who’) 2. She likes to be adventurous. (use ‘adventure’) 3. Be courageous to stand up for the truth (use courage) 4. Please tell me when I should meet you (use to) 5. Solve the crossword puzzle and you shall win a prize.(use if) Ans: 1. Muthu is one who is a man of great courage. 2. She likes to lead a life of adventure. Or She likes to have adventure in life. 3. Have courage to stand up for the truth. 4. Please tell me to when to meet you. 5. If you solve the crossword puzzle, you will win a prize

Rewriting with a starter 1. Rekha completed the assignment. She submitted it for correction (start with having) 2. Though he came late, he did not miss the lecture. (start with He comes late…) 3. Nowhere could I find my lost purse (start with I could not…..) 4. Never can you solve the problem. (start with You can not…….. ) 5. Seldom did we work hard. (start with we did not…) Ans: 1. Having completed the assignment, Rekha submitted it for correction. 2. He came late but he didn’t miss the lecture. 3. I could not find my lost purse anywhere. 4. You can not solve the problem ever. 5. We did not work hard ever.

7

8

O! Ah! Oh! Hurrah! Alas! < i[l< ujgbqz< Direct speech uVl
9

Ogt
Exercises: 1. help i m drowning 2. the teacher said be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room 3. gee what happened to you 4. art is one of one of the ways in which we say i am alive and my life has meaning 5. what you told that old begger all my private affirs cried hughie looking very red and angry 6. asked if she s eaten anything today she laughs we havent even had any tea yet 7. these are the women especially who are now joining the growing force of domestic workers in our cities 8. my god can i climb this hill selvan said 9. giri was one of the 150 passengers who were abroad the fateful plane that crashed while landing at the mangalore airport he had a miraculous escape as he clung to a tree on which he had landed while jumping from the plane oh what a narrow escape he thought to himself 10. the little bird asked his mother why dont you allow me to find my own food Ans: 1. “Help! I’m drowning!” 2. The teacher said, “Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room.” 3. “Gee! What happened to you?” 4. Art is one of one of the ways in which we say, “I am alive and my life has meaning


22 5. “What! You told that o ld begger all my private affirs?” 3. Why did art find a place, even in cried Hughie looking very red and angry. concentration camps? 6. Asked if she’s eaten anything today; she laughs, “We Art is an essential part of life. So, it found haven’t even had any tea yet.” a place even in concentration camps. 7. These are the women, especially, who are now joining 4. the growing force of domestic workers in our cities. 8. “My God! Can I climb this hill?”, Selvan said. 9. Giri was one of the 150 passengers who were abroad the fateful plane that crashed while landing at the Mangalore airport. He had a miraculous escape, as he clung to a tree on which he had landed while jumping from the plane. “Oh! What a narrow escape!” he 5. thought to himself. 10. The little bird asked his mother, “Why don’t you allow me to find my own food?”

What are the two incidents that stress the importance of music as an essential art? Messiaen wrote music composition in jail. The Americans sang songs in the evening of September 11, 2001. These two incidents stress the importance of music as an essential art. What can artistes do to save the planet? Artistes can bring wellness to this planet. They can provide us with harmony, peace, understanding, equality and fairness.

Lesson – 3: 1. What requires whole-hearted devotion? Knowledge requires whole hearted devotion. 2. Which period of life does Gokhale consider a very happy one? uqeik
SECTION – III (PROSE – 15 marks) Part I (31 to 37) Short Questions: 5x2=10 Answer briefly any five of the following questions: (Your answer should not exceed 30 words)

Lesson – 2: 1. How is music different from astronomy? Music is a study of relationship between invisible, internal, hidden objects. Whereas Astronomy is a study of relationships between observable, external, permanent objects.

2. What is the significance of art? Art is an essential part of life. It is a part of human survival and human spirit. It is an unquenchable expression about us. It gives meaning to our life.

Chaya got her water. It made Chaya triumphantly smile. Lesson – 5: 1. Why is the world of domestic workers ‘invisible’? The domestic workers are denied their rights. So they are ‘invisible’

2. Which states in India that have shown concern for the domestic workers? Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharastra, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.


23 Hughie a cheque for ten thousand pounds. It was his 3. What are the causes for the increase in domestic present for Hughie’s marriage. workers? Changes in economic and development Music – The Hope Raiser - Paragraph policies are the causes for the increase in domestic Art is an essential part of life. It is a part of workers. human survival and human spirit. It is an unquenchable 4. How can the Maharashtra Bill help the workers? expression about us. It gives meaning to our life. The Maharashtra Bill recognizes the rights of the Messian wrote a music composition in jail. Music workers. Thus it helps them. found a place even in concentration camps. The twin Lesson – 6: towers of America were destroyed by terrorists. The 1. What do birds do every year during autumn and Americans sang “We shall overcome” and “America early winter? the Beautiful” in the same evening. Recovery was done During winter birds migrate to warmer lands. by music. Thus art is a part of the human spirit. 2. Who are the brave little voyagers? A Golden Path - Paragraph The migrant birds are the brave little voyagers. Success depends more upon character. A 3. Which is the smallest of all birds? person should get knowledge and character. Our The willow warbler is the smallest of all birds. character should have energy of action. It should also 4. Have you ever noticed the ‘V’ shaped formation raise the life of people around us. Acquiring of the birds as they speed across the sky? knowledge and acquiring character is the two fold duty Yes, I have noticed the beautiful ‘V’ shaped to be acquired by students. They should obey their formation of cranes and geese as they fly in sky. parents, respect their teachers and help the needy. 5. Identify the reasons why birds migrate. Birds migrate to escape from the bitter cold. Section – IV (Poetry – 20 marks) They also migrate for food and nestling sites. 6. What is meant by local movement? Part I (39) (a or b) Memory poems: 1x5=5 Local movement means movement within a country. Quote from memory one of the following extracts: -v{
4. How old is Brihadeesvarar Temple? Who built it? Brihadeesvarar Temple is thousand years old. Raja Raja Chola built it. 5. In what way is the tower unbeatable? The tower has perfect geometry and clarity. Thus it is unbeatable.

Part II (Paragraph Question):

1 X 5=5

(38) Answer in a paragraph any one of the following questions: (Your paragraph should not exceed 120 words) paragraph paragraph-

The Model Millionaire - Paragraph Hughie was unemployed. So he has no money. He wanted to marry Laura Merton. The colonel laid down the condition that Hughie should own ten thousand pounds of his own to marry Laura. Hughie was unable to fulfill the condition. He was upset. He visited his Friend Trevor. Trevor was painting a beggar’s picture. The beggar model was really a millionaire. But Hughie gave him a sovereign. The millionaire came to know Hughie’s condition. He sent

answer the questions given below each set :

osb
The millionaire is in the midst of gloom and splendor. (ii) Who does the word ‘thou’ refer to? The word ‘thou’ refers to the millionaire. (iii) What is the contrast you find in the first line? The world moves in sadness and splendor. It is the contrast. (iv) How is the millionaire?

The millionaire is with bright eye brows. 2. A creature of that distorted dream. That makes the sound of life evil cry (i) Why is the dream called distorted?, The dream is distorted because it is always about earning money.


24 (v). What is the child doing? (ii) What does millionaire do to sound of life? The child is sitting under the piano and A millionaire makes the sound of pressing his mother’s feet. life an evil cry. (iii) Who does the word ‘creature’ refer to? 3. So now it is vain for the singer to burst in to The word ‘creature’ refers to the millionaire

3. Good men perform just deeds and brave men die And win not honour such as gold can give, (i) What do good men do? Good men do honest actions. (ii) What do brave men do? Brave men give their lives. (iii) How does a millionaire win honour? A millionaire wins honour by using gold.

clamour With the great black piano appassionato (i) What is appassionato? It is Beethoven’s favourite music. (ii) Why is it vain now? The singer burst into clamour. The piano makes attractive sounds. But it is vain. The poet didn’t listen to the music. He is in his childhood memories

Poem – 3: 1. “ If you can meet with triumph and disaster; And treat those two impostors just the same” 4. Old age and youth alike mistaugt, misfed (i) Why are ‘triumph’ and ‘disaster’ portrayed By wants and rags and homelessness made vile, as impostors? (i) Who are mistaught and misfed? Both are not permanent. So they are The old men and youth are mistaught and misfed. portrayed as impostors. (ii) How are man made vile? (ii) Which are the two imposters? Men are made evil by need, rags and Triumph and disaster are the two imposters. homelessness. (iii) How should we treat triumph and disaster? 5. The griefs and hates and all the meaner parts. We should treat them just the same. That balances thy one grim misgotten pile. 2. If you can fill the unforgiving minute – (i) Who balances the wealth of the millionaire? With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run. The people in suffering balance the (i) What should we do in the unforgiving minute? We should use the time usefully. If we millionaire’s wealth. waste the time, the time will not forgive us. (ii) Explain ‘misgotten pile’? (ii) What is meant by ‘unforgiving minute’? ‘Misgotten pile’ refers to wrongly It means time will never forgive us, if we acquired wealth. waste it. (iii). How does a millionaire get wealth? Poem – 4: A millionaire gets his wealth by wrong means. 1. We ran as if to meet the moon Poem – 2: That slowly dawned behind the trees. 1. Softly in the dusk, a woman is singing to me (i) Whom do ‘we’ refer to? taking me back down the vista of years, till I see ‘We’ refer to the poet and his friend. (i) Whom does ‘I’ refer to? (ii) Where are they going? ‘I’ refers to the poet. They are going to meet the moon (ii) Who is singing? (iii) What dawned behind the trees? The moon dawned behind the trees. A woman is singing.

(iii) When is the song sung? The song is sung in the evening (dusk). (iv) What is meant by ‘vista’? It means a fantastic scene. It refers to a period in the past. (v) What is the effect of the song? The song takes him to his childhood days. 2. “ A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling strings And pressing the small, poised feet of a mother who smiles as she Sings”. (i) Who is the child referred to here? The poet is the child. (ii) What emotion does the mother display? The mother displays her loving affection to her little boy. (iii). Where is the child sitting? The child is sitting under the piano. (iv). Who is sitting under the piano? A child is sitting under the piano.

2. The barren boughs without the leaves, Without the birds, without the breeze. (i) What was the place like? The trees have no leaves. There is no birds or breeze. (ii) What does ‘the barren boughs without the leaves’ show? It shows that it was autumn season. 3. “ Now drops that floated on the pool Like pearls, and now a silver blade”. (i) What were the drops like? They are like pearls. (ii) When does it seem like a silver blade? It seems like a silver blade when it falls in the brook. Poem – 5: 1.“Our knees tremble sorely in the stooping…. We fall upon our faces, trying to go” (i) Whom do ‘we’ refer to? ‘We’ refer to the child labourers.


25 (ii) Why do the children’s knees tremble? The children keep stooping and working for a long time. So their knees tremble. 2. If we cared for any meadows, it were merely To drop down in them and sleep (i) Why do they care for meadows? They want to sleep in the meadow. They are very tired. (ii) What do they do in meadows? They will drop down and sleep in meadows Poem – 6: 1. The globe’s my world. The cloud’s my kin I care not where the skies begin, (i) What is the globe here? The earth is the globe here. (ii) Whom does ‘I’ refer to? ‘I’ refers to a migrant bird. (iii) Who is his kin? The cloud is his kin.

2. No walls for me, no vigil gates, No flags, no machine guns. (i) Why there is no wall for the bird? The migrant bird fly very high. There is no wall to stop him. (ii) What is the vigil gate? The vigil gate is a gate where watchmen watch over the protection of the place. (iii) What is the meaning of vigil? ‘Vigil’ means watchful. (iv) Who has no walls? A migrant bird has no walls. Poem – 7: 1. Decades of practice Heirlooms of rich traditions (i) Who has decades of practice? The shilpi has decades of practice (ii) What do these lines portray about the sculptor? Through decades of practice, the Shilpi has attained heirlooms of rich traditions. (iii) What is a decade? A decade is a period of ten years. (iv) What are heirlooms? Heirlooms are valuable properties that belong to a family for many years. 2. Harmonic cacophony to oblivious ears The tempo is fickle (i) How can Cacophony be harmonic? Cacophony has some order. So, it is harmonic. (ii) There is variation in the tempo. Why? The sculptor has changing moods. So there is variation in the lamps.

Part III (44 to 48) Poem - Literary Appreciation:5x1=5 Read the following lines from the poems you have studied and answer the questions given below.

44. Picking out the rhyming words: “The globe’s my world. The cloud’s my kin. I care not where the world begins. I spread my wings through all the din….” Pick out the rhyming words in these lines.

osb
Rhyme words – vile – pile Ex3. If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run, Yours is the earth and everything that’s in it’ And, what is more,you’ll be a man,my son. Rhyming words: minute – in it,

run – son.

45. Finding out the Rhyming scheme: “If you can dream and not make dreams your master; If you can think and not make thoughts your aim; If you can meet with triumph and disaster; And treat those two impostors just the same;” Bring out the rhyme scheme used in these lines. osb
Rhyming scheme is ‘a b a b’

Ex2: In spite of myself, the insidious mastery of song Betrays me back, till the heart of me weeps to belong To the old Sunday evenings at home, with winter outside And hymns in the cosy parlour, the tinkling piano our guide

The rhyming scheme is ‘a a b b’ Ex3: Softly in the dusk, a woman is singing to me; - a Taking me back down ……… years, till I see - a A child is sitting under ……. tingling strings - b And pressing the small,……………as she sings - b Rhyme Scheme – a a b b Poems and their Rhyming Schemes:

Poem Millionaire Piano Manliness Going for Water The cry of children Migrant bird Shilpi

Lines 4+4 uvqgt< 4+4+4 4+4+4 All stanzas 4+4+4 all All stanzas All stanzas

Scheme abba aabb abab abcb abab irregular irregular

46. Alliteration: “ But once within the wood, we paused” Identify the words which make this sentence an example of the figure of speech called Alliteration.


26 Alliteration we
Ans: ‘Within’, ‘wood’ and ‘we’ are alliterated Ex2: Through fears and fright I fly my flight . Alliterations: fears, fritht, fly, flight. Ex3: Old age and youth alike mistaught and misfed Alliterations: mistaught, misfed Ex4 We fall upon our faces, trying to go; Alliterated words – fall, face 47. Figure of speech: P-device dujl n{q/ yV Simile ohiVjt lx
Examples

- such as gold, - weep like child, - as pale as snow, - like gnomes, Ohie
Onoma toepic Oxy moron Ana phora Allitera tion

Asso nance

yzqh
Tingling, boom, burst, splash

wkqovkqv< osix
- Harmonic cacophony

If …… If…… Turns… turns…. - mistaught misfed - within, wood, we Yours is, on other a fter they are

Exercises: (47)“The reddest flower would look as pale as snow”. Identify the figure of speech employed in this line. A simile is used in this line

(48) ‘O ye wheels Stop! Be silent for to-day!’ Name the figure of speech used in the above line. Personification is employed here. Poetic lines and their poetic devices. Poem 1. 1. The world in gloom and splendour passes by. - Personification 2. A creature of that old distorted dream. - Metaphor

3. Good men perform just deeds, and brave men die, And win not honour such as gold can give. - Simile 4. Old age and youth alike mistaught and misfed - Alliteration Poem 2. 1. A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling strings - Onomatoepic words 2. And hymns in the cosy parlour, the tinkling piano our guide - Onomatoepic words 3. So now it is vain for the singer to burst into Clamour - (Onomatoepic words) 4. Down in the flood of remembrance , I weep like a child for the past flood of remembrance – Metaphor weep like a child - simile 5. And hymns in the cosy parlour, the tinkling piano our guide - (Personification) Poem 3. f you can dream and not make dreams your master; 1. I If you can think and not make thoughts your aim; If you can meet with triumph and disaster - Anaphora (‘If” repeated again) )Lkz< wPk
2. If you can dream and not make dreams your master - Personification 3. If you can meet with triumph and disaster; And treat those two imposters just the same; - Personification 4. To serve your turn long a fter they are gone. - Assonance)dbqv< wPk
2. Ready to run to hiding new with laughter when she found us soon .(she-moon) - Personification 3. Now drops that floated on the pool Like pearls , and now a silver blade - Simile Poem 5. 1. And, underneath our heavy eyelids drooping, The reddest flower would look as pale as snow - Simile 2. ‘O ye wheels’ ‘Stop ! be silent for to-day !’ - Personification 3. For, all day, we drag our burden tiring, through the coal dark , underground - Metaphor 4. T urns the sky in the high window blank and reeling T urns the long light that droppeth down the wall - Anaphora .


27 Poem 6. 1. The globe’s my world. The cloud’s my kin - Personification - Alliteration 2. I s pawn and s plash splash - Onomatoepic words Poem 7. 1. Harmonic cacophony (Harmonic-yPr
2. Virgin rock takes form

- oxymoron

- Personification

49. (a to c) Paragraphs Answer in a paragraph any one of the following questions: (Your paragraph should not exceed 120 words.) 5 &e
To a Millionaire - Paragraph A millionaire is happy when the world is sad. He is like a creature making the sound of life an evil cry. Good men do honest deeds. Brave men die for honour. But the millionaire gets honour by using gold. Many people suffer hunger and homelessness. But the millionaire is selfish. He earns money dishonestly. Piano - Paragraph The poet hears a woman’s song. It reminds him his mother’s song. As a child he was sitting under the piano. He was hearing the boom of the strings. Then, he pressed his mother’s feet. In Sunday evenings, he sang hymns. His childhood days attract him. He weeps for the past. Manliness - Paragraph Manliness has many qualities. We shouldn’t make dreams our master. We should treat success and failure equally. We should make our heart and nerve serve our turn. Our ‘will’ should be strong. We should be patent at the time of injustice. In addition to that one should act as a ‘man’.

SECTION V (Language Functions) (50). Comprehension

5x2= 10 (book-11,33,57,112,74,76, 104,110,135, WB-127) )ogiMg
Questions: 1. The word ‘essential’ means: (a)necessary (b)important (c)compulsory 2. How does discipline aid a citizen? 3. Why don’t children want discipline? 4. Mention some ways in which an athlete maintains discipline. 5. How is discipline beneficial to human beings?

Ans: 1. Necessary 2. It shapes our mind to religious, social and economic patterns. This makes a man an active citizen 3. They do not want discipline. They want only freedom. They don’t understand the meaning of discipline. 4. An athlete disciplines himself and keeps himself fit. He refrains from smoking, observes good food habits and keeps good health. 5. Discipline increases the human energy and implies control, resistance and adjustment. Exercise – 2: The Water Arithmetic We stare at the dregs of our ingenuity, at a resource scientifically misused. We are cawing alarmed. But we only keep cawing raucously at that. Let’s get on, like the crow and fashion pebble by pebble to meet our needs. The source of all water on earth is not the river, is not the underground aquifer, is not the lake, well or stream. Rain is the source of all water. In India the monsoon is a deluge. Rain spatters the earth, fills ponds. Lakes brim. Rivers heave. But the monsoon is also brief. We receive most of its rainfall in just 100 hours out of 8,760 hours in a year. But this is enough to meet our water needs, provide food security and eradicate rural poverty. Why is Cherrapunji today short of drinking water, when it gets more than eleven meters of rainfall annually? Simply because it does not capture the rain that falls over it. Questions 1. What is the effect of rain on earth? 2. What do you think can eradicate rural poverty? 3. Why is Cherrapunji today short of drinking water? 4 .The meaning of the word ‘eradicate’ a) grow b)develop c) wipe out 5. Mention some ways to meet our water needs.

Ans 1. Rain is the source of all water on earth. It fills ponds, lakes and rivers. 2. Rain in the monsoon can eradicate rural poverty. 3. It doesn’t capture the rain. So there is today short of drinking water. 4. wipe out. 5. We have to save the water in the ground during the monsoon season.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow : 5x1=5

Exercise – 3 The Autobiography of a Euro

Discipline is the most essential virtue you should acquire when you are young. It is a complex quality. It shapes your mind to religious, social and economic patterns when you grow up to be an active citizen. At a young age, we do not realize the value of discipline, as children, we merely long for unlimited freedom, without understanding the meaning of discipline. An athlete disciplines himself and keeps himself fit. He refrains from smoking, observes good food habits and keeps good health. Discipline increases the human energy and implies control, resistance and adjustment. Our energy is saved and made vital for a good output.

It took three long years for my coming into existence, after the idea of new currency was conceived. I st was first conceived and named on 1 Jan, 1999, when eleven European countries decided to have a new money form i.e. Euro. My value was determined as per the conversion rate fixed by these countries in terms of their own currencies. On st 1 January 2002, I was circulated as currency notes when twelve countries adopted me as their currency. Some countries opposed the idea of using me and initially refused to accept me. But now almost all the European countries have accepted me as valid currency. My brother Dollar who is in America, my brother Lira residing in Italy and my sister


28 Sterling were quite jealous of me but soon they accepted my existence and started respecting me. I now enjoy a place of pride among all the currencies in the world and almost everyone accepts me freely. Questions a) When did Euro com into worldwide acceptance? b) Euro was accepted without opposition- Is this statement true or false? c) Bring out the sibling rivalry in the family of Euro. d) What is the present status of Euro? e) To which continent does this currency belong? Find out the names of at least three countries whose currency is the Euro. Answers : a) Euro come into worldwide acceptance from 1st January, 2002. b) False. Some countries opposed the use of Euro initially c) The brothers of Euro, American Dollar, Italian Lira and the sister British sterling were jealous of Euro in the beginning. But soon the accepted Euro as one of their family. d) The present status of Euro is the pride among all the currencies of the world. e) Euro belongs to Europe. America, Italy, France and few more use Euro.

Exercise – 4 Warren Edward Buffet born on August 30, 1930, is an American investor, industrialist and philanthropist. He is one of the most successful investors in the world. Often called “the legendary investor”, he is the primary shareholder, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. He was ranked as the world’s wealthiest person in 2009 and is currently the third wealthiest person in the world as of 2010. Buffet is also a notable philanthropist, having pledged to give away 99 percent of his fortune to philanthropic causes, primarily via the Gates Foundations. In 2009, after donating billions of dollars to charity, Buffet was ranked as the second richest man in the United Stares, with only Bill Gates ranked higher than Buffet. In June 2006, he announce a plan to give away his fortune to charity, with 83% of it going to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, making it the largest charitable donation in history. A significant proportion of his wealth will not go to his children. His action is consistent with his principle that is against the transfer of great fortunes from one generation to the next. Buffet one commented, “ I want to give my kids just enough so that they would feel that they could do anything, but not so much that they world feel like doing nothing” Questions a). Buffet is known as _______________ (a) the model millionaire (b) the legendary donator (c) the legendary investor (d) a great philanthropist. b). State whether the statements is true or false. “Buffet is currently rated as the wealthiest person in the world” c). ______ is appreciated for his largest contribution to charity. (a) Bill Gates (b) Melinda Gates (c) Berkshire Hathaway (d) Edward Warren Buffet. d). Buffet did no wish to _________ . (a) transfer his huge property to the next generation (b) contribute much to the society

(c) improve the investment sector (d) make huge donations to the poor. e). Having too much money would make people __. (a) ideal (b) charitable (c) active (d) idle

Answer

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

(c) the legendary investor False (d) Edward Warren Buffet (a) transfer his huge property to the next generation (d) idle

Exercise 5 The Falling Man “The Falling Man” is a nickname given to a man who fell from the North Tower of the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks in NewYork City, and is also the title of a photograph, magazine story and documentary film about the incident. The photo was taken by Richard Drew at 9:41:15 a.m. on September 11, 2001. The story, written by Tom Junod, appeared in the September 2003 issue of Esquire magazine, and was later made into a film. The subject of the image- whose identity remains uncertain, although attempts have been made to identify him- was one of the people trapped on the upper floors of the skyscraper who apparently chose to jump rather than die from the fire and smoke, while the buildings collapsed. As may as 200 people jumped to their deaths; their was no time to recover or identify those who jumped prior to that. Officially, all deaths in the attacks except those of the hijackers were ruled to be homicides (as opposed to suicides), and the New York City Medical Examiner’s Office stated that it does not classify the people who fell to their deaths on September 11 as “jumpers”: (“A ‘jumper’ is somebody who goes to the office in the morning prepared to commit suicide..) These people were forced out by the smoke and flames or blown out”. This picture is somewhat deceptive; it gives the impression that the man is falling straight down. In reality, this is just one of a dozen photographs of his fall. In the other photos, it is evident that he is tumbling through the air out of control. Five years after the attacks, Jonathan Briley, a 43year-old employee of the windows on the world restaurant, was identified by chef Michael Lomonaco as The Falling Man. Briely was sound engineer who lived in Mount Vernon, New York and worked in the North Tower restaurant. According to the film, the victim was initially identified by his brother in the morgue by the victim’s hands and shoes. Lomonaco claims tha the was able to identify Briley by his clothes and body-type. In one of the pictures, The Falling Man’s clothes were blown away, revealing an orange undershirt similar to the shirt that Briley wore to work almost every day. His older sister, Gwedolyn, asserted he was wearing that shirt on the day of the attack. However, the identity of the Falling Man has never been officially confirmed.

Questions : a) Why weren’t the deaths of the hijackers considered homicides? b) Was the man jumping headlong or falling from the Tower? Give reasons for your answer? c) People who fell to their deaths on September 11 are not ‘jumpers’. Why? d) How is the victim’s identity revealed in the film? e) What clothing would Briley usually wear to work?


29 Answers: a) If a person is killed for personal reason is called homicide. But hijackers lose their own life eagerly other than personal reason. So, the deaths of the hijackers weren’t considered homicides. b) He had jumped out of the Tower. He had lost his control. So he was falling. c) The people who commit suicide by jumping from a top place are jumpers. But, the people died on September 11 really tried to escape from their deaths. So, they are not jumpers. d) He was identified by his brother by his hands and shoes. e) Briley usually would wear an orange under shirt to work.

(51). Error spot (book-111,171) 5x1= 5

1. …est –z< LcBl< uiv
Identify and correct the errors in the sentences: 1 .My uncle is richest man in the village. 2. Many people behaves rudely now-a-days. 3. A American lives near my house. 4. The dog fell along the river. 5. Each of the cycles are damaged.

5X1= 5

Ans: 1. My uncle is the richest man in the village. 2. Many people behave rudely now-a-days. 3. An American lives near my house. 4. The dog fell into the river. 5. Each of the cycles is damaged. Exercise – 2. 1. Looking through the window and he saw the stranger. 2. Though he was rich but he was unhappy. 3. He joined an European University. 4. Everyone appreciates a honest man. 5. One of the girl sang well. Ans: 1. Looking through the window, he saw the stranger 2. Though he was rich, he was unhappy. 3. He joined a European University. 4. Everyone appreciates an honest man. 5. One of the girls sang well.

Ans 1. If I were a bird I would escape. 2. I prefer coffee to tea. 3. I hear a strange noise. 4. He has a large family. 5. I saw the film last week. Exercise – 4: 1. She is sleeping for five hours. 2. Money make many things. 3. I would accept the offer if I was you? 4. The police has made several arrests. 5. He does not believe on God. Ans: 1. She has been sleeping for five hours. 2. Money makes many things. 3. I would accept the offer if I were you? 4. The police have made several arrests. 5. He does not believe in God. Exercise – 5: 1. He is suffering with typhoid. 2. He started to USA yesterday. 3. He is tallest in the village 4. We should helped the poor 5. An Europeon stands before us. Ans: 1. He is suffering from typhoid. 2. He started to the USA yesterday. 3. He is the tallest in the village. 4. We should help the poor . 5. A Europeon stands before us. Exercise 6 (book – 171) 1. Do you know which is world’s tallest building? 2. We did not reject the proposal, nor we accepted it. 3. I place great confidence on you 4. One of these cycle is defective 5. He is good athlete. He performs well 6. Have any one seen my purse? 7. Neither the secretary nor the manager were available 8. The furniture were displayed at the showroom 9. My mother made the servant to do the work 10. This is a hardly nut to crack

Answer: 1. Do you know which the world’s tallest building is? 2. We neither rejected the proposal; nor did we accept it. 3. I place great confident on you 4. One of these cycles is defective 5. He is a good athlete. He performs well 6. Has any one seen my purse? 7. Neither the secretary nor the manager was available 8. The furniture was displayed at the showroom 9. My mother made the servant do the work 10. This is a hard nut to crack

(52). Picture Comprehension:(hml< hiv
Exercise – 3: 1. If I were a bird I would have escaped. 2. I prefer coffee than tea. 3. I hearing a strange noise. 4. He is having a large family. 5. I have seen the film last week.


10th-eng1-wts-guide

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