Computer Modelling Group Ltd.
TUTORIAL INTRODUCTION TO
2010
TABLE O CONTENT!
CMO!T !EN!ITI"IT# !EN!ITI"IT# ANAL#!I! ANAL#!I! TUTORIAL.......................... TUTORIAL..................................................... ................................................................ ..................................... 2 CMO!T $I!TOR# $I!TOR# MATC$ING MATC$ING TUTORIAL......................... TUTORIAL.................................................... ...................................................... ......................................... .............. 1% CMO!T O&TIMI'ATION O&TIMI'ATION TUTORIAL......................... TUTORIAL.................................................... ....................................................... .................................................. ...................... . 21 Introduction
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Tutorial
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UNCERTAINT UNCERTAINT# # A!!E!!MENT A!!E!!MENT (UA)............................................. (UA)........................................................................ ......................................................... .............................. 2* Creating the new UA CMM file:
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Running the CMOST Studio
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CMO!T !en+iti,it- Anl-+i+ Tutoril A Sen#iti$it% Anal%#i# &SA' Ta#( Ta#( i# u#ed for deter)ining the o$erall $ariation of #i)ulation re#ult# under different *ara)eter $alue# and+or which *ara)eter# ha$e the greate#t effect on #i)ulation re#ult#, SA deter)ine# how #en#iti$e re#ult# are to different ad-u#ta.le *ara)eter#, The infor)ation can later .e u#ed in other ta#(# #uch a# /i#tor% Matching O*ti)iation or Uncertaint% A##e##)ent a# it will hel* deter)ine which *ara)eter# #hould .e $aried and their a**roi)ate range#, SA u#e# two $alue# for each *ara)eter &high and low' which )ean# the #en#iti$it% relation#hi* i# linear and the range of $alue# i# the e*ected range for the ca#e .eing con#idered, On co)*leting a SA one can deter)ine which *ara)eter# #hould .e con#idered for the hi#tor% )atche# and which can .e eli)inated #i)*l% .ecau#e the% ha$e little to no effect on the o$erall #i)ulation re#ult#, 1, O*en file 4ngineer,dat 4ngineer,dat locate $aria.le# for SA ea)ine ea)ine 5AT4+ 5AT4+TIM4 TIM4 control# control# and ti)e ti)e #te* control, control, 2, 5rug and dro* dro* file 4ngineer 4ngineer,#e ,#e# # into Re#ult# Re#ult# 6ra*h 6ra*h to #ee how well the the engineer engineer did, 7ou 7ou #hould #hould #ee #o)ething li(e in *icture# .elow:
3, O*en the file# CMOST CMOST4ngi 4ngineer neerSA,C SA,CMM MM and 4ngineer 4ngineer,da ,dat t for co)*ari#on co)*ari#on to o.#er$e how certain certain $aria.le# ha$e .een re*laced .% . % CMOST $aria.le#, 9or ea)*le to create a CMOST $aria.le #uch a# *er)ea.ilit% we need to re*lace line / &ERMI 3"A 3"AR R 2000 1000 00 2000 in the 4ngineer,dat 4ngineer,dat file .% the new line:
&ERMI 3"AR 45mo+t6t7i+820009:&ERM14;5mo+t6 45mo+t6t7i+810009:&ERM24;5mo+t6 45mo+t6t7i+8009:&ERM%4;5mo+t6 45mo+t6t7i+820009:&ERM<4;5mo+t6
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, To create create the CMOST CMOST ta#( ta#( file file:: a, O*en O*en CMOS CMOST T Stu Studi dio o ., Sel Select ect 9ile 9ile;;
re## >re## O?, O?,
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e, 7ou are goin going g to #ee #ee the foll followi owing ng #creen #creen::
ro*er >ro*erti tie# e# we need need to .row#e .row#e for the file# we are going going to u#e, u#e, 7our 7our #creen #creen #hould #hould loo( loo( #o)ething li(e thi#:
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, ara >ara)et )eter# er# #creen #creen,, a, Clic Clic( ( I)*o I)*ort rt *ar *ara) a)et eter er#, #,
., 4ach 4ach *ara)ete *ara)eterr i# gi$en gi$en a range range of $alue# $alue# for CMOST CMOST to wor( with with &high &high and low' low' therefo therefore re in the Sa)*le alue alue window we need to in*ut the following $alue# for different *ara)eter#:
Parameter
CR51 9ACTOR 99I 1 al >5IAI4RM1 >4RM2 >4RM3 >4RM >4RMU1 >OR1 >MO5 R4S>R4SS
Candidate Value Min
Max
@,004B0 1 1 100 2@0 2@0 2@0 2@0 0 0,1 0,3 100
@,004B02 20 "00 000 000 000 000 0,3@ 1 @00
c, Clic Clic( ( Sa$ Sa$e e the the 9ile 9ile,,
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!, In the the Sa)*l Sa)*lin ing g Method Method O*ti O*tion on choo choo#e #e Dr5tionl 5toril E de#ign with 1@ *ara)eter# and 128 run# to calculate the e*eri)ental de#ign, After that do clic( the D Generte &ttern+E .utton,
8, Select Select O.-e O.-ecti cti$e $e 9unc 9unctio tion n #cree #creen n a, Clic( Clic( on on the In#ert In#ert .utton .utton to to add a row &R= !imultion Re+ult ' and o$er write the default na)e that #how# for the fir#t O.-ecti$e 9unction, A# it can .e #een fro) the *icture .elow the three o.-ecti$e func functi tion on# # we are are goin going g to u#e: u#e: 5umulti, 5umulti,e e oil produ5ed produ5ed 5umulti, 5umulti,e e =ter =ter produ5e produ5ed d and and 5umulti,e +tem in>e5ted, ., Select the the fir#t O.-ecti$e function function row, row, A .lan( row will a**ear a**ear under O.-ecti$e 9unction Ter)#: Ter)#:
c,
Ter) na)e can can .e changed changed if needed needed;; acce*t the the origin origin t%*e# a# F4S F4S #elect #elect the origin origin na)e na)e a# >roducer 1 and Cu)ulati$e Oil SC a# the >ro*ert%, The Si)ulation 5ate Ti)e i# auto)aticall% entered fro) the Dir? E file fro) the .a#e data #et, All the#e o.-ecti$e function# will .e referenced to the end of the
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*ilot *eriod howe$er we could al#o add additional $alue# for different ti)e# &for ea)*le end of each c%cle or *art of c%cle', =row#e for the field hi#tor% file G9ield5ata,9/9H and enter a con$er#ion 9actor of 1, d, Re*eat Re*eat thi# *roce## *roce## for each O.-ecti$ O.-ecti$e e 9unct 9unctio ion n row row #elect #electing ing the a**ro* a**ro*ri riate ate well na)e &Origi &Origin n ro*ert% >ro*ert% for each O.-ecti$e O.-ecti$e 9unction, 9unction, The #a)e 9/9 file file i# u#ed for each O.-ecti$e O.-ecti$e 9unction ter) the Con$er#ion 9actor# are all 1, The net figure #how# the O.-ecti$e 9unction Ter) Ter) row for the Cu)Stea) O.-ecti$e 9unction:
e, In the CMOST CMOST 9or)ula 9or)ula 4ditor 4ditor add C)o#t C)o#t Single Single alu alue e aria.l aria.le# e# and *re## *re## O?,
f,
Sa$e th the fifile,
", In Re#ult# O.#er$er# O.#er$er# we include include the o.-ecti$e o.-ecti$e function function $aria.le# a# well a# =/> $alue#, To To do that: a, >re## I)*ort I)*ort .utton .utton %ou will will #ee #ee the following following window: window:
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U#e Shift (e% to highlight all the o.-ecti$e ter)# to .e added, >re## O?, ., Add )i##ing )i##ing o.-ecti$e o.-ecti$e function function $aria.le $aria.le# # &=/>>rod &=/>>roducer ucer and =/>In-e =/>In-ector' ctor',, c, U#e Fell =otto)Bho =otto)Bhole le >re##ure >re##ure a# the the >ro*er >ro*ert% t%,, d, Change Change 5i#*la 5i#*la% % *oin *ointt for 100, 100, e, Al#o we load the the 9/9 file to to co)*are co)*are each #en#iti #en#iti$it% $it% ca#e ca#e with with the field field data, data, 7our 7our #creen #hould loo( a# follow#:
f,
Sa$e th the fifile,
10, =row#e =row#e Run Config Configurati uration# on# a, Select Select the correc correctt #i)ula #i)ulator tor ., Choo#e Lo5l in the Scheduler configuration #ection &or a#( the in#tructor to running in the networ(' c, Select Select CMOST CMOST engine engine config configura uratio tion n d, Sa$e Sa$e the the fil file e and and #tar #tartt the the ta#( ta#( 7our 7our #creen #hould loo( li(e thi#:
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11, 11, To #u.)it #u.)it the run: run: a, Clic( Clic( on on Star Startt Ta Ta#( .utton .utton ., A##i A##ign gn a Run Run Tag
c, Clic( Clic( O?,
12, Once the -o. i# co)*leted co)*leted %ou will will #ee the following following #creen #creen which can .e $iewed $iewed .% loading the CMR file for thi# ca#e: 13, In the Re#ult# O.#er$er O.#er$er# # we can #ee the 128 run# and we can co)*are it with with the hi#torical hi#torical data &=lue *oint#', In the following *icture# %ou can #ee the re#ult# of =/> for a *roducer and in-ector well al#o cu)ulati$e #tea) in-ection and cu)ulati$e oil *roduce,
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/ere we #ee that in #o)e run# the oil *roduction i# one #ided co)*ared to the field data a# i# the #tea) in-ection &the other wa%',
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1, Select Select 4ffect 4ffect 4#ti)ate#; 4#ti)ate#; a, Tornad rnado o >lot >lot#; #; 9ro) 9ro) the the *lot *lot# # .elo .elow w we can o.#e o.#er$ r$e e the the a$er a$erag age e $alu $alue e for for all all the the run# run# and and the the #en#iti$it% of each *ara)eter, *ara)eter,
., 4ffect 4ffect 4#ti)at 4#ti)ate e Ta. Ta.le le allow# allow# to $iew the the re#ult# re#ult# in ta.le ta.le for),
1@, =% co*%in co*%ing g the ta.le ta.le to 4cel 4cel and calcul calculati ating ng *ercen *ercentag tage e for each *ara)e *ara)eter ter we can #ort out which which *ara)eter# #hould .e included in the hi#tor% )atch, Since the re#ult# are uite in#en#iti$e to the dilation co)*re##i.ilit% $alue a# it can .e #een fro) the ta.le .elow we we can ignore dilation it#elf .ut lea$e the effect
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of nor)al for)ation co)*re##i.ilit% on *er)ea.ilit%, Al#o #o)e *ara)eter# ha$e an effect on certain o.-ecti$e function# .ut not on other# and the% #hould .e included in the hi#tor% )atch,
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CMO!T $i+tor- Mt57ing Mt5 7ing Tutoril Tutoril 1, O*en O*en CMOS CMOST T Stu Studi dio o a, Select
, Sel Select ect >ar >ara) a)et eter er# # @, I)*ort I)*ort *ara)eter#; *ara)eter#; turn off 9AC 9ACTOR TOR >4RMU1 >4RMU1 and CR51; chec( that the default default $alue# $alue# for the#e two *ara)eter# are a# #hown, Al#o chec( the default# default# for the acti$e *ara)eter#,
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, Add *ara)eter *ara)eter $alue# $alue# for for the the acti$ acti$e e *ara)et *ara)eter#, er#, a, Select Select >ara)et >ara)eter er row >OR1 >OR1 and Candid Candidate ate alu alue e row 1, ., 4nter 0,2 a# a# the fir#t fir#t Candidat Candidate e $alue, $alue, Cur#or Cur#or down down to the the net net row, row, c, 4nter 0,2@ 0,2@ a# the #econd #econd Candidate Candidate al alue ue and re*eat re*eat the *roce## *roce## to add the the $alue# 0,3 0,3 and 0,3@ *er the net figure
d, 9ollow 9ollow the #a)e #a)e *rocedure *rocedure to to add Candidate Candidate al alue# ue# for each each of the row#, row#, Select Select the >ara)e >ara)eter ter row fir#t then the fir#t Candidate Candidate alue alue row to enter the fir#t $alue, The net figure #how# the $alue# for >ara)eter >4RM1:
e, >4RM2 >4RM2 and >4RM >4RM ha$e ha$e the #a)e Candid Candidate ate al alue# ue# a# >4RM >4RM1, 1, 288111!"
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Once >4RM1 $alue# were entered left clic( on the row corre#*onding to >4RM1 and choo#e co*% candidate $alue# to other *ara)eter#,
On the newl% o*ened #creen #elect >4RM2 and >4RM cell# hit O? and then confir) the re*lace)ent of $alue#,
f,
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>4RM3 >4RM3 ha# the follow following ing #et of $alue# $alue#::
1@
g, Select Select 99I1 row and and clic( on the generate generate .utton, .utton, On the followi following ng )enu choo#e choo#e Arith) Arith)etic etic #euence #euence a# the )ethod, Set the Min $alue to 1 Ma $alue to 1" and nu).er of $alue# al#o 10, Clic( O?,
the final #et of $alue# loo(# li(e:
h, Co*% the candidate $alue# fro) 99I1 to 99I2 99I3 and 99I,
i, 9or the re#er$oir re#er$oir *re##ure we #hould #hould u#e a low $alue $alue of 100 *#i and a high high $alue of @00 *#i, An incre)ent incre)ent of 100 *#i can .e u#ed
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-, The *ore $olu)e )odifier #hould #*an a range fro) 0,3 to 1 with an incre)ent of 0,1, 0 ,1, There i# nothing )agic a.out thi# range ece*t that %ou want the an#wer to fall within within it, The Sen#iti$it% Anal%#i# would would hel* to $alidate whether thi# wa# an a**ro*riate range (, The dilation incre)ental *re##ure )u#t #tart with a $alue J 0 and in the ea)*le we ha$e u#ed 100 *#i, The u**er $alue of the incre)ent i# deter)ined .% loo(ing at the lowe#t re#er$oir *re##ure #elected &100 *#i' and the #tea) in-ection *re##ure &1000 *#i', *#i', The difference &"00 &"00 *#i' i# the large#t incre)ent we need #ince an% larger $alue would eli)inate dilation on#et, Therefore in total we need to #et " $alue# for >5IAI5IAI
a, Clic( Clic( on the In#ert .utton .utton to add a row and o$erwrite o$erwrite the default default na)e na)e that #how# #how# for the fir#t O.-ecti O.-ecti$e $e 9unction, Add K a# the 5i#*la% 5i#*la% Unit, The other colu)n# are defaulted, ., Add the the other other four O.-ecti$e O.-ecti$e 9uncti 9unction on row# row# in the #a)e wa%, wa%, c,
Select the the fir#t O.-ecti$e function function row, row, A .lan( row will a**ear a**ear under O.-ecti$e 9unction Ter)#: Ter)#:
d, /ighlight /ighlight the row row change change the ter) ter) na)e if %ou wi#h wi#h acce*t acce*t the origin origin t%*e a# F4S F4S #elect #elect >roducer1 >roducer1 a# the Origin ro*ert%, >ro*ert%, The Start 5ate Ti)e Ti)e and 4nd 5ate Ti)e Ti)e are auto)aticall auto)aticall% % entered fro) the irf file fro) the .a#e data #et &if it ei#t#', ei#t#', U#uall% U#uall% thi# can .e left a# i# unle## %ou are tr%ing to )atch a different different ti)e *eriod for a *articular O.-ecti$e 9unction, =row#e for the field hi#tor% file G9ield5ata,9/9H enter a Mea#ure)ent Mea#ure)en t 4rror of 0 and a Ter) Ter) Feight of 1, e, Re*eat Re*eat thi# *roce## *roce## for each O.-ecti$ O.-ecti$e e 9unct 9unctio ion n row row #elect #electing ing the a**ro* a**ro*ri riate ate well na)e &Origi &Origin n ro*ert% >ro*ert% for each O.-ecti$e O.-ecti$e 9unction, 9unction, The #a)e 9/9 file file i# u#ed for each O.-ecti$e O.-ecti$e 9unction ter) the Mea#ure)ent 4rror# 4rror# are all ero and the Ter) Ter) Feight# Feight# are all 1, The net figure #how# the O.-ecti$e 9unction Ter) row for the =/>I O.-ecti$e 9unction:
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f,
Sa$e th the fifile,
8, The Influence Influence Matri Matri allow# allow# %ou to #*ecif% what what le$el of influenc influence e a gi$en acti$e >ara)et >ara)eter er ha# on a 6i$en O.-ecti$e function, In thi# ca#e we will will lea$e the#e le$el# at 1, ara)eter# which which ha$e ha$e no influe influence nce on an% O.-ect O.-ecti$ i$e e 9uncti 9unction on a# deter) deter)ine ined d .% the Sen#it Sen#iti$i i$it% t% Anal% Anal%#i# #i# &#ee &#ee #en#iti$it% tutorial', ara)eter 4ffect ta.le created in 4cel after the Sen#iti$it% Anal%#i# indicate# that #o)e other >ara)eter# ha$e little effect on #o)e O.-ecti$e 9unction# #o tho#e IM cell# could .e #et to ero or 0,2, 7ou can tr% thi# a# an eerci#e to #ee the effect on the /i#tor% Matching,
", 9or the Ti)e Ti)e Serie# Serie# Re#ult# O.#er$er# clic( clic( the I)*ort .utton and #elect #elect all the the ti)e #erie# #erie# uantitie#:
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10, Change the nu).er of 5i#*la% >oint# to 100 and #a$e the file: file:
11, 11, The final #creen #creen i# the Run Configur Configuratio ation, n, a, Select Select Refre#h Refre#h Scheduler Scheduler# # to u*date u*date the li#t li#t of a$aila.l a$aila.le e #cheduler# #cheduler#,, ., Select Select the #chedu #cheduler ler# # to to .e u#ed, u#ed, c, Select Select the #i)ulator #i)ulator and $er#ion $er#ion,, Thi# will .e one of tho#e tho#e on the the local local )achine )achine,, Select Select 9ind 9ind Clo#e#t Clo#e#t er#ion #o that CMOST u#e# the )o#t a**ro*riate $er#ion a$aila.le on the )achine# on which the #i)ulation# will .e run, UL# a# otherwi#e the re#ult# )a% .e affected .% $er#ion and *aralleliation i##ue#, d, Select Select the the other other *ara) *ara)eter# eter# according according to the the figure: figure:
The )a -o. ti)e in hour# #hould .e #et to a #uita.le nu).er, In thi# ca#e each -o. #hould ta(e no longer than 1@ #econd# to co)*lete, Therefore Therefore it i# reco))ended to #et the Mimum o Run Time to 0,1 hour & )in#' #o that in ca#e a -o. run# for )ore than )in# the #i)ulator (ill# the -o. and continue# with the net one in ueue, e, Sa$e Sa$e the file file and cli clic( c( Star Startt Ta Ta#(, 12, The net #lide #how# the *ara)eter #tatu# #tatu# chart fro) the #econd CMOST hi#tor% )atch and identifie# identifie# the range of all the *ara)eter#: 288111!"
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13, After running the the /i#tor% Matching Matching %ou #hould get a #creen #creen #i)ilar to: to:
The 6O9 #hould ha$e a $alue around 1K:
1, Re$iew Re$iew the >ower>oi >ower>oint nt #lide# for a di#cu##ion di#cu##ion of reBrunning reBrunning the /i#tor% /i#tor% Matching u#ing >SO rather than 54C4, In thi# ca#e %ou need to #*ecif% a )ai)u) nu).er of -o.# to .e run #ince the >SO a**roach doe# not reduce the #earch #*ace, A $alue of 1000 i# a**ro*riate, 1@, The #lide# al#o di#cu## di#cu## how to #to* #to* and re#tart a CMOST CMOST run,
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CMO!T Optimition Tutoril Tutoril Introduction O*ti)iation will .e a**lied to the foreca#t i,e, the future o *eration of thi# well, To a$oid reBrunning the hi#tor% )atch #tage for each foreca#t ca#e we will create a re#tart file .a#ed on the hi#tor% )atch &or )atche#', To )a(e the o*ti)iation of the future c%cle# a# #i)*le a# *o##i.le we will )a(e u#e of the c%cling con#traint# a$aila.le in =uilder and the #i)ulator#, #i)ulator#, Thi# will allow u# to #*ecif% c%cle co)*onent# a# CMOST *ara)eter# *ara)eter# for o*ti)iation,
Tutorial 1, Co*% one of the the hi#tor% hi#tor% )atch data data #et# fro) the the -o.#L -o.#L director director% % into the )ain )ain *ro-ect *ro-ect director% director%,, All wor( wor( )u#t .e done in the *ro-ect director% &%ou )a% create a new one for o*ti)iation if %ou wi#h .ut )a(e #ure that all nece##ar% ?7? file# file# are co*ied to thi# thi# director%' to a$oid a$oid confu#ion, In the ea)*le we #hall #hall u#e the 54C4 hi#tor% )atch file nu).ered /<%, 2, The fir#t #te* i# to add the the c%clic grou*# definition definition at 5AT 5AT4 4 1"!3 " 2@, A co)*ari#on of the original data #et at thi# date and the re$i#ed data #et at thi# date i# #hown in:
9igure 1 3,
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@, Sa$e the the data #et #et and run run it, T attached, attached, 6o to I+O Control and #elect Re#tart, Re#tart, Into Re#tart and Friting Friting Re#tart window# #elect Re#tart fro) *re$iou# #i)ulation run,,, a# #hown in the following *icture:
9igure 3 8,
9igure
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10, roducer 1L i# i)*licitl% clo#ed, clo#ed, It i# a##u)ed that the u#er i# fa)iliar fa)iliar with the u#e and con#truction of c%clic control#, control#, Refer to the figure to deter)ine the con#traint# to u#e for the c%clic control#, 11, 11, 4tend the date# to 1"8 12 31 in 1Bda% inter$al# in in =uilder and re)o$e the the STO>, STO>, Fe u#e 1Bda% inter$al# inter$al# to gi$e gi$e good good defini definitio tion n of the #tage# #tage# of the c%cle# c%cle# .ut al#o to en#ure en#ure con#i#te con#i#tenc% nc% in re#ul re#ult# t# during during o*ti)iation, Thi# li)it# the ti)e ti)e #te* #ie to 1 da% and en#ure# that re#ult# are not .ia#ed .% #o)e ca#e# running running with #ignifican #ignificantl% tl% larger larger ti)e #te*# than other#, other#, 9or the #a)e rea#on rea#on e need to en#ure that we alwa%# u#e the #a)e nu).er of C>UL# for running ca#e# to a$oid different degree# of drift in the re#ult#, 12, Sa$e eit =uilder and run it, it, O*en the file in the tet editor, editor, Sa$e Sa$e the file with the eten#ion eten#ion of ,CMM, 13, Fe will re*lace re*lace the c%cle c%cle ti)e# ti)e# for the three *art# *art# of the c%cle c%cle &in-ection &in-ection #oa( #oa( and *roducti *roduction' on' with CMOST CMOST *ara)eter#, Fe will al#o re*lace the )ini)u) *roduced oil rate #witching con#traint with a CMOST *ara)eter:
9igure @ 1, STO> -u#t .efore .efore the 5AT4 5AT4 1"! 0" 2 if it ei#t# and #a$e the file, file, 1, O*en CMOST and #elect O*ti)iation O*ti)iation a# the the ta#( t%*e, Identif% the correct *ro-ect director% director% containing containing the file# -u#t created, 1!, Co)*lete Co)*lete the 6eneral 6eneral >ro*ertie# >ro*ertie# #creen .% i)*orting i)*orting the file# file# a# #hown .elow and adding a de#cri*ti de#cri*ti$e $e co))ent:
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9igure 18, Mo$e to the the >ara)eter >ara)eter# # #creen #creen 1", I)*ort the >ara)eter# P the three ti)e ti)e *eriod#:
9igure ! 20, The range range of ti)e# for the the in-ection in-ection *eriod *eriod i# #hown a.o$e, a.o$e, 9or the #oa( *eriod *eriod u#e three three ti)e# ti)e# of ! 1 and 21 da%#; for the *roduction *eriod u#e eight ti)e# #tarting at "0 da%# and going to !20 da%#, 21, Mo$e to the O.-ecti$ O.-ecti$e e 9unction 9unction #creen, 22, In thi# ca#e we onl% ha$e one 6lo.al O.-ecti$e O.-ecti$e 9unction P the <> of of the foreca#t *eriod:
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9igure 8 a, Clic( Clic( In#ertL In#ertL in the u**er u**er right right and #elect #elect 5i#co 5i#counted unted alu alueL, eL, ., There There will will .e onl% one local local o.-ect o.-ecti$ i$e e function function #o %ou can #elect #elect an% of the the Method# Method#,, /owe$e /owe$er r ifif %ou choo#e an%thing other than Su)L %ou will get a warning )e##age that Su)L i# *referred, c, The 9or)ul 9or)ula a i# the Su) Su) of of O.-ecti$ O.-ecti$e e Ter Ter)# )# d, The 5i#*la% 5i#*la% Unit Unit i# MQ for for thou#and# of dollar#, dollar#, Thi# #tring i# i# u#ed *urel% for for di#*la% *ur*o#e#, It i# i# the u#erL# u#erL# re#*on re#*on#i. #i.ili ilit% t% to en#ure en#ure that the calculat calculatio ion n re#ult re#ult &<>' &<>' )atche )atche# # the di#*la% di#*la% unit, unit, The Con$er#ion 9actor &#ee .elow' i# u#ed for thi# *ur*o#e, e, The <> will will .e .e )ade )ade u* of two two ter) ter)#: #:
f,
i,
The The al alue ue of the the .itu .itu)e )en n #tr #trea ea) )
ii, ii,
The The Co# Co#tt of of the the #tea #tea) )
Add Add the# the#e e two two ter) ter)# # in the the low lower er .o .o:: i,
ii,
The 4nd 5ate 5ate Ti)e Ti)e i# i# the la#t date in the the foreca# foreca#tt
iii, The 7earl% 7earl% Intere#t Intere#t Rate Rate &5i#count Rate' Rate' i# the fractional annual di#count rate in thi# thi# ca#e 10K for calculating the di#counted <> of the ter) i$, The Unit alue alue i# the $alue of one .a#e unit u#ing the unit #%#te) #%#te) defined in CMOST in the 6eneral 6eneral >ro*erti >ro*ertie# e# #creen, In thi# ca#e the .a#e unit i# ..l+da% ..l+da% &.ecau#e &.ecau#e the defined unit unit #%#te) in CMOST i# 9ield' #o the Unit alue i# Q+..l, $, 9or uant uantiti itie# e# that that are a co#t co#t u#e negati negati$e $e $alue $alue nu).er nu).er#, #, In thi# thi# ca#e we are are u#ing a $alue $alue of Q30+..l for .itu)en and BQ3+..l for #tea), $i, Refer to the CMOST CMOST )anual for detail# a# to how the <> calculation i# i# *erfor)ed, $ii, The Con$er#ion 9actor 9actor i# u#ed to con$ert the .a#e unit# u#ed in the the #i)ulator to the di#*la%ed di#*la%ed unit# for a gi$en uantit uantit%, %, In thi# ca#e ca#e the .a#e .a#e unit# are ..l and we wi#h to di#*la% di#*la% the the <> <> in thou#and# of dollar# &MQ', Thu# we u#e a Con$er#ion 9actor 9actor of 0,001, $iii, >I45 ATER T/4 <> CACUATIO<,
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2, Mo$e to the Influence Influence Matri #creen, #creen, Since Since we ha$e no idea how the different different *ara)eter *ara)eter# # affect the <> we will lea$e the IM at it# default $alue# of 1, If we (new *erha*# *erha*# .% running a SA on the foreca#t how the different *ara)eter# affected the <> <> we could include thi# influence here .% u#ing a $alue .etween 1 and 0 for each *ara)eter, *ara)eter, In *ractice it i# u#uall% fa#ter to conduct the o*ti)iation with IM $alue# of 1 rather than to conduct #e$eral SAL# SAL# to o.tain IM $alue e#ti)ate#, 2@, Mo$e to the Re#ult Re#ult O.#er$ O.#er$er# er# #creen: #creen:
9igure " 2, The re#ult o.#er$er# o.#er$er# can .e i)*orted fro) the O.-ecti$e O.-ecti$e 9unction #creen .% clic(ing the I)*ortL I)*ortL .utton, .utton, Additional re#ult o.#er$er# can .e added .% hand, The to* #ection of the #creen i# for Ti)e Ti)e Serie# re#ult o.#er$er#: o.#er$er#: the .otto) #ection #ection of the #creen i# for 9ied date re#ult o.#er$er#, o.#er$er#, A field field hi#tor% hi#tor% file can .e entered here .ut #ince o*ti)iation i# u#uall% done for a foreca#t a.out the onl% ti)e %ou )ight u#e thi# entr% i# if %ou ha$e a .a#e ca#eL foreca#t, foreca#t, Fe #hall lea$e it .lan(, .lan(, 2!, Fe can #(i* the Con#traint# and re#tart re#tart Configuration Configuration #creen# and )o$e to the Run Configuration Configuration #creen, 28, On thi# #creen #creen clic( the the Refre#h Scheduler# .utton: .utton:
Fe
re u+ing remote 5lu+ter =it7 < C&U+ nd llo=ing >o+ to e pending T7e 5lu+ter =ill u+e @o !in5e t7e >o ee5ution time i+ ,er+7ort =e u+e +7ort engine re?re+7 DECE ppro57 i+ 57o+en Up to 1000 >o+ m- e run =it7 t7e e+t eing Jept 9igure 10 and chec( that the #cheduler# are configured a# %ou wi#h, a, The nu).e nu).err of *ending *ending -o.# -o.# #houl #hould d .e no )ore )ore than 10, 10, Since Since in thi# thi# ca#e ca#e we onl% onl% ha$e ha$e C>UL# C>UL# a$aila.le we u#e a nu).er of @ #o there i# alwa%# a lwa%# one -o. waiting to run,
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., The #i)ulato #i)ulatorr eecuta.le eecuta.le on the local local )achine )achine i# 32B.it .ut .ut the 9ind Clo#e#t Clo#e#t er# er#ion ion will will re#ult in in the clu#ter u#ing it# B.it $er#ion with 1 C>U allocated to each -o., c, The CM6 CM6 54C4 54C4 o*ti)iat o*ti)iation ion )ethod )ethod i# i# cho#en cho#en and a #hort #hort refre#h refre#h ti)e ti)e i# u#ed, u#ed, The refre# refre#h h ti)e i# i# auto)aticall% ad-u#ted .a#ed on -o. run ti)e, d, A )ai)u )ai)u) ) -o. run ti)e ti)e of 0,0@ hour# hour# &3 )inute#' )inute#' i# i# #elected #elected #ince the the nor)al run run ti)e i# i# #horter than than thi#, If thi# ti)e i# too #hort P lot# of -o.# .eing (illed (illed .ecau#e the% run longer than 3 )inute# and the -o.# are otherwi#e O? P the ti)e can .e increa#ed accordingl%, The *ur*o#e of thi# nu).er i# to *re$ent a -o. that ha# hung or i# ta(ing )uch longer than it #hould fro) .loc(ing the eecution of the ca#e, e, 9inal 9inall% l% we #*ecif #*ecif% % a )ai)u) )ai)u) nu).e nu).err of -o.# to .e run run &1000', &1000', Thi# Thi# i# al#o al#o a #afet% #afet% net in ca#e ca#e #o)ething goe# wrong,
Job ID
Global Obj
MAXINJTI ME
MAXPRODT IME
MAXSOAKT IME
64
1033.8
120
540
14
13
1030.8
120
540
7
61
1028.4
120
540
21
10
1020.7
180
450
14
55
1015.3
180
450
7
9igure 11 a, The in-ect in-ection ion ti)e ti)e #ee)# #ee)# to to ha$e #ettled #ettled at 120 120 da%#, da%#, ., , c, The *rod *roduct uction ion ti) ti)e e i# .etw .etween een @0 @0 and @0 @0 da%#, da%#, 3, The >ara)eter >ara)eter Ma* .elow confir)# confir)# the#e conclu#ion#:
9igure 12 3!, 9ro) 9ro) the *oint *oint of $iew $iew of doing doing foreca foreca#t #t o*ti)i o*ti)iati ation on u#ing u#ing CMOST CMOST we could could con#ider con#ider the -o. to .e co)*lete at thi# *oint, It i# *o##i.le to *erfor) further further refine)ent of the o*ti)iation, o*ti)iation, 38, Another etra eerci#e# could .e re)o$e the MAN>RO5TIM4 MAN>RO5TIM4 *ara)eter and u#e in#tead of a Mini)u) Oil Rate for C%cle Switching, 5o the nece##ar% )odification# in the O>00!3O>T,CMM O>00!3O>T,CMM 3", Co)*are the two o*ti)iation ca#e#,
9igure 133 288111!"
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2, U#e Re#ult# 6ra*h in order to co)*are the .e#t <> ca#e# in .oth o*ti)iation ca#e#, STARS Te#t =ed
&rodu5er 1 O&H2K0002.ir? 2@0 200 1@0
100 @0 0 1"!
1"!
1"!8
1"80
1" 82
1"8
1"8
Time (Dte)
O>B200028,irf O>000,irf
1,0e@ 1,20e@ 1,00e@ 8,00e ,00e ,00e 2,00e 0,00e0 1"!
1"!
1" !8
1"80
1" 82
1"8
1"8
Time (Dte)
O>B200028,irf O>000,irf
9igure 1 1,Thi# conclude# the tutorial on CMOST O*ti)iation, O*ti)iation,
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Un5ertint- A++e++ment (UA) Once the o*ti)iation #tage i# o$er the i)*act of uncertaintie# of /M $aria.le# on a nu).er of o.-ecti$e function# &i,e, <> CSOR CSOR cu)ulati$e oil *roduction etc,' of the o*ti)u) ca#e&#' will .e anal%ed, Thi# i# done .% #i)ulation to de$elo* a Re#*on#e Surface &a #urface where the 35 #olution# are *o#itioned on' for each o.-ecti$e function of intere#t intere#t con#iderin con#idering g heterogenei heterogeneit% t% of nu)erou# nu)erou# re#er$oir re#er$oir $aria.le# $aria.le# #uch a# *oro#it% *oro#it% *er)ea.il *er)ea.ilit% it% end*oint end*oint #aturation# oil $i#co#it% etc, It then conduct# a Monte Carlo #i)ulation .% #electing each and e$er% rea#ona.le co).ination of $aria.le# and deter)ine# the $alue of the o.-ecti$e function for each co).ination, The re#ult# are then re*re#ented a# *ro.a.ilit% den#it% function &>59' and cu)ulati$e den#it% function &C59' *lot# for the o.-ecti$e function, The )ain ad$antage of UA i# that it u#e# three $aria.le $alue# a# o**o#e to two reuired .% SA which that in turn re#ult# in generation of the Re#*on#e Surface# &RS', The#e RS# )a* change# in the o.-ecti$e function# in$o(ed .% change# in re#er$oir $aria.le# in a 3d fa#hion &#ee 9igureB1 .elow', It al#o allow# for #o)e o*ti)iation of $aria.le# which can not .e carried out .% SA reuiring a lot le## #i)ulation ca#e# to .e run than doe# O*ti)iation, /owe$er a# a trade off thi# reduction in nu).er of run# %ield# a le## *reci#e o*ti)u) #olution than tho#e o.tained .% full O*ti)iation, Thi# di#cre*anc% i# )ainl% due to utiliation of inter*olation rather than etra*olation a)ong the $aria.le $alue#, In addition the nu).er a##e##ed $aria.le i# )ore li)ited than would .e the ca#e with full O*ti)iation and SA,
igure 1 B 35 Re*re#entation of a RS
Creating the new UA CMM file: 1, 6o to the /i#tor% /i#tor% Match -o. folder folder and co*% the )a#ter )a#ter data file &CMOST &CMOST4ngi 4ngineer neerSA,C SA,CMM' MM',, Co*% thi# file in the current -o. folder &UA' and change the na)e for CMOST4ngineerUA,CMM, CMOST4ngineerUA,CMM, 2, O*en O*en the new )a#ter )a#ter data file file in a tet editor editor and change change the curren current# t# default default $alue# $alue# in the CMOST CMOST #entence# .% the *ara)eter# $alue# o.tained fro) the hi#tor% )atch file !3 i,e,
9igure 2 288111!"
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3, 5o not not forget forget create create the the (e%word# (e%word# for the 6rou*, 6rou*,
9igure 3 , Sa$e Sa$e the chan change# ge# done done in in the )a#t )a#ter er data data file, file, @, (e%word' and *a#te in the file that we want to create for the UA acti$it% &CMOST4ngineerUA,CMM' &CMOST4ngineerUA,CMM',, , Change Change the default# default# $alue# in the c%clic c%clic o*tion o*tion .% tho#e o.tained o.tained in the o*ti)iat o*ti)iation, ion, Sa$e Sa$e the file, !, O*en CMOST CMOST Studi Studio o and #elect #elect Uncertaint Uncertaint% % A##e## A##e##)ent )ent ta#( ta#( t%*e, Identif% Identif% the correct correct *ro-ect *ro-ect direct director% or% containing the file# -u#t created,
9igure 8, Co)*lete Co)*lete the 6eneral 6eneral >ro*erti >ro*ertie# e# #creen .% i)*orti i)*orting ng the file# a# #hown #hown .elow and adding adding a de#cri*ti$e de#cri*ti$e co))ent:
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9igure @ ", 6o to *ara)eter *ara)eter# # and do clic( in in the i)*ort i)*ort .utton .utton to get the CMOST CMOST *ara)ete *ara)eter# r# fro) the the c)) file, file, 10, 10, Unch Unchec ec( ( all all the the MANSOA?TIM4',
*ara *ara)e )ete ter# r# ece ece*t *t &99I &99I2 2 99I3 99I3
99I 99I
>5I >5IA AI< I
MAN> MAN>RO RO5T 5TIM IM4 4 and and
11, 11, Add *ara)eter $alue# for the acti$e *ara)eter#, *ara)eter#, 9or that we will .e u#ing the range of $alue# that were were not .loc(ed in the hi#tor% )atch and the o*ti)iation, Thi# Thi# *rocedure will *er)it calculate the uncertaint% in the co).ination#,
9igure
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9igure !
12, Select >ara)eter row 99I2, Select a Unifor) Unifor) >ro.a.ilit% 5i#tri.ution 5i#tri.ution and u#e ! and 1@ a# lower and u**er $alue, 13, 5o clic( in in the DSugge#t DSugge#t Sa)*le#E .utton, ea$e the default default o*tion# and do clic( in O?,
9igure 8 1, Re*eat the #te*# 11 to 12 for the *ara)eter# 99I3 99I 99I MAN>RO5TIM4 MAN>RO5TIM4 and MANSOA?TIM4 MANSOA?TIM4 and #elect the range un.loc(ed for tho#e *ara)eter#, 1@, Select Select >ara)eter row >5IAI5IAIea( and U**er $alue,
9igure " 1, Sa$e the the ta#( file file &UA,CMT &UA,CMT'' 288111!"
%%
1!, Mo$e to the O.-ecti$e 9unction 9unction #creen, In#ert the the <> a# D6lo.al O.-ecti$e O.-ecti$e 9unctionE a# in in the o*ti)iation ca#e,
9igure 10 a, Clic( Clic( In#ertL In#ertL in the u**er u**er right right and #elect #elect 5i#co 5i#counted unted alu alueL, eL, ., The 9or)ul 9or)ula a i# the Su) Su) of of O.-ecti$ O.-ecti$e e Ter Ter)# )# c, The 5i#*la% 5i#*la% Unit i# MQ for thou#and# of dollar# d, The <> <> will will .e )ade u* of two ter)#: i,
The alue alue of of the the .itu) .itu)en en #tr #trea) ea) &Q30+ &Q30+..l ..l''
ii, ii,
The The Co#t Co#t of of the the #tea #tea) ) &BQ3 &BQ3+. +..l .l''
e, Add the#e two ter)# in the lower .o: i,
ii,
The 4nd 5ate 5ate Ti)e Ti)e i# i# the la#t date in the the foreca# foreca#tt
iii, The 7earl% 7earl% Intere#t Intere#t Rate Rate &5i#count Rate' Rate' i# the fractional annual di#count rate in thi# thi# ca#e 10K for calculating the di#counted <> of the ter) i$, The Con$er#ion Con$er#ion 9actor i# u#ed to con$ert the .a#e unit# u#ed in the #i)ulator to the di#*la%ed unit# unit# for a gi$en uantit uantit%, %, In thi# ca#e ca#e the .a#e .a#e unit# are ..l and we wi#h to di#*la% di#*la% the the <> <> in thou#and# of dollar# &MQ', Thu# we u#e a Con$er#ion 9actor 9actor of 0,001,
18, 6o to DSa)*ling MethodE and #elect #elect D=oB=ehn(enE, 5o 5o clic( in the D6enerate >attern#E >attern#E .utton, 1", Mo$e to the Re#ult O.#er$er# O.#er$er# #creen #creen and create create $aria.le# for Oil rate rate Stea) rate and Cu)ulati$e Cu)ulati$e oil a# #howed .elow,
9igure 11
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20, Mo$e to Run Configuration# Configuration# #creen and co)*lete thi# #ection #ection a# .efore, 21, Sa$e the the ta#( file file and run, run, 22, Fhen CMOST fini#h the re#ult# re#ult# will .e #i)ilar to:
9igure 12
9igure 13 288111!"
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