Chapter 7 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Easy c
Auditors must make decisions regarding what evidence to gather and how much to accumulate. Which of the following is a decision that must be made by auditors related to evidence?
a. b. c. d. 2. Easy a
Sample size Yes No Yes No
Timing of audit procedures Yes No No Yes
Audit procedures may be performed:
a. b. c. d.
Prior to the fiscal year-end of the client Yes No Yes No
Subsequent to the fiscal year-end of the client Yes No No Yes
3. easy b
Which of the following forms of evidence is most reliable? a. General ledger account balances. b. Confirmation of accounts receivable balance received from a customer. c. Internal memo explaining the issuance of a credit memo. d. Copy of month-end adjusting entries.
4. easy b
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reliability of evidence? a. Effectiveness of client internal controls. b. Education of auditor. c. Independence of information provider. d. Timeliness.
5. easy c
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reliability of evidence? a. Qualification of individual providing information. b. Auditor’s direct knowledge. c. Degree of subjectivity. d. Degree of objectivity.
6. easy b
Calculating the gross margin as a percent of sales and comparing it with previous periods is what type of evidence? a. Physical examination. b. Analytical procedures. c. Observation. d. Inquiry
7. easy a
Audit evidence obtained directly by the auditor will not be reliable if: a. the auditor lacks the qualifications to evaluate the evidence. b. it is provided by the client’s attorney. c. the client denies its veracity. d. it is impossible for the auditor to obtain additional corroboratory evidence.
8. easy
Appropriateness of evidence is a measure of the: a. quantity of evidence.
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b
b. c. d.
9. easy a
Which of the following statements regarding the relevance of evidence is correct? a. To be relevant, evidence must pertain to the audit objective of the evidence. b. To be relevant, evidence must be persuasive. c. To be relevant, evidence must relate to multiple audit objectives. d. To be relevant, evidence evidence must be derived from a system including effective internal controls.
10. easy c
Two determinants of the persuasiveness of evidence are: a. competence and sufficiency. b. relevance and reliability. c. appropriateness and sufficiency. d. independence and effectiveness.
11. easy c
Three common types of confirmations used by auditors are (1) negative confirmations, (2) blank form positive confirmations, and (3) positive confirmations with information included. Place the confirmations in order of reliability from highest to lowest. a. 1, 2, 3. b. 3, 2, 1. c. 2, 3, 1. d. 3, 1, 2.
12. easy c
When auditors use documents to support recorded transactions, the process is often called: a. inquiry. b. confirmation. c. vouching. d. physical examination.
13. easy b
An example of an external document is: a. employees’ time reports. b. bank statements. c. purchase order for company purchases. d. carbon copies of checks.
14. easy c
An example of a document the auditor receives from the client, but which was prepared by someone outside the client’s organization, is a(n): a. confirmation. b. sales invoice. c. vendor invoice. d. bank reconciliation.
15. easy a
―Evaluations of financial information made by a study of plausible relationships among financial and nonfinancial data involving comparisons of recorded amounts to expectations developed by the auditor‖ is a definition of: a. analytical procedures. b. tests of transactions. c. tests of balances. d. auditing.
16.
Often, auditor procedures result in significant differences being discovered by the auditor. The auditor should investigate further if:
Easy a
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quality of evidence. sufficiency of evidence. meaning of evidence.
Significant differences are not
Significant differences are expected but
a. b. c. d.
expected but do exist Yes No Yes No
do not exist Yes No No Yes
17. easy c
Which of the following is not a purpose of analytical procedures? a. Understand the client’s industry. b. Assess the client’s ability to continue as a going concern. c. Evaluate internal controls. d. Reduce detailed audit tests.
18. medium a
Which of the following forms of evidence would be least persuasive in forming the auditor’s opinion? a. Responses to auditor’s questions by the president and controller regarding the investments account. b. Correspondence with a stockbroker regarding the quantity of client’s investments held in street name by the broker. c. Minutes of the board of directors authorizing authorizing the purchase of stock as an investment. d. The auditor’s count of marketable securities.
19. medium c
Which of the following statements is not true? ―The evidence-gathering evidence -gathering technique of inquiry: a. cannot be regarded as conclusive.‖ b. requires the gathering of corroborative evidence.‖ c. is the auditor’s principal method of evaluating the client’s internal control.‖ d. does not provide evidence from an i ndependent source.‖
20. (SOX) medium c
Sarbanes-Oxley requires auditors of public companies to maintain audit documentation for what period of time? a. Not less than 3 years. b. Not less than 5 years. c. Not less than 7 years. d. Through the issuance of the financial statements.
21. medium
Analytical procedures must be used during which phase(s) of the audit? Test of Controls Yes No Yes No
Planning Yes Yes No No
Completion Yes Yes No No
b
a. b. c. d.
22. medium b
Which of the following statements is not correct? a. It is possible to vary the sample size from one unit to 100% of the items in the population. b. The decision of how many items to test should not be influenced by the increased costs of performing the additional tests. c. The decision of how many items to test must be made by the auditor for each audit procedure. d. The sample sample size for any any given given procedure is likely to vary vary from audit to audit. audit.
23. medium b
Auditors will replace tests of details with analytical procedures when possible because the: a. analytical procedures are more reliable. b. tests of details are more expensive. c. analytical procedures are more persuasive. d. tests of details are more difficult to interpret.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
24. medium c
Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Persuasiveness of evidence is partially determined by the reliability of evidence. b. The quantity of evidence obtained determines its sufficiency. c. The auditor need not consider the independence of an information source when obtaining evidence. d. Evidence obtained directly by the auditor is ordinarily more reliable than evidence obtained from other sources.
25. medium d
Which one of the following is not one of the primary purposes of audit documentation? a. A basis for planning the audit. b. A record of the evidence accumulated and the results of the tests. c. A basis for review by supervisors and partners. d. A basis for determining work deficiencies by peer review teams.
26. medium
Which of the following is the most objective type of evidence? a. A letter written by the client’s attorney discussing the likely outcome of outstanding lawsuits. b. The physical count of securities and cash. c. Inquiries of the credit manager about the collectibility of noncurrent accounts receivable. d. Observation of cobwebs on some inventory bins.
b
27. medium b
Which of the following statements regarding documentation is not correct? a. Documentation includes examining client records such as general ledgers and supporting journals. b. Internal documents are documents that are generated within the company and used to communicate with external parties. c. External documents are documents that are are generated generated outside outside of the company and are used used to communicate the results of a transaction. d. External documents are considered more reliable than internal documents.
28. medium c
When making decisions about evidence for a given audit, the auditor’s goal is to obtain a sufficient amount of timely, reliable evidence that is relevant to the information being verified, and to do so: a. no matter the cost involved in obtaining such evidence. b. at any cost because the costs are billed to the client. c. at the lowest possible total cost. d. at the cost suggested in the engagement letter.
29. medium d
―Physical examination‖ is the inspection or count by the auditor of items such as: a. cash, inventory, and payroll timecards. b. cash, inventory, canceled checks, and sales documents. c. cash, inventory, canceled checks, and tangible fixed assets. d. cash, inventory, securities, notes receivable, and tangible fixed assets.
30. medium c
Which items affect the sufficiency of evidence when choosing a sample?
a. b. c. d. 31. medium a
Selecting items with a high likelihood of misstatement Yes No Yes No
The randomness of the items selected Yes No No Yes
Which of the following is an example of vouching? a. Trace inventory purchases from the acquisitions journal to supporting invoices. b. Trace selected sales invoices to the sales journal.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
c. d.
Trace details of employee paychecks to the payroll journal. All of the above are examples of vouching.
32. medium b
Which of the following statements about confirmations is true? a. Confirmations are expensive and so are often not used. b. Confirmations may inconvenience those asked to supply them, but they are widely used. c. Confirmations are sometimes not reliable and so auditors use them only as necessary. d. Confirmations are are required required for several balance sheet accounts but no income statement accounts.
33. medium b
Traditionally, confirmations are used to verify: a. individual transactions between organizations, such as sales transactions. b. bank balances and accounts receivable. c. fixed asset additions. d. payroll expenses.
34. medium b
To be considered reliable evidence, confirmations must be controlled by: a. a client employee responsible for accounts receivable. b. a financial statement auditor. c. a client’s internal audit department. d. a client’s controller or CFO.
35. medium
Indicate whether confirmation of accounts receivable and accounts payable is required or optional:
b a. b. c. d.
Accounts Receivable Required Required Optional Optional
Accounts Payable Required Optional Required Optional
36. medium b
The Auditing Standards Board has concluded that analytical procedures are so important that they are required during: a. planning and test of control phases. b. planning and completion phases. c. test of control and completion phases. d. planning, test of control, and completion phases.
37. medium a
Which of the following statements regarding analytical procedures is not correct? a. Analytical tests emphasize a comparison of client internal controls to GAAP. b. Analytical procedures are required on all audits. c. Analytical procedures can be used as substantive tests. d. For certain certain accounts accounts with small balances, balances, analytical procedures alone may be sufficient evidence.
38. medium a
A benefit obtained from comparing the client’s data with industry averages is that it provides a(n): a. indication of the likelihood of financial problems. b. indication where errors exist in the statements. c. benchmark to be used in evaluating a client’s budgets. d. comparison of ―what is‖ with ―what should be.‖
39. medium a
The primary purpose of performing analytical procedures in the planning phase of an audit is to: a. help the auditor obtain an understanding of the client’s industry and business. b. assess the going concern assumption.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
c. d.
indicate possible misstatements. reduce detailed tests.
40. medium d
Which of the following is not a correct combination of terms and related type of audit evidence? a. Foot – Foot – reperformance. reperformance. b. Compare – Compare – documentation. documentation. c. Vouch – Vouch – documentation. documentation. d. Trace – Trace – analytical analytical procedures.
41. medium c
Which of the following is not a correct combination of terms and related type of audit evidence? a. Inquire – Inquire – inquiries inquiries of client. b. Count – Count – physical physical examination. c. Recompute – Recompute – documentation. documentation. d. Read – Read – documentation. documentation.
42. medium d
Which of the following is not one of the major types of analytical procedures? a. Compare client with industry averages. b. Compare client with prior year. c. Compare client with budget. d. Compare client with SEC averages.
43. medium c
What is the overall objective of audit documentation? a. Defend against claims of a deficient audit. b. Provide a basis for reviewing the work of subordinates. c. Provide reasonable assurance that the audit was conducted in accordance with standards. d. Provide additional support of recorded amounts to the client.
44. medium a
An important benefit of industry comparisons is as: a. an aid to understanding the client’s business. b. an indicator of errors. c. an indicator of fraud. d. a least-cost indicator for audit procedures.
45. medium a
The permanent files included as part of audit documentation do not normally include: a. a copy of the current and prior years’ audit programs. b. copies of articles of incorporation, bylaws and contracts. c. information related to the understanding of internal control. d. results of analytical procedures from prior years.
46. medium d
Those procedures specifically outlined in an audit program are primarily designed to a. prevent litigation. b. detect errors or irregularities. c. test internal systems. d. gather evidence.
47. medium c
Evidence is generally considered appropriate when: a. it has been obtained by random selection. b. there is enough of it to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion on financial statements. c. it has has the qualities of being relevant, objective, and free from known known bias. d. it consists consists of written statements statements made made by managers of the enterprise under under audit.
48. challenging c
Given the economic constraints in which auditors collect evidence, the auditor normally gathers evidence that is: a. irrefutable. b. conclusive. c. persuasive.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
d.
completely convincing.
49. challenging b
The auditor is concerned that a client is failing to bill customers for shipments. An audit procedure that would gather relevant evidence would be to: a. select a sample of duplicate sales invoices and trace each to related shipping documents. b. trace a sample of shipping documents to related duplicate sales invoices. c. trace a sample of Sales Journal entries to the Accounts Receivable subsidiary ledger. d. compare the total of the Schedule of Accounts Receivable with the balance balance of the Accounts Receivable account in the general ledger.
50. challenging b
Relevance can be considered only in terms of: a. general audit objectives. b. specific audit objectives. c. transaction audit objectives. d. balance audit objectives.
51. challenging c
Audit documentation should possess certain characteristics. Which of the following is one of the characteristics?
a. b. c. d.
Audit documentation should be indexed and cross-referenced Yes No Yes No
Audit documentation should be organized to benefit the client’s staff Yes No No Yes
52. medium b
Which of the following statements is not a correct use of the terminology? a. Evidence obtained from an independent source outside the client organization is more reliable than that obtained from within. b. Documentary evidence is more reliable when it is received by the auditor indirectly rather than directly. c. Documents that originate outside the company are considered more reliable than those that originate within the client’s organization. d. External evidence, such as communications from banks, is generally generally regarded as as more reliable than answers obtained from inquiries of the client.
53. challenging a
Evidence is usually more persuasive for balance sheet accounts when it is obtained: a. as close to the balance sheet date as possible. b. only from transactions occurring on the balance sheet date. c. from various times throughout the client’s year. d. from the time period when transactions in that account were were most numerous during the fiscal period.
54. medium c
Audit documentation should provide support for:
a. b. c. d.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
The audit report Yes No Yes No
The financial statements Yes No No Yes
55. challenging a
Which of the following statements is not correct concerning audit documentation? a. Audit documentation is acquired to defend against claims that the auditor performed a deficient audit. b. The only time anyone has a legal right to examine audit documentation is when the documentation is subpoenaed by a court as l egal evidence. c. Audit documentation is the primary frame of reference reference used by supervisory personnel to evaluate the sufficiency of evidence. d. The auditor may deny requests by the client to review audit evidence. evidence.
56. challenging d
Which of the following statements is not true? a. A large sample of highly competent evidence is not persuasive unless it is relevant to the objective being tested. b. A large sample of evidence that is neither competent nor timel y is not persuasive. c. A small sample of only one or two pieces pieces of relevant, competent, competent, and timely evidence lacks persuasiveness. d. The persuasiveness of evidence can can be evaluated after considering its competence and its sufficiency.
57. challenging d
Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Analytical procedures are used used to isolate accounts accounts or transactions that should be investigated more extensively. b. For certain immaterial accounts, analytical procedures may be the only evidence needed. c. In some some instances, other types of evidence evidence may be reduced reduced when analytical procedures indicate that an account balance appears reasonable. d. Analytical procedures use supporting documentation to determine which account balances need additional detailed procedures.
58. challenging a
Which of the following statements is not correct? a. The effectiveness of the client’s internal control has little effect on the reliability of most types of evidence. b. Analytical procedures may be reliable even if tests of internal controls indicate control weaknesses. c. Both physical examination and mechanical mechanical accuracy are likely to be highly reliable if the internal control is effective. d. A specific specific type of evidence is rarely sufficient by itself to provide reliable evidence to satisfy any audit objective.
59. challenging a
Audit evidence supporting the financial statements consists of the underlying accounting data and all corroborating information available to the auditor. Which of the following is an example of corroborating information? a. Minutes of meetings. b. General and subsidiary ledgers. c. Accounting manuals. d. Worksheets supporting cost allocations.
60. challenging d
Which of the following discoveries through the use of analytical procedures would indicate a relatively high risk of financial failure? a. A decline in gross margin percentages. b. An increase in the balance in fixed assets. c. An increase in the ratio of allowance for uncollectible accounts to gross accounts receivable, while at the same time accounts receivable turnover also decreased. d. A higher than normal normal ratio of long-term debt to net worth as well well as a lower than average average ratio of profits to total assets.
61.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the costs involved in obtaining
Arens/Elder/Beasley
evidence? challenging d
Physical examination is usually the least expensive type of audit evidence a. Yes b. No c. Yes d. No
Cost of obtaining evidence may be a factor in deciding whether to obtain that evidence Yes No No Yes
62. challenging c
A common comparison occurs when the auditor calculates the expected balance and compares it with the actual balance. The auditor’s expected account balance may be deter mined by: a. using industry standards. b. using Dun and Bradstreet reports. c. relating it to some other balance sheet or income statement account or accounts. accounts. d. inquiry of the client.
63. medium b
Two analytical procedures available to the auditor are: Compare current year’s balances with the preceding year. Compare details of a particular account’s balance with the preceding year. Shortcomings of these two procedures are that: a. the first ignores effects of tests of controls and the second fails to consider possible possible changes in client personnel. b. the first fails to consider growth or decline in business activity and the second ignores relationships of data to other data. c. both fail fail to consider growth or decline in business activity and ignore relationships of data. d. it is difficult, time consuming, and, therefore, costly to perform these these procedures.
64. challenging d
Which of the following statements relating to the competence of evidential matter is always true? a. Evidence from outside an enterprise is always reliable. b. Accounting data developed under satisfactory conditions of internal control are more relevant than data developed under unsatisfactory internal control conditions. c. Oral representations made by management are not reliable evidence. d. Evidence must be both reliable and relevant to be considered appropriate.
Essay Questions 65. easy
One purpose of performing analytical procedures in the planning phase of an audit is to assess the client’s financial condition. Explain how the assessment of a client’s financial condition can affect the auditor’s decisions concerning evidence accumulation in later phases of the audit. Answer: All things things being equal, the weaker the client’s financial condition, the more assurance the auditor will require that the financial statements are free of material misstatements. As the auditor requires greater assurance, he or she can (1) perform detailed testing closer to the balance sheet date, (2) increase the extent of detailed testing, or (3) perform perfor m more reliable procedures. In extreme cases, however, if the auditor believes the entity is not a going concern, he or she may withdraw from the engagement and perform no additional tests.
66. medium
Distinguish between internal documentation and external documentation as types of audit evidence. Give two examples of each. Which type is considered more reliable?
Arens/Elder/Beasley
Answer: Internal documentation involves the auditor’s examination of documents that have been prepared and used within the client’s or ganization and are retained without ever going to to an outside party. Examples would include duplicate sales invoices, employees’ time reports, and inventory receiving reports. External documentation involves the auditor’s examination of documents that have been in the hands of someone outside the client’s organization. Examples include vendors’ invoices, cancelled checks, cancelled notes payable, and insurance policies . External documents are regarded as more reliable evidence than internal documents.
67. medium
Identify the three common types of confirmations used by auditors. Indicate which type is most reliable and explain your answer. In addition, indicate which type is least reliable and explain your answer. Answer: In order of reliability, the three common types of confirmations used by auditors are: positive confirmation with a request for i nformation to be supplied by the recipient. positive confirmation with the infor mation to be confirmed included on the form. negative confirmation. The positive confirmation with a request for information to be supplied by the recipient is the most reliable because the recipient must supply the information from his or her records. If this information agrees with the information in the client’s records, the likelihood that the information is correct is high. The positive confirmation with the information to be confirmed included on the form is not as reliable as the first type because the recipient may sign and return the confirmation without carefully examining the information. The negative confirmation is the least reliable because a nonresponse could be due to either the recipient agreeing with the information or the recipient ignoring the confirmation request.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
68. medium
There are four important purposes of analytical procedures. Identify each of these four purposes and, for each purpose, give a specific example of an analytical procedure that an auditor might perform. Answer: Four important purposes of analytical procedures are: To help the auditor understand the client’s industry and business, the auditor might analyze recent trends in the client’s gross margin percentages to assess the effects of competition in the industry. To aid in the assessment of the client’s ability to continue as a going concern, the auditor might analyze several of the client’s key ratios including the ratio of long -term debt to net worth, the ratio of profits to total assets, and the current ratio. To indicate the presence of possible misstatements in the financial statements, the auditor might compare the current year’s unaudited account balances with the previous year’s audited balances. To reduce the extent of detailed tests, the auditor might perform a simple analytical procedure such as multiplying the client’s monthly rent times 12 as a test of the client’s rent expense account. If the product agrees with the balance in rent expense, no additional testing of the account may be necessary.
69. medium
Discuss how each of the fol lowing influences the persuasiveness of evidence. 1. Relevance 2. Independence of provider 3. Effectiveness of client’s internal controls 4. Auditor’s direct knowledge 5. Degree of objectivity Answer: 1. Relevance – Evidence must pertain to the audit objective if it is to be persuasive. Relevance must be considered in terms of specific audit objectives as evidence may be relevant to one objective and not another. 2. Independence of provider – provider – Evidence obtained from a source outside the entity is more reliable and persuasive than that obtained from within. 3. Effectiveness of client’s internal controls – When a client’s internal controls are effective, evidence obtained is more reliable than when they are weak. 4. Auditor’s direct direct knowledge – Evidence obtained directly by the auditor through physical examination, observation, computation and inspection is more competent than information obtained indirectly. 5. Degree of objectivity – Objective evidence is more reliable than evidence that requires considerable judgment to determine whether it is correct.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
70. medium
Give two examples of relatively reliable documentation and two examples of less reliable documentation. What characteristics distinguish the two? Answer: Examples of relatively reliable documents include vendors’ statements, cancelled notes payable, insurance policies, and bank statements. Examples of less reliable documents include duplicate sales invoices, employees’ time reports, inventory receiving repo rts, and internal memoranda. The primary characteristic that distinguishes the two is whether the document is an external document (the document has been in the hands of someone outside the client’s organization who is a party to the transaction), or an internal document. External documents are considered to be more reliable than internal documents.
71. medium
Discuss the auditor’s use of d ocumentation as evidence. Answer: Documentation is the auditor’s examination of the client’s documents and r ecords ecords to substantiate the information that either is included or should be included in the financial statements. Documents that the auditor examines may either be classified as external documents or internal documents. External documents are those those that have been in the hands of someone outside of the client’s organization who is a party to the transaction being documented. Internal documents are those that have been prepared and used withi n the client’s organization without ever being in the custody of an external party. The primary determinant of the auditor’s willingness to accept a document as reliable evidence is whether it is internal or external, and, when internal, whether it was created and processed under conditions of effective internal control.
72. challenging
The auditor’s decisions regarding evidence accumulation can be broken into four subdecisions. One decision relates to determining the nature of the audit procedure to be used to collect the evidence; i.e., ―which audit procedures to use.‖ Identify and discuss the remaining three audit evidence decisions that the auditor makes. Answer: The remaining three audit evidence decisions are: What sample size to select for a given procedure . This decision relates to the extent of extent of testing to be performed. Once the auditor has identified which procedure to perform, he or she needs to decide the appropriate number of items in the population to test — test — ranging from one to all items in the population. Which items to select from the population. population . Once the auditor has decided the appropriate number of items to test, he or she needs to decide which particular items in the population to examine. When to perform the procedures. procedures . This decision relates to the timing of the testing to be performed. Audit procedures related to balance sheet accounts which are performed close to the balance sheet date are generally considered more reliable than procedures performed during the interim period.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
73. challenging
The reliability of evidence refers to the degree to which evidence is considered believable or trustworthy. There are five factors that affect the reliability of audit evidence. One factor is the independence of the provider; i.e., evidence obtained from a source outside the client company is more reliable than that obtained within. Identify and discuss the remaining four factors that affect the reliability of evidence. Answer: The remaining four factors that affect the reliability of evidence are: Effectiveness of client’s internal control . When a client’s internal controls are effective, evidence obtained from the client is more reliable than when controls are weak. Auditor’s direct knowledge . Evidence obtained directly by the auditor is more reliable than information obtained indirectly. Qualifications of individuals providing the information. information . Information obtained from persons not familiar with the business world would generally not be considered as reliable as information from an expert in a business-related field. Degree of objectivity. objectivity. Objective evidence is more reliable than evidence that requires considerable judgment to determine whether it is correct.
74. challenging
Define the following terms commonly used in audit procedures: 1. Examine 2. Scan 3. Compute 4. Foot 5. Compare 6. Count 7. Vouch Answer: 1. Examine – Examine – A A reasonably detailed study of a specific document or record to determine specific facts about it. 2. Scan – A less detailed examination of a document or record to determine whether there is something unusual warranting further investigation. 3. Compute – Compute – A A calculation done by the auditor independent of the client. 4. Foot – Foot – Addition Addition of a column of numbers to determine whether the total is the same as the client’s. 5. Compare – Compare – A A comparison of information in two different locations. 6. Count – A determination of assets on hand at a given time. This is associated with evidence defined as physical examination. 7. Vouch – Vouch – The The use of documents to verify recorded transactions or amounts.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
Other Objective Answer Format Questions 75. medium
Type of Evidence
Below are 12 audit procedures. Classify each procedure according to the following types of audit evidence: (1) physical examination, (2) confirmation, (3) documentation, (4) observation, (5) inquiry of the client, (6) reperformance, and (7) analytical procedure.
Audit Procedures 1.
Watch client employees count inventory to determine whether whether company procedures are being followed.
2.
Count inventory items and record the amount in the audit files.
3.
Trace postings from the sales journal to the general ledger accounts.
4.
Calculate the ratio of cost of goods sold to sales sales as a test of overall reasonableness of gross margin relative to the preceding year.
5.
Obtain information about the client’s internal controls by asking questions of client personnel.
6.
Trace column totals from the cash disbursements journal to the general ledger.
7.
Examine a piece of equipment to make sure a recent purchase purchase of equipment was was actually received and is in operation.
8.
Review the total of repairs and maintenance for each month to determine whether any any month’s total was unusually large.
9.
Compare vendor vendor names and amounts on purchases invoices with with entries entries in the purchases journal.
10. Foot entries in the sales journal to determine whether they were were correctly totaled by the client. 11. Make a surprise count of petty cash cash to verify that the amount of the petty cash fund is intact. 12. Obtain a written statement from the client’s bank stating the client’s year -end -end balance on deposit. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
Observation Physical examination Reperformance Analytical procedure Inquiry of the client Reperformance Physical examination Analytical procedure Documentation Reperformance Physical examination Confirmation
76. medium
Match nine of the terms (a-k) with the definitions provided below (1-9): a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k.
Foot Compute Scan Inquire Count Trace Recompute Read Examine Observe Compare
b
1.
A calculation done by the auditor independent of the client.
a
2.
Addition of a column of numbers to determine if the total is the same as the client’s.
k
3.
A comparison of information in two different locations.
j
4.
A use of the senses to assess certain activities.
f
5.
Following details of transactions from original documents to journals.
c
6.
A less detailed examination of a document or record to determine if there is something unusual warranting further investigation.
d
7.
Obtaining information from the client in response to specific questions.
e
8.
A determination of assets on hand at a given time.
h
9.
An examination of written information to determine facts pertinent to the audit.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
77. medium
Match five of the terms (a-h) with the definitions provided below (1-5): a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
Audit documentation Audit procedures Audit objectives Analytical procedures Budgets Reliability of evidence Sufficiency of evidence Persuasiveness of evidence
d
1.
Use of comparisons and relationships to assess the reasonableness of account balances.
b
2.
Detailed instructions for the collection of a t ype of audit evidence.
f
3.
The degree to which evidence can be considered believable or trustworthy.
a
4.
Contains all the information that the auditor considers necessary to conduct an adequate audit and to provide support for the audit report.
g
5.
This is determined by the amount of evidence obtained.
78. medium
Below are 10 documents typically examined during an audit. Classify each document as either internal or external.
Type of Document
Documents 1.
Canceled checks for payments of accounts payable.
2.
Payroll time cards.
3.
Duplicate sales invoices.
4.
Vendors’ invoices.
5.
Bank statements.
6.
Minutes of the board of directors’ meetings.
7.
Signed lease agreements.
8.
Notes receivable.
9.
Subsidiary accounts receivable records.
10.
Remittance advices.
Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Arens/Elder/Beasley
External Internal Internal External External
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Internal External External Internal External
79. easy b
Cost should never be a consideration when making decisions about evidence for a given audit. a. True b. False
80. easy a
Confirmations are among the most expensive type of evidence to obtain. a. True b. False
81. easy b
Observation is normally more reliable than physical examination. a. True b. False
82. easy b
Inquiries of the client are usually sufficient to provide appropriate evidence to satisfy an audit objective. a. True b. False
83. easy b
A canceled check written by the client, made payable to a local supplier and drawn on the client’s bank account is one type of internal document. a. True b. False
84. easy a
Whenever practical and reasonable, the confirmation of accounts receivable is required of CPAs. a. True b. False
85. easy a
Inquiries of clients and reperformance normally have a low cost associated with them. a. True b. False
86. easy b
When analytical procedures reveal unusual fluctuations in an account balance, the auditor will probably perform fewer tests of details for that account and increase the tests of controls related to the account. a. True b. False
87. easy a
The type of audit evidence known as inquiry requires the auditor to obtain oral information from the client in response to questions. a. True b. False
88. medium b
One of the primary determinants of the reliability of audit evidence is the quantity of evidence. a. True b. False
89. medium b
Audit documentation is the joint property of the auditor and the audit client. a. True b. False
Arens/Elder/Beasley
90. medium a
Objective evidence is more reli able, and hence more persuasive, than subjecti ve evidence. a. True b. False
91. medium a
Ordinarily, audit documentation can be provided to someone else only with the express permission of the client. a. True b. False
92. medium a
Analytical procedures must be used in the planning and completion phases of the audit. a. True b. False
93. medium a
Confirmations are ordinarily used to verify account balances, but may be used to verify transactions. a. True b. False
94. medium a
Of the three common types of confirmations used by auditors, the least reliable type is the negative confirmation. a. True b. False
95. medium b
Accounts receivable confirmations must be controlled by the client from the time they are prepared until the time they are returned to the auditor. a. True b. False
96. medium a
Cost is never an adequate justification for omitting a necessary procedure or not gathering an adequate sample size. a. True b. False
97. medium b
Analytical procedures can be used to provide reliable substantive evidence for all balancerelated audit objectives. a. True b. False
98. medium b
One advantage of using statistical techniques when performing analytical procedures is that they eliminate the need for auditor judgment. a. True b. False
99. medium a
Relevance of evidence can only be considered in terms of specific audit objectives. a. True b. False
Arens/Elder/Beasley
